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Nimmo C, Ortiz AT, Tan CCS, Pang J, Acman M, Millard J, Padayatchi N, Grant AD, O'Donnell M, Pym A, Brynildsrud OB, Eldholm V, Grandjean L, Didelot X, Balloux F, van Dorp L. Detection of a historic reservoir of bedaquiline/clofazimine resistance-associated variants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genome Med 2024; 16:34. [PMID: 38374151 PMCID: PMC10877763 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) poses a major ongoing challenge to public health. The recent inclusion of bedaquiline into TB drug regimens has improved treatment outcomes, but this advance is threatened by the emergence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistant to bedaquiline. Clinical bedaquiline resistance is most frequently conferred by off-target resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in the mmpR5 gene (Rv0678), the regulator of an efflux pump, which can also confer cross-resistance to clofazimine, another TB drug. METHODS We compiled a dataset of 3682 Mtb genomes, including 180 carrying variants in mmpR5, and its immediate background (i.e. mmpR5 promoter and adjacent mmpL5 gene), that have been associated to borderline (henceforth intermediate) or confirmed resistance to bedaquiline. We characterised the occurrence of all nonsynonymous mutations in mmpR5 in this dataset and estimated, using time-resolved phylogenetic methods, the age of their emergence. RESULTS We identified eight cases where RAVs were present in the genomes of strains collected prior to the use of bedaquiline in TB treatment regimes. Phylogenetic reconstruction points to multiple emergence events and circulation of RAVs in mmpR5, some estimated to predate the introduction of bedaquiline. However, epistatic interactions can complicate bedaquiline drug-susceptibility prediction from genetic sequence data. Indeed, in one clade, Ile67fs (a RAV when considered in isolation) was estimated to have emerged prior to the antibiotic era, together with a resistance reverting mmpL5 mutation. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a pre-existing reservoir of Mtb strains carrying bedaquiline RAVs prior to its clinical use augments the need for rapid drug susceptibility testing and individualised regimen selection to safeguard the use of bedaquiline in TB care and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camus Nimmo
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK.
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Arturo Torres Ortiz
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Cedric C S Tan
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Juanita Pang
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mislav Acman
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - James Millard
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Wellcome Trust Liverpool Glasgow Centre for Global Health Research, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- CAPRISA MRC-HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alison D Grant
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Max O'Donnell
- CAPRISA MRC-HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Pym
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ola B Brynildsrud
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Eldholm
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louis Grandjean
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Laboratorio de Investigacion y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xavier Didelot
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - François Balloux
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK.
| | - Lucy van Dorp
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, UK.
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Kreins AY, Roux E, Pang J, Cheng I, Charles O, Roy S, Mohammed R, Owens S, Lowe DM, Brugha R, Williams R, Howley E, Best T, Davies EG, Worth A, Solas C, Standing JF, Goldstein RA, Rocha-Pereira J, Breuer J. Favipiravir induces HuNoV viral mutagenesis and infectivity loss with clinical improvement in immunocompromised patients. Clin Immunol 2024; 259:109901. [PMID: 38218209 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Chronic human norovirus (HuNoV) infections in immunocompromised patients result in severe disease, yet approved antivirals are lacking. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors inducing viral mutagenesis display broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity, but clinical efficacy in HuNoV infections is anecdotal and the potential emergence of drug-resistant variants is concerning. Upon favipiravir (and nitazoxanide) treatment of four immunocompromised patients with life-threatening HuNoV infections, viral whole-genome sequencing showed accumulation of favipiravir-induced mutations which coincided with clinical improvement although treatment failed to clear HuNoV. Infection of zebrafish larvae demonstrated drug-associated loss of viral infectivity and favipiravir treatment showed efficacy despite occurrence of RdRp variants potentially causing favipiravir resistance. This indicates that within-host resistance evolution did not reverse loss of viral fitness caused by genome-wide accumulation of sequence changes. This off-label approach supports the use of mutagenic antivirals for treating prolonged RNA viral infections and further informs the debate surrounding their impact on virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Kreins
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Roux
- KU Leuven - Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juanita Pang
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iek Cheng
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Charles
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunando Roy
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reem Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen Owens
- Department of Paediatric Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - David M Lowe
- Immunology Department, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rossa Brugha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Williams
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evey Howley
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Best
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Graham Davies
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Austen Worth
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Solas
- Unité des Virus Émergents IRD 190, INSERM 1207, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; APHM, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Joseph F Standing
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Goldstein
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- KU Leuven - Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Judith Breuer
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
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Illingworth CJR, Guerra-Assuncao JA, Gregg S, Charles O, Pang J, Roy S, Abdelnabi R, Neyts J, Breuer J. Genetic consequences of effective and suboptimal dosing with mutagenic drugs in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae001. [PMID: 38486802 PMCID: PMC10939363 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutagenic antiviral drugs have shown promise against multiple viruses, but concerns have been raised about whether their use might promote the emergence of new and harmful viral variants. Recently, genetic signatures associated with molnupiravir use have been identified in the global SARS-COV-2 population. Here, we examine the consequences of using favipiravir and molnupiravir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model, comparing viral genome sequence data collected from (1) untreated hamsters, and (2) from hamsters receiving effective and suboptimal doses of treatment. We identify a broadly linear relationship between drug dose and the extent of variation in treated viral populations, with a high proportion of this variation being composed of variants at frequencies of less than 1 per cent, below typical thresholds for variant calling. Treatment with an effective dose of antiviral drug was associated with a gain of between 7 and 10 variants per viral genome relative to drug-free controls: even after a short period of treatment a population founded by a transmitted virus could contain multiple sequence differences to that of the original host. Treatment with a suboptimal dose of drug showed intermediate gains of variants. No dose-dependent signal was identified in the numbers of single-nucleotide variants reaching frequencies in excess of 5 per cent. We did not find evidence to support the emergence of drug resistance or of novel immune phenotypes. Our study suggests that where onward transmission occurs, a short period of treatment with mutagenic drugs may be sufficient to generate a significant increase in the number of viral variants transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Guerra-Assuncao
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Samuel Gregg
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Oscar Charles
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Juanita Pang
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- The VirusBank Platform, Gaston Geenslaan, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- The VirusBank Platform, Gaston Geenslaan, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Judith Breuer
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Venturini C, Pang J, Tamuri AU, Roy S, Atkinson C, Griffiths P, Breuer J, Goldstein RA. Haplotype assignment of longitudinal viral deep sequencing data using covariation of variant frequencies. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac093. [PMID: 36478783 PMCID: PMC9719071 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal deep sequencing of viruses can provide detailed information about intra-host evolutionary dynamics including how viruses interact with and transmit between hosts. Many analyses require haplotype reconstruction, identifying which variants are co-located on the same genomic element. Most current methods to perform this reconstruction are based on a high density of variants and cannot perform this reconstruction for slowly evolving viruses. We present a new approach, HaROLD (HAplotype Reconstruction Of Longitudinal Deep sequencing data), which performs this reconstruction based on identifying co-varying variant frequencies using a probabilistic framework. We illustrate HaROLD on both RNA and DNA viruses with synthetic Illumina paired read data created from mixed human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and norovirus genomes, and clinical datasets of HCMV and norovirus samples, demonstrating high accuracy, especially when longitudinal samples are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Venturini
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Juanita Pang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Asif U Tamuri
- Research IT Services, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Claire Atkinson
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Paul Griffiths
