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Metelski JL, Allen KY, Barrera L, Heffernan M, Hinkle CD, Parikh P, Foster CC. Predictors of psychosocial adaptation in children with CHD. Cardiol Young 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38634350 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951124000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Survival of CHD has significantly improved, but children with CHD remain susceptible to neurodevelopmental and psychosocial impairments. Our goal was to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and psychosocial adaptation for future intervention. A retrospective cross-sectional study of an independent children's hospital's records was conducted. Psychosocial adaptation was measured by the Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory Psychosocial Impact score (range 0-50, higher score indicates greater psychosocial adaptation). Bivariate and regression analyses were performed to estimate relationships between Psychosocial Impact score and socio-demographic variables including Child Opportunity Index, family support, financial support, academic support, and extracurricular activities. A total of 159 patients were included. Compared to patients in high opportunity neighbourhoods, patients in low opportunity neighbourhoods had a 9.27 (95% confidence interval [-17.15, -1.40], p = 0.021) point lower Psychosocial Impact score, whereas patients in moderate opportunity neighbourhoods had a 15.30 (95% confidence interval [-25.38, -5.22], p = 0.003) point lower Psychosocial Impact score. Compared to patients with adequate family support, those with limited support had a 6.23 point (95% confidence interval [-11.82, -0.643], p = 0.029) lower Psychosocial Impact score. Patients in moderate opportunity neighbourhoods had a higher Psychosocial Impact score by 11.80 (95% confidence interval [1.68, 21.91], p = 0.022) when they also had adequate family support compared to those with limited family support. Our findings indicate that among children with CHD, psychosocial adaptation is significantly impacted by neighbourhood resources and family support structures. These findings identify possible modifiable and protective factors to improve psychosocial adaptation in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiona Y Allen
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Barrera
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Heffernan
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clayton D Hinkle
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pooja Parikh
- Division of Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carolyn C Foster
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary Care, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Heffernan M, Mullins B, Bermingham AK, Neville R, Dervan N, Corish CA, Murrin CM, Fitzpatrick P. Implementation of student experiential learning in health & wellbeing in a large university setting. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Healthy UCD is a health promotion initiative in University College Dublin (UCD). Working together with university academic staff, we have provided opportunities for graded experiential learning for students in health and wellbeing-related courses. This abstract presents how experiential learning was implemented in the 2020/21 academic year.
Objectives
The first objective was to provide a public health nutrition learning opportunity to MSc in Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics students through the design, implementation and evaluation of UCD Healthy Eating Week in Autumn 2020. Secondly, we aimed to facilitate the running of a wellbeing event by BSc Sport & Exercise Management students with Healthy UCD as their client in Spring 2021. The students had the additional challenge this year of delivering the content online.
Results
MSc Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics students utilised Healthy UCD's website and social media channels to deliver a virtual Healthy Eating Week. Infographics, videos, articles and podcasts were produced which generated 1,000 website visits and reached over 3,000 on social media. Most students involved agreed that the event was successful (95%) and that they were sufficiently supported by Healthy UCD and their tutors (65%). BSc Sport & Exercise Management students devised and delivered a week-long event titled “Wellbeing Your Way”, creating wellbeing seminars and live exercise classes with each receiving an average of 460 views. The students reported gaining valuable experience of the responsibilities of running a professional event and operating as a team.
Conclusions
These examples of experiential learning for credit demonstrate how university campus health promotion teams can facilitate student learning and simultaneously reap the benefit for university faculty and students. The key requirements are committed academic engagement and supported students.
Key messages
University campus health promotion provides excellent opportunities for experiential learning. Health promotion practical experience can have benefits both for students and for the university.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heffernan
- Healthy UCD, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Mullins
- Healthy UCD, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - AK Bermingham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Dervan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - CA Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - CM Murrin
- Healthy UCD, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Fitzpatrick
- Healthy UCD, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Peng CQ, Lawson KD, Heffernan M, McDonnell G, Liew D, Lybrand S, Pearson SA, Cutler H, Kritharides L, Trieu K, Huynh Q, Usherwood T, Occhipinti JA. Gazing through time and beyond the health sector: Insights from a system dynamics model of cardiovascular disease in Australia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257760. [PMID: 34591888 PMCID: PMC8483334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a whole-of-system model to inform strategies that reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Australia. METHODS A system dynamics model was developed with a multidisciplinary modelling consortium. The model population comprised Australians aged 40 years and over, and the scope encompassed acute and chronic CVD as well as primary and secondary prevention. Health outcomes were CVD-related deaths and hospitalisations, and economic outcomes were the net benefit from both the healthcare system and societal perspectives. The eight strategies broadly included creating social and physical environments supportive of a healthy lifestyle, increasing the use of preventive treatments, and improving systems response to acute CVD events. The effects of strategies were estimated as relative differences to the business-as-usual between 2019-2039. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis produced uncertainty intervals of interquartile ranges (IQR). FINDINGS The greatest reduction in CVD-related deaths was seen in strategies that improve systems response to acute CVD events (8.9%, IQR: 7.7-10.2%), yet they resulted in an increase in CVD-related hospitalisations due to future recurrent admissions (1.6%, IQR: 0.1-2.3%). This flow-on effect highlighted the importance of addressing underlying CVD risks. On the other hand, strategies targeting the broad environment that supports a healthy lifestyle were effective in reducing both hospitalisations (7.1%; IQR: 5.0-9.5%) and deaths (8.1% reduction; IQR: 7.1-8.9%). They also produced an economic net benefit of AU$43.3 billion (IQR: 37.7-48.7) using a societal perspective, largely driven by productivity gains. Overall, strategic planning to reduce the burden of CVD should consider the varying effects of strategies over time and beyond the health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Q. Peng
- Decision Analytics, The SAX Institute, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenny D. Lawson
- Adjunct, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Heffernan
- Adjunct, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Dynamic Operations, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sallie-Anne Pearson
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Cutler
- Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathy Trieu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Quan Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jo-An Occhipinti
- Decision Analytics, The SAX Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technology (CSART), Sydney, Australia
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Heffernan M, Birch M, Bandukwala T, Katebian K. FACILITATING REAL WORLD CARDIOLOGY STUDIES THROUGH VALIDATION OF THE APOLLO ELECTRONIC DATA CAPTURE SYSTEM IN A COMMUNITY CARDIOLOGY ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD DATABASE. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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5
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Everett D, Ke W, Paquet JF, Vujanovic G, Bass SA, Du L, Gale C, Heffernan M, Heinz U, Liyanage D, Luzum M, Majumder A, McNelis M, Shen C, Xu Y, Angerami A, Cao S, Chen Y, Coleman J, Cunqueiro L, Dai T, Ehlers R, Elfner H, Fan W, Fries RJ, Garza F, He Y, Jacak BV, Jacobs PM, Jeon S, Kim B, Kordell M, Kumar A, Mak S, Mulligan J, Nattrass C, Oliinychenko D, Park C, Putschke JH, Roland G, Schenke B, Schwiebert L, Silva A, Sirimanna C, Soltz RA, Tachibana Y, Wang XN, Wolpert RL. Phenomenological Constraints on the Transport Properties of QCD Matter with Data-Driven Model Averaging. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:242301. [PMID: 34213947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using combined data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion and Large Hadron Colliders, we constrain the shear and bulk viscosities of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at temperatures of ∼150-350 MeV. We use Bayesian inference to translate experimental and theoretical uncertainties into probabilistic constraints for the viscosities. With Bayesian model averaging we propagate an estimate of the model uncertainty generated by the transition from hydrodynamics to hadron transport in the plasma's final evolution stage, providing the most reliable phenomenological constraints to date on the QGP viscosities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Everett
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - W Ke
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - J-F Paquet
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - G Vujanovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - S A Bass
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L Du
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Gale
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec City H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - M Heffernan
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec City H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - U Heinz
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Liyanage
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Luzum
- Instituto de Fìsica, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Majumder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - M McNelis
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C Shen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Angerami
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Coleman
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L Cunqueiro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - T Dai
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Ehlers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - H Elfner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - W Fan
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R J Fries
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - F Garza
