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Tsindos G, Scurrah K, Benakovic R, Reynolds KA, King K. Exploring the Association Between Help-Seeking Intentions and Suicidal Ideation in Australian Adult Men. Crisis 2024; 45:234-241. [PMID: 38441130 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: Men account for three-quarters of suicide deaths in Australia. Self-reliant masculine norms may act as barriers to men's help-seeking and contribute to suicidal ideation. Men who seek help may be less likely to experience suicidal ideation. Aim: We evaluated the association between help-seeking intentions and suicidal ideation in Australian adult men using data from Wave 2 of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men). Method: Using scores on the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire, we explored the association between informal help-seeking intentions (e.g., friend, family), formal help-seeking intentions (e.g., psychologist), overall help-seeking intentions (all sources), and new-onset suicidal ideation. We conducted logistic regression analyses using a sample of 7,828 men aged 18-60 years. Results: Increased overall help-seeking intentions and informal help-seeking intentions were significantly associated with lower odds of new-onset suicidal ideation, whereas formal help-seeking intentions were not significantly associated. Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits inferences about causality. Conclusion: Men who have greater informal help-seeking intentions may be less likely to experience a new onset of suicidal ideation; however, more longitudinal research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Tsindos
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina Scurrah
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Data and Lifecourse Studies, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruben Benakovic
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate A Reynolds
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Newberry-Dupé J, Chu W, Craig S, Borschmann R, O'Reilly G, Yates P, Melvin G, King K, Hiscock H. Adult Mental Health Presentations to Emergency Departments in Victoria, Australia between January 2018 and October 2020: Changes Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic Public Health Restrictions. Psychiatr Q 2024; 95:33-52. [PMID: 37938493 PMCID: PMC10901934 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures altered patterns of help-seeking for mental health, with increases in emergency department utilisation reported. We examined the association between COVID-19 restrictions and adult emergency department (ED) mental health presentations in Victoria, Australia, through secondary analysis of data from 39 public EDs across the state. Participants were all patients (18+ years) presenting between 1 January 2018 and 31 October 2020 with mental health or intentional self-harm. The main outcome was number of presentations for each mental health condition, by patient age, socioeconomic status (SES), location, and ED triage category. We used a Poisson regression model to compare predicted monthly ED presentations based on trends from 2018, 2019 and 2020 (up to 31 March), with observed presentations during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 April to 31 October 2020). There was an average of 4,967 adult mental health presentations per month pre-COVID-19 (1 January-31 March 2020) and 5,054 per month during the COVID-19 period (1 April-31 October 2020). Compared to predicted incidence, eating disorder presentations increased 24.0% in the COVID-19 period, primarily among higher SES females aged 18-24 years. Developmental/behavioural disorder presentations decreased by 19.7% for all age groups. Pandemic restrictions were associated with overall increases in monthly adult ED presentations for mental health, with some disorders increasing and others decreasing. Accessibility of acute mental health services needs to be addressed to meet changing demand and ensure services are responsive to changes in presentations resulting from future public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Newberry-Dupé
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Wanyu Chu
- Centre for Health Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Craig
- Paediatric Emergency Department, Monash Medical Centre, Emergency Service, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Emergency Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Gerard O'Reilly
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Alfred Campus, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Yates
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Continuing Care Clinical Service Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Centre for Health Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Holland TJ, Smith M, King K. The Defence General Practitioner: an Updated Definition and Model. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002635. [PMID: 38413165 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The geopolitical setting has changed significantly since the definition of UK Armed Forces General Practice was published in 2012. New operating models require medical services to provide smaller teams operating at greater reach from secondary care and logistical support. The Defence Medical Services have reorganised to meet these changing needs. Defence general practices (DGPs) are key enablers of the Defence strategic effort, both integral to deployed units, in preparing forces for deployment and managing their rehabilitation back to fitness. A formal role performance statement (RPS) has been created to guide the training and development of DGPs to meet these changing requirements. The RPS details the additional scope of practice, beyond the national GP licensing standard, in which DGPs work. In this article, we compare and contrast the RPS with the previous definition of a DGP. The resultant updated model recharacterises the extended roles into five themes of DGP built on the foundation of the Royal College of General Practitioners curriculum. This new model provides the platform on which to develop the clinical specialty over the next decade and highlights avenues for educational interventions to develop future generations of DGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby James Holland
- Academic Department of Militay General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Directorate, HQ Surgeon General, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - M Smith
- Academic Department of Militay General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Directorate, HQ Surgeon General, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - K King
- Academic Department of Militay General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Directorate, HQ Surgeon General, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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4
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Madsen J, Jobson L, Slewa-Younan S, Li H, King K. Mental health literacy among Arab men living in high-income Western countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Soc Sci Med 2024; 346:116718. [PMID: 38489937 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
While interest in mental health literacy (MHL) is growing rapidly, cross-cultural research focusing on MHL is developing more slowly. This inaugural systematic review explored the recognition and beliefs about the causes of mental health disorders amongst Arab men living in high income Western countries (HIWC), their help-seeking beliefs, behaviors, and sources of help, as well as barriers and facilitators to help-seeking. Six electronic database searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. These searches yielded a total of 9,460 citations. After applying inclusion criteria through both database and manual hand searches, 46 studies were identified. The findings corresponded with four of the socioecological model's five factors: intrapersonal, interpersonal, societal, and institutional. Intrapersonal factors included attributing mental health illness to life and migration stressors, and religious reasons. Interpersonal and societal factors included men favoring informal help-seeking sources as stigma was a barrier to formal help-seeking. Institutional factors around the perceived cultural competence of healthcare professionals and access difficulties were obstacles to seeking formal help. The growth in Arab migration to HIWC highlights the need for culturally tailored care. Research is needed to understand the perspectives of healthcare providers working with Arab men in addition to how men's stigmatizing attitudes are an obstacle to formal help-seeking. Interventions should be designed to address the unique mental health needs of Arab men, recognizing that some explanatory beliefs may not align with current Western models of mental health. Moreover, efforts should be made to integrate men's informal sources of support into treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Madsen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Laura Jobson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Shameran Slewa-Younan
- Macarthur Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 275, Australia.