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Richard A Goldstein
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Infection, Immunity, Inflammation, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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5
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Zhang H, Pang J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Fan F, Liu H. [AZD9291 suppresses proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:1403-1409. [PMID: 36210715 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.09.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of AZD9291 on the proliferation and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS Nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE1 and CNE2Z cells were treated with AZD9291 at the doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 μmol/L and at the doses of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L, respectively. Cell survival was measured using CCK8 assay, and proliferation inhibition of the cells after AZD9291 treatment was examined with colony-forming assay; the cell repair and migration abilities were determined using scratch assay and Transwell experiment. The expressions of EGFR-related signaling proteins and migration-related proteins were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The results of CCK8 assay and colonyforming assay showed that AZD9291 significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of both HNE1 and CNE2Z cells (P < 0.01). AZD9291 treatment also attenuated the migration ability of HNE1 and CNE2Z cells (P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that, as the concentration of AZD9291 increased, the expression levels of the proteins involved in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway were lowered progressively (P < 0.01), resulting in inhibition of migration of HNE1 and CNE2Z cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION AZD9291 suppresses proliferation and attenuates repair and migration capacities of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting the potential value of AZD9291 in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - J Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College//Anhui Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College//Anhui Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Y Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College//Anhui Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - F Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College//Anhui Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College//Anhui Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233000, China
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Cao J, Liu K, Li K, Hu W, Pang J, Sun P, Zhang S, Zhang X, Pang F, You D. 720P Integrative genomic analysis of matched primary and recurrent tumors reveals molecular characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma with short-term recurrence. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Han Y, Lu S, Zhao R, Xu Y, Chen Y, Xiang C, Wu Q, Chen S, Pang J, Shang Z, Zhao J, Bao H, Shao Y. EP16.03-044 Genomic Evidence Depicting Clonal Evolution of Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Brett T, Marquina C, Radford J, Heal C, Hespe C, Gill G, Sullivan D, Zomer E, Morton J, Watts G, Pang J, Ademi Z. Enhancing the potential for increased primary care role in familial hypercholesterolaemia detection and management: Cost-effectiveness and return on investment. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ying Q, Croyal M, Chan D, Blanchard V, Pang J, Krempf M, Watts G. Postprandial apolipoprotein(a) metabolism in familial hypercholesterolaemia: Therapeutic effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bi Y, Ge L, Ren X, Pang J, Zhao Y, Liang Z. Tumor microenvironment and its clinicopathological and prognostic associations in surgically resected cutaneous angiosarcoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:941-949. [PMID: 35064455 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare but typically aggressive malignant vascular neoplasm of the skin. Tumor microenvironment (TME) of CAS and its associations with baseline clinicopathological features and patient outcomes are very important, especially when considering the recent advances in understanding of the tumor biology. METHODS/PATIENTS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who underwent surgical resection for CAS at a tertiary Hospital. The pretreated specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), densities of tumor infiltrative lymphocytes (TILs) (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD45RO+, FoxP3+), as well as c-MYC and Ki-67 expressions. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared with Log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 21 CAS patients were identified. Median age was 67 (ranges: 20-81) years, 14 (66.7%) were male, and over 50% had lesions of scalp. Histopathological examination showed a predominantly spindle cell type (57.1%). All patients underwent surgery, 16 (76.2%) were treated further. PD-L1 was positively stained (> 1%) in tumor cells (42.9%) and TILs (23.8%). PD-1 expression (> 1%) was identified in TILs of 11 (52.4%) cases. PD-1/PD-L1 expressions were significantly associated with the higher densities of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD45RO+, and Foxp3+ TILs, but not with patient characteristics or c-MYC or Ki-67 expression. Median OS was 18.5 months (95% CI 6.0-35.9), although no prognostic significance was observed with respect to any clinicopathological features. CONCLUSION We characterized TME and its clinical and prognostic association in CAS. PD-1/PD-L1 expressions were significantly associated with TILs subtypes but not with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - L Ge
- Department of Pathology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, China
| | - X Ren
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - J Pang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Z Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Noonan M, Pang J, Li T, Bhuiyan M, Nathan C, Yim M. Access to Care for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: The Influence of Expanded Medicaid in Louisiana. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Galante J, Adeleke S, Wong M, Choy A, Lees K, Edwards A, Raman R, Thomas C, Taylor H, Pang J, Ramadan A, Bianchini D, Clarke A, Naji M, Ellul G, Brulinski P. Use of Novel Imaging for Patient Selection for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer (PCa): Does the PET Tracer Make a Difference? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Boshier FAT, Pang J, Penner J, Parker M, Alders N, Bamford A, Grandjean L, Grunewald S, Hatcher J, Best T, Dalton C, Bynoe PD, Frauenfelder C, Köeglmeier J, Myerson P, Roy S, Williams R, de Silva TI, Goldstein RA, Breuer J. Evolution of viral variants in remdesivir-treated and untreated SARS-CoV-2-infected pediatrics patients. J Med Virol 2022; 94:161-172. [PMID: 34415583 PMCID: PMC8426849 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Detailed information on intrahost viral evolution in SARS-CoV-2 with and without treatment is limited. Sequential viral loads and deep sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from the upper respiratory tract of nine hospitalized children, three of whom were treated with remdesivir, revealed that remdesivir treatment suppressed viral load in one patient but not in a second infected with an identical strain without any evidence of drug resistance found. Reduced levels of subgenomic RNA during treatment of the second patient, suggest an additional effect of remdesivir on viral replication. Haplotype reconstruction uncovered persistent SARS-CoV-2 variant genotypes in four patients. These likely arose from within-host evolution, although superinfection cannot be excluded in one case. Although our dataset is small, observed sample-to-sample heterogeneity in variant frequencies across four of nine patients suggests the presence of discrete viral populations in the lung with incomplete population sampling in diagnostic swabs. Such compartmentalization could compromise the penetration of remdesivir into the lung, limiting the drugs in vivo efficacy, as has been observed in other lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia A. T. Boshier
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Juanita Pang
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Justin Penner
- Department of Infectious DiseaseGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Matthew Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Florey InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nele Alders
- Department of Infectious DiseaseGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Alasdair Bamford
- Department of Infectious DiseaseGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Louis Grandjean
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Department of Metabolic MedicineUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - James Hatcher
- Department of MicrobiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Timothy Best
- Department of MicrobiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Caroline Dalton
- Department of PharmacyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Patricia Dyal Bynoe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Claire Frauenfelder
- Department of EarsNose and Throat, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Division of SurgeryUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jutta Köeglmeier
- Department of GastroenterologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Phoebe Myerson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thushan I. de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Florey InstituteUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of MicrobiologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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14
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Lacaze P, Marquina C, Tiller J, Riaz M, Sturm A, Nelson M, Ference B, Pang J, Watts G, Nicholls S, Zoungas S, Liew D, McNeil J, Ademi Z. Population Genomic Screening of Young Adults for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Huangfu G, Jaltotage B, Pang J, Lan N, Abraham A, Otto J, Ihdayhid A, Rankin J, Watts G, Ayonrinde O, Dwivedi G. CT Evaluation of Hepatic Fat: A Novel Marker for High-Risk Coronary Atherosclerosis in Familial Hypercholesterolaemia. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Sanchez Clemente N, Pang J, Rodrigues C, Aurora P, Breuer J. Case Report: severe paediatric COVID-19 pneumonitis treated with remdesivir and nitazoxanide. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17377.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rarely results in a critical respiratory presentation. It is not yet known which children are at particular risk of adverse outcomes. We describe a paediatric case of critical SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), who made a full recovery after receiving a dual antiviral therapy of remdesivir and nitazoxanide.
