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Abstract
A 14-year-old boy with familial Li-Fraumeni syndrome presented with diplopia. Brain MRI revealed a right temporoparietal rim-enhancing mass. Following surgical resection and diagnosis of a gigantocellular-type glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), his family wished to avoid cytotoxic chemotherapy given the amplified risk of secondary malignancy. As such, we performed whole exome and transcriptome sequencing, which revealed germline TP53 and somatic TSC2 mutations. On completion of adjuvant radiotherapy, he was started on maintenance therapy with everolimus per recommendations from our multi-institutional brain tumour precision medicine tumour board. He has achieved a complete remission with resolution of visual symptoms and remains on everolimus therapy with concurrent electromagnetic field therapy, now 33 months from diagnosis. Our data highlight the benefit of precision medicine in children with GBM and offer insight into a targetable pathway that may be involved in similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Zureick
- University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rajen Mody
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Koschmann C, Wu YM, Kumar C, Lonigro R, Vats P, Kasaian K, Cieslik M, Cao X, Frank K, Prensner JR, Zureick A, Everett J, Anderson B, Mullan B, Marini B, Camelo-Piragua S, Vennneti S, Keever PM, McFadden KA, Lieberman A, Leonard M, Maher CO, Garton HJL, Muraszko K, Robertson P, Robinson D, Chinnaiyan A, Mody R. PDCT-14. CLINICALLY INTEGRATED SEQUENCING SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERS THERAPY IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIGH-RISK GLIAL BRAIN TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
CONTEXT - Neoplasms originating in the thalamus are rare overall (1% of all brain tumors); however, they comprise approximately 5% of pediatric intracranial tumors and approach 15% of all malignant pediatric intracranial tumors in some series. OBJECTIVE - To update readers about the current understanding of the diverse histology, biology, and behavior of pediatric thalamic tumors. Histologic verification is now thought to be critical for planning treatment, and, as a result, biopsy and total/subtotal resections are much more common today than in the past. DATA SOURCES - A PubMed search using the keywords "pediatric + thalamic + glioma" yielded 45 publications with a total of 445 cases of thalamic gliomas in patients less than 18 years of age. We found only 9 substantial institutional series tabulating all encountered thalamic histologic types in children. This survey confirmed a high proportion of astrocytomas, 81% (214 of 265), of which approximately two-thirds were diffuse astrocytomas (146 of 214) and one-third were pilocytic astrocytomas (68 of 214). Of the diffuse astrocytomas, 34% (49 of 146) were low grade (World Health Organization grade II) and 55% (81 of 146) were high grade (World Health Organization grade III or IV), making the latter subgroup the largest single category of all pediatric thalamic tumors. Oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas (mostly anaplastic in both cases) comprised 10% and 3% of all pediatric thalamic tumors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS - Tissue diagnosis is now thought crucial for prognostication and treatment, particularly as more potentially therapeutic molecular targets are discovered. Secure diagnosis allows identification of tumors for which resection is more feasible and beneficial.
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Marini BL, Benitez LL, Zureick AH, Salloum R, Gauthier AC, Brown J, Wu YM, Robinson DR, Kumar C, Lonigro R, Vats P, Cao X, Kasaian K, Anderson B, Mullan B, Chandler B, Linzey JR, Camelo-Piragua SI, Venneti S, McKeever PE, McFadden KA, Lieberman AP, Brown N, Shao L, Leonard MAS, Junck L, McKean E, Maher CO, Garton HJL, Muraszko KM, Hervey-Jumper S, Mulcahy-Levy JM, Green A, Hoffman LM, Dorris K, Vitanza NA, Wang J, Schwartz J, Lulla R, Smiley NP, Bornhorst M, Haas-Kogan DA, Robertson PL, Chinnaiyan AM, Mody R, Koschmann C. Blood-brain barrier-adapted precision medicine therapy for pediatric brain tumors. Transl Res 2017; 188:27.e1-27.e14. [PMID: 28860053 PMCID: PMC5584679 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted chemotherapeutics provide a promising new treatment option in neuro-oncology. The ability of these compounds to penetrate the blood-brain barrier is crucial for their successful incorporation into patient care. "CNS Targeted Agent Prediction" (CNS-TAP) is a multi-institutional and multidisciplinary translational program established at the University of Michigan for evaluating the central nervous system (CNS) activity of targeted therapies in neuro-oncology. In this report, we present the methodology of CNS-TAP in a series of pediatric and adolescent patients with high-risk brain tumors, for which molecular profiling (academic and commercial) was sought and targeted agents were incorporated. Four of five of the patients had potential clinical benefit (partial response or stable disease greater than 6 months on therapy). We further describe the specific drug properties of each agent chosen and discuss characteristics relevant in their evaluation for therapeutic suitability. Finally, we summarize both tumor and drug characteristics that impact the ability to successfully incorporate targeted therapies into CNS malignancy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard L Marini
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Pharmacy Services, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Lydia L Benitez
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Pharmacy Services, Ann Arbor, Mich; University of Kentucky Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, Lexington, Ky
| | | | - Ralph Salloum
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Julia Brown
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Pharmacy Services, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Yi-Mi Wu
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | - Chandan Kumar
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | - Pankaj Vats
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Xuhong Cao
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Noah Brown
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Lina Shao
