1
|
Massi F, Torriani SF, Waldner-Zulauf M, Bianco PA, Coatti M, Borsa P, Borghi L, Toffolatti SL. Characterization of Italian Plasmopara viticola populations for resistance to oxathiapiprolin. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:1243-1250. [PMID: 36433674 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxathiapiprolin is a novel fungicide and the first of the piperidinyl-thiazole-isoxazoline class to be discovered. This fungicide has been reported to have high activity against Plasmopara viticola, the grapevine downy mildew agent, and other plant-pathogenic oomycetes. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of Italian P. viticola populations towards oxathiapiprolin was established on 29 samples collected in 10 different viticultural areas. Two insensitive strains were characterized for their mechanism of resistance. RESULTS Oxathiapiprolin exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against 27 of the 29 populations tested, with EC50 values ranging from a minimum of under 4 × 10-5 mg L-1 to over 4 × 10-1 mg L-1 , with an average value of 3.2 × 10-2 mg L-1 . Two stable suspected oxathiapiprolin-resistant mutants were isolated from population exhibiting reduced sensitivity, and sequenced for the oxathiapiprolin target gene PvORP1. The comparison with wild-type isolates revealed that the resistant isolates possessed a heterozygous mutation causing the amino acid substitution N837I, recently reported in the literature. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate a risk for Italian P. viticola populations to develop resistance to oxathiapiprolin in association with the N837I mutation at PvORP1. Anti-resistance strategies should be carefully implemented and the sensitivity levels to this molecule should be monitored accurately in future to preserve its effectiveness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Massi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Piero A Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Coatti
- Syngenta Italia Spa, Viale Fulvio Testi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Borsa
- Syngenta Italia Spa, Viale Fulvio Testi, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia L Toffolatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ishii H, Cools HJ, Nishimura K, Borghi L, Kikuhara K, Yamaoka Y. DMI-Fungicide Resistance in Venturia nashicola, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab-How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture? Microorganisms 2021; 9:1377. [PMID: 34202715 PMCID: PMC8306131 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scab, caused by Venturia nashicola, is among the most serious diseases of Asian pears and control of this disease largely relies on sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, pear growers have complained about field performance of DMIs since the mid-2000s. In this study, to evaluate pathogen sensitivity, mycelial growth tests and inoculation tests were conducted using DMI-amended culture medium and fungicide-sprayed potted pear trees, respectively. Results confirmed distribution of isolates resistant to fenarimol, hexaconazole, and difenoconazole in the field populations. Importantly, results from tests in culture did not fully correlate with those from tests in planta. Due to phenotypic instability of resistance and poor sporulation of this pathogen in culture, resistance is generally assessed by laborious and time-consuming inoculation with conidia collected from a field. To improve the result interpretation from in vitro tests, the isolates were genotyped: the CYP51 gene which encodes the target sterol 14α-demethylase was sequenced and various mutations have been detected in the coding sequence of DMI-resistant isolates. In addition to the detected single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative mechanisms, not based on changes in the structure of the target protein, may also increase DMI resistance. Development of molecular methods for the diagnosis of DMI resistance seems to be challenging in V. nashicola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ishii
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan;
- Department of Agriculture, Kibi International University, Sareo 370-1, Shichi, Minami-Awaji 656-0484, Japan
| | - Hans Jorgen Cools
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, UK;
| | - Kumiko Nishimura
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan;
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, WST.820.2.79, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland;
| | - Kenji Kikuhara
- Fukuoka Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Yoshiki 587, Chikushino 818-8549, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Yamaoka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Banasiak J, Borghi L, Stec N, Martinoia E, Jasiński M. The Full-Size ABCG Transporter of Medicago truncatula Is Involved in Strigolactone Secretion, Affecting Arbuscular Mycorrhiza. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 32117367 PMCID: PMC7019051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant-derived signaling molecules that stimulate the hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and consequently promote symbiotic interaction between the fungus and the plant. Currently, our knowledge on the molecular mechanism of SL transport is restricted to the Solanaceae family. In the Solanaceae family, SL translocation toward the rhizosphere occurs through the exodermis via hypodermal passage cells and involves a member of the G subfamily, of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters. Most Fabaceae species, including those that are agriculturally important, have a different root anatomy compared to most angiosperm plants (i.e., lacking an exodermis). Thus, we have investigated how SL transport occurs in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Here, we show that overexpression of a SL transporter from petunia (PaPDR1) enhances AMF colonization rates in M. truncatula. This result demonstrates the importance of ABCG proteins for the translocation of orobanchol-type molecules to facilitate arbuscular mycorrhiza, regardless of root anatomy and phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, our research has led to the identification of Medicago ABCG59, a close homologue of Petunia PDR1, that exhibits root specific expression and is up-regulated by phosphate starvation as well as in the presence of rac-GR24, a synthetic SL. Its promoter is active in cortical cells, root tips, and the meristematic zone of nodules. The mtabcg59 loss-of-function mutant displayed a reduced level of mycorrhization compared to the WT plants but had no impact on the number of nodules after Sinorhizobium meliloti inoculation. The reduced mycorrhization indicates that less SLs are secreted by the mutant plants, which is in line with the observation that mtabcg59 exudates exhibit a reduced stimulatory effect on the germination of the parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa compared to the corresponding wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Stec
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Demurtas OC, de Brito Francisco R, Diretto G, Ferrante P, Frusciante S, Pietrella M, Aprea G, Borghi L, Feeney M, Frigerio L, Coricello A, Costa G, Alcaro S, Martinoia E, Giuliano G. ABCC Transporters Mediate the Vacuolar Accumulation of Crocins in Saffron Stigmas. Plant Cell 2019; 31:2789-2804. [PMID: 31548254 PMCID: PMC6881118 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentation is a key strategy enacted by plants for the storage of specialized metabolites. The saffron spice owes its red color to crocins, a complex mixture of apocarotenoid glycosides that accumulate in intracellular vacuoles and reach up to 10% of the spice dry weight. We developed a general approach, based on coexpression analysis, heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and in vitro transportomic assays using yeast microsomes and total plant metabolite extracts, for the identification of putative vacuolar metabolite transporters, and we used it to identify Crocus sativus transporters mediating vacuolar crocin accumulation in stigmas. Three transporters, belonging to both the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion and ATP binding cassette C (ABCC) families, were coexpressed with crocins and/or with the gene encoding the first dedicated enzyme in the crocin biosynthetic pathway, CsCCD2. Two of these, belonging to the ABCC family, were able to mediate transport of several crocins when expressed in yeast microsomes. CsABCC4a was selectively expressed in C. sativus stigmas, was predominantly tonoplast localized, transported crocins in vitro in a stereospecific and cooperative way, and was able to enhance crocin accumulation when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.plantcell;31/11/2789/FX1F1fx1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Diretto
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrante
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pietrella
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mistianne Feeney
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Coricello
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, 00123, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shiratake K, Notaguchi M, Makino H, Sawai Y, Borghi L. Petunia PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 Is a Strigolactone Short-Distance Transporter with Long-Distance Outcomes. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:1722-1733. [PMID: 31076773 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones of the strigolactone (SL) family have been characterized as negative regulators of lateral bud outgrowth and triggers of symbioses between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. SLs and their precursors are synthesized in root tips as well as along shoot and root vasculature; they either move shoot-wards and regulate plant architecture or are exuded from roots into the soil to establish mycorrhizal symbiosis. Owing to the difficulty in quantification of SL in shoot tissues because of low abundance, it is not yet clear how SL distribution in plants is regulated at short- and long-distances from SL biosynthetic and target tissues. To address this question, we grafted wild-type scions and rootstocks from different petunia mutants for SL biosynthesis/transport and investigated SL activity by quantifying lateral bud outgrowth in the main shoot. Based on these results, we show that (i) the previously reported petunia SL transporter PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 (PDR1) directly accounts for short-distance SL transport and (ii) long-distance transport of SLs seems to be partially and not directly dependent on PDR1. These data suggest that the root-to-shoot transport of SLs occurs either via the vasculature bundle through transporters other than PDR1 or involves SL precursors that are not substrates of PDR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruko Makino