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17
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Ademi Z, Marquina C, Lacaze P, Tiller J, Riaz M, Sturm AC, Nelson M, Ference BA, Pang J, Watts GF, Nicholls SJ, Zoungas S, Liew D, McNeil J. Population genomic screening of all young adults in Australia to detect familial hypercholesterolemia: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a highly-penetrant, autosomal dominant monogenic disorder that causes elevated plasma low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). To date, the cost-effectiveness of the emerging strategy of genomic screening of adult populations for FH has not been investigated.
Purpose
To assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of offering population genomic screening to all young adults in Australia to detect heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
Methods
We designed a decision analysis model to compare the current standard of care for heterozygous FH diagnosis in Australia (opportunistic cholesterol screening and genetic cascade testing) with population genomic screening of adults aged 18–40 years to detect pathogenic variants in the LDLR/APOB/PCSK9 genes. The model captured morbidity/mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) over a lifetime horizon, from a healthcare perspective. Risk of CHD, treatment effects, prevalence, and healthcare costs were estimated from published studies. Outcomes included quality adjusted life years (QALYs), costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), discounted 5% annually. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to explore the impact of key input parameters on the robustness of the model. The model structure was designed to be transferable to countries with different healthcare systems.
Results
Over the lifetime of the population (4,167,768 men; 4,129,961 women), the model estimated a gain of 62,722 years of life lived and 73,959 QALYs due to CHD prevention. Population genomic screening for FH would be cost-effective from a healthcare perspective if the cost per test was ≤AU$300 (∼US$233) which would yield an ICER AU$28,000 cost-saving.
Conclusion
Based on our model, offering population genomic screening to all young adults to detect FH could be cost-effective in the Australian healthcare system, at testing costs that are currently feasible.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by the Australian National Heart Foundation and Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Results from scenario analysesResults from Monte Carlo simulations
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ademi
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - P Lacaze
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Tiller
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Riaz
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A C Sturm
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, United States of America
| | - M Nelson
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B A Ference
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Pang
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - G F Watts
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - S Zoungas
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Liew
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J McNeil
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Ying Q, Pang J, Chan DC, Barrett PHR, Watts GF. PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab decreases plasma lipoprotein(a) concentration by a dual kinetic mechanism of action. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle, covalently bound to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Recent trials show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, such as alirocumab, decrease plasma Lp(a) levels and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The kinetic mechanism for lowering Lp(a) by PCSK9 inhibitors may differ according to pre-treatment apo(a) levels.
Purpose
We investigated the effect of alirocumab on Lp(a) metabolism in 21 long-term statin-treated patients [Lp(a) >0.5 g/L in all] with moderate-high (n=10) and high (n=11) apo(a) concentrations according to a cutoff of median apo(a) levels of 145 nmol/L.
Methods
Apo(a) kinetics were studied before and after 12-week treatment with alirocumab (150 mg subcutaneously fortnightly). Apo(a) fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and production rate (PR) were determined using intravenous D3-leucine administration, mass spectrometry and compartmental modelling.
Results
The plasma concentration and PR of apo(a) were significantly higher in patients with high apo(a) than in patients with moderate-high apo(a) levels (273±30 nmol/L vs 130±4.7 nmol/L and 6.0±0.69 nmol/kg/day vs 2.6±0.15 nmol/kg/day, respectively; P<0.001). The FCR of apo(a) was not significantly different between two groups (0.48±0.02 pools/day vs 0.45±0.01 pools/day, P>0.05). In patients with moderate-high apo(a) levels, alirocumab significantly lowered plasma apo(a) levels (−17%, P<0.01) and increased the FCR of apo(a) (+26%, P<0.001), but did not alter apo(a) PR. In contrast, alirocumab significantly lowered plasma apo(a) concentrations (−31%, P<0.001) via a dual mechanism that increased apo(a) FCR (+31%, P<0.001) and lowered PR (−9%, P<0.05) in patients with high apo(a) levels. The reductions in apo(a) concentration and PR with alirocumab in the high apo(a) group remained significant after adjusting for background statin when compared with patients with moderate-high apo(a) levels (P<0.05).
Conclusions
In statin-treated patients with elevated Lp(a), alirocumab may lower elevated plasma Lp(a) concentrations by a dual mechanism of increasing the catabolism and decreasing the production of Lp(a) particles, specifically in patients with relatively high apo(a) concentrations.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): This independent research was funded by an Investigator Initiated Study Concept Research Grant from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi (Protocol No. LPS 14508). Figure 1Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ying
- The University of Western Australia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Australia
| | - J Pang
- The University of Western Australia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Australia
| | - D C Chan
- The University of Western Australia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Australia
| | - P H R Barrett
- University of New England, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Armidale, Australia
| | - G F Watts
- The University of Western Australia, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Australia
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Abdelnabi R, Foo CS, Kaptein SJF, Zhang X, Do TND, Langendries L, Vangeel L, Breuer J, Pang J, Williams R, Vergote V, Heylen E, Leyssen P, Dallmeier K, Coelmont L, Chatterjee AK, Mols R, Augustijns P, De Jonghe S, Jochmans D, Weynand B, Neyts J. The combined treatment of Molnupiravir and Favipiravir results in a potentiation of antiviral efficacy in a SARS-CoV-2 hamster infection model. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103595. [PMID: 34571361 PMCID: PMC8461366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Favipiravir and Molnupiravir, orally available antivirals, have been reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. First efficacy data have been recently reported in COVID-19 patients. Methods We here report on the combined antiviral effect of both drugs in a SARS-CoV-2 Syrian hamster infection model. The infected hamsters were treated twice daily with the vehicle (the control group) or a suboptimal dose of each compound or a combination of both compounds. Findings When animals were treated with a combination of suboptimal doses of Molnupiravir and Favipiravir at the time of infection, a marked combined potency at endpoint is observed. Infectious virus titers in the lungs of animals treated with the combination are reduced by ∼5 log10 and infectious virus are no longer detected in the lungs of >60% of treated animals. When start of treatment was delayed with one day a reduction of titers in the lungs of 2.4 log10 was achieved. Moreover, treatment of infected animals nearly completely prevented transmission to co-housed untreated sentinels. Both drugs result in an increased mutation frequency of the remaining viral RNA recovered from the lungs of treated animals. In the combo-treated hamsters, an increased frequency of C-to-T mutations in the viral RNA is observed as compared to the single treatment groups which may explain the pronounced antiviral potency of the combination. Interpretation: Our findings may lay the basis for the design of clinical studies to test the efficacy of the combination of Molnupiravir/Favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. Funding: stated in the acknowledgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline S Foo
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suzanne J F Kaptein
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xin Zhang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thuc Nguyen Dan Do
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lana Langendries
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Vangeel
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Breuer
- UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Juanita Pang
- UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Williams
- UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Raf Mols
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery & Disposition, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Division of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Global Virus Network, GVN, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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20
