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Felberg A, Bieńkowski M, Stokowy T, Myszczyński K, Polakiewicz Z, Kitowska K, Sądej R, Mohlin F, Kuźniewska A, Kowalska D, Stasiłojć G, Jongerius I, Spaapen R, Mesa-Guzman M, Montuenga LM, Blom AM, Pio R, Okrój M. Elevated expression of complement factor I in lung cancer cells associates with shorter survival-Potentially via non-canonical mechanism. Transl Res 2024; 269:1-13. [PMID: 38395390 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
While numerous membrane-bound complement inhibitors protect the body's cells from innate immunity's autoaggression, soluble inhibitors like complement factor I (FI) are rarely produced outside the liver. Previously, we reported the expression of FI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Now, we assessed the content of FI in cancer biopsies from lung cancer patients and associated the results with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. Immunohistochemical staining intensity did not correlate with age, smoking status, tumor size, stage, differentiation grade, and T cell infiltrates, but was associated with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Multivariate Cox analysis of low vs. high FI content revealed HR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.32-0.95, p=0.031 for PFS, HR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.25-1.02, p=0.055 for OS, and HR 0.32, 95 % CI 0.12-0.84, p=0.021 for DSS. Unfavorable prognosis might stem from the non-canonical role of FI, as the staining pattern did not correlate with C4d - the product of FI-supported degradation of active complement component C4b. To elucidate that, we engineered three human NSCLC cell lines naturally expressing FI with CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and compared the transcriptome of FI-deficient and FI-sufficient clones in each cell line. RNA sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes engaged in intracellular signaling pathways controlling proliferation, apoptosis, and responsiveness to growth factors. Moreover, in vitro colony-formation assays showed that FI-deficient cells formed smaller foci than FI-sufficient NSCLC cells, but their size increased when purified FI protein was added to the medium. We postulate that a non-canonical activity of FI influences cellular physiology and contributes to the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Felberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Scientific Computing Group, IT Division, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamil Myszczyński
- Centre of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Analysis, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Polakiewicz
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Frida Mohlin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Alicja Kuźniewska
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daria Kowalska
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stasiłojć
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Spaapen
- Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Mesa-Guzman
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Program in Solid Tumors, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcin Okrój
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1 street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Gorska-Arcisz M, Popeda M, Braun M, Piasecka D, Nowak JI, Kitowska K, Stasilojc G, Okroj M, Romanska HM, Sadej R. FGFR2-triggered autophagy and activation of Nrf-2 reduce breast cancer cell response to anti-ER drugs. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:71. [PMID: 38745155 PMCID: PMC11092031 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic abnormalities in the FGFR signalling occur in 40% of breast cancer (BCa) patients resistant to anti-ER therapy, which emphasizes the potential of FGFR-targeting strategies. Recent findings indicate that not only mutated FGFR is a driver of tumour progression but co-mutational landscapes and other markers should be also investigated. Autophagy has been recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying the role of tumour microenvironment in promotion of cancer cell survival, and resistance to anti-ER drugs. The selective autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 promotes Nrf-2 activation by Keap1/Nrf-2 complex dissociation. Herein, we have analysed whether the negative effect of FGFR2 on BCa cell response to anti-ER treatment involves the autophagy process and/or p62/Keap1/Nrf-2 axis. METHODS The activity of autophagy in ER-positive MCF7 and T47D BCa cell lines was determined by analysis of expression level of autophagy markers (p62 and LC3B) and monitoring of autophagosomes' maturation. Western blot, qPCR and proximity ligation assay were used to determine the Keap1/Nrf-2 interaction and Nrf-2 activation. Analysis of 3D cell growth in Matrigel® was used to assess BCa cell response to applied treatments. In silico gene expression analysis was performed to determine FGFR2/Nrf-2 prognostic value. RESULTS We have found that FGFR2 signalling induced autophagy in AMPKα/ULK1-dependent manner. FGFR2 activity promoted dissociation of Keap1/Nrf-2 complex and activation of Nrf-2. Both, FGFR2-dependent autophagy and