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Sawai
- Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu G, Stirnemann M, Gübeli C, Egloff S, Courty PE, Aubry S, Vandenbussche M, Morel P, Reinhardt D, Martinoia E, Borghi L. Strigolactones Play an Important Role in Shaping Exodermal Morphology via a KAI2-Dependent Pathway. iScience 2019; 17:144-154. [PMID: 31276958 PMCID: PMC6611997 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of land plants have two suberized root barriers: the endodermis and the hypodermis (exodermis). Both barriers bear non-suberized passage cells that are thought to regulate water and nutrient exchange between the root and the soil. We learned a lot about endodermal passage cells, whereas our knowledge on hypodermal passage cells (HPCs) is still very scarce. Here we report on factors regulating the HPC number in Petunia roots. Strigolactones exhibit a positive effect, whereas supply of abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and auxin result in a strong reduction of the HPC number. Unexpectedly the strigolactone signaling mutant d14/dad2 showed significantly higher HPC numbers than the wild-type. In contrast, its mutant counterpart max2 of the heterodimeric receptor DAD2/MAX2 displayed a significant decrease in HPC number. A mutation in the Petunia karrikin sensor KAI2 exhibits drastically decreased HPC amounts, supporting the hypothesis that the dimeric KAI2/MAX2 receptor is central in determining the HPC number. Strigolactones induce the presence of hypodermal passage cells (HPC) in the root ABA, ethylene, auxin, and karrikins negatively regulate the density of HPC HPC density is regulated by the KAI2/MAX2 signaling pathway Hormonal cross talk regulates HPC density and therefore hypodermis permeability
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Stirnemann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Egloff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Aubry
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrice Morel
- Department of Reproduction and Plant Development, CNRS/INRA/ENS, 69634 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borghi L, Leone D, Poli S, Becattini C, Chelo E, Costa M, De Lauretis L, Ferraretti AP, Filippini C, Giuffrida G, Livi C, Luehwink A, Palermo R, Revelli A, Tomasi G, Tomei F, Vegni E. Patient-centered communication, patient satisfaction, and retention in care in assisted reproductive technology visits. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1135-1142. [PMID: 31077010 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between patient-centered communication, patients' satisfaction, and retention in care in assisted reproductive technology (ART) visits. METHODS ART visits at eight Italian clinics were videotaped and coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System, which includes a Patient-Centered Index (PCI), a summary "patient-centered communication" ratio. After the visit, patients completed a satisfaction questionnaire (SATQ). After 3 months, patients were asked about their retention in care. Spearman correlations and Mann-Whitney tests were used to test associations between the study variables; the open-ended item of SATQ was analyzed through content analysis. RESULTS Eighty-five visits were videotaped (involving 28 gynecologists and 160 patients). PCI score (μ = 0.51 ± 0.28) revealed a more disease-oriented communication during the visit. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction with the visit and identified in the information provision or in the doctor's humanity or kindness the main reasons of satisfaction. At the follow-up, the majority of the couples declared to have followed the clinicians' recommendations and to have remained related to the ART center. No associations were found among the study variables, except for a lower male satisfaction among couples who declared to have changed ART clinic. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to what was expected, the style of physician-patient communication was not found to be associated with patient satisfaction and retention in care. However, patients were highly satisfied and engaged. The actual meaning of a communication that is "patient-centered" in the ART context might be wider, including the couples' need for information, as suggested by qualitative findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.
| | - D Leone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- San Paolo University Hospital, Asst-Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - S Poli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - C Becattini
- Futura Assisted Reproductive Center, 50129, Florence, Italy
| | - E Chelo
- Demetra Assisted Reproductive Center, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - M Costa
- Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Assisted Reproductive Unit, 16122, Genoa, Italy
| | - L De Lauretis
- Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Assisted Reproductive Center, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - A P Ferraretti
- S.I.S.Me.R. Reproductive Medicine Unit, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - G Giuffrida
- CRA, Assisted Reproductive center, 95128, Catania, Italy
| | - C Livi
- Demetra Assisted Reproductive Center, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - A Luehwink
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari-Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Assisted Reproductive Unit, 38123, Arco, Italy
| | - R Palermo
- Ambra Assisted Reproductive Center, 90138, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Revelli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics I, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - G Tomasi
- CRA, Assisted Reproductive center, 95128, Catania, Italy
| | - F Tomei
- Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria degli Angeli, 33170, Pordenone, Italy
| | - E Vegni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- San Paolo University Hospital, Asst-Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leone D, Borghi L, Del Negro S, Becattini C, Chelo E, Costa M, De Lauretis L, Ferraretti AP, Giuffrida G, Livi C, Luehwink A, Palermo R, Revelli A, Tomasi G, Tomei F, Filippini C, Vegni E. Doctor-couple communication during assisted reproductive technology visits. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:877-886. [PMID: 29635461 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the characteristics of doctor-couple communication content during actual ART visits? SUMMARY ANSWER Physicians were mainly focused on providing biomedical information, while communication content from couples had a 2-fold focus on providing biomedical information and on positive talk. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Communication aspects in ART seem crucial for clinical decision-making, retention in care and critical conversations with couples due to low treatment success rates. However, no studies have been carried out on the actual interaction between the doctor and the couple in this context. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This observational study involved 28 clinicians and 160 patients referred to eight Italian ART clinics during a one-year recruitment period. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS ART visits at eight Italian clinics were videotaped. The visits were coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS), particularly focusing on RIAS composite categories, verbal dominance and patient-centeredness score. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 85 visits were eligible for analysis (62% acceptance rate), involving 28 clinicians and 160 patients (including 75 couples). The average visit duration was 37 ± 17.7 min. The mean verbal dominance was 1.9 ± 0.86 (range: 0.72-5.74). Physicians mainly focused on providing biomedical information. Communication content from couples had a 2-fold focus on providing biomedical information and on positive talk. The mean of patient centeredness index (PCI) was 0.51 (SD = 0.28; range 0.08-1.77); visits in which the doctor was a woman or the treatment indication was for heterologous fertilization showed higher PCI scores. Overall, females accounted for 67% of all patient talk. Taking this imbalance into account as expected frequencies for each composite category, males reported significantly more utterances in almost all of the socioemotional categories. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These results are preliminary and observational and only regard Italy. Communication during visits may have been biased since the professionals who agreed to participate showed an interest in communication issues. Another limitation is a possible Hawthorne effect due to the fact that participants were aware of being videotaped. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study showed that ART physicians mainly adopted an informative model of communication and a more disease-oriented approach. Findings revealed the complexity of communication content during ART consultations, given its triadic characteristic in which the third party is also a patient; clinicians should be aware of this complex aspect and of the specific male and female perspectives to be taken into account. The results could be useful for training ART professionals. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was possible thanks to an unconditional grant from Ferring Spa to the Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan. There are no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Leone