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Xu L, Huang F, Zhang Y, Niu W, Pang J, Li S, Li X. [ Chuanxiong Rhizoma inhibits brain metastasis of lung cancer through multiple active ingredients acting on multiple targets, pathways and biological functions]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:1319-1328. [PMID: 34658345 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanism mediating the inhibitory effect of Chuanxiong Rhizoma against brain metastasis of lung cancer using network pharmacology methods and molecular docking. METHODS The chemical components of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and their targets were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. The relevant targets for brain metastasis of lung cancer were screened using the GeneCards database. Clusterpro-filerR package was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Cytoscape and STRING database were used to construct the "active ingredient-target-disease" network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. The core components of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and their targets in the treatment of lung cancer brain metastasis were screened based on the topological parameters, and the results were verified using molecular docking and in Chuanxiong extract- treated human lung cancer PC9 cells by detecting the core target with Western blotting. RESULTS Forty-eight active ingredients of Chuanxiong Rhizoma including (Z)-ligustilide, butylphthalide, oleic acid, and myricetone were screened, which target 49 proteins including INS, BDNF, FOS, VEGFA, PTGS2, ESR1, MAPK14, and PTGS1. These proteins participated in 57 biological functions such as nuclear receptor activity, ligand activation, and transcription factor activity, involving 40 signaling pathways such as prolactin signaling pathway, breast cancer, and etrogen signaling. The results of molecular docking showed that myricetone, butylphthalide, 4-hydroxy-3 butylphthalide, (Z)-ligustilide, and ligustalide-E, among others, had strong affinities to 7 cores targets including BDNF, FOS, PTGS2, and MAPK14. In PC9 cells, treatment with Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract resulted in significant reductions in the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and VEGF (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Chuanxiong Rhizoma contains multiple active ingredients against brain metastasis lung cancer, and these ingredients act on multiple targets involving multiple signal pathways and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - F Huang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - W Niu
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - J Pang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - S Li
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - X Li
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.,Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for New Technology of Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces Manufacturing, Bozhou 236800, China.,Postdoctoral Workstation of Anhui Xiehecheng Pharmaceutical Decoction Pieces Co., Ltd., Bozhou 236800, China
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21
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Chakraborty A, Pang J, Chan D, Watts G. Effectiveness of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 monoclonal antibody treatment on plasma lipoprotein(a) in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) attending a clinic. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Gastine S, Pang J, Boshier FA, Carter SJ, Lonsdale DO, Cortina‐Borja M, Hung IF, Breuer J, Kloprogge F, Standing JF. Systematic Review and Patient-Level Meta-Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Dynamics to Model Response to Antiviral Therapies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:321-333. [PMID: 33641159 PMCID: PMC8014833 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral loads change rapidly following symptom onset, so to assess antivirals it is important to understand the natural history and patient factors influencing this. We undertook an individual patient-level meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in humans to describe viral dynamics and estimate the effects of antivirals used to date. This systematic review identified case reports, case series, and clinical trial data from publications between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards (Cox-PH) regression model of time to viral clearance was fitted to respiratory and stool samples. A simplified four parameter nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) model was fitted to viral load trajectories in all sampling sites and covariate modeling of respiratory viral dynamics was performed to quantify time-dependent drug effects. Patient-level data from 645 individuals (age 1 month to 100 years) with 6,316 viral loads were extracted. Model-based simulations of viral load trajectories in samples from the upper and lower respiratory tract, stool, blood, urine, ocular secretions, and breast milk were generated. Cox-PH modeling showed longer time to viral clearance in older patients, men, and those with more severe disease. Remdesivir was associated with faster viral clearance (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 9.19, P < 0.001), as well as interferon, particularly when combined with ribavirin (AHR = 2.2, P = 0.015; AHR = 6.04, P = 0.006). Combination therapy should be further investigated. A viral dynamic dataset and NLME model for designing and analyzing antiviral trials has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Gastine
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Juanita Pang
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Simon J. Carter
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dagan O. Lonsdale
- Department of Clinical PharmacologySt George’s University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Intensive CareSt George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Mario Cortina‐Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ivan F.N. Hung
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Judy Breuer
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Frank Kloprogge
- Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joseph F. Standing
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Ge X, Zhang Y, Huang F, Wu Y, Pang J, Li X, Fan F, Liu H, Li S. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor Almonertinib induces apoptosis and autophagy mediated by reactive oxygen species in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S49-S62. [PMID: 34219533 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Almonertinib, a new third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is highly selective to EGFR T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no available information on the form and molecular mechanism of Almonertinib-induced death in NSCLC cells. Herein, CCK-8 and colony formation assays, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and western blots assay showed that Almonertinib inhibited NSCLC cells growth and proliferation by inducing apoptosis and autophagy which can be inhibited by a broad spectrum of caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk or autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Importantly, Almonertinib-induced autophagy was cytoprotective in NSCLC cells, and the blockade of autophagy improved cell apoptosis. In addition, Almonertinib increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and clearance of ROS through pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited the decrease of cell viability, apoptosis and increase of LC3-II induced by Almonertinib. The results of Western blot showed that both EGFR activity and downstream signaling pathways were inhibited by Almonertinib. Taken together, these findings indicated that Almonertinib induced apoptosis and autophagy by promoting ROS production in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ge
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - F Huang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - J Pang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - X Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - F Fan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - H Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - S Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Jaltotage B, Pang J, Abraham A, Krishnan A, Chow B, Ihdayhid A, Mohd S, Watts G, Dwivedi G. Value Of Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics And Pericoronary Adipose Tissue In Predicting Outcomes In Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Should CCTA Be Carried Out In All Adult Patients With FH? J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Jaltotage B, Abraham A, Pang J, Krishnan A, Chow B, Ihdayhid A, Lu J, Watts G, Dwivedi G. Can We Predict High-risk Plaques In Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using Clinical Variables And Coronary Artery Calcium. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Q, Cen B, Huang W, Chen J, Chen Z, Pang J, Fu W, He S, Ji A. [Development and functional validation of a nano-delivery system of miR-16/polypeptide targeting ovarian cancer cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:736-746. [PMID: 34134962 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a nano-delivery system for targeted delivery of miR-16/polypeptide for enhancing cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer. OBJECTIVE R9-SS-R9 and cRGD-R9-SS-R9 peptides were synthesized and self-assembled with miR-16 molecules to form a nano-delivery system. The stability, particle size, potential and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis, particle size potentiometer and transmission electron microscopy. CCK-8 assay was used to assess the toxicity of the polypeptides in ovarian cancer cells. Stem loop qRT-PCR and living cell imaging were used to verify the uptake efficiency and intracellular distribution of the nanoparticles. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed to verify the effect of the nanoparticles for enhancing cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells and explore the possible mechanism. OBJECTIVE R9-SS-R9/miR-16 and cRGD-R9-SS-R9/miR-16 nanoparticles were successfully prepared. The nanoparticles, with a particle size below 150 nm, a dispersity index less than 0.1 and a potential of about 40 mV, showed a good serum stability. The polypeptide material had no obvious cytotoxicity. The miR-16/polypeptide nanoparticles could be efficiently absorbed by human ovarian cancer cells and were distributed in the cytoplasm. The nanoparticles significantly increased the intracellular expression level of miR-16 (P < 0.001) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and Chk-1 proteins in ovarian cancer cells, thus enabling miR-16 to promote apoptosis and enhance cisplatin sensitivity of the cells. OBJECTIVE We successfully prepared a miR-16/polypeptide nano-delivery system for targeted delivery of miR-16 to ovarian cancer cells for enhancing cisplatin sensitivity of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanhai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528200, China
| | - B Cen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - W Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Z Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - W Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - S He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - A Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanhai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan 528200, China
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Chakraborty A, Pang J, Chan D, Watts G. Cardiovascular and behavioural risk factors in families with elevated lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background/Introduction
Elevated lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] is an inherited and independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, it is an under detected condition with no specific therapy available at present for lowering Lp(a). Hence, identifying the distribution of modifiable cardiovascular and behavioural risk factors is important for implementing an effective intervention programme to mitigate the overall risk of ASCVD in high-risk individuals with elevated Lp(a).
