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Water circulation in Ryugu asteroid affected the distribution of nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies in returned sample. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7048. [PMID: 37939187 PMCID: PMC10631728 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies of material returned from Cb asteroid Ryugu have revealed considerable mineralogical and chemical heterogeneity, stemming primarily from brecciation and aqueous alteration. Isotopic anomalies could have also been affected by delivery of exogenous clasts and aqueous mobilization of soluble elements. Here, we show that isotopic anomalies for mildly soluble Cr are highly variable in Ryugu and CI chondrites, whereas those of Ti are relatively uniform. This variation in Cr isotope ratios is most likely due to physicochemical fractionation between 54Cr-rich presolar nanoparticles and Cr-bearing secondary minerals at the millimeter-scale in the bulk samples, likely due to extensive aqueous alteration in their parent bodies that occurred [Formula: see text] after Solar System birth. In contrast, Ti isotopes were marginally affected by this process. Our results show that isotopic heterogeneities in asteroids are not all nebular or accretionary in nature but can also reflect element redistribution by water.
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Fast-ion-induced secondary ion emission from submicron droplet surfaces studied using a new coincidence technique with forward-scattered projectiles. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224201. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0032301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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The clinical value of PERCIST to predict tumour response and prognosis of patients with oesophageal cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:79.e9-79.e18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract P2-08-35: A significance of SUVmax levels on FDG-PET as a prognostic factor may be mediated by local immune environment of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p2-08-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
(Background) SUVmax levels (maximum radioactivity concentration per a pixel) on FDG-PET reflect glucose uptake and it is clinically useful as a prognostic factor. It is reported that breast cancer with high levels of SUVmax causes insufficient glucose concentration in stromal tissue, which results in suppressed cytotoxic T-lymphocytes function. These data may indicate that the prognostic significance of SUVmax levels is influenced by local immune environment of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate whether local immune responses of breast cancer affect correlation of SUVmax levels and prognosis.
(Method) The 278 invasive breast cancer patients were recruited who underwent surgery at Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital and whose SUVmax levels in the breast were examined before surgery or neo-adjuvant therapy. The cutoff value of SUVmax levels was set at 3.585. Tumor infiltrate lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated as a local immune response and the distributions of TILs were divided into three groups, inflamed (intra-tumoral lymphocytes, Inf), immune excluded (peri-tumoral lymphocytes, IE) and immune desert (very few lymphocytes, ID). During follow-up period (median 39 months), 21 patients relapsed.
(Results) Relapse free survival (RFS) in the SUVmax-high group was significantly worse than in the SUVmax–low group (p=0.0026). There was no correlation between TILs distribution patterns and RFS. In the IE+ID group (175 patients) SUVmax levels were not correlated with prognosis, but in the Inf group (103 patients) RFS of SUVmax-high was significantly worse than of SUVmax-low (p=0.0051). In the multivariate analysis including nodal status and nuclear grade, SUVmax levels of the Inf group was an independent prognostic factor.
(Discussion and conclusion) SUVmax levels in primary lesions were correlated with prognosis only in the Inf group and were not in the IE+ID group. A significance of SUVmax levels as a prognostic factor may be diverse depending on the local immune environment of breast cancer. A novel therapeutic strategy such as inducing suppression of glucose uptake in cancer cells is suggested for breast cancer with immune inflamed.
Citation Format: Fujimoto Y, Higuchi T, Watanabe T, Hida AI, Imamura M, Kitajima K, Miyoshi Y. A significance of SUVmax levels on FDG-PET as a prognostic factor may be mediated by local immune environment of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-35.
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EP-1119: Comparison between T staging and FDG-PET for predicting outcomes of maxillary sinus carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Long-term follow-up of kidney donors is needed not only for the individual donor's benefit but also to establish analyzable databases to improve the selection criteria for future donors. We collected data including the date of transplantation, the date of the last follow-up, donor's age, sex, their relationship to the recipient, renal function, proteinuria, and the prevalence of hypertension. Of 124 donors, 52 donors were not being followed up. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.3 ± 3.6 years. Follow-up rates were 83.9%, 74.6%, and 59.2% at 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years postdonation, respectively. Of those not being followed up, 75% dropped out. Follow-up rates did not differ between parent and spouse donors 5 years (57.1% vs. 71.4%; P = 0.4) postdonation. Similarly, follow-up rates at 5 years did not differ between donors aged 60 years or older and those younger than 60 (57.5% vs. 61.3%; P = 0.6). Of 72 donors being followed up, 75.0% had estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 8.3% had proteinuria, and 41.7% had hypertension requiring medication. There is a limitation to the endeavor of each transplant center to follow-up all their donors. Long-term donor follow-up in Japan requires a national registration system and mandates transplant center participation.