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - L Borghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - S Del Negro
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - C Becattini
- Assisted Reproductive Center, Futura Diagnostica Medica, Florence 50129, Italy
| | - E Chelo
- Demetra Assisted Reproductive Center, Florence 50141, Italy
| | - M Costa
- Assisted Reproductive Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Genoa 16122, Italy
| | - L De Lauretis
- Assisted Reproductive Center, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - A P Ferraretti
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, S.I.S.Me.R., Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - G Giuffrida
- CRA, Assisted Reproductive Center, Catania 95128, Italy
| | - C Livi
- Demetra Assisted Reproductive Center, Florence 50141, Italy
| | - A Luehwink
- Assisted Reproductive Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari-Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Arco 38123, Italy
| | - R Palermo
- Ambra Assisted Reproductive Center, Palermo 90138, Italy
| | - A Revelli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics I, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - G Tomasi
- CRA, Assisted Reproductive Center, Catania 95128, Italy
| | - F Tomei
- Assisted Reproductive Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - C Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - E Vegni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan 20142, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borghi L, Kang J, de Brito Francisco R. Filling the Gap: Functional Clustering of ABC Proteins for the Investigation of Hormonal Transport in planta. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31057565 PMCID: PMC6479136 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate a myriad of plant processes, from seed germination to reproduction, from complex organ development to microelement uptake. Much has been discovered on the factors regulating the activity of phytohormones, yet there are gaps in knowledge about their metabolism, signaling as well as transport. In this review we analyze the potential of the characterized phytohormonal transporters belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette family (ABC proteins), thus to identify new candidate orthologs in model plants and species important for human health and food production. Previous attempts with phylogenetic analyses on transporters belonging to the ABC family suggested that sequence homology per se is not a powerful tool for functional characterization. However, we show here that sequence homology might indeed support functional conservation of characterized members of different classes of ABC proteins in several plant species, e.g., in the case of ABC class G transporters of strigolactones and ABC class B transporters of auxinic compounds. Also for the low-affinity, vacuolar abscisic acid (ABA) transporters belonging to the ABCC class we show that localization-, rather than functional-clustering occurs, possibly because of sequence conservation for targeting the tonoplast. The ABC proteins involved in pathogen defense are phylogenetically neighboring despite the different substrate identities, suggesting that sequence conservation might play a role in their activation/induction after pathogen attack. Last but not least, in case of the multiple lipid transporters belong to different ABC classes, we focused on ABC class D proteins, reported to transport/affect the synthesis of hormonal precursors. Based on these results, we propose that phylogenetic approaches followed by transport bioassays and in vivo investigations might accelerate the discovery of new hormonal transport routes and allow the designing of transgenic and genome editing approaches, aimed to improve our knowledge on plant development, plant-microbe symbioses, plant nutrient uptake and plant stress resistance.
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu G, Bollier D, Gübeli C, Peter N, Arnold P, Egli M, Borghi L. Simulated microgravity and the antagonistic influence of strigolactone on plant nutrient uptake in low nutrient conditions. NPJ Microgravity 2018; 4:20. [PMID: 30345347 PMCID: PMC6193021 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-018-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-assisted space exploration will require efficient methods of food production. Large-scale farming in presence of an Earth-like atmosphere in space faces two main challenges: plant yield in microgravity and plant nutrition in extraterrestrial soils, which are likely low in nutrients compared to terrestrial farm lands. We propose a plant-fungal symbiosis (i.e. mycorrhiza) as an efficient tool to increase plant biomass production in extraterrestrial environments. We tested the mycorrhization of Solanaceae on the model plant Petunia hybrida using the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis under simulated microgravity (s0-g) conditions obtained through a 3-D random positioning machine. Our results show that s0-g negatively affects mycorrhization and plant phosphate uptake by inhibiting hyphal elongation and secondary branching. However, in low nutrient conditions, the mycorrhiza can still support plant biomass production in s0-g when colonized plants have increased SL root exudation. Alternatively, s0-g in high nutrient conditions boosts tissue-specific cell division and cell expansion and overall plant size in Petunia, which has been reported for other plants species. Finally, we show that the SL mimic molecule rac-GR24 can still induce hyphal branching in vitro under simulated microgravity. Based on these results, we propose that in nutrient limited conditions strigolactone root exudation can challenge the negative microgravity effects on mycorrhization and therefore might play an important role in increasing the efficiency of future space farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bollier
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Peter
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Arnold
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Egli
- Institute of Medical Engineering, HSLU Lucerne, Obermattweg 9, 6052 Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen M, Arato M, Borghi L, Nouri E, Reinhardt D. Beneficial Services of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi - From Ecology to Application. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1270. [PMID: 30233616 PMCID: PMC6132195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is the most common symbiotic association of plants with microbes. AM fungi occur in the majority of natural habitats and they provide a range of important ecological services, in particular by improving plant nutrition, stress resistance and tolerance, soil structure and fertility. AM fungi also interact with most crop plants including cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, therefore, they receive increasing attention for their potential use in sustainable agriculture. Basic research of the past decade has revealed the existence of a dedicated recognition and signaling pathway that is required for AM. Furthermore, recent evidence provided new insight into the exchange of nutritional benefits between the symbiotic partners. The great potential for application of AM has given rise to a thriving industry for AM-related products for agriculture, horticulture, and landscaping. Here, we discuss new developments in these fields, and we highlight future potential and limits toward the use of AM fungi for plant production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Biology, Rte Albert Gockel, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Nouri
- Department of Biology, Rte Albert Gockel, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, Rte Albert Gockel, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Graziani G, Cantaluppi A, Casati S, Citterio A, Ponticelli C, Trifirò A, Borghi L, Sani E, Simoni I, Montanari A, Novarini A. Branched Chain and Aromatic free Amino Acids in Plasma and Skeletal Muscle of uremic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and CAPD. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139888400700208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasma and skeletal muscle free amino acids were measured in patients submitted to Hemodialysis (HD) or Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) in order to evaluate the effects of these different dialysis modalities on amino acid pools; the data were compared with those obtained in control subjects and in patients with advanced Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) not submitted to Regular Dialysis Treatment (RDT). Our findings show low intracellular concentrations of VAL, total Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) and TYR in uremic patients treated with CAPD but not in those undergoing HD. The observed differences in muscle amino acid pattern could be well explained by a changed amino acid metabolism regulation in CAPD, possibly related to the sustained hyperinsulinism and to an increased rate of hepatic protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Graziani
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano
| | - A. Cantaluppi
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano
| | - S. Casati
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano
| | - A. Citterio
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano
| | - C. Ponticelli
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano
| | - A. Trifirò
- Stazione Sperimentale per l'Industria delle Conserve Alimentari, Parma
| | - L. Borghi
- Istituto di Semeiotica Medica dell'Università, Parma
| | - E. Sani
- Istituto di Semeiotica Medica dell'Università, Parma
| | - I. Simoni
- Istituto di Semeiotica Medica dell'Università, Parma
| | - A. Montanari
- Istituto di Semeiotica Medica dell'Università, Parma
| | - A. Novarini
- Istituto di Semeiotica Medica dell'Università, Parma
