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Deyell RJ, Shen Y, Titmuss E, Dixon K, Williamson LM, Pleasance E, Nelson JMT, Abbasi S, Krzywinski M, Armstrong L, Bonakdar M, Ch'ng C, Chuah E, Dunham C, Fok A, Jones M, Lee AF, Ma Y, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Mungall KL, Rogers PC, Schrader KA, Virani A, Wee K, Young SS, Zhao Y, Jones SJM, Laskin J, Marra MA, Rassekh SR. Whole genome and transcriptome integrated analyses guide clinical care of pediatric poor prognosis cancers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4165. [PMID: 38755180 PMCID: PMC11099106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The role for routine whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) for poor prognosis pediatric cancers remains undetermined. Here, we characterize somatic mutations, structural rearrangements, copy number variants, gene expression, immuno-profiles and germline cancer predisposition variants in children and adolescents with relapsed, refractory or poor prognosis malignancies who underwent somatic WGTA and matched germline sequencing. Seventy-nine participants with a median age at enrollment of 8.8 y (range 6 months to 21.2 y) are included. Germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants are identified in 12% of participants, of which 60% were not known prior. Therapeutically actionable variants are identified by targeted gene report and whole genome in 32% and 62% of participants, respectively, and increase to 96% after integrating transcriptome analyses. Thirty-two molecularly informed therapies are pursued in 28 participants with 54% achieving a clinical benefit rate; objective response or stable disease ≥6 months. Integrated WGTA identifies therapeutically actionable variants in almost all tumors and are directly translatable to clinical care of children with poor prognosis cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Deyell
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emma Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Williamson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica M T Nelson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sanna Abbasi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Krzywinski
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melika Bonakdar
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carolyn Ch'ng
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Chuah
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris Dunham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Fok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna F Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yussanne Ma
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul C Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alice Virani
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathleen Wee
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sean S Young
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shahrad R Rassekh
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Elbert A, Dixon K, Shen Y, Hamilton S, Boerkoel CF, Jones SJ, Kanungo AK. Mitofusin 2 Variant Presenting With a Phenotype of Multiple System Atrophy of Cerebellar Subtype. Neurol Genet 2024; 10:e200114. [PMID: 38170145 PMCID: PMC10759145 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the etiology of cerebellar ataxia in an adult male patient. Methods We performed standard neurologic assessment and genome sequencing of a 62-year-old man with rapidly progressive balance and gait abnormalities. Results The propositus exhibited cognitive dysfunction, mild appendicular bradykinesia, prominent appendicular ataxia, dysarthria, and hypomimia with minimal dysautonomic symptoms. Nerve conduction studies showed mild peripheral sensory neuropathy and normal motor nerve conduction velocities. Brain imaging showed progressive cerebellar atrophy and gliosis of the olivopontocerebellar fibers, characterized by T2 hyperintensity within the pons. Genetic testing revealed a likely pathogenic germline variant in MFN2 (NM_014874: c.[838C>T];[=], p.(R280C)) in the GTPase domain (G) interface; pathogenic variants of MFN2 typically cause hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy VI or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2A. The presence of progressive ataxia, "hot cross bun" sign, and dysautonomia has been associated with multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type (MSA-C). Discussion We describe progressive cerebellar ataxia in an individual with a deleterious variant in MFN2. Our findings suggest that pathogenic variants in MFN2 can result in a spectrum of phenotypes including cerebellar ataxia with cerebellar-pontine atrophy in the absence of significant neuropathy and in a manner closely resembling MSA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Elbert
- From the Department of Medical Genetics (A.E., K.D., C.F.B., S.J.J.), University of British Columbia; Provincial Medical Genetics Program (A.E., S.H., C.B.), B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (K.D., Y.S., S.J.J.), BC Cancer; Fraser Health Movement Disorders Clinic (A.K.K.), Jim Pattison Outpatient Care and Surgery Centre, Surrey; and Department of Medicine (A.K.K.), Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katherine Dixon
- From the Department of Medical Genetics (A.E., K.D., C.F.B., S.J.J.), University of British Columbia; Provincial Medical Genetics Program (A.E., S.H., C.B.), B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (K.D., Y.S., S.J.J.), BC Cancer; Fraser Health Movement Disorders Clinic (A.K.K.), Jim Pattison Outpatient Care and Surgery Centre, Surrey; and Department of Medicine (A.K.K.), Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- From the Department of Medical Genetics (A.E., K.D., C.F.B., S.J.J.), University of British Columbia; Provincial Medical Genetics Program (A.E., S.H., C.B.), B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (K.D., Y.S., S.J.J.), BC Cancer; Fraser Health Movement Disorders Clinic (A.K.K.), Jim Pattison Outpatient Care and Surgery Centre, Surrey; and Department of Medicine (A.K.K.), Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sara Hamilton
- From the Department of Medical Genetics (A.E., K.D., C.F.B., S.J.J.), University of British Columbia; Provincial Medical Genetics Program (A.E., S.H., C.B.), B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (K.D., Y.S., S.J.J.), BC Cancer; Fraser Health Movement Disorders Clinic (A.K.K.), Jim Pattison Outpatient Care and Surgery Centre, Surrey; and Department of Medicine (A.K.K.), Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- From the Department of Medical Genetics (A.E., K.D., C.F.B., S.J.J.), University of British Columbia; Provincial Medical Genetics Program (A.E., S.H., C.B.), B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (K.D., Y.S., S.J.J.), BC Cancer; Fraser Health Movement Disorders Clinic (A.K.K.), Jim Pattison Outpatient Care and Surgery Centre, Surrey; and Department of Medicine (A.K.K.), Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven J Jones
- From the Department of Medical Genetics (A.E., K.D., C.F.B., S.J.J.), University of British Columbia; Provincial Medical Genetics Program (A.E., S.H., C.B.), B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (K.D., Y.S., S.J.J.), BC Cancer; Fraser Health Movement Disorders Clinic (A.K.K.), Jim Pattison Outpatient Care and Surgery Centre, Surrey; and Department of Medicine (A.K.K.), Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anish K Kanungo
- From the Department of Medical Genetics (A.E., K.D., C.F.B., S.J.J.), University of British Columbia; Provincial Medical Genetics Program (A.E., S.H., C.B.), B.C. Women's Hospital and Health Centre; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (K.D., Y.S., S.J.J.), BC Cancer; Fraser Health Movement Disorders Clinic (A.K.K.), Jim Pattison Outpatient Care and Surgery Centre, Surrey; and Department of Medicine (A.K.K.), Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Viscarra Rossel RA, Webster R, Zhang M, Shen Z, Dixon K, Wang YP, Walden L. How much organic carbon could the soil store? The carbon sequestration potential of Australian soil. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17053. [PMID: 38273544 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Soil is a huge carbon (C) reservoir, but where and how much extra C can be stored is unknown. Current methods to estimate the maximum amount of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) stabilized in the fine fraction (clay + silt,< 20 μm $$ <20\;\upmu \mathrm{m} $$ ) fit through the MAOC versus clay + silt relationship, not their maxima, making their estimates more uncertain and unreliable. We need a function that 'envelopes' that relationship. Here, using 5089 observations, we estimated that the uppermost 30 cm of Australian soil holds 13 Gt (10-18 Gt) of MAOC. We then fitted frontier lines, by soil type, to the relationship between MAOC and the percentage of clay + silt to estimate the maximum amounts of MAOC that Australian soils could store in their current environments, and calculated the MAOC deficit, or C sequestration potential. We propagated the uncertainties from the frontier line fitting and mapped the estimates of these values over Australia using machine learning and kriging with external drift. The maps show regions where the soil is more in MAOC deficit and has greater sequestration potential. The modelling shows that the variation over the whole continent is determined mainly by climate, linked to vegetation and soil mineralogy. We find that the MAOC deficit in Australian soil is 40 Gt (25-60 Gt). The deficit in the vast rangelands is 20.84 Gt (13.97-29.70 Gt) and the deficit in cropping soil is 1.63 Gt (1.12-2.32 Gt). Management could increase C sequestration in these regions if the climate allowed it. Our findings provide new information on the C sequestration potential of Australian soils and highlight priority regions for soil management. Australia could benefit environmentally, socially and economically by unlocking even a tiny portion of its soil's C sequestration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Viscarra Rossel
- Soil & Landscape Science, School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - M Zhang
- Soil & Landscape Science, School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Z Shen
- Soil & Landscape Science, School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Dixon
- School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y-P Wang
- CSIRO Environment, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Walden
- Soil & Landscape Science, School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Dixon K, Shen Y, O'Neill K, Mungall KL, Chan S, Bilobram S, Zhang W, Bezeau M, Sharma A, Fok A, Mungall AJ, Moore R, Bosdet I, Thibodeau ML, Sun S, Yip S, Schrader KA, Jones SJM. Defining the heterogeneity of unbalanced structural variation underlying breast cancer susceptibility by nanopore genome sequencing. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:602-606. [PMID: 36797466 PMCID: PMC10172360 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline structural variants (SVs) are challenging to resolve by conventional genetic testing assays. Long-read sequencing has improved the global characterization of SVs, but its sensitivity at cancer susceptibility loci has not been reported. Nanopore long-read genome sequencing was performed for nineteen individuals with pathogenic copy number alterations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and PALB2 identified by prior clinical testing. Fourteen variants, which spanned single exons to whole genes and included a tandem duplication, were accurately represented. Defining the precise breakpoints of SVs in BRCA1 and CHEK2 revealed unforeseen allelic heterogeneity and informed the mechanisms underlying the formation of recurrent deletions. Integrating read-based and statistical phasing further helped define extended haplotypes associated with founder alleles. Long-read sequencing is a sensitive method for characterizing private, recurrent and founder SVs underlying breast cancer susceptibility. Our findings demonstrate the potential for nanopore sequencing as a powerful genetic testing assay in the hereditary cancer setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kieran O'Neill
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon Chan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steve Bilobram
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Alexandra Fok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Bosdet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - My Linh Thibodeau
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie Sun
