1
|
Montefinese M, Gregori L, Ravelli AA, Varvara R, Radicioni DP. CONcreTEXT norms: Concreteness ratings for Italian and English words in context. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293031. [PMID: 37862357 PMCID: PMC10588859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Concreteness is a fundamental dimension of word semantic representation that has attracted more and more interest to become one of the most studied variables in the psycholinguistic and cognitive neuroscience literature in the last decade. Concreteness effects have been found at both the brain and the behavioral levels, but they may vary depending on the constraints of the context and task demands. In this study, we collected concreteness norms for English and Italian words presented in different context sentences to allow better control and manipulation of concreteness in future psycholinguistic research. First, we observed high split-half correlations and Cronbach's alpha coefficients, suggesting that our ratings were highly reliable and can be used in Italian- and English-speaking populations. Second, our data indicate that the concreteness ratings are related to the lexical density and accessibility of the sentence in both English and Italian. We also found that the concreteness of words in isolation was highly correlated with that of words in context. Finally, we analyzed differences between nouns and verbs in concreteness ratings without significant effects. Our new concreteness norms of words in context are a valuable source of information for future research in both the English and Italian language. The complete database is available on the Open Science Framework (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/U3PC4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Montefinese
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gregori
- Department of Literature and Philosophy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Amelio Ravelli
- Department of Modern Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Varvara
- Department of French, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Carass A, Zuo L, He Y, Han S, Gregori L, Murray S, Mishra R, Lei J, Calabresi PA, Saidha S, Prince JL. Disentangled Representation Learning for OCTA Vessel Segmentation With Limited Training Data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2022; 41:3686-3698. [PMID: 35862335 PMCID: PMC9910788 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3193029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an imaging modality that can be used for analyzing retinal vasculature. Quantitative assessment of en face OCTA images requires accurate segmentation of the capillaries. Using deep learning approaches for this task faces two major challenges. First, acquiring sufficient manual delineations for training can take hundreds of hours. Second, OCTA images suffer from numerous contrast-related artifacts that are currently inherent to the modality and vary dramatically across scanners. We propose to solve both problems by learning a disentanglement of an anatomy component and a local contrast component from paired OCTA scans. With the contrast removed from the anatomy component, a deep learning model that takes the anatomy component as input can learn to segment vessels with a limited portion of the training images being manually labeled. Our method demonstrates state-of-the-art performance for OCTA vessel segmentation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Silveri M, Natali GL, Cobellis G, Roberti A, Rossi S, Gregori L, Torino G. Individualized robotic organ-sparing surgery in a paediatric case of renal perivascular epithelioid cell tumour. Int J Med Robot 2020; 16:1-4. [PMID: 32721101 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) represent a rare group of mesenchymal tumours with an unpredictable outcome. They are usually observed in middle-aged women whilst they are very rare in children, with limited cases described. Due to the rare anatomical location in kidneys, a correct diagnosis and treatment is really challenging. METHODS We observed and treated a case of kidney's PEComa in a 14-year-old boy. RESULTS An individualized approach based on anatomical (3D CT-reconstructions) and histopathological (US-guided preliminary biopsy) features lead us to perform a successful robotic-sparing surgery enabling the preservation of two-thirds of the kidney involved. CONCLUSIONS A meticulous preoperative planning in selected patients can lead to a minimally invasive approach even in some paediatric kidney's neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gian Luigi Natali
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cobellis
- Pediatric Urology and Surgery Unit, G. Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Agnese Roberti
- Pediatric Urology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gregori
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Torino
- Pediatric Urology and Surgery Unit, G. Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adorisio O, Silveri M, Ceriati E, Marchetti P, Orazi C, Colajacomo M, Gregori L, De Peppo F. Giant appendicolith causing severe lameness in a child. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:381-382. [PMID: 28317298 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ottavio Adorisio
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Silveri
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ceriati
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| | - Paola Marchetti
