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Toister E, Cherry L, Lupu E, Monash A, Dor E, Levin L, Girshengorn M, Natan N, Chapman S, Shmaya S, Epstein E, Adar Y, Zichel R, Ophir Y, Diamant E. Development and Validation of a Plaque Assay to Determine the Titer of a Recombinant Live-Attenuated Viral Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:374. [PMID: 38675756 PMCID: PMC11054748 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in more than seven million deaths worldwide. To reduce viral spread, the Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) developed and produced a new rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-S vaccine candidate (BriLife®) based on a platform of a genetically engineered vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector that expresses the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 instead of the VSV-G protein on the virus surface. Quantifying the virus titer to evaluate vaccine potency requires a reliable validated assay that meets all the stringent pharmacopeial requirements of a bioanalytical method. Here, for the first time, we present the development and extensive validation of a quantitative plaque assay using Vero E6 cells for the determination of the concentration of the rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-S viral vector. Three different vaccine preparations with varying titers (DP_low, DP_high, and QC sample) were tested according to a strict validation protocol. The newly developed plaque assay was found to be highly specific, accurate, precise, and robust. The mean deviations from the predetermined titers for the DP_low, DP_high, and QC preparations were 0.01, 0.02, and 0.09 log10, respectively. Moreover, the mean %CV values for intra-assay precision were 18.7%, 12.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The virus titers did not deviate from the established values between cell passages 5 and 19, and no correlation was found between titer and passage. The validation results presented herein indicate that the newly developed plaque assay can be used to determine the concentration of the BriLife® vaccine, suggesting that the current protocol is a reliable methodology for validating plaque assays for other viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Toister
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel;
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Lilach Levin
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Meni Girshengorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Niva Natan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Shira Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel;
| | - Shlomo Shmaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel;
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yaakov Adar
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ran Zichel
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yakir Ophir
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Eran Diamant
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel; (E.T.); (L.C.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (M.G.); (N.N.); (E.E.); (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
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Adami G, Alarcon G, Albert D, Allen K, Aringer M, Arkema EV, Ashour HM, Atzeni F, Ayan G, Baer A, Baker J, Barber C, Bautista-Molano W, Beça S, Beamer B, Bergstra SA, Bermas B, Bilgin E, Boers M, Bolster M, Bosco J, Bowden JL, Buttgereit F, Calabrese L, Campochiaro C, Cappelli L, Carmona L, Carvalho J, Castañeda S, Chao Chao CM, Chatterjee S, Cherry L, Christensen R, Coates LC, Cohen SB, Collins JE, Cornec D, D'Agostino MA, Daikeler T, D'Angelo S, de Boysson H, de Jong P, de Wit M, Dellaripa P, Dessein P, Diekhoff T, Doumen M, Eckstein F, Elhai M, Fairley JL, Felson D, Amaro IF, Ferucci E, Fiorentino D, FitzGerald J, Fleischmann R, Galloway J, Salinas RG, Giorgi V, Golightly Y, Gono T, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Goules A, Gravallese E, Griffith M, Grosman S, Gupta L, Hamuryudan V, Hana C, Haschka J, Hawker G, Hervas-Perez JP, Hocevar A, Iudici M, Iyer P, Jasmin M, Judson M, Kerschbaumer A, Kiefer D, Kiltz U, Kivity S, Kremer JM, Kroon FPB, Kviatkovsky S, Lee BS, Liew D, Lim SY, Littlejohn G, Medina CL, Maksymowych W, March L, Marotte H, Navarro OM, Mavragani C, McInnes I, McMahan Z, Meara A, Mecoli C, Merriman T, Mikdashi J, Mikuls T, Misra DP, Mitchell BD, Moore T, Moutsopoulos H, Naredo E, Nash P, Nurmohamed M, Oddis C, Ojaimi S, Oliver M, Ozen S, Ozgocmen S, Palmowski A, Pascart T, Perelas A, Pile K, Pincus T, Poddubnyy D, Ramiro S, Reddy A, Regierer A, Roccatello D, Rookes T, Rosenthal A, Rubinstein T, Rudwaleit M, Rueda-Gotor J, Rus V, Saketkoo LA, Samson M, Schur P, Sepriano A, Shadmanfar S, Shmagel A, Sibbitt WL, de Souza AWS, Sims C, Singh N, Sjöwall C, Smith V, Song JJ, Soriano ER, Sparks J, Studenic P, Sugihara T, Suissa S, Szekanecz Z, Tascilar K, Taylor P, Terkeltaub R, Tiniakou E, Todd N, Vilarino GT, Treemarcki E, Tsuji H, Turesson C, Twilt M, Vassilopoulos D, Vojinovic T, Volkmann E, Vosse D, Wagner-Weiner L, Wallace ZS, Wallace D, Wang GC, Wei J, Weisman MH, Westhovens R, Winthrop K, Wysham KD, Xue J, Yang C, Yau M, Yazici Y, Yazici H, YIM ICW, Young J, Zhang W. Referees. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024:152375. [PMID: 38245402 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
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Cherry DR, McKendrick K, Chen YC, Cherry L, Zhao D, Aldridge M, Dharmarajan KV. Demographics, Medical Comorbidities, and Functional Factors Associated with Radiation Therapy Regimen Length in Older Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e571. [PMID: 37785742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To determine demographic, comorbidity, and functional factors associated with radiation therapy (RT) regimen length in older patients. MATERIALS/METHODS Using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), we identified patients who were diagnosed with cancer from 2002-2019 and received RT. The MCBS dataset is comprised of linked patient survey and Medicare claims data. Days of RT were used as a proxy for fractions of RT each patient received. We used treatment guidelines to identify a minimum treatment threshold for each cancer type to differentiate patients with low RT utilization from normal or supra-palliative RT utilization. Statistical analyses of patient demographics, comorbidities, and activities of daily living (ADL) were performed using chi-square and t-tests. RESULTS A total of 880 patients were included in this analysis, of whom 669 had high RT utilization. Of the demographic factors considered, age 85+ was associated with longer RT regimen length (p = 0.045), as was being "other" or multi-race, community, or facility treatment setting, and residing in the south (p = 0.013, 0.006, 0.003, 0.038, respectively). Of medical comorbidities, only lung disease was associated with longer RT regime (p = 0.020). Longer RT regimen length was significantly associated with requiring assistance with any ADLs (bathing, dressing, eating, chair, walking, toileting, all with p <0.001). CONCLUSION This abstract identifies specific patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and ADL limitations which may be associated with RT regimen length in older patients. Future work should focus on optimizing patients and delivery systems for RT and the relationship between pre- and post-treatment ADLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Cherry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - K McKendrick
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Y C Chen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - L Cherry
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - D Zhao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - M Aldridge