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | - Larry Junck
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Erin McKean
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Green
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Katie Dorris
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Joanne Wang
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Mich
| | | | - Rishi Lulla
- Anne and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago Ill
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajen Mody
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
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Orringer DA, Pandian B, Hollon TC, Niknafs YS, Boyle J, Lewis S, Hervey-Jumper SL, Garton HJ, Maher CO, Heth JA, Sagher O, Snuderl M, Venneti S, Ramkissoon S, McFadden KA, Fisher-Hubbard A, Lieberman A, Johnson TD, Xie XS, Freudiger CW, Camelo-Piragua S. SURG-13. STIMULATED RAMAN SCATTERING MICROSCOPY PROVIDES DIAGNOSTIC INTRAOPERATIVE HISTOPATHOLOGIC IMAGES IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Liu L, Lei J, Sanders SJ, Willsey AJ, Kou Y, Cicek AE, Klei L, Lu C, He X, Li M, Muhle RA, Ma’ayan A, Noonan JP, Šestan N, McFadden KA, State MW, Buxbaum JD, Devlin B, Roeder K. DAWN: a framework to identify autism genes and subnetworks using gene expression and genetics. Mol Autism 2014; 5:22. [PMID: 24602502 PMCID: PMC4016412 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2392-5-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo loss-of-function (dnLoF) mutations are found twofold more often in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) probands than their unaffected siblings. Multiple independent dnLoF mutations in the same gene implicate the gene in risk and hence provide a systematic, albeit arduous, path forward for ASD genetics. It is likely that using additional non-genetic data will enhance the ability to identify ASD genes. METHODS To accelerate the search for ASD genes, we developed a novel algorithm, DAWN, to model two kinds of data: rare variations from exome sequencing and gene co-expression in the mid-fetal prefrontal and motor-somatosensory neocortex, a critical nexus for risk. The algorithm casts the ensemble data as a hidden Markov random field in which the graph structure is determined by gene co-expression and it combines these interrelationships with node-specific observations, namely gene identity, expression, genetic data and the estimated effect on risk. RESULTS Using currently available genetic data and a specific developmental time period for gene co-expression, DAWN identified 127 genes that plausibly affect risk, and a set of likely ASD subnetworks. Validation experiments making use of published targeted resequencing results demonstrate its efficacy in reliably predicting ASD genes. DAWN also successfully predicts known ASD genes, not included in the genetic data used to create the model. CONCLUSIONS Validation studies demonstrate that DAWN is effective in predicting ASD genes and subnetworks by leveraging genetic and gene expression data. The findings reported here implicate neurite extension and neuronal arborization as risks for ASD. Using DAWN on emerging ASD sequence data and gene expression data from other brain regions and tissues would likely identify novel ASD genes. DAWN can also be used for other complex disorders to identify genes and subnetworks in those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Jeremy Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yan Kou
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Systems Biology Center New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdullah Ercument Cicek
- Ray and Stephanie Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cong Lu
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin He
- Ray and Stephanie Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca A Muhle
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Avi Ma’ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics and Systems Biology Center New York, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James P Noonan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nenad Šestan
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn A McFadden
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Friedman Brain Institute and Mindisch Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Ray and Stephanie Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tomycz ND, Ortiz V, McFadden KA, Urgo L, Moossy JJ. Management of symptomatic intrathecal catheter-associated inflammatory masses. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114:190-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Tomycz ND, Ortiz V, McFadden KA, Urgo L, Moossy JJ. Management of Symptomatic Intrathecal Catheter-Associated Inflammatory Masses. Neurosurgery 2010. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000387020.68059.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Golden JA, Bracilovic A, McFadden KA, Beesley JS, Rubenstein JL, Grinspan JB. Ectopic bone morphogenetic proteins 5 and 4 in the chicken forebrain lead to cyclopia and holoprosencephaly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:2439-44. [PMID: 10051661 PMCID: PMC26803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.5.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper dorsal-ventral patterning in the developing central nervous system requires signals from both the dorsal and ventral portions of the neural tube. Data from multiple studies have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and Sonic hedgehog protein are secreted factors that regulate dorsal and ventral specification, respectively, within the caudal neural tube. In the developing rostral central nervous system Sonic hedgehog protein also participates in ventral regionalization; however, the roles of BMPs in the developing brain are less clear. We hypothesized that BMPs also play a role in dorsal specification of the vertebrate forebrain. To test our hypothesis we implanted beads soaked in recombinant BMP5 or BMP4 into the neural tube of the chicken forebrain. Experimental embryos showed a loss of the basal telencephalon that resulted in holoprosencephaly (a single cerebral hemisphere), cyclopia (a single midline eye), and loss of ventral midline structures. In situ hybridization using a panel of probes to genes expressed in the dorsal and ventral forebrain revealed the loss of ventral markers with the maintenance of dorsal markers. Furthermore, we found that the loss of the basal telencephalon was the result of excessive cell death and not a change in cell fates. These data provide evidence that BMP signaling participates in dorsal-ventral patterning of the developing brain in vivo, and disturbances in dorsal-ventral signaling result in specific malformations of the forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Rahn K, Wilson JB, McFadden KA, Read SC, Ellis AG, Renwick SA, Clarke RC, Johnson RP. Comparison of Vero cell assay and PCR as indicators of the presence of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in bovine and human fecal samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4314-7. [PMID: 8953703 PMCID: PMC168258 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.12.4314-4317.