Purpose
The primary aim was to describe and compare the distribution of modifiable cardiovascular and behavioural risk factors in both index cases and their relatives with elevated Lp(a) identified through cascade testing at the Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital.
Methods
We studied 51 index cases and 71 relatives cascade tested with elevated Lp(a) (≥0.5 g/L). Questionnaires were completed concerning aspects of cardiovascular health (cholesterol level, blood pressure and blood glucose level) and behavioural health metrics (diet, smoking, physical activity, body-mass-index [BMI]). Lp(a) was measured by an immunoassay having minimal dependence on apolipoprotein(a) isoform size. The health metrics were described as proportions and statistical analyses performed using Student’s t-test or Chi-square where appropriate.
Results
Compared with the index cases, a higher proportion of their affected relatives were female (62% vs 43%, p = 0.039), younger (43 years vs 53 years, p < 0.001) and had lower Lp(a) levels (1.03 g/L vs 1.12 g/L, p = 0.003). A lower proportion of the affected relatives were treated for dyslipidaemia (31% vs 96%, p < 0.001). The affected relatives also had a lower incidence of ASCVD events (3% vs 37%, p < 0.001), hypertension (21% vs 43%, p = 0.003), and lower HbA1c levels (5.3% vs 5.9%, p = 0.031) compared with index cases. Additionally, a larger proportion of the affected relatives had ideal cardiovascular health (35% vs 14%, p = 0.008) compared with their index cases. However, more than half of the index cases and their relatives did not maintain a healthy diet (59% and 69%, respectively) and an ideal BMI (68% and 59%, respectively).
Conclusion(s)
Although the younger affected relatives with elevated Lp(a) have a lower cardiovascular risk compared with the index cases, a focus on modifiable behavioural changes, such as a healthy diet and an ideal body weight, is still required to mitigate the overall risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Pang
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - D Chan
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - G Watts
- Royal Perth Hospital, Lipid Disorders Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Perth, Australia
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Jaltotage B, Pang J, Abraham A, Krishnan A, Chow B, Ihdayhid A, Mohd S, Watts G, Dwivedi G. Value of Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics and Pericoronary Adipose Tissue in Predicting Outcomes in Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Should CCTA be Carried out in all Adult Patients With FH? Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Jaltotage B, Abraham A, Pang J, Krishnan A, Chow B, Ihdayhid A, Lu J, Watts G, Dwivedi G. Can we Predict High-Risk Plaques in Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Using Clinical Variables and Coronary Artery Calcium? Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Pang J, Slyker JA, Roy S, Bryant J, Atkinson C, Cudini J, Farquhar C, Griffiths P, Kiarie J, Morfopoulou S, Roxby AC, Tutil H, Williams R, Gantt S, Goldstein RA, Breuer J. Mixed cytomegalovirus genotypes in HIV-positive mothers show compartmentalization and distinct patterns of transmission to infants. eLife 2020; 9:e63199. [PMID: 33382036 PMCID: PMC7806273 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the commonest cause of congenital infection and particularly so among infants born to HIV-infected women. Studies of congenital CMV infection (cCMVi) pathogenesis are complicated by the presence of multiple infecting maternal CMV strains, especially in HIV-positive women, and the large, recombinant CMV genome. Using newly developed tools to reconstruct CMV haplotypes, we demonstrate anatomic CMV compartmentalization in five HIV-infected mothers and identify the possibility of congenitally transmitted genotypes in three of their infants. A single CMV strain was transmitted in each congenitally infected case, and all were closely related to those that predominate in the cognate maternal cervix. Compared to non-transmitted strains, these congenitally transmitted CMV strains showed statistically significant similarities in 19 genes associated with tissue tropism and immunomodulation. In all infants, incident superinfections with distinct strains from breast milk were captured during follow-up. The results represent potentially important new insights into the virologic determinants of early CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Pang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Slyker
- Departments of Global Health and Epidemiology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sunando Roy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Josephine Bryant
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire Atkinson
- Institute of Immunology and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Juliana Cudini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Carey Farquhar
- Departments of Global Health, Epidemiology, Medicine (Div. Allergy and Infectious Diseases), University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Paul Griffiths
- Institute of Immunology and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James Kiarie
- University of Nairobi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, World Health OrganizationNairobiKenya
| | - Sofia Morfopoulou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison C Roxby
- Departments of Global Health, Epidemiology, Medicine (Div. Allergy and Infectious Diseases), University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Helena Tutil
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Williams
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Soren Gantt
- Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Montréal QCMontréalCanada
| | - Richard A Goldstein
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform BuildingLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Pang J, Boshier FAT, Alders N, Dixon G, Breuer J. SARS-CoV-2 Polymorphisms and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-019844. [PMID: 32907921 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-019844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Pang
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and.,Contributed equally as co-first authors
| | - Florencia A T Boshier
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and.,Contributed equally as co-first authors
| | | | - Garth Dixon
- Microbiology, Virology and Infection Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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32
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Ademi Z, Norman R, Pang J, Liew D, Zoungas S, Sijbrands E, Ference B, Wiegman A, Watts G. Health economic evaluation of screening and treating children with familial hypercholesterolemia early in life: many happy returns on investment? Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are no studies that have specifically investigated the cost-effectiveness of cascade screening of children for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and treatment of affected individuals with statins to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD).
Purpose
This study explores the cost-effectiveness of this strategy from the perspective of the Australian public healthcare system.