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| | - Cinzia Orazi
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| | - Mauro Colajacomo
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gregori
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| | - Francesco De Peppo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Palidoro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zugaro L, DI Staso M, Gravina GL, Bonfili P, Gregori L, Franzese P, Marampon F, Tombolini V, DI Cesare E, Masciocchi C. Treatment of osteolytic solitary painful osseous metastases with radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation: A retrospective study by propensity analysis. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1948-1954. [PMID: 26998106 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to measure the improvement in pain relief and quality of life in patients with osteolytic solitary painful bone metastasis treated by cryoablation (CA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Fifty patients with solitary osteolytic painful bone metastases were retrospectively studied and selected by propensity analysis. Twenty-five patients underwent CA and the remaining twenty-five underwent RFA. Pain relief, in terms of complete response (CR), the number of patients requiring analgesia and the changes in self-rated quality of life (QoL) were measured following the two treatments. Thirty-two percent of patients treated by CA experienced a CR at 12 weeks versus 20% of patients treated by RFA. The rate of CR increased significantly with respect to baseline only in the group treated by CA. In both groups there was a significant change in the partial response with respect to baseline (36% in the CA group vs. 44% in the RFA group). The recurrence rate in the CA and RFA groups was 12% and 8%, respectively. The reduction in narcotic medication requirements with respect to baseline was only significant in the group treated by CA. A significant improvement in self-rated QoL was observed in both groups. The present study seems to suggest that CA only significantly improves the rate of CR and decreases the requirement of narcotic medications. Both CA and RFA led to an improvement in the self-rated QoL of patients after the treatments. However, the results of the present study should be considered as preliminary and to serve as a framework around which future trials may be designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Zugaro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Mario DI Staso
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonfili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gregori
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Pietro Franzese
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, 'Sapienza' University, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ernesto DI Cesare
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Carlo Masciocchi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila Medical School, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carubbi F, Zugaro L, Cipriani P, Conchiglia A, Gregori L, Danniballe C, Letizia Pistoia M, Liakouli V, Ruscitti P, Ciccia F, Triolo G, Masciocchi C, Giacomelli R. Safety and efficacy of intra-articular anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents compared to corticosteroids in a treat-to-target strategy in patients with inflammatory arthritis and monoarthritis flare. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 29:252-66. [PMID: 26684633 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015593220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of ultrasonography (US)-guided intra-articular injections using tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers compared to corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients, experiencing refractory monoarthritis despite the current systemic therapy. Eighty-two patients were randomized to receive three intra-articular injections monthly of either corticosteroid or TNF blockers. Primary endpoints were the safety and an improvement greater than 20% for visual analogic scales of involved joint pain in patients injected with anti-TNFα. Further clinical, US, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations were considered secondary endpoints. Intra-articular TNF blockers are a safe strategy, determining a significant reduction of patient and physician reported clinical outcomes and US/MRI scores, in RA and PsA patients, when compared to intra-articular injections of corticosteroids. US guidance excluded the possibility to inject the drug in the wrong site, maximizing local effects, reducing systemic effects, and increasing the safety of the procedure. Patients with inflammatory monoarthritis could be successfully treated with US-guided intra-articular TNF blockers that are a safe and well tolerated procedure, to achieve a longstanding clinical and radiological good clinical response and/or disease remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carubbi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luigi Zugaro
- Department of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Gregori
- Department of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Maria Letizia Pistoia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Masciocchi
- Department of Radiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zoccali C, Rossi B, Zoccali G, Barbarino E, Gregori L, Barile A, Masciocchi C. A new technique for biopsy of soft tissue neoplasms: a preliminary experience using MRI to evaluate bleeding. Minerva Med 2015; 106:117-120. [PMID: 25901366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Zoccali