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - K V Dharmarajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Noy-Porat T, Tamir H, Alcalay R, Rosenfeld R, Epstein E, Cherry L, Achdout H, Erez N, Politi B, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Weiss S, Melamed S, Israely T, Mazor O, Paran N, Makdasi E. Generation of recombinant mAbs to vaccinia virus displaying high affinity and potent neutralization. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0159823. [PMID: 37737634 PMCID: PMC10581037 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01598-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Orthopoxvirus genus can cause severe infections in humans. Global vaccination against smallpox, caused by the variola virus, resulted in the eradication of the disease in 1980. Shortly thereafter, vaccination was discontinued, and as a result, a large proportion of the current population is not protected against orthopoxviruses. The concerns that the variola virus or other engineered forms of poxviruses may re-emerge as bioweapons and the sporadic outbreaks of zoonotic members of the family, such as Mpox, which are becoming more frequent and prevalent, also emphasize the need for an effective treatment against orthopoxviruses. To date, the most effective way to prevent or control an orthopoxvirus outbreak is through vaccination. However, the traditional vaccinia-based vaccine may cause severe side effects. Vaccinia immune globulin was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of vaccine adverse reactions and was also used occasionally for the treatment of severe orthopoxvirus infections. However, this treatment carries many disadvantages and is also in short supply. Thus, a recombinant alternative is highly needed. In this study, two non-human primates were immunized with live vaccinia virus, producing a robust and diverse antibody response. A phage-display library was constructed based on the animal's lymphatic organs, and a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), recognizing diverse proteins of the vaccinia virus, was selected and characterized. These antibodies recognized both mature virion and enveloped virion forms of the virus and exhibited high affinity and potent in vitro neutralization capabilities. Furthermore, these monoclonal antibodies were able to neutralize Mpox 2018 and 2022 strains, suggesting a potential for cross-species protection. We suggest that a combination of these mAbs has the potential to serve as recombinant therapy both for vaccinia vaccine adverse reactions and for orthopoxvirus infections. IMPORTANCE In this manuscript, we report the isolation and characterization of several recombinant neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) identified by screening a phage-display library constructed from lymphatic cells collected from immunized non-human primates. The antibodies target several different antigens of the vaccinia virus, covering both mature virion and extracellular enveloped virion forms of the virus. We document strong evidence indicating that they exhibit excellent affinity to their respective antigens and, most importantly, optimal in vitro neutralization of the virus, which exceeded that of vaccinia immune globulin. Furthermore, we present the ability of these novel isolated mAbs (as well as the sera collected from vaccinia-immunized animals) to neutralize two Mpox strains from the 2018 to 2022 outbreaks. We believe that these antibodies have the potential to be used for the treatment of vaccinia vaccine adverse reactions, for other orthopoxvirus infections, and in cases of unexpected bioterror scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Noy-Porat
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Shay Weiss
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
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Jayson A, Goldvaser M, Dor E, Monash A, Levin L, Cherry L, Lupu E, Natan N, Girshengorn M, Epstein E, Rosen O. Application of Ambr15 system for simulation of entire SARS-CoV-2 vaccine production process involving macrocarriers. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3277. [PMID: 35633106 PMCID: PMC9348148 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Ambr15 system is an automated, high‐throughput bioreactor platform which comprises 24 individually controlled, single‐use stirred‐tank reactors. This system plays a critical role in process development by reducing reagent requirements and facilitating high‐throughput screening of process parameters. However, until now, the system was used to simulate processes involving cells in suspension or growing on microcarriers and has never been tested for simulating cells growing on macrocarriers. Moreover, to our knowledge, a complete production process including cell growth and virus production has never been simulated. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the amenability of the automated Ambr15 cell culture reactor system to simulate the entire SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine production process using macrocarriers. To simulate the production process, accessories were first developed to enable insertion of tens of Fibra‐Cel macrocarries into the reactors. Vero cell adsorption to Fibra‐Cels was then monitored and its adsorption curve was studied. After incorporating of all optimized factors, Vero cells were adsorbed to and grown on Fibra‐Cels for several days. During the process, culture medium was exchanged, and the quantity and viability of the cells were followed, resulting in a typical growth curve. After successfully growing cells for 6 days, they were infected with the rVSV‐ΔG‐Spike vaccine virus. The present results indicate that the Ambr15 system is not only suitable for simulating a process using macrocarriers, but also to simulate an entire vaccine production process, from cell adsorption, cell growth, infection and vaccine virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Jayson
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michael Goldvaser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Levin
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Niva Natan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Meni Girshengorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
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Jobanputra D, Cherry L, Walker-Bone K, Price C, D’angelo S, Ntani G. OP0007-HPR AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF FOOT AND ANKLE PAIN AND HEALTH-RELATED JOB LOSS IN ADULTS OVER 50: CROSS-SECTIONAL FINDINGS FROM THE HEAF COHORT. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundFoot and ankle pain (FAP), particularly that of musculoskeletal origin, is increasingly prevalent in our aging populations1. Moreover, governments need people to work to older ages to reduce the costs of pensions and welfare benefits. It is not currently known however whether people with FAP are able to keep working or to what extent it pushes people out of work. We investigated this question in older working adults.ObjectivesTo determine whether FAP is associated with HRJL amongst older working adults.MethodsHealth And Employment After Fifty2 is a longitudinal population-based cohort incepted 2013 to investigate health and retirement. At follow-up two years later, people were asked to complete a full-body mannequin which included the ankles/feet. Mannequins were coded: foot/ankle pain (FAP) with pain at other sites; pain elsewhere but not FAP; and no pain. Two years later, participants were asked whether they had left paid work entirely or partly because of health (Health-related job loss (HRJL). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore associations between health-related job loss, FAP, and other potential risk factors (such as age, mental health, BMI, and finances). A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine which occupational activities were significantly associated with health-related job loss due to FAP.ResultsAt 2 years, 4050 participants completed a pain mannequin, amongst whom 3762 were in paid work. Over 2 further years of follow-up, there were 235 incident HRJLs. Amongst those with HRJL, 73 had no pain, 54 had pain involving FAP, 108 had pain not involving FAP. After adjusting for age and sex, people with FAP had 83% increased risk of HRJL compared to people with no pain (HR=1.83, 95% CI 1.29-2.61), whilst those with pain NOT involving FAP had 34% increased risk (HR1.34, 95% CI 1.00 – 1.80). FAP remained a significant predictor of HRJL within a fully adjusted model (HR=1.65, 95% CI 1.15-2.36). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that doing jobs which involved climbing more than 30 flights of stairs was associated with increased risk of HRJL amongst people with FAP (HR=1.96, 95% CI 1.00-3.80).ConclusionFAP is a risk factor for HRJL amongst older working adults, particularly if their job involves stair climbing. Potentially, modification of duties to reduce stair climbing could mitigate job loss amongst people with FAP.References[1]Executive HaS. Work-related ill health and occupational disease. https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/; 2020.[2]Keith T. Palmer KW-B, E. Clare Harris, Cathy Linaker, Stefania D’ANgelo, Avan Aihi Sayer, Catharine R. Gale, Maria Evandrou, Tjeerd van Staa, Cyrus Cooper, David Coggon. Health and Employment after Fifty (HEAF): a new prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2015.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Rosen O, Jayson A, Goldvaser M, Dor E, Monash A, Levin L, Cherry L, Lupu E, Natan N, Girshengorn M, Epstein E. Optimization of VSV-ΔG-spike production process with the Ambr15 system for a SARS-COV-2 vaccine. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1839-1848. [PMID: 35319097 PMCID: PMC9082513 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To face the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus, our institute has developed the rVSV‐ΔG‐spike vaccine, in which the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was replaced by the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. Many process parameters can influence production yield. To maximize virus vaccine yield, each parameter should be tested independently and in combination with others. Here, we report the optimization of the production of the VSV‐ΔG‐spike vaccine in Vero cells using the Ambr15 system. This system facilitates high‐throughput screening of process parameters, as it contains 24 individually controlled, single‐use stirred‐tank minireactors. During optimization, critical parameters were tested. Those parameters included: cell densities; the multiplicity of infection; virus production temperature; medium addition and medium exchange; and supplementation of glucose in the virus production step. Virus production temperature, medium addition, and medium exchange were all found to significantly influence the yield. The optimized parameters were tested in the BioBLU 5p bioreactors production process and those that were found to contribute to the vaccine yield were integrated into the final process. The findings of this study demonstrate that an Ambr15 system is an effective tool for bioprocess optimization of vaccine production using macrocarriers and that the combination of production temperature, rate of medium addition, and medium exchange significantly improved virus yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Jayson
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michael Goldvaser
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Levin
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Niva Natan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Meni Girshengorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Ness Ziona, Israel
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Rosen O, Jayson A, Dor E, Epstein E, Makovitzki A, Cherry L, Lupu E, Monash A, Borni S, Baruchi T, Laskar O, Shmaya S, Rosenfeld R, Levy Y, Schuster O, Feldberg L. SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen quantification by targeted mass spectrometry of a virus-based vaccine. J Virol Methods 2022; 303:114498. [PMID: 35217103 PMCID: PMC8863330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spike glycoprotein mediates virus binding to the host cells and is a key target for vaccines development. One SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), in which the native surface glycoprotein has been replaced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (VSV-ΔG-spike). The titer of the virus is quantified by the plaque forming unit (PFU) assay, but there is no method for spike protein quantitation as an antigen in a VSV-based vaccine. Here, we describe a mass spectrometric (MS) spike protein quantification method, applied to VSV-ΔG-spike based vaccine. Proof of concept of this method, combining two different sample preparations, is shown for complex matrix samples, produced during the vaccine manufacturing processes. Total spike levels were correlated with results from activity assays, and ranged between 0.3−0.5 μg of spike protein per 107 PFU virus-based vaccine. This method is simple, linear over a wide range, allows quantification of antigen within a sample and can be easily implemented for any vaccine or therapeutic sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Rosen
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
| | - Avital Jayson
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Arik Makovitzki
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Sarah Borni
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Tzadok Baruchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Orly Laskar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Shlomo Shmaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Yinon Levy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Ofir Schuster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
| | - Liron Feldberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
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9
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Makovitzki A, Jayson A, Oren Z, Lerer E, Kafri Y, Dor E, Cherry L, Tzadok H, Levin L, Hazan O, Simon I, Tal A, Girshengorn M, Rosen O. In-Line Monitoring of Downstream Purification Processes for VSV Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Using a Novel Technique. BioTech 2021; 10:biotech10040025. [PMID: 35822799 PMCID: PMC9245488 DOI: 10.3390/biotech10040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) increases the need for a rapid development of efficient vaccines. Among other vaccines in clinical trials, a recombinant VSV-∆G-spike vaccine was developed by the Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR) and is being evaluated. The development of an efficient downstream purification process (DSP) enables the vaccine to be advanced to clinical trials. The DSP must eliminate impurities, either process- or product-related, to yield a sufficient product with high purity, potency and quality. To acquire critical information on process restrictions and qualities, the application of in-line monitoring is vital and should significantly impact the process yield, product quality and economy of the entire process. Here, we describe an in-line monitoring technique that was applied in the DSP of the VSV-∆G-spike vaccine. The technique is based on determining the concentrations of metabolites, nutrients and a host cell protein using the automatic chemistry analyzer, Cobas Integra 400 Plus. The analysis revealed critical information on process parameters and significantly impacted purification processes. The technique is rapid, easy and efficient. Adopting this technique during the purification process improves the process yield and the product quality and enhances the economy of the entire downstream process for biotechnology and bio pharmaceutical products.