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Transplantation of Restored Kidneys From Unrelated Donors After Resection of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From 10 Patients. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:1711-9. [PMID: 26293039 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To relieve the chronic shortage of donor kidneys, we conducted a prospective kidney transplantation trial using kidneys removed from 10 unrelated patients (51 to 79 years of age) who had undergone nephrectomy for small renal cell carcinoma (1.5 to 3.9 cm) of low-to-moderate complexity based on RENAL (radius, exophytic/endophytic properties, nearness of tumor to the collecting system or sinus in millimeters, anterior/posterior location relative to polar lines) nephrometry (objective description helpful for operative indication and planning). METHODS Donors were selected from among 15 patients who opted to undergo nephrectomy for small renal cell carcinoma. A total of 76 dialysis patients 34 to 85 years of age who agreed to undergo restored kidney transplantation were recruited as transplant candidates. RESULTS In stage 1 (5 cases), high-risk patients were selected without human leukocyte antigen testing, and accelerated acute rejection occurred in 4 of 5 recipients. This trial was subsequently extended with human leukocyte antigen testing, and an additional 5 patients were enrolled in stage 2. Eight recipients, including 4 recipients with a history of renal transplantation, experienced rejection; 1 patient resumed dialysis 35 months after transplantation. The most recent serum creatinine levels ranged from 1.10 to 3.19 mg/dL in the 9 recipients with functioning grafts and from 0.84 to 4.68 mg/dL in the 10 donors. No tumor recurrence was noted at 32 to 58 months after surgery in either the recipients or the donors. CONCLUSIONS Restored kidney transplantation using kidneys with a small renal tumor seems suitable for carefully selected high-risk recipients and, in particular, elderly kidneys can also function well. Avoiding cancer transmission, fair recipient selection, close follow-up, and a well-organized tracking system warrant further study.
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Carbon and sulfur isotopic signatures of ancient life and environment at the microbial scale: Neoarchean shales and carbonates. GEOBIOLOGY 2016; 14:105-28. [PMID: 26498593 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An approach to coordinated, spatially resolved, in situ carbon isotope analysis of organic matter and carbonate minerals, and sulfur three- and four-isotope analysis of pyrite with an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution, precision, and accuracy is described. Organic matter and pyrite from eleven rock samples of Neoarchean drill core express nearly the entire range of δ(13) C, δ(34) S, Δ(33) S, and Δ(36) S known from the geologic record, commonly in correlation with morphology, mineralogy, and elemental composition. A new analytical approach (including a set of organic calibration standards) to account for a strong correlation between H/C and instrumental bias in SIMS δ(13) C measurement of organic matter is identified. Small (2-3 μm) organic domains in carbonate matrices are analyzed with sub-permil accuracy and precision. Separate 20- to 50-μm domains of kerogen in a single ~0.5 cm(3) sample of the ~2.7 Ga Tumbiana Formation have δ(13) C = -52.3 ± 0.1‰ and -34.4 ± 0.1‰, likely preserving distinct signatures of methanotrophy and photoautotrophy. Pyrobitumen in the ~2.6 Ga Jeerinah Formation and the ~2.5 Ga Mount McRae Shale is systematically (13) C-enriched relative to co-occurring kerogen, and associations with uraniferous mineral grains suggest radiolytic alteration. A large range in sulfur isotopic compositions (including higher Δ(33) S and more extreme spatial gradients in Δ(33) S and Δ(36) S than any previously reported) are observed in correlation with morphology and associated mineralogy. Changing systematics of δ(34) S, Δ(33) S, and Δ(36) S, previously investigated at the millimeter to centimeter scale using bulk analysis, are shown to occur at the micrometer scale of individual pyrite grains. These results support the emerging view that the dampened signature of mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionation (S-MIF) associated with the Mesoarchean continued into the early Neoarchean, and that the connections between methane and sulfur metabolism affected the production and preservation of S-MIF during the first half of the planet's history.
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Intramastoid drainage surgery for Ménière's disease--critical analysis of variation of surgical results for Ménière's disease. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 42:269-74. [PMID: 3213740 DOI: 10.1159/000416121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Neocarzinostatin: a new agent active in the treatment of acute leukemia. BIBLIOTHECA HAEMATOLOGICA 2015:751-2. [PMID: 126059 DOI: 10.1159/000397597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Computed diffusion-weighted MRI for prostate cancer detection: the influence of the combinations of b-values. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140738. [PMID: 25605347 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the combinations of b-values on computed diffusion-weighted images (cDWIs) for prostate cancer (PCa) detection at b = 2000 s mm(-2). METHODS Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWIs) for 31 patients with PCa (65.2 ± 7.1 years) were obtained pre-operatively at different b-values (0, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 s mm(-2)) on a 3-T MRI. cDWIs at b = 2000 were generated by using six b-value combinations: 0-100 s mm(-2) (cDWI0-100); 0-500 s mm(-2) (cDWI0-500); 100-500 s mm(-2) (cDWI100-500); 0-1000 s mm(-2) (cDWI0-1000); 100-1000 s mm(-2) (cDWI100-1000); and 500-1000 s mm(-2) (cDWI500-1000). These cDWIs and measured DWIs with b = 2000 s mm(-2) (mDWI2000) were evaluated in this setting. To assess image quality for each DWI, contrast ratios (CRs) of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions were evaluated. To compare the detectability of PCa for each DWI, receiver operating characteristic analysis was used. RESULTS CRs of all cDWIs were significantly higher than those of mDWI2000 (p < 0.05). Areas under the curve of cDWI0-100 (0.62) and cDWI0-500 (0.65) were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) than those of others (cDWI100-500, 0.72; cDWI0-1000, 0.73; cDWI100-1000, 0.71; cDWI500-1000, 0.74; mDWI2000, 0.72). CONCLUSION The combinations of b-values influenced image quality and diagnostic ability of cDWIs for PCa detection. The combinations of b ≥ 100 and b ≥ 500 s mm(-2), as well as b = 0 and b = 1000 s mm(-2), were optimal in this study. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE For generating the useful cDWI for PCa detection, radiologists should take care of the combination of b-values when including low b-values.
