1
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Forbes L, Miller JL, Baschat AA, Kanaan C, Gevaerd Martins J. MoMo pregnancies Mo problems: notoriously complicated monochorionic monoamniotic multiple gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024. [PMID: 38419262 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L Forbes
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - J L Miller
- Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A A Baschat
- Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Kanaan
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - J Gevaerd Martins
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Gulati N, Eckstein O, Agrusa J, Kamdar K, Rouce R, Curry C, Fisher K, Forbes L, Grim A, Peckham-Gregory E, McClain K, Allen C, El-Mallawany N. THE CHALLENGE OF PROSPECTIVE DISTINCTION BETWEEN NON-NEOPLASTIC VERUS NEOPLASTIC EBV-ASSOCIATED HLH. Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Parry IS, Schneider JC, Yelvington M, Sharp P, Serghiou M, Ryan CM, Richardson E, Pontius K, Niszczak J, McMahon M, MacDonald LE, Lorello D, Kehrer CK, Godleski M, Forbes L, Duch S, Crump D, Chouinard A, Calva V, Bills S, Benavides L, Acharya HJ, De Oliveira A, Boruff J, Nedelec B. Systematic Review and Expert Consensus on the Use of Orthoses (Splints and Casts) with Adults and Children after Burn Injury to Determine Practice Guidelines. J Burn Care Res 2021; 41:503-534. [PMID: 31504622 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the available literature addressing the use of orthoses (splints and casts) with adult and pediatric burn survivors and determine whether practice guidelines could be proposed. This review provides evidence-based recommendations specifically for rehabilitation professionals who are responsible for burn survivor rehabilitation. A summary recommendation was made after the literature was retrieved using a systematic review and critical appraisal by multiple authors. The level of evidence of the literature was determined in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine criteria. Due to the low level of evidence in the available literature, only one practice guideline could be recommended: orthotic use should be considered as a treatment choice for improving range of motion or reducing contracture in adults who have sustained a burn injury. To address the rehabilitation-specific gaps found in the literature regarding orthotic use in burn rehabilitation and provide guidance to clinicians, a formal expert consensus exercise was conducted as a final step to the project. The resultant manuscript provides a summary of the literature regarding orthotic use with burn patients, one practice guideline, proposed orthotic terminology and additional practice recommendations based on expert opinion. The limitations in the current literature are also discussed, and suggestions are made for future studies in the area of orthotic use after burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Parry
- From the Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, University of California-Davis, Sacramento
| | - Jeffrey C Schneider
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Patricia Sharp
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences Program in Occupational Therapy, Ohio
| | - Michael Serghiou
- Bio Med Sciences Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen M Ryan
- Sumner Redstone Burn Center, Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | | | - Jonathan Niszczak
- Bio Med Sciences Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Massachusetts.,Thomas Jefferson University Burn Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bio Med Sciences, Inc. Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret McMahon
- Our Lady's Hopsice and Care Services, Harold's Cross, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - David Lorello
- The Arizona Burn Center at Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix
| | | | - Matthew Godleski
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, St. John's Rehab, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Forbes
- Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sarah Duch
- Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York
| | - Donna Crump
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, PMR Department, Dallas, Texas
| | - Annick Chouinard
- Hôpital de réadaptation Villa Medica, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valerie Calva
- Hôpital de réadaptation Villa Medica, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Bills
- Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals, Lincoln, Nebraska University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | | | - Hernish J Acharya
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ana De Oliveira
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Quebec, Canada
| | - Jill Boruff
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernadette Nedelec
- Hôpital de réadaptation Villa Medica, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Quebec, Canada.,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Cortes-Santiago N, Forbes L, Vogel TP, Silva-Carmona M, Hicks J, Guillerman RP, Thatayatikom A, Patel K. Pulmonary Histopathology Findings in Patients With STAT3 Gain of Function Syndrome. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:227-234. [PMID: 33651637 DOI: 10.1177/1093526620980615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Multiorgan autoimmunity and interstitial lung disease (ILD) are reported in patients with STAT3 GOF syndrome. RESULTS We present lung histopathology findings in 3 such children, two of whom underwent wedge biopsies with adequate diagnostic material. Wedge biopsies showed interstitial cellular expansion with linear and nodular aggregates of CD8 positive T lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes; consistent with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia pattern (LIP). CD4+ T cells and CD20+ B cells were present but infrequent in the interstitium. FOXP3 cells ranged from 0-5%. Focal interstitial and intraalveolar histiocytes were also seen. Neutrophils and eosinophils were rare/absent. Non-occlusive peribronchial lymphoid aggregates showed equal T and B cells; likely reactive in nature. Pulmonary vessels appeared normal without vasculitis or hypertensive change. There was no interstitial or subepithelial fibrosis or organizing pneumonia. Interlobular septa and visceral pleura were unremarkable. CONCLUSION Children with multi-system autoimmune disorders with ILD should be investigated for STAT3 GOF syndrome. Lung wedge biopsies are more informative than transbronchial biopsies, if a tissue sampling is indicated. CD8 dominant T cell inflammation seems to be a key driver of ILD. Although interstitial fibrosis was not seen in our small sample, longer follow up is needed to understand the natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Forbes
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tiphanie P Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - John Hicks
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - R Paul Guillerman
- Department of Pulmonology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kalyani Patel
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University of Florida
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5