| | - Haoxiang Li
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Building 17, 18 Innovation Walk, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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5
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Warsi A, Sabey A, Holland T, King K. Assessing the attitudes of military trainees towards the UK Foundation Programme. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002606. [PMID: 38177073 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aamna Warsi
- Royal Air Force Medical Services, Royal Air Force, High Wycombe, UK
| | - A Sabey
- Army Medical Services, British Army, Camberley, UK
| | - T Holland
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research & Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
| | - K King
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research & Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Holland TJ, King K. Addressing the success-satisfaction paradox in UK defence GP training. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002598. [PMID: 38135460 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby James Holland
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
| | - K King
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Holland TJ, Simms A, Lamb D, King K. Influence of employment characteristics on seeking help for mental health conditions in the UK Defence Medical Services. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002570. [PMID: 37989533 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby James Holland
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innnovation, Defence Medical Directorate, HQ Surgeon General, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Simms
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Lamb
- Academic Department of Military Nursing, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Directorate, HQ Surgeon General, Birmingham, UK
| | - K King
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innnovation, Defence Medical Directorate, HQ Surgeon General, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Azem O, King K, Joshi NP, Tajudeen B, Escobedo P, Bhayani M, Al-Khudari S, Stenson KM, Jelinek M, Papagiannopoulos P, Fidler MJ. Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node Drainage Patterns in Early-Stage Oral Cavity Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e564. [PMID: 37785729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Surgery is the mainstay for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC), which includes an elective neck dissection. To limit morbidity of neck dissection, sentinel lymph biopsy (SLNB) has been introduced to identify patients at risk for nodal metastasis. While the data has thoroughly examined the relationship between SLNB in patients with unilateral lymph node drainage, little information exists on the rate of bilateral lymph node drainage patterns in lateralized OSCC. This study sought to examine the incidence of bilateral lymph node drainage patterns using sentinel node mapping in early stage OSCC. MATERIALS/METHODS This retrospective review of the electronic medical records at Rush University Medical Center focused on patients who underwent a SLNB based on CPT codes 38724, 38900, 38542, and 38510. From this cohort, we limited our analysis to patients with primary clinical T1 or T2 OSCC. Primary outcome was the rate of bilateral nodal drainage on sentinel node mapping based on the SPECT-CT. RESULTS A total of 54 patients were diagnosed with clinical T1/T2N0 OSCC and underwent a SLNB with SPECT-CT. (1) From the cohort of 54, 15 patients (27.78%) had bilateral sentinel lymph node drainage on SPECT-CT, while 39 patients (72.22%) had unilateral sentinel lymph node drainage. (2) Eleven patients (73.3%) from the bilateral drainage cohort completed appropriate SLN mapping with bilateral nodal assessments. (3) Four patients who had SPECT-CT evidence of bilateral drainage completed unilateral nodal assessment alone. (4) Of the patients with bilateral nodal assessment, 1 (9.1%) patient had a positive sentinel node on the ipsilateral side, 2 (18.2%) were found to have a positive sentinel node in the contralateral neck. (5) Overall, 3 patients (20%) had local-regional recurrence in the bilateral sentinel lymph drainage cohort. CONCLUSION Management of early-stage OSCC has evolved to include SLN mapping and biopsy. Our results found that contralateral drainage occurs in 18% of our patients with 2 patients having positive sentinel node in the contralateral neck. Therefore, the rate of contralateral drainage is not clinically insignificant and this result furthers the importance of lymphatic mapping in the early-stage OSCC treatment algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Azem
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, OH
| | - K King
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - N P Joshi
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - B Tajudeen
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - M Bhayani
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - M Jelinek
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - M J Fidler
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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9
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Holland TJ, Smith M, King K. Defence Medical Services GP CPD: how should an organisation develop its doctors? BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002458. [PMID: 37709505 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T J Holland
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research & Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Smith
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research & Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
| | - K King
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research & Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Boulter MK, Holland TJ, Blackadder-Weinstein J, Smith M, King K. Social prescribing in the military: is it time to embrace a change? BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002468. [PMID: 37696653 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Boulter
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
- Atlantic Medical Group, Penzance, UK
| | - T J Holland
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Blackadder-Weinstein
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Smith
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
| | - K King
- Academic Department of Military General Practice, Research and Clinical Innovation, Defence Medical Services, Birmingham, UK
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11
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Fisher K, Rice SM, Oliffe JL, King K, Seidler ZE. Young men and anxiety: Resisting, reckoning and responding. Sociol Health Illn 2023; 45:1462-1482. [PMID: 37032499 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most prevalent mental disorder experienced by young men, and when untreated, is predictive of co-morbid mental health challenges and suicide. Despite the rising prevalence, there is a conspicuous absence of qualitative research to distil and theorise young men's anxiety. Twenty-five young Australian men (15-25 years), who had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or self-reported anxiety symptoms, took part in individual semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. A three-process grounded theory (Resisting-Reckoning-Responding; Triple R Anxiety Model) depicted young men's experiences of anxiety, gilded and guided by their masculine socialisation. Initially, young men noticed somatic symptoms (i.e., headaches, nausea and myalgia) but did not connect these symptoms to anxiety. Avoiding anxiety (e.g., denying, distracting) proved unhelpful in the longer term and as symptoms diffused, a subsequent process of reckoning anxiety (i.e., meaning making) ensued. As young men gained insight to the life limiting bounds of their anxiety, some were prompted towards actions of acceptance, seeking help proactively and employing strength-based adaptive coping strategies. This theoretical conceptualisation of young men's anxiety has the capacity to enhance identification and treatment efforts, improving young men's mental health outcomes across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Fisher
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Oliffe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Mion B, Madureira G, Spricigo JFW, King K, Van Winters B, LaMarre J, LeBlanc SJ, Steele MA, Ribeiro ES. Effects of source of supplementary trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on reproductive biology and performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00216-3. [PMID: 37164845 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of complete replacement of inorganic salts of trace minerals (STM) with organic trace minerals (OTM) in both pre- and postpartum diets on ovarian dynamics, estrous behavior measured by sensors, preimplantation conceptus development, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Pregnant cows and heifers (n = 273) were blocked by parity and body condition score and randomly assigned to either STM or OTM diets at 45 ± 3 d before their expected calving. Pre- and postpartum diets were formulated to meet 100% of recommended levels of each trace mineral in both treatments, taking into consideration both basal and supplemental levels. The final target concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn were, respectively, 0.25, 13.7, 40.0, 0.3, and 40.0 mg/kg in the prepartum diet, and 0.25, 15.7, 40.0, 0.3, and 63.0 mg/kg in the postpartum diet. The STM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn sulfates and sodium selenite, while the OTM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn proteinates and selenized yeast. Treatments continued until 156 d in milk (DIM) and were assigned to individual cows using automatic feeding gates. Starting at 21 DIM, ultrasonography examinations of the ovaries were performed weekly to determine the presence of a corpus luteum and postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity. Cows were presynchronized with 2 injections of PGF2α at 42 and 56 DIM. Estrous behavior was monitored using electronic activity tags that indirectly measured walking activity. Cows detected in estrus after the second PGF2α were inseminated, and those not detected in estrus by 67 DIM were enrolled in a synchronization program. Cows that returned to estrus after artificial insemination (AI) were reinseminated. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 33 d after AI, and nonpregnant cows were resynchronized. Transcript expression of interferon-stimulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes was performed in a subgroup of cows (STM, n = 67; OTM, n = 73) on d 19 after AI. A different subgroup of cows (28 STM, 29 OTM) received uterine flushing 15 d after AI for recovery of conceptuses and uterine fluid for analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics, respectively. In addition, dominant follicle diameter, luteal size and blood flow, and concentration of progesterone in plasma were measured on d 0, 7, and 15 relative to AI. After flushing, PGF2α was given and the dominant follicle was aspirated 2 d later to measure the concentration of trace minerals by mass spectrometry. Estrous behavior, size of the dominant follicle and corpus luteum, concentration of progesterone, time to pregnancy, and proportion of cows pregnant by 100 d of the breeding period did not differ between treatments. A greater proportion of cows supplemented with OTM had a corpus luteum detected before presynchronization (64.3 vs. 75.2%), and primiparous cows supplemented with OTM tended to resume cyclicity earlier than their STM counterparts. Cows supplemented with OTM had a greater concentration of Cu in follicular fluid than cows supplemented with STM (0.89 vs. 0.77 µg/mL, respectively). In pregnant multiparous cows, expression of receptor transporter protein 4 in peripheral blood leukocytes was 42% greater in the OTM group. Conceptuses of the 2 treatments had 589 differentially expressed transcripts, with many indicating advanced conceptus elongation and greater transcript expression of selenoproteins in the OTM group. In pregnant cows, 24 metabolites were more abundant in the uterine fluid of OTM, including spermidine, sucrose, and cholesterol. In conclusion, replacing STM with OTM caused modest improvements to resumption of ovarian cyclicity and important changes in preimplantation conceptus development, but it did not alter conception risk and pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mion
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - G Madureira
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J F W Spricigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - K King
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - B Van Winters
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J LaMarre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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13