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Treatment outcomes of the patients with early glottic cancer treated with initial radiotherapy and salvaged by conservative surgery. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 45:248-55. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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A-05 * The Effect of Mahjong on Healthy Elderly Persons' Cognitive Function. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament: a case report with CT and MRI images. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2014; 35:174-177. [PMID: 24772923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament is a very rare and highly malignant gynecological tumor. The authors report a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman with signs and symptoms of malignant ovarian tumor. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was interpreted as being suspicious for malignant tumors, such as an ovarian cancer or a leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament, so laparotomy was performed. Macroscopically, the tumor was revealed with a 18 x 13.7 x 9.5 cm degenerated, multiple cystic part and solid whitish part arising from broad ligament which on histopathology proved to be leiomyosarcoma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, primary leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament has been documented in 21 reports or so, and no imaging findings are available. Here the authors present the MRI findings of primary leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament.
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Disialic, oligosialic and polysialic acids: distribution, functions and related disease. J Biochem 2013; 154:115-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Perioperative management of combined heart-liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis, renal insufficiency, or pulmonary hypertension. Clin Transplant 2011; 25:228-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2010.01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Established, emerging and future applications of FDG-PET/CT in the uterine cancer. Clin Radiol 2011; 66:297-307. [PMID: 21356392 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is a useful technique to acquire both glucose metabolic and anatomic imaging data using a single device in a single diagnostic session and has opened a new field in clinical oncologic imaging. FDG-PET/CT has been used successfully for the staging, optimization of treatment, re-staging, therapy monitoring, and prognostic prediction of uterine cervical cancer and endometrial cancer as well as various malignant tumours. The present review discusses the current role of FDG-PET/CT in the management of uterine cancer, discussing its usefulness and limitations in the imaging of these patients.
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The incidence of shockable rhythm is low in the elderly: A nationwide population-based study. Resuscitation 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Developmental stage-dependent expression of an 2,8-trisialic acid unit on glycoproteins in mouse brain. Glycobiology 2010; 20:916-28. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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The use of frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD in assessment of gastro-oesophageal reflex symptoms in asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010; 38:20-4. [PMID: 20092933 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In adult asthmatics the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reportedly ranges from 34% to 89%. Oesophageal pH monitoring and endoscopy are not required in the patient with typical GERD symptoms before the initiation of a therapeutic trial. Diagnosis of GERD on the basis of history is the simplest and quickest method, placing no demand on patients. Recently, a new questionnaire (FSSG; Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) was produced to evaluate the severity and the therapeutic response of GERD. The FSSG (F-scale) was used to assess the GERD in subjects with persistent moderate to severe asthma treated with anti-inflammatory asthma medication. In the present study, 27.4% of the patients with asthma had symptoms suggestive of GERD. There is significant correlation between GERD symptom (F-scale score) and severity of cough and sputum. The observations suggested that reflux symptoms, not gastric dysmotility symptoms, significantly associated with severity of cough, not of sputum. It is the first such study to use a FSSG as incidence of GERD symptoms in asthmatics and examine the relationship between F-scale score and asthmatic symptoms.
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ABO blood type incompatible kidney transplantation without splenectomy prepared with plasma exchange and rituximab. Transplant Proc 2009; 40:3445-7. [PMID: 19100409 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have designed a protocol for ABO-incompatible kidney transplantations based on preoperative plasmapheresis with a tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil/methylprednisolone/basiliximab protocol using low-dose rituximab (200 mg/body) instead of splenectomy to prevent antibody-mediated acute rejection. Eight patients successfully received transplants with this protocol. The titers of anti-A and -B antibodies as well as the number of CD20(+) cells were readily maintained at a low level posttransplantation. There were no side effects. All patients have renal transplant function with a follow-up of 1-34 months.
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Autologous Blood Transfusion for Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:1371-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sonographic preoperative assessment of liver volume before major liver resection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 32:382-9. [PMID: 18403156 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of ultrasonography is widespread for both the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors. However, the measurement of liver volume by ultrasonography is not commonly done. We report an original method of liver volumetry using ultrasonography and an investigation into the usefulness of ultrasonography in this context. METHODS The data for 50 patients undergoing various types of major hepatectomy were collected. We preoperatively measured liver volume using ultrasonography, dividing the liver into three main compartments according to precise anatomical landmarks, and then made comparisons with the volume of the actual specimen after hepatectomy, for all of the study participants. RESULTS Total volume correlation between the two groups was good (r = 0.916, P < 0.001). However, the correlation was weaker in cases of right hepatectomy compared with other types of hepatectomy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the possibility of doing liver volumetry using an ultrasound device. Further investigation to establish the reliability of this easily available and noninvasive approach is needed.