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Klinger J, Aguayo-Hiraldo P, Rider NI, Nicholas SK, Forbes L, Seeborg FO, Noroski LM, Omer B, John T, Yassine K, Naik S, Craddock J, Steffin DH, Doherty EE, Allen C, Ahmed NM, Sasa G, Hegde M, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Hanson IC, Krance RA, Martinez C. Reduced Autoimmune Cytopenias after Cord Blood Transplant in Pediatric Patients with Nonmalignant Disease Conditioned without Serotherapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.12.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Fontaine LS, Wood S, Forbes L, Schultz ASH. Listening to First Nations women' expressions of heart health: mite achimowin digital storytelling study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 78:1630233. [PMID: 31199204 PMCID: PMC6586108 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2019.1630233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, heart health was approached holistically by First Nations (FN) peoples, which was integrated into daily living. Caring for the physical, emotional and spiritual needs of individuals, community, family, and the living environment was integral. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada demonstrates the decimation of health practices through governmental policy to destroy the cultural foundations of FN peoples. Relational systems and ways of living were outlawed, and the health of FN people suffered. A digital storytelling study collaborated with Manitoba FN women with lived experience of caring for a biomedical-diagnosed heart condition. The objective was to identify concepts, language, and experiences of heart health among FN women. Six women created five digital stories; four are available publically online. Themes addressed by the storytellers include: changes to diet and lifestyle, related health conditions, experiences with healthcare system, residential schools, and relationships with children and grandchildren. The intersection of Western and FN knowledges heard in the women's stories suggests heart health knowledge and care is embedded within historical and social contexts. Insights into the non-dichotomous relationship between FN and biomedical knowledge of heart health, along with their conceptualisations of heart, suggests historical and social roots underlying heart health issues First Nations women face.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Wood
- a Department of Indigenous Studies , University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Lisa Forbes
- a Department of Indigenous Studies , University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Annette S H Schultz
- b College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,c Health Services & Structural Determinants of Health Research group , St. Boniface Health Research , Winnipeg , Canada
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7
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Bailey CR, Ahuja M, Bartholomew K, Bew S, Forbes L, Lipp A, Montgomery J, Russon K, Potparic O, Stocker M. Guidelines for day-case surgery 2019: Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists and the British Association of Day Surgery. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:778-792. [PMID: 30963557 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines are presented for the organisational and clinical management of anaesthesia for day-case surgery in adults and children. The advice presented is based on previously published recommendations, clinical studies and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Bailey
- Department of Anaesthesia, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Chair of Working Party, Association of Anaesthetists, London, UK
| | - M Ahuja
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Elected Member, British Association of Day Surgery, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - K Bartholomew
- Department of Anaesthesia, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Elected Member, Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, Huddersfield, UK
| | - S Bew
- Department of Anaesthesia, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Elected Member, Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, Leeds, UK
| | - L Forbes
- Department of Anaesthesia, Ninewells Hospital, Elected Member Trainee Committee, Association of Anaesthetists, Dundee, Scotland
| | - A Lipp
- Department of Anaesthesia, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Elected Member, British Association of Day Surgery, Norwich, UK
| | - J Montgomery
- Department of Anaesthesia, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Elected Member, British Association of Day Surgery, Torbay, UK
| | - K Russon
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, Elected Member, British Association of Day Surgery, Rotherham, UK
| | - O Potparic
- Department of Anaesthesia, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, SAS Committee, Association of Anaesthetists, London, UK
| | - M Stocker
- Department of Anaesthesia, Torbay and South Devon, NHS Foundation Trust, President, British Association of Day Surgery, Torbay, UK
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8
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Martinez C, Aguayo-Hiraldo PI, Rider NI, Nicholas SK, Forbes L, Seeborg FO, Noroski LM, Hanson IC, Omer B, John T, Yassine K, Naik S, Craddock J, Allen C, Ahmed N, Sasa G, Hegde M, Leen AM, Heslop HE, Brenner MK, Krance RA. Excellent Outcomes for Pediatric Non-Malignant Diseases Using Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) Conditioned without Serotherapy in the Absence of a Matched Related Donor. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Aguayo-Hiraldo PI, Forbes L, Shearer W, Rider NI, Seeborg FO, Yassine K, Tewari P, Naik S, Sasa G, John T, Ahmed N, Brenner MK, Leen AM, Heslop HE, Hanson IC, Krance RA, Martinez C. Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Transplant (UCBT) Conditioned Without Serotherapy for Pediatric Malignant and Non-Malignant Diseases: Texas Children's Hospital Experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Ngwube A, Hanson IC, Orange J, Rider NL, Seeborg F, Shearer W, Noroski L, Nicholas S, Forbes L, Leung K, Sasa G, Naik S, Hegde M, Omer B, Ahmed N, Allen C, Gottschalk S, Wu MF, Liu H, Brenner M, Heslop H, Krance R, Martinez C. Outcomes after Allogeneic Transplant in Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:537-541. [PMID: 29196075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
/kg (range, .3 to 7.9). The median times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 19 days (range, 13 to 27) and 18.5 days (range, 12 to 31), respectively. The rate of overall survival was 92% with median follow-up of 67 months (range, 3 to 146). Two patients developed grade IV acute graft-versus-host disease, and 1 died on day +99. Five of 12 patient's (42%) had mixed donor chimerism (range, 12% to 85%) at day +180. None of the pretransplant patient parameters was predictive of mixed chimerism. Nonetheless, of these 5 patients, 2 had normalization of the platelet count despite the mixed chimerism, 2 had full donor chimerism after receiving a second transplant with the same donor, and 1 remains transfusion dependent awaiting a second transplant. Hence, even with a significant rate of mixed chimerism, HSCT provides substantial benefit to WAS patients, with excellent overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ngwube
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - I Celine Hanson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jordan Orange
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas L Rider
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Filiz Seeborg
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - William Shearer
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lenora Noroski
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa Forbes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn Leung
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ghadir Sasa
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Swati Naik
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meenakshi Hegde
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bilal Omer
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carl Allen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Liu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Malcolm Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Krance
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Caridad Martinez
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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11
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Forbes L, Petrillo L, Dzeng E, Harrison K, Scribner B, Koenig B. RESPONDING TO THE END-OF-LIFE OPTION ACT IN CALIFORNIA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Forbes
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - L. Petrillo
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - E. Dzeng
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - K.L. Harrison
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - B. Scribner
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - B. Koenig
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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12