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Nadarajah R, Ludman P, Appelman Y, Brugaletta S, Budaj A, Bueno H, Huber K, Kunadian V, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Milasinovic D, Gale CP, Budaj A, Dagres N, Danchin N, Delgado V, Emberson J, Friberg O, Gale CP, Heyndrickx G, Iung B, James S, Kappetein AP, Maggioni AP, Maniadakis N, Nagy KV, Parati G, Petronio AS, Pietila M, Prescott E, Ruschitzka F, Van de Werf F, Weidinger F, Zeymer U, Gale CP, Beleslin B, Budaj A, Chioncel O, Dagres N, Danchin N, Emberson J, Erlinge D, Glikson M, Gray A, Kayikcioglu M, Maggioni AP, Nagy KV, Nedoshivin A, Petronio AP, Roos-Hesselink JW, Wallentin L, Zeymer U, Popescu BA, Adlam D, Caforio ALP, Capodanno D, Dweck M, Erlinge D, Glikson M, Hausleiter J, Iung B, Kayikcioglu M, Ludman P, Lund L, Maggioni AP, Matskeplishvili S, Meder B, Nagy KV, Nedoshivin A, Neglia D, Pasquet AA, Roos-Hesselink JW, Rossello FJ, Shaheen SM, Torbica A, Gale CP, Ludman PF, Lettino M, Bueno H, Huber K, Leonardi S, Budaj A, Milasinovic (Serbia) D, Brugaletta S, Appelman Y, Kunadian V, Al Mahmeed WAR, Kzhdryan H, Dumont C, Geppert A, Bajramovic NS, Cader FA, Beauloye C, Quesada D, Hlinomaz O, Liebetrau C, Marandi T, Shokry K, Bueno H, Kovacevic M, Crnomarkovic B, Cankovic M, Dabovic D, Jarakovic M, Pantic T, Trajkovic M, Pupic L, Ruzicic D, Cvetanovic D, Mansourati J, Obradovic I, Stankovic M, Loh PH, Kong W, Poh KK, Sia CH, Saw K, Liška D, Brozmannová D, Gbur M, Gale CP, Maxian R, Kovacic D, Poznic NG, Keric T, Kotnik G, Cercek M, Steblovnik K, Sustersic M, Cercek AC, Djokic I, Maisuradze D, Drnovsek B, Lipar L, Mocilnik M, Pleskovic A, Lainscak M, Crncic D, Nikojajevic I, Tibaut M, Cigut M, Leskovar B, Sinanis T, Furlan T, Grilj V, Rezun M, Mateo VM, Anguita MJF, Bustinza ICM, Quintana RB, Cimadevilla OCF, Fuertes J, Lopez F, Dharma S, Martin MD, Martinez L, Barrabes JA, Bañeras J, Belahnech Y, Ferreira-Gonzalez I, Jordan P, Lidon RM, Mila L, Sambola A, Orvin K, Sionis A, Bragagnini W, Cambra AD, Simon C, Burdeus MV, Ariza-Solé A, Alegre O, Alsina M, Ferrando JIL, Bosch X, Sinha A, Vidal P, Izquierdo M, Marin F, Esteve-Pastor MA, Tello-Montoliu A, Lopez-Garcia C, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Gil-Pérez P, Nicolas-Franco S, Keituqwa I, Farhan HA, Silva L, Blasco A, Escudier JM, Ortega J, Zamorano JL, Sanmartin M, Pereda DC, Rincon LM, Gonzalez P, Casado T, Sadeghipour P, Lopez-Sendon JL, Manjavacas AMI, Marin LAM, Sotelo LR, Rodriguez SOR, Bueno H, Martin R, Maruri R, Moreno G, Moris C, Gudmundsdottir I, Avanzas P, Ayesta A, Junco-Vicente A, Cubero-Gallego H, Pascual I, Sola NB, Rodriguez OA, Malagon L, Martinez-Basterra J, Arizcuren AM, Indolfi C, Romero J, Calleja AG, Fuertes DG, Crespín Crespín M, Bernal FJC, Ojeda FB, Padron AL, Cabeza MM, Vargas CM, Yanes G, Kitai T, Gonzalez MJG, Gonzalez Gonzalez J, Jorge P, De La Fuente B, Bermúdez MG, Perez-Lopez CMB, Basiero AB, Ruiz AC, Pamias RF, Chamero PS, Mirrakhimov E, Hidalgo-Urbano R, Garcia-Rubira JC, Seoane-Garcia T, Arroyo-Monino DF, Ruiz AB, Sanz-Girgas E, Bonet G, Rodríguez-López J, Scardino C, De Sousa D, Gustiene O, Elbasheer E, Humida A, Mahmoud H, Mohamed A, Hamid E, Hussein S, Abdelhameed M, Ali T, Ali Y, Eltayeb M, Philippe F, Ali M, Almubarak E, Badri M, Altaher S, Alla MD, Dellborg M, Dellborg H, Hultsberg-Olsson G, Marjeh YB, Abdin A, Erglis A, Alhussein F, Mgazeel F, Hammami R, Abid L, Bahloul A, Charfeddine S, Ellouze T, Canpolat U, Oksul M, Muderrisoglu H, Popovici M, Karacaglar E, Akgun A, Ari H, Ari S, Can V, Tuncay B, Kaya H, Dursun L, Kalenderoglu K, Tasar O, Kalpak O, Kilic S, Kucukosmanoglu M, Aytekin V, Baydar O, Demirci Y, Gürsoy E, Kilic A, Yildiz Ö, Arat-Ozkan A, Sinan UY, Dagva M, Gungor B, Sekerci SS, Zeren G, Erturk M, Demir AR, Yildirim C, Can C, Kayikcioglu M, Yagmur B, Oney S, Xuereb RG, Sabanoglu C, Inanc IH, Ziyrek M, Sen T, Astarcioglu MA, Kahraman F, Utku O, Celik A, Surmeli AO, Basaran O, Ahmad WAW, Demirbag R, Besli F, Gungoren F, Ingabire P, Mondo C, Ssemanda S, Semu T, Mulla AA, Atos JS, Wajid I, Appelman Y, Al Mahmeed WAR, Atallah B, Bakr K, Garrod R, Makia F, Eldeeb F, Abdekader R, Gomaa A, Kandasamy S, Maruthanayagam R, Nadar SK, Nakad G, Nair R, Mota P, Prior P, Mcdonald S, Rand J, Schumacher N, Abraheem A, Clark M, Coulding M, Qamar N, Turner V, Negahban AQ, Crew A, Hope S, Howson J, Jones S, Lancaster N, Nicholson A, Wray G, Donnelly P, Gierlotka M, Hammond L, Hammond S, Regan S, Watkin R, Papadopoulos C, Ludman P, Hutton K, Macdonald S, Nilsson A, Roberts S, Monteiro S, Garg S, Balachandran K, Mcdonald J, Singh R, Marsden K, Davies K, Desai H, Goddard W, Iqbal N, Chalil S, Dan GA, Galasko G, Assaf O, Benham L, Brown J, Collins S, Fleming C, Glen J, Mitchell M, Preston S, Uttley A, Radovanovic M, Lindsay S, Akhtar N, Atkinson C, Vinod M, Wilson A, Clifford P, Firoozan S, Yashoman M, Bowers N, Chaplin J, Reznik EV, Harvey S, Kononen M, Lopesdesousa G, Saraiva F, Sharma S, Cruddas E, Law J, Young E, Hoye A, Harper P, Balghith M, Rowe K, Been M, Cummins H, French E, Gibson C, Abraham JA, Hobson S, Kay A, Kent M, Wilkinson A, Mohamed A, Clark S, Duncan L, Ahmed IM, Khatiwada D, Mccarrick A, Wanda I, Read P, Afsar A, Rivers V, Theobald T, Cercek M, Bell S, Buckman C, Francis R, Peters G, Stables R, Morgan M, Noorzadeh M, Taylor B, Twiss S, Widdows P, Brozmannová D, Wilkinson V, Black M, Clark A, Clarkson N, Currie J, George L, Mcgee C, Izzat L, Lewis T, Omar Z, Aytekin V, Phillips S, Ahmed F, Mackie S, Oommen A, Phillips H, Sherwood M, Aleti S, Charles T, Jose M, Kolakaluri L, Ingabire P, Karoudi RA, Deery J, Hazelton T, Knight A, Price C, Turney S, Kardos A, Williams F, Wren L, Bega G, Alyavi B, Scaletta D, Kunadian V, Cullen K, Jones S, Kirkup E, Ripley DP, Matthews IG, Mcleod A, Runnett C, Thomas HE, Cartasegna L, Gunarathne A, Burton J, King R, Quinn J, Sobolewska J, Munt S, Porter J, Christenssen V, Leng K, Peachey T, Gomez VN, Temple N, Wells K, Viswanathan G, Taneja A, Cann E, Eglinton C, Hyams B, Jones E, Reed F, Smith J, Beltrano C, Affleck DC, Turner A, Ward T, Wilmshurst N, Stirrup J, Brunton M, Whyte A, Smith S, Murray V, Walker R, Novas V, Weston C, Brown C, Collier D, Curtis K, Dixon K, Wells T, Trim F, Ghosh J, Mavuri M, Barman L, Dumont C, Elliott K, Harrison R, Mallinson J, Neale T, Smith J, Toohie J, Turnbull A, Parker E, Hossain R, Cheeseman M, Balparda H, Hill J, Hood M, Hutchinson D, Mellows K, Pendlebury C, Storey RF, Barker J, Birchall K, Denney H, Housley K, Cardona M, Middle J, Kukreja N, Gati S, Kirk P, Lynch M, Srinivasan M, Szygula J, Baker P, Cruz C, Derigay J, Cigalini C, Lamb K, Nembhard S, Price A, Mamas M, Massey I, Wain J, Delaney J, Junejo S, Martin K, Obaid D, Hoyle V, Brinkworth E, Davies C, Evans D, Richards S, Thomas C, Williams M, Dayer M, Mills H, Roberts K, Goodchild F, Dámaso ES, Greig N, Kundu S, Donaldson D, Tonks L, Beekes M, Button H, Hurford F, Motherwell N, Summers-Wall J, Felmeden D, Tapia V, Keeling P, Sheikh U, Yonis A, Felmeden L, Hughes D, Micklewright L, Summerhayes A, Sutton J, Panoulas V, Prendergast C, Poghosyan K, 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S, Popescu MI, Cozma A, Babes EE, Rus M, Ardelean A, Larisa R, Moisi M, Ban E, Buzle A, Filimon G, Dobreanu D, Lupu S, Mitre A, Rudzik R, Sus I, Opris D, Somkereki C, Mornos C, Petrescu L, Betiu A, Volcescu A, Ioan O, Luca C, Maximov D, Mosteoru S, Pascalau L, Roman C, Brie D, Crisan S, Erimescu C, Falnita L, Gaita D, Gheorghiu M, Levashov S, Redkina M, Novitskii N, Dementiev E, Baglikov A, Zateyshchikov D, Zubova E, Rogozhina A, Salikov A, Nikitin I, Reznik EV, Komissarova MS, Shebzukhova M, Shitaya K, Stolbova S, Larina V, Akhmatova F, Chuvarayan G, Arefyev MN, Averkov OV, Volkova AL, Sepkhanyan MS, Vecherko VI, Meray I, Babaeva L, Goreva L, Pisaryuk A, Potapov P, Teterina M, Ageev F, Silvestrova G, Fedulaev Y, Pinchuk T, Staroverov I, Kalimullin D, Sukhinina T, Zhukova N, Ryabov V, Kruchinkina E, Vorobeva D, Shevchenko I, Budyak V, Elistratova O, Fetisova E, Islamov R, Ponomareva E, Khalaf H, Shaimaa AA, Kamal W, Alrahimi J, Elshiekh A, Balghith M, Ahmed A, Attia N, Jamiel AA, Potpara T, Marinkovic M, Mihajlovic M, Mujovic N, Kocijancic A, Mijatovic Z, Radovanovic M, Matic D, Milosevic A, Savic L, Subotic I, Uscumlic A, Zlatic N, Antonijevic J, Vesic O, Vucic R, Martinovic SS, Kostic T, Atanaskovic V, Mitic V, Stanojevic D, Petrovic M. Cohort profile: the ESC EURObservational Research Programme Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction (NSTEMI) Registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2022; 9:8-15. [PMID: 36259751 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) Registry aims to identify international patterns in NSTEMI management in clinical practice and outcomes against the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without ST-segment-elevation. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutively hospitalised adult NSTEMI patients (n = 3620) were enrolled between 11 March 2019 and 6 March 2021, and individual patient data prospectively collected at 287 centres in 59 participating countries during a two-week enrolment period per centre. The registry collected data relating to baseline characteristics, major outcomes (in-hospital death, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bleeding, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and 30-day mortality) and guideline-recommended NSTEMI care interventions: electrocardiogram pre- or in-hospital, pre-hospitalization receipt of aspirin, echocardiography, coronary angiography, referral to cardiac rehabilitation, smoking cessation advice, dietary advice, and prescription on discharge of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibition, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker, and statin. CONCLUSION The EORP NSTEMI Registry is an international, prospective registry of care and outcomes of patients treated for NSTEMI, which will provide unique insights into the contemporary management of hospitalised NSTEMI patients, compliance with ESC 2015 NSTEMI Guidelines, and identify potential barriers to optimal management of this common clinical presentation associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nadarajah
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LS1 3EX Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Ludman
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hector Bueno
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sergio Leonardi
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S.Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Lettino
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Dejan Milasinovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Chris P Gale
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LS1 3EX Leeds, UK
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 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6
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Luo X, Maciaszek JL, Thompson BA, Leong HS, Dixon K, Sousa S, Anderson M, Roberts ME, Lee K, Spurdle AB, Mensenkamp AR, Brannan T, Pardo C, Zhang L, Pesaran T, Wei S, Fasaye GA, Kesserwan C, Shirts BH, Davis JL, Oliveira C, Plon SE, Schrader KA, Karam R. Optimising clinical care through CDH1-specific germline variant curation: improvement of clinical assertions and updated curation guidelines. J Med Genet 2022; 60:568-575. [PMID: 36600593 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline pathogenic variants in CDH1 are associated with increased risk of diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Risk reduction strategies include consideration of prophylactic surgery, thereby making accurate interpretation of germline CDH1 variants critical for physicians deciding on these procedures. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) CDH1 Variant Curation Expert Panel (VCEP) developed specifications for CDH1 variant curation with a goal to resolve variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and with ClinVar conflicting interpretations and continues to update these specifications. METHODS CDH1 variant classification specifications were modified based on updated genetic testing clinical criteria, new recommendations from ClinGen and expert knowledge from ongoing CDH1 variant curations. The CDH1 VCEP reviewed 273 variants using updated CDH1 specifications and incorporated published and unpublished data provided by diagnostic laboratories. RESULTS Updated CDH1-specific interpretation guidelines include 11 major modifications since the initial specifications from 2018. Using the refined guidelines, 97% (36 of 37) of variants with ClinVar conflicting interpretations were resolved to benign, likely benign, likely pathogenic or pathogenic, and 35% (15 of 43) of VUS were resolved to benign or likely benign. Overall, 88% (239 of 273) of curated variants had non-VUS classifications. To date, variants classified as pathogenic are either nonsense, frameshift, splicing, or affecting the translation initiation codon, and the only missense variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic have been shown to affect splicing. CONCLUSIONS The development and evolution of CDH1-specific criteria by the expert panel resulted in decreased uncertain and conflicting interpretations of variants in this clinically actionable gene, which can ultimately lead to more effective clinical management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jamie L Maciaszek
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bryony A Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huei San Leong
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sónia Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology - (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Kristy Lee
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Sainan Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Grace-Ann Fasaye
