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Choi E, Luo SJ, Ding VY, Wu JT, Kumar AV, Wampfler J, Tammemägi MC, Wilkens LR, Aredo JV, Backhus LM, Neal JW, Leung AN, Freedman ND, Hung RJ, Amos CI, Marchand LL, Cheng I, Wakelee HA, Yang P, Han SS. Risk model-based management for second primary lung cancer among lung cancer survivors through a validated risk prediction model. Cancer 2024; 130:770-780. [PMID: 37877788 PMCID: PMC10922086 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent therapeutic advances and screening technologies have improved survival among patients with lung cancer, who are now at high risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). Recently, an SPLC risk-prediction model (called SPLC-RAT) was developed and validated using data from population-based epidemiological cohorts and clinical trials, but real-world validation has been lacking. The predictive performance of SPLC-RAT was evaluated in a hospital-based cohort of lung cancer survivors. METHODS The authors analyzed data from 8448 ever-smoking patients diagnosed with initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) in 1997-2006 at Mayo Clinic, with each patient followed for SPLC through 2018. The predictive performance of SPLC-RAT and further explored the potential of improving SPLC detection through risk model-based surveillance using SPLC-RAT versus existing clinical surveillance guidelines. RESULTS Of 8448 IPLC patients, 483 (5.7%) developed SPLC over 26,470 person-years. The application of SPLC-RAT showed high discrimination area under the receiver operating characteristics curve: 0.81). When the cohort was stratified by a 10-year risk threshold of ≥5.6% (i.e., 80th percentile from the SPLC-RAT development cohort), the observed SPLC incidence was significantly elevated in the high-risk versus low-risk subgroup (13.1% vs. 1.1%, p < 1 × 10-6 ). The risk-based surveillance through SPLC-RAT (≥5.6% threshold) outperformed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines with higher sensitivity (86.4% vs. 79.4%) and specificity (38.9% vs. 30.4%) and required 20% fewer computed tomography follow-ups needed to detect one SPLC (162 vs. 202). CONCLUSION In a large, hospital-based cohort, the authors validated the predictive performance of SPLC-RAT in identifying high-risk survivors of SPLC and showed its potential to improve SPLC detection through risk-based surveillance. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Lung cancer survivors have a high risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). However, no evidence-based guidelines for SPLC surveillance are available for lung cancer survivors. Recently, an SPLC risk-prediction model was developed and validated using data from population-based epidemiological cohorts and clinical trials, but real-world validation has been lacking. Using a large, real-world cohort of lung cancer survivors, we showed the high predictive accuracy and risk-stratification ability of the SPLC risk-prediction model. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential to enhance efficiency in detecting SPLC using risk model-based surveillance strategies compared to the existing consensus-based clinical guidelines, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Choi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sophia J. Luo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Julie T. Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashok V. Kumar
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jason Wampfler
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martin C. Tammemägi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Leah M. Backhus
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joel W. Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ann N. Leung
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather A. Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Summer S. Han
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Fries AH, Choi E, Wu JT, Lee JH, Ding VY, Huang RJ, Liang SY, Wakelee HA, Wilkens LR, Cheng I, Han SS. Software Application Profile: dynamicLM-a tool for performing dynamic risk prediction using a landmark supermodel for survival data under competing risks. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1984-1989. [PMID: 37670428 PMCID: PMC10749764 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Providing a dynamic assessment of prognosis is essential for improved personalized medicine. The landmark model for survival data provides a potentially powerful solution to the dynamic prediction of disease progression. However, a general framework and a flexible implementation of the model that incorporates various outcomes, such as competing events, have been lacking. We present an R package, dynamicLM, a user-friendly tool for the landmark model for the dynamic prediction of survival data under competing risks, which includes various functions for data preparation, model development, prediction and evaluation of predictive performance. IMPLEMENTATION dynamicLM as an R package. GENERAL FEATURES The package includes options for incorporating time-varying covariates, capturing time-dependent effects of predictors and fitting a cause-specific landmark model for time-to-event data with or without competing risks. Tools for evaluating the prediction performance include time-dependent area under the ROC curve, Brier Score and calibration. AVAILABILITY Available on GitHub [https://github.com/thehanlab/dynamicLM].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya H Fries
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eunji Choi
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie T Wu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Justin H Lee
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Y Ding
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Su-Ying Liang
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Summer S Han
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Choi E, Ding VY, Luo SJ, ten Haaf K, Wu JT, Aredo JV, Wilkens LR, Freedman ND, Backhus LM, Leung AN, Meza R, Lui NS, Haiman CA, Park SSL, Le Marchand L, Neal JW, Cheng I, Wakelee HA, Tammemägi MC, Han SS. Risk Model-Based Lung Cancer Screening and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the US. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:1640-1648. [PMID: 37883107 PMCID: PMC10603577 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance The revised 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for lung cancer screening have been shown to reduce disparities in screening eligibility and performance between African American and White individuals vs the 2013 guidelines. However, potential disparities across other racial and ethnic groups in the US remain unknown. Risk model-based screening may reduce racial and ethnic disparities and improve screening performance, but neither validation of key risk prediction models nor their screening performance has been examined by race and ethnicity. Objective To validate and recalibrate the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial 2012 (PLCOm2012) model-a well-established risk prediction model based on a predominantly White population-across races and ethnicities in the US and evaluate racial and ethnic disparities and screening performance through risk-based screening using PLCOm2012 vs the USPSTF 2021 criteria. Design, Setting, and Participants In a population-based cohort design, the Multiethnic Cohort Study enrolled participants in 1993-1996, followed up through December 31, 2018. Data analysis was conducted from April 1, 2022, to May 19. 2023. A total of 105 261 adults with a smoking history were included. Exposures The 6-year lung cancer risk was calculated through recalibrated PLCOm2012 (ie, PLCOm2012-Update) and screening eligibility based on a 6-year risk threshold greater than or equal to 1.3%, yielding similar eligibility as the USPSTF 2021 guidelines. Outcomes Predictive accuracy, screening eligibility-incidence (E-I) ratio (ie, ratio of the number of eligible to incident cases), and screening performance (sensitivity, specificity, and number needed to screen to detect 1 lung cancer). Results Of 105 261 participants (60 011 [57.0%] men; mean [SD] age, 59.8 [8.7] years), consisting of 19 258 (18.3%) African American, 27 227 (25.9%) Japanese American, 21 383 (20.3%) Latino, 8368 (7.9%) Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, and 29 025 (27.6%) White individuals, 1464 (1.4%) developed lung cancer within 6 years from enrollment. The PLCOm2012-Update showed good predictive accuracy across races and ethnicities (area under the curve, 0.72-0.82). The USPSTF 2021 criteria yielded a large disparity among African American individuals, whose E-I ratio was 53% lower vs White individuals (E-I ratio: 9.5 vs 20.3; P < .001). Under the risk-based screening (PLCOm2012-Update 6-year risk ≥1.3%), the disparity between African American and White individuals was substantially reduced (E-I ratio: 15.9 vs 18.4; P < .001), with minimal disparities observed in persons of other minoritized groups, including Japanese American, Latino, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander. Risk-based screening yielded superior overall and race and ethnicity-specific performance to the USPSTF 2021 criteria, with higher overall sensitivity (67.2% vs 57.7%) and lower number needed to screen (26 vs 30) at similar specificity (76.6%). Conclusions The findings of this cohort study suggest that risk-based lung cancer screening can reduce racial and ethnic disparities and improve screening performance across races and ethnicities vs the USPSTF 2021 criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Choi
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Victoria Y. Ding
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sophia J. Luo
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin ten Haaf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julie T. Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leah M. Backhus
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ann N. Leung
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Natalie S. Lui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Sung-Shim Lani Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Joel W. Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Heather A. Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Martin C. Tammemägi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Summer S. Han