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Martinez C, Rider NI, Orange J, Shearer W, Forbes L, Leung K, Naik S, Gottschalk S, Allen C, Ahmed N, Sasa G, Omer B, Hegde M, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Leen AM, Hanson IC, Krance RA. Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Conditioned without Serotherapy is an Excellent Curative Alternative for Pediatric Non-Malignant Diseases. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.12.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Aguayo-Hiraldo PI, Forbes L, Shearer W, Orange J, Naik S, Sasa G, Leung K, Gottschalk S, Allen C, Ahmed N, Brenner MK, Leen AM, Heslop HE, Hanson IC, Krance RA, Martinez C. Umbilical Cord Transplant (UCBT) Without Serotherapy for Malignant and Non Malignant Diseases Provides a Curative Alternative with Improved Immune Reconstitution. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.12.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Morsheimer MM, Rychik J, Forbes L, Dodds K, Goldberg DJ, Sullivan K, Heimall JR. Risk Factors and Clinical Significance of Lymphopenia in Survivors of the Fontan Procedure for Single-Ventricle Congenital Cardiac Disease. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2016; 4:491-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Vece TJ, Watkin LB, Nicholas S, Canter D, Braun MC, Guillerman RP, Eldin KW, Bertolet G, McKinley S, de Guzman M, Forbes L, Chinn I, Orange JS. Copa Syndrome: a Novel Autosomal Dominant Immune Dysregulatory Disease. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:377-387. [PMID: 27048656 PMCID: PMC4842120 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inherently defective immunity typically results in either ineffective host defense, immune regulation, or both. As a category of primary immunodeficiency diseases, those that impair immune regulation can lead to autoimmunity and/or autoinflammation. In this review we focus on one of the most recently discovered primary immunodeficiencies that leads to immune dysregulation: "Copa syndrome". Copa syndrome is named for the gene mutated in the disease, which encodes the alpha subunit of the coatomer complex-I that, in aggregate, is devoted to transiting molecular cargo from the Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Copa syndrome is autosomal dominant with variable expressivity and results from mutations affecting a narrow amino acid stretch in the COPA gene-encoding COPα protein. Patients with these mutations typically develop arthritis and interstitial lung disease with pulmonary hemorrhage representing a striking feature. Immunologically Copa syndrome is associated with autoantibody development, increased Th17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression including IL-1β and IL-6. Insights have also been gained into the underlying mechanism of Copa syndrome, which include excessive ER stress owing to the impaired return of proteins from the Golgi, and presumably resulting aberrant cellular autophagy. As such it represents a novel cellular disorder of intracellular trafficking associated with a specific clinical presentation and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Vece
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Levi B. Watkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
| | - Debra Canter
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
| | - Michael C. Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Karen W. Eldin
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Grant Bertolet
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
| | - Scott McKinley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Marietta de Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
| | - Lisa Forbes
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
| | - Ivan Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human ImmunoBiology, Houston, TX
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16
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Mahapatra S, Banerjee P, Minard C, Mace E, Vargas-Hernandez A, Canter D, Forbes L, Makedonas G, Lee D, Duryea T, Shearer WT, Orange JS. High resolution phenotyping identifies NK cell subsets that distinguish healthy children and adults. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.64.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells possess an array of germline-encoded activating, inhibitory and adhesion receptors, the balance of which in concert with their developmental stage, determine their cytotoxic and cytokine-producing potential. Although NK cells develop in the bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues, substantive differentiation is apparent in the peripheral blood including known age-related variation. In order to gain greater insight into phenotypic and functional variation within peripheral blood NK cells across age groups, we used multi-parameter, polyfunctional flow cytometry to interrogate the NK cell variability in 20 healthy adults and 15 5–10, 11–15 and 16–20 year-old children. We found that the normative ranges in both adults and children displayed great inter-individual variation for most subsets. Children possessed >76% unstimulated NK subsets coexpressing perforin and granzyme B as opposed to >65% in adults. Children also had >28% NK subsets expressing all adhesion receptors in our panel compared to half of that in adults. As examples, terminally differentiated CD16+CD57+CD11b+ NK cells were reduced after 16 years of age as well as NKp46, 2B4, CD107a and newly-synthesized perforin in adults. Although CD107a intensity and new perforin synthesis was lower in adults, induced levels of IFNγ (by intensity) was higher. Despite most receptors not differing in their overall expression levels, major phenotypic differences were revealed in the combinatorial expression of NK receptors between adults and children. Our findings identify previously unappreciated NK cell subsets potentially distinguishing children from adults and suggest functional correlates that may have relevance in age-specific host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dean Lee
- 3Univ. of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Ctr
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Cain AN, Hanson IC, Forbes L, Seeborg FO, Noroski LM, Orange J, Rider NI, Shearer W, Leung K, Naik S, Gottschalk S, Allen C, Ahmed N, Sasa G, Omer B, Leen AM, Heslop HE, Krance RA, Martinez C. Long-Term Organ Function in Children Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.11.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yanir A, Hanson IC, Forbes L, Seeborg FO, Noroski LM, Orange J, Rider NI, Shearer W, Leung K, Naik S, Gottschalk S, Allen C, Ahmed N, Sasa G, Omer B, Hegde M, Leen AM, Carrum G, Heslop HE, Brenner MK, Krance RA, Martinez C. Outcomes after Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease – an Update. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.11.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kwan A, Abraham RS, Currier R, Brower A, Andruszewski K, Abbott JK, Baker M, Ballow M, Bartoshesky LE, Bonilla FA, Brokopp C, Brooks E, Caggana M, Celestin J, Church JA, Comeau AM, Connelly JA, Cowan MJ, Cunningham-Rundles C, Dasu T, Dave N, De La Morena MT, Duffner U, Fong CT, Forbes L, Freedenberg D, Gelfand EW, Hale JE, Hanson IC, Hay BN, Hu D, Infante A, Johnson D, Kapoor N, Kay DM, Kohn DB, Lee R, Lehman H, Lin Z, Lorey F, Abdel-Mageed A, Manning A, McGhee S, Moore TB, Naides SJ, Notarangelo LD, Orange JS, Pai SY, Porteus M, Rodriguez R, Romberg N, Routes J, Ruehle M, Rubenstein A, Saavedra-Matiz CA, Scott G, Scott PM, Secord E, Seroogy C, Shearer WT, Siegel S, Silvers SK, Stiehm ER, Sugerman RW, Sullivan JL, Tanksley S, Tierce ML, Verbsky J, Vogel B, Walker R, Walkovich K, Walter JE, Wasserman RL, Watson MS, Weinberg GA, Weiner LB, Wood H, Yates AB, Puck JM, Bonagura VR. Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in 11 screening programs in the United States. JAMA 2014; 312:729-38. [PMID: 25138334 PMCID: PMC4492158 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.9132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) using assays to detect T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) began in Wisconsin in 2008, and SCID was added to the national recommended uniform panel for newborn screened disorders in 2010. Currently 23 states, the District of Columbia, and the Navajo Nation conduct population-wide newborn screening for SCID. The incidence of SCID is estimated at 1 in 100,000 births. OBJECTIVES To present data from a spectrum of SCID newborn screening programs, establish population-based incidence for SCID and other conditions with T-cell lymphopenia, and document early institution of effective treatments. DESIGN Epidemiological and retrospective observational study. SETTING Representatives in states conducting SCID newborn screening were invited to submit their SCID screening algorithms, test performance data, and deidentified clinical and laboratory information regarding infants screened and cases with nonnormal results. Infants born from the start of each participating program from January 2008 through the most recent evaluable date prior to July 2013 were included. Representatives from 10 states plus the Navajo Area Indian Health Service contributed data from 3,030,083 newborns screened with a TREC test. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Infants with SCID and other diagnoses of T-cell lymphopenia were classified. Incidence and, where possible, etiologies were determined. Interventions and survival were tracked. RESULTS Screening detected 52 cases of typical SCID, leaky SCID, and Omenn syndrome, affecting 1 in 58,000 infants (95% CI, 1/46,000-1/80,000). Survival of SCID-affected infants through their diagnosis and immune reconstitution was 87% (45/52), 92% (45/49) for infants who received transplantation, enzyme replacement, and/or gene therapy. Additional interventions for SCID and non-SCID T-cell lymphopenia included immunoglobulin infusions, preventive antibiotics, and avoidance of live vaccines. Variations in definitions and follow-up practices influenced the rates of detection of non-SCID T-cell lymphopenia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Newborn screening in 11 programs in the United States identified SCID in 1 in 58,000 infants, with high survival. The usefulness of detection of non-SCID T-cell lymphopenias by the same screening remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kwan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco2UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Currier
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond
| | - Amy Brower
- Newborn Screening Translational Research Network, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jordan K Abbott
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Mei Baker
- Newborn Screening Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison9Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Mark Ballow
- Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Louis E Bartoshesky
- Department of Pediatrics, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Francisco A Bonilla
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts13Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles Brokopp
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Edward Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Michele Caggana
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Jocelyn Celestin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Joseph A Church
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles19Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anne Marie Comeau
- New England Newborn Screening Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Jamaica Plain31 Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - James A Connelly
- University of Michigan C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor
| | - Morton J Cowan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco2UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Trivikram Dasu
- Clinical Immunodiagnostic and Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Nina Dave
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Maria T De La Morena
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ulrich Duffner
- Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Chin-To Fong
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Lisa Forbes
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas29Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | | | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jaime E Hale
- New England Newborn Screening Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Jamaica Plain
| | - I Celine Hanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas29Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Beverly N Hay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Diana Hu
- Tuba City Regional Health Care, Tuba City, Arizona
| | - Anthony Infante
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | | | - Neena Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles19Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Denise M Kay
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Rachel Lee
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin
| | - Heather Lehman
- Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zhili Lin
- PerkinElmer Genetics, Bridgeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Fred Lorey
- Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond
| | - Aly Abdel-Mageed
- Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Sean McGhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California37Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Stanley J Naides
- Immunology Department, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, California
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts13Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas29Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts13Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California37Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ray Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John Routes
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | | | - Arye Rubenstein
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Montefiore Medical Park, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Ginger Scott
- Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Newborn Screening Program, Delaware Public Health Laboratory, Smyrna
| | | | - Christine Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - William T Shearer
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas29Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Subhadra Siegel
- New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - E Richard Stiehm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | | | - John L Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | | | | | - James Verbsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Beth Vogel
- Newborn Screening Program, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany
| | - Rosalyn Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Kelly Walkovich
- University of Michigan C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston48Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael S Watson
- Newborn Screening Translational Research Network, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Geoffrey A Weinberg
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Leonard B Weiner
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse
| | - Heather Wood
- Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing
| | - Anne B Yates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco2UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