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate porcine circovirus (PCV) shedding into the milk of sows. Colostrum was collected from 33 sows. PCV1 was isolated from four of 33 milk whey samples. PCV1 DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in three of these samples and in three of 10 milk cell samples. PCV2 was also isolated and detected from every single milk whey sample. These results showed that PCV1 and PCV2 were shed into the milk of sows and suggest that PCV can be transmitted to offspring by an oral route through milk.
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Methylation of the oestrogen receptor gene in non-neoplastic epithelium as a marker of colorectal neoplasia risk in longstanding and extensive ulcerative colitis. Gut 2005; 54:1287-92. [PMID: 15870230 PMCID: PMC1774644 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance colonoscopy is widely recommended in patients with longstanding and extensive ulcerative colitis (UC) in order to detect colorectal neoplasia at an early stage. However, it still remains questionable whether surveillance colonoscopy effectively enables early detection of UC associated neoplasia. There is a great need for sensitive markers to identify individuals at increased risk of neoplasia. The oestrogen receptor (OR) gene shows age related methylation in the colorectal epithelium and is methylated frequently in sporadic colorectal neoplasia, suggesting that OR methylation may predispose to colorectal neoplasia. AIM To clarify whether analysis of methylation of the OR gene in non-neoplastic epithelium can contribute to prediction of increased neoplasia risk in UC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 165 non-neoplastic colorectal epithelia from 30 patients with longstanding and extensive UC, including 13 UC patients with neoplasia and 17 patients without, were evaluated. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the methylation status of the OR gene. RESULTS Methylation of the OR gene was detected in 54 of 70 (77.1%) non-neoplastic colorectal epithelia in UC with neoplasia but in only 23 of 95 (24.2%) without neoplasia. Methylation of the OR gene was significantly more frequent in non-neoplastic epithelium from UC with neoplasia than in chronic colitic epithelium from UC without neoplasia. Furthermore, in UC with neoplasia, the OR gene was extensively methylated in non-neoplastic epithelia throughout the colorectum compared with those in UC without neoplasia. CONCLUSION These results suggest that analysis of OR gene methylation may have potential as a useful marker for identifying individuals at increased risk of neoplasia among those with longstanding and extensive UC.
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Specificity of human trans-sialidase as probed with gangliosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5161-4. [PMID: 15380219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that human blood contains a soluble 67 kDa enzyme, belonging by its donor-acceptor properties to trans-sialidases. The enzyme is capable of both cleaving and synthesizing alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 sialosides [Atherosclerosis2001, 159, 103]. In this work the study of donor-acceptor specificity of the new enzyme was extended. It has been demonstrated in vitro that trans-sialidase possesses the ability of transferring Neu5Ac residue to acceptor (asialofetuin) both from alpha2-3- (GM1, GM3, GD1a), and alpha2-8-sialylated gangliosides (GD3 and GD1b, but not GT1b and GQ1b). Transfer of radiolabeled Neu5Ac from fetuin to glycosphingolipids demonstrated that Lac-Cer>mono- and disialogangliosides>GT1b>GQ1b were acceptors for this enzyme. Two methods were used to reveal whether alpha2-8 bond can be formed between Neu5Ac residues during trans-sialylation, that is immunochemical detection using monoclonal antibodies specific to alpha2-8 di- and oligosialic acids, and fluorometric C7/C9 analysis. Both methods demonstrated the formation of Neu5Acalpha2-8Neu5Ac termination by trans-sialidase, for example, in case of the use 3'SL as sialic acid donor and Neu5Ac-PAA or LDL as acceptor. Thus, human trans-sialidase in vitro displays wide substrate specificity: the enzyme is capable of digesting as well as synthesizing alpha2-3, alpha2-6, and alpha2-8 sialosides.