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Choi E, Su CC, Wu JT, Aredo JV, Neal JW, Leung AN, Backhus LM, Lui NS, Le Marchand L, Stram DO, Liang SY, Cheng I, Wakelee HA, Han SS. Second Primary Lung Cancer Among Lung Cancer Survivors Who Never Smoked. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2343278. [PMID: 37966839 PMCID: PMC10652150 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Lung cancer among never-smokers accounts for 25% of all lung cancers in the US; recent therapeutic advances have improved survival among patients with initial primary lung cancer (IPLC), who are now at high risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). As smoking rates continue to decline in the US, it is critical to examine more closely the epidemiology of lung cancer among patients who never smoked, including their risk for SPLC. Objective To estimate and compare the cumulative SPLC incidence among lung cancer survivors who have never smoked vs those who have ever smoked. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based prospective cohort study used data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), which enrolled participants between April 18, 1993, and December 31, 1996, with follow-up through July 1, 2017. Eligible individuals for this study were aged 45 to 75 years and had complete smoking data at baseline. These participants were followed up for IPLC and further SPLC development through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. The data were analyzed from July 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. Exposures Never-smoking vs ever-smoking exposure at MEC enrollment. Main Outcomes and Measures The study had 2 primary outcomes: (1) 10-year cumulative incidence of IPLC in the entire study cohort and 10-year cumulative incidence of SPLC among patients with IPLC and (2) standardized incidence ratio (SIR) (calculated as the SPLC incidence divided by the IPLC incidence) by smoking history. Results Among 211 414 MEC participants, 7161 (3.96%) developed IPLC over 4 038 007 person-years, and 163 (2.28%) developed SPLC over 16 470 person-years. Of the participants with IPLC, the mean (SD) age at cohort enrollment was 63.6 (7.7) years, 4031 (56.3%) were male, and 3131 (43.7%) were female. The 10-year cumulative IPLC incidence was 2.40% (95% CI, 2.31%-2.49%) among ever-smokers, which was 7 times higher than never-smokers (0.34%; 95% CI, 0.30%-0.37%). However, the 10-year cumulative SPLC incidence following IPLC was as high among never-smokers (2.84%; 95% CI, 1.50%-4.18%) as ever-smokers (2.72%; 95% CI, 2.24%-3.20%), which led to a substantially higher SIR for never-smokers (14.50; 95% CI, 8.73-22.65) vs ever-smokers (3.50; 95% CI, 2.95-4.12). Conclusions and Relevance The findings indicate that SPLC risk among lung cancer survivors who never smoked is as high as among those with IPLC who ever-smoked, highlighting the need to identify risk factors for SPLC among patients who never smoked and to develop a targeted surveillance strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Choi
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chloe C. Su
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julie T. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Joel W. Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Ann N. Leung
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leah M. Backhus
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Natalie S. Lui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Su-Ying Liang
- Sutter Health, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Heather A. Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Summer S. Han
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Su CC, Wu JT, Choi E, Myall NJ, Neal JW, Kurian AW, Stehr H, Wood D, Henry SM, Backhus LM, Leung AN, Wakelee HA, Han SS. Overall Survival Among Patients With De Novo Stage IV Metastatic and Distant Metastatic Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2335813. [PMID: 37751203 PMCID: PMC10523163 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.35813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Despite recent breakthroughs in therapy, advanced lung cancer still poses a therapeutic challenge. The survival profile of patients with metastatic lung cancer remains poorly understood by metastatic disease type (ie, de novo stage IV vs distant recurrence). Objective To evaluate the association of metastatic disease type on overall survival (OS) among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to identify potential mechanisms underlying any survival difference. Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort study of a national US population based at a tertiary referral center in the San Francisco Bay Area using participant data from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) who were enrolled between 2002 and 2004 and followed up for up to 7 years as the primary cohort and patient data from Stanford Healthcare (SHC) for diagnoses between 2009 and 2019 and followed up for up to 13 years as the validation cohort. Participants from NLST with de novo metastatic or distant recurrent NSCLC diagnoses were included. Data were analyzed from January 2021 to March 2023. Exposures De novo stage IV vs distant recurrent metastatic disease. Main Outcomes and Measures OS after diagnosis of metastatic disease. Results The NLST and SHC cohort consisted of 660 and 180 participants, respectively (411 men [62.3%] vs 109 men [60.6%], 602 White participants [91.2%] vs 111 White participants [61.7%], and mean [SD] age of 66.8 [5.5] vs 71.4 [7.9] years at metastasis, respectively). Patients with distant recurrence showed significantly better OS than patients with de novo metastasis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.87; P < .001) in NLST, which was replicated in SHC (aHR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.96; P = .03). In SHC, patients with de novo metastasis more frequently progressed to the bone (63 patients with de novo metastasis [52.5%] vs 19 patients with distant recurrence [31.7%]) or pleura (40 patients with de novo metastasis [33.3%] vs 8 patients with distant recurrence [13.3%]) than patients with distant recurrence and were primarily detected through symptoms (102 patients [85.0%]) as compared with posttreatment surveillance (47 patients [78.3%]) in the latter. The main finding remained consistent after further adjusting for metastasis sites and detection methods. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, patients with distant recurrent NSCLC had significantly better OS than those with de novo disease, and the latter group was associated with characteristics that may affect overall survival. This finding can help inform future clinical trial designs to ensure a balance for baseline patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C. Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julie T. Wu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Eunji Choi
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nathaniel J. Myall
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joel W. Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Allison W. Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Henning Stehr
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Douglas Wood
- Research Informatics Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Solomon M. Henry
- Research Informatics Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leah M. Backhus
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ann N. Leung
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Heather A. Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Summer S. Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Wu JT, Leung GM, Leung WK. Risk prediction analytics for the Hong Kong Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29 Suppl 3:27-32. [PMID: 37357588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J T Wu
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - G M Leung
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W K Leung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Choi E, Lee J, Wu JT, Wakelee HA, Schapira L, Kurian AW, Han SS. Abstract P055: Risk factors for second primary lung cancer among breast cancer survivors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.precprev22-p055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the U.S. As survival in breast cancer has improved, one of the key clinical problems in breast cancer survivors is the increased risk of second cancers. Over half (55%) of breast cancer survivors die from second cancers, of which lung cancer (i.e., second primary lung cancer [SPLC]) is the most frequent type. While smoking and radiotherapy have been identified as the risk factors for SPLC among breast cancer survivors, other potential factors (e.g., comorbidity, and medication) have been underexamined. In addition, women in general have shown higher susceptibility to smoking-induced lung cancer than men, suggesting the potential involvement of hormonal factors; however, the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on lung cancer risk has been controversial and has never been examined among breast cancer survivors. We aimed to examine the factors associated with SPLC risk among breast cancer survivors, focusing on the effect of HRT and its interaction with smoking. We also explored the potential of tailored risk-based management of SPLC for breast cancer survivors. Methods: We identified 5,552 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in 1993-2014 from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. SPLC was defined as a newly diagnosed lung cancer after 6 months from the time of breast cancer diagnosis. We applied multivariable cause-specific Cox regression to identify new factors associated with SPLC risk, adjusting for multiple testing using the Bonferroni method (P<0.01). We developed a prediction model to predict a 5-year risk of SPLC among breast cancer survivors that included both ever- and never-smokers and evaluated the predictive accuracy vs. a well-established lung cancer risk model, PLCOm2012, that was developed for a cancer-free population who ever smoked. Results: Of 5,552 patients, 89 (1.6%) developed SPLC over 102,545 person-years. Several factors measured at baseline in PLCO were significantly associated with SPLC risk among breast cancer survivors, including liver comorbidity (Hazard Ratio [HR] 3.28; P<.001), prior history of other cancer (HR 2.02; P=0.01), and regular use of ibuprofen (HR 0.52; P=0.01). In addition, ever-use of HRT was associated with a 51% reduction in SPLC risk (HR 0.49; P=0.001). The effect of active smoking on SPLC risk vs non-active smoking (HR 7.09; P<.001) was validated in PLCO. Notably, the effect of active smoking was intensified among ever-HRT users (HR=10.5; P<.001) vs. never-HRT users (HR 4.1; P<.001), thus showing a significant interaction (Pinteraction=0.003). The prediction model for SPLC risk was validated through bootstrap and demonstrated higher discrimination (AUC 0.83) vs. the PLCOm2012 model (AUC 0.79). Conclusions: In a large prospective cohort of breast cancer survivors, smoking and HRT use showed a significant interaction on SPLC risk. The prediction model for SPLC could identify high-risk survivors for SPLC for tailored surveillance to improve the management of breast cancer survivors.