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Jyonouchi S, Forbes L, Ruchelli E, Sullivan KE. Dyskeratosis congenita: a combined immunodeficiency with broad clinical spectrum--a single-center pediatric experience. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22:313-9. [PMID: 21284747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskeratosis Congenita (DKC) is a syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure, somatic abnormalities, and cancer predisposition resulting from defective telomere maintenance. The immunologic features of DKC remain under diagnosed and under treated despite the fact that immunodeficiency is a major cause of premature mortality in DKC. METHODS This study undertook a retrospective review of 7 DKC patients diagnosed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. In parallel, we reviewed previously reported immunologic findings in DKC patients. RESULTS Immunologic abnormalities (lymphopenia, low B-cell numbers, hypogammaglobulinemia, and decreased T-cell function) were the most frequent laboratory findings at initial presentation, preceding the development of significant anemia or thrombocytopenia. Recurrent sinopulmonary or opportunistic infections were present in 6/7 patients. Infant-onset patients had more severe immunologic and somatic features (particularly severe enteropathy). CONCLUSION In DKC, development of immunologic abnormalities can precede bone marrow failure, highlighting the importance of proper immunodeficiency management to minimize morbidity and premature mortality in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jyonouchi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Atkins L, Forbes L, Scanlon K, Jupp D, Carroll L, Ramirez AJ. Evaluating a training package for health professionals and community workers to spread breast cancer awareness messages. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000020.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Plotnikoff R, Karunamuni N, Spence J, Storey K, Forbes L, Raine K, Wild C, McCargar L. Physical inactivity and other chronic disease-related lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Canadian youth. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
North American genotypes of Trichinella spiralis (T-1), Trichinella nativa (T-2), Trichinella pseudospiralis (T-4), Trichinella murrelli (T-5), and Trichinella T-6 were examined for susceptibility to freezing in pork using time-temperature combinations that have been proven to inactivate T. spiralis. Infections were established in 3-month-old pigs of mixed sex and breed by oral inoculation of 10,000 muscle larvae (ML) (all genotypes, rodent-derived ML), 20,000 ML (T-1, T-4, and T-5; cat-derived ML), or 30,000 ML (T-2 and T-6; cat-derived ML). Pigs were euthanized 60 days postinoculation. Muscles from the tongue, masseter muscles, diaphragm, triceps, hams, neck, rump, and loins were ground, pooled, and mixed to ensure even distribution of larvae. Samples (20 g) containing each Trichinella species, genotype, and source combination were placed in heat-sealable pouches, transferred to a constant temperature refrigerant bath, and maintained according to defined time and temperature combinations. Larvae recovered from cold-treated pork samples were inoculated into mice to determine infectivity. Results indicated that the time-temperature combinations known to render pork safe for T. spiralis are sufficient to inactivate T. nativa and T-6 (the freeze-resistant isolates), T. murrelli (the most common sylvatic species in the United States excluding Alaska), and T. pseudospiralis (a species that lacks a muscle nurse cell). These data close a gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of freezing for inactivating these parasites in pork and should alleviate concern about the safety of frozen pork products from the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Hill
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Hill DE, Forbes L, Kramer M, Gajadhar A, Gamble HR. Larval viability and serological response in horses with long-term Trichinella spiralis infection. Vet Parasitol 2007; 146:107-16. [PMID: 17386976 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The horse is considered an aberrant host for the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis, and many aspects of the biology and epidemiology of Trichinella infection in the horse are poorly understood. It has been reported that experimentally-infected horses produce a transient serological response to infection and that muscle larvae are cleared more rapidly than in parasite-adapted hosts such as the pig and humans. However, limited numbers of animals have been studied, and both the longevity of larvae in horse musculature and the immune response to Trichinella larvae remain unclear. In this study, we infected 35 horses with 1000, 5000, or 10,000 T. spiralis muscle larvae and followed the course of infection for 1 year, assessing larval burdens in selected muscles, the condition and infectivity of recovered larvae, and the serological response of infected horses. The results demonstrated that T. spiralis establishes infection in horses in a dose dependent manner. Anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies peaked between weeks 6-10 post-inoculation. Viable, infective larvae persisted in horse musculature for the duration of the study (12 months), and exhibited no apparent reduction in muscle burdens over this period. Encapsulated larvae showed no obvious signs of degeneration in histological sections. Larval capsules were surrounded by infiltrates consisting of mature plasma cells and eosinophils. Macrophages were notably absent. Given the lack of a detectable serological response by 26 weeks p.i. and the persistence of infective muscle larvae for at least 1 year, parasite recovery methods are currently the only suitable detection assays for both meat inspection and epidemiological studies of Trichinella infection in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Hill
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Hill DE, Forbes L, Gajadhar AA, Gamble HR. Viability and infectivity of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in frozen horse tissue. Vet Parasitol 2007; 146:102-6. [PMID: 17418492 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of the biology and epidemiology of Trichinella infection in the horse are poorly understood, including survival of Trichinella spp in horse muscle. In this study, we have assessed the freeze tolerance of T. spiralis in horse meat stored at 5, -5, and -18 degrees C for 1 day to 24 weeks. Results demonstrate a steady reduction in the number of live ML recovered from the cold stored meat samples. On Day 1, recovery of live larvae had been reduced by 18.6%, 50.1%, and 37.2%, and by 4 weeks, recovery of larvae had been reduced by 65.4%, 66.5%, and 96.2% in samples stored at 5, -5, and -18 degrees C, respectively. Infectivity results (measured as reproductive capacity index (RCI)) from mice inoculated with larvae recovered from non-frozen meat samples at day 0 was 23.5. Following storage at -18 degrees C for one and two days, the RCIs were 2.09 and 0.99, respectively. Small numbers of infective larvae were still present in meat samples stored at -18 degrees C for 4 weeks. The RCI of ML recovered from meat samples stored at -5 degrees C was 14.99 and 6.36 at 2 weeks and 4 weeks respectively; the RCI of samples stored at 5 degrees C was 23.1 at 8 weeks, and fell rapidly thereafter (12 week RCI 1.33; 0 at 24 weeks). These data demonstrate that infective T. spiralis, a non-freeze tolerant species, can survive for at least 4 weeks in horse tissue frozen at -5 or -18 degrees C, and that the numbers of infective larvae decrease substantially by day 2 at -18 degrees C and by week 4 at -5 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Hill
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC-East Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Nielsen K, Smith P, Yu W, Nicoletti P, Elzer P, Robles C, Bermudez R, Renteria T, Moreno FS, Ruiz A, Massengill C, Muenks Q, Jurgersen G, Tollersrud T, Samartino L, Conde S, Forbes L, Gall D, Perez B, Rojas X, Minas A. Towards single screening tests for brucellosis. REV SCI TECH OIE 2005; 24:1027-37. [PMID: 16649269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and a fluorescence polarisation assay (FPA), each capable of detecting antibody in several species of hosts to smooth and rough members of the genus Brucella. The I-ELISA uses a mixture of smooth lipopolysaccharide (SLPS) and rough lipopolysaccharide (RLPS) as the antigen, and a recombinant protein A/G conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as the detection reagent. When using individually determined cutoff values, the SLPS/RLPS combined-antigen I-ELISA detected antibody in slightly more animals exposed to SLPS or to RLPS than did I-ELISA procedures using each individual antigen separately. Similarly, the assay using combined antigens detected antibody in slightly fewer animals not exposed to Brucella sp. When a universal cutoff of 10% positivity was used (relative to strongly positive control sera of each species), the overall performance index (percentage sensitivity plus percentage specificity) value decreased by 1.0 (from 199.4 to 198.4). In the FPA, it was not possible to use a universal cutoff without significant loss of performance. The overall sensitivity value for the FPA using the combined FPA antigen was 1.0% lower than using the O-polysaccharide (OPS) from SLPS and 9.1% higher than using the core antigen (CORE) from RLPS. When the combined antigen was used, the FPA specificity was slightly higher (1.2%) than from only the OPS, and considerably higher (12.6%) than the CORE. Overall, both the I-ELISA and the FPA with combined antigens were suitable as screening tests for all species of Brucella in the animal species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nielsen