activation of Nrf-2 were found to counteract the effect of anti-ER drugs on BCa cell growth. Moreover, in silico analysis showed that high expression of NFE2L2 (gene encoding Nrf-2) combined with high FGFR2 expression was associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS) of ER+ BCa patients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the unknown role of FGFR2 signalling in activation of autophagy and regulation of the p62/Keap1/Nrf-2 interdependence, which has a negative impact on the response of ER+ BCa cells to anti-ER therapies. The data from in silico analyses suggest that expression of Nrf-2 could act as a marker indicating potential benefits of implementation of anti-FGFR therapy in patients with ER+ BCa, in particular, when used in combination with anti-ER drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gorska-Arcisz
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Piasecka
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna I Nowak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stasilojc
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Okroj
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna M Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Mieczkowski K, Popeda M, Lesniak D, Sadej R, Kitowska K. FGFR2 Controls Growth, Adhesion and Migration of Nontumorigenic Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Regulation of Integrin β1 Degradation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:9. [PMID: 37191822 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), an important mediator of stromal paracrine and autocrine signals, in mammary gland morphogenesis and breast cancer has been extensively studied over the last years. However, the function of FGFR2 signalling in the initiation of mammary epithelial oncogenic transformation remains elusive. Here, FGFR2-dependent behaviour of nontumorigenic model of mammary epithelial cells was studied. In vitro analyses demonstrated that FGFR2 regulates epithelial cell communication with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Silencing of FGFR2 significantly changed the phenotype of cell colonies in three-dimensional cultures, decreased integrins α2, α5 and β1 protein levels and affected integrin-driven processes, such as cell adhesion and migration. More detailed analysis revealed the FGFR2 knock-down-induced proteasomal degradation of integrin β1. Analysis of RNA-seq databases showed significantly decreased FGFR2 and ITGB1 mRNA levels in breast tumour samples, when compared to non-transformed tissues. Additionally, high risk healthy individuals were found to have disrupted correlation profiles of genes associated with FGFR2 and integrin signalling, cell adhesion/migration and ECM remodelling. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that FGFR2 loss with concomitant integrin β1 degradation is responsible for deregulation of epithelial cell-ECM interactions and this process may play an important role in the initiation of mammary gland epithelial tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marta Popeda
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Lesniak
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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Mieczkowski K, Kitowska K, Braun M, Galikowska-Bogut B, Gorska-Arcisz M, Piasecka D, Stawiski K, Zaczek AJ, Nejc D, Kordek R, Romanska HM, Sadej R. FGF7/FGFR2-JunB signalling counteracts the effect of progesterone in luminal breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2823-2842. [PMID: 35726195 PMCID: PMC9348598 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)‐mediated signalling alters progesterone receptor (PR) activity and response of oestrogen receptor α (ER)‐positive (ER+) breast cancer (BCa) cell lines to anti‐ER agents. Little is known about whether the crosstalk between ER and PR, shown to be modulated by the hormonal background, might also be affected by FGFR2. Here, PR‐dependent behaviour of ER+ BCa cells was studied in the presence of oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) and/or FGF7. In vitro analyses showed that FGF7/FGFR2 signalling: (a) abolished the effect of P4 on E2‐promoted 3D cell growth and response to tamoxifen; (b) regulated ER and PR expression and activity; (c) increased formation of ER–PR complexes; and (d) reversed P4‐triggered deregulation of ER‐dependent genes. Analysis of clinical data demonstrated that the prognostic value of FGFR2 varied between patients with different menopausal status; that is, high expression of FGFR2 was significantly associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS) in postmenopausal patients, whereas there was no significant association in premenopausal patients. FGFR2 was found to positively correlate with the expression of JunB proto‐oncogene, AP‐1 transcription factor subunit (JUNB), an ER‐dependent gene, only in premenopausal patients. Molecular analyses revealed that the presence of JunB was a prerequisite for FGFR2‐mediated abrogation of P4‐induced inhibition of cell growth. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the FGF7/FGFR2–JunB axis abolishes the modulatory effects of PR on ER‐associated biological functions in premenopausal ER+ BCa. This may provide foundations for a better selection of patients for FGFR‐targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Galikowska-Bogut