Citation Format: Eunji Choi, Justin Lee, Julie T. Wu, Heather A. Wakelee, Lidia Schapira, Allison W. Kurian, Summer S. Han. Risk factors for second primary lung cancer among breast cancer survivors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Choi
- 1Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,
| | - Justin Lee
- 1Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,
| | - Julie T. Wu
- 2Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Heather A. Wakelee
- 2Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lidia Schapira
- 2Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Allison W. Kurian
- 2Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Summer S. Han
- 1Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,
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8
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Elkrief A, Wu JT, Jani C, Enriquez KT, Glover M, Shah MR, Shaikh HG, Beeghly-Fadiel A, French B, Jhawar SR, Johnson DB, McKay RR, Rivera DR, Reuben DY, Shah S, Tinianov SL, Vinh DC, Mishra S, Warner JL. Learning through a Pandemic: The Current State of Knowledge on COVID-19 and Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 12:303-330. [PMID: 34893494 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has left patients with current or past history of cancer facing disparate consequences at every stage of the cancer trajectory. This comprehensive review offers a landscape analysis of the current state of the literature on COVID-19 and cancer including the immune response to COVID-19, risk factors for severe disease, and impact of anticancer therapies. We also review the latest data on treatment of COVID-19 and vaccination safety and efficacy in patients with cancer, as well as impact of the pandemic on cancer care, including the urgent need for rapid evidence generation and real-world study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Elkrief
- Hemato-Oncology, University of Montreal Research Center (CRCHUM)
| | | | | | - Kyle T Enriquez
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | | | - Mansi R Shah
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
| | | | | | | | - Sachin R Jhawar
- Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Y Reuben
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Mishra
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Jeremy L Warner
- Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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9
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Choi E, Sanyal N, Ding VY, Gardner RM, Aredo JV, Lee J, Wu JT, Hickey TP, Barrett B, Riley TL, Wilkens LR, Leung AN, Le Marchand L, Tammemägi MC, Hung RJ, Amos CI, Freedman ND, Cheng I, Wakelee HA, Han SS. Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Tool for Second Primary Lung Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:87-96. [PMID: 34255071 PMCID: PMC8755509 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With advancing therapeutics, lung cancer (LC) survivors are rapidly increasing in
number. Although mounting evidence suggests LC survivors have high risk of second
primary lung cancer (SPLC), there is no validated prediction model available for
clinical use to identify high-risk LC survivors for SPLC. Methods Using data from 6325 ever-smokers in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study diagnosed with
initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) in 1993-2017, we developed a prediction model for
10-year SPLC risk after IPLC diagnosis using cause-specific Cox regression. We evaluated
the model’s clinical utility using decision curve analysis and externally validated it
using 2 population-based data—Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening
Trial (PLCO) and National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)—that included 2963 and 2844 IPLC
(101 and 93 SPLC cases), respectively. Results Over 14 063 person-years, 145 (2.3%) ever-smoking IPLC patients developed SPLC in MEC.
Our prediction model demonstrated a high predictive accuracy (Brier score = 2.9, 95%
confidence interval [CI] = 2.4 to 3.3) and discrimination (area under the receiver
operating characteristics [AUC] = 81.9%, 95% CI = 78.2% to 85.5%) based on bootstrap
validation in MEC. Stratification by the estimated risk quartiles showed that the
observed SPLC incidence was statistically significantly higher in the 4th vs 1st
quartile (9.5% vs 0.2%; P < .001). Decision curve
analysis indicated that in a wide range of 10-year risk thresholds from 1% to 20%, the
model yielded a larger net-benefit vs hypothetical all-screening or no-screening
scenarios. External validation using PLCO and NLST showed an AUC of 78.8% (95% CI =
74.6% to 82.9%) and 72.7% (95% CI = 67.7% to 77.7%), respectively. Conclusions We developed and validated a SPLC prediction model based on large population-based
cohorts. The proposed prediction model can help identify high-risk LC patients for SPLC
and can be incorporated into clinical decision making for SPLC surveillance and
screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Choi
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nilotpal Sanyal
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Y Ding
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Gardner
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Justin Lee
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie T Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ann N Leung
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Martin C Tammemägi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Summer S Han
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Su CC, Wu JT, Neal JW, Popat RA, Kurian AW, Backhus LM, Nagpal S, Leung AN, Wakelee HA, Han SS. Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Primary Lung Cancer on Subsequent Risk of Brain Metastasis. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1479-1489. [PMID: 34091050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis (BM) is one of the most common metastases from primary lung cancer (PLC). Recently, the National Lung Screening Trial revealed the efficacy of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on LC mortality reduction. Nevertheless, it remains unknown if early detection of PLC through LDCT may be potentially beneficial in reducing the risk of subsequent metastases. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of LDCT screening for PLC on the risk of developing BM after PLC diagnosis. METHODS We used the National Lung Screening Trial data to identify 1502 participants who were diagnosed with PLC in 2002 to 2009 and have follow-up data for BM. Cause-specific competing risk regression was applied to evaluate an association between BM risk and the mode of PLC detection-that is, LDCT screen-detected versus non-LDCT screen-detected. Subgroup analyses were conducted in patients with early stage PLC and those who underwent surgery for PLC. RESULTS Of 1502 participants, 41.4% had PLC detected through LDCT screening versus 58.6% detected through other methods, for example, chest radiograph or incidental detection. Patients whose PLC was detected with LDCT screening had a significantly lower 3-year incidence of BM (6.5%) versus those without (11.9%), with a cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) of 0.53 (p = 0.001), adjusting for age at PLC diagnosis, PLC stage, PLC histology, and smoking status. This significant reduction in BM risk among PLCs detected through LDCT screening persisted in subgroups of participants with early stage PLC (HR = 0.47, p = 0.002) and those who underwent surgery (HR = 0.37, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early detection of PLC using LDCT screening is associated with lower risk of BM after PLC diagnosis on the basis of a large population-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Su
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julie T Wu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joel W Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rita A Popat
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leah M Backhus
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Seema Nagpal
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ann N Leung
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Summer S Han
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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11
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Grivas P, Khaki AR, Wise-Draper TM, French B, Hennessy C, Hsu CY, Shyr Y, Li X, Choueiri TK, Painter CA, Peters S, Rini BI, Thompson MA, Mishra S, Rivera DR, Acoba JD, Abidi MZ, Bakouny Z, Bashir B, Bekaii-Saab T, Berg S, Bernicker EH, Bilen MA, Bindal P, Bishnoi R, Bouganim N, Bowles DW, Cabal A, Caimi PF, Chism DD, Crowell J, Curran C, Desai A, Dixon B, Doroshow DB, Durbin EB, Elkrief A, Farmakiotis D, Fazio A, Fecher LA, Flora DB, Friese CR, Fu J, Gadgeel SM, Galsky MD, Gill DM, Glover MJ, Goyal S, Grover P, Gulati S, Gupta S, Halabi S, Halfdanarson TR, Halmos B, Hausrath DJ, Hawley JE, Hsu E, Huynh-Le M, Hwang C, Jani C, Jayaraj A, Johnson DB, Kasi A, Khan H, Koshkin VS, Kuderer NM, Kwon DH, Lammers PE, Li A, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Low CA, Lustberg MB, Lyman GH, McKay RR, McNair C, Menon H, Mesa RA, Mico V, Mundt D, Nagaraj G, Nakasone ES, Nakayama J, Nizam A, Nock NL, Park C, Patel JM, Patel KG, Peddi P, Pennell NA, Piper-Vallillo AJ, Puc M, Ravindranathan D, Reeves ME, Reuben DY, Rosenstein L, Rosovsky RP, Rubinstein SM, Salazar M, Schmidt AL, Schwartz GK, Shah MR, Shah SA, Shah C, Shaya JA, Singh SRK, Smits M, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Stover DG, Streckfuss M, Subbiah S, Tachiki L, Tadesse E, Thakkar A, Tucker MD, Verma AK, Vinh DC, Weiss M, Wu JT, Wulff-Burchfield E, Xie Z, Yu PP, Zhang T, Zhou AY, Zhu H, Zubiri L, Shah DP, Warner JL, Lopes G. Association of clinical factors and recent anticancer therapy with COVID-19 severity among patients with cancer: a report from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:787-800. [PMID: 33746047 PMCID: PMC7972830 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer may be at high risk of adverse outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We analyzed a cohort of patients with cancer and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) to identify prognostic clinical factors, including laboratory measurements and anticancer therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with active or historical cancer and a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis recorded between 17 March and 18 November 2020 were included. The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity measured on an ordinal scale (uncomplicated, hospitalized, admitted to intensive care unit, mechanically ventilated, died within 30 days). Multivariable regression models included demographics, cancer status, anticancer therapy and timing, COVID-19-directed therapies, and laboratory measurements (among hospitalized patients). RESULTS A total of 4966 patients were included (median age 66 years, 51% female, 50% non-Hispanic white); 2872 (58%) were hospitalized and 695 (14%) died; 61% had cancer that was present, diagnosed, or treated within the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Older age, male sex, obesity, cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and hematologic malignancy were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Among hospitalized patients, low or high absolute lymphocyte count; high absolute neutrophil count; low platelet count; abnormal creatinine; troponin; lactate dehydrogenase; and C-reactive protein were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Patients diagnosed early in the COVID-19 pandemic (January-April 2020) had worse outcomes than those diagnosed later. Specific anticancer therapies (e.g. R-CHOP, platinum combined with etoposide, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors) were associated with high 30-day all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Clinical factors (e.g. older age, hematological malignancy, recent chemotherapy) and laboratory measurements were associated with poor outcomes among patients with cancer and COVID-19. Although further studies are needed, caution may be required in utilizing particular anticancer therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER NCT04354701.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grivas
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA.