- Oncological Orthopedics Department, Muscular‑Skeletal Tissue Bank, IFO Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy -
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Piccardo P, Cervenak J, Yakovleva O, Gregori L, Pomeroy K, Cook A, Muhammad FS, Seuberlich T, Cervenakova L, Asher DM. Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) infected with the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy develop tau pathology. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:84-93. [PMID: 22018806 PMCID: PMC3288625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were infected experimentally with the agent of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Two to four years later, six of the monkeys developed alterations in interactive behaviour and cognition and other neurological signs typical of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). At necropsy examination, the brains from all of the monkeys showed pathological changes similar to those described in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) of man, except that the squirrel monkey brains contained no PrP-amyloid plaques typical of that disease. Constant neuropathological features included spongiform degeneration, gliosis, deposition of abnormal prion protein (PrP(TSE)) and many deposits of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau) in several areas of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Western blots showed large amounts of proteinase K-resistant prion protein in the central nervous system. The striking absence of PrP plaques (prominent in brains of cynomolgus macaques [Macaca fascicularis] with experimentally-induced BSE and vCJD and in human patients with vCJD) reinforces the conclusion that the host plays a major role in determining the neuropathology of TSEs. Results of this study suggest that p-Tau, found in the brains of all BSE-infected monkeys, might play a role in the pathogenesis of TSEs. Whether p-Tau contributes to development of disease or appears as a secondary change late in the course of illness remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Piccardo
- Laboratory of Bacterial and TSE Agents, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coste J, Prowse C, Grabmer C, Schennach H, Santos Prado Scuracchio P, Wendel SN, Germain M, Delage G, Krusius T, Ekblom-Kullberg S, Tiberghien P, O’Riordan J, Murphy WG, Flesland Ø, Turner M, Williamson L, Gregori L, Epstein J, Asher D, Panzer S, Reesink HW. Prion reduction of red-blood-cells. Vox Sang 2012; 103:260-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
10
|
Neisser-Svae A, Bailey A, Gregori L, Heger A, Jordan S, Behizad M, Reichl H, Römisch J, Svae TE. Prion removal effect of a specific affinity ligand introduced into the manufacturing process of the pharmaceutical quality solvent/detergent (S/D)-treated plasma OctaplasLG®. Vox Sang 2009; 97:226-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Hamir AN, Richt JA, Kunkle RA, Greenlee JJ, Bulgin MS, Gregori L, Rohwer RG. Characterization of a US Sheep Scrapie Isolate with Short Incubation Time. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:1205-12. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0258-h-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scrapie is a naturally occurring fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. Susceptibility to the disease is partly dependent upon the genetic makeup of the host. In a previous study it was shown that sheep intracerebrally inoculated with US scrapie inoculum (No. 13–7) developed terminal disease within an average of 19 months. We have since produced an inoculum, No. x124 from pooled brains of US-origin sheep scrapie, that results in incubations nearly threefold shorter. The present study documents clinicopathologic findings and the distribution of abnormal prion proteins (PrPSc) by immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques, in tissues of sheep inoculated with No. x124. All inoculated sheep developed clinical disease and were euthanatized within an average of 7.7 months postinoculation (MPI). Sheep that had valine/valine or alamine/valine at codon 136 of prion protein ( PRNP) gene developed the disease faster and were euthanatized at an average of 4.3 and 5.6 MPI, respectively. Also, the inoculum was able to induce disease in a short time (7 MPI) in a sheep that was relatively resistant (QR at codon 171) to scrapie. This indicates that inoculum No. x124 appears to induce scrapie in shorter time than inoculum No. 13–7, especially in sheep homozygous or heterozygous for valine at codon 136.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Hamir
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA
| | - J. A. Richt
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA
| | - R. A. Kunkle
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA
| | | | - M. S. Bulgin
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Caldwell, ID
| | - L. Gregori