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Y He
- Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - B V Jacak
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - P M Jacobs
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - S Jeon
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec City H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - B Kim
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Kordell
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - S Mak
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Mulligan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - C Nattrass
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - D Oliinychenko
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - C Park
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec City H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - J H Putschke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - G Roland
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Schenke
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Schwiebert
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - A Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C Sirimanna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - R A Soltz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Tachibana
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - X-N Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
- Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) and Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - R L Wolpert
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Skinner A, Walker P, Atkinson JA, Whitehead R, Roselli T, West M, Bright M, Heffernan M, McDonnell G, Veerman L, Prodan A, Thomas DP, Burton S. Policy options for endgame planning in tobacco control: a simulation modelling study. Tob Control 2021; 30:77-83. [PMID: 31857491 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential impacts of several tobacco control interventions on adult daily smoking prevalence in the Australian state of Queensland, using a system dynamics model codeveloped with local and national stakeholders. METHODS Eight intervention scenarios were simulated and compared with a reference scenario (business as usual), in which all tobacco control measures currently in place are maintained unchanged until the end of the simulation period (31 December 2037). FINDINGS Under the business as usual scenario, adult daily smoking prevalence is projected to decline from 11.8% in 2017 to 5.58% in 2037. A sustained 50% increase in antismoking advertising exposure from 2018 reduces projected prevalence in 2037 by 0.80 percentage points. Similar reductions are projected with the introduction of tobacco wholesaler and retailer licensing schemes that either permit or prohibit tobacco sales by alcohol-licensed venues (0.65 and 1.73 percentage points, respectively). Increasing the minimum age of legal supply of tobacco products substantially reduces adolescent initiation, but has minimal impact on smoking prevalence in the adult population over the simulation period. Sustained reductions in antismoking advertising exposure of 50% and 100% from 2018 increase projected adult daily smoking prevalence in 2037 by 0.88 and 1.98 percentage points, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that any prudent approach to endgame planning should seek to build on rather than replace existing tobacco control measures that have proved effective to date. Additional interventions that can promote cessation are expected to be more successful in reducing smoking prevalence than interventions focussing exclusively on preventing initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Skinner
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pippy Walker
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jo-An Atkinson
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Whitehead
- Preventive Health Branch, Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tim Roselli
- Preventive Health Branch, Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark West
- Preventive Health Branch, Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Bright
- Preventive Health Branch, Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Heffernan
- Dynamic Operations, Mona Vale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoff McDonnell
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lennert Veerman
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ante Prodan
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P Thomas
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Suzan Burton
- School of Business, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Atkinson JA, Skinner A, Hackney S, Mason L, Heffernan M, Currier D, King K, Pirkis J. Systems modelling and simulation to inform strategic decision making for suicide prevention in rural New South Wales (Australia). Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:892-901. [PMID: 32551878 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420932639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need to understand and respond to the unique characteristics and drivers of suicidal behaviour in rural areas has been enabled through the Australian Government's 2015 mental health reforms facilitating a move to an evidence-based, regional approach to suicide prevention. However, a key challenge has been the complex decision-making environment and lack of appropriate tools to facilitate the use of evidence, data and expert knowledge in a way that can inform contextually appropriate strategies that will deliver the greatest impact. This paper reports the co-development of an advanced decision support tool that enables regional decision makers to explore the likely impacts of their decisions before implementing them in the real world. METHODS A system dynamics model for the rural and remote population catchment of Western New South Wales was developed. The model was based on defined pathways to mental health care and suicidal behaviour and reproduced historic trends in the incidence of attempted suicide (self-harm hospitalisations) and suicide deaths in the region. A series of intervention scenarios were investigated to forecast their impact on suicidal behaviour over a 10-year period. RESULTS Post-suicide attempt assertive aftercare was forecast to deliver the greatest impact, reducing the numbers of self-harm hospitalisations and suicide deaths by 5.65% (95% interval, 4.87-6.42%) and 5.45% (4.68-6.22%), respectively. Reductions were also projected for community support programs (self-harm hospitalisations: 2.83%, 95% interval 2.23-3.46%; suicide deaths: 4.38%, 95% interval 3.78-5.00%). Some scenarios produced unintuitive impacts or effect sizes that were significantly lower than what has been anticipated under the traditional evidence-based approach to suicide prevention and provide an opportunity for learning. CONCLUSION Systems modelling and simulation offers significant potential for regional decision makers to better understand and respond to the unique characteristics and drivers of suicidal behaviour in their catchments and more effectively allocate limited health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-An Atkinson
- Systems Modelling and Simulation, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Computer Simulation & Advanced Research Technologies (CSART), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Skinner
- Systems Modelling and Simulation, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sue Hackney
- Western New South Wales Primary Health Network, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda Mason
- Western New South Wales Primary Health Network, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Heffernan
- Dynamic Operations, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- Mental Health Policy and Practice Unit, Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Mental Health Policy and Practice Unit, Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Mental Health Policy and Practice Unit, Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Atkinson JA, Page A, Heffernan M, McDonnell G, Prodan A, Campos B, Meadows G, Hickie IB. The impact of strengthening mental health services to prevent suicidal behaviour. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:642-650. [PMID: 30541332 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418817381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Successive suicide prevention frameworks and action plans in Australia and internationally have called for improvements to mental health services and enhancement of workforce capacity. However, there is debate regarding the priorities for resource allocation and the optimal combination of mental health services to best prevent suicidal behaviour. This study investigates the potential impacts of service capacity improvements on the incidence of suicidal behaviour in the Australian context. METHODS A system dynamics model was developed to investigate the optimal combination of (1) secondary (acute) mental health service capacity, (2) non-secondary (non-acute) mental health service capacity and (3) resources to re-engage those lost to services on the incidence of suicidal behaviour over the period 2018-2028 for the Greater Western Sydney (Australia) population catchment. The model captured population and behavioural dynamics and mental health service referral pathways and was validated using population survey and administrative data, evidence syntheses and an expert stakeholder group. RESULTS Findings suggest that 28% of attempted suicide and 29% of suicides could be averted over the forecast period based on a combination of increases in (1) hospital staffing (with training in trauma-informed care), (2) non-secondary health service capacity, (3) expansion of mental health assessment capacity and (4) re-engagement of at least 45% of individuals lost to services. Reduction in the number of available psychiatric beds by 15% had no substantial impact on the incidence of attempted suicide and suicide over the forecast period. CONCLUSION This study suggests that more than one-quarter of suicides and attempted suicides in the Greater Western Sydney population catchment could potentially be averted with a combination of increases to hospital staffing and non-secondary (non-acute) mental health care. Reductions in tertiary care services (e.g. psychiatric hospital beds) in combination with these increases would not adversely affect subsequent incidence of suicidal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-An Atkinson
- 1 Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Haymarket, NSW, Australia.,2 Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,3 Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Page
- 2 Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Geoff McDonnell
- 1 Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Haymarket, NSW, Australia
| | - Ante Prodan
- 5 School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Bill Campos
- 6 Western Sydney Primary Health Network, WentWest, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Meadows
- 7 Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Dandenong, VIC, Australia.,8 Adult Mental Health Services, Monash Health, Dandenong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- 9 Brain and Mind Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Atkinson JA, Page A, Skinner A, Heffernan M, Prodan A, Hickie IB. The Impact of Reducing Psychiatric Beds on Suicide Rates. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:448. [PMID: 31333513 PMCID: PMC6615492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been ongoing debate regarding the impact of reductions in psychiatric beds on suicide rates, and the potential effect of reallocation of acute hospital funding to community-based mental health programs and services. Computer simulation offers significant value in advancing such debate by providing a robust platform for exploring strategic resource allocation scenarios before they are implemented in the real world. We report an application that demonstrates a threshold effect of cuts to psychiatric beds on suicide rates and the role of context specific variations in population, behavioral, and service use dynamics in determining where that threshold lies. Findings have important implications for regional decision-making regarding resource allocation for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-An Atkinson