| | - A R Khaki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - B French
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C Hennessy
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C-Y Hsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Y Shyr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - X Li
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | | | - C A Painter
- Broad Institute, Cancer Program, Cambridge, USA
| | - S Peters
- Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B I Rini
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - S Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - D R Rivera
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - J D Acoba
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - M Z Abidi
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Z Bakouny
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - B Bashir
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - S Berg
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | | | - M A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - P Bindal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - R Bishnoi
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - N Bouganim
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D W Bowles
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - A Cabal
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - P F Caimi
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - D D Chism
- Thompson Cancer Survival Center, Knoxville, USA
| | - J Crowell
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C Curran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - A Desai
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - B Dixon
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - D B Doroshow
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - E B Durbin
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - A Elkrief
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D Farmakiotis
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - A Fazio
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - L A Fecher
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - D B Flora
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C R Friese
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J Fu
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - S M Gadgeel
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M D Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - D M Gill
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - S Goyal
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - P Grover
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gulati
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | | | - B Halmos
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D J Hausrath
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - J E Hawley
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - E Hsu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA; University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | - M Huynh-Le
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - C Hwang
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - C Jani
- Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - D B Johnson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A Kasi
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - H Khan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - V S Koshkin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - N M Kuderer
- Advanced Cancer Research Group, LLC, Kirkland, USA
| | - D H Kwon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - A Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | | | - C A Low
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - G H Lyman
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - R R McKay
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - C McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - H Menon
- Penn State Health/Penn State Cancer Institute/St. Joseph Cancer Center, Hershey, USA
| | - R A Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - V Mico
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D Mundt
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - G Nagaraj
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - E S Nakasone
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - J Nakayama
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - A Nizam
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | - N L Nock
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - C Park
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - J M Patel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - K G Patel
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - P Peddi
- Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - N A Pennell
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | - M Puc
- Virtua Health, Marlton, USA
| | | | - M E Reeves
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - D Y Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | | | - R P Rosovsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - M Salazar
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - G K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M R Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - S A Shah
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - C Shah
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - J A Shaya
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - S R K Singh
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M Smits
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | | | - D G Stover
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | - S Subbiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - L Tachiki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - E Tadesse
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - A Thakkar
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - M D Tucker
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A K Verma
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D C Vinh
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Weiss
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | - J T Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Z Xie
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - P P Yu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A Y Zhou
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - L Zubiri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - J L Warner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - GdL Lopes
- University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, USA
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12
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Rivera DR, Peters S, Panagiotou OA, Shah DP, Kuderer NM, Hsu CY, Rubinstein SM, Lee BJ, Choueiri TK, de Lima Lopes G, Grivas P, Painter CA, Rini BI, Thompson MA, Arcobello J, Bakouny Z, Doroshow DB, Egan PC, Farmakiotis D, Fecher LA, Friese CR, Galsky MD, Goel S, Gupta S, Halfdanarson TR, Halmos B, Hawley JE, Khaki AR, Lemmon CA, Mishra S, Olszewski AJ, Pennell NA, Puc MM, Revankar SG, Schapira L, Schmidt A, Schwartz GK, Shah SA, Wu JT, Xie Z, Yeh AC, Zhu H, Shyr Y, Lyman GH, Warner JL. Utilization of COVID-19 Treatments and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Cancer: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Cohort Study. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1514-1527. [PMID: 32699031 PMCID: PMC7541683 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among 2,186 U.S. adults with invasive cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, we examined the association of COVID-19 treatments with 30-day all-cause mortality and factors associated with treatment. Logistic regression with multiple adjustments (e.g., comorbidities, cancer status, baseline COVID-19 severity) was performed. Hydroxychloroquine with any other drug was associated with increased mortality versus treatment with any COVID-19 treatment other than hydroxychloroquine or untreated controls; this association was not present with hydroxychloroquine alone. Remdesivir had numerically reduced mortality versus untreated controls that did not reach statistical significance. Baseline COVID-19 severity was strongly associated with receipt of any treatment. Black patients were approximately half as likely to receive remdesivir as white patients. Although observational studies can be limited by potential unmeasured confounding, our findings add to the emerging understanding of patterns of care for patients with cancer and COVID-19 and support evaluation of emerging treatments through inclusive prospective controlled trials. SIGNIFICANCE: Evaluating the potential role of COVID-19 treatments in patients with cancer in a large observational study, there was no statistically significant 30-day all-cause mortality benefit with hydroxychloroquine or high-dose corticosteroids alone or in combination; remdesivir showed potential benefit. Treatment receipt reflects clinical decision-making and suggests disparities in medication access.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna R. Rivera
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Orestis A. Panagiotou
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Dimpy P. Shah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Chih-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Samuel M. Rubinstein
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brendan J. Lee
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Petros Grivas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Brian I. Rini
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Ziad Bakouny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah B. Doroshow
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pamela C. Egan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Dimitrios Farmakiotis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Leslie A. Fecher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Matthew D. Galsky
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Balazs Halmos
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Jessica E. Hawley
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ali Raza Khaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sanjay Mishra
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Adam J. Olszewski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nathan A. Pennell
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew M. Puc
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Virtua Health, Marlton, New Jersey
| | | | - Lidia Schapira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Andrew Schmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary K. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sumit A. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Julie T. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Zhuoer Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Albert C. Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gary H. Lyman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeremy L. Warner
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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13
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Chew MH, Koh FH, Wu JT, Ngaserin S, Ng A, Ong BC, Lee VJ. Clinical assessment of COVID-19 outbreak among migrant workers residing in a large dormitory in Singapore. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:202-203. [PMID: 32492454 PMCID: PMC7261446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Chew
- Department of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore.