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - R. G. Rohwer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gregori L, Rohwer RG. Characterization of scrapie-infected and normal hamster blood as an experimental model for TSE-infected human blood. Dev Biol (Basel) 2007; 127:123-33. [PMID: 17486885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ideally, the distribution and separation properties of blood-associated infectivity in humans infected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) would be investigated using endogenously infected human blood. However, technical limitations prevent these studies. We report here an extensive comparison of component separations of TSE-infected and normal hamster blood with normal human blood to evaluate its suitability as a model for TSE-infected human blood. Two leukotrap filtration systems were used to assess the similarities and differences in cell separation and distribution between human and hamster blood. Human-sized units of scrapie-infected hamster whole blood pools were produced, leukoreduced and processed following current standard blood bank procedures. Three centrifugation steps were performed, and all but one centrifugation resulted in cell separations both similar to those obtained with human blood and in compliance with the American Association of Blood Banks standards. Analysis of white blood cell removal by leukoreduction indicated that all filters performed within specification. The only deviation from human blood was for hamster platelets, which were not retained by the whole blood leukoreduction filter and partitioned together with red blood cells when blood was centrifuged to produce platelet rich plasma. This study indicates that hamster blood is a realistic substitute for human blood for investigations of the component distribution of TSE infectivity in blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gregori
- Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1524, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gregori L, Lambert BC, Rohwer RG. P29 Macopharma Prion Capture (P-CAPT?) Filter Removes Brain-Derived Prion In Leucoreduced Human RBC. Transfus Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_29.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Rohwer RG, Gregori L, Gurgel PV, Lathrop JT, Edwardson P, Lambert B, Carbonell R, Burton SJ, Hammond DJ. P30 Removal of the Endogenous TSE Infectivity From Blood Using PRDT TSE Affinity Resin And Integration Of The Resin Into The Macopharma P-CAPT? Filter. Transfus Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00694_30.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Gregori L, Maring JA, MacAuley C, Dunston B, Rentsch M, Kempf C, Rohwer RG. Partitioning of TSE infectivity during ethanol fractionation of human plasma. Biologicals 2004; 32:1-10. [PMID: 15026020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2003] [Accepted: 08/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of validating processes for their capacity to inactivate a range of non-enveloped and enveloped viruses also provides confidence that plasma products will be safe from emerging viral pathogens with known aetiology. Of greater concern are diseases of unknown or poorly defined aetiology such as the group of neurological diseases collectively called the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, for which the best known human disease is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and its variant form (vCJD). The goal of the current study was to investigate the potential for manufacturing steps used in the production of albumin and immunoglobulin products by Kistler-Nitschmann fractionation, and the utility of nanofiltration of immunoglobulin to remove TSE agents. Two different scrapie model systems were used. In the first system infectious material used for spiking was scrapie sheep brain homogenate with infectivity titres being measured in hamsters. In the second system purified scrapie agent was used (PrP fibrils) with Western blot analysis measuring reduction in the proteinase K resistant form being used as a measure of removal. The data demonstrated substantial removal of the infectious agent by the manufacturing process in both model systems although some differences were observed in partitioning of the two different infectious materials. The hamster infectivity studies were shown to be approximately 1000 fold more sensitive than the Western Blot assay. The data from both studies provide added confidence that these plasma products are safe with respect to their potential to transmit TSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gregori
- Molecular Neurovirology Laboratory, Medical Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Minor P, Newham J, Jones N, Bergeron C, Gregori L, Asher D, van Engelenburg F, Stroebel T, Vey M, Barnard G, Head M. Standards for the assay of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease specimens. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:1777-1784. [PMID: 15166463 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.79959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Assays for the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) include measurement of infectivity in different animal systems, such as wild-type or transgenic mice, and detection of PrP(Sc) by different methods and formats. The various assays could be best calibrated against each other by use of uniform readily available materials, and samples of four human brains, two from sporadic CJD patients, one from a variant CJD patient and one from a non-CJD patient, have been prepared as 10% homogenates dispensed in 2000 vials each for this purpose. Results of in vitro methods, particularly immunoblot assays, were compared in the first collaborative study described here. While dilution end-points varied, the minimum detectable volume was surprisingly uniform for most assays and differences in technical procedure, other than the sample volume tested, had no detectable systematic effect. The two specimens from sporadic CJD cases contained both type 1 and type 2 prion proteins in approximately equal proportions. The materials have been given the status of reference reagents by the World Health Organization and are available for further study and assessment of other in vitro or in vivo assay procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Minor
- NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - J Newham
- National Transfusion Microbiology Reference Lab, National Blood Service, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5BG, UK
| | - N Jones
- NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK
| | - C Bergeron
- University of Toronto, CRND, Tanz Building, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, West Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
| | - L Gregori
- VA Medical Centre, Mailstop 151, Room 3C-128, 10N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - D Asher
- FDA CBER, Division of Emerging and Transfusion-transmitted Diseases, OBRR, CBER, FDA HFM310, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA
| | - F van Engelenburg
- Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, PO BOX 9190, 1066 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Stroebel
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austrian Reference Centre for Human Prion Diseases, AKH 4J, A-1097 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Vey
- Aventis Behring GmbH, Postfach 1230, 35002 Marburg, Germany
| | - G Barnard
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EG, UK
| | - M Head
- National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
De Vrij FM, Sluijs JA, Gregori L, Fischer DF, Hermens WT, Goldgaber D, Verhaagen J, Van Leeuwen FW, Hol EM. Mutant ubiquitin expressed in Alzheimer's disease causes neuronal death. FASEB J 2001; 15:2680-8. [PMID: 11726544 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0438com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-B+1 (UBB+1) is a mutant ubiquitin that accumulates in the neurones of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report on the biochemical and functional differences between ubiquitin and UBB+1 and the effect of the mutant protein on neuronal cells. UBB+1 lacks the capacity to ubiquitinate, and although it is ubiquitinated itself, UBB+1 is not degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system and is quite stable in neuronal cells. Overexpression of UBB+1 in neuroblastoma cells significantly induces nuclear fragmentation and cell death. Our results demonstrate that accumulation of UBB+1 in neurones is detrimental and may contribute to neuronal dysfunction in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M De Vrij
- Graduate School for Neurosciences Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Research Group Molecular Misreading, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dranovsky A, Vincent I, Gregori L, Schwarzman A, Colflesh D, Enghild J, Strittmatter W, Davies P, Goldgaber D. Cdc2 phosphorylation of nucleolin demarcates mitotic stages and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurobiol Aging 2001; 22:517-28. [PMID: 11445251 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin is a major multifunctional nuclear phosphoprotein that is phosphorylated by Cdc2 kinase in mitosis and that participates in a number of cellular processes. The monoclonal antibody TG-3 generated against neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly specific for mitotic cells in culture. We here demonstrate that phosphorylation of nucleolin by Cdc2 kinase generates the TG-3 epitope. The unique pool of TG-3 immunoreactive nucleolin appears abruptly during the prophase. It is associated with chromosomes through the metaphase and it gradually disappears during separation of chromosomes and exit from mitosis. In the brain, nucleolin was localized not only to nuclei but also to neuronal cytoplasm, and it is a marker for early NFT. In patients with AD, Cdc2 phosphorylated nucleolin was present in NFT. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of nucleolin by Cdc2 kinase is a critical event and the point of convergence of two distinct pathways, mitosis and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dranovsky
- Medical Scientist Training Program, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Vsx-1 is a paired-like : CVC homeobox protein dynamically expressed during zebrafish development. Previous results indicate that Vsx-1 influences bipolar cell differentiation and maintenance of these cells in the adult retina. To understand the developmental regulation of this transcription factor, we investigated ubiquitination as a possible posttranslational mechanism. In vitro, Vsx-1 was conjugated with multiple ubiquitin moieties. Proteasome inhibitors and added ubiquitin increased the accumulation of Vsx-1-ubiquitin(n) complexes and stabilized unmodified Vsx-1. Also, in transiently transfected COS-7 cells, Vsx-1 is ubiquitinated, and pulse-chase experiments show that Vsx-1 proteolysis occurs. Vsx-1 proteins with C-terminal deletions retained the capacity for initial modification by ubiquitin but lost the capacity for efficient chain elongation. These results show that Vsx-1 is a substrate of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and suggest that C-terminal sequences of Vsx-1 are critical for ubiquitin chain elongation. In addition, our findings suggest that ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis regulates Vsx-1 during zebrafish retinal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Kurtzman