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10
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Achdout H, Vitner EB, Politi B, Melamed S, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Tamir H, Erez N, Avraham R, Weiss S, Cherry L, Bar-Haim E, Makdasi E, Gur D, Aftalion M, Chitlaru T, Vagima Y, Paran N, Israely T. Increased lethality in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection is prevented by influenza immunity but not SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5819. [PMID: 34611155 PMCID: PMC8492774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The continued spread of SARS-CoV-2 increases the probability of influenza/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, which may result in severe disease. In this study, we examine the disease outcome of influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in K18-hACE2 mice. Our data indicate enhance susceptibility of IAV-infected mice to developing severe disease upon coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 two days later. In contrast to nonfatal influenza and lower mortality rates due to SARS-CoV-2 alone, this coinfection results in severe morbidity and nearly complete mortality. Coinfection is associated with elevated influenza viral loads in respiratory organs. Remarkably, prior immunity to influenza, but not to SARS-CoV-2, prevents severe disease and mortality. This protection is antibody-dependent. These data experimentally support the necessity of seasonal influenza vaccination for reducing the risk of severe influenza/COVID-19 comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Achdout
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Einat B Vitner
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Roy Avraham
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - David Gur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Yaron Vagima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
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11
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Barbhuiya NH, Singh SP, Makovitzki A, Narkhede P, Oren Z, Adar Y, Lupu E, Cherry L, Monash A, Arnusch CJ. Virus Inactivation in Water Using Laser-Induced Graphene Filters. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14. [PMID: 34207716 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.13489398.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the pathogenesis, detection, and prevention of viral infections has increased broadly in many fields of research over the past year. The development of water treatment technology to combat viral infection by inactivation or disinfection might play a key role in infection prevention in places where drinking water sources are biologically contaminated. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has antimicrobial and antifouling surface effects mainly because of its electrochemical properties and texture, and LIG-based water filters have been used for the inactivation of bacteria. However, the antiviral activity of LIG-based filters has not yet been explored. Here we show that LIG filters also have antiviral effects by applying electrical potential during filtration of the model prototypic poxvirus Vaccinia lister. This antiviral activity of the LIG filters was compared with its antibacterial activity, which showed that higher voltages were required for the inactivation of viruses compared to that of bacteria. The generation of reactive oxygen species, along with surface electrical effects, played a role in the mechanism of virus inactivation. This new property of LIG highlights its potential for use in water and wastewater treatment for the electrochemical disinfection of various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmul Haque Barbhuiya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arik Makovitzki
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel
| | - Pradnya Narkhede
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel
| | - Ziv Oren
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel
| | - Yaakov Adar
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel
| | - Christopher J Arnusch
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel
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12
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Barbhuiya NH, Singh SP, Makovitzki A, Narkhede P, Oren Z, Adar Y, Lupu E, Cherry L, Monash A, Arnusch CJ. Virus Inactivation in Water Using Laser-Induced Graphene Filters. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3179. [PMID: 34207716 PMCID: PMC8226673 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the pathogenesis, detection, and prevention of viral infections has increased broadly in many fields of research over the past year. The development of water treatment technology to combat viral infection by inactivation or disinfection might play a key role in infection prevention in places where drinking water sources are biologically contaminated. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has antimicrobial and antifouling surface effects mainly because of its electrochemical properties and texture, and LIG-based water filters have been used for the inactivation of bacteria. However, the antiviral activity of LIG-based filters has not yet been explored. Here we show that LIG filters also have antiviral effects by applying electrical potential during filtration of the model prototypic poxvirus Vaccinia lister. This antiviral activity of the LIG filters was compared with its antibacterial activity, which showed that higher voltages were required for the inactivation of viruses compared to that of bacteria. The generation of reactive oxygen species, along with surface electrical effects, played a role in the mechanism of virus inactivation. This new property of LIG highlights its potential for use in water and wastewater treatment for the electrochemical disinfection of various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmul Haque Barbhuiya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
| | - Swatantra P. Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arik Makovitzki
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel; (A.M.); (Z.O.); (Y.A.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Pradnya Narkhede
- Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel;
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel
| | - Ziv Oren
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel; (A.M.); (Z.O.); (Y.A.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Yaakov Adar
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel; (A.M.); (Z.O.); (Y.A.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Edith Lupu
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel; (A.M.); (Z.O.); (Y.A.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel; (A.M.); (Z.O.); (Y.A.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Arik Monash
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Tiona 7410001, Israel; (A.M.); (Z.O.); (Y.A.); (E.L.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Christopher J. Arnusch
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 8499000, Israel
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13
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Hensley P, Miest T, Adibi M, Campbell M, Shah A, Cherry L, Papadopoulos J, Siefker-Radtke A, Gao J, Guo C, Czerniak B, Navai N, Kamat A, Dinney C, Matin S. GFR fluctuation induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlates with pathologic stage of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Vitner EB, Achdout H, Avraham R, Politi B, Cherry L, Tamir H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Paran N, Melamed S, Erez N, Israely T. Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors prevent replication of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100470. [PMID: 33639165 PMCID: PMC7904475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major threat to global health. Vaccines are ideal solutions to prevent infection, but treatments are also needed for those who have contracted the virus to limit negative outcomes, when vaccines are not applicable. Viruses must cross host cell membranes during their life cycle, creating a dependency on processes involving membrane dynamics. Thus, in this study, we examined whether the synthetic machinery for glycosphingolipids, biologically active components of cell membranes, can serve as a therapeutic target to combat SARS-CoV-2. We examined the antiviral effect of two specific inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS): (i) Genz-123346, an analogue of the United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drug Cerdelga and (ii) GENZ-667161, an analogue of venglustat, which is currently under phase III clinical trials. We found that both GCS inhibitors inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, these inhibitors also disrupt replication of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Our data imply that synthesis of glycosphingolipids is necessary to support viral life cycles and suggest that GCS inhibitors should be further explored as antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat B Vitner
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel.