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Skinner
- Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ante Prodan
- School of Computing, Engineering & Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Page A, Atkinson JA, Campos W, Heffernan M, Ferdousi S, Power A, McDonnell G, Maranan N, Hickie I. A decision support tool to inform local suicide prevention activity in Greater Western Sydney (Australia). Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:983-993. [PMID: 29671335 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418767315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study describes the development of a decision support tool to identify the combination of suicide prevention activities and service priorities likely to deliver the greatest reductions in suicidal behaviour in Western Sydney (Australia) over the period 2018-2028. METHODS A dynamic simulation model for the WentWest - Western Sydney Primary Health Network population-catchment was developed in partnership with primary health network stakeholders based on defined pathways to mental health care and suicidal behaviour, and which represented the current incidence of suicide and attempted suicide in Western Sydney. A series of scenarios relating to potential suicide prevention activities and service priorities identified by primary health network stakeholders were investigated to identify the combination of interventions associated with the largest reductions in the forecast number of attempted suicide and suicide cases for a 10-year follow-up period. RESULTS The largest number of cases averted for both suicide and attempted suicide was associated with (1) post-suicide attempt assertive aftercare (6.1% for both attempted suicide and suicide), (2) improved community support and reductions in psychological distress in the community (5.1% for attempted suicide and 14.8% for suicide), and (3) reductions in the proportion of those lost to services following a mental health service contact (10.5% for both attempted suicide and suicide). In combination, these interventions were forecast to avert approximately 29.7% of attempted suicides and 37.1% of suicides in the primary health network catchment over the 10-year period. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the utility of dynamic simulation models, co-designed with multi-disciplinary stakeholder groups, to capture and analyse complex mental health and suicide prevention regional planning problems. The model can be used by WentWest - Western Sydney Primary Health Network as a decision support tool to guide the commissioning of future service activity, and more efficiently frame the monitoring and evaluation of interventions as they are implemented in Western Sydney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Page
- 1 Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jo-An Atkinson
- 2 The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - William Campos
- 3 WentWest, Western Sydney Primary Health Network, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shahana Ferdousi
- 3 WentWest, Western Sydney Primary Health Network, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Power
- 3 WentWest, Western Sydney Primary Health Network, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff McDonnell
- 2 The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, The Sax Institute, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Nereus Maranan
- 5 Health Services Planning & Development, Western Sydney Local Health District, Wentworthville, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Hickie
- 6 Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Van Spall H, Lee S, Averbuch T, Erbas Oz U, Perez R, Maingi M, Heffernan M, Mitoff P, Tjandrawidjaja M, Zia M, Simek K, Porepa L, Panju M, Ko D, Connolly S. A SIMPLE, POINT-OF-CARE RISK PREDICTION TOOL TO PREDICT 30-DAY OUTCOMES FOLLOWING HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEART FAILURE. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Van Spall HGC, Lee SF, Averbuch T, Erbas Oz U, Perez R, Maingi M, Heffernan M, Mitoff P, Tjandrawidjaja M, Zia M, Simek K, Porepa L, Panju M, Ko D, Connolly S. P6544All you need is LE: utility of an abbreviated LACE score in predicting 30-day outcomes among patients hospitalized for Heart Failure (HF). Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H G C Van Spall
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S F Lee
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - U Erbas Oz
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R Perez
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Maingi
- Trillium Health Partners, Cardiac Health Program, Mississauga, Canada
| | - M Heffernan
- Halton Health Care Services, Department of Medicine, Oakville, Canada
| | - P Mitoff
- St. Joseph's Health Center, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Tjandrawidjaja
- William Osler Health System, Department of Medicine, Brampton, Canada
| | - M Zia
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Simek
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - L Porepa
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Department of Medicine, Newmarket, Canada
| | - M Panju
- McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D Ko
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Connolly
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Van Spall HGC, Lee SF, Averbuch T, Erbas Oz U, Perez R, Maingi M, Heffernan M, Mitoff PR, Tjandrawidjaja M, Zia MI, Simek KD, Porepa L, Panju M, Ko DT, Connolly SJ. 4940Predicting risk at the point of care: NT-proBNP improves performance of the LACE index among patients hospitalized for Heart Failure (HF). Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H G C Van Spall
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S F Lee
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - U Erbas Oz
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R Perez
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Maingi
- Trillium Health Partners, Cardiac Health Program, Mississauga, Canada
| | - M Heffernan
- Halton Health Care Services, Department of Medicine, Oakville, Canada
| | - P R Mitoff
- St. Joseph's Health Centre, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Tjandrawidjaja
- William Osler Health System, Department of Medicine, Brampton, Canada
| | - M I Zia
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - K D Simek
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - L Porepa
- Southlake Regional Health Centre, Department of Medicine, Newmarket, Canada
| | - M Panju
- McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada
| | - D T Ko
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - S J Connolly
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Page A, Atkinson JA, Heffernan M, McDonnell G, Prodan A, Osgood N, Hickie I. Static metrics of impact for a dynamic problem: The need for smarter tools to guide suicide prevention planning and investment. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:660-667. [PMID: 29359569 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417752866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates two approaches to estimate the potential impact of a population-level intervention on Australian suicide, to highlight the importance of selecting appropriate analytic approaches for informing evidence-based strategies for suicide prevention. METHODS The potential impact of a psychosocial therapy intervention on the incidence of suicide in Australia over the next 10 years was used as a case study to compare the potential impact on suicides averted using: (1) a traditional epidemiological measure of population attributable risk and (2) a dynamic measure of population impact based on a systems science model of suicide that incorporates changes over time. RESULTS Based on the population preventive fraction, findings suggest that the psychosocial therapy intervention if implemented among all eligible individuals in the Australian population would prevent 5.4% of suicides (or 1936 suicides) over the next 10 years. In comparison, estimates from the dynamic simulation model which accounts for changes in the effect size of the intervention over time, the time taken for the intervention to have an impact in the population, and likely barriers to the uptake and availability of services suggest that the intervention would avert a lower proportion of suicides (between 0.4% and 0.5%) over the same follow-up period. CONCLUSION Traditional epidemiological measures used to estimate population health burden have several limitations that are often understated and can lead to unrealistic expectations of the potential impact of evidence-based interventions in real-world settings. This study highlights these limitations and proposes an alternative analytic approach to guide policy and practice decisions to achieve reductions in Australian suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Page
- 1 Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jo-An Atkinson
- 2 Decision Analytics, Sax Institute, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Ante Prodan
- 4 School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Osgood
- 5 Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ian Hickie
- 6 Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Subrahmanyam S, Adams A, Raman A, Hodgkins D, Heffernan M. Ecological modelling of a wetland for phytoremediating Cu, Zn and Mn in a gold–copper mine site using Typha domingensis (Poales: Typhaceae) near Orange, NSW, Australia. European Journal of Ecology 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/eje-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAn artificial wetland was computationally modelled using STELLA®, a graphical programming tool for an Au-Cu mine site in Central-west NSW, the aim of which was to offer a predictive analysis of a proposed wetland for Cu, Zn and Mn removal using Typha domingensis as the agent. The model considers the important factors that impact phytoremediation of Cu, Zn and Mn. Simulations were performed to optimise the area of the wetland; concentration of Cu, Zn and Mn released from mine (AMD); and flow rates of water for maximum absorption of the metals. A scenario analysis indicates that at AMD = 0.75mg/L for Cu, Zn and Mn, 12.5, 8.6, and 357.9 kg of Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively, will be assimilated by the wetland in 35 years, which would be equivalent to 61 mg of Cu/kg, 70 mg of Zn/kg and 2,886 mg of Mn/kg of T. domingensis, respectively. However, should Cu, Zn and Mn in AMD increase to 3 mg/L, then 18.6 kg of Cu and 11.8 kg of Zn, respectively, will be assimilated in 35 years, whereas no substantial increase in absorption for Mn would occur. This indicates that 91 mg of Cu, 96 mg of Zn and 2917 mg of Mn will be assimilated for every kg of T. domingensis in the wetland. The best option for Cu storage would be to construct a wetland of 50,000 m2area (AMD = 0.367 mg/L of Cu), which would capture 14.1 kg of Cu in 43 years, eventually releasing only 3.9 kg of Cu downstream. Simulations performed for a WA of 30,000 m2indicate that for AMD = 0.367 mg/L of Zn, the wetland captures 6.2 kg, releasing only 3.5 kg downstream after 43 years; the concentration of Zn in the leachate would be 10.2 kg, making this the most efficient wetland amongst the options considered for phytoremediating Zn. This work will help mine managers and environmental researchers in developing an effective environmental management plan by focusing on phytoremediation, with a view at extracting Cu, Zn and Mn from the contaminated sites.