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Brian H Shirts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology - (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Munoz N, Pavuluri S, Dupuis C, Williams M, Dixon K, McWatters A, Zhang J, Rao A, Duda D, Kaseb A, Sheth R. Abstract No. 331 ▪ FEATURED ABSTRACT Immune modulation by molecularly targeted photothermal ablation in a mouse model of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Tekkis NP, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell AM, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell A, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Rafi D, Brown S, Courtney A, Kawka M, Howell A, McLean K, Gardiner M, Mavroveli S, Hutchinson P, Tekkis P, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Savva N, Kontovounisios C, Tekkis N, Brown S, Kawka M, Mclean K, Savva N, Wilkinson P, Sam AH, Singal A, Chia C, Chia W, Ganesananthan S, Ooi SZY, Pengelly S, Wellington J, Mak S, Subbiah Ponniah H, Heyes A, Aberman I, Ahmed T, Al-Shamaa S, Appleton L, Arshad A, Awan H, Baig Q, Benedict K, Berkes S, Citeroni NL, Damani A, de Sancha A, Fisayo T, Gupta S, Haq M, Heer B, Jones A, Khan H, Kim H, Meiyalagan N, Miller G, Minta N, Mirza L, Mohamed F, Ramjan F, Read P, Soni L, Tailor V, Tas RN, Vorona M, Walker M, Winkler T, Bardon A, Acquaah J, Ball T, Bani W, Elmasry A, Hussein F, Kolluri M, Lusta H, Newman J, Nott M, Perwaiz MI, Rayner R, Shah A, Shaw I, Yu K, Cairns M, Clough R, Gaier S, Hirani D, Jeyapalan T, Li Y, Patel CR, Shabir H, Wang YA, Weatherhead A, Dhiran A, Renney O, Wells P, Ferguson S, Joyce A, Mergo A, Adebayo O, Ahmad J, Akande O, Ang G, Aniereobi E, Awasthi S, Banjoko A, Bates J, Chibada C, Clarke N, Craner I, Desai DD, Dixon K, Duffaydar HI, Kuti M, Mughal AZ, Nair D, Pham MC, Preest GG, Reid R, Sachdeva GS, Selvaratnam K, Sheikh J, Soran V, Stoney N, Wheatle M, Howarth K, Knapp-Wilson A, Lee KS, Mampitiya N, Masson C, McAlinden JJ, McGowan N, Parmar SC, Robinson B, Wahid S, Willis L, Risquet R, Adebayo A, Dhingra L, Kathiravelupillai S, Narayanan R, Soni J, Ghafourian P, Hounat A, Lennon KA, Abdi Mohamud M, Chou W, Chong L, Graham CJ, Piya S, Riad AM, Vennard S, Wang J, Kawar L, Maseland C, Myatt R, Tengku Saifudin TNS, Yong SQ, Douglas F, Ogbechie C, Sharma K, Zafar L, Bajomo MO, Byrne MHV, Obi C, Oluyomi DI, Patsalides MA, Rajananthanan A, Richardson G, Clarke A, Roxas A, Adeboye W, Argus L, McSweeney J, Rahman-Chowdhury M, Hettiarachchi DS, Masood MT, Antypas A, Thomas M, de Andres Crespo M, Zimmerman M, Dhillon A, Abraha S, Burton O, Jalal AHB, Bailey B, Casey A, Kathiravelupillai A, Missir E, Boult H, Campen D, Collins JM, Dulai S, Elhassan M, Foster Z, Horton E, Jones E, Mahapatra S, Nancarrow T, Nyamapfene T, Rimmer A, Robberstad M, Robson-Brown S, Saeed A, Sarwar Y, Taylor C, Vetere G, Whelan MK, Williams J, Zahid D, Chand C, Matthews M. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK medical education. A nationwide student survey. Med Teach 2022; 44:574-575. [PMID: 34428109 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1962835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damir Rafi
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Brown
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alona Courtney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michal Kawka
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Howell
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth McLean
- Division of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew Gardiner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter Hutchinson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amir H Sam
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicos Savva
- Division of Management Science and Operations, London Business School, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Acquaah
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - T Ball
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - W Bani
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A Elmasry
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - F Hussein
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M Kolluri
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - H Lusta
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - J Newman
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M Nott
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - M I Perwaiz
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - R Rayner
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A Shah
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - I Shaw
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - K Yu
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | | | - S Gaier
- Queen Mary University of London
| | | | | | - Y Li
- Queen Mary University of London
| | | | | | | | | | - A Dhiran
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | - O Renney
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | - P Wells
- St George's Hospital Medical School
| | | | - A Joyce
- The Queen's University of Belfast
| | | | | | - J Ahmad
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - G Ang
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - J Bates
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | - K Dixon
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - M Kuti
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | - D Nair
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | - R Reid
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | - V Soran
- The University of Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Soni
- The University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | | | | - W Chou
- The University of East Anglia
| | | | | | - S Piya
- The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | - J Wang
- The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Obi
- The University of Leicester
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L Argus
- The University of Manchester
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Bailey
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | - A Casey
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | | | - E Missir
- University of Brighton and Sussex
| | - H Boult
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - D Campen
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | - S Dulai
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | - Z Foster
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - E Horton
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - E Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | | | - A Rimmer
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | - A Saeed
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - Y Sarwar
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - C Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - G Vetere
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | | | | | - D Zahid
- University of Exeter Medical School
| | - C Chand
- University of Hull and the University of York
| | - M Matthews
- University of Hull and the University of York
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9
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Boerkoel PK, Dixon K, Fitzsimons C, Shen Y, Huynh S, Schlade-Bartusiak K, Culibrk L, Chan S, Boerkoel CF, Jones SJM, Chin HL. Long-read genome sequencing resolves a complex 13q structural variant associated with syndromic anophthalmia. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1589-1594. [PMID: 35122461 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) are a heterogeneous spectrum of anomalous eye development and degeneration with genetic and environmental etiologies. Structural and copy number variants of chromosome 13 have been implicated in MAC; however, the specific loci involved in disease pathogenesis have not been well-defined. Herein we report a newborn with syndromic degenerative anophthalmia and a complex de novo rearrangement of chromosome 13q. Long-read genome sequencing improved the resolution and clinical interpretation of a duplication-triplication/inversion-duplication (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP) and terminal deletion. Sequence features at the breakpoint junctions suggested microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR) of the maternal chromosome as the origin. Comparing this rearrangement to previously reported copy number alterations in 13q, we refine a putative dosage-sensitive critical region for MAC that might provide new insights into its molecular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre K Boerkoel
- MD Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Huynh
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kamilla Schlade-Bartusiak
- Department of Pathology, BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital & Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luka Culibrk
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon Chan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hui-Lin Chin
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Chin HL, Huynh S, Ashkani J, Castaldo M, Dixon K, Selby K, Shen Y, Wright M, Boerkoel CF, Hendson G, Jones SJM. An infant with congenital respiratory insufficiency and diaphragmatic paralysis: A novel BICD2 phenotype? Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:926-930. [PMID: 34825470 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Monoallelic pathogenic variants in BICD2 are associated with autosomal dominant Spinal Muscular Atrophy Lower Extremity Predominant 2A and 2B (SMALED2A, SMALED2B). As part of the cellular vesicular transport, complex BICD2 facilitates the flow of constitutive secretory cargoes from the trans-Golgi network, and its dysfunction results in motor neuron loss. The reported phenotypes among patients with SMALED2A and SMALED2B range from a congenital onset disorder of respiratory insufficiency, arthrogryposis, and proximal or distal limb weakness to an adult-onset disorder of limb weakness and contractures. We report an infant with congenital respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation, congenital diaphragmatic paralysis, decreased lung volume, and single finger camptodactyly. The infant displayed appropriate antigravity limb movements but had radiological, electrophysiological, and histopathological evidence of myopathy. Exome sequencing and long-read whole-genome sequencing detected a novel de novo BICD2 variant (NM_001003800.1:c.[1543G>A];[=]). This is predicted to encode p.(Glu515Lys); p.Glu515 is located in the coiled-coil 2 mutation hotspot. We hypothesize that this novel phenotype of diaphragmatic paralysis without clear appendicular muscle weakness and contractures of large joints is a presentation of BICD2-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Chin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Provincial Medical Genetics Program, University of British Columbia and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephanie Huynh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Provincial Medical Genetics Program, University of British Columbia and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jahanshah Ashkani
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Castaldo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathryn Selby
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and Children's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Wright
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and Children's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Department of Medical Genetics and Provincial Medical Genetics Program, University of British Columbia and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glenda Hendson
- Department of Pathology, BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics and Provincial Medical Genetics Program, University of British Columbia and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Rusch C, Beke M, Tucciarone L, Dixon K, Nieves C, Mai V, Stiep T, Tholanikunnel T, Ramirez-Zamora A, Hess CW, Langkamp-Henken B. Effect of a Mediterranean diet intervention on gastrointestinal function in Parkinson's disease (the MEDI-PD study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053336. [PMID: 34551955 PMCID: PMC8460525 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Constipation is a common and sometimes debilitating non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that can result in intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. The Mediterranean diet, rich in fermentable fibres and anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds, is associated with reduced risk of developing PD and slower progression of parkinsonism. The Mediterranean diet is often recommended for people with PD; however, no studies to date examine this diet as a therapeutic intervention to modulate gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a randomised, controlled, parallel study. During a 2-week run-in, participants with PD and constipation symptoms (n=52) will undergo baseline nutritional and neurological assessments and provide a stool sample. Participants will be stratified by sex and Hoehn and Yahr stage and randomised to follow standard of care for constipation (control) or standard of care plus a Mediterranean diet (intervention) for 8 weeks. A study dietitian will provide dietary instruction and weekly follow-up via telephone to both groups to support adherence and monitor adverse events. Questionnaires will assess dietary intake and GI function including stool frequency, form, symptoms and laxative usage. Measurements completed at baseline will be repeated at 4 and 8 weeks of the intervention. The primary outcome is to evaluate the difference between mean change (final-baseline) in Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) constipation syndrome scores for the control versus intervention groups. Secondary outcomes will assess stool frequency and form, weekly GSRS syndrome scores, digestive quality of life, laxative usage, faecal microbial communities and inflammatory markers, anxiety, depression, quality life, body weight and composition, dietary fibre intake and Mediterranean diet adherence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received University of Florida Institutional Review Board-01 approval (IRB202001333). Findings will be disseminated via conference presentations, lectures and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04683900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Rusch
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Beke
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lily Tucciarone
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carmelo Nieves
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tamara Stiep
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tracy Tholanikunnel
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher W Hess
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bobbi Langkamp-Henken