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Ishii K, Kitajima K. Crit Care 2005; 9:P285. [DOI: 10.1186/cc3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ethnic differences in the formation of small LDL particles in Asians: a comparison of Koreans, Japanese and Mongolians. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34:738-46. [PMID: 15530146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of small, dense LDL particles has been recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) but is not directly representative of CHD mortality rate beyond any given population. We investigated whether such inconsistency between three Asian ethnic groups might have arisen from anthropometric and metabolic factors. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional survey among adult Koreans (412), Japanese (453) and Mongolians (253). RESULTS The prevalence of small LDL particles was 36% in the Koreans, 21% in the Japanese and 7% in the Mongolians. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed plasma triglyceride (TG) levels to be the strongest determinant of small LDL particle size in all three groups, with sex, HDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-C being other ethnic-specific significant determinants. Body mass index (BMI), FFA and insulin resistance were not significant factors in the regression analysis. Of the subjects with low TG levels (< 133 mg dL(-1)), 25% of the Koreans and 10% of the Japanese, but no Mongolians, had small LDL particles. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that traditionally, high-carbohydrate diets in Korea and Japan possibly contribute to higher TG-levels compared with BMI-matched Mongolians, and to the formation of small LDL particles, even in instances of low TG levels.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several animal models for human ulcerative colitis (UC) associated neoplasia have been reported. However, most neoplasias developed in these models have morphological and genetic characteristics different from UC associated neoplasia. AIMS To establish a new colitis associated neoplasia model in p53 deficient mice by treatment with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). METHODS DSS colitis was induced in homozygous p53 deficient mice (p53(-/-)-DSS), heterozygous p53 deficient mice (p53(+/-)-DSS) and wild-type mice (p53+/+-DSS) by treatment with 4% DSS. Numbers of developed neoplasias were compared among the experimental groups, and macroscopic and microscopic features of the neoplasias were analysed. Furthermore, K-ras mutation and beta-catenin expression were assessed. RESULTS p53(-/-)-DSS mice showed 100% incidence of neoplasias whereas the incidences in p53(+/-)-DSS and p53+/+-DSS mice were 46.2% and 13.3%, respectively. No neoplasias were observed in the control groups. The mean numbers of total neoplasias per mouse were 5.0 (p53(-/-)-DSS), 0.62 (p53(+/-)-DSS), and 0.2 (p53+/+-DSS). The number of neoplasias per mouse in the p53(-/-)-DSS group was significantly higher than that in the other DSS groups. The incidences of superficial type neoplasias were 91.7% in p53(-/-)-DSS mice, 75.0% in p53(+/-)-DSS mice, and 33.3% in p53+/+-DSS mice. The K-ras mutation was not detected in any of the neoplasias tested. Translocation of beta-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm or nucleus was observed in 19 of 23 (82.6%) neoplasias. CONCLUSIONS The p53(-/-)-DSS mice is an excellent animal model of UC associated neoplasia because the morphological features and molecular genetics are similar to those of UC associated neoplasia. Therefore, this model will contribute to the analysis of tumorigenesis related to human UC associated neoplasia and the development of chemopreventive agents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced
- Colitis, Ulcerative/complications
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/etiology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Dextran Sulfate
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genes, p53
- Genes, ras
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- beta Catenin
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Overweight Japanese with body mass indexes of 23.0-24.9 have higher risks for obesity-associated disorders: a comparison of Japanese and Mongolians. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:152-8. [PMID: 14557832 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The degree of obesity of Asians is less than that of Caucasians. It has been suggested that Japanese, categorized as having normal weight (BMI<25.0), as defined by WHO (2000), have a tendency toward increased incidences of dyslipidemia and diabetes. Our objective was to analyze parameters constituting obesity-associated disorders in overweight Japanese and Mongolians with a body mass index (BMI) of 23.0-24.9, and to assess the suitability for Asians of the Regional Office for Western Pacific Region of WHO criteria pertaining to obesity (WPRO criteria, 2000). DESIGN Cross-sectional study in a workplace setting. SUBJECTS A total of 386 Japanese men and 363 Japanese women, and 102 Mongolian men and 155 Mongolian women. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure) and metabolic measurements (plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin). RESULTS Graded increases in BMI of Japanese and Mongolians were positively associated with body fat percent, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio. The Japanese were categorized as 22% overweight, 22% obese I, 3% obese II; the Mongolians rated as 18% overweight, 34% obese I, 19% obese II, based on the WPRO BMI criteria. The Mongolians had a higher prevalence of obesity and a higher body fat percent, but a lesser gradation of dyslipidemia, than did the BMI-matched Japanese groups. Overweight Japanese (BMI 23.0-24.9), in comparison to normal Japanese (BMI 18.5-22.9), had significant differences in systolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in men, and in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin and Homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance in women. In contrast, the Mongolians showed no significant differences in metabolic parameters between overweight and normal subjects, except for diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Since the relationship between abdominal fat mass and BMI is ethnic-specific, a universal BMI cutoff point is inappropriate for Asian populations such as the Japanese and Mongolians. The present investigation suggests that, while the WPRO criteria are suitable for Japanese, the WHO criteria are more appropriate for Mongolians.
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Difficulty in losing weight by behavioral intervention for women with Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene. Int J Obes (Lond) 2003; 27:1028-36. [PMID: 12917707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trp64Arg mutation in the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta(3)AR) gene is relatively common in Japanese people. However, it has not been clear whether persons with Trp64Arg mutation in the beta(3)AR gene tend to have obesity and difficulty in losing weight even with a restricted diet and exercise. We investigated the response of body weight and metabolic factors to behavioral intervention in Japanese women with Trp64Arg mutation in the beta(3)AR gene. DESIGN A 3-month behavioral intervention study using a combination of diet and exercise programs. SUBJECTS A total of 76 perimenopausal women with no clinical symptoms (age: 54.7+/-7.7 y, body mass index (BMI): 21.0-33.0 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, skin fold, resting energy expenditure and blood pressure) and metabolic measurements (serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, nonesterified fatty acid, glucose, insulin and leptin) and determination of the beta(3)AR genotype by polymerase chain reaction followed by BstNI digestion. RESULTS At the baseline of BMI, body weight, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, the arm skin fold, resting energy expenditure, or blood lipid and glucose profiles, there was no significant difference in participants with/without mutation of the beta(3)AR gene. The intervention yielded a body weight reduction in 69 and 48%, and induced a significant difference in weight loss (-0.74 and -0.01 kg) for women with wild-type and Trp64Arg mutation, respectively. Significant differences of anthropometric parameters were found in body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure of wild type by the intervention. However, women with Trp64Arg mutation did not show significant changes in these anthropometric parameters, except for hip circumference. A significant difference was found in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-C ratio in both genotypes. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the Trp64Arg mutation of the beta(3)AR gene is associated with difficulty in losing weight through behavioral intervention, although it is not related to obesity-related phenotypes and resting energy expenditure before the intervention.