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Roy Avraham
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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15
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Ben-Shmuel A, Brosh-Nissimov T, Glinert I, Bar-David E, Sittner A, Poni R, Cohen R, Achdout H, Tamir H, Yahalom-Ronen Y, Politi B, Melamed S, Vitner E, Cherry L, Israeli O, Beth-Din A, Paran N, Israely T, Yitzhaki S, Levy H, Weiss S. Detection and infectivity potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) environmental contamination in isolation units and quarantine facilities. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1658-1662. [PMID: 32919072 PMCID: PMC7481174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Environmental surfaces have been suggested as likely contributors in the transmission of COVID-19. This study assessed the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contaminating surfaces and objects in two hospital isolation units and a quarantine hotel. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 virus stability and infectivity on non-porous surfaces was tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Surface and air sampling were conducted at two COVID-19 isolation units and in a quarantine hotel. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR and infectivity was assessed by VERO E6 CPE test. RESULTS In laboratory-controlled conditions, SARS-CoV-2 gradually lost its infectivity completely by day 4 at ambient temperature, and the decay rate of viral viability on surfaces directly correlated with increase in temperature. Viral RNA was detected in 29/55 surface samples (52.7%) and 16/42 surface samples (38%) from the surroundings of symptomatic COVID-19 patients in isolation units of two hospitals and in a quarantine hotel for asymptomatic and very mild COVID-19 patients. None of the surface and air samples from the three sites (0/97) were found to contain infectious titres of SARS-Cov-2 on tissue culture assay. CONCLUSIONS Despite prolonged viability of SARS-CoV-2 under laboratory-controlled conditions, uncultivable viral contamination of inanimate surfaces might suggest low feasibility for indirect fomite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ben-Shmuel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Brosh-Nissimov
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University in the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Itai Glinert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Elad Bar-David
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Assa Sittner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Reut Poni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Regev Cohen
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hadas Tamir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Yfat Yahalom-Ronen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Boaz Politi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Einat Vitner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Lilach Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Adi Beth-Din
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shmuel Yitzhaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Haim Levy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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16
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Cherry L, Gates L, Arden NK, Bowen CJ. Lifetime occupation is not associated with radiographic osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in a cohort study of UK women. J Foot Ankle Res 2020; 13:61. [PMID: 33004072 PMCID: PMC7528246 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aim was to determine whether lifetime occupation was associated with the presence of radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) in women. METHOD Data were collected from the prospective, population-based Chingford 1000 Women study. This cohort of women, aged 45-64 years at inception, was established in 1989 from a single general practice in Chingford, UK. Data has subsequently been collected repeatedly. Data from baseline, year six and year ten was used for the purposes of this cross-sectional study. The primary outcome was the presence of dorsal view ROA of the first MTPJ. The main exposure was lifetime occupation, categorised according to levels of occupation previously defined via international consensus: 1. Sedentary, 2. Light, 3. Light manual, 4. Heavy manual. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to quantify the relationship between lifetime occupation type and the presence of ROA of the first MTPJ, adjusting for age, body mass index and lifetime high-heeled footwear use as potential interactive variables for each decade. RESULTS Data for 209 women were included within this study. The mean (SD) age was 57 (±5.2) years. Predominant lifetime occupation was reported as sedentary by 51.7%, as light by 0%, as light manual by 33.5% and as heavy manual by 14.8% of participants. There were no statistical associations between lifetime occupation type and the presence of ROA of the first MTPJ in either the unadjusted (OR = 0.99, CI = 0.78-1.26,P = 0.96) partially adjusted (for age and BMI; OR = 1.00, CI = 0.78-1.29, P = 0.99) or fully adjusted models (for age, BMI and lifetime high heel footwear use for each decade of working life (OR = 1.02, CI = 0.79-1.31, P = 0.91); high-heel footwear use up to 20s (OR = 0.83, CI = 0.71-1.31, P = 0.83); high-heel footwear use in 20-30s (OR = 1.00, CI = 0.75-1.3, P = 0.98); high-heel footwear use in 30-40s (OR = 1.00, CI = 0.70-1.42, P = 0.99); high-heel footwear use in 40-50s (OR = 0.90, CI = 0.58-1.40, P = 0.65); high-heel footwear use in 50s (OR = 0.63,CI = 0.36-1.09, P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that lifetime occupation is not associated with the presence of ROA of the fist metatarsophalangeal joint. There does not appear to be any interactive effect between lifetime occupation, lifetime high-heel footwear use, age or BMI and ROA of the first MTPJ. In later life a positive trend towards increased ROA in those who reported lifetime high-heel footwear use was noted and this may be worthy of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 67, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Department of Podiatry, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - L Gates
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 67, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Southampton, UK
| | - N K Arden
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Southampton, UK
| | - C J Bowen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 67, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Southampton, UK
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17