- Animal Diseases Research Institute, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Rd, Nepean, Ontario, K2H 8P9, Canada
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Leroy J, Jamali F, Forbes L, Smith M, Rubino F, Mutter D, Marescaux J. Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer surgery: long-term outcomes. Surg Endosc 2003; 18:281-9. [PMID: 14691716 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-002-8877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Accepted: 07/16/2003] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total mesorectal excision (TME) offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence and the best survival results in patients with rectal cancer. However, the laparoscopic approach to resection for colorectal cancer remains controversial due to fears that oncologic principles will be compromised. We assessed the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of laparoscopic rectal cancer resections following the principles of TME. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcome and long-term results of laparoscopic TME. METHODS We reviewed the prospective database of 102 consecutive unselected patients undergoing laparoscopic TME for rectal cancer between November 1991 and December 2000. Follow-up was done through office charts or direct patient contact. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Laparoscopic TME was completed successfully in 99 patients, whereas conversion to an open approach was required in three cases (3%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 27% and 2%, respectively, with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 17%. Of the 102 patients, four were excluded from the oncologic evaluation because final pathology was not confirmatory (two had anal canal squamous cell carcinoma and two had villous adenoma with dysplasia). In 90 of the 98 remaining patients (91.8%), the resection was considered curative. The remainder had a palliative resection due to synchronous metastatic disease or locally advanced disease. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-96). There were no trocar site recurrences. The local recurrence rate was 6%, and the cancer-specific survival of all curatively resected patients was 75% at 5 years. The overall survival rate of all curatively resected patients was 65% at 5 years; mean survival time was 6.23 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39-7.07). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic TME is feasible and safe. The laparoscopic approach to the surgical treatment of operable rectal cancer does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leroy
- IRCAD-European Institute of Telesurgery (IRCAD-EITS), Louis Pasteur University, 1 Place de l'Hopital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
The susceptibility of seals to infection with Trichinella nativa and the cold tolerant characteristics of muscle larvae in seal meat were evaluated. Two grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, were inoculated with 5000 (100 larvae/kg) T. nativa larvae and two grey seals with 50000 (1000 larvae/kg). One seal from each dose group and two control seals were killed at 5 and 10 weeks post-inoculation (p.i.). At 5 weeks p.i., infection was established in both low and high dose seals with mean larval densities of 68 and 472 larvae per gram (lpg), respectively, using eight different muscles for analyses. At 10 weeks p.i., mean larval densities were 531 and 2649 lpg, respectively, suggesting an extended persistence of intestinal worms. In seals with high larval density infections, the distribution of larvae in various muscles was uniform, but in one seal with a low larval density infection, predilection sites of larvae included muscle groups with a relative high blood flow, i.e. diaphragm, intercostal and rear flipper muscles. Trichinella-specific antibody levels, as measured by ELISA, increased during the 10 week experimental period. Infected seal muscle was stored at 5, -5 and -18 degrees C for 1, 4 and 8 weeks. Muscle larvae released from stored seal muscle by artificial digestion were inoculated into mice to assess viability and infectivity. Larvae from seal muscle 10 weeks p.i. tolerated -18 degrees C for 8 weeks but larvae from seal muscle 5 weeks p.i. tolerated only 1 week at -18 degrees C, supporting the hypothesis that freeze tolerance increases with the age of the host-parasite tissue complex. The expressed susceptibility to infection, extended production of larvae, antibody response and freeze tolerance of T. nativa in seals are new findings from the first experimental Trichinella infection in any marine mammal and suggest that pinnipeds (phocids, otariiids or walrus) may acquire Trichinella infection by scavenging even small amounts of infected tissue left by hunters or predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M O Kapel
- Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the documentation of vital signs in children attending accident and emergency (A&E) for asthma and to assess whether indicators of severity were used appropriately. METHODS Records of all children aged 3 to 14 attending A&E for the treatment of asthma in four London hospitals over a three month period were examined for documentation of heart rate, respiratory rate, peak expiratory flow rate, oxygen saturation, and fraction of inspired oxygen. The relation between severity indicators and whether the child was admitted or not was examined. RESULTS There were 255 attendances in 229 children. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded on most attendances (94.5%, 85.5%, and 96.8%) but fraction of inspired oxygen and peak flow were recorded in few children (48.6% and 48.5%). Heart rate and respiratory rate were higher and oxygen saturation lower in children who were admitted compared with those who were not. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of airways obstruction is inadequate in children but when measured may be used appropriately to guide admission. There is a need for interventions to improve assessment of children attending A&E for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harvey
- Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In July 1995 the volcano on the West Indian island of Montserrat erupted after being inactive for several hundred years. Since then, clouds of ash have been released intermittently from the volcano. Some of this ash is <10 micro m in diameter and therefore respirable. Concerns were raised that the particles might cause respiratory problems. AIMS To evaluate whether ashfalls had any effect on the respiratory health of children in Montserrat. METHODS A survey of asthma diagnoses, respiratory symptoms, exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), and current and previous exposure to volcanic ash was carried out in schools in Montserrat during February 1998. RESULTS Questionnaire information was available for nearly 80% of the 443 children on the school rolls. The prevalence of wheeze symptoms in the previous 12 months was 18% in children aged 12 years and under and 16% in children aged 13 years and over. In children aged 12 and under, the prevalence of wheeze was greater in those who had ever been heavily or moderately exposed to volcanic ash compared with the group who had only ever been exposed to low levels (wheeze in last 12 months: odds ratio (OR) 4.30; wheeze ever: OR 3.45). The prevalence of EIB in 8-12 year olds was about four times higher in those who were currently heavily exposed to volcanic ash (OR 3.85) compared to those currently exposed to low levels. CONCLUSIONS Volcanic ash emissions adversely affected the respiratory health of Montserrat children. The findings emphasise the need to limit exposures of children to volcanic ash and ensure the appropriate management of respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Forbes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, King's College London, Capital House, 42 Weston Street, London SE1 3QD, UK