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Melancon MP, Yevich S, Avritscher R, Swigost A, Lu L, Tian L, Damasco JA, Dixon K, Cortes AC, Munoz NM, Liang D, Liu D, Tam AL. A novel irinotecan-lipiodol nanoemulsion for intravascular administration: pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in the normal and tumor bearing rat liver. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:240-251. [PMID: 33501859 PMCID: PMC8725905 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1869863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States and treatment options are limited for patients who develop liver metastases. Several chemotherapeutic regimens have been used for transvascular liver-directed therapy in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases without clear evidence of superiority of one therapy over another. We describe the development of a novel nanoemulsion through combining irinotecan (IRI), a first line systemic agent used for the treatment of colon cancer, with lipiodol, an oily contrast medium derived from poppy seed oil, and evaluated its pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile as a function of portal venous chemoembolization (PVCE) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) delivery. The Tessari technique was used to create a stable emulsion (20 mg IRI mixed with 2 mL lipiodol) with resultant particle size ranging from 28.9 nm to 56.4 nm. Pharmacokinetic profile established through venous sampling in Buffalo rats demonstrate that the area under the curve (AUC0−∞) of IRI was significantly less after PVCE with IRI-lipiodol as compared to IRI alone (131 vs. 316 µg*min/mL, p-value = .023), suggesting significantly higher amounts of IRI retention in the liver with the IRI-lipiodol nanoemulsion via first-pass extraction. Subseqent biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing WAG/Rjj rats revealed more IRI present in the tumor following TACE versus PVCE (29.19 ± 12.33 µg/g versus 3.42 ± 1.62; p-value = .0033) or IV (29.19 ± 12.33 µg/g versus 1.05 ± 0.47; p-value = .0035). The IRI-lipiodol nanoemulsion demonstrated an acceptable hepatotoxicity profile in all routes of administration. In conclusion, the IRI-lipiodol nanoemulsion via TACE showed promise and warrants further investigation as an option for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marites P Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Yevich
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rony Avritscher
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam Swigost
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linfeng Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jossana A Damasco
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea C Cortes
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nina M Munoz
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Liu
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alda L Tam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Dixon K, Asrat MJ, Bedard AC, Binnington K, Compton K, Cremin C, Heidary N, Lohn Z, Lovick N, McCullum M, Mindlin A, O'Loughlin M, Petersen T, Portigal-Todd C, Scott J, St-Martin G, Thompson J, Turnbull R, Mung SW, Hong Q, Bezeau M, Bosdet I, Tucker T, Young S, Yip S, Aubertin G, Blood KA, Nuk J, Sun S, Schrader KA. Integrating Tumor Sequencing Into Clinical Practice for Patients With Mismatch Repair-Deficient Lynch Syndrome Spectrum Cancers. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00397. [PMID: 34397043 PMCID: PMC8373535 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uninformative germline genetic testing presents a challenge to clinical management for patients suspected to have Lynch syndrome, a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline variants in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes or EPCAM. METHODS Among a consecutive series of MMR-deficient Lynch syndrome spectrum cancers identified through immunohistochemistry-based tumor screening, we investigated the clinical utility of tumor sequencing for the molecular diagnosis and management of suspected Lynch syndrome families. MLH1-deficient colorectal cancers were prescreened for BRAF V600E before referral for genetic counseling. Microsatellite instability, MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, and somatic and germline genetic variants in the MMR genes were assessed according to an established clinical protocol. RESULTS Eighty-four individuals with primarily colorectal (62%) and endometrial (31%) cancers received tumor-normal sequencing as part of routine clinical genetic assessment. Overall, 27% received a molecular diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. Most of the MLH1-deficient tumors were more likely of sporadic origin, mediated by MLH1 promoter hypermethylation in 54% and double somatic genetic alterations in MLH1 (17%). MSH2-deficient, MSH6-deficient, and/or PMS2-deficient tumors could be attributed to pathogenic germline variants in 37% and double somatic events in 28%. Notably, tumor sequencing could explain 49% of cases without causal germline variants, somatic MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, or somatic variants in BRAF. DISCUSSION Our findings support the integration of tumor sequencing into current Lynch syndrome screening programs to improve clinical management for individuals whose germline testing is uninformative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Mary-Jill Asrat
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Angela C. Bedard
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Kristin Binnington
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Katie Compton
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Carol Cremin
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Nili Heidary
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Zoe Lohn
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Niki Lovick
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Mary McCullum
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Allison Mindlin
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Melanie O'Loughlin
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Tammy Petersen
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | | | - Jenna Scott
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | | | - Jennifer Thompson
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Ruth Turnbull
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Sze Wing Mung
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Quan Hong
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Marjorie Bezeau
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Laboratory of Transdisciplinary Research in Genetics, Medicines and Social Sciences, Sherbrooke's University Hospital Center of Clinical Research, Quebec, Canada;
| | - Ian Bosdet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Tracy Tucker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Sean Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Gudrun Aubertin
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Department of Medical Genetics, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Katherine A. Blood
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Department of Medical Genetics, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Nuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
| | - Sophie Sun
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Kasmintan A. Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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14
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Dixon K, Senz J, Kaurah P, Huntsman DG, Schrader KA. Rare APC promoter 1B variants in gastric cancer kindreds unselected for fundic gland polyposis. Gut 2021; 70:1415-1416. [PMID: 32895333 PMCID: PMC8223626 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janine Senz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pardeep Kaurah
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Dixon K, Brew T, Farnell D, Godwin TD, Cheung S, Chow C, Ta M, Ho G, Bui M, Douglas JM, Campbell KR, El-Naggar A, Kaurah P, Kalloger SE, Lim HJ, Schaeffer DF, Cochrane D, Guilford P, Huntsman DG. Modelling hereditary diffuse gastric cancer initiation using transgenic mouse-derived gastric organoids and single-cell sequencing. J Pathol 2021; 254:254-264. [PMID: 33797756 DOI: 10.1002/path.5675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer syndrome caused by germline variants in CDH1, the gene encoding the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Loss of E-cadherin in cancer is associated with cellular dedifferentiation and poor prognosis, but the mechanisms through which CDH1 loss initiates HDGC are not known. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we explored the transcriptional landscape of a murine organoid model of HDGC to characterize the impact of CDH1 loss in early tumourigenesis. Progenitor populations of stratified squamous and simple columnar epithelium, characteristic of the mouse stomach, showed lineage-specific transcriptional programs. Cdh1 inactivation resulted in shifts along the squamous differentiation trajectory associated with aberrant expression of genes central to gastrointestinal epithelial differentiation. Cytokeratin 7 (CK7), encoded by the differentiation-dependent gene Krt7, was a specific marker for early neoplastic lesions in CDH1 carriers. Our findings suggest that deregulation of developmental transcriptional programs may precede malignancy in HDGC. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tom Brew
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Farnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tanis D Godwin
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Simon Cheung
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christine Chow
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Monica Ta
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Germain Ho
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Minh Bui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Amal El-Naggar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Steve E Kalloger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Howard J Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Division of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dawn Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Parry Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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16
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Muñoz NM, Williams M, Dixon K, Dupuis C, McWatters A, Avritscher R, Manrique SZ, McHugh K, Murthy R, Tam A, Naing A, Patel SP, Leach D, Hartgerink JD, Young S, Prakash P, Hwu P, Sheth RA. Influence of injection technique, drug formulation and tumor microenvironment on intratumoral immunotherapy delivery and efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001800. [PMID: 33589526 PMCID: PMC7887346 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumoral delivery of immunotherapeutics represents a compelling solution to directly address local barriers to tumor immunity. However, we have previously shown that off-target delivery is a substantial problem during intratumoral injections; this can lead to diminished drug efficacy and systemic toxicities. We have identified three variables that influence intratumoral drug delivery: injection technique, drug formulation and tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact of modifications in each variable on intratumoral drug delivery and immunotherapy efficacy. METHODS Intratumoral injections were performed in a hybrid image-guided intervention suite with ultrasound, fluoroscopy and CT scanning capabilities in both rat and mouse syngeneic tumor models. Intratumoral drug distribution was quantified by CT volumetric imaging. The influence of varying needle design and hydrogel-based drug delivery on the immune response to a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist was evaluated using flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing. We also evaluated the influence of tumor stiffness on drug injection distribution. RESULTS Variations in needle design, specifically with the use of a multiside hole needle, led to approximately threefold improvements in intratumoral drug deposition relative to conventional end-hole needles. Likewise, delivery of a STING agonist through a multiside hole needle led to significantly increased expression of type I interferon-associated genes and 'inflammatory' dendritic cell gene signatures relative to end-hole STING agonist delivery. A multidomain peptide-based hydrogel embedded with a STING agonist led to substantial improvements in intratumoral deposition; however, the hydrogel was noted to generate a strong immune response against itself within the target tumor. Evaluation of tumor stroma on intratumoral drug delivery revealed that there was a greater than twofold improvement in intratumoral distribution in soft tumors (B16 melanoma) compared with firm tumors (MC38 colorectal). CONCLUSIONS Injection technique, drug formulation and tumor stiffness play key roles in the accurate delivery of intratumoral immunotherapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/agonists
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Compounding
- Female
- Hydrogels
- Immunotherapy
- Injections, Intralesional
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/agonists
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/chemistry
- Rats, Inbred BUF
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Muñoz
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Malea Williams
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Crystal Dupuis
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda McWatters
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rony Avritscher