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu G, Pfeifer J, de Brito Francisco R, Emonet A, Stirnemann M, Gübeli C, Hutter O, Sasse J, Mattheyer C, Stelzer E, Walter A, Martinoia E, Borghi L. Changes in the allocation of endogenous strigolactone improve plant biomass production on phosphate-poor soils. New Phytol 2018; 217:784-798. [PMID: 29083039 PMCID: PMC5765447 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones shaping plant architecture and inducing the symbiosis with endomycorrhizal fungi. In Petunia hybrida, SL transport within the plant and towards the rhizosphere is driven by the ABCG-class protein PDR1. PDR1 expression is regulated by phytohormones and by the soil phosphate abundance, and thus SL transport integrates plant development with nutrient conditions. We overexpressed PDR1 (PDR1 OE) to investigate whether increased endogenous SL transport is sufficient to improve plant nutrition and productivity. Phosphorus quantification and nondestructive X-ray computed tomography were applied. Morphological and gene expression changes were quantified at cellular and whole tissue levels via time-lapse microscopy and quantitative PCR. PDR1 OE significantly enhanced phosphate uptake and plant biomass production on phosphate-poor soils. PDR1 OE plants showed increased lateral root formation, extended root hair elongation, faster mycorrhization and reduced leaf senescence. PDR1 overexpression allowed considerable SL biosynthesis by releasing SL biosynthetic genes from an SL-dependent negative feedback. The increased endogenous SL transport/biosynthesis in PDR1 OE plants is a powerful tool to improve plant growth on phosphate-poor soils. We propose PDR1 as an as yet unexplored trait to be investigated for crop production. The overexpression of PDR1 is a valuable strategy to investigate SL functions and transport routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Johannes Pfeifer
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 2Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Rita de Brito Francisco
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Aurelia Emonet
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire VégétaleFaculté de Biologie et MédecineBiophoreLausanneCH‐1015Switzerland
| | - Marina Stirnemann
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hutter
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Sasse
- Carnegie Institution for Science1530 P Street NWWashingtonDC20005USA
| | - Christian Mattheyer
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am MainTheodor‐W.‐Adorno‐Platz 1Frankfurt am Main60323Germany
| | - Ernst Stelzer
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt am MainTheodor‐W.‐Adorno‐Platz 1Frankfurt am Main60323Germany
| | - Achim Walter
- Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 2Zurich8092Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZurichZollikerstrasse 107Zurich8008Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sasse J, Schlegel M, Borghi L, Ullrich F, Lee M, Liu GW, Giner JL, Kayser O, Bigler L, Martinoia E, Kretzschmar T. Petunia hybrida PDR2 is involved in herbivore defense by controlling steroidal contents in trichomes. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:2725-2739. [PMID: 27628025 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As a first line of defense against insect herbivores many plants store high concentrations of toxic and deterrent secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes. Plant Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR)-type ABC transporters are known secondary metabolite transporters, and several have been implicated in pathogen or herbivore defense. Here, we report on Petunia hybrida PhPDR2 as a major contributor to trichome-related chemical defense. PhPDR2 was found to localize to the plasma membrane and be predominantly expressed in multicellular glandular trichomes of leaves and stems. Down-regulation of PhPDR2 via RNA interference (pdr2) resulted in a markedly higher susceptibility of the transgenic plants to the generalist foliage feeder Spodoptera littoralis. Untargeted screening of pdr2 trichome metabolite contents showed a significant decrease in petuniasterone and petuniolide content, compounds, which had previously been shown to act as potent toxins against various insects. Our findings suggest that PhPDR2 plays a leading role in controlling petuniasterone levels in leaves and trichomes of petunia, thus contributing to herbivory resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Sasse
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schlegel
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Ullrich
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Kayser
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ridolo E, Albertini R, Borghi L, Meschi T, Montanari E, Dall'Aglio PP. Acute Polyradiculoneuropathy Occurring after Hymenoptera Stings: A Clinical Case Study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:385-90. [PMID: 15888260 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hymenoptera stings may be responsible for both local and systemic reactions; these can be immediate or delayed, depending on the time between the sting and the development of signs or symptoms. Delayed clinical reactions have been reported, although unusual, due to serum sickness and/or affecting organs or systems generally not involved in the immediate reaction, such as heart, kidneys, central and peripheral nervous systems. This paper describes the clinical and immunological findings in a 51-year-old subject, who, after two stings of paper wasps, the second one after the third venom immunotherapy (VIT) injection, presented immediate large local and systemic allergic ractions which quickly improved after e.v. methilprednisolone administration. About 40 hours later, he developed acute polyradiculoneuropathy with muscle weakness, paresthesia, difficulties in standing up and walking. Skin tests and specific IgE determination showed allergy to paper wasp. The activation, by wasp venom, of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in primary culture, evaluated by tritiated thymidine incorporation proliferation assay, showed an important hypersensitivity to wasp venom. Therefore our results suggest the hypothesis that the polyradiculoneurtis causative etiopathogenetic mechanism might be a delayed immunological response to wasp antigens followed by an allergy-triggered autoimmune reaction, as previously suggested by other authors; they found lymphocytic infiltrates in demyelinization areas and at perivascular levels, by histologic examination of autoptical and bioptical material of patients with nervous system lesions after hymenoptera stings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ridolo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universiy of Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Borghi L, Liu GW, Emonet A, Kretzschmar T, Martinoia E. The importance of strigolactone transport regulation for symbiotic signaling and shoot branching. Planta 2016; 243:1351-60. [PMID: 27040840 PMCID: PMC4875938 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the role of strigolactone transport in regulating plant root and shoot architecture, plant-fungal symbiosis and the crosstalk with several phytohormone pathways. The authors, based on their data and recently published results, suggest that long-distance, as well local strigolactone transport might occur in a cell-to-cell manner rather than via the xylem stream. Strigolactones (SLs) are recently characterized carotenoid-derived phytohormones. They play multiple roles in plant architecture and, once exuded from roots to soil, in plant-rhizosphere interactions. Above ground SLs regulate plant developmental processes, such as lateral bud outgrowth, internode elongation and stem secondary growth. Below ground, SLs are involved in lateral root initiation, main root elongation and the establishment of the plant-fungal symbiosis known as mycorrhiza. Much has been discovered on players and patterns of SL biosynthesis and signaling and shown to be largely conserved among different plant species, however little is known about SL distribution in plants and its transport from the root to the soil. At present, the only characterized SL transporters are the ABCG protein PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 from Petunia axillaris (PDR1) and, in less detail, its close homologue from Nicotiana tabacum PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 6 (PDR6). PDR1 is a plasma membrane-localized SL cellular exporter, expressed in root cortex and shoot axils. Its expression level is regulated by its own substrate, but also by the phytohormone auxin, soil nutrient conditions (mainly phosphate availability) and mycorrhization levels. Hence, PDR1 integrates information from nutrient availability and hormonal signaling, thus synchronizing plant growth with nutrient uptake. In this review we discuss the effects of PDR1 de-regulation on plant development and mycorrhization, the possible cross-talk between SLs and other phytohormone transporters and finally the need for SL transporters in different plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Faculté de biologie et médecine, Département de biologie moléculaire végétale, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bombarely A, Moser M, Amrad A, Bao M, Bapaume L, Barry CS, Bliek M, Boersma MR, Borghi L, Bruggmann R, Bucher M, D'Agostino N, Davies K, Druege U, Dudareva N, Egea-Cortines M, Delledonne M, Fernandez-Pozo N, Franken P, Grandont L, Heslop-Harrison JS, Hintzsche J, Johns M, Koes R, Lv X, Lyons E, Malla D, Martinoia E, Mattson NS, Morel P, Mueller LA, Muhlemann J, Nouri E, Passeri V, Pezzotti M, Qi Q, Reinhardt D, Rich M, Richert-Pöggeler KR, Robbins TP, Schatz MC, Schranz ME, Schuurink RC, Schwarzacher T, Spelt K, Tang H, Urbanus SL, Vandenbussche M, Vijverberg K, Villarino GH, Warner RM, Weiss J, Yue Z, Zethof J, Quattrocchio F, Sims TL, Kuhlemeier C. Insight into the evolution of the Solanaceae from the parental genomes of Petunia hybrida. Nat Plants 2016; 2:16074. [PMID: 27255838 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Petunia hybrida is a popular bedding plant that has a long history as a genetic model system. We report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of inbred derivatives of its two wild parents, P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6. The assemblies include 91.3% and 90.2% coverage of their diploid genomes (1.4 Gb; 2n = 14) containing 32,928 and 36,697 protein-coding genes, respectively. The genomes reveal that the Petunia lineage has experienced at least two rounds of hexaploidization: the older gamma event, which is shared with most Eudicots, and a more recent Solanaceae event that is shared with tomato and other solanaceous species. Transcription factors involved in the shift from bee to moth pollination reside in particularly dynamic regions of the genome, which may have been key to the remarkable diversity of floral colour patterns and pollination systems. The high-quality genome sequences will enhance the value of Petunia as a model system for research on unique biological phenomena such as small RNAs, symbiosis, self-incompatibility and circadian rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 490 West Campus Dr., Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Michel Moser