Methods
A lifetime Markov model with four health states (Alive without CHD, Alive with CHD, Dead from fatal CHD, and Dead from other causes) was developed to simulate the progression of ten- year-old children screened for FH and treated immediately with statins if found to have FH. The underlying prevalence of FH in this target population was assumed to be 56.8%, and the sensitivity and specificity of testing was 100%. The comparator was usual care, which assumed that subjects started statins spontaneously at a later point or when they experienced a cardiovascular event. The effect of reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the risk of a first event at each age assumed that risk was proportional to total lifetime exposure and was implemented using Mendelian randomisation analysis data. Cost and other outcome data were sourced from published sources. Outcome of interests were costs in Australian dollars (AUD), life years gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, as well as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of costs per LYG and per QALY gained. All future costs and outcomes were discounted by 5% annually.
Results
Undiscounted results showed that compared with usual care, cascade screening of ten year-old children for FH and initiation of treatment of affected individuals saved 7.77 LYG and 7.53 QALYs per person over a lifetime. With 5% annual discounting, there were 0.97 LYG and 1.07 QALYs gained per person, at an additional cost of $3,244. These equated to ICERs of $3334 per LYG and $3023 per QALY gained. The equivalent ICERs in USD would be $5089 per LYG gained and $4615 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analysis showed the results to be robust.
Conclusions
Compared to usual care, cascade screening of ten year old children for FH and treating affected individuals is likely to be highly cost-effective.
Table 1. Granular cost and benefit data
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ademi
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Norman
- Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - J Pang
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - D Liew
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Zoungas
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Sijbrands
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - B.A Ference
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Wiegman
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - G Watts
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Jiang D, Liu H, Zhu G, Li X, Fan L, Yu Z, Wang S, Rhen J, Yin Y, Gu Y, Xu X, Fisher E, Ge J, Xu Y, Pang J. PHACTR1, a pro-atherosclerotic mechanosensitive PPARgamma corepressor in endothelial cells. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Numerous genome-wide association studies revealed that SNPs at phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) locus are strongly correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the mechanism linking these variants to CAD remains uncertain.
Purpose
We studied the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of PHACTR1 in atherosclerosis.
Methods and results
Analysis of GTEx database showed that CAD-related SNPs in PHACTR1 are cis-eQTLs for PHACTR1 in arteries. Therefore, we generated Phactr1 knockout mice and crossed them with apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice to induce atherosclerosis by high-fat/high-cholesterol (HF-HC) diet. Phactr1 deficiency significantly inhibited atherosclerosis with decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Western blot showed that PHACTR1 was restricted to endothelial cells (ECs) in mice. Mechanistically, RNAseq of aortic ECs revealed that the major molecular function of PHACTR1 was transcriptional regulation. PPARγ/RXRα was the top transcription factor, and PPARγ target gene expression substantially increased in Phactr1−/− mice. Moreover, we generated endothelial cell specific Phactr1−/−, ApoE−/− mice and found decreased atherosclerotic plaque area in aortic sinus. In vitro, PHACTR1 associated with PPARγ and inhibited PPARγ transcriptional activity. The inhibitory effect of PHACTR1 on PPARγ required its shuttling from cytosol to nucleus triggered by disturbed flow, a well-established pro-atherosclerotic stimulus.
Conclusion
Our results identified PHACTR1 as a mechanosensitive corepressor of PPARγ in ECs to promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial PHACTR1 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jiang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - H Liu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - G Zhu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - L Fan
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Yu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
| | - J Rhen
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Y Yin
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Gu
- Shanghai Naturethink Life Science&Technology Co., Itd, Shanghai, China
| | - X Xu
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
| | - E Fisher
- New York University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - J Ge
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Xu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J Pang
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
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34
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Li L, Tang S, Yin J, Pang J, Bao H, Ge H, Liu Y, Wang J, Dong L, Mu D, Yuan S, Wu X, Wang X, Shao Y, Yu J, Yuan S. Molecular Biomarkers for Chemoradiotherapy Response in Unresectable Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kaptein SJF, Jacobs S, Langendries L, Seldeslachts L, Ter Horst S, Liesenborghs L, Hens B, Vergote V, Heylen E, Barthelemy K, Maas E, De Keyzer C, Bervoets L, Rymenants J, Van Buyten T, Zhang X, Abdelnabi R, Pang J, Williams R, Thibaut HJ, Dallmeier K, Boudewijns R, Wouters J, Augustijns P, Verougstraete N, Cawthorne C, Breuer J, Solas C, Weynand B, Annaert P, Spriet I, Vande Velde G, Neyts J, Rocha-Pereira J, Delang L. Favipiravir at high doses has potent antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, whereas hydroxychloroquine lacks activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26955-26965. [PMID: 33037151 PMCID: PMC7604414 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014441117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread around the globe after its emergence in Wuhan in December 2019. With no specific therapeutic and prophylactic options available, the virus has infected millions of people of which more than half a million succumbed to the viral disease, COVID-19. The urgent need for an effective treatment together with a lack of small animal infection models has led to clinical trials using repurposed drugs without preclinical evidence of their in vivo efficacy. We established an infection model in Syrian hamsters to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules on both infection and transmission. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters with a low dose of favipiravir or hydroxychloroquine with(out) azithromycin resulted in, respectively, a mild or no reduction in virus levels. However, high doses of favipiravir significantly reduced infectious virus titers in the lungs and markedly improved lung histopathology. Moreover, a high dose of favipiravir decreased virus transmission by direct contact, whereas hydroxychloroquine failed as prophylaxis. Pharmacokinetic modeling of hydroxychloroquine suggested that the total lung exposure to the drug did not cause the failure. Our data on hydroxychloroquine (together with previous reports in macaques and ferrets) thus provide no scientific basis for the use of this drug in COVID-19 patients. In contrast, the results with favipiravir demonstrate that an antiviral drug at nontoxic doses exhibits a marked protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 in a small animal model. Clinical studies are required to assess whether a similar antiviral effect is achievable in humans without toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J F Kaptein
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Sofie Jacobs
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lana Langendries
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Seldeslachts
- Biomedical MRI and Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Ter Horst
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Hens
- Drug Delivery & Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karine Barthelemy
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 190, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1207, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Elke Maas
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Keyzer
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Bervoets
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper Rymenants
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tina Van Buyten
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juanita Pang
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Williams
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbert Boudewijns
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Wouters
- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery & Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Verougstraete
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Breuer
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Solas
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Unité des Virus Emergents, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 190, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1207, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery & Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI and Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Leen Delang
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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Edelman R, Leloudas N, Pang J, Bailes J, Merrell R, Koktzoglou I. Twofold improved tumor-to-brain contrast using a novel T1 relaxation-enhanced steady-state (T 1RESS) MRI technique. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/44/eabd1635. [PMID: 33115747 PMCID: PMC7608787 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A technique that provides more accurate cancer detection would be of great value. Toward this end, we developed T1 relaxation-enhanced steady-state (T1RESS), a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence that enables the flexible modulation of T1 weighting and provides the unique feature that intravascular signals can be toggled on and off in contrast-enhanced scans. T1RESS makes it possible to effectively use an MRI technique with improved signal-to-noise ratio efficiency for cancer imaging. In a proof-of-concept study, "dark blood" unbalanced T1RESS provided a twofold improvement in tumor-to-brain contrast compared with standard techniques, whereas balanced T1RESS greatly enhanced vascular detail. In conclusion, T1RESS represents a new MRI technique with substantial potential value for cancer imaging, along with a broad range of other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Edelman