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Welikhe P, Williams MR, King K, Bos J, Akland M, Baffaut C, Beck EG, Bierer A, Bosch DD, Brooks ES, Buda AR, Cavigelli M, Faulkner J, Feyereisen GW, Fortuna A, Gamble J, Hanrahan BR, Hussain MZ, Kovar JL, Lee B, Leytem AB, Liebig MA, Line D, Macrae ML, Moorman TB, Moriasi D, Mumbi R, Nelson N, Ortega-Pieck A, Osmond D, Penn C, Pisani O, Reba ML, Smith DR, Unrine J, Webb P, White KE, Wilson H, Witthaus LM. Uncertainty in phosphorus fluxes and budgets across the U.S. long-term agroecosystem research network. J Environ Qual 2023. [PMID: 37145888 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) budgets can be useful tools for understanding nutrient cycling and quantifying the effectiveness of nutrient management planning and policies; however, uncertainties in agricultural nutrient budgets are not often quantitatively assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate uncertainty in P fluxes (fertilizer/manure application, atmospheric deposition, irrigation, crop removal, surface runoff, leachate) and the propagation of these uncertainties to annual P budgets. Data from 56 cropping systems in the P-FLUX database, which spans diverse rotations and landscapes across the U.S. and Canada, were evaluated. Results showed that across cropping systems, average annual P budget was 22.4 kg P ha-1 (range = -32.7 to 340.6 kg P ha-1 ), with an average uncertainty of 13.1 kg P ha-1 (range = 1.0 to 87.1 kg P ha-1 ). Fertilizer/manure application and crop removal were the largest P fluxes across cropping systems and, as a result, accounted for the largest fraction of uncertainty in annual budgets (61 and 37%, respectively). Remaining fluxes individually accounted for <2% of the budget uncertainty. Uncertainties were large enough that determining whether P was increasing, decreasing, or not changing was inconclusive in 39% of the budgets evaluated. Findings indicate that more careful and/or direct measurements of inputs, outputs, and stocks are needed. Recommendations for minimizing uncertainty in P budgets based on the results of the study were developed. Quantifying, communicating, and constraining uncertainty in budgets among production systems and multiple geographies is critical for engaging stakeholders, developing local and national strategies for P reduction, and informing policy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Welikhe
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - M R Williams
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - K King
- Soil Drainage Research Unit, USDA-ARS
| | - J Bos
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - M Akland
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - C Baffaut
- Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS
| | | | - A Bierer
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, USDA-ARS
| | - D D Bosch
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - E S Brooks
- Department of Soil and Water Resources, University of Idaho
| | - A R Buda
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS
| | - M Cavigelli
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Lab, USDA-ARS
| | - J Faulkner
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont
| | | | - A Fortuna
- Grazinglands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - J Gamble
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS
| | | | - M Z Hussain
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University
| | - J L Kovar
- National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, USDA-ARS
| | - B Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - A B Leytem
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, USDA-ARS
| | - M A Liebig
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - D Line
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University
| | - M L Macrae
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo
| | - T B Moorman
- National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, USDA-ARS
| | - D Moriasi
- Grazinglands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - R Mumbi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - N Nelson
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University
| | - A Ortega-Pieck
- Department of Soil and Water Resources, University of Idaho
| | - D Osmond
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University
| | - C Penn
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - O Pisani
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - M L Reba
- Delta Water Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS
| | - D R Smith
- Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS
| | - J Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky
- Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute
| | - P Webb
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas
| | - K E White
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Lab, USDA-ARS
| | - H Wilson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Brandon Research and Development Centre
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14
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Ogilvie L, Van Winters B, Mion B, King K, Spricigo JFW, Karrow NA, Steele MA, Ribeiro ES. Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in the diet of prepartum cows on quality of colostrum and immunity of newborn calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3493-3508. [PMID: 37028969 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of supplementary trace mineral (TM) form-inorganic salts (STM; Co, Cu, Mn, Zn sulfates, and Na selenite) or organic (OTM; Co, Cu, Mn, Zn proteinates, and selenized yeast)-in the prepartum diet on quantity and quality of colostrum, passive immunity, antioxidant biomarkers, cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), health, and growth of newborn calves. Pregnant heifers (n = 100) and cows (n = 173) were enrolled at 45 d before calving, blocked by parity and body condition score, and allocated randomly to STM (50 heifers; 86 cows) or OTM (50 heifers; 87 cows) supplementation. Cows in both treatments were fed the same diet, except for the source of supplementary TM. Within 2 h of calving, dams and calves were separated, colostrum was harvested, the yield was measured, and a sample was saved for posterior analyses of colostrum quality. A subgroup of calves (n = 68) had a blood sample collected before colostrum feeding. After colostrum feeding, all samples and data collection were limited to 163 calves (STM = 82; OTM = 81) fed 3 L of good quality (Brix% >22) maternal colostrum via nipple bottle minutes after harvesting. Concentration of IgG in colostrum and serum was determined 24 h after colostrum feeding using radial immunodiffusion. Concentration of TM in colostrum and serum were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Activity of glutathione peroxidase, ferric reducing ability of plasma, and concentration of superoxide dismutase were evaluated in plasma by colorimetric assays. Ex vivo whole blood stimulation with LPS was performed on d 7 of life to evaluate cytokine responses in a subgroup of 66 calves. Health events were recorded from birth to weaning, and body weight was recorded at birth (all calves) and on d 30 and 60 (heifers only). Continuous variables were analyzed by ANOVA and binary responses were analyzed by logistic regression. Complete replacement of STM by OTM in prepartum diet resulted in greater concentration of Se (461 vs. 543 ± 7 μg/g; ± SEM) but did not alter the concentration or total mass of other TM and IgG in colostrum. Female calves of the OTM group had greater concentration of Se in serum at birth (0.23 vs. 0.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL), were lighter in weight at birth (40.9 vs. 38.8 ± 0.6 kg) and weaning (93.2 vs. 89.7 ± 1.6 kg) than those of the STM group. Maternal treatments did not affect passive immunity or antioxidant biomarkers. On d 7, basal concentrations (log10 of concentration in pg/mL) of IFNγ (0.70 vs. 0.95 ± 0.083) and LPS-stimulated concentrations of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2; 2.45 vs. 2.54 ± 0.026), CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3; 2.63 vs. 2.76 ± 0.038), IL-1α (2.32 vs. 2.49 ± 0.054), and IL-1β (3.62 vs. 3.86 ± 0.067) were greater in OTM than in STM. Supplementation with OTM in pregnant heifers, but not in pregnant cows, reduced the incidence of preweaning health problems in their calves (36.4 vs. 11.5%). Complete replacement of STM by OTM in the prepartum diet did not cause major changes in colostrum quality, passive immunity, and antioxidant capacity, but increased cytokine and chemokine responses to LPS on d 7 of life and benefited preweaning health of calves born to primiparous cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ogilvie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - B Van Winters
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - B Mion
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - K King
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - J F W Spricigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - N A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1Z 2W1.
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15
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King K, Rauch R, Roy S, Tatebe K, Tajudeen B, Papagiannopoulos P, Batra P, Bhayani M, Al-Khudari S, Stenson K, Jelinek M, Fidler M, Joshi N. Impact of Routine Surveillance Imaging with Recurrence in Sinonasal Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Joseph K, Menon G, Paterson I, Abraham A, Pituskin E, Vaihenberg E, Menon A, Ghosh S, Murland S, Chafe S, Tankel K, Gabos Z, Huang F, Wiebe E, King K. Radiation-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Women with Left Sided Breast Cancer: Results from a Phase II Prospective Clinical Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Cocciolone D, King K, Latta A, Lindmark S, Owen L, Perehinets I, Roman C, Sane J, Schmidt T, Wippel C. Supporting decision making on public health and social measures in response to COVID-19- The PHSM calibration tool. Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9594463 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health and social measures (PHSM) are preventative measures taken by individuals, communities and government institutions at national and local levels to prevent and reduce transmission of an infectious disease - in this instance SARS-CoV-2. The decision to introduce, adapt or lift PHSM should be based primarily on a situational assessment of the intensity of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the capacity of the health system to respond to subsequent increases in hospital admissions, but must also consider the effects these measures may have on the general welfare of society and individuals. The WHO Regional Office for Europe developed an online public health and social measures (PHSM) calibration tool to assist Member States in decision-making relating to PHSM implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tool, designed to be used primarily by policy-makers in national and local government authorities, provides guidance based on a situational-level assessment framework that is determined by the level of community transmission and the overall capacity of health systems and public health services within a country or region to respond. By using a combination of country-reported and user-input data, the tool automatically generates a situational assessment and corresponding PHSM guidance for users, summarized in a downloadable report. Reference https://phsm.euro.who.int/calibrationTool
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cocciolone
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K King
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Latta
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Lindmark
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Owen
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Perehinets
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Roman
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Sane
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Schmidt
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Wippel
- Country Health Emergency Preparedness and IHR, WHO Regional Office for Europe , Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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French BF, Baldwin DH, Cameron J, Prat J, King K, Davis JW, McIntyre JK, Scholz NL. Urban Roadway Runoff Is Lethal to Juvenile Coho, Steelhead, and Chinook Salmonids, But Not Congeneric Sockeye. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2022; 9:733-738. [PMID: 36118959 PMCID: PMC9476652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We compared the sensitivity of closely related Pacific salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus spp.) to untreated urban stormwater runoff across three storm events. Juvenile coho, sockeye, steelhead, and Chinook were exposed for 24 h to untreated urban runoff and then transferred to clean water for 48 h. As anticipated from previous studies, coho were highly susceptible to runoff toxicity, with cumulative mortality rates ranging from 92%-100% across the three storms. By contrast, juvenile sockeye were unaffected (100% survival), and cumulative mortality rates were intermediate for steelhead (4%-42%) and Chinook (0%-13%). Furthermore, coho died rapidly following the onset of stormwater exposure (generally <4 h), whereas mortality in Chinook and steelhead was delayed by 1-2 days. Similar to previous findings for coho, steelhead and Chinook did not recover when transferred to clean water. Lastly, significant mortality occurred in coho even when roadway runoff was diluted by 95% in clean water. Our findings extend the urban runoff mortality syndrome in salmonids and point to a near-term need for sublethal studies in steelhead and Chinook to more precisely understand stormwater risks to threatened species recovery efforts in the western United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. F. French
- Northwest
Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - D. H. Baldwin
- Office
of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - J. Cameron
- Saltwater
Inc, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National
Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - J. Prat
- School
of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - K. King
- Environmental
Contaminants Program, United States Fish
and Wildlife Service, Lacey, Washington 98503, United States
| | - J. W. Davis
- Environmental
Contaminants Program, United States Fish
and Wildlife Service, Lacey, Washington 98503, United States
| | - J. K. McIntyre
- School
of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - N. L. Scholz
- Northwest
Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
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19
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Clarke L, King K. Factors to consider when assessing the IDOCS study. Lancet Haematol 2022; 9:e637-e638. [PMID: 36055324 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(22)00253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Clarke
- Transfusion Policy and Education, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Haematology, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2076, Australia.