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Avichai Amrad
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Laure Bapaume
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, 6 Rte Albert Gockel, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cornelius S Barry
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Boersma
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstr. 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nunzio D'Agostino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura (CREA-ORT), via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano (Sa) Italy
| | - Kevin Davies
- Department of Breeding and Genomics, Plant and Food Research, Auckland, 120 Mt Albert Road, Mount Albert, Sandringham 1142, New Zealand
| | - Uwe Druege
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Kühnhäuserstr. 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2063, USA
| | - Marcos Egea-Cortines
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universita degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant Propagation, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Kühnhäuserstr. 101, 99090 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Laurie Grandont
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J S Heslop-Harrison
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jennifer Hintzsche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Mitrick Johns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Ronald Koes
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaodan Lv
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, iPlant Collaborative, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Diwa Malla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant and Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstr. 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Neil S Mattson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Patrice Morel
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), ENS de Lyon/CNRS/INRA/UCBL, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Joëlle Muhlemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2063, USA
| | - Eva Nouri
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, 4 Rte Albert Gockel, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Passeri
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universita degli Studi di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Qinzhou Qi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, 3 Rte Albert Gockel, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Rich
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, 5 Rte Albert Gockel, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Katja R Richert-Pöggeler
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tim P Robbins
- Department of Crop and Plant Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UL LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael C Schatz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University and Research Center, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kees Spelt
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haibao Tang
- School of Plant Sciences, iPlant Collaborative, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Susan L Urbanus
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), ENS de Lyon/CNRS/INRA/UCBL, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Kitty Vijverberg
- Radboud University, FNWI, IWWR, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo H Villarino
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Ryan M Warner
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Julia Weiss
- Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Zhen Yue
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jan Zethof
- Radboud University, FNWI, IWWR, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Quattrocchio
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Sims
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Cris Kuhlemeier
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nouvenne A, Ticinesi A, Lauretani F, Maggio M, Lippi G, Prati B, Borghi L, Meschi T. The Prognostic Value of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Prealbumin for Short-term Mortality in Acutely Hospitalized Multimorbid Elderly Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:462-8. [PMID: 26999249 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the predictive value on mortality after 2 months from hospital admission of two laboratory markers of nutritional and inflammatory status, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and prealbumin, in a cohort of frail multimorbid elderly without terminal illness. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Internal medicine ward of a large teaching hospital in Italy. PARTICIPANTS 544 Caucasian patients with acute disease consecutively admitted from January to June 2013. 102 were excluded for being younger than 65 years old, having life expectancy <30 days or not having frailty syndrome. Further 42 patients were excluded for missing data or withdrawn at follow-up. Final analysis was performed on 400 subjects (179 M, 221 F, mean age 79±10). MEASUREMENTS Serum prealbumin and hs-CRP were measured at admission. Death within 2 months from hospital admission was assessed through a telephonic interview with the caregiver for each patient discharged alive. Inhospital mortality was also recorded. Survival was calculated from date of admission to our unit. RESULTS Mean prealbumin at admission was 17.3±7.7 mg/dl, while hs-CRP median was 24.2 mg/L (IQR 8.7 to 51.8). 108 patients (27%) died within two months from admission. In an age- and sex-adjusted analysis, log(hs-CRP) levels at admission, but not prealbumin, were independently associated with an increased risk for mortality (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.66, p<0.001). After multiple adjustments for covariates, including comorbidity burden measured through Charlson score, log(hs-CRP) remained significantly associated with mortality (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.76, p=0.01). A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to test the predictive value of hs-CRP at admission on two-month mortality (AUC 0.68, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.72, p<0.001). Cut-off value was set at 38.4 mg/L. After dichotomization of hs-CRP values according to this cut-off, hs-CRP≥38.4 mg/L at admission proved to be a significant risk factor for mortality (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.58, p=0.006). CONCLUSION Serum hs-CRP, but not prealbumin, values at admission are predictors of short-term mortality at hospital admission in elderly multimorbid patients. Inflammation seems to affect prognosis more than malnutrition in this setting and may therefore guide clinicians' attitude towards therapeutic choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nouvenne
- Antonio Nouvenne M.D., Ph. D. University of Parma, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy, Phone: +39 0521 703626, Mobile: +39 3492258317, Fax: +39 0521 702383, e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rossi P, Borghi L, Ferro R, Mencarelli R. A population of 1136 HPV DNA-HR positive women: expression of p16(INK4a)/Ki67 Dual-Stain Cytology and cytological diagnosis. Histological correlations and cytological follow up. Pathologica 2015; 107:185-191. [PMID: 26946874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to evaluate, in a selected HR-HPV positive population, the clinical performance of the p16/ki67 immunostaining in all the cytological diagnoses, as a reflex test of triage HPV-cytology, and assess the usefulness of p16/ki67-staining to classify CIN1 according to its risk of progression/regression in order to plan a personalized follow-up. METHODS Our analysis was in consecutive cases of 1136 women aged 25-64 years, asymptomatic, HR-HPV DNA HC2 tested positive in a HPV-screening program, from February to December 2011. All the women had a cervical sample, in the Thin Prep, used for cytological diagnosis and for pI6/Ki67 dual- staining. Histological correlations were 442. We studied the follow-up of two years of 387 cases, especially the biological behaviour of 316 low-grade lesions. RESULTS pI6/Ki67 dual-staining increases the VPP CIN2+ and NPV CIN2+, especially in atrophy/dystrophy, in ASC-US and LSIL. In follow-up of 387 cases, 71 CIN2+ and 316 CIN1, 69 CIN2+, after surgical treatment, had a negative follow up; two cases of CIN2 (p16/ki67-) without invasive treatments, had a spontaneous regression. Among the 316 CIN1, progression was observed in 10 women (4 pI6/Ki67 + and 6 pI6/Ki67 -); regression in 260 women (64 p16/Ki67 + and 196 p16/Ki67-); 46 women had a persistent LSIL (9 pI6/Ki67 + and 37 p16/Ki67-). It seems no significant differences in the biological behaviour in relation to the expression of the two biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS pI6/Ki67 immunostaining increases sensitivity of cytology in some diagnostic categories. After follow up of two years, a personalized and adequate treatment does not seem still possible. Further studies and trials are required to improve the management of the cervical lesions in HPV-based screening strategies.