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine, 251 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - N Leloudas
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - J Pang
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., 737 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - J Bailes
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 924 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - R Merrell
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 924 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - I Koktzoglou
- Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 924 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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van Dorp L, Acman M, Richard D, Shaw LP, Ford CE, Ormond L, Owen CJ, Pang J, Tan CCS, Boshier FAT, Ortiz AT, Balloux F. Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 83:104351. [PMID: 32387564 PMCID: PMC7199730 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a SARS-like coronavirus of likely zoonotic origin first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. The virus has since spread globally, resulting in the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The first whole genome sequence was published on January 5 2020, and thousands of genomes have been sequenced since this date. This resource allows unprecedented insights into the past demography of SARS-CoV-2 but also monitoring of how the virus is adapting to its novel human host, providing information to direct drug and vaccine design. We curated a dataset of 7666 public genome assemblies and analysed the emergence of genomic diversity over time. Our results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host. Due to extensive transmission, the genetic diversity of the virus in several countries recapitulates a large fraction of its worldwide genetic diversity. We identify regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome that have remained largely invariant to date, and others that have already accumulated diversity. By focusing on mutations which have emerged independently multiple times (homoplasies), we identify 198 filtered recurrent mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Nearly 80% of the recurrent mutations produced non-synonymous changes at the protein level, suggesting possible ongoing adaptation of SARS-CoV-2. Three sites in Orf1ab in the regions encoding Nsp6, Nsp11, Nsp13, and one in the Spike protein are characterised by a particularly large number of recurrent mutations (>15 events) which may signpost convergent evolution and are of particular interest in the context of adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. We additionally provide an interactive user-friendly web-application to query the alignment of the 7666 SARS-CoV-2 genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy van Dorp
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Mislav Acman
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Damien Richard
- Cirad, UMR PVBMT, F-97410, St Pierre, Réunion, France; Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, F-97490, St Denis, Réunion, France
| | - Liam P Shaw
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Charlotte E Ford
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Louise Ormond
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Juanita Pang
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cedric C S Tan
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Arturo Torres Ortiz
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - François Balloux
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Abstract
Menopause-related symptoms are common problems of middle-aged women that can seriously affect their quality of life. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) for climacteric symptoms is the first choice recommended by the International Menopause Society and likewise by other societies and institutions covering this field. However, non-hormonal therapies can be an alternative effective option, especially for women who are not suitable for MHT. Acupuncture is one of the most important methods. With deepening experience of the use of traditional Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion in the improvement of menopause symptoms, more clinical evidence has been obtained to support the effectiveness and safety of this treatment concept that is very often used in China. This review summarizes the evidence for effective treatment of climacteric complaints by acupuncture in recent years, shares the clinical experience of the authors of this review, all of whom head or work in units with daily large numbers of outpatients, and includes, in particular, results from studies performed in the Department of Acupuncture--Moxibustion of Tsinghua University Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China. In addition, there is a summary about the safety of acupuncture treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qin
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tsinghua University Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Ruan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital and Research Centre for Women's Health, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - R Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tsinghua University Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Pang
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tsinghua University Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - G Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tsinghua University Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Hu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tsinghua University Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
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Pang J, Nguyen N, Finegersh A, Ren S, Birmingham A, Xu G, Fisch K, Bafna V, Califano J. Long-read RNA-Seq of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck cancer reveals novel alternatively spliced viral RNA isoforms. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang X, Chen X, Zhang H, Pang J, Lin J, Xu X, Yang L, Ma J, Ling W, Chen Y. Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with the development and regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes & Metabolism 2020; 46:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li Q, Chen Q, Zhang H, Xu Z, Wang X, Pang J, Ma J, Ling W, Li D. Associations of serum magnesium levels and calcium-magnesium ratios with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Metab 2019; 46:384-391. [PMID: 31870835 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Low magnesium (Mg) and high calcium (Ca) levels are linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the general population. This prospective study assessed whether there are any independent associations of serum Mg levels and Ca-Mg ratios with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS This prospective cohort study included 3380 CAD patients. Cox regression models were used to estimate associations of serum Mg and Ca-Mg ratio with risk of mortality. RESULTS A total of 562 deaths (331 due to CVD) were recorded during a 7.59-year (median) follow-up. Spline plots displayed U-shaped associations between serum Mg levels and Ca-Mg ratios and risk of mortality. When compared with a moderate group, adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for low Mg levels and high Ca-Mg ratios were 1.59 (1.30-1.95) and 1.31 (1.06-1.61) for all-cause mortality, and 1.71 (1.32-2.22) and 1.44 (1.09-1.89) for CVD mortality, respectively. There was also a tendency to increase risk of mortality in patients with high serum Mg levels and low Ca-Mg ratios. Associations of low serum Mg and high Ca-Mg ratio with risk of mortality did not change when stratified by gender, body mass index, CAD type, estimated glomerular filtration rate, use of diuretics, or history of diabetes or hypertension. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a moderate Ca-Mg ratio (range: 3.91-4.70) had the lowest mortality risk, and that low serum Mg and high Ca-Mg ratio were independent risk factors of mortality in CAD patients. Nevertheless, the optimal dose-response of Mg and Ca for mitigating CAD risk still requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - J Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - J Ma
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - W Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Centre of Nutrition Transformation, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - D Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74, Zhongshan Rd 2, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Centre of Nutrition Transformation, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Li L, Zhang LP, Han YC, Wang WY, Jin Y, Xia QX, Liu YP, Xiang J, Liu C, Lu SS, Wu W, Chen Z, Pang J, Xi YF, Zheng YS, Gu DM, Fan J, Chang XN, Wang WW, Wang L, Zhang ZH, Yan XC, Sun Y, Li J, Hou F, Zhang JY, Huang RF, Lu JP, Wang Z, Hu YB, Yuan HT, Dong YJ, Wang L, Ke ZY, Geng JS, Guo L, Zhang J, Ying JM. [Consistency of ALK Ventana-D5F3 immunohistochemistry interpretation in lung adenocarcinoma among Chinese histopathologists]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2019; 48:921-927. [PMID: 31818064 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the consistency of ALK Ventana-D5F3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) interpretation in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma among histopathologists from different hospitals, and to recommend solution for the problems found during the interpretation of ALK IHC in real world, with the aim of the precise selection of patients who can benefit from ALK targeted therapy. Methods: This was a multicenter and retrospective study. A total of 109 lung adenocarcinoma cases with ALK Ventana-D5F3 IHC staining were collected from 31 lung cancer centers in RATICAL research group from January to June in 2018. All cases were scanned into digital imaging with Ventana iSCANcoreo Digital Slide Scanning System and scored by 31 histopathologists from different centers according to ALK binary (positive