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparisons were made between Vero cell assay (VCA) and PCR as indicators for the detection of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC; also known as Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli) and as predictors of VTEC isolation from bovine and human fecal samples. Fecal samples were collected as part of a survey on the prevalence of VTEC on dairy farms in southern Ontario (J. B. Wilson et al., J. Infect. Dis., 174:1021-1027, 1996). A total of 2,655 samples were examined by VCA and PCR, 2,153 originating from cattle and 502 originating from humans. Overall, 36.2% of the samples were positive in the VCA and 38.7% were positive by PCR. Of the VCA-positive samples screened, 41.6% yielded a VTEC isolate. For both human and bovine samples, a significant positive association between PCR result and VCA titer (P = 0.0001) was found. In addition, there was a significant positive association between the PCR result and VTEC isolation from VCA-positive samples for cattle (odds ratio = 9.1, P < 0.0001). For bovine samples positive in the VCA, VCA titer was significantly associated with the probability of obtaining a VTEC isolate. Agreement between VCA and PCR was good for both bovine and human samples (kappa = 0.69 and 0.64, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR with respect to the VCA for bovine samples were 82.0 and 86.5%, respectively, and those for human samples were 59.3 and 98.1%, respectively. Although correlation between VCA and PCR results was not absolute, when used in conjunction, these tests complemented one another as predictors of VTEC isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rahn
- Health of Animals Laboratory, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Poppe C, McFadden KA, Demczuk WH. Drug resistance, plasmids, biotypes and susceptibility to bacteriophages of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Canada. Int J Food Microbiol 1996; 30:325-44. [PMID: 8854185 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(96)00960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella isolates from 295 layer and 294 broiler flocks in Canada were examined to determine resistance to antimicrobial agents, plasmid profiles, biochemical properties, and susceptibility to polyvalent bacteriophages. Except for the high number of strains resistant to spectinomycin (97.8%), the frequency of drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from layer flocks was low. None of 457 isolates from layer flocks was resistant to amikacin or ciprofloxacin, and less than 2% of the strains were resistant to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, and/or polymyxin B. About 3% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and/or tetracycline, whereas 8% of the strains were resistant to sulfisoxazole. Salmonella anatum var. O15+ and S. typhimurium var. copenhagen strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. None of 1159 Salmonella strains from broiler flocks was resistant to amikacin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin or polymyxin B, less than 1% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, 2% were resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and/or chloramphenicol; 5-7% were resistant to the aminoglycosides gentamicin, kanamycin and/or neomycin; 6% were resistant to nitrofurantoin; 10% to tetracycline; 14% to sulfisoxazole; and 99% to spectinomycin. A high percentage of S. binza, S. anatum var. O15+, S. schwarzengrund and S. heidelberg strains were resistant to antimicrobial agents. Some of the single or multiple resistances were encoded by conjugative plasmids or by plasmids that were thermosensitive for transfer. Eight percent of S. heidelberg strains did not produce hydrogen sulfide. Ninety-seven percent of the Salmonella strains were susceptible to the lytic effect of polyvalent bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poppe
- Health of Anìmals Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Poppe C, McFadden KA, Brouwer AM, Demczuk W. Characterization of Salmonella enteritidis strains. Can J Vet Res 1993; 57:176-84. [PMID: 8358678 PMCID: PMC1263620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to characterize 318 Salmonella enteritidis strains that were mainly isolated from poultry and their environment in Canada. Biotype, phagetype (PT), plasmid profile (PP), hybridization with a plasmid-derived virulence sequence probe, antibiotic resistance, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles were determined. Relationships of these properties to one another, and their diagnostic and pathogenic significance were assessed. Biotyping indicated that failure to ferment rhamnose was sometimes useful as a marker for epidemiologically related strains. Phagetyping was the most effective method for subdividing S. enteritidis; it distinguished 12 PTs. Phagetype 13 was occasionally associated with septicemia and mortality in chickens. The strains belonged to 15 PPs. A 36 megadalton (MDa) plasmid was found in 97% of the strains. Only the 36 MDa plasmid hybridized with the probe. Seventeen percent of the strains were drug resistant; all strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Thirty-five of 36 strains possessed the same OMP profile, and 36 of 41 strains contained smooth LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poppe
- Health of Animals Laboratory, Agriculture Canada, Guelph, Ontario
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