Collapse
|
20
|
Borghi L, Elia GF, Trapassi MR, Barbarese F, Melloni E, Amato F, Guerra A, Novarini A. Urinary composition in normal men on usual diet and life-style. A study of 30 consecutive days. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 58:21-4. [PMID: 3691129 DOI: 10.1159/000414480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Borghi
- Istituto di Semeiotica Medica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Villa R, Ravasio G, Ferraresi C, Zonca A, Carli S, Borghi L, Cagnardi P. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy. N Z Vet J 2015; 63:162-6. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2014.987329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
22
|
Sasse J, Simon S, Gübeli C, Liu GW, Cheng X, Friml J, Bouwmeester H, Martinoia E, Borghi L. Asymmetric localizations of the ABC transporter PaPDR1 trace paths of directional strigolactone transport. Curr Biol 2015; 25:647-55. [PMID: 25683808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, first discovered as germination stimulants for parasitic weeds [1], are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that play major roles in inhibiting lateral bud outgrowth and promoting plant-mycorrhizal symbiosis [2-4]. Furthermore, strigolactones are involved in the regulation of lateral and adventitious root development, root cell division [5, 6], secondary growth [7], and leaf senescence [8]. Recently, we discovered the strigolactone transporter Petunia axillaris PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 (PaPDR1), which is required for efficient mycorrhizal colonization and inhibition of lateral bud outgrowth [9]. However, how strigolactones are transported through the plant remained unknown. Here we show that PaPDR1 exhibits a cell-type-specific asymmetric localization in different root tissues. In root tips, PaPDR1 is co-expressed with the strigolactone biosynthetic gene DAD1 (CCD8), and it is localized at the apical membrane of root hypodermal cells, presumably mediating the shootward transport of strigolactone. Above the root tip, in the hypodermal passage cells that form gates for the entry of mycorrhizal fungi, PaPDR1 is present in the outer-lateral membrane, compatible with its postulated function as strigolactone exporter from root to soil. Transport studies are in line with our localization studies since (1) a papdr1 mutant displays impaired transport of strigolactones out of the root tip to the shoot as well as into the rhizosphere and (2) DAD1 expression and PIN1/PIN2 levels change in plants deregulated for PDR1 expression, suggestive of variations in endogenous strigolactone contents. In conclusion, our results indicate that the polar localizations of PaPDR1 mediate directional shootward strigolactone transport as well as localized exudation into the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Sasse
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sibu Simon
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christian Gübeli
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xi Cheng
- Wageningen UR, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Wageningen UR, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lippi G, Meschi T, Picanza A, Nouvenne A, Borghi L, Cervellin G. The prevalence of hyponatremia increases with ageing in an Italian emergency department population. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Cederholm T, Nouvenne A, Ticinesi A, Maggio M, Lauretani F, Ceda GP, Borghi L, Meschi T. The role of malnutrition in older persons with mobility limitations. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:3173-7. [PMID: 24050166 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Movement disability has a high prevalence in elderly population, either healthy or with chronic disease. Impaired nutritional status is a very common condition in geriatric patients too, especially if we consider elderly subjects admitted to hospital. There are growing evidences that nutrition and disability are strictly interconnected. On the one side, nutritional status is one of the multiple elements that influence the onset and the course of a functional disability; on the other side, disability itself may contribute to malnutrition onset and worsening. Nutrition may not be the sole factor involved in movement impairment in the elderly, but consciousness of its importance in frail elderly population is growing among clinicians and scientific community. In this paper we review the existing knowledge of these complex relationships, discussing the main observational and interventional studies that explored the role of nutrition in movement disability onset and recovery. We also point out how specific kinds of diet, such as Mediterranean diet or high-protein diet, are involved in disability prevention. Finally, we take a look at the existing evidence of the role of single nutrient dietary intake, such as carotenoids, selenium or vitamin D, in mobility impairment in the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T Meschi
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Parma University Hospital, via A. Gramsci 14 - 43126 Parma - Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shu H, Nakamura M, Siretskiy A, Borghi L, Moraes I, Wildhaber T, Gruissem W, Hennig L. Arabidopsis replacement histone variant H3.3 occupies promoters of regulated genes. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R62. [PMID: 24708891 PMCID: PMC4054674 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-4-r62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone variants establish structural and functional diversity of chromatin by affecting nucleosome stability and histone-protein interactions. H3.3 is an H3 histone variant that is incorporated into chromatin outside of S-phase in various eukaryotes. In animals, H3.3 is associated with active transcription and possibly maintenance of transcriptional memory. Plant H3 variants, which evolved independently of their animal counterparts, are much less well understood. Results We profile the H3.3 distribution in Arabidopsis at mono-nucleosomal resolution using native chromatin immunoprecipitation. This results in the precise mapping of H3.3-containing nucleosomes, which are not only enriched in gene bodies as previously reported, but also at a subset of promoter regions and downstream of the 3′ ends of active genes. While H3.3 presence within transcribed regions is strongly associated with transcriptional activity, H3.3 at promoters is often independent of transcription. In particular, promoters with GA motifs carry H3.3 regardless of the gene expression levels. H3.3 on promoters of inactive genes is associated with H3K27me3 at gene bodies. In addition, H3.3-enriched plant promoters often contain RNA Pol II considerably upstream of the transcriptional start site. H3.3 and RNA Pol II are found on active as well as on inactive promoters and are enriched at strongly regulated genes. Conclusions In animals and plants, H3.3 organizes chromatin in transcribed regions and in promoters. The results suggest a function of H3.3 in transcriptional regulation and support a model that a single ancestral H3 evolved into H3 variants with similar sub-functionalization patterns in plants and animals.
Collapse
|
26
|
Carotenuto AM, Borghi L, Paltrinieri S, Giordano A, Moretti P, Giancamillo MD. Serum biochemical response to contrast media administration in anaesthetised dogs. Vet Rec 2013; 172:101. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Carotenuto
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - L. Borghi
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - S. Paltrinieri
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - A. Giordano
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - P. Moretti
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| | - M. Di Giancamillo
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 20133 Milano Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Comelli I, Lippi G, Mossini G, Gonzi G, Meschi T, Borghi L, Cervellin G. The dark side of the QT interval. The Short QT Syndrome: pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management. Emerg Care J 2012. [DOI: 10.4081/ecj.2012.3.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
28
|
Oliveira M, Lima I, Borghi L, Lopes R. X-ray microtomography application in pore space reservoir rock. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1376-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
Cervellin G, Comelli I, Comelli D, Meschi T, Lippi G, Borghi L. Mean temperature and humidity variations, along with patient age, predict the number of visits for renal colic in a large urban Emergency Department: results of a 9-year survey. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2012; 2:31-8. [PMID: 23856396 PMCID: PMC7320360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A marked geographic variability has been reported in stone disease, partially attributed to the Mean Annual Temperature (MAT), as well as to the seasonal fluctuations of climatic conditions. Accordingly, peaks in Emergency Department (ED) visits for renal colic are commonplace during the summer. Materials and methods: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of day-by-day climate changes on the number of visits as a result of renal colic in the ED (City of Parma, northern Italy, temperate continental climate). A total of 10,802 colic episodes were retrieved from the database during a period of 3286 days (January 2002 to December 2010). Results: The analysis of the data confirms a peak of renal colic cases during the summer, especially in July (maximum number of 4.1 cases of renal colic per day), and a winter nadir (minimum number of 2.7 cases of renal colic per day, in February). The linear regression analysis shows a high and significant correlation between the mean number of cases of renal colic per day and both the mean daily temperature (positive association, R = 0.93; p < 0.0001) and the mean daily humidity (negative association, R = −0.82; p < 0.0001). The influence of temperature and humidity on the incidence of renal colic cases varied widely among age groups, the highest incidence seen in patients aged between 30 and 40 years, and the lowest seen for those aged <20 and >70 years of age. Conclusion: The combined data suggest that the hot and dry climate would favor an acceleration of the process of stone formation, which seems more pronounced in the older population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cervellin