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Page A, Atkinson JA, Heffernan M, McDonnell G, Hickie I. A decision-support tool to inform Australian strategies for preventing suicide and suicidal behaviour. Public Health Res Pract 2017; 27:2721717. [PMID: 28474054 DOI: 10.17061/phrp2721717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic simulation modelling is increasingly being recognised as a valuable decision-support tool to help guide investments and actions to address complex public health issues such as suicide. In particular, participatory system dynamics (SD) modelling provides a useful tool for asking high-level 'what if' questions, and testing the likely impacts of different combinations of policies and interventions at an aggregate level before they are implemented in the real world. We developed an SD model for suicide prevention in Australia, and investigated the hypothesised impacts over the next 10 years (2015-2025) of a combination of current intervention strategies proposed for population interventions in Australia: 1) general practitioner (GP) training, 2) coordinated aftercare in those who have attempted suicide, 3) school-based mental health literacy programs, 4) brief-contact interventions in hospital settings, and 5) psychosocial treatment approaches. Findings suggest that the largest reductions in suicide were associated with GP training (6%) and coordinated aftercare approaches (4%), with total reductions of 12% for all interventions combined. This paper highlights the value of dynamic modelling methods for managing complexity and uncertainty, and demonstrates their potential use as a decision-support tool for policy makers and program planners for community suicide prevention actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Page
- Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia,
| | - Jo-An Atkinson
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Geoff McDonnell
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sax Institute, Sydney, NSW
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Griffiths C, Reich K, Lebwohl M, Van De Kerkhof P, Paul C, Menter A, Cameron G, Erickson J, Zhang L, Secrest R, Ball S, Braun D, Osuntokun O, Heffernan M, Nickoloff B, Papp K. Essai de phase 3 comparant l’ixekizumab au placebo et à l’étanercept dans le traitement du psoriasis en plaques modéré à sévère : résultats de la période d’induction de 12 semaines de l’essai UNCOVER-2. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2015.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lee L, Heffernan M, McDonnell G, Short SD, Naganathan V. A system dynamics modelling approach to studying the increasing prevalence of people with intellectual developmental disorders in New South Wales. AUST HEALTH REV 2015; 40:235-243. [PMID: 26456551 DOI: 10.1071/ah14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence count of people with intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) in New South Wales (NSW) in 2003, by age groups, and to forecast their prevalence until 2043. Methods Administrative data obtained from NSW government departments of education, pensions, health and disability were used to profile the number of people whose characteristics met the criteria for 'intellectual developmental disorders' who had received services in 2003. These figures were compared with published tables of NSW data from the national self-report Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDAC) of 2003 to estimate the likely prevalence of people with intellectual developmental disorders, by age groups in that year. The results were then used as baseline figures in a computational system dynamics model of the aging chain of people with these disorders, built to project prevalence to 2043. Results The number of people who met the criteria for having intellectual developmental disorder in NSW in 2003 was estimated to be 57000 (a ratio of 85 per 10000), with 32000 aged 0-15 years, 15000 aged 16-39 years, 9000 aged 40-64 years and 1000 aged 65+ years. Using these figures as baseline, the computer simulation predicted a total increase to 77225 people in 2013 and 135905 people by 2043. By 2043, the number of children with intellectual developmental disorders will have doubled, from 32000 to 59480, and the number of adults will have tripled, from 25000 to 76420. Conclusions This modelling technique forecast an increase in the prevalence count of people with intellectual developmental disorders in NSW over the period 2003-43 from 57000 (85 per 10000) to 135905 (135 per 10000). These predictions may have important implications for the planning of specialist health services for this group of people. What is known about the topic? The prevalence ratio of people with intellectual developmental disorders is quoted at lying between 1% and 2% of the Australian population, depending on the definition adopted. It is known that life expectancy for this group of people is increasing. Many people with intellectual developmental disorders have multiple service demands and there is a need to understand the prevalence count in various age groups in order to plan effectively for their health service needs. What does this paper add? This paper confirms a NSW prevalence ratio of people with intellectual developmental disorders of approximately 0.85% for the purposes of specialist health service planning at the beginning of the 21st century, and this is predicted to increase to 1.35% over a 40-year period. The paper demonstrates that there will be significant growth in the number of adults surviving to old age between 2003 and 2043. What are the implications for practitioners? It is known that as people with intellectual developmental disorders age, their health promoting care needs increase, as do their dependencies on special supports. Planning for the allocation of resources associated with the welfare and healthcare of people with intellectual developmental disorders may need to be focused on this anticipated increase in the number of older people with the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Lee
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, 160 Oxford Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Heffernan
- Dynamic Operations, 5/10 Surfview Road, Mona Vale, NSW 2103, Australia. Email
| | - Geoffrey McDonnell
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, AGSM Building, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. Email
| | - Stephanie D Short
- Discipline of Behavioural and Social Sciences in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia. Email
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia. Email
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Saeki H, Nakagawa H, Ishii T, Morisaki Y, Aoki T, Berclaz PY, Heffernan M. Efficacy and safety of open-label ixekizumab treatment in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis and generalized pustular psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:1148-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Saeki
- Department of Dermatology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology; The Jikei University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Ishii
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly Japan K.K.; Kobe Japan
| | - Y. Morisaki
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly Japan K.K.; Kobe Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly Japan K.K.; Kobe Japan
| | - P.-Y. Berclaz
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - M. Heffernan
- Lilly Research Laboratories; Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN USA
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Ilia E, Metcalfe K, Heffernan M. Prevalence of dental trauma and use of mouthguards in rugby union players. Aust Dent J 2014; 59:473-81. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Ilia
- Private Dental Practice; Turramurra New South Wales
| | - K Metcalfe
- Westmead Centre for Oral Health; Westmead New South Wales
| | - M Heffernan
- Discipline of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Sydney; Camperdown New South Wales
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Gandhi S, Zile B, Tan M, Saranu J, Bucci C, Yan A, Robertson P, Quantz M, Letovsky E, Tanguay J, Dery J, Fitchett D, Madan M, Cantor W, Heffernan M, Natarajan M, Wong G, Welsh R, Traboulsi M, Goodman S. Underutilization of Newer Guideline-Recommended Oral Antiplatelet Therapy: Insights From the Canadian Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Reflective. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Russo J, Goodman S, Cantor W, Fitchett D, Heffernan M, Borgundvaag B, Ducas J, Cohen E, Džavík V, Mehta S, Buller C, Yan A. Efficacy and Safety of a Routine Pharmacoinvasive Strategy After Fibrinolysis Stratified by Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA Inhibitor Use: A Pre-Specified Subgroup Analysis of the Transfer-AMI Trial. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Atkinson M, Bevan R, Becker S, Breitz L, Brennan P, Crisp J, Etherton C, Ellis R, Feran K, Frazer E, Freiburger P, Garber K, Geekie M, Giedrys-Leeper E, Greenwall L, Grundy B, Heffernan M, Hetherington I, Hill G, Kidd A, Moxham D, Olesen N, Paolella T, Roland S, Safdar N, Stalker K, Starrs P, Stephanakis C, Tant R, Tibbott B, Tipton D, Wade J, Wadhawani R, Wise M, Wozniak R. Commercialism in marketing. Br Dent J 2006; 200:124-5. [PMID: 16474320 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4813243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kulczycki A, Nelson M, Eisen A, Heffernan M. Scleromyxoedema: treatment of cutaneous and systemic manifestations with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Br J Dermatol 2004; 149:1276-81. [PMID: 14674909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scleromyxoedema is a rare disease characterized by cutaneous sclerosis, mucin deposition and paraproteinaemia. Internal disease is common, particularly musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and central nervous system involvement. We report a series of three consecutive patients with scleromyxoedema treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (hdIVIg). Each of the three patients had relatively low levels of a highly basic IgG-lambda paraprotein, and each has demonstrated a sustained response of both their cutaneous and extracutaneous disease to hdIVIg. As all patients had perioral skin involvement and microstomia, one measure of cutaneous improvement was the increase in intraincisor distance. Extracutaneous manifestations of scleromyxoedema that improved included ureteral stricture, vocal strength and dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kulczycki
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington School of Medicine. St Louis, MO, U.S.A.