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Stevens MJ, Walker-Bone K, Culliford DJ, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Blake A, Hopkinson N, Teh LS, Vital EM, Edwards CJ, Williams AE, Cherry L. Work participation, mobility and foot symptoms in people with systemic lupus erythematosus: findings of a UK national survey. J Foot Ankle Res 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 31164925 PMCID: PMC6489339 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-019-0335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether foot and lower limb related symptoms were associated with work participation and poor mobility in people with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Method A quantitative, cross-sectional, self-reported survey design was utilised. People with SLE from six United Kingdom (UK) treatment centres and a national register were invited to complete a survey about lower limb and foot health, work participation and mobility. Data collected included work status and the prevalence of foot symptoms. The focus of the analyses was to explore potential associations between poor foot health work non-participation. Results In total, 182 useable surveys were returned. Seventy-nine respondents reported themselves as employed and 32 reported work non-participation. The remaining were retired due to age or reported work non-participation for other reasons. Work non-participation due to foot symptoms was significantly associated with difficulty walking (p = 0.024), past episodes of foot swelling (p = 0.041), and past episodes of foot ulceration (p = 0.018). There was a significant increase in foot disability scores amongst those not working (mean 18.13, 95% CI: 14.85–21.41) compared to those employed (mean 10.16, 95% CI: 8.11–12.21). Conclusions Twenty-nine% of people with SLE reported work non-participation because of lower limb or foot problems. Our results suggest that foot health and mobility may be important contributors to a persons’ ability to remain in work and should be considered as part of a clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Stevens
- 1MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, Southampton, UK
| | - K Walker-Bone
- 1MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, Southampton, UK
| | - D J Culliford
- 3Methodological Hub, NIHR Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - B Alcacer-Pitarch
- 4NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Blake
- Private podiatrist, Verwood, Dorset UK
| | - N Hopkinson
- 6Department of Rheumatology, Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - L S Teh
- 7Department of Rheumatology, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, East Lancashire Hospital NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.,8Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - E M Vital
- 4NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C J Edwards
- 9NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - A E Williams
- 10Directorate of prosthetics, orthotics and Podiatry, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - L Cherry
- 11School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 45, Burgess Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.,12Department of Podiatry, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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Williams AE, Blake A, Cherry L, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Edwards CJ, Hopkinson N, Vital EMJ, Teh LS. Patients’ experiences of lupus-related foot problems: a qualitative investigation. Lupus 2017; 26:1174-1181. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317696590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present with a variety of symptoms. Previous research has shown there is a high prevalence of lower limb and foot problems in patients with SLE associated with the musculoskeletal, vascular and neurological changes. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of infections affecting the feet and a range of common skin and nail problems. However, it is not known how these foot problems impact upon people’s lives. Therefore, we aimed to explore this using a qualitative approach. Method Following ethical approval, 12 participants were recruited who had a diagnosis of SLE, current and/or past experience of foot problems and were over 18 years in age. Following consent, interviews were carried out with an interpretivist phenomenological approach to both data collection and analysis. Results Seven themes provide insight into: foot problems and symptoms; the impact of these foot problems and symptoms on activities; disclosure and diagnosis of foot problems; treatment of foot problems and symptoms; perceived barriers to professional footcare; unanswered questions about feet and footcare; and identification of the need for professional footcare and footcare advice. Conclusion These participants tend to “self-treat” rather than disclose that they may need professional footcare. A lack of focus upon foot health within a medical consultation is attributed to the participant’s belief that it is not within the doctor’s role, even though it is noted to contribute to reduced daily activity. There is a need for feet to be included as a part of patient monitoring and for foot health management to be made accessible for people with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Williams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, UK
| | - A Blake
- Private podiatrist, Dorset, UK
| | - L Cherry
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- Department of Podiatry, Solent NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Alcacer-Pitarch
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - C J Edwards
- NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - N Hopkinson
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Bournemouth/Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - E M J Vital
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - L S Teh
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Blackburn Hospital, UK
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Cherry L, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Hopkinson N, Teh LS, Vital EM, Edwards CJ, Blake A, Williams AE. The prevalence of self-reported lower limb and foot health problems experienced by participants with systemic lupus erythematosus: Results of a UK national survey. Lupus 2016; 26:410-416. [PMID: 27687022 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316670730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The main aim of this survey was to determine the frequency of self-reported lower limb or foot and ankle complications experienced by participants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A secondary aim was to determine the frequency of treatments that have been received or that participants with SLE may like to receive if offered. Method A quantitative, cross-sectional, self-reported survey design was utilized. The developed survey was checked for face and content validity prior to patient partner cognitive debriefing in order to ensure usability, understanding of the process of completion and of the questions posed. The full protocol for survey development has been published previously. Results This is the first comprehensive national UK survey of lower limb and foot health problems reported by participants with SLE. A high prevalence of vascular, dermatological and musculoskeletal complications was reported by survey respondents. Additionally, whilst the relative prevalence of sensory loss was low, a quarter of people reported having had a fall related to changes in foot sensation demonstrating a previously unknown rate and cause of falls. Conclusion Complications related to vascular, dermatological and musculoskeletal health are identified as particularly prevalent in participants with SLE. Further, there is a suggestion that the provision of interventions to maintain lower limb health is highly varied and lacks national standardization, despite there being a strong indication of participant reported need. The findings of this work can be used to inform care guideline development in addition to identifying areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.,2 Department of Podiatry, Solent NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Alcacer-Pitarch