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Gorska-Arcisz
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Piasecka
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna J Zaczek
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nejc
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna M Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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5
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Zarczynska I, Gorska-Arcisz M, Cortez AJ, Kujawa KA, Wilk AM, Skladanowski AC, Stanczak A, Skupinska M, Wieczorek M, Lisowska KM, Sadej R, Kitowska K. p38 Mediates Resistance to FGFR Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123363. [PMID: 34943871 PMCID: PMC8699485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR signalling is one of the most prominent pathways involved in cell growth and development as well as cancer progression. FGFR1 amplification occurs in approximately 20% of all squamous cell lung carcinomas (SCC), a predominant subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), indicating FGFR as a potential target for the new anti-cancer treatment. However, acquired resistance to this type of therapies remains a serious clinical challenge. Here, we investigated the NSCLC cell lines response and potential mechanism of acquired resistance to novel selective FGFR inhibitor CPL304110. We found that despite significant genomic differences between CPL304110-sensitive cell lines, their resistant variants were characterised by upregulated p38 expression/phosphorylation, as well as enhanced expression of genes involved in MAPK signalling. We revealed that p38 inhibition restored sensitivity to CPL304110 in these cells. Moreover, the overexpression of this kinase in parental cells led to impaired response to FGFR inhibition, thus confirming that p38 MAPK is a driver of resistance to a novel FGFR inhibitor. Taken together, our results provide an insight into the potential direction for NSCLC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zarczynska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Monika Gorska-Arcisz
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Alexander Jorge Cortez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Aleksandra Kujawa
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.A.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Agata Małgorzata Wilk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cezary Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Stanczak
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Monika Skupinska
- Preclinical Development Departament, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland;
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Marta Lisowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.A.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.K.)
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Pianka J, Gruba N, Kitowska K, Mieczkowski K, Wysocka M, Sądej R, Lesner A. Simplified Theta-defensin [Ser 3,7,12,16] RTD-2 Analog Is Involved in Proteasomal Degradation Pathway in Breast Cancer. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:5415-5423. [PMID: 34732410 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune response, regulate inflammation and initiate acquired immunity. This study focused on theta-defensins that have been shown to have anticancer properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS RTD-2 analogs were synthesized on a peptide synthesizer. Cell viability was estimated using the MTT test. Immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to determine the molecular partner of the [Ser3,7,12,16]-RTD-2 analog. RESULTS Here, we present the biologically active [Ser3,7,12,16]-RTD-2 analog that selectively targets various types of breast cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation protein-protein interaction studies showed eleven proteins common to MDA-MB-231 and T47D cell lines. Taking into account their cellular location, it can be concluded that the synthesized peptide interacts mainly with nuclear proteins, which correlates with the obtained microscopic image. CONCLUSION Proteins that interact strongly with the [Ser3,7,12,16]-RTD-2 analog are closely related to the proteasomal protein degradation pathway. As the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is markedly increased in patients with breast cancer, it is likely that selective modulation of this system may be a useful method for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pianka
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafał Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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7