- U.O. Pronto Soccorso e Medicina d'Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kretzschmar T, Kohlen W, Sasse J, Borghi L, Schlegel M, Bachelier JB, Reinhardt D, Bours R, Bouwmeester HJ, Martinoia E. A petunia ABC protein controls strigolactone-dependent symbiotic signalling and branching. Nature 2012; 483:341-4. [PMID: 22398443 DOI: 10.1038/nature10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones were originally identified as stimulators of the germination of root-parasitic weeds that pose a serious threat to resource-limited agriculture. They are mostly exuded from roots and function as signalling compounds in the initiation of arbuscular mycorrhizae, which are plant-fungus symbionts with a global effect on carbon and phosphate cycling. Recently, strigolactones were established to be phytohormones that regulate plant shoot architecture by inhibiting the outgrowth of axillary buds. Despite their importance, it is not known how strigolactones are transported. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, however, are known to have functions in phytohormone translocation. Here we show that the Petunia hybrida ABC transporter PDR1 has a key role in regulating the development of arbuscular mycorrhizae and axillary branches, by functioning as a cellular strigolactone exporter. P. hybrida pdr1 mutants are defective in strigolactone exudation from their roots, resulting in reduced symbiotic interactions. Above ground, pdr1 mutants have an enhanced branching phenotype, which is indicative of impaired strigolactone allocation. Overexpression of Petunia axillaris PDR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in increased tolerance to high concentrations of a synthetic strigolactone, consistent with increased export of strigolactones from the roots. PDR1 is the first known component in strigolactone transport, providing new opportunities for investigating and manipulating strigolactone-dependent processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kretzschmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gutzat R, Borghi L, Gruissem W. Emerging roles of RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED proteins in evolution and plant development. Trends Plant Sci 2012; 17:139-48. [PMID: 22240181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) proteins are plant homologs of the human tumor suppressor pRB. Similar to their animal counterparts they have roles in cell cycle regulation and differentiation. We discuss recent findings of the evolution of RBR functions ranging from a molecular ruler and metabolic integrator in algae to a coordinator of differentiation in gametophytes. Genetic analysis and manipulation of protein levels during gametophytic and post-embryonic plant development are now providing new insights into the function of RBR in stem cell maintenance, cell specification and differentiation. We briefly explain interactions of RBR with chromatin-modifying complexes that appear to be a central underlying molecular mechanism during developmental transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gutzat
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Universitaetsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gutzat R, Borghi L, Fütterer J, Bischof S, Laizet Y, Hennig L, Feil R, Lunn J, Gruissem W. RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED PROTEIN controls the transition to autotrophic plant development. Development 2011; 138:2977-86. [PMID: 21693514 DOI: 10.1242/dev.060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seedling establishment is a crucial phase during plant development when the germinating heterotrophic embryo switches to autotrophic growth and development. Positive regulators of embryonic development need to be turned off, while the cell cycle machinery is activated to allow cell cycle entry and organ primordia initiation. However, it is not yet understood how the molecular mechanisms responsible for the onset of cell division, metabolism changes and cell differentiation are coordinated during this transition. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis thaliana RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein (RBR) ortholog of the animal tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (pRB) not only controls the expression of cell cycle-related genes, but is also required for persistent shut-down of late embryonic genes by increasing their histone H3K27 trimethylation. Seedlings with reduced RBR function arrest development after germination, and stimulation with low amounts of sucrose induces transcription of late embryonic genes and causes ectopic cell division. Our results suggest a model in which RBR acts antagonistically to sucrose by negatively regulating the cell cycle and repressing embryonic genes. Thus, RBR is a positive regulator of the developmental switch from embryonic heterotrophic growth to autotrophic growth. This establishes RBR as a new integrator of metabolic and developmental decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gutzat
- Department of Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gotsis A, Kerasidou IA, Gagalis A, Risggits A, Theodoridis D, Koutsogianni A, Borghi L, Bozia P, Benechoutsou M, Panagiotidou A. MS452 PARAMETERS AFFECTING PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. AN AMI REGISTRY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Gotsis A, Kerasidou IA, Gagalis A, Risggits A, Theodoridis D, Koutsogianni A, Borghi L, Bozia P, Benechoutsou M, Panagiotidou A. MS487 CORRELATION OF IIB–IIIA INHIBITORS' ADMINISTRATION AND PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. AN AMI REGISTRY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
35
|
Borghi L, Gutzat R, Fütterer J, Laizet Y, Hennig L, Gruissem W. Arabidopsis RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED is required for stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation, and lateral organ production. Plant Cell 2010; 22:1792-811. [PMID: 20525851 PMCID: PMC2910961 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.074591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Several genes involved in the regulation of postembryonic organ initiation and growth have been identified. However, it remains largely unclear how developmental cues connect to the cell cycle. RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED (RBR) is a plant homolog of the tumor suppressor Retinoblastoma (pRb), which is a key regulator of the cell cycle. Using inducible RNA interference (RNAi) against Arabidopsis thaliana RBR (RBRi), we reduced RBR expression levels at different stages of plant development. Conditional reduction or loss of RBR function disrupted cell division patterns, promoted context-dependent cell proliferation, and negatively influenced establishment of cell differentiation. Several lineages of toti- and pluripotent cells, including shoot apical meristem stem cells, meristemoid mother cells, and procambial cells, failed to produce appropriately differentiated cells. Meristem activity was altered, leading to a disruption of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL feedback loop and inhibition of lateral organ formation. Release of RBR from RNAi downregulation restored meristem activity. Gene profiling analyses soon after RBRi induction revealed that a change in RBR homeostasis is perceived as a stress, even before genes regulated by RBR-E2F become deregulated. The results establish RBR as a key cell cycle regulator required for coordination of cell division, differentiation, and cell homeostasis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gotsis A, Kerasidou IA, Gagalis A, Risggits A, Theodoridis D, Koutsogianni A, Borghi L, Bozia P, Konstantarakis M, Panagiotidou A. MS485 PARAMETERS AFFECTING PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. AN AMI REGISTRY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Congedo M, Causarano RI, Alberti F, Bonito V, Borghi L, Colombi L, Defanti CA, Marcello N, Porteri C, Pucci E, Tarquini D, Tettamanti M, Tiezzi A, Tiraboschi P, Gasparini M. Ethical issues in end of life treatments for patients with dementia. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:774-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
The essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise 2 main classes: n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. The most common source of n-6 fatty acids is linoleic acid (LA) which is found in high concentrations in various vegetable oils. Arachidonic acid (AA), the 20-carbon n-6 fatty acid, is obtained largely by synthesis from LA in the body. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) are found in fish and fish oils. Long-Chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and lipid mediators derived from LCPUFAs have critical roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes including bone metabolism. There are different mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect bone: effect on calcium balance, effect on osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast activity, change of membrane function, decrease in inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), modulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Animal studies have shown that a higher dietary omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids ratio is associated with beneficial effects on bone health. In spite of increasing evidence of the positive effects of dietary fats on bone metabolism from animal and in vitro studies, the few studies conducted in humans do not allow us to draw a definitive conclusion on their usefulness in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maggio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical sciences, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Several systems for induction of transgene expression in plants have been described recently. Inducible systems were used mainly in tobacco, rice, Arabidopsis, tomato, and maize. Inducible systems offer researchers the possibility to deregulate gene expression levels at particular stages of plant development and in particular tissues of interest. The more precise temporal and spatial control, obtained by providing the transgenic plant with the appropriate chemical compound or treatment, permits to analyze also the function of those genes required for plant viability. In addition, inducible systems allow promoting local changes in gene expression levels without causing gross alterations to the whole plant development. Here, protocols will be presented to work with five different inducible systems: AlcR/AlcA (ethanol inducible); GR fusions, GVG, and pOp/LhGR (dexamethasone inducible); XVE/OlexA (beta-estradiol inducible); and heat shock induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Borghi