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Abstract
Over a period of 54 months, 3518 dogs and 3806 cats were castrated; 240 of the dogs and 50 of the cats were cryptorchid. Pedigree dogs, in particular the German shepherd dog, boxer and chihuahua were over-represented. Among the dogs, right-sided inguinal cryptorchidism was the most common form, followed by right-sided abdominal cryptorchidism. The location of the affected testicle(s) was most variable in the boxer. Among the cats, left- or right-sided inguinal cryptorchidism were the most common forms of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yates
- RSPCA Greater Manchester Animal Hospital, 411 Eccles New Road, Salford M5 5NN
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Heffernan M, Summers RJ, Thorburn A, Ogru E, Gianello R, Jiang WJ, Ng FM. The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice. Endocrinology 2001; 142:5182-9. [PMID: 11713213 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both human GH (hGH) and a lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) synthesized from its C-terminus are capable of inducing weight loss and increasing lipolytic sensitivity following long-term treatment in mice. One mechanism by which this may occur is through an interaction with the beta-adrenergic pathway, particularly with the beta(3)-adrenergic receptors (beta(3)-AR). Here we describe how hGH and AOD9604 can reduce body weight and body fat in obese mice following 14 d of chronic ip administration. These results correlate with increases in the level of expression of beta(3)-AR RNA, the major lipolytic receptor found in fat cells. Importantly, both hGH and AOD9604 are capable of increasing the repressed levels of beta(3)-AR RNA in obese mice to levels comparable with those in lean mice. The importance of beta(3)-AR was verified when long-term treatment with hGH and AOD9604 in beta(3)-AR knock-out mice failed to produce the change in body weight and increase in lipolysis that was observed in wild-type control mice. However, in an acute experiment, AOD9604 was capable of increasing energy expenditure and fat oxidation in the beta(3)-AR knock-out mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the lipolytic actions of both hGH and AOD9604 are not mediated directly through the beta(3)-AR although both compounds increase beta(3)-AR expression, which may subsequently contribute to enhanced lipolytic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heffernan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia 3800
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Yates D, Heffernan M, Beynon R. Cryptorchidism in cats. Vet Rec 2001; 149:220. [PMID: 11548966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Ogru E, Wilson JC, Heffernan M, Jiang WJ, Chalmers DK, Libinaki R, Ng F. The conformational and biological analysis of a cyclic anti-obesity peptide from the C-terminal domain of human growth hormone. J Pept Res 2000; 56:388-97. [PMID: 11152298 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2000.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional solution structure of antiobesity drug (AOD), a 15-residue, disulfide-bonded, cyclic peptide, cyclo(6,13)-H2N-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe-OH, derived from the C-terminal domain of the human growth hormone (hGH) (residues 177-191) was determined using two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. AOD stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis, in vitro, in rodent, porcine and human adipose tissues. These biological effects suggest that AOD is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity. Conformational studies of AOD were conducted in aqueous solution and in water/dimethylsulfoxide mixtures. In general, spectral quality was superior in the water/ dimethylsulfoxide mixtures. The cyclic region of AOD in water/dimethylsulfoxide adopts type I beta-turns at residues Ser8-Val9-Glu10-Gly11 and Ser12-Cys13-Gly14-Phe15, each preceded by loop-like structures. Comparison of the conformation of this peptide with residues 177-191 in the native hGH protein X-ray crystal structure indicates that the synthetic peptide retains some structural similarity to the intact protein. This study provides evidence that the C-terminal region of hGH is a specific functional domain of the multifunctional hGH protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ogru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Lipton A, Theriault RL, Hortobagyi GN, Simeone J, Knight RD, Mellars K, Reitsma DJ, Heffernan M, Seaman JJ. Pamidronate prevents skeletal complications and is effective palliative treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic bone metastases: long term follow-up of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Cancer 2000; 88:1082-90. [PMID: 10699899 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(20000301)88:5<1082::aid-cncr20>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pamidronate therapy previously has been shown to reduce skeletal complications effectively for up to 12 months in breast carcinoma patients with bone metastases. The current study data provide further follow-up results regarding the effects of long term (up to 24 months) pamidronate treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic metastases. METHODS Follow-up results from two prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trials conducted at academic and community oncology centers were combined to provide a large data set with which to evaluate the long term efficacy and safety of pamidronate therapy. Seven hundred fifty-four women with Stage IV breast carcinoma and osteolytic metastases were randomized to the 2 treatment arms of the trial. Three patients were excluded from the intent-to-treat population for the analysis. A total of 751 evaluable patients were randomized to receive either a 90-mg intravenous pamidronate infusion (367 patients) or a placebo infusion (384 patients) every 3-4 weeks. The primary outcome measures were skeletal morbidity rate (events/year), proportion of patients developing a skeletal complication, and time to first skeletal complication. RESULTS Of the 367 women receiving pamidronate, 115 (31.3%) completed the trial and 81 (22.1%) discontinued the study due to adverse events. Of the 384 women who received placebo, 100 (26.0%) completed the study and 76 (19.8%) discontinued the study due to adverse events. The skeletal morbidity rate was 2.4 in the pamidronate group and 3.7 in the placebo group (P < 0.001). In the pamidronate group, 186 of the 367 patients (51%) had skeletal complications compared with 246 of the 384 patients in the placebo group (64%) (P < 0.001). The median time to first skeletal complication was 12.7 months in the pamidronate group and 7 months in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Six patients treated with pamidronate discontinued treatment due to drug-related adverse events. Pain and analgesic scores were significantly worse in the placebo group compared with those patients in the pamidronate group. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, monthly infusions of 90 mg of pamidronate as a supplement to antineoplastic therapy were found to be well tolerated and superior to antineoplastic therapy alone in preventing skeletal complications and palliating symptoms for at least 24 months in breast carcinoma patients with osteolytic bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lipton
- Hematology/Oncology Division, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Ignjatovic V, Ogru E, Heffernan M, Libinaki R, Lim Y, Ng F. Studies on the use of "slimax", a chinese herbal mixture, in the treatment of human obesity. Pharm Biol 2000; 38:30-35. [PMID: 21214436 DOI: 10.1076/1388-0209(200001)3811-bft030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical preparation known as "Slimax" was administered orally to human volunteers for a six week period, using a double-blind experimental method. This preparation is an aqueous extract of the Chinese medicinal plants Hordeum vulgare , Polygonatum multiflorum , Dimocarpus longan , Ligusticum sinense , Lilium brownii and Zingiber officinale . Treatment with Slimax resulted in a significant decrease in parameters such as body weight, waist and hip circumference, and Body Mass Index (BMI), in all subjects tested. The basis of action was shown to be through modification of lipid metabolism, with significant effects on both the accumulation and the release of lipid from adipose tissue. The experimental results indicate a great potential for the use of this herbal preparation in treatment of human obesity.