- 3 NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - N Hopkinson
- 4 Department of Rheumatology, Royal Bournemouth/Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - L S Teh
- 5 Department of Rheumatology, Royal Blackburn Hospital, UK
| | - E M Vital
- 3 NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, UK
| | - C J Edwards
- 6 NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Blake
- 7 Private podiatrist, Verwood, UK
| | - A E Williams
- 8 School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, UK
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Ndosi M, Ferguson R, Backhouse M, Bearne L, Ainsworth P, Roach A, Dennison E, Cherry L. THU0649-HPR Variation in The Provision and Composition of Multidisciplinary Teams in Rheumatology Services across The UK: A Cross-Sectional Study: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Crossland V, Field R, Ainsworth P, Edwards CJ, Cherry L. Is there evidence to support multidisciplinary healthcare working in rheumatology? A systematic review of the literature. Musculoskeletal Care 2014; 13:51-66. [PMID: 25052547 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Talmaci R, Coriu D, Dan L, Cherry L, Gavrila L, Barbarii L, Dogaru M, Vladareanu F, Vladareanu R, Peltecu G, Colita D. Prenatal molecular diagnosis of beta-thalassemia: report on the first two cases in Romania. J Med Life 2008; 1:138-47. [PMID: 20108460 PMCID: PMC5654072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassaemia major is a classical example of a disease that can be prevented by prenatal diagnosis. In Romania there are currently 300 patients with thalassaemia major under the management of specialized institutions. Prenatal diagnoses of thalassemia have offered a new dimension to the prevention of this disease, but in order to implement prenatal diagnosis, knowledge of mutations and of their incidence is essential. Molecular testing using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) scanning and direct mutation detection with Amplificaton Refractory Mutation System-PCR (ARMS-PCR) and Restriction endonuclease Analysis of PCR fragments (PCR-RFLP) was performed by using amplified DNA from amniotic cells samples, while mutations in the parents were determined in advance. Using our experience in molecular diagnosis, we were able to perform the first prenatal diagnosis for two young couples at risk for thalassaemia major. Foetal samplings were collected by amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling in the second trimester of the pregnancies. Maternal contamination of the foetal DNA was ruled out by STR genotyping. The prenatal diagnosis revealed affected foetuses with homozygous status of beta-thalassemia major. The IVSI-110 (G-A)/IVS II-745 (C-G) genotype in the first case foetus and ed 8 (-AA)/cd 8 (-AA) in the second case foetus were reported. The results of this study point to a successful future prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassnemia in Romania, using a rapid and accurate molecular method. Together with the implementation of proper preventive health measures and the education of parents regarding their carrier status, we are hoping that this method will be used as the common application approach to decrease the incidence of thalassacmia major.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Talmaci
- Hematology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest,Human Genome Department, Genetic Institute of Bucharest University, Bucharest
| | - D Coriu
- Hematology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest,Hematology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest
| | - L Dan
- Human Genome Department, Genetic Institute of Bucharest University, Bucharest
| | - L Cherry
- Human Genome Department, Genetic Institute of Bucharest University, Bucharest
| | - L Gavrila
- Human Genome Department, Genetic Institute of Bucharest University, Bucharest
| | - L Barbarii
- Genetic Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine, Bucharest
| | - M Dogaru
- Hematology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest
| | - F Vladareanu
- Human Genome Department, Genetic Institute of Bucharest University, Bucharest
| | - R Vladareanu
- Obstretics and Gynechology Department, “Elias” Emergency Hospital, Bucharest
| | - G Peltecu
- Obstretics and Gynechology Department, “Elias” Emergency Hospital, Bucharest
| | - D Colita
- Hematology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest
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Wannamethee SG, Tchernova J, Whincup P, Lowe GD, Rumley A, Brown K, Cherry L, Sattar N. Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31:1089-98. [PMID: 17264850 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Adiponectin is considered by many to be part of the 'common soil' linking type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the relationship between adiponectin and insulin resistance, metabolic, inflammatory and haemostatic risk factors and hepatic function. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was carried out in 3640 non-diabetic men aged 60-79 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and who were not on warfarin. Adiponectin was associated with waist circumference (inversely), alcohol intake (positively) and physical activity (nonlinearly); no association was seen with cigarette smoking, prevalent CHD or stroke. After adjustment for these factors, adiponectin was significantly inversely associated with insulin resistance, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (but not interleukin 6), tissue plasminogen activator and alanine aminotransferase and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and Factor VIII, factors associated with diabetes. No association was seen with cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure or coagulation factors. Risk of the metabolic syndrome decreased significantly with increasing adiponectin. CONCLUSION Adiponectin is inversely associated with factors strongly associated with the development of diabetes. Limited associations with the established major risk factors for CHD suggest adiponectin may be a stronger marker of risk for diabetes than for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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Abstract
The structure and flexibility of the biologically important alpha-spectrin amino terminal region was examined by the use of fluorescence and EPR spectroscopy. The region studied has been previously demonstrated to be essential for the alpha-spectrin:beta-spectrin association of the tetramerization site. Appropriate spectroscopic probe moieties were coupled to this region in a recombinant fragment of human erythroid alpha-spectrin. There was good agreement between the EPR and fluorescence techniques in most of this region. Mobility determinations indicated that a portion of the region was relatively immobilized. This is significant, since although predictive methods have indicated that this region should be alpha-helical, previous experimental evidence obtained on smaller synthetic peptides had indicated that this region was disordered. Observed rigidity appears to be incompatible with such a disordered state, and has important ramifications for the flexibility of this molecule that is so integral to its role in stabilizing erythrocyte membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60626, USA
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Abstract