| | - Kylie King
- Department of Haematology, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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20
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King K. 698P Bilateral nodal drainage in early-stage oral cancers: The case for lymphatic mapping. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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21
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Gill P, King K, Flego A. The use of e-& mHealth technology-based interventions to improve modifiable lifestyle risk factors amongst individuals with severe mental illness (SMI): a scoping review. Australian Psychologist 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2022.2107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Gill
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anna Flego
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Matar H, Guven Maiorov E, Mahmood Hameed K, Wilson W, Guo R, Ponnamperuma R, Sakakibara N, King K, Weinberg W. 105 POF1B: A potential novel squamous cancer biomarker with implications in cell adhesion and migration. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Mion B, Van Winters B, King K, Spricigo JFW, Ogilvie L, Guan L, DeVries TJ, McBride BW, LeBlanc SJ, Steele MA, Ribeiro ES. Effects of replacing inorganic salts of trace minerals with organic trace minerals in pre- and postpartum diets on feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6693-6709. [PMID: 35787325 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of complete replacement of supplementary inorganic salts of trace minerals (STM) by organic trace minerals (OTM) in both pre- and postpartum diets on feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, rumination activity, energy metabolism, and lactation performance in dairy cows. Pregnant cows and heifers (n = 273) were blocked by parity and body condition score and randomly assigned to either STM or OTM diets at 45 ± 3 d before their expected calving date. Both groups received the same diet, except for the source of trace minerals (TM). The STM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn sulfates and Na selenite, whereas the OTM group was supplemented with Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn proteinates and selenized yeast. Treatments continued until 156 days in milk and pre- and postpartum diets were formulated to meet 100% of recommended levels of each TM in both treatments, taking into consideration both basal and supplemental levels. Automatic feed bins were used to assign treatments to individual cows and to measure feed intake and feeding behavior. Rumination activity was monitored by sensors attached to a collar from wk -3 to 3 relative to calving. Blood metabolites were evaluated on d -21, -10, -3, 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 23, and 65 relative to calving. Ruminal fluid samples were collected using an ororuminal sampling device on d -21, 23, and 65 relative to calving, for measurement of ruminal pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids. Cows were milked twice a day and milk components were measured monthly. Cows supplemented with OTM tended to have longer daily feeding time (188 vs. 197 min/d), and greater dry matter intake (DMI; 12.9 vs. 13.3 kg), and had a more positive energy balance (3.6 vs. 4.2 Mcal/d) and shorter rumination time per kg of dry matter (DM; 40.1 vs. 37.5 min/kg of DM) than cows supplemented with STM during the prepartum period. In the postpartum period, OTM increased DMI in multiparous cows (24.1 vs. 24.7 kg/d) but not in primiparous cows (19.1 vs. 18.7 kg/d). The difference in DMI of multiparous cows was more evident in the first 5 wk of lactation, when it averaged 1 kg/d. Milk yield was not affected by treatment in multiparous cows (44.1 vs. 44.2 kg/d); however, primiparous cows supplemented with OTM had lesser yields than primiparous cows supplemented with STM (31.9 vs. 29.8 kg/d). Cows supplemented with OTM had a greater percentage of protein in milk (3.11 vs. 3.17%), reduced concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in serum (0.45 vs. 0.40 mmol/L), and rumination activity (30.1 vs. 27.8 min/kg of DM) than cows supplemented with STM. At the end of the transition period, cows supplemented with OTM had reduced molar proportion of acetate, reduced pH, and tended to have a greater concentration of total volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid. In conclusion, complete replacement of STM by OTM caused modest changes in rumen fermentation, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and performance of dairy cows, improving postpartum DMI in multiparous cows and reducing circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids. The pre-absorptive effects of TM source and the parity specific responses on performance warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mion
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B Van Winters
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - K King
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - J F W Spricigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - L Ogilvie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B W McBride
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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Becker C, Bokor A, Heikinheimo O, Horne A, Jansen F, Kiesel L, King K, Kvaskoff M, Nap A, Petersen K, Saridogan E, Tomassetti C, Van Hanegem N, Vulliemoz N, Vermeulen N. O-283 Evidence based management of endometriosis – what has changed since 2013? Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac106.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In 2005, under the auspices of ESHRE, a group of international experts evaluated the existing best evidence and published the first European guideline on the management of endometriosis. This highly successful project was the first guideline by ESHRE and was adopted by many counties as their national standard. A second, fully-updated edition was presented in 2013.
For the new ESHRE Endometriosis Guideline, published in February 2022, all available evidence for twelve chosen topics was gathered by a senior research specialist. Subgroups comprised of patient representatives and experts in healthcare, reproductive science and epidemiology evaluated the data according to GRADE criteria. Each subgroup wrote a chapter and formulated their recommendations which were then presented by a representative to the core group. There, a provisional document was generated and made available for stakeholder review. The resulting comments were taken into account and where relevant incorporated into the final guideline document for which approval was sought and gained from the ESHRE Executive Committee.
35 PICO (Patients, Interventions, Comparison, Outcome) and seven narrative questions were addressed resulting in 78 Research Recommendations were formulated. Where sufficient scientific evidence was lacking and the Guideline Development Group (GDG) was of the opinion that an important topic needed to be highlighted Good Clinical Practice Points where created based on experts’ experience.
During the process of reviewing the literature it became apparent that large knowledge gaps of the best clinical approach to endometriosis exist. As a result, 30 research recommendations were also produced.
One of the main differences to the 2013 version of the ESHRE guidelines is that laparoscopy is no longer the gold standard for endometriosis per se as there exist sufficient data to support the use of transvaginal ultrasound performed by an experienced operator or MRI can equally identify or rule out ovarian and most of deep endometriosis. However, it is recognised by the GDG that the required imaging standards are not ubiquitously available and for peritoneal disease both sensitivity and specificity using either imaging modalities are still poor. As opposed to the 2013 recommendation, the GDG does not anymore recommend an ultralong protocol for the women with rASRM stage III/IV endometriosis to improve IVF success rates. Furthermore, gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists seem to be effective in the treatment of endometriosis-associate pain and, where available, could be considered as second-line treatment.
Other changes were specific chapters on endometriosis in adolescents and in menopausal women as the GDG strongly felt that these groups are concerningly underrepresented in clinical care and research. Finally, a chapter focussing on the association of endometriosis with certain forms of cancer namely subgroups of ovarian cancer, breast and thyroid cancer was added to give both patients and clinicians a better insight into the current evidence of this complex topic.