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Libinaki R, Heffernan M, Jiang WJ, Ogru E, Ignjatovic V, Gianello R, Trickey L, Taylor M, Ng F. Effects of genetic and diet-induced obesity on lipid metabolism. IUBMB Life 1999; 48:109-13. [PMID: 10791924 DOI: 10.1080/713803473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6J obese (ob/ob) and lean mice fed ad libitum on a normal mouse chow diet (Normal), were compared with lean mice of the same age and strain fed ad libitum on a high-fat diet, consisting of the Normal diet with the addition of beef lard (Lard), from age 3 months for 34 days. The lard-fed mice were seen to have significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight in this 34-day period than that of the other two groups fed on the Normal diet. Epididymal fat depot and adipocyte cell size were significantly larger (P<0.05) in the Lard-fed lean mice and in the obese (ob/ob) mice than were those of the Normal-fed lean mice. Dietary Lard intake did not significantly affect concentrations of plasma triglyceride although those of plasma cholesterol were significantly increased (P<0.05). The development of obesity in these Lard-fed mice appeared to be accelerated and significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Libinaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Libinaki R, Heffernan M, Jiang WJ, Ogru E, Ignjatovic V, Gianello R, Trickey L, Taylor M, Ng F. Effects of Genetic and Diet-Induced Obesity on Lipid Metabolism. IUBMB Life 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/152165499307503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Theriault RL, Lipton A, Hortobagyi GN, Leff R, Glück S, Stewart JF, Costello S, Kennedy I, Simeone J, Seaman JJ, Knight RD, Mellars K, Heffernan M, Reitsma DJ. Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:846-54. [PMID: 10071275 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.3.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether pamidronate can reduce the frequency of skeletal morbidity in women with lytic bone metastases from breast cancer treated with hormone therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred seventy-two women with breast cancer who had at least one lytic bone lesion and who were receiving hormonal therapy were randomized to receive 90 mg of pamidronate or placebo as a 2-hour intravenous infusion given in double-blind fashion every 4 weeks for 24 cycles. Patients were evaluated for skeletal complications: pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, irradiation of or surgery on bone, or hypercalcemia. The skeletal morbidity rate (the ratio of the number of skeletal complications to the time on trial) was the primary efficacy variable. Bone pain, use of analgesics, quality of life, performance status, bone tumor response, and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS One hundred eighty-two patients who received pamidronate and 189 who received placebo were assessable. The skeletal morbidity rate was significantly reduced at 12, 18, and 24 cycles in patients treated with 90 mg of pamidronate (P = .028, .023, and .008, respectively). At 24 cycles, the proportion of patients having had any skeletal complication was 56% in the pamidronate group and 67% in the placebo group (P = .027). The time to the first skeletal complication was longer for patients receiving pamidronate than for those given placebo (P = .049). There was no statistical difference in survival or in objective bone response rate. Pamidronate was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Treatment with 90 mg of pamidronate as a 2-hour intravenous infusion every 4 weeks in addition to hormonal therapy significantly reduces skeletal morbidity from osteolytic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Theriault
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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Hortobagyi GN, Theriault RL, Lipton A, Porter L, Blayney D, Sinoff C, Wheeler H, Simeone JF, Seaman JJ, Knight RD, Heffernan M, Mellars K, Reitsma DJ. Long-term prevention of skeletal complications of metastatic breast cancer with pamidronate. Protocol 19 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:2038-44. [PMID: 9626201 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.6.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pamidronate, an aminobisphosphonate, has been shown to lower the risk of skeletal complications associated with lytic bone lesions for up to 1 year in women with stage IV breast cancer who received chemotherapy. We studied the long-term effectiveness and safety of continued treatment with intravenous pamidronate infusions for up to 2 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred eighty-two women with metastatic breast cancer and lytic bone lesions who received chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either 90 mg of pamidronate or placebo intravenously every 3 to 4 weeks in this double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group trial. Patients were evaluated monthly for 2 years for skeletal complications, which included pathologic fractures, need for radiation or surgery to treat bone complications, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. Bone pain, analgesic use, bone biochemical markers, performance status, quality of life, radiologic response in bone, and survival were also evaluated. RESULTS As in the first year of treatment, the proportion of patients with any skeletal complication was significantly less for the pamidronate than the placebo group at 15, 18, 21, and 24 months (P < .001). The proportions of patients with any pathologic fracture (i.e., vertebral and nonvertebral fractures), need for radiation or surgery to treat bone complications, and hypercalcemia were also statistically less for the pamidronate than the placebo group. The median time to the first skeletal complication was 13.9 months in the pamidronate-treated women and 7.0 months in the placebo group (P < .001). Long-term treatment did not result in any unexpected adverse events. Survival did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION The risk for osteolytic bone lesion complications in metastatic breast cancer was significantly decreased with monthly infusions of 90 mg of pamidronate, and this effect was maintained for at least 2 years. Pamidronate is a useful adjunct to standard chemotherapy in the palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L, Dimopoulos MA, Bordoni R, George S, Lipton A, Keller A, Ballester O, Kovacs M, Blacklock H, Bell R, Simeone JF, Reitsma DJ, Heffernan M, Seaman J, Knight RD. Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events. Myeloma Aredia Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:593-602. [PMID: 9469347 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.2.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and safety of 21 monthly cycles of pamidronate therapy in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage III myeloma and at least one lytic lesion received either placebo or pamidronate 90 mg intravenously administered as a 4-hour infusion monthly for 21 cycles. At study entry, the patients were stratified according to whether they were to receive first-line (stratum 1) or second-line (stratum 2) antimyeloma chemotherapy. Skeletal events (pathologic fracture, radiation or surgery to bone, and spinal cord compression) and hypercalcemia were assessed monthly. RESULTS The results of the first nine previously reported cycles are extended to 21 cycles. Of the 392 randomized patients, efficacy could be evaluated in 198 who received pamidronate and 179 who received placebo. After 21 cycles, the proportion of patients who developed any skeletal event was lower in the pamidronate-group (P = .015). The mean number of skeletal events per year was less in the pamidronate-group (1.3) than in placebo-treated patients (2.2; P = .008). Although survival was not different between the pamidronate-treated group and placebo patients overall, stratum 2 patients who received pamidronate lived longer than those who received placebo (14 v 21 months, P = .041). Pamidronate was safe and well tolerated during the 21 cycles of therapy. CONCLUSION Long-term monthly infusions of pamidronate as an adjunct to chemotherapy are superior to chemotherapy alone in reducing skeletal events in stage III multiple myeloma patients, and may improve the survival of patients on salvage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Berenson
- West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 90073, USA.
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Clarke H, Egan DA, Heffernan M, Doyle S, Byrne C, Kilty C, Ryan MP. Alpha-glutathione s-transferase (alpha-GST) release, an early indicator of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in the rat. Hum Exp Toxicol 1997; 16:154-7. [PMID: 9088968 DOI: 10.1177/096032719701600304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. The use of the cytoplasmic enzyme, alpha glutathione s-transferase (alpha-GST) as an early index of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity in the rat was investigated and compared with a standard enzyme, marker, aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 in the rat were determined in a time and dose-response study. 2. Following CCl4 exposure, alpha-GST release was shown to be an earlier and more sensitive biomarker of hepatotoxicity than AST. 3. Significant increases in alpha-GST were detected 2 h after CCl4 exposure. Using the enzyme marker AST, this early hepatotoxic injury went undetected. At 6 and 16 h, alpha-GST was also a more sensitive indicator of hepatotoxicity than AST. 4. alpha-GST release was significantly increased at a dose of 5 microliters/kg, the lowest concentration of CCl4 administered and clearly responded in a dose-dependent manner with increasing doses of CCl4. In contrast, release of AST did not reach statistical significance until a dose of 25 microliters/kg. 5. Thus, these findings indicate that alpha-GST is a more sensitive and more accurate reflector of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity than AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Heffernan M. The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 and the National Practitioner Data Bank: the controversy over practitioner privacy versus public access. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1996; 84:263-9. [PMID: 8826636 PMCID: PMC299426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Heffernan
- School of Information Science and Policy, Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, State University of New york at Albany 12222, USA
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Abstract