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Increases of chlorophyll a/b ratios during acclimation of tropical woody seedlings to nitrogen limitation and high light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2003; 26:857-865. [PMID: 12803613 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
According to the theory of optimal nitrogen partitioning within a leaf, the chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio is expected to increase when leaf N content decreases. Here, we report the first empirical support for this prediction. The Chl a/b ratio increased while Chl content decreased in response to N limitation in photosynthetic cotyledons and leaves of seedlings of four tropical woody species in the Bignoniaceae. The responses of all four species were in the same direction, but differed in magnitude. For Tabebuia rosea, the species that exhibited the greatest increase in Chl a/b ratios (up to values of 5.9), detailed photosynthetic characteristics were also examined. Light and N availability were positively correlated with the light- and CO2-saturated photosynthetic O2 evolution rate, as well as with leaf carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and electron transport rate (Vj). Severe N limitation and high light did not cause chronic photo-inhibition (i.e. no change in quantum yield or in dark-acclimated Fv/Fm). The observed change in the ratio of Vcmax to leaf N in response to N availability was consistent with likely functional reasons for change in the Chl a/b ratio. Adjustment of the Chl a/b ratio was apparently an integral feature of acclimation to high light conditions and low N availability.
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Dedifferentiation and decreased expression of adhesion molecules, E-cadherin and ZO-1, in colorectal cancer are closely related to liver metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2003; 22:117-23. [PMID: 12725331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma cells with high metastatic potential often show a dedifferentiated phenotype at the primary site. In this study, a total of 48 cases (24 primary tumors of colorectal cancer (Pr-CRC) with liver metastasis, 24 without) were examined for E-cadherin and ZO-1 expression by immunohistochemical staining, and for their dedifferentiated phenotype. The expression levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were markedly decreased in the cancer cells of tumors with liver metastasis. Moreover, dedifferentiation of cancer cells, which was evaluated by the modified Gleason score, was also related to liver metastasis. However, none of the conventional clinicopathologic parameters of invasion, except lymph node metastasis, showed any relationship with liver metastasis. These results indicate that dedifferentiation and a decreased expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 are closely related to liver metastasis.
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2P-0406 Difficulty in losing weight and improving metabolic parameters by behavioral intervention for women with Trp64 Arg polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2P-0408 Development and evaluation of interventional program for metabolic syndrome based on health education and self-determination. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Do shade-tolerant tropical tree seedlings depend longer on seed reserves? Functional growth analysis of three Bignoniaceae species. Funct Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Endoscopic thyroid resection using cutaneous elevation in lieu of insufflation. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:88-91. [PMID: 11961612 DOI: 10.1007/s004640080197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2001] [Accepted: 06/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery to resect cervical masses has gained increasing acceptance during the past decade. This report describes the authors' technique and experience using total video endoscopic surgery to resect thyroid masses. METHODS The video camera is introduced through a 12-mm trocar inserted via a 10-mm infraclavicular incision in the sternal line. This incision will be hidden by the patient's undergarments postoperatively. An incision for a 12-mm trocar is made in each axilla, with additional incisions in the anterior chest made as necessary for the endoscope and instruments. Excellent exposure is produced by elevating the skin with hooks rather than by using carbon dioxide insufflation. This method reduces the incidence of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. RESULTS Twenty-two thyroid lesions were resected using total video endoscopic surgery (adenoma, 13; cancer, 5; benign cyst, 3; and Graves' disease, 1). Procedures included thyroidectomy (12), thyroidectomy and isthmusectomy (4), and subtotal thyroidectomy (2). Subtotal cervical adenectomy was performed in 3 patients with papillary carcinoma. Cosmetic results were excellent. CONCLUSION Endoscopic surgery of the neck is safe, minimally invasive, and produces excellent cosmetic results. However, it is in an early stage of development. Techniques have yet to be standardized, and specialized instruments are not available. The field is likely to mature as surgeons gain more experience.