The GDG hope that the new ESHRE Endometriosis Guideline will improve the clinical management of a highly prevalent and heterogenous disease and that the freely-available patient-friendly version of the guideline empowers symptomatic and asymptomatic women to seek the best available advice, support and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Becker
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Bokor
- Semmelweis University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Budapest, Hungary
| | - O Heikinheimo
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Horne
- University of Edinburgh, EXPPECT Centre for Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - F Jansen
- EndoHome, Endometriosis Association Belgium , Eksel, Belgium
| | - L Kiesel
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Muenster, Germany
| | - K King
- Individual Endometriosis Advocate , Private, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Kvaskoff
- Paris-Saclay University- UVSQ- Univ. Paris-Sud- Inserm- Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” team- CESP , Paris, France
| | - A Nap
- Radboudumc, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Petersen
- University College London Hospitals, Pain Management Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - E Saridogan
- Universirty College London Hospitals, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health , London, United Kingdom
| | - C Tomassetti
- University Hospitals Leuven, Dept. Obstetrics and Gynaecology- Leuven University Fertility Center , Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Van Hanegem
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Vulliemoz
- Lausanne University Hospital, Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology- Department Woman Mother Child , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Vermeulen
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, Central Office , Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
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Mansfield DR, Wasgewatta S, Reynolds A, Grandner MA, Tubbs AS, King K, Johnson M, Mascaro L, Durukan M, Paul E, Drummond SPA, Perlis ML. Nocturnal Wakefulness and Suicide Risk in the Australian Population. J Clin Psychiatry 2022; 83. [PMID: 35759782 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.21m14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Temporal patterns for suicide over a 24-hour period have shown mixed results among prior studies. However, analyses of 24-hour temporal patterns for wakeful actions including suicidal behavior should adjust for expected sleep requirements that inherently skew such activities to conventional wakeful times. This study analyzed the time-of-day for suicide cases from the Australian population for the year 2017, adjusting for expected sleep patterns. Identification of time-of-day trends using this methodology may reveal risk factors for suicide and potentially modifiable contributors. Methods: The Australian National Coronial Information System database was accessed, and data for completed suicide were extracted for the most recent completed year (2017). Time of suicide was allocated to one of four 6-hourly time bins across 24 hours, determined from time last seen alive and time found subsequently. Prevalence of suicide for each time bin was adjusted for the likelihood of being awake for each bin according to sleep-wake norms published from a large Australian community survey. Observed prevalence of suicide was compared to expected values predicted from likelihood of being awake across each time bin calculated as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Results: For the year 2017, there were 2,808 suicides, of which 1,417 were able to be allocated into one of four 6-hourly time bins. When compared to expected values, suicides were significantly more likely to occur in the overnight bin (2301-0500; SIR = 3.93, P < .001). Conclusions: Higher-than-expected rates of suicide overnight associated with nocturnal wakefulness may represent a modifiable risk factor for triggering suicide events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Mansfield
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia cAdelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, South Australia dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona eBehavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania fRhinomed LTD, Richmond, Australia gMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia *Corresponding author: Darren R. Mansfield, PhD, Monash Lung and Sleep Department, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Corresponding author: Darren R. Mansfield, PhD, Monash Lung and Sleep Department, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sanjiwika Wasgewatta
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia cAdelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, South Australia dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona eBehavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania fRhinomed LTD, Richmond, Australia gMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia *Corresponding author: Darren R. Mansfield, PhD, Monash Lung and Sleep Department, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Reynolds
- Adelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, South Australia
| | | | - Andrew S Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia cAdelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, South Australia dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona eBehavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania fRhinomed LTD, Richmond, Australia gMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia *Corresponding author: Darren R. Mansfield, PhD, Monash Lung and Sleep Department, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Luis Mascaro
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia cAdelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, South Australia dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona eBehavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania fRhinomed LTD, Richmond, Australia gMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia *Corresponding author: Darren R. Mansfield, PhD, Monash Lung and Sleep Department, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melodi Durukan
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia cAdelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, South Australia dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona eBehavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania fRhinomed LTD, Richmond, Australia gMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia *Corresponding author: Darren R. Mansfield, PhD, Monash Lung and Sleep Department, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eldho Paul
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia cAdelaide Institute of Sleep Health, Flinders University, South Australia dDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona eBehavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania fRhinomed LTD, Richmond, Australia gMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia *Corresponding author: Darren R. Mansfield, PhD, Monash Lung and Sleep Department, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd Clayton 3168, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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Abraham AG, Joseph K, Spratlin JL, Zebak S, Alba V, Iafolla M, Ghosh S, Abdelaziz Z, Lui A, Paulson K, Bedard E, Chua N, Tankel K, Koski S, Scarfe A, Severin D, Zhu X, King K, Easaw JC, Mulder KE. Does Loosening the Inclusion Criteria of the CROSS Trial Impact Outcomes in the Curative-Intent Trimodality Treatment of Oesophageal and Gastroesophageal Cancer Patients? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:e369-e376. [PMID: 35680509 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the efficacy of preoperative chemoradiotherapy as per the CROSS protocol for oesophageal/gastroesophageal junction cancer (OEGEJC), when expanded to patients outside of the inclusion/exclusion criteria defined in the original clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected retrospectively on 229 OEGEJC patients referred for curative-intent preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Outcomes including pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients who met CROSS inclusion criteria (MIC) versus those who failed to meet criteria (FMIC) were determined. RESULTS In total, 42.8% of patients MIC, whereas 57.2% FMIC; 16.6% of patients did not complete definitive surgery. The MIC cohort had higher rates of pCR, when compared with the FMIC cohort (33.3% versus 20.6%, P = 0.039). The MIC cohort had a better RFS, cancer-specific survival and OS compared with the FMIC cohort (P = 0.006, P = 0.004 and P = 0.009, respectively). Age >75 years and pretreatment weight loss >10% were not associated with a poorer RFS (P = 0.541 and 0.458, respectively). Compared with stage I-III patients, stage IVa was associated with a poorer RFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.158; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.339-3.480, P = 0.001). Tumours >8 cm in length or >5 cm in width had a trend towards worse RFS (HR = 2.060; 95% CI = 0.993-4.274, P = 0.052). CONCLUSION Our study showed that the robust requirements of the CROSS trial may limit treatment for patients with potentially curable OEGEJC and can be adapted to include patients with a good performance status who are older than 75 years or have >10% pretreatment weight loss. However, the inclusion of patients with celiac nodal metastases or tumours >8 cm in length or >5 cm in width may be associated with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Abraham
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Joseph
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J L Spratlin
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Zebak
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Alba
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Iafolla
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Z Abdelaziz
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Oncology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Lui
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Paulson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - E Bedard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - N Chua
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Tankel
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Koski
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Scarfe
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Severin
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K King
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J C Easaw
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - K E Mulder
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Williams MR, Welikhe P, Bos J, King K, Akland M, Augustine D, Baffaut C, Beck EG, Bierer A, Bosch DD, Boughton E, Brandani C, Brooks E, Buda A, Cavigelli M, Faulkner J, Feyereisen G, Fortuna A, Gamble J, Hanrahan B, Hussain M, Kohmann M, Kovar J, Lee B, Leytem A, Liebig M, Line D, Macrae M, Moorman T, Moriasi D, Nelson N, Ortega-Pieck A, Osmond D, Pisani O, Ragosta J, Reba M, Saha A, Sanchez J, Silveira M, Smith D, Spiegal S, Swain H, Unrine J, Webb P, White K, Wilson H, Yasarer L. P-FLUX: A phosphorus budget dataset spanning diverse agricultural production systems in the United States and Canada. J Environ Qual 2022; 51:451-461. [PMID: 35373848 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying spatial and temporal fluxes of phosphorus (P) within and among agricultural production systems is critical for sustaining agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts. To better understand P fluxes in agricultural landscapes, P-FLUX, a detailed and harmonized dataset of P inputs, outputs, and budgets, as well as estimated uncertainties for each P flux and budget, was developed. Data were collected from 24 research sites and 61 production systems through the Long-term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and partner organizations spanning 22 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces. The objectives of this paper are to (a) present and provide a description of the P-FLUX dataset, (b) provide summary analyses of the agricultural production systems included in the dataset and the variability in P inputs and outputs across systems, and (c) provide details for accessing the dataset, dataset limitations, and an example of future use. P-FLUX includes information on select site characteristics (area, soil series), crop rotation, P inputs (P application rate, source, timing, placement, P in irrigation water, atmospheric deposition), P outputs (crop removal, hydrologic losses), P budgets (agronomic budget, overall budget), uncertainties associated with each flux and budget, and data sources. Phosphorus fluxes and budgets vary across agricultural production systems and are useful resources to improve P use efficiency and develop management strategies to mitigate environmental impacts of agricultural systems. P-FLUX is available for download through the USDA Ag Data Commons (https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1523365).