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Soraya Zorro Manrique
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ravi Murthy
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alda Tam
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Leach
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Punit Prakash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rahul A Sheth
- Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Roach KM, Castells E, Dixon K, Mason S, Elliott G, Marshall H, Poblocka MA, Macip S, Richardson M, Khalfaoui L, Bradding P. Evaluation of Pirfenidone and Nintedanib in a Human Lung Model of Fibrogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679388. [PMID: 34712131 PMCID: PMC8546112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal lung disease with a poor prognosis and increasing incidence. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are the only approved treatments for IPF but have limited efficacy and their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Here we have examined the effects of pirfenidone and nintedanib in a human model of lung fibrogenesis, and compared these with the putative anti-fibrotic compounds Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), and senicapoc, a KCa3.1 ion channel blocker. Methods: Early fibrosis was induced in cultured human lung parenchyma using TGFβ1 for 7 days, ± pirfenidone, nintedanib, or LXA4. Pro-fibrotic responses were examined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and soluble collagen secretion. Results: Thirty six out of eighty four IPF and fibrosis-associated genes tested were significantly upregulated by TGFβ1 in human lung parenchyma with a ≥0.5 log2FC (n = 32). Nintedanib (n = 13) reduced the mRNA expression of 14 fibrosis-associated genes including MMPs (MMP1,-4,-13,-14), integrin α2, CXCR4 and PDGFB, but upregulated α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Pirfenidone only reduced mRNA expression for MMP3 and -13. Senicapoc (n = 11) previously attenuated the expression of 28 fibrosis-associated genes, including αSMA, several growth factors, collagen type III, and αV/β6 integrins. Pirfenidone and nintedanib significantly inhibited TGFβ1-induced fibroblast proliferation within the tissue, but unlike senicapoc, neither pirfenidone nor nintedanib prevented increases in tissue αSMA expression. LXA4 was ineffective. Conclusions: Pirfenidone and nintedanib demonstrate modest anti-fibrotic effects and provide a benchmark for anti-fibrotic activity of new drugs in human lung tissue. Based on these data, we predict that the KCa3.1 blocker senicapoc will show greater benefit than either of these licensed drugs in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Roach
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - E Castells
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - K Dixon
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - S Mason
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - G Elliott
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - H Marshall
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - M A Poblocka
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Lab, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - S Macip
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Lab, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,FoodLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Richardson
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - L Khalfaoui
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - P Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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18
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McLellan RC, Dixon K, Watson DM. Prolific or precarious: a review of the status of Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum [R.Br.] A.DC., Santalaceae). Rangel J 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/rj21017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Across its entire range in Australia’s western and southern rangelands, Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum [R.Br.] A.DC.) is on a path towards ‘extinction in the wild’––the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s penultimate category of conservation risk. Sandalwood populations have substantially diminished or become locally extinct, predominantly a consequence of land clearing for agriculture, introduced grazers, disruption of key ecological processes (e.g. seed dispersal, fire regimes) and 175 years of intensive commercial exploitation for its fragrant, high value timber. The status of the world’s last wild-harvested species of sandalwood is significant to both conservation and rangeland management, and the implementation of a science-based sustainable yield approach to management of this species is vital. By highlighting the scale and precipitous rate of decline and identifying key drivers affecting mortality and recruitment, this review outlines the conservation and restoration needs of the species in situ to conserve remaining wild populations, and the need to transition to science-based resource management actions such as farm-based plantation production.
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19
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van der Heyde M, Bunce M, Dixon K, Wardell-Johnson G, White NE, Nevill P. Changes in soil microbial communities in post mine ecological restoration: Implications for monitoring using high throughput DNA sequencing. Sci Total Environ 2020; 749:142262. [PMID: 33370926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ecological restoration of ecosystem services and biodiversity is a key intervention used to reverse the impacts of anthropogenic activities such as mining. Assessment of the performance of restoration against completion criteria relies on biodiversity monitoring. However, monitoring usually overlooks soil microbial communities (SMC), despite increased awareness of their pivotal role in many ecological functions. Recent advances in cost, scalability and technology has led to DNA sequencing being considered as a cost-effective biological monitoring tool, particularly for otherwise difficult to survey groups such as microbes. However, such approaches for monitoring complex restoration sites such as post-mined landscapes have not yet been tested. Here we examine bacterial and fungal communities across chronosequences of mine site restoration at three locations in Western Australia to determine if there are consistent changes in SMC diversity, community composition and functional capacity. Although we detected directional changes in community composition indicative of microbial recovery, these were inconsistent between locations and microbial taxa (bacteria or fungi). Assessing functional diversity provided greater understanding of changes in site conditions and microbial recovery than could be determined through assessment of community composition alone. These results demonstrate that high-throughput amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA (eDNA) is an effective approach for monitoring the complex changes in SMC following restoration. Future monitoring of mine site restoration using eDNA should consider archiving samples to provide improved understanding of changes in communities over time. Expansion to include other biological groups (e.g. soil fauna) and substrates would also provide a more holistic understanding of biodiversity recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van der Heyde
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia; Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Westeren Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - M Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Westeren Australia 6845, Australia; Environmental Protection Authority, 215 Lambton Quay, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - K Dixon
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - G Wardell-Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - N E White
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Westeren Australia 6845, Australia
| | - P Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia; Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Westeren Australia 6845, Australia
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20
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Krämer P, Talhouk A, Brett MA, Chiu DS, Cairns ES, Scheunhage DA, Hammond RFL, Farnell D, Nazeran TM, Grube M, Xia Z, Senz J, Leung S, Feil L, Pasternak J, Dixon K, Hartkopf A, Krämer B, Brucker S, Heitz F, du Bois A, Harter P, Kommoss FKF, Sinn HP, Heublein S, Kommoss F, Vollert HW, Manchanda R, de Kroon CD, Nijman HW, de Bruyn M, Thompson EF, Bashashati A, McAlpine JN, Singh N, Tinker AV, Staebler A, Bosse T, Kommoss S, Köbel M, Anglesio MS. Endometrial Cancer Molecular Risk Stratification is Equally Prognostic for Endometrioid Ovarian Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5400-5410. [PMID: 32737030 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (ENOC) is generally associated with a more favorable prognosis compared with other ovarian carcinomas. Nonetheless, current patient treatment continues to follow a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Even though tumor staging offers stratification, personalized treatments remain elusive. As ENOC shares many clinical and molecular features with its endometrial counterpart, we sought to investigate The Cancer Genome Atlas-inspired endometrial carcinoma (EC) molecular subtyping in a cohort of ENOC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IHC and mutation biomarkers were used to segregate 511 ENOC tumors into four EC-inspired molecular subtypes: low-risk POLE mutant (POLEmut), moderate-risk mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), high-risk p53 abnormal (p53abn), and moderate-risk with no specific molecular profile (NSMP). Survival analysis with established clinicopathologic and subtype-specific features was performed. RESULTS A total of 3.5% of cases were POLEmut, 13.7% MMRd, 9.6% p53abn, and 73.2% NSMP, each showing distinct outcomes (P < 0.001) and survival similar to observations in EC. Median OS was 18.1 years in NSMP, 12.3 years in MMRd, 4.7 years in p53abn, and not reached for POLEmut cases. Subtypes were independent of stage, grade, and residual disease in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS EC-inspired molecular classification provides independent prognostic information in ENOC. Our findings support investigating molecular subtype-specific management recommendations for patients with ENOC; for example, subtypes may provide guidance when fertility-sparing treatment is desired. Similarities between ENOC and EC suggest that patients with ENOC may benefit from management strategies applied to EC and the opportunity to study those in umbrella trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Krämer
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aline Talhouk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary Anne Brett
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek S Chiu
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evan S Cairns
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniëlla A Scheunhage
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rory F L Hammond
- Barts Health National Health Service Trust, Department of Pathology, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Farnell
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tayyebeh M Nazeran
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcel Grube
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Zhouchunyang Xia
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janine Senz
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lukas Feil
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jana Pasternak
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Hartkopf
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Krämer
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Kliniken Essen Mitte, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Essen, Germany
- Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Department for Gynecology with the Center for Oncologic Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Kliniken Essen Mitte, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Kliniken Essen Mitte, Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Essen, Germany
| | - Felix K F Kommoss
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Sinn
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kommoss
- Medizin Campus Bodensee, Institute of Pathology, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Hans-Walter Vollert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medizin Campus Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Ranjit Manchanda
- Barts CRUK Cancer Centre, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelis D de Kroon
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans W Nijman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emily F Thompson
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ali Bashashati
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica N McAlpine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naveena Singh
- Barts Health National Health Service Trust, Department of Pathology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna V Tinker
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Annette Staebler