| | - F H Koh
- Department of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - S Ngaserin
- Department of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - A Ng
- Department of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - B C Ong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - V J Lee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Liu D, Leung K, Jit M, Yu H, Yang J, Liao Q, Liu F, Zheng Y, Wu JT. Cost-effectiveness of bivalent versus monovalent vaccines against hand, foot and mouth disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:373-380. [PMID: 31279839 PMCID: PMC6942242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) were responsible for 43.3% (235 123/543 243) and 24.8% (134 607/543 243) of all laboratory-confirmed hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases during 2010-2015 in China. Three monovalent EV71 vaccines have been licensed in China while bivalent EV71/CA16 vaccines are under development. A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of bivalent EV71/CA16 versus monovalent EV71 vaccination would be useful for informing the additional value of bivalent HFMD vaccines in China. METHODS We used a static model parameterized with the national HFMD surveillance data during 2010-2013, virological HFMD surveillance records from all 31 provinces in mainland China during 2010-2013 and caregiver survey data of costs and health quality of life during 2012-2013. We estimated the threshold vaccine cost (TVC), defined as the maximum additional cost that could be paid for a cost-effective bivalent EV71/CA16 vaccine over a monovalent EV71 vaccine, as the outcome. The base case analysis was performed from a societal perspective. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying assumptions governing HFMD risk, costs, discounting and vaccine efficacy. RESULTS In the base case, choosing the bivalent EV71/CA16 over monovalent EV71 vaccination would be cost-effective only if the additional cost of the bivalent EV71/CA16 compared with the monovalent EV71 vaccine is less than €4.7 (95% CI 4.2-5.2). Compared with the TVC in the base case, TVC increased by up to €8.9 if all the test-negative cases were CA16-HFMD; decreased by €1.1 with an annual discount rate of 6% and exclusion of the productivity loss; and increased by €0.14 and €0.3 with every 1% increase in bivalent vaccine efficacy against CA16-HFMD and differential vaccine efficacy against EV71-HFMD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bivalent EV71/CA16 vaccines can be cost-effective compared with monovalent EV71 vaccines, if suitably priced. Our study provides further evidence for determining the optimal use of HFMD vaccines in routine paediatric vaccination programme in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M Jit
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, London, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - H Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - J Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Liao
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - F Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - J T Wu
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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15
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Li C, Wang YN, Wang M, Peng Y, Wu JT, Luo XF. [Application of stretched exponential diffusion-weighted imaging model in quantitative diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: in a rabbit model]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:500-504. [PMID: 30786346 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of diffusion parameters obtained from mono-exponential and stretched exponential diffusion-weighted imaging models in staging of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and compare the diagnosis ability of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods: Thirty-two 12 -week-old male New Zealand rabbits, about 2.5 kg of each, were randomly divided into five groups. To obtained different severity groups of NAFLD, a variety of diet (from standard to high-fat, high cholesterol chow) were feed for different periods before liver diffusion imaging was performed by using 3.0 T MR imaging system (Discovery 750W GE health care), the value of ADC, stretched exponential model parameters distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and α (water molecular diffusion heterogeneity index) were measured. Liver specimens were obtained for pathological grading (NAFLD activity scoring system). The diffusion parameters of each group of NAFLD were compared by ANOVA, LSD-t test was utilized to pairwise comparison between different grades of NAFLD. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between ADC, DDC, α and different severity groups of NAFLD. ROC curve was compared to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of MR parameters for NASH. Results: α was significant different between borderline and NASH groups (0.65±0.05 vs 0.72±0.07; P<0.05); ADC and DDC showed no statistical difference between borderline and NASH groups (ADC:(1.09±0.14)×10(-3) vs (1.04±0.24)×10(-3) mm(2)/s; DDC: (0.73±0.08)×10(-3) vs (0.66±0.19)×10(-3) mm(2)/s; P>0.05); ADC and DDC were negatively correlated with NAFLD, and the correlation coefficients were -0.552, -0.596, respectively (P<0.05). α was found to be positively correlated with advancement of NAFLD, the correlation coefficient was 0.729 (P<0.05).In terms of the diagnostic efficiency of NASH, the AUC of ADC, DDC and α were 0.736, 0.784, 0.900, respectively, α was significantly greater than ADC in diagnosis of NASH (P<0.05). Conclusion: Stretched exponential model parameter α (water molecular diffusion heterogeneity index) could be utilized to identify NAFLD. α may provide more information and improve the staging of NASH compared with conventional diffusion parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Y N Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Radiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Y Peng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Radiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - X F Luo
- Department of Radiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Tsui KL, Wong SY, Wu JT, Chow CB, Goldsman DM, Nizam A. Development of adaptable pandemic simulation models. Hong Kong Med J 2018; 24 Suppl 6:23-25. [PMID: 30229732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K L Tsui
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong
| | - S Y Wong
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong
| | - J T Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - C B Chow
- Infectious Disease Centre, Hospital Authority
| | - D M Goldsman
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - A Nizam
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, USA
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Fielding R, Wu JT, Lam WW, Wang LD. Decision-making process of families about human papillomavirus vaccination of adolescent daughters: a qualitative study of Hong Kong Chinese families. Hong Kong Med J 2018; 24 Suppl 6:30-33. [PMID: 30229734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Fielding
- Division of Behavioural Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J T Wu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - W Wt Lam
- Division of Behavioural Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - L Dl Wang
- Division of Behavioural Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
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18
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Wu JT, Cowling BJ. Real-time forecasting of infectious disease epidemics. Hong Kong Med J 2018; 24 Suppl 6:26-29. [PMID: 30229733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J T Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
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Yao JL, He QZ, Liu M, Chang XW, Wu JT, Duan T, Wang K. Effects of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on human amniotic epithelial cell proliferation and migration. Toxicology 2017; 394:19-26. [PMID: 29191629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deleterious effects of cannabis consumption for fertility and pregnancy outcome are recognized for years. The main psychoactive molecule of cannabis, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is able to cross the placenta barrier and cause alterations in fetal growth, low birth weight and preterm labor. However, the effects of THC on the human placenta amnion are still unknown. METHODS The distributions of CB1R and CB2R in human amnion tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Human amniotic epithelial cell proliferation and migration in response to THC treatment were measured by MTS and transwell assays, respectively. The PCR array was performed to study the key regulators involved in the cell migration. The protein levels of CB1R, CB2R in amnion tissues and MMP2, MMP9 in cells were detected by western blotting. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to knockdown MMP2 and MMP9 in WISH cells. RESULTS Our results indicated that both CB1R and CB2R primarily identified in the epithelial layer of human placental amnion tissue. The CB1R expression in the amnion tissue was higher in the preterm group than normal control. High-dose of THC (30uM, but not 20 and 10uM) significantly inhibited (p<0.01) human amniotic epithelial cell lines (WISH) proliferation. Meanwhile, THC at both 10uM and 20uM (p<0.05) significantly suppressed cells migration in both WISH and primary human amniotic epithelial cells. The PCR array data and siRNA experiments demonstrated that MMP2/9 were tightly involved in the regulation of THC-inhibited cell migration in WISH cells. CONCLUSION These results suggested that THC inhibited the migration of human amniotic epithelial cell through the regulation of MMP2 and MMP9, which in turn altered the development of the amnion during the gestation and partially resulted in preterm labor and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Yao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Q Z He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - X W Chang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - J T Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - T Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - K Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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Sui WF, Zhang HY, Xu J, Xu Y, Wu JT. [Application of swallow tail appearance in patients with Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:30-2. [PMID: 26792604 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical value of swallow tail appearance in detecting the patient with Parkinson's disease at 3.0 T MRI. METHODS A total of 42 patients with clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease(PD) and 27 age-matched normal controls underwent the brain MR examination with conventional and E-SWAN sequences. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on Hoehn-Yahr stage and 2 groups according the treatment condition (treated, untreated). Substantia nigra (SN) was selected as region of interest (ROI) and observed the swallow tail appearance on magnitude imagines of E-SWAN sequence. Nonparametric test was used for comparison between patients groups and normal controls. There was statistically difference if the P value was lower than 0.05. RESULTS The swallow tail appearance lost was significantly correlated with Parkinson's disease (P=0.000). The swallow tail appearance lost was not correlated with the usage of drugs(P=0.833) and Hoehn-Yahr stage(P=0.189). The sensitivity of diagnosis of PD by using the swallow tail disappearance was 95.5% (42/44), the specificity was 83.3% (25/30), the accuracy was 90.5%(67/74). CONCLUSIONS Assessing the substantia nigra on E-SWAN for the typical swallow tail appearance has potential to become a new and easy applicable 3.0 T MRI diagnostic tool for PD, however, it was meaningless for prognosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Sui
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Subei, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Abstract
In this investigation, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe(2+) (photo-Fenton) and UV/H2O2/Fe(3+) (photo-Fenton-like) systems were used to mineralize sulfamethizole (SFZ). The optimal doses of H2O2 (1-20 mM) in UV/H2O2 and iron (0.1-1 mM) in photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton-like systems were determined. Direct photolysis by UV irradiation and direct oxidation by added H2O2, Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) did not mineralize SFZ. The optimal dose of H2O2 was 10 mM in UV/H2O2 and that of iron (Fe(2+) or Fe(3+)) was 0.2 mM in both UV/H2O2/Fe(2+) and UV/H2O2/Fe(3+) systems. Under the best experimental conditions and after 60 min of reaction, the SFZ mineralization percentages in UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe(2+) and UV/H2O2/Fe(3+) systems were 16, 90 and 88%, respectively. The UV/H2O2/Fe(2+) and UV/H2O2/Fe(3+) systems effectively mineralized SFZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
| | - Y H Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
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22
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Duan HY, Liu DM, Qian P, Wang SL, Yan LJ, Wu JT, Yang HT, Fan XW, Chu YJ. Effect of atorvastatin on plasma NT-proBNP and inflammatory cytokine expression in patients with heart failure. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:15739-48. [PMID: 26634541 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of atorvastatin intervention on plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with heart failure (HF). One hundred and twenty-three HF patients were selected from our hospital and randomly divided into control (N = 61) and observation (N = 62) groups; the former received conventional treatment, while the latter were given conventional treatment combined with atorvastatin. Plasma NT-proBNP, inflammatory cytokines [high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10] and cardiac function [left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic maximum flow rate ratio (E/A)] were compared among groups. The effective rate of treating HF significantly increased after atorvastatin treatment. The plasma NT-proBNP, IL-6, IL-10, hs-CRP, and LVEDD levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the LVEF and E/A levels significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the observation group compared to the control group and before intervention. The NT-proBNP and cytokine levels significantly differed among patients with different classes of heart function (P < 0.05); the NT-proBNP and cytokine levels increased with the severity of heart function. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the NT-proBNP and inflammatory cytokine levels and LVEF and E/A values, and a positive correlation between these factors and LVEDD (P < 0.05). In conclusion, atorvastatin significantly improves cardiac function; the mechanism atorvastatin action was related to the decrease in plasma NT-proBNP and inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - D M Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - P Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - S L Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - L J Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H T Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X W Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y J Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Cowling BJ, Park M, Fang VJ, Wu P, Leung GM, Wu JT. Preliminary epidemiological assessment of MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea, May to June 2015. Euro Surveill 2015. [PMID: 26132767 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3369.three] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
South Korea is experiencing the largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections outside the Arabian Peninsula, with 166 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 24 deaths up to 19 June 2015. We estimated that the mean incubation period was 6.7 days and the mean serial interval 12.6 days. We found it unlikely that infectiousness precedes symptom onset. Based on currently available data, we predict an overall case fatality risk of 21% (95% credible interval: 14–31).