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Abstract
Phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) is involved in a variety of intracellular signaling via many growth factor receptors and T-cell receptor. To explore the role of PLC-γ1 in vivo, we generated the PLC-γ1-deficient (plc-γ1–/–) mice, which died of growth retardation at embryonic day 8.5-9.5 in utero. Therefore, we examined plc-γ1–/– chimeric mice generated with plc-γ1–/– embryonic stem (ES) cells for further study. Pathologically, plc-γ1–/– chimeras showed multicystic kidney due to severe renal dysplasia and renal tube dilation. Flow cytometric analysis and glucose phosphate isomerase assay revealed very few hematopoietic cells derived from the plc-γ1–/– ES cells in the mutant chimeras. However, differentiation of plc-γ1–/– ES cells into erythrocytes and monocytes/macrophages in vitro was observed to a lesser extent compared with control wild-type ES cells. These data suggest that PLC-γ1 plays an essential role in the renal development and hematopoiesis in vivo.
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Cortical and subcortical vestibular response to caloric stimulation detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging. BRAIN RESEARCH. COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH 2001; 12:441-9. [PMID: 11689304 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The posterior insula, central sulcus, and inferior parietal lobule including the intraparietal sulcus have been considered the vestibular cortex based on functional brain mapping in humans as well as experiments in lower primates. The same regions receive optokinetic, visual, and proprioceptive projections. We examined the cortical and subcortical projection of vestibular activity with visual and proprioceptive input eliminated during caloric stimulation (CS), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Single-shot gradient-echo echoplanar image (EPI) volumes were sensitive to BOLD contrast in oblique orientation. We adopted a pharmacokinetic model for analysis of imaging data from 10 subjects as a group. The insular gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus showed activation by CS. Cortical and subcortical activation during CS in the present study was observed within regions less precisely delineated by other methods. As intraparietal sulcus activation showed right hemispheric dominance, this region may have an oculomotor projection as well as the vestibular input.
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Loss of irreversibility of granulocytic differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide in HL-60 sublines with a homogeneously staining region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:1182-7. [PMID: 11700036 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human HL-60 acute leukemia cell line harbors double minutes (dmins) during early passages. During its continuous culture for a long term, a single marker chromosome with a homogeneously staining region (HSR) replaces the dmins. The both structures harbor amplified c-MYC sequences. Here we ask how the cellular phenotype is altered by the c-MYC integration into a HSR. Treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide induces granulocytic differentiation in the both types of cells. In contrast to HL-60/dmin cells, however, no apoptosis followed differentiation and the differentiation phenotype was reverted upon withdrawal of the drug in HL-60/HSR cells. Terminal differentiation and loss of DNase I hypersensitivity sites at c-MYC P2 promoter appeared to be unlinked in the both types of cells. By comparison with HL-60/dmin cells, we conclude that the integration into a HSR of an extrachromosomal gene(s) but not c-MYC likely leads to the loss of irreversibility of the differentiation phenotype.
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Relationship between transglottal pressure and fundamental frequency of phonation, with effects of dehydration produced by atropine, in healthy volunteers. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001; 110:1066-71. [PMID: 11713920 DOI: 10.1177/000348940111001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the intravenous injection of atropine sulfate on the relationship between the fundamental frequency of phonation (F0) and the magnitude of F0 change per unit change in transglottal pressure (dF/dP) in 4 healthy male volunteers. Before the injection of atropine, we observed a nonlinear or V-shaped relationship between dF/dP and F0. After the injection, the values for dF/dP were reduced at a lower F0, whereas the values were unchanged at a higher F0. The results support our hypothesis that the relationship between dF/dP and F0 reflects adjustments in the length and depth of the vocal folds in controlling F0.
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Immunohistochemical localization of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in brains with multiple system atrophy. Clin Neuropathol 2001; 20:243-7. [PMID: 11758779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes have been shown to display some morphological characteristics of apoptosis in MSA. The accumulated evidence shows that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is closely associated with the regulation of apoptosis. Thus, we examined immunohistochemically PI3K in the cerebellum and pons from autopsy samples with MSA. In control tissues, PI3K was immunostained in some neurons and a few oligodendrocytes. In MSA samples, the larger number of oligodendrocytes was observed in the pons and cerebellum. Furthermore, some neurons were strongly immunolabeled in MSA samples. The recent study has shown that PI3K phosphorylates PKB/Akt which phosphorylates BAD resulting in the cessation of apoptotic process. The present results suggest that PI3K is upregulated in oligodendrocytes and some neurons in MSA, possibly in response to the apoptotic signals to these cells.