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Briggs C, Kunka S, Pennaneach C, Forbes L, Machin SJ. Performance evaluation of a new compact hematology analyzer, the Sysmex pocH-100i. Lab Hematol 2003; 9:225-33. [PMID: 14649465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Medical practitioners are searching for ways to improve the quality and outcome of care while decreasing cost. One technological advance that may facilitate this is point-of-care testing. The pocH-100i hematology analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan) is a compact device designed specifically for point-of-care testing environments. The analyzer provides a full blood count and a 3-part differential leukocyte count. A distinct advantage is that neutrophils are reported separately, which is useful for monitoring oncology patients. The device was evaluated in accordance with International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) guidelines for precision, linearity, carryover, and effects of sample aging. The pocH-100i analyzer was compared with the Sysmex KX-21N device. The results for all parameters tested were almost identical. When samples including blast cells, immature granulocytes, and nucleated red blood cells were excluded, the pocH-100i automated differential compared well with a 400-cell manual differential. Results for neutrophils (r2 = 0.996), lymphocytes (r2 = 0.999), and the "mixed" population of cells (r2 = 0.611) indicated the pocH-100i analyzer would be highly suitable for low-volume laboratories and near-patient services.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Briggs
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Mahmood T, Romans S, Forbes L. The future of specialist psychiatric services in rural New Zealand. N Z Med J 2001; 114:294-6. [PMID: 11480514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Mahmood
- Central Otago Community Mental Health Team, Healthcare Otago, Dunedin
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Serhir B, MacLean JD, Healey S, Segal B, Forbes L. Outbreak of trichinellosis associated with arctic walruses in northern Canada, 1999. Can Commun Dis Rep 2001; 27:31-6. [PMID: 11236393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Serhir
- National Centre for Parasitology (Serology), McGill Centre for Tropical Disease, Montreal General Hospital
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Gall D, Nielsen K, Forbes L, Cook W, Leclair D, Balsevicius S, Kelly L, Smith P, Mallory M. Evaluation of the fluorescence polarization assay and comparison to other serological assays for detection of brucellosis in cervids. J Wildl Dis 2001; 37:110-8. [PMID: 11272484 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement fixation test (CFT), competitive enzyme immunoassay (CELISA), indirect enzyme immunoassay (IELISA) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) were evaluated for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus and Brucella suis biotype 4 in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), elk (Cervus elapus), red deer (Cervus elapus), and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). When combining the data the FPA and the CELISA were determined to be the most suitable tests for serodiagnosis of Cervidae. The overall actual sensitivity of the CFT and the IELISA was 100%. The overall actual sensitivity for the CELISA and FPA was 99%. The overall relative specificity of the CFT (including treatment of anti-complementary data as positive or negative for analysis), the CELISA, the IELISA and the FPA were 65%, 93%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. The specificities of the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), the CFT, the CELISA, the FPA and the IELISA for 55 elk vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19 and tested 4 mo post vaccination were 14%, 31%, 51%, 84%, and 2%, respectively. The FPA is the diagnostic test of choice because it has sensitivity and specificity values comparable to the CELISA; it has the capability to distinguish vaccinal antibody and antibody resulting from exposure to cross-reacting organisms such as Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 from antibody to Brucella spp. in most cases; it is technically simple to do; it is adaptable to field use and it is relatively inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gall
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Forbes
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK
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Gall D, Nielsen K, Forbes L, Davis D, Elzer P, Olsen S, Balsevicius S, Kelly L, Smith P, Tan S, Joly D. Validation of the fluorescence polarization assay and comparison to other serological assays for the detection of serum antibodies to Brucella abortus in bison. J Wildl Dis 2000; 36:469-76. [PMID: 10941731 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-36.3.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of serological tests were compared for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in bison (Bison bison). The performance of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in both the preliminary evaluation and a subsequent blind validation indicated that this test was the most suitable for serological diagnosis of brucellosis in bison. The sensitivity and specificity in the preliminary evaluation were 92.1% and 99.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in a subsequent blind study were 96.3% and 97.6%, respectively. In a double blind study conducted on bison vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19, the data suggests that the FPA can differentiate bison infected with B. abortus from bison vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19. Both the indirect immunoassay (IELISA) and the competitive immunoassay (CELISA) performed nearly as well as the FPA. The buffered antigen plate agglutination test (BPAT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) did not perform as well as the FPA, CELISA or the IELISA in both studies. The FPA is a homogeneous assay eliminating the washing steps and reducing incubation to minutes rather than hours saving on time, equipment, materials, reagents and cost. These attributes, together, with its excellent sensitivity and specificity make the FPA an attractive test for the detection of serum antibodies to Brucella abortus in bison.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gall
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
There is some evidence that endogenous progesterone and oestrogen levels influence asthma severity in females, but little is known about the effects of hormonal contraceptives. This study aimed to describe how females with asthma perceived the effects of hormonal contraceptives on symptom severity, and to describe the association between asthma severity and current use of hormonal contraceptives. A questionnaire was sent to 891 females with asthma aged 20-30 yrs recruited from general practice registers in South London, UK. It asked about perceptions of the effects of hormonal contraceptives on asthma severity, about current use of hormonal contraceptives, and included an asthma quality of life questionnaire as a measure of asthma severity. About 6% of respondents who had ever used hormonal contraceptives reported that these had influenced asthma severity, -4% reporting worsening and 2% an improvement. There were no significant differences in asthma quality of life score between females currently taking hormonal contraceptives and those not, between those taking combined and progesterone-only preparations, or between users of different progestagen types. This study found no evidence of any important effect of hormonal contraceptives or their components on asthma severity in a group of females with relatively mild asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Forbes
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Guy's King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, Capital House, London, UK