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Kitowska K, Gorska-Arcisz M, Antoun D, Zarczynska I, Czaplinska D, Szczepaniak A, Skladanowski AC, Wieczorek M, Stanczak A, Skupinska M, Sadej R. MET-Pyk2 Axis Mediates Acquired Resistance to FGFR Inhibition in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:633410. [PMID: 33898310 PMCID: PMC8059549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.633410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) signaling, as a result of FGFR amplification, chromosomal translocation, or mutations, is involved in both initiation and progression of a wide range of human cancers. Clinical data demonstrating the dependence of cancer cells on FGFRs signaling clearly indicate these receptors as the molecular targets of anti-cancer therapies. Despite the increasing number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) being investigated in clinical trials, acquired resistance to these drugs poses a serious therapeutic problem. In this study, we focused on a novel pan-FGFR inhibitor-CPL304110, currently being investigated in phase I clinical trials in adults with advanced solid malignancies. We analyzed the sensitivity of 17 cell lines derived from cancers with aberrant FGFR signaling, i.e. non-small cell lung cancer, gastric and bladder cancer to CPL304110. In order to explore the mechanism of acquired resistance to this FGFR inhibitor, we developed from sensitive cell lines their variants resistant to CPL304110. Herein, for the first time we revealed that the process of acquired resistance to the novel FGFR inhibitor was associated with increased expression of MET in lung, gastric, and bladder cancer cells. Overexpression of MET in NCI-H1703, SNU-16, RT-112 cells as well as treatment with HGF resulted in the impaired response to inhibition of FGFR activity. Moreover, we demonstrated that cells with acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitor as well as cells overexpressing MET displayed enhanced migratory abilities what was accompanied with increased levels of Pyk2 expression. Importantly, inhibition of both MET and Pyk2 activity restored sensitivity to FGFR inhibition in these cells. Our results demonstrate that the HGF/MET-Pyk2 signaling axis confers resistance to the novel FGFR inhibitor, and this mechanism is common for lung, gastric, and bladder cancer cells. Our study suggests that targeting of MET/Pyk2 could be an approach to overcome resistance to FGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Gorska-Arcisz
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dima Antoun
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Zarczynska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Czaplinska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szczepaniak
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej C Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma, Lomianki/Kielpin, Poland
| | | | - Monika Skupinska
- Innovative Drugs R&D Department, Celon Pharma, Lomianki/Kielpin, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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8
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Piasecka D, Braun M, Kitowska K, Mieczkowski K, Kordek R, Sadej R, Romanska H. FGFs/FGFRs-dependent signalling in regulation of steroid hormone receptors - implications for therapy of luminal breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:230. [PMID: 31142340 PMCID: PMC6542018 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stromal stimuli mediated by growth factor receptors, leading to ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors, have long been implicated in development of breast cancer resistance to endocrine therapy. Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes have been associated with a higher incidence and progression of breast cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that FGFR-mediated interaction between luminal invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) and its microenvironment contributes to the progression to hormone-independence. Therapeutic strategies based on FGFR inhibitors hold promise for overcoming resistance to the ER-targeting treatment. A series of excellent reviews discuss a potential role of FGFR in development of IDC. Here, we provide a concise updated summary of existing literature on FGFR-mediated signalling with an emphasis on an interaction between FGFR and estrogen/progesterone receptors (ER/PR) in IDC. Focusing on the regulatory role of tumour microenvironment in the activity of steroid hormone receptors, we compile the available functional data on FGFRs-mediated signalling, as a fundamental mechanism of luminal IDC progression and failure of anti-ER treatment. We also highlight the translational value of the presented findings and summarize ongoing oncologic clinical trials investigating FGFRs inhibition in interventional studies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Piasecka