or negative) interpretation based on its manufacturer's protocol. The cases with high inconsistency rate were further analyzed using FISH/RT-PCR/NGS. Results: There were 49 ALK positive cases and 60 ALK negative cases, confirmed by re-evaluation by the specialist panel. Two cases (No. 2302 and No.2701) scored as positive by local hospitals were rescored as negative, and were confirmed to be negative by RT-PCR/FISH/NGS. The false interpretation rate of these two cases was 58.1% (18/31) and 48.4% (15/31), respectively. Six out of 31 (19.4%) pathologists got 100% accuracy. The minimum consistency between every two pathologists was 75.8%.At least one pathologist gave negative judgement (false negative) or positive judgement (false positive) in the 49 positive or 60 negative cases, accounted for 26.5% (13/49), 41.7% (25/60), respectively, with at least one uncertainty interpretation accounted for 31.2% (34/109). Conclusion: There are certain heterogeneities and misclassifications in the real world interpretation of ALK-D5F3 IHC test, which need to be guided by the oncoming expert consensus based on the real world data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L P Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y C Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - W Y Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Q X Xia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Y P Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - J Xiang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S S Lu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - W Wu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - J Pang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y F Xi
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y S Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - D M Gu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - X N Chang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - W W Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Z H Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - X C Yan
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - F Hou
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R F Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J P Lu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Y B Hu
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - H T Yuan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Y J Dong
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Y Ke
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - J S Geng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J M Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhong Z, Yang X, Tao X, Chen X, He Z, Yang Y, Zeng K, Kang R, Gong J, Ying S, Lei Y, Pang J, Lv X, Gu Y. Comparison of microRNAs in adipose and muscle tissue from seven indigenous Chinese breeds and Yorkshire pigs. Anim Genet 2019; 50:439-448. [PMID: 31328299 DOI: 10.1111/age.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the pig microRNAome is essential for interpreting functional elements of the genome and understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits. Here, we extracted small RNAs from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and we compared their expression levels between one Western breed (Yorkshire) and seven indigenous Chinese breeds. We detected the expression of 172 known porcine microRNAs (miRNAs) and 181 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis found 92 and 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in adipose and muscle tissue respectively. We found that different Chinese breeds shared common directional miRNA expression changes compared to Yorkshire pigs. Some miRNAs differentially expressed across multiple Chinese breeds, including ssc-miR-129-5p, ssc-miR-30 and ssc-miR-150, are involved in adipose tissue function. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs are associated mainly with signaling pathways rather than metabolic and biosynthetic processes. The miRNA-target gene and miRNA-phenotypic traits networks identified many hub miRNAs that regulate a large number of target genes or phenotypic traits. Specifically, we found that intramuscular fat content is regulated by the greatest number of miRNAs in muscle tissue. This study provides valuable new candidate miRNAs that will aid in the improvement of meat quality and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - Y Wang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - L Ma
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610052, Sichuan Province China
| | - Z Zhong
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - X Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - X Tao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - X Chen
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - Z He
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - Y Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - K Zeng
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - R Kang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - J Gong
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - S Ying
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - Y Lei
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - J Pang
- Chengdu Biotechservice Institute, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - X Lv
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
| | - Y Gu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan Province China
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Thomas C, Stevens R, West L, Oliver E, Pang J, Griffiths H. Performance evaluation of the VITROS® TSH3* assay on the VITROS® 5600/XT7600 integrated and VITROS® 3600 and ECI/ECIQ immunodiagnostic systems. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun X, Dai X, Pang J, Zhao Y, Ou T, Ma B. CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF METRONOMIC CHEMOTHERAPY COMBINED WITH CLEARING HEAT AND DETOXICATING TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE IN THE TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY AND RELAPSED ELDERLY LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.123_2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Sun
- Hematology Dept; Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM; Nanjing China
| | - X. Dai
- Hematology Dept; Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM; Nanjing China
| | - J. Pang
- Hematology Dept; Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM; Nanjing China
| | - Y. Zhao
- Hematology Dept; Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM; Nanjing China
| | - T. Ou
- Hematology Dept; Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM; Nanjing China
| | - B. Ma
- Hematology Dept; Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM; Nanjing China
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Pang J, Li CR, Zhao R, Nie TY, Li GQ, Lu X, Hu XX, Wang XK, Yang XY, You XF. Simplified LC-MS/MS method for quantification of IG-105, a novel tubulin ligand, and its application to the pharmacokinetic study in rats at the anticancer effective dose. Pharmazie 2019; 74:79-82. [PMID: 30782255 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2019.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
IG-105, N-(2, 6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-9-methylcarbazole-3-sulfonamide, a novel carbazole sulfonamide, shows a potent anticancer activity in a variety of human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, a rapid and convenient liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of IG-105 in rats. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (56:44:0.2, v/v/v). The ion transitions of IG-105 and combretastatin A4 (internal standard) in selected reaction monitoring mode were m/z 398→154 and m/z 317→286, respectively. The assay exhibited good linearity over the range of 2-512 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions were within 8.2 %, and the accuracies ranged from -6.0 to 3.7 %. The extraction recoveries were higher than 90 %, and the matrix effects were negligible. All quality control samples were stable at different storage conditions. The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of IG-105 in rats after a single oral dose of 100, 250, or 1000 mg/kg which showed tumor growth inhibition activity. The absorption of IG-105 was proved to be rapid but saturated to a certain extent into the blood circulation, from where it was distributed and eliminated gradually.
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Gu YL, Pang J, Song JF, Cheng C, Sun ZX. [Efficacy and safety of anti-interleukin-5 therapy in patients with asthma: systematic reviews]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019; 40:835-844. [PMID: 29320831 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-Interleukin-5 therapy in patients with asthma. Methods: Data were collected from PubMed, E-Mbase, Springer, Ovid, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI and Wanfang database (-Feb 2017). Bibliographies of the retrieved articles were checked and analyzed. Results: Twenty publications involving a total of 6 406 patients were used in the analysis, including 23 randomly controlled trials (RCTs) which compared anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody with placebo. Pooled analyses showed that anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced exacerbation risk [RR=0.66, 95%CI(0.59, 0.73)], increased FEV(1)[MD=0.10, 95%CI(0.07, 0.13)] and FEV(1)% predicted [MD=3.90, 95%CI(1.86, 5.95)], and improved the scores on the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) [MD=0.24, 95%CI(0.16, 0.32)]. Anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody was also associated with significantly decreased risk of adverse events than placebo[OR=0.71, 95%CI(0.58, 0.87)]. Conclusion: Anti-interleukin 5 monoclonal antibody reduces the risk of exacerbations and improves quality of life in patients with asthma, and is tolerated well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
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Vargas García C, Pang J, Watts G. Predictors of a Coronary Artery Calcium Score of Zero in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lu J, Zheng M, Kong R, Pang J, Zhu X. Enhancing Solubility of Candesartan Cilexetil by Co-milling; Preparation of Candesartan Cilexetil-glycyrrhizic Acid Composite. Indian J Pharm Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ellis K, Pang J, Watts G. Errors in the imputation of LDL-cholesterol when making a phenotypic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia in drug treated patients. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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