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Williams
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - P Welikhe
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J Bos
- National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K King
- Soil Drainage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Akland
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D Augustine
- Rangeland Resources Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - C Baffaut
- Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - E G Beck
- Kentucky Geological Survey, Univ. of Kentucky, Henderson, KY, USA
| | - A Bierer
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, USDA-ARS, Kimberly, ID, USA
| | - D D Bosch
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - E Boughton
- Buck Island Ranch, Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - C Brandani
- Dep. of Animal and Range Science, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - E Brooks
- Dep. of Soil and Water Resources, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - A Buda
- Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M Cavigelli
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - J Faulkner
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - G Feyereisen
- Soil and Water Management Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - A Fortuna
- Grazinglands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, El Reno, OK, USA
| | - J Gamble
- Soil and Water Management Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - B Hanrahan
- Soil Drainage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Hussain
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ., Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | - M Kohmann
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Univ. of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - J Kovar
- Agroecosystems Management Research, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - B Lee
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A Leytem
- Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, USDA-ARS, Kimberly, ID, USA
| | - M Liebig
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Mandan, ND, USA
| | - D Line
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Macrae
- Dep. of Geography and Environmental Management, Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - T Moorman
- Agroecosystems Management Research, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA
| | - D Moriasi
- Grazinglands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, El Reno, OK, USA
| | - N Nelson
- Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - A Ortega-Pieck
- Dep. of Soil and Water Resources, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - D Osmond
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - O Pisani
- Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - J Ragosta
- USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - M Reba
- USDA-ARS, Delta Water Management Research Unit, Arkansas State Univ., Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - A Saha
- Buck Island Ranch, Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - J Sanchez
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Univ. of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - M Silveira
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Univ. of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - D Smith
- Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Temple, TX, USA
| | - S Spiegal
- USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - H Swain
- Buck Island Ranch, Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, FL, USA
| | - J Unrine
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - P Webb
- Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - K White
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - H Wilson
- Science and Technology Branch, Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - L Yasarer
- National Sedimentation Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Oxford, MS, USA
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King K, Hall T, Oostermeijer S, Currier D. Community participation in Australia's National Suicide Prevention Trial. Aust J Prim Health 2022; 28:255-263. [PMID: 35473643 DOI: 10.1071/py21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National systems-based suicide prevention approaches are increasingly being implemented. Community participation is fundamental to the successful implementation of these approaches, but can be challenging to undertake. We present findings from the evaluation of Australia's National Suicide Prevention Trial (the Trial). METHODS We completed consultations with 127 community members and 46 Primary Health Network (PHN) staff. Thematic analysis was undertaken to understand the process of community participation in the planning and implementation of the Trial. RESULTS Themes were identified regarding: a collaborative PHN; an engaged and passionate community; maintaining engagement; getting the right people involved; and getting stakeholders to work together. Continuous negotiation about Trial ownership, acceptability of the Trial model, and choice of activities was required. Community participation was somewhat challenging for PHNs, taking much longer than anticipated for a range of reasons. CONCLUSIONS Future system-based approaches could benefit from the provision of community participation skills training and support to enable a more coordinated, and perhaps more easily achieved, approach to the involvement of community. Despite a long process of relationship building between stakeholders, this led to improved community cohesion and integration in local suicide prevention, ready for future collaborative work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3168, Australia
| | - Teresa Hall
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Sanne Oostermeijer
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia
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29
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King K, Roy S, Rauch R, Escobedo P, Bhayani M, Joshi N. Impact of Routine Surveillance Imaging on Detecting Recurrence in Sinonasal Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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King K, Schlichthorst M, Chondros P, Rice S, Clark A, Le LKD, Mihalopoulos C, Pirkis J. Protocol for a cluster randomized control trial of the impact of the Breaking the Man Code workshops on adolescent boys' intentions to seek help. Trials 2022; 23:110. [PMID: 35115023 PMCID: PMC8811738 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Males in Australia and many other countries account for three-quarters of all deaths by suicide. School-based programs to support young men’s wellbeing have become increasingly common in recent years and show much promise to tackle the issue of male suicide by fostering protective factors and mitigating harmful factors. However, only a few of these programs have been evaluated. This trial seeks to address the lack of knowledge about the potential for school-based gender-transformative programs to have a positive impact on boys. Breaking the Man Code workshops, delivered by Tomorrow Man in Australia, challenge and transform harmful masculinities with young men with a view to ultimately reducing their suicide risk. The trial aims to examine whether adolescent boys who participate in the Breaking the Man Code workshop demonstrate an increase in their likelihood of seeking help for personal or emotional problems compared to boys waiting to take part in the workshop. Methods A stratified cluster randomized controlled superiority trial with two parallel groups will be conducted. Schools will be randomly allocated 1:1, stratified by location of the schools (rural or urban), state (Victoria, NSW, or WA), and mode of workshop delivery (face-to-face or online), to the intervention group and waitlist control group. Discussion The Breaking the Man Code workshops show great promise as a school-based prevention intervention. The trial will fill a gap in knowledge that is critically needed to inform future interventions with boys and men. Some methodological challenges have been identified related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, such as delays in ethics approvals and the need for Tomorrow Man to introduce an online delivery option for the workshop. The trial protocol has been designed to mitigate these challenges. The findings from the trial will be used to improve the workshops and will assist others who are designing and implementing suicide prevention interventions for boys and men. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620001134910). Registered on 30 October 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Marisa Schlichthorst
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patty Chondros
- Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Clark
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Long Khanh-Dao Le
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Niederkrotenthaler T, Till B, Kirchner S, Sinyor M, Braun M, Pirkis J, Tran US, Voracek M, Arendt F, Ftanou M, Kovacs R, King K, Schlichthorst M, Stack S, Spittal MJ. Effects of media stories of hope and recovery on suicidal ideation and help-seeking attitudes and intentions: systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e156-e168. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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32
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Trail K, Oliffe JL, Patel D, Robinson J, King K, Armstrong G, Seidler Z, Walton CC, Wilson MJ, Rice SM. Promoting Healthier Masculinities as a Suicide Prevention Intervention in a Regional Australian Community: A Qualitative Study of Stakeholder Perspectives. Front Sociol 2021; 6:728170. [PMID: 34957291 PMCID: PMC8692245 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.728170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regionally-based Australian men have a higher risk of suicide than those in urban centers, with similar trends observed internationally. Adopting a place-based approach to understanding men's suicide and harm prevention provides contextual insights to guide localised opportunities for the development of tailored gender-specific interventions. Men in rural Australia are typically portrayed as embodying idealized masculinity-dominant and tough, upholding strength and stoicism in the face of hardship. Such values can increase suicide risk in men by reducing help-seeking. The Macedon Ranges Shire is an inner regional municipality with a population of approximately 50,000 people spanning across 10 regional towns and surrounding farming areas in Victoria, Australia. Understanding the influence of masculinities on men's wellbeing and help seeking behaviours in a regional context is vital in order to inform effective local suicide prevention efforts. The present research involved in-depth qualitative interviews with 19 community stakeholders (M = 49.89 years, SD = 11.82) predominantly working in healthcare and community services including emergency services and education. Using thematic analysis, interview transcripts were coded and themes inductively derived. Stakeholders identified three key areas for understanding suicide risk and wellbeing for local men; 1) localizing masculinities, 2) belonging in community, and 3) engaging men. Findings illustrate that addressing men's wellbeing in regional areas requires a multifaceted whole-of-community approach. While diverse, local expressions of masculinities were seen as contributors to men's challenges understanding their emotional worlds and reticence for help-seeking. Of vital need is to provide diverse opportunities for men to connect with others in the region, and offer inclusive spaces where men feel accepted, welcomed and able to meaningfully contribute to the community. Not only will this assist by bolstering men's sense of self, identity, and mental wellbeing, it may also provide valuable informal inroads to normalizing healthy communication around mental health and seeking mental health care. These findings offer important suggestions for the promotion of healthier masculinities in regionally-based Australian men, which may help to improve wellbeing of these men and their entire communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Trail