Palladium-103 (Pd-103) is introduced in brachytherapy procedures because of its favorable physical properties, including its low energy, rapid dose fall-off, short half-life, and total cumulative dose delivery at a higher dose rate than iodine-125 (I-125) isotope. Intraoperative brachytherapy using I-125 pellets was reported to provide significant palliation and meaningful prolongation of life in highly selected patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas. After considering some of the advantages of Pd-103 over I-125, we designed a phase I-II clinical trial to assess the feasibility of intraoperative Pd-103 in unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas to study the related morbidity when combined with chemotherapy and external beam radiation, and to evaluate the impact on palliation and local control rates. Between December 1989 and December 1993, 15 patients with biopsy-proven unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were treated with interstitial Pd-103 implants during laparotomy. In 13 patients the lesion was located in the head of the pancreas, in one patient in the uncinate process, and in one patient in the body of the pancreas. The stage distribution was as follows: T1 = 2; T2 = 6, and T3 = 7. In addition, all patients underwent biliary and gastric bypass. The mean number of Pd-103 pellets was 45; the mean total activity to obtain a matched peripheral dose (MPD) of 11,000 cGy was 68.9 mCi. The mean tumor volume encompassing the MPD was 16.5 cc. All patients received postoperative external beam radiation (4,500 cGy over 4 1/2 weeks) and chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C). This combined treatment, consisting of intraoperative brachytherapy using Pd-103 and postoperative external beam radiation with chemotherapy, was well tolerated in all patients. These were no treatment-related mortalities, and no serious complications, such as bleeding or fistula formation. Pain relief was obtained within 3-6 weeks in 10 out of 12 patients presenting with pain. Survival ranged from 6 to 24 months (median 10 months). The study suggests that Pd-103 can be considered an alternative to I-125 for interstitial brachytherapy for unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas. Symptom relief appeared to occur faster and complications are significantly less. However, this study did not show any improvement in the median survival rate over I-125 due to the advanced stage cancer in the majority of patients in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, Flushing, New York 11355-5095, USA
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Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L, Dimopoulos MA, Bordoni R, George S, Lipton A, Keller A, Ballester O, Kovacs MJ, Blacklock HA, Bell R, Simeone J, Reitsma DJ, Heffernan M, Seaman J, Knight RD. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Myeloma Aredia Study Group. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:488-93. [PMID: 8559201 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199602223340802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal complications are a major clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma. These complications are caused by soluble factors that stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone. Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate inhibit osteoclastic activity and reduce bone resorption. METHODS Patients with stage III multiple myeloma and at least one lytic lesion received either placebo or pamidronate (90 mg) as a four-hour intravenous infusion given every four weeks for nine cycles in addition to antimyeloma therapy. The patients were stratified according to whether they were receiving first-line (stratum 1) or second-line (stratum 2) antimyeloma chemotherapy at entry into the study. Skeletal events (pathologic fracture, irradiation of or surgery on bone, and spinal cord compression), hypercalcemia (symptoms or a serum calcium concentration > or = 12 mg per deciliter [3.0 mmol per liter]), bone pain, analgesic-drug use, performance status, and quality of life were assessed monthly. RESULTS Among 392 treated patients, the efficacy of treatment could be evaluated in 196 who received pamidronate and 181 who received placebo. The proportion of patients who had any skeletal events was significantly lower in the pamidronate group (24 percent) than in the placebo group (41 percent, P < 0.001), and the reduction was evident in both stratum 1 (P = 0.04) and stratum 2 (P = 0.004). The patients who received pamidronate had significant decreases in bone pain and no deterioration in performance status and quality of life. Pamidronate was tolerated well. CONCLUSIONS Monthly infusions of pamidronate provide significant protection against skeletal complications and improve the quality of life of patients with stage III multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Berenson
- West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA 90073, USA
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Gucalp R, Theriault R, Gill I, Madajewicz S, Chapman R, Navari R, Ahmann F, Zelenakas K, Heffernan M, Knight RD. Treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia. Double-blind comparison of rapid and slow intravenous infusion regimens of pamidronate disodium and saline alone. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154:1935-44. [PMID: 8074597 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.154.17.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the effects of 60-mg single doses of pamidronate disodium compared with saline alone in the treatment of cancer-associated hypercalcemia. METHODS After pretreatment hydration, patients with corrected serum calcium concentrations of 3.0 mmol/L (12 mg/dL) or greater secondary to cancer were randomized to double-blind treatment with a single infusion of pamidronate disodium, 60 mg, over either 4 or 24 hours or continued infusions of 0.9% saline alone (n = 23 per group). Corrected serum calcium levels were measured daily for 7 days of inpatient evaluation. RESULTS Response rates for both of the pamidronate regimens were significantly (P < .05) higher than that for saline alone. A complete response to treatment (corrected serum calcium concentration normalized) was observed for five (22%), 18 (78%), and 14 (61%) patients, respectively, who received saline alone, 4-hour infusion of pamidronate, and 24-hour infusion of pamidronate. There were no significant differences between the two pamidronate regimens. Median durations of complete response were 6, 6, and 11 days, respectively, and median times to relapse (includes complete plus partial responders and nonresponders) were 0, 7, and 7 days, respectively. Pamidronate was well tolerated as assessed by all clinical and laboratory measures, regardless of the time of infusion. CONCLUSIONS A 4-hour infusion of pamidronate disodium, 60 mg, was as safe and effective as a 24-hour infusion, and both were superior to saline alone in lowering corrected serum calcium concentrations in patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gucalp
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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Heffernan M, Chance A, Hess EV, Highsmith RF, FitzGerald O. Alterations in human endothelial cell morphology, proliferation and function by a macrophage-derived factor. Ir J Med Sci 1994; 163:359-65. [PMID: 8002260 DOI: 10.1007/bf02942828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Changes in endothelial cell (EC) morphology occur at sites of physiological lymphocyte traffic and in areas of chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown that EC shape changes also occur in vitro following exposure of EC monolayers to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived conditioned media (CM). In the present study, quantitative image analysis is used to define the cell of origin of the elongating factor(s), to examine changes in EC proliferation and function accompanying PBMC-induced human EC elongation and to identify the active PBMC-derived products responsible for this elongation. By separating mononuclear cells into subpopulations (macrophages, B cells and T cells) and adding conditioned media derived from these subpopulations to cultured ECs, the macrophage (M phi) is shown to be the primary cell of origin of the elongating factor(s). Furthermore, EC elongation is accompanied by both a dose-dependent decrease in cellular proliferation and an increase in prostacyclin production. These findings suggest that PBMC-induced changes in EC morphology may be associated with a shift from a proliferative state to a more secretory phase of the EC cycle. Finally, using recombinant factors it is shown that TNF alpha acting in combination with IL-1 may be the active PBMC-derived products which contribute to EC elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heffernan
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Fode C, Motro B, Yousefi S, Heffernan M, Dennis JW. Sak, a murine protein-serine/threonine kinase that is related to the Drosophila polo kinase and involved in cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:6388-92. [PMID: 8022793 PMCID: PMC44207 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.14.6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have isolated murine cDNAs encoding two isoforms of a putative protein-serine/threonine kinase, designated Sak-a and Sak-b, which differ in their noncatalytic C-terminal ends. The kinase domain of Sak is related to the catalytic domains of the Drosophila polo, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC5, and murine Snk and Plk kinases, a family of proteins for which a role in controlling cell proliferation has been established (polo, CDC5) or implicated (Snk, Plk). Northern and in situ RNA analyses of Sak gene expression in mouse embryos and adult tissues revealed that expression was associated with mitotic and meiotic cell division. In addition, during embryogenesis, Sak expression was prominent in the respiratory and olfactory mucosa. The pattern of Sak expression and its sequence homology with the polo gene family suggest that the Sak kinase may play a role in cell proliferation. In support of this, cell growth was suppressed by expression of a Sak-a-antisense fragment in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fode
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
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Abstract