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women's Health, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- BC Cancer, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Team (OVCARE), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Cremin C, Lee MK, Hong Q, Hoeschen C, Mackenzie A, Dixon K, McCullum M, Nuk J, Kalloger S, Karasinska J, Scudamore C, Kim PTW, Donnellan F, Lam ECS, Lim HJ, Neben CL, Stedden W, Zhou AY, Schaeffer DF, Sun S, Renouf DJ, Schrader KA. Burden of hereditary cancer susceptibility in unselected patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma referred for germline screening. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4004-4013. [PMID: 32255556 PMCID: PMC7286471 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent guidelines recommend consideration of germline testing for all newly diagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The primary aim of this study was to determine the burden of hereditary cancer susceptibility in PDAC. A secondary aim was to compare genetic testing uptake rates across different modes of genetic counselling. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients diagnosed with PDAC in the province of British Columbia, Canada referred to a population-based hereditary cancer program were eligible for multi-gene panel testing, irrespective of cancer family history. Any healthcare provider or patients themselves could refer. RESULTS A total of 305 patients with PDAC were referred between July 2016 and January 2019. Two hundred thirty-five patients attended a consultation and 177 completed index germline genetic testing. 25/177 (14.1%) of unrelated patients had a pathogenic variant (PV); 19/25 PV were in known PDAC susceptibility genes with cancer screening or risk-reduction implications. PDAC was significantly associated with PV in ATM (OR, 7.73; 95% CI, 3.10 to 19.33, P = 6.14E-05) when comparing age and gender and ethnicity-matched controls tested on the same platform. The overall uptake rate for index testing was 59.2% and was significantly higher with 1-on-1 consultations and group consultations compared to telehealth consultations (88.9% vs 82.9% vs 61.8%, P < .001). CONCLUSION In a prospective clinic-based cohort of patients with PDAC referred for testing irrespective of family history, germline PV were detected in 14.1%. PV in ATM accounted for half of all PVs and were significantly associated with PDAC. These findings support recent guidelines and will guide future service planning in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Cremin
- Hereditary Cancer ProgramBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michael Kuan‐Ching Lee
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Medical OncologyBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Quan Hong
- Hereditary Cancer ProgramBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Carolyn Hoeschen
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Medical OncologyBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Anna Mackenzie
- Hereditary Cancer ProgramBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Mary McCullum
- Hereditary Cancer ProgramBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Jennifer Nuk
- Hereditary Cancer ProgramBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Steve Kalloger
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | | | - Charles Scudamore
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Peter T. W. Kim
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Fergal Donnellan
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Department of GastroenterologyVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Eric C. S. Lam
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Department of GastroenterologySt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Howard J. Lim
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Medical OncologyBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | | | | | | | - David F. Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sophie Sun
- Hereditary Cancer ProgramBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Medical OncologyBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Daniel J. Renouf
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Medical OncologyBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
| | - Kasmintan A. Schrader
- Hereditary Cancer ProgramBC Cancer, part of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
- Pancreas Centre BCVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancerpart of Provincial Health Services AuthorityVancouverBCCanada
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22
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Dixon K, Young S, Shen Y, Thibodeau ML, Fok A, Pleasance E, Zhao E, Jones M, Aubert G, Armstrong L, Virani A, Regier D, Gelmon K, Renouf D, Chia S, Bosdet I, Rassekh SR, Deyell RJ, Yip S, Fisic A, Titmuss E, Abadi S, Jones SJM, Sun S, Karsan A, Marra M, Laskin J, Lim H, Schrader KA. Establishing a Framework for the Clinical Translation of Germline Findings in Precision Oncology. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkaa045. [PMID: 33134827 PMCID: PMC7583151 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited genetic variation has important implications for cancer screening, early diagnosis, and disease prognosis. A role for germline variation has also been described in shaping the molecular landscape, immune response, microenvironment, and treatment response of individual tumors. However, there is a lack of consensus on the handling and analysis of germline information that extends beyond known or suspected cancer susceptibility in large-scale cancer genomics initiatives. As part of the Personalized OncoGenomics program in British Columbia, we performed whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing in paired tumor and normal tissues from advanced cancer patients to characterize the molecular tumor landscape and identify putative targets for therapy. Overall, our experience supports a multidisciplinary and integrative approach to germline data management. This includes a need for broader definitions and standardized recommendations regarding primary and secondary germline findings in precision oncology. Here, we propose a framework for identifying, evaluating, and returning germline variants of potential clinical significance that may have indications for health management beyond cancer risk reduction or prevention in patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dixon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - My Linh Thibodeau
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexandra Fok
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin Pleasance
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Zhao
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alice Virani
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Ethics Service, Provincial Health Service of Authority of BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dean Regier
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Gelmon
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dan Renouf
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Chia
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Bosdet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Rod Rassekh
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Deyell
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Fisic
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emma Titmuss
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shirin Abadi
- Department of Pharmacy, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sophie Sun
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aly Karsan
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco Marra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janessa Laskin
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Howard Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kasmintan A Schrader
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Pleasance E, Titmuss E, Williamson L, Kwan H, Culibrk L, Zhao EY, Dixon K, Fan K, Bowlby R, Jones MR, Shen Y, Grewal JK, Ashkani J, Wee K, Grisdale CJ, Thibodeau ML, Bozoky Z, Pearson H, Majounie E, Vira T, Shenwai R, Mungall KL, Chuah E, Davies A, Warren M, Reisle C, Bonakdar M, Taylor GA, Csizmok V, Chan SK, Zong Z, Bilobram S, Muhammadzadeh A, D’Souza D, Corbett RD, MacMillan D, Carreira M, Choo C, Bleile D, Sadeghi S, Zhang W, Wong T, Cheng D, Brown SD, Holt RA, Moore RA, Mungall AJ, Zhao Y, Nelson J, Fok A, Ma Y, Lee MKC, Lavoie JM, Mendis S, Karasinska JM, Deol B, Fisic A, Schaeffer DF, Yip S, Schrader K, Regier DA, Weymann D, Chia S, Gelmon K, Tinker A, Sun S, Lim H, Renouf DJ, Laskin J, Jones SJM, Marra MA. Pan-cancer analysis of advanced patient tumors reveals interactions between therapy and genomic landscapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:452-468. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Leach D, Muñoz N, Dupuis C, Williams M, Dixon K, Young S, Sheth R, Hartgerink J. Abstract No. 430 Self-assembling hydrogel platform improves intratumoral drug delivery and retention. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Crowley ES, Bird PM, Torontali MK, Agin JR, Goins DG, Johnson R, Achen M, Balogh J, Barket D, Boatwright A, Clark M, Colon-Reveles J, Dixon K, Gorman; M, Hanson P, Husby G, Kelly M, Kim S, Koschmann C, Laflamme L, Larson C, Manner K, McCallum K, McClure; H, McMahon W, Mills J, Mohnke F, Moon B, Murphy M, Post L, Quast V, Riva J, Zadeh K, Zadeh S. TEMPO® TVC for the Enumeration of Aerobic Mesophilic Flora in Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/92.1.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The automated system for enumeration of total viable count (TVC) in foods, TEMPO® TVC, uses a dehydrated culture medium and an enumeration card containing 48 wells across 3 different dilutions for the automatic determination of the most probable number (MPN). The alternative method was compared in a multilaboratory collaborative study to AOAC Method 966.23 for determination of aerobic plate count for nondairy products and the Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products (SMEDP) Standard Plate Count for dairy products. Five food types, raw ground beef, raw ground chicken, cooked whitefish fillets, bagged lettuce, and milk, were analyzed for TVC by 14 collaborating laboratories throughout the United States and Canada. Three lots of naturally contaminated food products representing a wide range of counts were tested for each of the 5 food types. The study demonstrated that the overall repeatability, reproducibility, and mean log counts of the TEMPO TVC method were statistically comparable to those of the 2 standard methods at the 5 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Crowley
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - Patrick M Bird
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | | | - James R Agin
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - David G Goins
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
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Crowley E, Bird P, Torontali M, Goetz K, Agin J, Goins D, Johnson R, Achen M, Barlowe A, Clark M, Colón-Reveles J, Dixon K, Fisher K, Hanson P, Jechorek R, Johnson L, Kelly M, Kim S, Kohler H, Kondratko D, Kupski B, McCallum K, Mills J, Mohnke F, Moon B, Olson B, Reed C, Sauter J, Thompson L. TEMPO® EC for the Enumeration of Escherichia coli in Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.2.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The automated method for enumeration of Escherichia coli, TEMPO<sup/> EC, in foods uses a dehydrated culture medium and enumeration card containing 48 wells across three different dilutions for the automatic determination of the most probable number (MPN). The alternative method was compared in a multilaboratory collaborative study to AOAC Official MethodSM 966.24. Six food types were artificially contaminated with E. coli: raw ground beef, bagged lettuce, cooked chicken, pasteurized crabmeat, frozen green beans, and pasteurized whole milk. All foods were analyzed for E. coli counts by 11 collaborating laboratories throughout the United States. Test portions from the six food types each contaminated at four different contamination levels were evaluated. The study demonstrated that the TEMPO EC method is a reliable, automated assay for the enumeration of E. coli in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Crowley
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - Patrick Bird
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | | | - Katherine Goetz
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - James Agin
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
| | - David Goins
- Q Laboratories, Inc., 1400 Harrison Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45214
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Silbernagel KM, Jechorek RP, Carver CN, Horter BL, Lindberg KG, Aleo V, Anderson G, Bannach B, Bulthaus M, Cha K, Dixon K, Hemming B, Horter B, Iannucci; M, Johnson A, Johnson K, Kaufer A, Kemp S, King J, Kupski B, Kusch S, Luebbert B, Lyke H, Makepeace; C, Otten N, Schomogy T, Strand S, Xiong C. 3M™ Petrifilm™ Staph Express Count Plate Method for the Enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in Selected Dairy Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.5.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The 3M™ Petrifilm™ Staph Express Count plate method was compared with AOAC Official Method 975.55 for the enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in selected foods. Five foods—ice cream, raw milk, yogurt, whey powder, and cheese—were analyzed for S. aureus by 12 collaborating laboratories. For each food tested, the collaborators received 8 blind test samples consisting of a control sample, a low inoculation level, a medium inoculation level, and a medium inoculation level with background flora, each in duplicate. The mean log10 counts for the methods were comparable for all 5 foods. The repeatability and reproducibility variances of the 24 h Petrifilm Staph Express Count plate method were similar to those of the 72 h standard method.