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John L. Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Deepa Patel
- Benetas Macedon Ranges Health Centre, Gisborne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory Armstrong
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zac Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney C. Walton
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J. Wilson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M. Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
AIM Anxiety disorders are amongst the most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses amongst men; however male-specific anxiety research is lacking. This review explores men's anxiety symptoms and disorders including help-seeking, coping and the role of masculinity. METHOD Four electronic database searches identified 8,333 citations, with 25 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Nineteen studies employed quantitative methods, five studies reported qualitative research, and one utilised mixed methods. RESULTS Unique profiles of anxiety, including psychosomatic symptoms, were identified and persisted over extended periods of time. Men commonly reported self-reliance over formal help-seeking, and typically managed anxiety symptoms through problem-based coping. Masculinity was related to anxiety in complex ways; adherence to norms of toughness could be protective against anxiety onset, while adherence to emotional restrictiveness and heterosexual presentation norms were positively associated with anxiety. The experience of, and help-seeking for anxiety transgressed many men's adherence to masculinity norms resulting in significant social and self-stigmas. LIMITATIONS The anxiety measurement scales utilised were inconsistent across included studies and there was limited scope of research into panic disorders, phobias and agoraphobia. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate the enduring nature of anxiety for men and a potential under-reporting of symptoms, especially amongst younger men. To better tailor clinical care and public health resources to the needs of men with anxiety disorders, targeted research examining men's lived experiences of (and coping strategies for) anxiety is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Fisher
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kylie King
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - John L Oliffe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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King K, Dow B, Keogh L, Feldman P, Milner A, Pierce D, Chenhall R, Schlichthorst M. "Is Life Worth Living?": The Role of Masculinity in the Way Men Aged Over 80 Talk About Living, Dying, and Suicide. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320966540. [PMID: 33118444 PMCID: PMC7607797 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320966540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Men aged 85 years and over have the highest rate of suicide of any age or gender group in Australia. However, little is known about their trajectory toward suicide. The objective of this study was to understand the role of masculine norms and other life factors in the suicidality of older men. Thirty-three men aged 80 years or more took part in a semistructured focus group or interview, and/or completed a survey. Participants were asked about the issues facing older men, well-being and aging, physical health challenges, social support, mental health and help-seeking, and suicide and suicide prevention. Five themes emerged: "finding out we're not invincible," "active and tough," "strong silent types," "decision makers," and "right to die." Participants spoke about masculine norms that had influenced their lives as providers and decision makers, and now influenced how they coped with aging and their journey toward death. For some participants, suicide was seen to be a rational alternative to dependence in their final years. Suicide prevention should adopt a gendered approach and be cognizant of the influence of gender roles and masculinity in older men's lives. Further research and prevention efforts should be mindful of the impact of masculine norms of self-reliance and control on an older man's decision to end his life. Suicide prevention efforts should work to reduce stigma around the challenges of aging, maximize opportunities for control, facilitate social connection, and improve residential aged care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie King
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise Keogh
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Feldman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pierce
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Chenhall
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marisa Schlichthorst
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Ftanou M, Ross A, Machlin A, Spittal MJ, King K, Nicholas A, Hocking J, Robinson J, Reavley N, Pirkis J. Public Service Announcements to Change Attitudes about Youth Suicide: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:829-844. [PMID: 32479160 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1765929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. Public service announcements (PSAs) may have a role in suicide prevention, as part of broader suicide prevention campaigns. METHOD We conducted a double-blind four arm randomized controlled trial in which 18 to 24 year olds were allocated to watch one of three suicide prevention PSAs intervention PSAs or a control PSA. Participants provided data prior to viewing their allocated PSA and again four weeks after viewing it. Our primary outcome was a change in participants' attitudes toward the preventability of suicide, and analysis was conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS A total of 349 participants were randomized to one of four groups and 266 participants provided pre and post viewing data. Across the four groups, no significant change was observed in our primary outcome: attitudes toward the preventability of suicide (p = .455). There were also no differences between groups on secondary outcomes, namely other attitudes toward suicide (permissiveness, incomprehensibility, avoidance and loneliness), risk taking behavior, levels of distress, suicidal ideation, and likelihood of help-seeking and actual help-seeking. CONCLUSION Our study has highlighted that attitudes and help-seeking intentions in young adults are difficult to change with low intensity one-off exposure to PSA messages. Further research is required to understand the factors that contribute to safe and effective messaging about suicide prevention.
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Sincomb SJ, Coenen W, Criado-Hidalgo E, Wei K, King K, Borzage M, Haughton V, Sánchez AL, Lasheras JC. Transmantle Pressure Computed from MR Imaging Measurements of Aqueduct Flow and Dimensions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1815-1821. [PMID: 34385144 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Measuring transmantle pressure, the instantaneous pressure difference between the lateral ventricles and the cranial subarachnoid space, by intracranial pressure sensors has limitations. The aim of this study was to compute transmantle pressure noninvasively with a novel nondimensional fluid mechanics model in volunteers and to identify differences related to age and aqueductal dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR images including cardiac-gated 2D phase-contrast MR imaging and fast-spoiled gradient recalled imaging were obtained in 77 volunteers ranging in age from 25-92 years of age. Transmantle pressure was computed during the cardiac cycle with a fluid mechanics model from the measured aqueductal flow rate, stroke volume, aqueductal length and cross-sectional area, and heart rate. Peak pressures during caudal and rostral aqueductal flow were tabulated. The computed transmantle pressure, aqueductal dimensions, and stroke volume were estimated, and the differences due to sex and age were calculated and tested for significance. RESULTS Peak transmantle pressure was calculated with the nondimensional averaged 14.4 (SD, 6.5) Pa during caudal flow and 6.9 (SD, 2.8) Pa during rostral flow. It did not differ significantly between men and women or correlate significantly with heart rate. Peak transmantle pressure increased with age and correlated with aqueductal dimensions and stroke volume. CONCLUSIONS The nondimensional fluid mechanics model for computing transmantle pressure detected changes in pressure related to age and aqueductal dimensions. This novel methodology can be easily used to investigate the clinical relevance of the transmantle pressure in normal pressure hydrocephalus, pediatric communicating hydrocephalus, and other CSF disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sincomb
- From the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (S.J.S., E.C.-H., A.L.S., J.C.L.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - W Coenen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y de Fluidos (W.C.), Grupo de Mecánica de Fluidos, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid), Spain
| | - E Criado-Hidalgo
- From the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (S.J.S., E.C.-H., A.L.S., J.C.L.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - K Wei
- MRI Center (K.W.), Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California
| | - K King
- Barrow Neurological Institute (K.K.), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - M Borzage
- Fetal and Neonatal Institute (M.B.), Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pediatrics (M.B.), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - V Haughton
- Department of Radiology (V.H.), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - A L Sánchez
- From the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (S.J.S., E.C.-H., A.L.S., J.C.L.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - J C Lasheras
- From the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (S.J.S., E.C.-H., A.L.S., J.C.L.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Maiorov EG, King K, Sakakibara N, Matar H, Ponnamperuma R, Weinberg W. 057 Understanding the distinct roles of p53 family of transcription factors through identification of protein-protein interactions. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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King K, Rice S, Schlichthorst M, Chondros P, Pirkis J. Gender norms and the wellbeing of girls and boys. The Lancet Global Health 2021; 9:e398. [DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore how social networks could be used in the measurement of transactive memory systems (TMS) or other team constructs and provide motivation for future analyses of TMS measurement.
Design/methodology/approach
TMSs describe the structures and processes that teams use to share information, work together and accomplish shared goals. This paper proposes the use of social network analysis in measuring TMS. This is accomplished by describing the creation and administration of a TMS network instrument and evaluating the relation of the proposed network measures, previous measures of TMS and performance.
Findings
Findings include that proposed network measures perform similarly to previously proposed, frequently used measures of TMS.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is among the first papers to propose network measures for the evaluation of TMS.