Spectrin, a vital component in human erythrocyte, is composed of alpha- and beta-subunits, which associate to form (alphabeta)2 tetramers. The tetramerization site is believed to involve the alpha-spectrin N-terminus and the beta-spectrin C-terminus. Abnormal interactions in this region may lead to blood disorders. It has been proposed that both termini consist of partial structural domains and that tetramerization involves the association of these partial domains. We have studied the N-terminal region of a model peptide for alpha-spectrin by making a series of double spin-labeled peptides and studying their dipolar interaction by electron paramagnetic resonance methods. Our results indicate that residues 21-42 of the N-terminus region exhibit an alpha-helical conformation, even in the absence of B-spectrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University of Chicago, IL 60626, USA
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Cherry L, Menhart N, Fung LW. Interactions of the alpha-spectrin N-terminal region with beta-spectrin. Implications for the spectrin tetramerization reaction. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:2077-84. [PMID: 9890967 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.4.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectrin of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton is composed of alpha- and beta-spectrin, which associate to form heterodimers and tetramers. It has been suggested that a fractional domain (helix C) in the amino-terminal region of alpha-spectrin (Nalpha region) bundles with another fractional domain in the carboxyl-terminal region of beta-spectrin (Cbeta region) to yield a triple alpha-helical bundle and that this helical bundling is largely responsible for tetramer formation. However, there are certain objections to assigning a preeminent role to this helical bundling in the tetramerization reactions. We prepared several recombinant peptides of alpha-spectrin fragments spanning only the Nalpha region (lacking the dimer nucleation site) and quantitatively studied their interaction with beta-spectrin. We found that a majority of the interactions were localized, as expected, in the Nalpha-helix C region but that there was also some contribution from the nonhomologous region. More importantly, the temperature and ionic strength dependence of this interaction in our model peptides was different from that in intact spectrin. We suggest that, although the regions involving the putative helical bundling in alpha- and beta-spectrin undoubtedly play a significant role in tetramerization, regions distal to the Nalpha-helix C region in spectrin are also involved in tetramer formation. Structural flexibility and lateral interactions may play a role in spectrin tetramerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60626, USA
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Burt DB, Loveland KA, Chen YW, Chuang A, Lewis KR, Cherry L. Aging in adults with Down syndrome: report from a longitudinal study. Am J Ment Retard 1995; 100:262-70. [PMID: 8554773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Changes in functioning related to aging were examined in 34 adults (14 females, 20 males) with Down syndrome who were 22 to 56 years of age. Changes in functioning over 3 to 4 years were examined, with age, IQ at entry into the study, and gender considered. Neither effects of age at entry nor change over time were significant, suggesting that changes related to aging in adults with Down syndrome were minimal. In contrast, IQ at entry had a significant effect on all performances, suggesting that any examination of aging must consider intellectual level. Results do not support the idea that adults with Down syndrome show rapid age-related declines in functioning apart from the occurrence of a progressive dementia such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Burt
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, USA
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Cherry L, Swann AC. Cation transport mediated by Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase in lymphoblastoma cells from patients with bipolar I disorder, their relatives, and unrelated control subjects. Psychiatry Res 1994; 53:111-8. [PMID: 7529929 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In an investigation of cation transport in bipolar affective disorder, we have measured parameters related to Na+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase, the enzyme that carries out active transport of sodium and potassium, in lymphoblastoid cells cultured from patients with bipolar affective disorder, age-matched nonaffected family relatives, and unrelated control subjects. Patients had lower ion transport per cell and per transport enzyme site than did related or unrelated control subjects. The rate of transport per cell appeared higher in nonaffected relatives of patients than in unrelated control subjects, though this difference did not reach significance. These data suggest that abnormally regulated ion transport may be associated with bipolar affective disorder independently of clinical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Mental Sciences Institute, University of Texas-Houston Medical School 77030
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Abstract
A program for preventing alcohol-related problems at the community level using environmentally-focused, public health approaches sought to involve a new segment of the community. That segment consisted of recently-immigrated Afghans from a traditionally abstinent culture. Social marketing research was employed to elicit value-based benefits to be used in promoting the product (involvement with environmental change efforts) to the target audience. While the channels of distribution for promotional messages were easily identified, special attention was required relative to effective spokespersons. Much was also learned about the immigration experience of Afghans in a San Francisco Bay Area community that has significance for other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cherry
- Social Marketing and Communications Consultant, 27998 Fallbrook Drive, 94542, Hayward, California
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Dawes H, Cherry L, Ballentyne M, Glen E. Continence--advice for all. Nurs Times 1991; 87:56, 58, 62. [PMID: 1945929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Glen ES, Small DR, Morrison LM, Dawes HA, Cherry L. Computerized urological history taking: Its development and application in an open access Incontinence Resource Center. Int Urogynecol J 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00376563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cherry L. Medical technology: the new revolution. N Y Times Mag 1979:12-6, 18, 20 passim. [PMID: 10289207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Coury VM, Coury JP, Brown D, Cherry L, Marks S. Correlates between cognitive and noncognitive factors in freshman dental students. J Dent Educ 1975. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.1975.39.5.tb00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Coury VM, Coury JP, Brown D, Cherry L, Marks S. Correlates between cognitive and noncognitive factors in freshman dental students. J Dent Educ 1975; 39:265-70. [PMID: 1054710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Arundel-Evans A, Cherry L. We broke the communication barrier. Can Nurse 1972; 68:37. [PMID: 5076704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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