Adult Fasciola hepatica secrete a cysteine proteinase capable of cleaving host IgG close to the papain cleaving site. The proteinase was separated by size permeation chromatography. Gelatin-substrate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the proteinase migrates as 6 proteolytic bands in the apparent molecular size range 60-90 kDa. Based on pH profiles of activity, inhibition studies using diethylpyrocarbonate and the diazomethylketone Z-phe-ala-CHN2, and characterising the substrate specificity of the enzymes using fluorogenic peptide substrates we have shown that the 60-90-kDa proteinases are cathepsin L-like proteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland
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Schalch DS, Turman NJ, Marcsisin VS, Heffernan M, Guler HP. Short-term effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I on metabolic control of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77:1563-8. [PMID: 8263142 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.77.6.8263142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) lowers blood glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, and lipid levels in healthy and diabetic animals and humans. We hypothesized that rhIGF-I might control blood glucose levels and concomitantly reduce pancreatic insulin secretion in patients with type II diabetes. If true, rhIGF-I might serve as a therapeutic agent that could mitigate some of the detrimental effects of hyperinsulinemia secondary to insulin resistance in these patients. In this study, we treated 12 patients with type II diabetes mellitus twice daily for 5 days with sc rhIGF-I in doses of 90, 120, or 160 micrograms/kg body weight. Metabolic parameters in the fasting and postprandial states were assessed during a 3-day baseline period, the rhIGF-I treatment period, and a 3-day follow-up period, respectively. Administration of rhIGF-I significantly reduced mean (+/- SD) concentrations of fasting blood glucose (12.3 +/- 4.5 to 9.1 +/- 2.6 mmol/L), serum insulin (98 +/- 52 to 56 +/- 27 pmol/L), and C-peptide (993 +/- 298 to 728 +/- 232 pmol/L). It also decreased postprandial (area under the curve) blood glucose (32.5 +/- 12.7 to 23.9 +/- 8.1 mmol/L.h), serum insulin (1102 +/- 707 to 467 +/- 332 pmol/L.h), and C-peptide (5958 +/- 2747 to 3442 +/- 1523 pmol/L.h). The administration of rhIGF-I was also associated with a small but significant reduction in serum triglycerides (6.76 +/- 3.45 to 5.32 +/- 2.59 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (6.13 +/- 1.25 to 5.66 +/- 1.20 mmol/L), 24-h creatinine clearance increased significantly (85 +/- 30 to 133 +/- 51 mL/min), and microalbuminuria was unchanged. Although rhIGF-I was reasonably well tolerated, side effects included low-grade edema, mild and mainly asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension, and bilateral temporomandibular tenderness. We conclude that short-term treatment of type II diabetic patients with rhIGF-I favorably affects metabolic control and enhances kidney function. An assessment of the risk/benefit ratio of rhIGF-I administration to this group of patients awaits extended experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Schalch
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792
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Mulherin D, FitzGerald O, Bresnihan B, Yanni G, Farahat M, Posten R, Panayi GS, Abuzakouk M, Feighery C, Casey E, Weir D, Farrelly CO, Bell AL, Magill KM, McKane JR, Kirk F, Irvine AE, Kelleher D, Hall N, Murphy A, Long A, O’Farrelly C, Casey EB, McCarthy J, Cushnaghan JJ, Dieppe PA, O’Duffy JD, Lie JT, Ehman R, Engel AG, Sitiny M, Ryan J, Plunkett P, Jackson J, O’Connell PG, Siegel KL, Stanhope S, Gerber LH, Phelan MJI, Williams C, Williams J, Smith T, Ghadiali E, Bucknall R, Golding DN, McCarthy C, Cushnaghan J, Dieppe P, Eustace S, Griffin S, Legge D, O’Byrne J, Breathnach E, Beausang O, Stack J, Stephens MM, Srinivasan U, Harrison M, Coughlan B, Heffernan M, Foley-Nolan D, Rowbotham D, Kearney M, O’Mally A, Dyson H, Martin M, Hassan J, Fitzgerald MX, Whelan A, Camilleri F, Cunnane G, Arora A, Bonnar J, Chua A, Keeling PWN, Lynch M, Garrahy A, Mulcahy FM, Sant S, Cahill R, Gilvarry J, Beattie S, Hamilton H, O’Morain C, Mulcahy D, McDermott M, Molloy MG, Cashin P, McConneir F, O’Gara F, McCabe M, Brophy D, Gibney R, Choy E, Kingsley GH, Wallace E, Forde AM, Feighery D, Sim RB, Donnelly S, Lau S, Veal D, McLaren M, Bancroft AJ, Belch JJF, Coughlan RJ, Crockard AD, Thompson JM, McBride SJ, Edgar JD, McNeill TA, Campbell A, Byrne J, Hough Y, Hunt J, Lynch MP, Nuallain EMO, Monaghan H, Reen DJ, Winska-Wiloch H, Isenberg DA. Irish association of rheumatology & rehabilitation. Ir J Med Sci 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02960730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Heffernan M, Lotan R, Amos B, Palcic M, Takano R, Dennis JW. Branching beta 1-6N-acetylglucosaminetransferases and polylactosamine expression in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells and differentiated counterparts. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:1242-51. [PMID: 8419327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
beta-All-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-induced endodermal differentiation of mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells is accompanied by changes in glycoprotein glycosylation, including expression of i antigen (i.e. polylactosamine) and leukophytohemagglutinin-reactive oligosaccharides (i.e. -GlcNAc beta 1-6Man alpha 1-6-branched N-linked). We have used the F9 teratocarcinoma cells as a model to study developmental regulation of glycosyltransferase activities which are responsible for the biosynthesis of beta 1-6GlcNAc-branched N- and O-linked oligosaccharides and polylactosamine. Growth of F9 cells in the presence of 10(-6) M RA for 4 days increased core 2 GlcNAc transferase and GlcNAc transferase V activities by 13- and 6-fold, respectively, whereas the activities of GlcNAc transferase I, beta 1-3GlcNAc transferase (i), beta 1-4Gal transferase, and beta 1-3Gal transferase increased 2-4-fold. Induction of glycosyltransferase activities by RA was dose-dependent and showed a biphasic response with approximately half of the increase observed 3 days after RA treatment and the remainder occurred by day 4. PYS-2, a parietal endoderm cell line, showed levels of glycosyltransferase activities similar to those of RA-treated F9 cells. Glycosyltransferase activities in the RA-resistant F9 cell line (RA-3-10) were low and showed only a small induction by RA. These observations suggest that differentiation of F9 cells is closely associated with induction of multiple glycosyltransferase activities, with most pronounced increases in GlcNAc transferase V and 2',5'-tetradenylate (core 2) GlcNAc transferase. The increase in GlcNAc transferase V was also reflected by the 4-6-fold increase in the binding of 125I-leukophytohemagglutinin to several cellular glycoproteins, which occurred after 3 days of RA treatment. The endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive polylactosamine content of membrane glycoproteins and, in particular, the LAMP-1 glycoprotein was markedly increased after RA treatment of F9 cells. Consistent with these observations, fucosylated polylactosamine (i.e. dimeric Lex) was also increased in RA-treated cells. Analysis of the aryl oligosaccharides produced by F9 cells cultured in the presence of aryl alpha-D-GalNAc showed that RA treatment enhanced the synthesis of disialyl core 2 O-linked oligosaccharides and increased the polylactosamine content of the aryl oligosaccharides by > 20-fold. The results suggest that differentiation of F9 cells into endoderm is closely associated with increased GlcNAc transferase V and core 2 GlcNAc transferase activities, enzymes which control the level of beta 1-6GlcNAc-branched N- and O-linked oligosaccharides, the preferred substrates for polylactosamine addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heffernan
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Heffernan M, Lotan R, Amos B, Palcic M, Takano R, Dennis J. Branching beta 1-6N-acetylglucosaminetransferases and polylactosamine expression in mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cells and differentiated counterparts. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Heffernan M, Smith A, Curtain D, McDonnell S, Ryan J, Dalton JP. Characterisation of a cathepsin-B proteinase released by Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke). Biochem Soc Trans 1991; 19:27S. [PMID: 2037164 DOI: 10.1042/bst019027s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Heffernan
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland
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Heffernan M, Dennis JW. Polyoma and hamster papovavirus large T antigen-mediated replication of expression shuttle vectors in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:85-92. [PMID: 2011514 PMCID: PMC333537 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic expression vectors have been used successfully in viral LT-expressing cell lines (ie. COS) to clone cDNAs encoding proteins that can be detected through their bio-activity or reactivity with specific antibodies. Since Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) have been used extensively for the isolation and characterization of somatic cell mutants, we felt it would be an advantage to develop an expression cloning system in CHO cells. We have modified the eukaryotic expression vector CDM8 by replacing the polyoma and SV40 origins of replication with the 427bp non-coding region of the Syrian hamster papovavirus. Wild-type CHO cells and the CHO glycosylation-mutant Lec4A were transfected with plasmids bearing the early genes of either polyoma virus or hamster papovavirus in order to establish stable, LT antigen-expressing cell lines designated CHOP or CHOH, respectively. CHOP cell lines expressing polyoma LT antigen supported efficient replication of CDM8, but replicated pMH poorly. Conversely, CHOH cells expressing the hamster papovavirus LT antigen supported replication of pMH, and at a lower efficiency, CDM8. Replication of CDM8 and pMH vectors were equally efficient in selected CHOP and CHOH cell lines, respectively and comparable to that of CDM8 replication in COS-1 cells. A bacterial beta-galactosidase fusion gene inserted into the multiple cloning site of a CDM8 derivative was efficiently expressed when transiently transfected into CHOP and CHOH cells but not CHO cells since only the former supports autonomous plasmid replication. These results show that expression-cloning in CHO cells expressing either polyoma virus or hamster papovavirus LT antigens is possible using either the CDM8 or the pMH vectors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heffernan
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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