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radzislaw Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Hanna Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Piasecka D, Kitowska K, Czaplinska D, Mieczkowski K, Mieszkowska M, Turczyk L, Skladanowski AC, Zaczek AJ, Biernat W, Kordek R, Romanska HM, Sadej R. Fibroblast growth factor signalling induces loss of progesterone receptor in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86011-86025. [PMID: 27852068 PMCID: PMC5349893 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGFR2), signalling via ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), promotes progression of breast cancer (BCa). Loss of progesterone receptor (PR), whose activity in BCa cells can be stimulated by growth factor receptors (GFRs), is associated with poor patient outcome. Here we showed that FGF7/FGFR2 triggered phosphorylation of PR at Ser294, PR ubiquitination and subsequent receptor`s degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway in BCa cells. We further demonstrated that RSK2 mediated FGF7/FGFR2-induced PR downregulation. In addition, a strong synergistic effect of FGF7 and progesterone (Pg), reflected in the enhanced anchorage-independent growth and cell migration, was observed. Analysis of clinical material demonstrated that expression of PR inversely correlated with activated RSK (RSK-P) (p = 0.016). Patients with RSK-P(+)/PR(–) tumours had 3.629-fold higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.002), when compared with the rest of the cohort. Moreover, RSK-P(+)/PR(–) phenotype was shown as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.006). These results indicate that the FGF7/FGFR2-RSK2 axis promotes PR turnover and activity, which may sensitize BCa cells to stromal stimuli and contribute to the progression toward steroid hormone negative BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Piasecka
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Czaplinska
- Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamil Mieczkowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mieszkowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Turczyk
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej C Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna J Zaczek
- Department of Cell Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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Kitowska K, Kowalska A, Mieszkowska M, Piasecka D, Skladanowski AC, Romanska HM, Sadej R. Progesterone impairs Herceptin effect on breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1817-1822. [PMID: 29434878 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) occurs in ~20-25% of invasive ductal breast carcinomas and is associated with the more aggressive phenotype. Herceptin, a humanized antibody against HER2, is a standard therapy in HER2-overexpressing cases. Approximately one-third of patients relapse despite treatment. Therefore numerous studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with Herceptin resistance. An interaction between HER2 signalling and steroid hormone receptor signalling pathways has been previously investigated, but the effect of this relationship on Herceptin resistance has never been studied. The present study analysed an impact of the steroid hormone, progesterone (PG), on Herceptin-dependent cell growth inhibition. Results indicated that Herceptin-inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cell lines overexpressing HER2 (BT474 and MCF/HER2) in 3D culture is abolished by PG. Furthermore, results demonstrated that PG led to the activation of HER2/HER3-mediated signalling. Moreover, PG treatment induced a shift of Herceptin-dependent cell cycle arrest in G1 phase towards S and G2 phases with concomitant upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and downregulation of CDK inhibitor p27Kip1. These results demonstrate for the first time PG involvement in the failure of Herceptin treatment in vitro. The present observations suggest that cross-talk between PG- and HRG/HER2-initiated signalling pathways may lead to the acquisition of resistance to Herceptin in patients with BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mieszkowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
| | - Dominika Piasecka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-410, Poland
| | - Andrzej C Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
| | - Hanna M Romanska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-410, Poland
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
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11
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Michalska D, Jaguszewska K, Liss J, Kitowska K, Mirecka A, Łukaszuk K. Comparison of whole genome amplification and nested-PCR methods for preimplantation genetic diagnosis for BRCA1 gene mutation on unfertilized oocytes-a pilot study. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2013; 11:10. [PMID: 23941236 PMCID: PMC3751838 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-11-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) remains nowadays a valid alternative for couples at high-risk of having a child with a genetic disease and for women older than 37–40 years with the high risk of chromosomal aneuploidies in the embryos. However the use of PGD for high penetrance recessive, dominant and X-liked disorders occurring in early life is documented, debate exists regarding its appropriateness in lower penetrance and late-onset cancer susceptibility syndromes. The data regarding the efficacy of different molecular techniques used in PGD are still lacking. We therefore sought to assess the different molecular techniques used in PGD for detecting three most frequent BRCA1 gene mutations: 5382insC, 185delAG and C61G. Methods Anonymous donors of the oocytes and control healthy blood samples were extracted and analyzed in the Fertility and Reproductive Center Invicta in Gdansk. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for the most frequent mutations: 185delAG, 5382insC, C61G in BRCA 1 gene was carried out on single, unfertilized oocytes, in metaphase of second meiotic division, not qualified to IVF. Positive mutation controls were represented by cell lines from the Coriell Institute for Medical Research: GM14090 (185delAG), GM14097 (C61G), GM13715 (5382insC). Results Repeatability of the results acquired from the WGA analysis for the mutation 5382insC was 38%. The repeatability of the nested-PCR analysis in the second round of the amplification was labile for the mutation 5382insC and 185delAG and was ranged from 47% to 57%. However, the repeatability for the mutation C61G was 100%. Conclusions Our results suggest that the nested-PCR technique remains more sensitive and specific method as compared to WGA. WGA performed on the single cells did not reflect expected results. The repeatability of the WGA methodology remains questionable, and any analysis attempt does not guarantee reliable results. Further evaluation is strongly needed to propose the most accurate molecular technique used in PGD for detecting three most frequent BRCA1 gene mutations: 5382insC, 185delAG and C61G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Michalska
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Rajska 10, Gdansk, 80-850, Poland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kinga Jaguszewska
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Rajska 10, Gdansk, 80-850, Poland
| | - Joanna Liss
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Rajska 10, Gdansk, 80-850, Poland
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Rajska 10, Gdansk, 80-850, Poland
| | - Agata Mirecka
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Rajska 10, Gdansk, 80-850, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Łukaszuk
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Rajska 10, Gdansk, 80-850, Poland.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Endocrinology, University of Varmia and Masuria, Olsztyn, Poland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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12
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Liss J, Mirecka A, Kitowska K, Łukaszuk K. Diagnostyka preimplantacyjna w kierunku niedosłuchu wrodzonego z mutacją 35delG w genie GJB2 – doniesienie wstępne. Otolaryngol Pol 2011; 65:443-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(11)70738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Chrobak I, Banthien N, Kitowska K, Königshoff M, Seeger W, Eickelberg O. Imbalanced expression of the type I TGF-beta receptors ALK-1 and ALK-5 in pulmonary fibrosis. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Königshoff M, Jahn A, Kitowska K, Amarie O, Rose F, Fink L, Seeger W, Guenther A, Eickelberg O. WISP1: A novel regulator of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis amenable to therapeutic intervention. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1032272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Chrobak I, Banthien N, Königshoff M, Kitowska K, Eickelberg O. Imbalanced expression of the type I TGF-beta receptors ALK-1 and ALK-5 in pulmonary fibrosis. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1032269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Kitowska K, Zakrzewicz D, Königshoff M, Chrobak I, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Bulau P, Eickelberg O. Functional role and species-specific contribution of arginases in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 294:L34-45. [PMID: 17934065 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is characterized by increased deposition of ECM, especially collagens, and enhanced proliferation of fibroblasts. l-arginine is a key precursor of nitric oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and proline, an amino acid enriched in collagen. We hypothesized that l-arginine metabolism is altered in pulmonary fibrosis, ultimately affecting collagen synthesis. Expression analysis of key enzymes in the arginine pathway, protein arginine methyltransferases (Prmt), arginine transporters, and arginases by quantitative (q) RT-PCR and Western blot revealed significant upregulation of arginase-1 and -2, but not Prmt or arginine transporters, during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. HPLC revealed a concomitant, time-dependent decrease in pulmonary l-arginine levels. Arginase-1 and -2 mRNA and protein expression was increased in primary fibroblasts isolated from bleomycin-treated mice, compared with controls, and assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. TGF-beta1, a key profibrotic mediator, induced arginase-1 and -2 mRNA expression in primary and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with the arginase inhibitor, NG-hydroxy-l-arginine, attenuated TGF-beta1-stimulated collagen deposition, but not collagen mRNA expression or Smad signaling, in fibroblasts. In human lungs derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, arginase activity was unchanged, but arginase-1 expression significantly decreased when compared with donor lungs. Our results thus demonstrate that arginase-1 is expressed and functionally important for collagen deposition in lung fibroblasts. TGF-beta1-induced upregulation of arginase-1 suggests an interplay between profibrotic agents and l-arginine metabolism during the course of lung fibrosis in the mouse, whereas species-specific regulatory mechanisms may account for the differences observed in mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Medicine II, Univ. of Giessen School of Medicine, Aulweg 123, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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17