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Meschi T, Nouvenne A, Prati B, Campaniello G, Borghi L. "Bed exchanger": the Italian way of swing-bed approach. A new possibility through an old tool. Qual Health Care 2009; 18:512. [DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2008.027854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
41
|
Vasini G, Bacchini G, Franciosi V, Ghidini C, Musolino A, Camisa R, Meschi T, Borghi L, Ardizzoni A. 1134 POSTER Survival prediction of terminally ill cancer patients by clinical and laboratory parameters: usefullness role of simple prognostic indicators. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
42
|
Defanti CA, Tiezzi A, Gasparini M, Gasperini M, Congedo M, Tiraboschi P, Tarquini D, Pucci E, Porteri C, Bonito V, Sacco L, Stefanini S, Borghi L, Colombi L, Marcello N, Zanetti O, Causarano R, Primavera A. Ethical questions in the treatment of subjects with dementia. Part I. Respecting autonomy: awareness, competence and behavioural disorders. Neurol Sci 2007; 28:216-31. [PMID: 17690856 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-006-0825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The document deals with some ethical issues raised by the treatment of demented people. In particular the conceptual and empirical aspects of the assessment of awareness and competence of these patients are analysed, as well as the dilemmas related to the treatment of behavioral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Defanti
- Centro Alzheimer, Ospedale Briolini, Gazzaniga (BG), and Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Genova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Plant lateral organs are initiated as small protrusions on the flanks of shoot apical meristems. Organ primordia are separated from the remainder of the meristem by distinct cell types that create a morphological boundary. The Arabidopsis thaliana gain-of-function mutant jagged lateral organs-D (jlo-D) develops strongly lobed leaves, indicative of KNOX gene misexpression, and the shoot apical meristem arrests organ initiation prematurely, terminating in a pin-like structure. The JLO gene, a member of the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARY DOMAIN gene family, is expressed in boundaries between meristems and organ primordia and during embryogenesis. Inducible JLO misexpression activates expression of the KNOX genes SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and KNAT1 in leaves and downregulates the expression of PIN auxin export facilitators. Consequently, bulk auxin transport through the inflorescence stem is drastically reduced. During embryogenesis, JLO is required for the initiation of cotyledons and development beyond the globular stage. Converting JLO into a transcriptional repressor causes organ fusions, showing that during postembryonic development, JLO function is required to maintain the integrity of boundaries between cell groups with indeterminate or determinate fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Borghi
- Institut für Genetik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cabassi A, Parenti E, Moschini L, Calzolari M, Vinci S, Borghetti A, Cavazzini S, Bocchi A, Di Mascio D, Zambrelli P, Caiazza A, Biggi A, Montanari A, Borghi L, Fiaccadori E. Combined Effects of Diet and Antihypertensive Drugs on Adipose Metabolism in Overweight Hypertensive Patients. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2007. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200714030-00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
45
|
Schönrock N, Bouveret R, Leroy O, Borghi L, Köhler C, Gruissem W, Hennig L. Polycomb-group proteins repress the floral activator AGL19 in the FLC-independent vernalization pathway. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1667-78. [PMID: 16778081 PMCID: PMC1482485 DOI: 10.1101/gad.377206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins form a cellular memory by maintaining developmental regulators in a transcriptionally repressed state. We identified a novel flowering gene that is under PcG control in Arabidopsis--the MADS-box gene AGL19. AGL19 expression is maintained at very low levels by the PcG proteins MSI1, CLF, and EMF2, and AGL19 is partly responsible for the early flowering phenotype of clf mutants. AGL19 chromatin is strongly enriched in trimethylation of Lys 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) but not in H3K9me2. Repressive H3K27me3 marks were reduced by decreased CLF or MSI1 levels and by prolonged cold, suggesting that the PcG proteins MSI1 and CLF repress AGL19 in the absence of cold. Ectopic expression of AGL19 strongly accelerates flowering, and agl19 mutants have a decreased response to vernalization, the promotion of flowering by prolonged cold. Epistasis analyses revealed that AGL19 works in the poorly characterized FLC-independent vernalization pathway and does not require SOC1 to function. In this pathway, prolonged cold relieves AGL19 from PcG repression by a mechanism that requires VIN3 but not VRN2. Elevated AGL19 levels activate LFY and AP1 and eventually cause flowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schönrock
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Center, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gasparini M, Bonito V, Leonardi M, Tarquini D, Colombi L, Congedo M, Marcello N, Causarano R, Gasperini M, Rizzo M, Porteri C, Borghi L, Primavera A, Defanti CA. Neurologists and patients’ associations: alliances and conflicts. Neurol Sci 2006; 27:194-204. [PMID: 16897635 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-006-0669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Gasparini
- Ambulatorio di Neurologia, A.O. Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Müller R, Borghi L, Kwiatkowska D, Laufs P, Simon R. Dynamic and compensatory responses of Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems to CLV3 signaling. Plant Cell 2006; 18:1188-98. [PMID: 16603652 PMCID: PMC1456859 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the stem cell population of the shoot system is controlled by regulatory circuitry involving the WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA (CLV1-3) genes. WUS signals from the organizing center (OC) to promote stem cell fate at the meristem apex. Stem cells express the secreted peptide CLV3 that activates a signal transduction cascade to restrict WUS expression, thus providing a feedback mechanism. Stem cell homeostasis is proposed to be achieved by balancing these signals. We tested the dynamics of CLV3 signaling using an inducible gene expression system. We show here that increasing the CLV3 signal can very rapidly repress WUS expression during development, which in turn causes a fast reduction of CLV3 expression. We demonstrate that increased CLV3 signaling restricts meristem growth and promotes allocation of peripheral meristem cells into organ primordia. In addition, we extend the current model for stem cell control by showing that meristem homeostasis tolerates variation in CLV3 levels over a 10-fold range and that high-level CLV3 signaling can be partially compensated with time, indicating that the level of CLV3 expression communicates only limited information on stem cell number to the underlying OC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Müller
- Institut für Genetik der Heinrich-Heine Universität, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fiaccadori E, Maggiore U, Rotelli C, Parenti E, Giacosa R, Cabassi A, Meschi T, Borghi L. [Artificial nutrition in acute renal failure]. G Ital Nefrol 2006; 23 Suppl 36:S112-9. [PMID: 17068738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial nutrition in course of acute renal failure (ARF) is reviewed, on the basis of recent concepts on epidemiology and prognosis of the syndrome in critically ill patients. The relationships between nutritional status and ARF are evaluated, analyzing the possible role of nutritional status alterations as comorbidities and complications; pathogenetic mechanisms and consequences of hypercatabolism are described, with special regard to the peculiar metabolic derangements which are the hallmark of ARF. The effects of artificial nutrition on mortality and morbility in ARF are illustrated, along with quantitative and qualitative aspects of nutritional support (energy and protein needs, trace elements, vitamins etc). A rational approach to nutritional management of ARF patients is proposed, stressing the potential role of enteral nutrition, as well as the need for a full integration between nutritional support and renal replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Fiaccadori
- Dipartimento di Clinica Medica, Nefrologia e Scienze della Prevenzione, Università degli Studi, Parma.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gotsis A, Bozia P, Dourtsiou S, Labrou A, Papadopoulou L, Savvopoulou A, Borghi L, Theodoridis D, Karras S, Panagiotidou A. We-P11:36 Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with newly diagnosed coronary artery disease. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
50
|
Bonito V, Caraceni A, Borghi L, Marcello N, Mori M, Porteri C, Casella G, Causarano R, Gasparini M, Colombi L, Defanti CA. The clinical and ethical appropriateness of sedation in palliative neurological treatments. Neurol Sci 2005; 26:370-85. [PMID: 16388377 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-005-0503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Bonito
- Neurologia, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, L.go Barozzi 1, I-24128 Bergamo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|