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Scully P, Waldron J, Deeny H, King K, O'Neill MB, Macken AP, O'Gorman CS. Feasibility and Parental Attitudes to Universal Cholesterol Screening in Paediatric in-Patients. Ir Med J 2021; 114:237. [PMID: 37555921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
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King K, Ticiani E, Sprícigo JFW, Carvalho MR, Mion B, Bertolini M, Contreras GA, Ribeiro ES. Dynamics of lipid droplets in the endometrium and fatty acids and oxylipins in the uterine lumen, blood, and milk of lactating cows during diestrus. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3676-3692. [PMID: 33455794 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the lipid content of uterus, blood plasma, and milk at early, mid, and late diestrus. Lactating cows (n = 30) had the estrous cycle and ovulation synchronized by administration of exogenous hormones. Cows were blocked by parity and assigned randomly to receive transcervical uterine flushing and biopsy on d 5 (early diestrus), 10 (mid diestrus) or 15 (late diestrus) of the estrous cycle. Flushing and endometrial biopsy were performed in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. The recovered flushing was used for analyses of lipid composition by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and the biopsy was used for investigation of lipid droplet abundance in endometrial cryosections using a neutral lipid fluorescent dye. In addition, blood and milk samples were collected from all cows on d 5, 10, and 15. All blood samples were used to measure the concentration of progesterone in plasma, and all milk samples were used to determine milk composition. Subsamples of blood plasma and milk were also used to evaluate the composition of fatty acids and oxylipins using the same methodology used for uterine flushing samples. The abundance of lipid droplets in the endometrium increased 1.9-fold from d 5 to 10, and 2-fold from d 10 to 15. Concentration of long-chain fatty acids and oxylipins in uterine flushing were, on average, 2.2 and 2.5 times greater in samples collected on d 15 compared with those collected on d 5 and 10. These differences were not observed in blood and milk, suggesting that accumulation of fatty acids and oxylipins in the uterus is regulated locally. In addition to concentration, the profile of individual fatty acids and oxylipins in uterine lumen changed substantially during diestrus. The main categories with increased abundance at late diestrus were mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. In conclusion, fatty acids and oxylipins accumulate in the uterine lumen during diestrus and might work as a mechanism to supply these lipids to the developing conceptus at late diestrus, when the onset of elongation occurs and substantial synthesis of biomass and cell signaling by lipid mediators are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K King
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - E Ticiani
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1; Animal Sciences Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - J F W Sprícigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - M R Carvalho
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - B Mion
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - M Bertolini
- Animal Sciences Research Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 91540-000
| | - G A Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Christie F, Quasim T, Cowan R, King K, McPeake J. Meralgia paraesthetica in intensive care unit survivors of COVID-19. Anaesthesia 2020; 76:712-713. [PMID: 33351958 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Quasim
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - R Cowan
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - K King
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - J McPeake
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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King K, Schlichthorst M, Millar C, Sutherland G, Too LS. Understanding the Context of Suicides by Older Men Compared With Younger Old Men and Women. Crisis 2020; 43:67-71. [PMID: 33275054 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The rate of suicide among men aged 85 years or older is the highest of any age or gender group in many countries, but little is known about their pathways to suicide. Aims: This study aimed to determine the context of suicide by men aged 85 years or older. Method: Data were extracted from the Victorian Suicide Register regarding suicide deaths between 2009 and 2015. Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare old men (65-84 years old) and older men (85 years or more), and old women and old men (both 65 years or more). Results: The context of suicide by older men differed significantly from that of old men, as did that of old men compared with old women, on variables related to suicidal behavior and intention, mental illness, mental health treatment, and life stressors. Limitations: The study is limited by the small numbers of deaths by suicide in this age group in Victoria. Conclusion: The context of suicide by older and old men is different from that of old men and old women, respectively. More research is needed to understand the pathways to suicide by older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie King
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, MonashUniversity, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marisa Schlichthorst
- The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ciara Millar
- Coroners Prevention Unit, Coroners Court of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgina Sutherland
- The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lay San Too
- The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Fletcher J, Pirkis J, King K, Christo J, Bassilios B, Burgess P, Whiteford H, Blashki G, Littlefield L. Psychologists' Experiences with the Better Access Initiative: A Pilot Study. Australian Psychologist 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9544.2011.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Kylie King
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Jo Christo
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne
| | | | | | | | - Grant Blashki
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne
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King K, Chowdhary M, Blumenfeld P, White G, Turian J, Wang D. Multiparametric MRI Results After Dose Escalated Radiotherapy Of Localized Prostate Cancer: 2 Year Follow-Up Of A Prospective Phase II Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Atkinson JA, Skinner A, Hackney S, Mason L, Heffernan M, Currier D, King K, Pirkis J. Systems modelling and simulation to inform strategic decision making for suicide prevention in rural New South Wales (Australia). Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:892-901. [PMID: 32551878 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420932639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need to understand and respond to the unique characteristics and drivers of suicidal behaviour in rural areas has been enabled through the Australian Government's 2015 mental health reforms facilitating a move to an evidence-based, regional approach to suicide prevention. However, a key challenge has been the complex decision-making environment and lack of appropriate tools to facilitate the use of evidence, data and expert knowledge in a way that can inform contextually appropriate strategies that will deliver the greatest impact. This paper reports the co-development of an advanced decision support tool that enables regional decision makers to explore the likely impacts of their decisions before implementing them in the real world. METHODS A system dynamics model for the rural and remote population catchment of Western New South Wales was developed. The model was based on defined pathways to mental health care and suicidal behaviour and reproduced historic trends in the incidence of attempted suicide (self-harm hospitalisations) and suicide deaths in the region. A series of intervention scenarios were investigated to forecast their impact on suicidal behaviour over a 10-year period. RESULTS Post-suicide attempt assertive aftercare was forecast to deliver the greatest impact, reducing the numbers of self-harm hospitalisations and suicide deaths by 5.65% (95% interval, 4.87-6.42%) and 5.45% (4.68-6.22%), respectively. Reductions were also projected for community support programs (self-harm hospitalisations: 2.83%, 95% interval 2.23-3.46%; suicide deaths: 4.38%, 95% interval 3.78-5.00%). Some scenarios produced unintuitive impacts or effect sizes that were significantly lower than what has been anticipated under the traditional evidence-based approach to suicide prevention and provide an opportunity for learning. CONCLUSION Systems modelling and simulation offers significant potential for regional decision makers to better understand and respond to the unique characteristics and drivers of suicidal behaviour in their catchments and more effectively allocate limited health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-An Atkinson
- Systems Modelling and Simulation, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Skinner
- Systems Modelling and Simulation, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sue Hackney
- Western New South Wales Primary Health Network, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda Mason
- Western New South Wales Primary Health Network, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Heffernan
- Dynamic Operations, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- Mental Health Policy and Practice Unit, Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Mental Health Policy and Practice Unit, Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Mental Health Policy and Practice Unit, Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Sakakibara N, Clavijo P, George A, Gray V, King K, Ponnamperuma R, Van Waes C, Allen C, Weinberg W. 111 Defining the immune tumor microenvironment in a genetic mouse model of multistep squamous cell carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moses M, George A, Sakakibara N, King K, Sourbier C, Weinberg W. 114 Analyzing the metabolic demands of genetic alterations observed in squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galvez
- St Luke's University Health Network, St Luke's Weight Management Center, North, 240 Cetronia Rd, Allentown, PA, USA.
| | - K King
- St Luke's University Health Network, St Luke's Weight Management Center, North, 240 Cetronia Rd, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - M El Chaar
- St Luke's University Health Network, St Luke's Weight Management Center, North, 240 Cetronia Rd, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - L Claros
- St Luke's University Health Network, St Luke's Weight Management Center, North, 240 Cetronia Rd, Allentown, PA, USA
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King TL, Shields M, Sojo V, Daraganova G, Currier D, O’Neil A, King K, Milner A. Expressions of masculinity and associations with suicidal ideation among young males. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:228. [PMID: 32398056 PMCID: PMC7218581 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-2475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent boys and young men are at particular risk of suicide. Suicidal ideation is an important risk factor for suicide, but is poorly understood among adolescent males. Some masculine behaviors have been associated with deleterious effects on health, yet there has been little quantitative examination of associations between masculinity and suicide or suicidal ideation, particularly among boys/young men. This study aimed to examine associations between conformity to masculine norms and suicidal ideation in a sample of adolescents. METHODS A prospective cohort design, this study drew on a sample of 829 Australian boys/young men from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. Boys were 15-18 years at baseline, and 17-20 years at follow-up. Masculine norms (Wave 1), were measured using the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-22). Suicidal ideation (Wave 2) was a single-item from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for available confounders including parental education, Indigenous Australian identity and area disadvantage. RESULTS In adjusted models, greater conformity to violent norms (OR = 1.23, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03-1.47) and self-reliance norms (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15-1.70) was associated with higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation. Greater conformity to norms regarding heterosexuality was associated with reduced odds of reporting suicidal ideation (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.91). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that conforming to some masculine norms may be deleterious to the mental health of young males, placing them at greater risk of suicidal ideation. The results highlight the importance of presenting young males with alternative and multiple ways of being a male. Facilitating a relaxation of norms regarding self-reliance, and encouraging help-seeking, is vital. Furthermore, dismantling norms that rigidly enforce masculine norms, particularly in relation to heteronormativity, is likely to benefit the broad population of males, not only those who do not conform to heterosexual and other masculine norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L. King
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
| | - Marissa Shields
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
| | - Victor Sojo
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Workplace Leadership, Department of Management and Marketing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Galina Daraganova
- grid.478363.d0000 0004 0432 3800Longitudinal and Lifecourse Studies, Australian Institute of Family Studies, Honorary Melbourne University Fellow, Southbank, VIC 3006 Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
| | - Adrienne O’Neil
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Food and Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220 Australia
| | - Kylie King
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Bouverie St, Carlton, 3010 Australia
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