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Sheth R, Munoz N, Dupuis C, Williams M, Dixon K, Maldonado K, Murthy R, Tam A, Avritscher R. Optimized intratumoral delivery of a STING agonist results in improvements in local tumor immune activation. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.8_suppl.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
38 Background: There has been a renaissance in the concept of promoting the immune-responsiveness of the tumor immune microenvironment via intratumoral (IT) delivery of immunostimulatory agents. As with any invasive intervention, though, outcomes following intratumoral drug delivery depend on procedural technique. We have previously shown that multi-sidehole needles (MSHNs) provide a 3-fold improvement in intratumoral drug delivery and retention relative to conventional end-hole needles (EHNs). The purpose of this study was to characterize how variations in drug delivery affect drug efficacy by evaluating immune activation following the IT delivery of a STING agonist using conventional end-hole needles (EHNs) versus multi-sidehole needles (MSHNs). Methods: Syngeneic McArdle RH-7777 (ATCC) hepatoma cells were implanted in the flank of Buffalo rats (n=20). Once tumors reached 15-20 mm in size, a STING agonist (50 ug ML RR-S2 CDA, Sigma Aldrich) vs saline (control) was injected under ultrasound visualization using either a 22G EHN or a 21G MSHN (ProFusion, Cook Regentec). Tumor tissue was harvested at 24 and 48 hours post-injection. Immune profiling was performed using flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Results: There was a significant increase in tumor necrosis with MSHN injections compared to EHN or control injections (tumor viability 32%, 54%, and 82% at 48 hours, respectively). Gene expression profiling demonstrated a significant increase in interferon sensitive genes as well as STING-TBK1-IRF3 axis genes within dendritic cells with MSHN injections compared to EHN or control injections (Table). This signaling upregulation was greater at 24 hours than at 48 hours. MSHN injected tumors also exhibited fewer macrophages with immunosuppressive gene signatures and fewer T cells with exhaustion gene signatures relative to EHN or control tumors. Conclusions: Variations in IT delivery technique have a significant impact on subsequent immune activation following the injection of a STING agonist in an animal model of HCC. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sheth
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ravi Murthy
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alda Tam
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rony Avritscher
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Muñoz N, Dixon K, Williams M, Maldonado K, Dupuis C, Rashid A, Yevich S, Tam A. Abstract No. 609 Development of a transplantable colon adenocarcinoma model in the Buffalo rat. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Lee K, Krempely K, Roberts ME, Anderson MJ, Carneiro F, Chao E, Dixon K, Figueiredo J, Ghosh R, Huntsman D, Kaurah P, Kesserwan C, Landrith T, Li S, Mensenkamp AR, Oliveira C, Pardo C, Pesaran T, Richardson M, Slavin TP, Spurdle AB, Trapp M, Witkowski L, Yi CS, Zhang L, Plon SE, Schrader KA, Karam R. Specifications of the ACMG/AMP variant curation guidelines for the analysis of germline CDH1 sequence variants. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1553-1568. [PMID: 30311375 PMCID: PMC6188664 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The variant curation guidelines published in 2015 by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) provided the genetics community with a framework to assess variant pathogenicity; however, these rules are not gene specific. Germline pathogenic variants in the CDH1 gene cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, a clinically challenging cancer predisposition syndrome that often requires a multidisciplinary team of experts to be properly managed. Given this challenge, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Hereditary Cancer Domain prioritized the development of the CDH1 variant curation expert panel (VCEP) to develop and implement rules for CDH1 variant classifications. Here, we describe the CDH1 specifications of the ACMG/AMP guidelines, which were developed and validated after a systematic evaluation of variants obtained from a cohort of clinical laboratory data encompassing ∼827,000 CDH1 sequenced alleles. Comparing previously reported germline variants that were classified using the 2015 ACMG/AMP guidelines to the CDH1 VCEP recommendations resulted in reduced variants of uncertain significance and facilitated resolution of variants with conflicted assertions in ClinVar. The ClinGen CDH1 VCEP recommends the use of these CDH1-specific guidelines for the assessment and classification of variants identified in this clinically actionable gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fatima Carneiro
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | - Elizabeth Chao
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joana Figueiredo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuwei Li
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Carla Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | | | | | | | - Thomas P. Slavin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie Trapp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leora Witkowski
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kasmintan A. Schrader
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
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AlSudais H, Aabed K, Nicola W, Dixon K, Chen J, Li Q. Retinoid X receptor-selective signaling in the regulation of Akt/protein kinase B isoform-specific expression. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9139. [PMID: 29884764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.aac118.003993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Melancon MP, Appleton Figueira T, Fuentes DT, Tian L, Qiao Y, Gu J, Gagea M, Ensor JE, Muñoz NM, Maldonado KL, Dixon K, McWatters A, Mitchell J, McArthur M, Gupta S, Tam AL. Development of an Electroporation and Nanoparticle-based Therapeutic Platform for Bone Metastases. Radiology 2018; 286:149-157. [PMID: 28825892 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To assess for nanopore formation in bone marrow cells after irreversible electroporation (IRE) and to evaluate the antitumoral effect of IRE, used alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (SPIO-DOX), in a VX2 rabbit tibial tumor model. Materials and Methods All experiments were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Five porcine vertebral bodies in one pig underwent intervention (IRE electrode placement without ablation [n = 1], nanoparticle injection only [n = 1], and nanoparticle injection followed by IRE [n = 3]). The animal was euthanized and the vertebrae were harvested and evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Twelve rabbit VX2 tibial tumors were treated, three with IRE, three with SPIO-DOX, and six with SPIO-DOX plus IRE; five rabbit VX2 tibial tumors were untreated (control group). Dynamic T2*-weighted 4.7-T magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained 9 days after inoculation and 2 hours and 5 days after treatment. Antitumor effect was expressed as the tumor growth ratio at T2*-weighted MR imaging and percentage necrosis at histologic examination. Mixed-effects linear models were used to analyze the data. Results Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated nanopores in bone marrow cells only after IRE (P , .01). Average volume of total tumor before treatment (503.1 mm3 ± 204.6) was not significantly different from those after treatment (P = .7). SPIO-DOX was identified as a reduction in signal intensity within the tumor on T2*-weighted images for up to 5 days after treatment and was related to the presence of iron. Average tumor growth ratios were 103.0% ± 75.8 with control treatment, 154.3% ± 79.7 with SPIO-DOX, 77% ± 30.8 with IRE, and -38.5% ± 24.8 with a combination of SPIO-DOX and IRE (P = .02). The percentage residual viable tumor in bone was significantly less for combination therapy compared with control (P = .02), SPIO-DOX (P , .001), and IRE (P = .03) treatment. The percentage residual viable tumor in soft tissue was significantly less with IRE (P = .005) and SPIO-DOX plus IRE (P = .005) than with SPIO-DOX. Conclusion IRE can induce nanopore formation in bone marrow cells. Tibial VX2 tumors treated with a combination of SPIO-DOX and IRE demonstrate enhanced antitumor effect as compared with individual treatments alone. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marites P Melancon
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Tomas Appleton Figueira
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - David T Fuentes
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Li Tian
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Yang Qiao
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Jianhua Gu
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Mihai Gagea
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Joe E Ensor
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Nina M Muñoz
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Kiersten L Maldonado
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Katherine Dixon
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Amanda McWatters
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Jennifer Mitchell
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Mark McArthur
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
| | - Alda L Tam
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (M.P.M., T.A.F., L.T., Y.Q., N.M.M., K.D., A.M., S.G., A.L.T.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.M., M.M.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F., K.L.M.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Unit 1471; Houston, TX 77230-1402; and Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.G., J.E.E.)
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Hamed M, Khilji S, Dixon K, Blais A, Ioshikhes I, Chen J, Li Q. Insights into interplay between rexinoid signaling and myogenic regulatory factor-associated chromatin state in myogenic differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11236-11248. [PMID: 28981706 PMCID: PMC5737385 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While skeletal myogenesis is tightly coordinated by myogenic regulatory factors including MyoD and myogenin, chromatin modifications have emerged as vital mechanisms of myogenic regulation. We have previously established that bexarotene, a clinically approved agonist of retinoid X receptor (RXR), promotes the specification and differentiation of skeletal muscle lineage. Here, we examine the genome-wide impact of rexinoids on myogenic differentiation through integral RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses. We found that bexarotene promotes myoblast differentiation through the coordination of exit from the cell cycle and the activation of muscle-related genes. We uncovered a new mechanism of rexinoid action which is mediated by the nuclear receptor and largely reconciled through a direct regulation of MyoD gene expression. In addition, we determined a rexinoid-responsive residue-specific histone acetylation at a distinct chromatin state associated to MyoD and myogenin. Thus, we provide novel molecular insights into the interplay between RXR signaling and chromatin states pertinent to myogenic programs in early myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munerah Hamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Saadia Khilji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,The Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ilya Ioshikhes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,The Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Dixon K, Chen J, Li Q. Gene expression profiling discerns molecular pathways elicited by ligand signaling to enhance the specification of embryonic stem cells into skeletal muscle lineage. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:23. [PMID: 28469839 PMCID: PMC5414197 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of lineage specification and differentiation in embryonic stem (ES) cells can be achieved through the activation of endogenous signaling, an avenue for potential application in regenerative medicine. During vertebrate development, retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in body axis elongation and mesoderm segmentation in that graded exposure to RA provides cells with positional identity and directs commitment to specific tissue lineages. Nevertheless, bexarotene, a clinically approved rexinoid, enhances the specification and differentiation of ES cells into skeletal myocytes more effectively than RA. Thus profiling the transcriptomes of ES cells differentiated with bexarotene or RA permits the identification of different genetic targets and signaling pathways that may contribute to the difference of bexarotene and RA in efficiency of myogenesis. Interestingly, bexarotene induces the early expression of a myogenic progenitor marker, Meox1, while the expression of many RA targets is also enhanced by bexarotene. Several signaling molecules involved in the progression of myogenic specification and commitment are differentially regulated by bexarotene and RA, suggesting that early targets of rexinoid allow the coordinated regulation of molecular events which leads to efficient myogenic differentiation in ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dixon
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Room 2537, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Jihong Chen
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- 0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Room 2537, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada ,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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Nishiofuku H, Cortes A, Minhaj A, Maldonado K, Dixon K, Muñoz N, Kingsley C, Mcwatters A, Kichikawa K, Hicks M, Avritscher R. Understanding the distribution and embolization effects of ultrasmall doxorubicin eluting beads in a rodent model of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Cortes A, Nishiofuku H, Minhaj A, Maldonado K, Dixon K, Kingsley C, Mcwatters A, Kichikawa K, Hicks M, Avritscher R. Factors impacting technical success rate of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Data from the Wellcome Group Quality Control Programme and from the National Quality Control Scheme were kindly provided by Dr. B. A. L. Hurn and Prof. T. P. Whitehead respectively. Figures 1 and 2 are reproduced, with permission, from the Journal of Biological Chemistry and Clinica Chimica Acta respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Dixon
- The General Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH
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Tam AL, Melancon MP, Abdelsalam M, Figueira TA, Dixon K, McWatters A, Zhou M, Huang Q, Mawlawi O, Dunner K, Li C, Gupta S. Imaging Intratumoral Nanoparticle Uptake After Combining Nanoembolization with Various Ablative Therapies in Hepatic VX2 Rabbit Tumors. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 12:296-307. [PMID: 27305763 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combining image-guided therapy techniques for the treatment of liver cancers is a strategy that is being used to improve local tumor control rates. Here, we evaluate the intratumoral uptake of nanoparticles used in combination with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), irreversible electroporation (IRE), or laser induced thermal therapy (LITT). Eight rabbits with VX2 tumor in the liver underwent one of four treatments: (i) nanoembolization (NE) with radiolabeled, hollow gold nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin (⁶⁴Cu-PEG-HAuNS-DOX); (ii) NE + RFA; (iii) NE + IRE; (iv) NE +LITT. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging was obtained 1-hr or 18-hrs after intervention. Tissue samples were collected for autoradiography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. PET/CT imaging at 1-hr showed focal deposition of oil and nanoparticles in the tumor only after NE+ RFA but at 18-hrs, all animals had focal accumulation of oil and nanoparticles in the tumor region. Autoradiograph analysis demonstrated nanoparticle deposition in the tumor and in the ablated tissues adjacent to the tumor when NE was combined with ablation. TEM results showed the intracellular uptake of nanoparticles in tumor only after NE + IRE. Nanoparticles demonstrated a structural change, suggesting direct interaction, potentially leading to drug release, only after NE + LITT. The findings demonstrate that a combined NE and ablation treatment technique for liver tumors is feasible, resulting in deposition of nanoparticles in and around the tumor. Depending on the ablative energy applied, different effects are seen on nanoparticle localization and structure. These effects should be considered when designing nanoparticles for use in combination with ablation technologies.
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Tam AL, Figueira TA, Gagea M, Ensor JE, Dixon K, McWatters A, Gupta S, Fuentes DT. Irreversible Electroporation in the Epidural Space of the Porcine Spine: Effects on Adjacent Structures. Radiology 2016; 281:763-771. [PMID: 27266723 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016152688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE) on the neural tissues after ablation in the epidural space of the porcine spine. Materials and Methods The institutional animal care and use committee approved this study. With the IRE electrode positioned in the right lateral recess of the spinal epidural space, 20 IRE ablations were performed with computed tomographic (CT) guidance by using different applied voltages in four animals that were euthanized immediately after magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spine, performed 6 hours after IRE (terminal group). Histopathologic characteristics of the neural tissues were assessed and used to select a voltage for a survival study. Sixteen CT-guided IRE ablations in the epidural space were performed by using 667 V in four animals that were survived for 7 days (survival group). Clinical characteristics, MR imaging findings (obtained 6 hours after IRE and before euthanasia), histopathologic characteristics, and simulated electric field strengths were assessed. A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the simulated electric field strength to histologic findings. Results The mean distance between the IRE electrode and the spinal cord and nerve root was 1.71 mm ± 0.90 and 8.47 mm + 3.44, respectively. There was no clinical evidence of paraplegia after IRE ablation. MR imaging and histopathologic examination showed no neural tissue lesions within the spinal cord; however, five of 16 nerve roots (31.2%) demonstrated moderate wallerian degeneration in the survival group. The severity of histopathologic injury in the survival group was not significantly related to either the simulated electric field strength or the distance between the IRE electrode and the neural structure (P > .05). Conclusion Although the spinal cord appears resistant to the toxic effects of IRE, injury to the nerve roots may be a limiting factor for the use of IRE ablation in the epidural space. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda L Tam
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
| | - Tomas A Figueira
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
| | - Mihai Gagea
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
| | - Joe E Ensor
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
| | - Katherine Dixon
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
| | - Amanda McWatters
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
| | - David T Fuentes
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., T.A.F., K.D., A.M., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G.), and Imaging Physics (D.T.F.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1471, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; and the Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Tex (J.E.E.)