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Jayachandran A, Koenigshoff M, Hecker M, Yu H, Rupniewska E, Kitowska K, Seeger W, Eickelberg O. Snail and Slug are Key Mediators of TGF-beta-induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Fibrosis. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Konigshoff M, Wilhelm J, Jahn A, Amarie O, Kitowska K, Wilhelm A, Bohle R, Seeger W, Rose F, Fink L, Guenther A, Eickelberg O. Wnt-inducible protein (WISP-1) is a key regulator of alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bulau P, Zakrzewicz D, Kitowska K, Leiper J, Gunther A, Grimminger F, Eickelberg O. Analysis of methylarginine metabolism in the cardiovascular system identifies the lung as a major source of ADMA. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L18-24. [PMID: 16891395 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00076.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Three forms of methylarginine have been identified in eukaryotes: monomethylarginine (l-NMMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), all characterized by methylation of one or both guanidine nitrogen atoms of arginine. l-NMMA and ADMA, but not SDMA, are competitive inhibitors of all nitric oxide synthase isoforms. SDMA is eliminated almost entirely by renal excretion, whereas l-NMMA and ADMA are further metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). To explore the interplay between methylarginine synthesis and degradation in vivo, we determined PRMT expression and DDAH activity in mouse lung, heart, liver, and kidney homogenates. In addition, we employed HPLC-based quantification of protein-incorporated and free methylarginine, combined with immunoblotting for the assessment of tissue-specific patterns of arginine methylation. The salient findings of the present investigation can be summarized as follows: 1) pulmonary expression of type I PRMTs was correlated with enhanced protein arginine methylation; 2) pulmonary ADMA degradation was undertaken by DDAH1; 3) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum exhibited almost identical ADMA/SDMA ratios, and 4) kidney and liver provide complementary routes for clearance and metabolic conversion of circulating ADMA. Together, these observations suggest that methylarginine metabolism by the pulmonary system significantly contributes to circulating ADMA and SDMA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bulau
- Lung Center, University of Giessen School of Medicine, Aulweg 123, D-35329 Giessen, Germany.
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Bulau P, Zakrzewicz D, Kitowska K, Seeger W, Eickelberg O. Quantitative Bestimmung von asymmetrischem Dimethylarginin (ADMA) in Organen des kardiovaskulären Systems. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Bulau P, Zakrzewicz D, Kitowska K, Wardega B, Kreuder J, Eickelberg O. Quantitative assessment of arginine methylation in free versus protein-incorporated amino acids in vitro and in vivo using protein hydrolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Biotechniques 2006; 40:305-10. [PMID: 16568819 DOI: 10.2144/000112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation constitutes a posttranslational modification dependent on the action of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor, PRMTs catalyze the formation of monomethylarginine (L-NMMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), or symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA). Protein arginine methylation is involved in the regulation of signal transduction, RNA export, and cell proliferation, but a quantitative view of arginine methylation of the cell and tissue proteome remains to be performed. In this study, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based method to accurately quantify methylated arginines in free and protein-incorporated amino acid pools of cell and tissue extracts, using protein precipitation and hydrolysis, HPLC separation, and fluorescence detection for the simultaneous quantification of L-arginine (L-Arg), L-NMMA, ADMA, and SDMA. This method permits accurate assessment of the degree of protein arginine methylation in complex biological samples. Using this method, we determined dynamic changes in protein methylation in vitro in cells subjected to proteasome inhibition. We furthermore demonstrate differential methylation patterns in heart and kidney lysates in vivo. Thus, the described method will greatly facilitate our understanding of the role of arginine methylation in physiology and pathophysiology and of the effects of pharmacological interventions on arginine methylation in select cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bulau
- University of Giessen Lung Center, University of Giessen School of Medicine, Germany.
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