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Occurrence of oligosialic acids on integrin alpha 5 subunit and their involvement in cell adhesion to fibronectin. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:33657-64. [PMID: 11418585 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha(5)beta(1), a major fibronectin receptor, functions in a wide variety of biological phenomena. We have found that alpha 2-8-linked oligosialic acids with 5 < or = degree of polymerization (DP) < or = 7 occur on integrin alpha(5) subunit of the human melanoma cell line G361. The integrin alpha(5) subunit immunoprecipitated with anti-integrin alpha(5) antibody reacted with the monoclonal antibody 12E3, which recognizes oligo/polysialic acid with DP > or = 5 but not with the polyclonal antibody H.46 recognizing oligo/polysialic acid with DP > or = 8. The occurrence of oligosialic acids was further demonstrated by fluorometric C(7)/C(9) analysis on the immunopurified integrin alpha(5) subunit. Oligosialic acids were also found in the alpha(5) subunit of several other human cells such as foreskin fibroblast and chronic erythroleukemia K562 cells. These results suggest the ubiquitous modification with unique oligosialic acids occurs on the alpha(5) subunit of integrin alpha(5)beta(1). The adhesion of human melanoma G361 cells to fibronectin was mainly mediated by integrin alpha(5)beta(1). Treatment of cells with sialidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens cleaving alpha 2-3-, alpha 2-6-, and alpha 2-8-linked sialic acids inhibited adhesion to fibronectin. On the other hand, N-acetylneuraminidase II, which cleaves alpha 2-3 and alpha 2-6 but not alpha 2-8 linkages, showed no inhibitory activity. After the loss of oligosialic acids, integrin alpha(5)beta(1) failed to bind to fibronectin-conjugated Sepharose, indicating that the oligosialic acid on the alpha(5) subunit of integrin alpha(5)beta(1) plays important roles in cell adhesion to fibronectin.
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Clinical outcome of laryngotracheal separation for intractable aspiration pneumonia. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2001; 63:321-4. [PMID: 11528278 DOI: 10.1159/000055766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To confirm that laryngotracheal separation (LTS) is a satisfactory treatment for patients with intractable aspiration pneumonia, even though it does not require tracheoesophageal anastomosis. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective. METHODS Nine patients with intractable aspiration pneumonia underwent LTS at our institution from 1996 to 1999. Two patients underwent postoperative barium swallow radiography. RESULTS Neither halitosis nor stimulation of the cough reflex occurred due to pooled secretions in the blind pouch of the proximal tracheal segment. Barium swallow radiography confirmed that the secretions drained within 40 min by swallowing or a change in patient position. CONCLUSION LTS is a satisfactory solution to the problem of chronic aspiration. Neither pooled secretions in the proximal tracheal segment nor fistula formation were significant postoperative problems.
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Identification and adipocyte differentiation-dependent expression of the unique disialic acid residue in an adipose tissue-specific glycoprotein, adipo Q. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:28849-56. [PMID: 11382781 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104148200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that alpha 2,8-linked disialic acid (diSia) residue occurs in glycoproteins more frequently than ever recognized (Sato, C., Fukuoka, H., Ohta, K., Matsuda, T., Koshino, R., Kobayashi K., Troy, F. A., II, and Kitajima, K. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 15422--15431). In the course of identification of the diSia-containing glycoproteins in mammals, the 30-kDa glycoprotein was found in bovine serum. The 30-kDa glycoprotein was shown to be the bovine adipo Q, an adipocyte-specific protein, based on the partial amino acid sequences and the immuno-cross-reactivity with the recombinant mouse adipo Q. The bovine adipo Q was shown to have no N-linked but O-linked glycan(s) containing the diSia epitope, Neu5Ac alpha 2-->8Neu5Ac alpha 2-->3Gal. Furthermore, the diSia epitope was also found in the mouse adipo Q in serum as well as in the 3T3-L1 cells that are fully differentiated into adipocytes. Notably, among the known alpha 2,8-sialyltransferases, only the alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase III mRNA was detected in the 3T3-L1 cells at any stages of differentiation, and the recombinant alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase III could sialylate the purified bovine adipo Q. Thus, this study clearly provides the new findings that adipo Q is the diSia-containing glycoprotein and a physiological substrate of alpha 2,8-sialyltransferase III, whose substrates have not been identified so far.
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Molecular cloning of a unique CMP-sialic acid synthetase that effectively utilizes both deaminoneuraminic acid (KDN) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as substrates. Glycobiology 2001; 11:685-92. [PMID: 11479279 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.8.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN) is a sialic acid (Sia) that is ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates during normal development and tumorigenesis. Its expression is thought to be regulated by multiple biosynthetic steps catalyzed by several enzymes, including CMP-Sia synthetase. Using crude enzyme preparations, it was shown that mammalian CMP-Sia synthetases had very low activity to synthesize CMP-KDN from KDN and CTP, and the corresponding enzyme from rainbow trout testis had high activity to synthesize both CMP-KDN and CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) (Terada et al. [1993] J. Biol. Chem., 268, 2640-2648). To demonstrate if the unique substrate specificity found in the crude trout enzyme is conveyed by a single enzyme, cDNA cloning of trout CMP-Sia synthetase was carried out by PCR-based strategy. The trout enzyme was shown to consist of 432 amino acids with two potential nuclear localization signals, and the cDNA sequence displayed 53.8% identity to that of the murine enzyme. Based on the Vmax/Km values, the recombinant trout enzyme had high activity toward both KDN and Neu5Ac (1.1 versus 0.68 min(-1)). In contrast, the recombinant murine enzyme had 15 times lower activity toward KDN than Neu5Ac (0.23 versus 3.5 min(-1)). Northern blot analysis suggested that several sizes of the mRNA are expressed in testis, ovary, and liver in a tissue-specific manner. These results indicate that at least one cloned enzyme has the ability to utilize both KDN and Neu5Ac as substrates efficiently and is useful for the production of CMP-KDN.
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