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Cowling BJ, Park M, Fang VJ, Wu P, Leung GM, Wu JT. Preliminary epidemiological assessment of MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea, May to June 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:7-13. [PMID: 26132767 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.25.21163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
South Korea is experiencing the largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections outside the Arabian Peninsula, with 166 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 24 deaths up to 19 June 2015. We estimated that the mean incubation period was 6.7 days and the mean serial interval 12.6 days. We found it unlikely that infectiousness precedes symptom onset. Based on currently available data, we predict an overall case fatality risk of 21% (95% credible interval: 14–31).
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Cowling
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Wu JT, Wu CH, Liu CY, Huang WJ. Photodegradation of sulfonamide antimicrobial compounds (sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole) in various UV/oxidant systems. Water Sci Technol 2015; 71:412-417. [PMID: 25714641 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study used Na₂S₂O₈, NaBrO8 and H₂O₂to degrade sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethizole (SFZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfathiazole (STZ) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The initial concentration of sulfonamide and oxidant in all experiments was 20 mg/L and 5 mM, respectively. The degradation rate for sulfonamides satisfies pseudo-first-order kinetics in all UV/oxidant systems. The highest degradation rate for SDZ, SFZ, SMX and STZ was in the UV/Na₂S₂O₈, UV/NaBrO₃, UV/Na₂S₂O₈ and UV/H₂O₂ system, respectively. In the UV/Na₂S₂O₈ system, the photodegradation rate of SDZ, SFZ, SMX and STZ was 0.0245 min⁻¹, 0.0096 min⁻¹, 0.0283 min⁻¹ and 0.0141 min⁻¹, respectively; moreover, for the total organic carbon removal rate for SDZ, SFZ, SMX and STZ it was 0.0057 min⁻¹, 0.0081 min⁻¹, 0.0130 min⁻¹ and 0.0106 min⁻¹, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the ability of oxidants to degrade sulfonamide varied with pollutant type. Moreover, UV/Na₂S₂O₈ had the highest mineralization rate for all tested sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
| | - C H Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
| | - C Y Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
| | - W J Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
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26
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Feng L, Wu JT, Liu X, Yang P, Tsang TK, Jiang H, Wu P, Yang J, Fang VJ, Qin Y, Lau EH, Li M, Zheng J, Peng Z, Xie Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Leung GM, Gao GF, Yu H, Cowling BJ. Clinical severity of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, China, 2013/14. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25523971 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.49.20984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the severity of emerging infections is challenging because of potential biases in case ascertainment. The first human case of infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus was identified in China in March 2013; since then, the virus has caused two epidemic waves in the country. There were 134 laboratory-confirmed cases detected in the first epidemic wave from January to September 2013. In the second epidemic wave of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China from October 2013 to October 2014, we estimated that the risk of death among hospitalised cases of infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus was 48% (95% credibility interval: 42-54%), slightly higher than the corresponding risk in the first wave. Age-specific risks of death among hospitalised cases were also significantly higher in the second wave. Using data on symptomatic cases identified through national sentinel influenza-like illness surveillance, we estimated that the risk of death among symptomatic cases of infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus was 0.10% (95% credibility interval: 0.029-3.6%), which was similar to previous estimates for the first epidemic wave of human infections with influenza A(H7N9) virus in 2013. An increase in the risk of death among hospitalised cases in the second wave could be real because of changes in the virus, because of seasonal changes in host susceptibility to severe infection, or because of variation in treatment practices between hospitals, while the increase could be artefactual because of changes in ascertainment of cases in different areas at different times.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Feng
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China
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27
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Wu JT, Cowling BJ, Hung I, Lau YL, Peiris JSM. Infection attack rates during the epidemic of swine influenza A by tracking temporal changes in age-specific seroprevalence rates. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20 Suppl 4:29-33. [PMID: 25224116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J T Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
| | - I Hung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Y L Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J S M Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong
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28
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Ning B, Zhang SY, Hou D, Wu JT, Li ZB, Zhao JY. High-precision distribution of highly stable optical pulse trains with 8.8 × 10⁻¹⁹ instability. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5109. [PMID: 24870442 PMCID: PMC4037707 DOI: 10.1038/srep05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-precision distribution of optical pulse trains via fibre links has had a considerable impact in many fields. In most published work, the accuracy is still fundamentally limited by unavoidable noise sources, such as thermal and shot noise from conventional photodiodes and thermal noise from mixers. Here, we demonstrate a new high-precision timing distribution system that uses a highly precise phase detector to obviously reduce the effect of these limitations. Instead of using photodiodes and microwave mixers, we use several fibre Sagnac-loop-based optical-microwave phase detectors (OM-PDs) to achieve optical-electrical conversion and phase measurements, thereby suppressing the sources of noise and achieving ultra-high accuracy. The results of a distribution experiment using a 10-km fibre link indicate that our system exhibits a residual instability of 2.0 × 10−15 at1 s and8.8 × 10−19 at 40,000 s and an integrated timing jitter as low as 3.8 fs in a bandwidth of 1 Hz to 100 kHz. This low instability and timing jitter make it possible for our system to be used in the distribution of optical-clock signals or in applications that require extremely accurate frequency/time synchronisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ning
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Y Zhang
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - D Hou
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z B Li
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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29
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Kuo CY, Wu CH, Wu JT, Chen YC. Preparation of immobilized Cu2O using microwave irradiation and its catalytic activity for bisphenol A: comparisons of Cu2O/H2O2 and visible-light/Cu2O/H2O2 systems. Water Sci Technol 2014; 70:1428-1433. [PMID: 25353950 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study produced immobilized Cu2O via microwave irradiation. The surface properties of Cu2O were assessed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the generated Cu2O was examined for bisphenol (BPA) degradation in Cu2O/H2O2 and visible-light/Cu2O/H2O2 systems under various H2O2 concentrations. Cu2O can decompose H2O2 to generate radicals, similar to the Fenton-like process. The BPA degradation rate followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The optimal H2O2 concentration was 30 mM and the BPA degradation rate under 30 mM H2O2 in the Cu2O/H2O2 and visible-light/Cu2O/H2O2 systems was 1.43 and 2.69 h(-1), respectively. The original Cu2O partly oxidized into CuO in the visible-light/Cu2O/H2O2 system and the BPA degradation percentage declined to 51% from 100% after the fifth cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Kuo
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - C H Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, 415 Chien Kung Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan E-mail:
| | - Y C Chen
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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30
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Hou D, Xie XP, Zhang YL, Wu JT, Chen ZY, Zhao JY. Highly stable wideband microwave extraction by synchronizing widely tunable optoelectronic oscillator with optical frequency comb. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3509. [PMID: 24336459 PMCID: PMC3863813 DOI: 10.1038/srep03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical frequency combs (OFCs), based on mode-locked lasers (MLLs), have attracted considerable attention in many fields over recent years. Among the applications of OFCs, one of the most challenging works is the extraction of a highly stable microwave with low phase noise. Many synchronisation schemes have been exploited to synchronise an electronic oscillator with the pulse train from a MLL, helping to extract an ultra-stable microwave. Here, we demonstrate novel wideband microwave extraction from a stable OFC by synchronising a single widely tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with an OFC at different harmonic frequencies, using an optical phase detection technique. The tunable range of the proposed microwave extraction extends from 2 GHz to 4 GHz, and in a long-term synchronisation experiment over 12 hours, the proposed synchronisation scheme provided a rms timing drift of 18 fs and frequency instabilities at 1.2 × 10−15/1 s and 2.2 × 10−18/10000 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hou
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X P Xie
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J T Wu
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z Y Chen
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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31