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Eggers M, Huang S, McArthur M, Dixon K, Dria S, Steele J, Cannizzaro L, Wallace M. Preliminary safety and efficacy of an absorbable vena cava filter in a porcine model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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AlSudais H, Aabed K, Nicola W, Dixon K, Chen J, Li Q. Retinoid X Receptor-selective Signaling in the Regulation of Akt/Protein Kinase B Isoform-specific Expression. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3090-9. [PMID: 26668312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation and fusion of myoblasts into mature myotubes are complex processes responding to multiple signaling pathways. The function of Akt/PKB is critical for myogenesis, but less is clear as to the regulation of its isoform-specific expression. Bexarotene is a drug already used clinically to treat cancer, and it has the ability to enhance the commitment of embryonic stem cells into skeletal muscle lineage. Whereas bexarotene regulates fundamental biological processes through retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated gene expression, molecular pathways underlying its positive effects on myogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we have examined the signaling pathways that transmit bexarotene action in the context of myoblast differentiation. We show that bexarotene promotes myoblast differentiation and fusion through the activation of RXR and the regulation of Akt/PKB isoform-specific expression. Interestingly, bexarotene signaling appears to correlate with residue-specific histone acetylation and is able to counteract the detrimental effects of cachectic factors on myogenic differentiation. We also signify an isoform-specific role for Akt/PKB in RXR-selective signaling to promote and to retain myoblast differentiation. Taken together, our findings establish the viability of applying bexarotene in the prevention and treatment of muscle-wasting disorders, particularly given the lack of drugs that promote myogenic differentiation available for potential clinical applications. Furthermore, the model of bexarotene-enhanced myogenic differentiation will provide an important avenue to identify additional genetic targets and specific molecular interactions that we can study and apply for the development of potential therapeutics in muscle regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kawther Aabed
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - William Nicola
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and
| | | | - Jihong Chen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Werner RA, Maya Y, Yamane T, Rischpler C, Fukushima K, Chen X, Lapa C, Herrmann K, Higuchi T, Thorn S, Stacy M, Purcell B, Doviak H, Shuman J, Perez E, Burdick J, Spinale F, Sinusas A, Treibel T, Bandula S, Fontana M, White S, Gilbertson J, Punwani S, Gillmore J, Hawkins P, Taylor S, Moon J, Caobelli F, Wollenweber T, Kuehn C, Bavendiek U, Schuetze C, Geworski L, Bauersachs J, Haverich A, Bengel F, Barysheva N, Merkulova I, Shabanova M, Gaman S, Veselova T, Shariya M, Kelion AD, Pakkal M, Chowdhury F, Nagaraj N, Birchall J, Dixon K, Banya W, Mccann G, Gershlick A, Rischpler C, Dirschinger R, Nicolosi S, Kossmann H, Meinicke A, Hanus F, Goetze K, Laugwitz K, Schwaiger M, Nekolla S, Rischpler C, Dirschinger R, Nicolosi S, Kossmann H, Meinicke A, Hanus F, Goetze K, Laugwitz K, Schwaiger M, Nekolla S. Moderated Poster Session 4: Monday 4 May 2015, 15:30-16:30 * Room: Moderated Poster Area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Appleton Figueira T, Fuentes D, McWatters A, Dixon K, Gagea-Iurascu M, Tam A. Determining the energy threshold for irreversible electroporation of the spinal cord with mathematical modeling. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Tam AL, Melancon MP, Ensor J, Liu Y, Dixon K, McWatters A, Gupta S. Rabbit hepatic arterial anatomy variations: implications on experimental design. Acta Radiol 2014; 55:1226-33. [PMID: 24292899 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113514050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VX2 rabbit model of liver cancer is commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of locoregional anticancer therapy and knowledge of the hepatic arterial anatomy in the rabbit is important for catheter-directed experiments. PURPOSE To describe the normal anatomy and anatomic variations of the celiac axis and hepatic artery in the rabbit. MATERIAL AND METHODS Angiograms of 222 rabbits were retrospectively reviewed. The branching pattern of the celiac axis was classified and the diameters of the major branches were measured. Paired t-tests were used to compare the difference between the average sizes of arteries. RESULTS Variant celiac axis or hepatic artery anatomy was noted in 25.9% of angiograms, with the gastric branches arising from the proper hepatic artery in 23.3% of cases. The celiac axis could be successfully classified into one of five distinct branching patterns in 193 (86.9%) cases. The mean diameters of the right and left hepatic arteries were 0.67 mm (95% CI [0.64, 0.7]) and 1.25 mm (95% CI [1.19, 1.31]), respectively. The mean diameters of the medial and lateral branches of the left hepatic artery were 0.63 mm (95% CI [0.6, 0.67]) and 0.91 mm (95% CI [0.86, 0.96]), respectively. The right hepatic artery was significantly smaller than the left hepatic artery and the lateral branch of the left hepatic artery (all P values <0.0001). CONCLUSION Arterial variants in the rabbit are not uncommon. The proper hepatic artery often gives origin to gastric artery branches. To facilitate superselective intra-arterial intervention, the left lateral lobe of the liver should be targeted for tumor implantation because of the significant size difference between the right and left hepatic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda L Tam
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marites P Melancon
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joe Ensor
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda McWatters
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Tam AL, Abdelsalam ME, Gagea M, Ensor JE, Moussa M, Ahmed M, Goldberg SN, Dixon K, McWatters A, Miller JJ, Srimathveeravalli G, Solomon SB, Avritscher R, Wallace MJ, Gupta S. Irreversible electroporation of the lumbar vertebrae in a porcine model: is there clinical-pathologic evidence of neural toxicity? Radiology 2014; 272:709-19. [PMID: 24766034 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14132560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in the porcine spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Twenty computed tomographically guided IRE ablations in either a transpedicular location or directly over the posterior cortex were performed in the lumbar vertebrae of 10 pigs by a single operator. T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed with and without contrast material 2 or 7 days after ablation. Mathematical modeling was performed to estimate the extent of ablation. Clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and simulation findings were analyzed. The Miller low-bias back transformation was used to construct 95% confidence intervals for the mean absolute percentage difference between the maximum length and width of the ablation zone on MR images and pathologic measurements by using square-root-transformed data. RESULTS Bipolar IRE electrode placement and ablation were successful in all cases. The mean distances from the IRE electrode to the posterior wall of the vertebral body or the exiting nerve root were 2.93 mm ± 0.77 (standard deviation) and 7.87 mm ± 1.99, respectively. None of the animals had neurologic deficits. Well-delineated areas of necrosis of bone, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle adjacent to the vertebral body were present. Histopathologic changes showed outcomes that matched with simulation-estimated ablation zones. The percentage absolute differences in the ablation measurements between MR imaging and histopathologic examination showed the following average errors: 24.2% for length and 28.8% for width measurements on T2-weighted images, and 26.1% for length and 33.3% for width measurements on T1-weighted contrast material-enhanced images. CONCLUSION IRE ablation in the porcine spine is feasible and safe and produces localized necrosis with minimal neural toxicity. Signal intensity changes on images acquired with standard MR imaging sequences demonstrate the ablation zone to be larger than that at histopathologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda L Tam
- From the Departments of Interventional Radiology (A.L.T., M.E.A., K.D., A.M., R.A., M.J.W., S.G.), Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (M.G., J.J.M.), and Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics (J.E.E.), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301402, Houston, TX 77230-1402; Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (M.M., M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); Radiochemistry and Imaging Science Service and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (G.S.); and Interventional Radiology Service and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (S.B.S.)
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Eggers M, Huang S, Dixon K, Figueira T, Abdelsalam M, Wallace M. In vivo analysis of polydioxanone for the development of absorbable vascular filters. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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O‘Flynn J, Dixon K, Klar Mohamad N, Daha M, van Kooten C. Dendritic cells express alternative pathway components properdin and factor H: Differential regulation by Interferons and IL-27. Mol Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ravoori MK, Han L, Singh SP, Dixon K, Duggal J, Liu P, Uthamanthil R, Gupta S, Wright KC, Kundra V. Noninvasive assessment of gene transfer and expression by in vivo functional and morphologic imaging in a rabbit tumor model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62371. [PMID: 23762226 PMCID: PMC3677885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the importance of morphology in quantifying expression after in vivo gene transfer and to compare gene expression after intra-arterial (IA) and intra-tumoral (IT) delivery of adenovirus expressing a SSTR2-based reporter gene in a large animal tumor model. Materials and Methods Tumor directed IA or IT delivery of adenovirus containing a human somatostatin receptor type 2A (Ad-CMV-HA-SSTR2A) gene chimera or control adenovirus (Ad-CMV-GFP) was performed in VX2 tumors growing in both rabbit thighs. Three days later, 111In-octreotide was administered intravenously after CT imaging using a clinical scanner. 111In-octreotide uptake in tumors was evaluated the following day using a clinical gamma-camera. Gene expression was normalized to tumor weight with and without necrosis. This procedure was repeated on nine additional rabbits to investigate longitudinal gene expression both 5 days and 2 weeks after adenovirus delivery. CT images were used to evaluate tumor morphology and excised tissue samples were analyzed to determine 111In-octreotide biodistribution ex vivo. Results VX2 tumors infected with Ad-CMV-HA-SSTR2 had greater 111In-octreotide uptake than with control virus (P<0.05). Intra-arterial and intra-tumoral routes resulted in similar levels of gene expression. Longitudinally, expression appeared to wane at 2 weeks versus 5 days after delivery. Areas of necrosis did not demonstrate significant uptake ex vivo. Morphology identified areas of necrosis on contrast enhanced CT and upon excluding necrosis, in vivo biodistribution analysis resulted in greater percent injected dose per gram (P<0.01) and corresponded better with ex vivo biodistribution(r = 0.72, P<0.01, Coefficient of the x-variable = .72) at 2 weeks than without excluding necrosis (P<0.01). Conclusion Tumor specificity and high transgene expression can be achieved in tumors via both tumor directed intra-arterial and intra-tumoral delivery in a large animal tumor model. Using clinical machines, morphologic imaging contributes to functional imaging for quantifying SSTR2-based reporter expression in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology
- Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/therapy
- Drug Administration Routes
- Gamma Cameras
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, Reporter/physiology
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Injections, Intra-Arterial
- Injections, Intralesional
- Necrosis
- Octreotide/analogs & derivatives
- Octreotide/pharmacokinetics
- Rabbits
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Transgenes/physiology
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K. Ravoori
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sheela P. Singh
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Interventional Radiology), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas United States of America
| | - Jyoti Duggal
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Uthamanthil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Interventional Radiology), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas United States of America
| | - Kenneth C. Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Interventional Radiology), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas United States of America
| | - Vikas Kundra
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Section of Body Imaging), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Avritscher R, Abdelsalam M, Javadi S, Ensor J, Dixon K, Wallace M, Alt E, Jody Vykoukal J. Percutaneous catheter-based portal application of adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCS) in a large animal model of liver cirrhosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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