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Leino L, Forbes L, Segal A, Cockcroft S. Reconstitution of GTPgammaS-induced NADPH oxidase activity in streptolysin-O-permeabilized neutrophils by specific cytosol fractions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 265:29-37. [PMID: 10548486 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
GTPgammaS activates the NADPH oxidase and this activity declines rapidly with time after preexposure to streptolysin O. This was not due to loss of p47(phox), p67(phox), or Rac. To identify the component(s) leaking out of the permeabilized cell responsible for loss of activity, a GTPgammaS-dependent reconstitution assay was established. Neutrophil cytosol was subjected to chromatographic fractionation steps for purification of the minimum fraction required to restore activity. The reconstitution of the GTPgammaS-stimulated activity was dependent on ATP. The inhibitors staurosporine and calphostin C greatly reduced the activity in the reconstitution assay, implicating the involvement of a protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. PKC isoforms beta and delta were eliminated as the active factors in the most pure reconstitution fraction. With this novel cell-based reconstitution assay, we have identified the requirement for a protein kinase, or its substrate, for the restoration of GTPgammaS activation of the NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leino
- Department of Physiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Forbes L, Chinn S, Figueroa-Muñoz J, Seed P. Is recruitment more difficult with a placebo arm in RCTs? Methodological issues will have affected results. BMJ 1999; 319:853-4. [PMID: 10496847 PMCID: PMC1116681 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7213.853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- L Forbes
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Guy's, King's and st Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK
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Abbott WG, Tan PL, Geursen A, Fraser JD, Forbes L, Simpson IJ, Yuan S, Skinner MA. TCRBV14S1 and rheumatoid arthritis revisited: abnormalities in the percentage of transcribed TCRBV14S1 family genes in PBMC from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Scand J Rheumatol 1998; 27:68-75. [PMID: 9506881 DOI: 10.1080/030097498441209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify Vbeta gene families that are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A PCR-based assay was used to compare the Vbeta repertoire of unstimulated PBMC from 18 RA patients and 18 matched controls. The influence of an HLA-DRB1-binding peptide (HA307-319) on the Vbeta repertoire of PBMC in culture was compared in 11 RA patients and 10 controls. There was a larger variance in the percentage of BV14S1 transcripts in unstimulated PBMC from RA patients than from controls (p = 0.0003). The mean percentage of BV14S1 transcripts was higher in RA patients when prednisone-treated RA patients were excluded from the analysis (p = 0.0006). In vitro stimulation with the HA307-319 peptide increased the percentage of BV14S1 transcripts in PBMC from RA patients (+ 1.5 +/- 0.4%, p < 0.005) but not controls (+ 0.3 +/- 0.2%, ns), and the difference between RA patients and controls was significant (p = 0.03). In conclusion, there is an association between RA and the BV14S1 gene family in New Zealand patients.
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MESH Headings
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA/analysis
- Female
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta/genetics
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DRB1 Chains
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Abbott
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
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Rudert F, Visser E, Forbes L, Lindridge E, Wang Y, Watson J. Identification of a silencer, enhancer, and basal promoter region in the human CD95 (Fas/APO-1) gene. DNA Cell Biol 1995; 14:931-7. [PMID: 7576179 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1995.14.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic clones for the human CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and CD40 genes have been isolated and 2.3 kb of the CD95 and 0.8 kb of the CD40 gene 5'-flanking regions sequenced. Comparisons of the human CD95 gene with the human CD40 and the murine CD40 and TNFR-II genes showed a low degree of sequence similarity. However, dot matrix analyses revealed conservation of two stretches between human CD95 (-387 to -362 and -288 to 261 in CD95) and murine TNFR-II genes. Additionally, TCCTCC motifs are present within 400 bp up-stream of the ATG of all genes examined. Repeated interferon-beta (IFN-beta) silencer B motifs and a lysozyme silencer 1 motif have been found in the CD95 gene at approximately -1,600 and -1,100, respectively. Sequence comparison of the 5'-flanking regions of the murine and human CD40 genes revealed the presence of a conserved AP-4 site and two SP-1 sites. CD95, CD40, and TNFR-II genes all lack classical TATA and CAAT boxes. However, a strongly increased frequency of CpG dinucleotides was found. Primer extension analysis revealed multiple transcriptional start sites in the CD95 gene, where the usage of individual start sites appeared to be cell type-specific. Functional analysis, using reporter constructs and transient transfections, identified a silencer activity residing between nucleotide positions -1,781 and -1007 and a strong enhancer region between -1,007 and -425 in the human CD95 gene. The region between -425 and -1 retained a basal promoter activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rudert
- Genesis Research and Development Corporation Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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Rudert F, Roos M, Forbes L, Watson J. Apoptosis in L929 cells expressing a CD40/Fas chimeric receptor: dissociation of stimulatory from inhibitory death signalling functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 204:1102-10. [PMID: 7526859 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A chimeric transmembrane receptor was constructed by fusing the extracellular domain of human CD40 to the transmembrane/intracellular domain of human Fas. When stably overexpressed in L929, the chimera retained the ligand binding specificity of CD40 and the basic signalling properties of Fas since an apoptotic response could be induced in a dose-dependent manner upon administration of recombinant, soluble CD40 ligand trimer or immobilized antiCD40 antibodies. However, this apoptotic response was independent of actinomycin D which is in contrast to results previously reported for L929 cells stably expressing wildtype human Fas. A labile protein factor was postulated to be responsible for inhibition of Fas-induced apoptosis in these cells. The apoptotic Fas signal tranduced by the chimeric CD40/Fas receptor is not regulated by this putative inhibitor. Our data suggest that the extracellular domains of CD40 and Fas form functionally similar mono- and multimeric structures and that the extracellular domain of Fas participates in the regulation of Fas-specific signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rudert
- Genesis Research and Development Corporation, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Leifson stain was modified to produce rapid staining of bacterial flagella on untreated microscope slides. The procedure was reliable when tested against a variety of motile and nonmotile bacteria.
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Maxfield D, Rodriguez J, Buettner M, Davis J, Forbes L, Kovacs R, Russel W, Schultz L, Smith R, Stanton J, Wai C. Heavy metal pollution in the sediments of the Coeur d'Alene river delta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(74)90002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gruenewald R, Levine S, Forbes L. Resistance to proteolytic degradation of myelin basic protein adsorbed on resin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1973; 143:750-2. [PMID: 4124184 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-143-37405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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