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Zhang A, Huang Y, Tian D, Lau EH, Wan Y, Liu X, Dong Y, Song Z, Zhang X, Zhang J, Bao M, Zhou M, Yuan S, Sun J, Zhu Z, Hu Y, Chen L, Leung CY, Wu JT, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Peiris JS, Xu J. Kinetics of serological responses in influenza A(H7N9)-infected patients correlate with clinical outcome in China, 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:20657. [PMID: 24342519 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.50.20657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The novel avian influenza A(H7N9) infection has recently emerged to cause severe respiratory illness in China. The objectives of this study were to define the kinetics of the antibody responses in patients with influenza A(H7N9) disease and to correlate these kinetics with clinical outcome. Serial serum samples were obtained at intervals of three to four days from 18 patients with virologically confirmed A(H7N9) disease in Shanghai. We determined the kinetics of the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and A(H7H9) pseudotype neutralisation antibody (Nab) responses and correlated these with clinical outcomes. Most patients had robust serological responses by both HI and Nab tests. Taking into account censoring due to time of testing and death, the median time from onset of illness to Nab titre ≥1:40 was 14 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 11–18 days) in the fatal cases and 10.5 days (95% CI: 7–12) in the survivors (p=0.003). The two groups did not differ in initial Nab titres, but the rate of increase in Nab titres was significantly faster for survivors by approximately 10-fold per 15 days (p=0.007). Early and rapid induction of Nab was correlated significantly with better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Fan LN, Deng HH, Luo QW, He HY, Li Y, Wang QN, Huang ZX, Wu JT, Li QW, Liu SM, Qi YW. Genetic diversity of Saccharum spontaneum from geographical regions of China assessed by simple sequence repeats. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:5916-25. [PMID: 24338385 DOI: 10.4238/2013.november.26.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Saccharum spontaneum is the most variable wild relative of sugarcane with potential for use in sugarcane improvement programs. In order to help preserve and exploit this species, 152 accessions from eight major geographical regions in China, including Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Fujian, and Jiangxi provinces, were investigated by analyzing 20 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), including 11 genomic SSRs (gSSRs) and nine SSRs developed from expressed sequence tags (EST-SSRs). A total of 454 alleles were generated by the 20 SSRs, with 295 and 159 alleles detected by gSSRs and EST-SSRs respectively. The Mantel test showed significant correlation between genetic matrixes among the studied accessions revealed by gSSRs versus EST-SSRs, although the average polymorphism of EST-SSRs (17.7) was much lower than that of gSSRs (26.8). Among the eight provinces, collections from Guizhou were the most diverse and those from Guangdong were the most distinct. Clustering analysis and principal component analysis accordantly classified the accessions into four groups, which were "Southwest group", "Hainan group", "Guangdong group", and "Guangxi group", based on the geographical origin of the major accessions in each group, demonstrating that geographical factors play an important role in the pattern of genetic structure of Chinese S. spontaneum. As two (Guizhou and Yunnan) of the three provinces with highest genetic diversity are located in southwest China, we concluded that southwest China is the region with the highest genetic diversity of S. spontaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Improvement and Biorefinery, Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Cowling BJ, Freeman G, Wong JY, Wu P, Liao Q, Lau EH, Wu JT, Fielding R, Leung GM. Preliminary inferences on the age-specific seriousness of human disease caused by avian influenza A(H7N9) infections in China, March to April 2013. Euro Surveill 2013. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.18.19.20475-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Cowling
- These authors contributed equally to this work
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - G Freeman
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - J Y Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - P Wu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Q Liao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - E H Lau
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J T Wu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - R Fielding
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - G M Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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34
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Cowling BJ, Freeman G, Wong JY, Wu P, Liao Q, Lau EH, Wu JT, Fielding R, Leung GM. Preliminary inferences on the age-specific seriousness of human disease caused by avian influenza A(H7N9) infections in China, March to April 2013. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20475. [PMID: 23725807 PMCID: PMC3838615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 31 March and 21 April 2013, 102 laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H7N9) infections have been reported in six provinces of China. Using survey data on age-specific rates of exposure to live poultry in China, we estimated that risk of serious illness after infection is 5.1 times higher in persons 65 years and older versus younger ages. Our results suggest that many unidentified mild influenza A(H7N9) infections may have occurred, with a lower bound of 210–550 infections to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Cowling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - G Freeman
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J Y Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - P Wu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Q Liao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - E H Lau
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J T Wu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - R Fielding
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - G M Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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35
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Zhou Y, Ng DMW, Seto WH, Ip DKM, Kwok HKH, Ma ESK, Ng S, Lau LLH, Wu JT, Peiris JSM, Cowling BJ. Seroprevalence of antibody to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 among healthcare workers after the first wave in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2011; 78:308-11. [PMID: 21501896 PMCID: PMC7132483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During the first wave of an influenza pandemic prior to the availability of an effective vaccine, healthcare workers (HCWs) may be at particular risk of infection with the novel influenza strain. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of antibody to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1) among HCWs in Hong Kong in February–March 2010 following the first pandemic wave. Sera collected from HCWs were tested for antibody to pH1N1 influenza virus by viral neutralisation (VN). We assessed factors associated with higher antibody titres, and we compared antibody titres in HCWs with those in a separate community study. In total we enrolled 703 HCWs. Among 599 HCWs who did not report receipt of pH1N1 vaccine, 12% had antibody titre ≥1:40 by VN. There were no significant differences in the age-specific proportions of unvaccinated HCWs with antibody titre ≥1:40 compared with the general community following the first wave of pH1N1. Under good adherence to infection control guidelines, potential occupational exposures in the hospital setting did not appear to be associated with any substantial excess risk of pH1N1 infection in HCWs. Most HCWs had low antibody titres following the first pandemic wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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36
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Wu JT, Riley S, Leung GM. Reducing the impact of the next influenza pandemic using household-based public health interventions. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15 Suppl 9:38-41. [PMID: 20393225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Household-based public health interventions can effectively mitigate the impact of influenza pandemic, and the resources and compliance requirement are realistic and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wu
- Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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37
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Chien YC, Wu SC, Wu JT. Identification of physical parameters controlling the dominance of algal species in a subtropical reservoir. Water Sci Technol 2009; 60:1779-1786. [PMID: 19809140 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a serious problem of water resource management in Taiwan. The occurrence of annoying algal species as well as abnormally abundant algal mass threatens the quality of water supply. The growth and decline of a specific phytoplankton species are affected by environmental factors, including light, nutrients, temperature, etc. There have been many investigations on the effects of individual factors on the abundance and composition of algal populations. However, many analyses on the effects of environmental factors, especially the concentration of nutrients, on phytoplankton failed to identify the controlling factors on the dynamic change of the phytoplankton species. This study used statistical methods to isolate the effect of seasons on the phytoplankton growth and searched for the relationships between the nutrient concentrations and the abundance of different algal species in Feitsui Reservoir based on the data obtained from 1995 to 2003. We found that the dynamic change of dominance of some species of phytoplankton was strongly related to the seasonal factors. The controlling factors of the survival of an algal species were the settling and mobility of the phytoplankton, the mixing depth and the vertical mixing strength of the water bodies. According to our preliminary findings, the influence of physical factors, varying seasonally, outweighs the influence of nutrients on the algal species composition in Feitsui Reservoir in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chien
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-shan Road, Taipei 10673, Taiwan, ROC.
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38
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Bohaychuk VM, Gensler GE, King RK, Manninen KI, Sorensen O, Wu JT, Stiles ME, McMullen LM. Occurrence of pathogens in raw and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products collected from the retail marketplace in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2176-82. [PMID: 16995521 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 800 meat and poultry products were purchased from the retail marketplace in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The products consisted of raw ground beef, chicken legs, pork chops, and ready-to-eat fermented sausage, roast beef, processed turkey breast, chicken wieners, and beef wieners. The samples were analyzed to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli 022: H8 was found in one raw ground beef sample. Salmonella and Campylobacter were found in 30 and 62% of raw chicken legs, respectively. L. monocytogenes was found in 52% of raw ground beef, 34% of raw chicken legs, 24% of raw pork chops, 4% of fermented sausages, 3% of processed turkey breast, 5% of beef wieners, and 3% of chicken wieners. The occurrence of pathogens in this study is similar to that in retail products in many other international locales.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Bohaychuk
- Food Safety Division, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 6909 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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39
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Mickelson JR, Wagner ML, Goh G, Wu JT, Morrison LY, Alexander LJ, Raudsepp T, Skow LC, Chowdhary BP, Swinburne JE, Binns MM. Thirty-five new equine microsatellite loci assigned to genetic linkage and radiation hybrid maps. Anim Genet 2005; 35:481-4. [PMID: 15566482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 295 AS/VM, 1988 Fitch Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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40
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Wagner ML, Goh G, Wu JT, Morrison LY, Alexander LJ, Raudsepp T, Skow LC, Chowdhary BP, Mickelson JR. Sixty-seven new equine microsatellite loci assigned to the equine radiation hybrid map. Anim Genet 2005; 35:484-6. [PMID: 15566483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Wagner
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 295 AS/VM, 1988 Fitch Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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41
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Wu JT, Hendrickson JA, Yi Y, George AL, Henthorn PS, Hitte C, Galibert F, Rutherford MS, Mickelson JR. Radiation hybrid and comparative mapping of 38 canine heart ESTs. Anim Genet 2004; 35:420-1. [PMID: 15373754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J T Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 295 AS/VM, 1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul 55108, USA
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Hendrickson JA, Wu JT, Hitte C, Galibert F, Mickelson JR, Rutherford MS. Radiation hybrid and comparative mapping of 83 canine brain ESTs. Anim Genet 2004; 35:414-7. [PMID: 15373751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Hendrickson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave., St Paul 55108, USA
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Wagner ML, Goh G, Wu JT, Raudsepp T, Morrison LY, Alexander LJ, Skow LC, Chowdhary BP, Mickelson JR. Radiation hybrid mapping of 63 previously unreported equine microsatellite loci. Anim Genet 2004; 35:159-62. [PMID: 15025590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Wagner
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1988 Fitch Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Wagner ML, Goh G, Wu JT, Raudsepp T, Morrison LY, Alexander LJ, Skow LS, Chowdhary BP, Mickelson JR. Radiation hybrid mapping of 75 previously unreported equine microsatellite loci. Anim Genet 2004; 35:68-71. [PMID: 14731236 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Wagner
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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Guo J, Yang YQ, Wu JT. [Pathological charges induced by the growth of Pneumocystis carinii in rat lungs]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2003; 18:247-8. [PMID: 12567674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Rizzo JD, Williams S, Wu JT, Pecora AL, Lazarus HM, Bolwell B, Fields KK, Gale RP, Elfenbein G, Horowitz MM, Antman KH. Syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for women with metastatic breast cancer. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 32:151-5. [PMID: 12838279 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer has been a common indication for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Previous reports indicate 3-year survival and progression-free survival (PFS) rates after autotransplant to be about 30 and 15%, respectively. Most deaths are from recurrent disease. One potential cause for high relapse rates is graft contamination with tumor. We describe 14 women with metastatic breast cancer transplanted between 1991 and 1998 with hematopoietic cells from identical twins. Median age was 41 y (range 34-50). Most women (12 of 14) were treated with mastectomy, and all received anthracycline-based regimens in their pretransplant course; nine women also received a taxane, seven radiotherapy and three hormonal therapy. Four women were in complete remission (one CR, three CRU) at transplant, five were in partial remission, two had stable disease and two had progressive disease. Eight women have died, one of treatment-related causes and seven of progressive breast cancer. Three-year survival was 48% (21-71%) and 3-year PFS was 21% (5-45%). Although the number of patients is small, outcomes for women transplanted with syngeneic grafts are similar to those of women receiving autologous grafts. This suggests that residual cancer in the patient is the major contributor to relapse after transplantation for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rizzo
- International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, Health Policy Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate annual semen characteristics of pigeons (Columba livia). Ten selected male pigeons, aged 2 to 5 yr were housed under natural environmental conditions, and semen collection was conducted via a digital massage twice weekly throughout the year. The success rate of semen collection in a total of 920 attempts was 40% (371/920) over the whole year. The highest success rate was 69% (55/80) in March followed by 66% (53/80) in November, whereas the lowest rates were in August (13%,10/80) and September (13%, 8/60) (P < 0.01). Volume of the ejaculate averaged 11.0 +/- 0.9 microL (mean +/- SEM). The greatest volume was obtained in November (13.5 +/- 1.0 microL), whereas the least was obtained in August (7.0 +/- 1.0 microL). The average sperm motility was 72 +/- 2% of all ejaculates, of which the highest motility (82 +/- 2%) was observed in March, whereas the least motility (48 +/- 3%) was in August. Sperm viability and sperm motility were positively correlated (r = 0.91; P < 0.01). Maximum sperm concentration was 4.9 +/- 0.4 x 10(9) sperm/mL noted in March, whereas the minimum was 3.8 +/- 0.2 x 10(9) sperm/mL observed in October. Donors generally exhibited susceptible (54%) or dull submission (43%), whereas resistance to handling was rarely observed (3%). During collections, a red (47%) or pink (44%) cloacal membrane was often observed, whereas during only 9% of the collections, the cloacal membrane was pale. When the ambient temperature decreased below 15 C, semen could not be obtained (0/80). A high amount of semen (>10 microL) was obtained when the temperature ranged between 19 and 24 C. Optimal sperm motility (approximately 80%) and viability (>85%) was observed when the temperature was between 18 and 24 C. At temperatures greater than 28 C, sperm motility and viability decreased. Sperm concentration was not significantly influenced by temperature fluctuations. In summary, annual variation in semen characteristics exhibited two peaks per year with mean motility and viability reaching peak annual values in March and November. Both of these months had mean ambient temperatures between 19 and 24 C, a range associated with maximal ejaculatory volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC.
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Huang W, Sher YP, Delgado-West D, Wu JT, Peck K, Fung YC. Tissue remodeling of rat pulmonary artery in hypoxic breathing. I. Changes of morphology, zero-stress state, and gene expression. Ann Biomed Eng 2002; 29:535-51. [PMID: 11501619 DOI: 10.1114/1.1380416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the pulmonary arterial tissue in response to a step change of the oxygen concentration in the gas in which a rat lives was recorded as function of time and function of O2 concentration. Three steps of changing from 20.9% to 17.2%, 13.6%, and 10% O2 were imposed. Earlier work in our laboratory has shown that pulmonary arterial tissue remodeling is significant in the first 24 h after a step change of oxygen tension. Hence we made measurements in this period. Furthermore, data were obtained for tissue remodeling of circumferential and axial lengths of the pulmonary arteries. We recorded the activities of gene expressions in the lung tissues by microarray, determined the dose response curves of gene expression in the homogenized whole lungs with respect to four levels of O2 concentration, and obtained the time courses of gene expression in the lung parenchyma in 30 days after a step decrease of O2 concentration from 20.9% to 10%. We would like to suggest that the correlation of gene expression with physiological function parameters, i.e., time, O2 tension, blood pressure, opening angle, wall thicknesses, etc., is the way to narrow down the search for specific genes for specific physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0412, USA
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Huang W, Delgado-West D, Wu JT, Fung YC. Tissue remodeling of rat pulmonary artery in hypoxic breathing. II. Course of change of mechanical properties. Ann Biomed Eng 2002; 29:552-62. [PMID: 11501620 DOI: 10.1114/1.1380417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
When cells and the matrix of a tissue remodel, the mechanical properties of the tissue do change. The mechanical properties are expressed by constitutive equations. In this article the remodeling of the constitutive equation of the pulmonary artery is studied. The remodeling was induced in a rat breathing a gas whose oxygen concentration was suddenly decreased as a step function of time and maintained constant (17.2%, 13.6%, or 10%) afterwards. Since the mathematical form of the constitutive equation has been identified in earlier papers, we need to determine only the elastic constants that change in the process of tissue remodeling. We consider arteries subjected to blood pressure and longitudinal stretch, and limit ourselves to two-dimensional problems involving only circumferential and longitudinal stress and strain. In the neighborhood of an in vivo state, the perturbations of stresses and strains are related by linear, anisotropic, tensor equations involving three elastic constants: the incremental Young's modulus in the circumferential direction Ythetaz, that in the longitudinal direction Yzz, and the cross modulus Ythetaz. Over a 24 h period, changes of Ythetatheta between 164 and 187 kN/m2, Yzz between 64 and 92 kN/m2, and Ythetaz between 61 and 88 kN/m2 are statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0412, USA
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