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, Institute for Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schwarzman AL, Singh N, Tsiper M, Gregori L, Dranovsky A, Vitek MP, Glabe CG, St George-Hyslop PH, Goldgaber D. Endogenous presenilin 1 redistributes to the surface of lamellipodia upon adhesion of Jurkat cells to a collagen matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:7932-7. [PMID: 10393925 PMCID: PMC22165 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease cases are caused by mutations in the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene. Subcellular localization of the endogenous PS1 is essential for understanding its function, interactions with proteins, and role in Alzheimer's disease. Although numerous studies revealed predominant localization of PS1 to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, there are conflicting reports on the localization of PS1 to the cell surface. We found that endogenous PS1 is highly expressed in T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells). Using a variety of methods, we present evidence that endogenous PS1 is localized to the cell surface in addition to intracellular membrane compartments. Moreover, PS1 appeared in high levels on the surface of lamellipodia upon adhesion of the cells to a collagen matrix. The redistribution of PS1 in adhered cells was strikingly similar to that of the well characterized adhesion protein CD44. Cell surface PS1 formed complexes in vivo with actin-binding protein filamin (ABP-280), which is known to form bridges between cell surface receptors and cytoskeleton and mediate cell adhesion and cell motility. Taken together, our results suggest a role of PS1 in cell adhesion and/or cell-matrix interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Schwarzman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Covalent binding of ubiquitin to proteins marks them for degradation by the ubiquitin/ATP-dependent pathway. This pathway plays a major role in the breakdown of abnormal proteins that result from oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and mutations. Failure to eliminate ubiquitinated proteins disrupts cellular homeostasis, causing degeneration. Inclusions containing ubiquitinated proteins are commonly detected in many neurological disorders. These aggregates are mostly cytosolic; nevertheless, ubiquitinated inclusions are found in endosomes/lysosomes in Alzheimer's disease and prion encephalopathies, and in nuclei in disorders associated with CAG/polyglutamine repeats, such as Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxias. Ubiquitinated aggregates must result from a malfunction or overload of the ubiquitin/ATP-dependent pathway or from structural changes in the protein substrates, halting their degradation. Prevention of protein aggregation in these diseases might offer new therapeutic leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Alves-Rodrigues
- Dept of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders of aging are characterized by the intraneuronal accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates into tangles and inclusions. Ubiquitin conjugates are degraded by cellular particles known as proteasomes. We have previously shown that amyloid beta protein (Abeta) inhibits proteasomal activity and thereby blocks ubiquitin conjugate degradation. In the present studies, we found that Abeta binds the 20 S proteasome and forms a proteasome-Abeta complex. The complex was detected by Western blot with anti-Abeta antibodies. Using a 1.4 nm Nanogold-labeled Abeta, we visualized proteasome-Abeta complexes by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Analysis of the side-on oriented proteasome-Abeta complexes revealed a single gold particle, corresponding to one gold-labeled Abeta, in the middle portion of the proteasome. On end-on views of proteasome-Abeta complexes, gold was detected within the area delimited by the proteasome circular projection. Both STEM views are consistent with Abeta localization inside the proteasome along the peptide channel. Direct interaction of Abeta with the inner catalytic compartment of the proteasome may explain the generation of ubiquitin-containing lesions in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, detection of Nanogold-labeled peptide inside the 20 S eukaryotic proteasome suggests that conformational constraints for protein degradation in eukaryotic proteasomes are different from those in archaebacteria proteasomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gregori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pontieri E, Gregori L, Gennarelli M, Ceddia T, Novelli G, Dallapiccola B, De Bernardis F, Carruba G. Correlation of SfiI macrorestriction endonuclease fingerprint analysis of Candida parapsilosis isolates with source of isolation. J Med Microbiol 1996; 45:173-8. [PMID: 8810943 DOI: 10.1099/00222615-45-3-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SfiI macrorestriction digests from whole chromosome DNA preparations of 46 isolates of Candida parapsilosis from vaginal (20 isolates), blood (23 isolates) and soil (three isolates) sources were examined by CHEF-MAPPER pulsed-field electrophoresis. The isolates were grouped into nine macrorestriction endonuclease fingerprint (MEF) classes according to the number or size of the macrorestriction fragments, or both. The electrophoretic karyotype (EK) was also examined and found to contain 18 karyotypic classes (named A-R). A comparison between SfiI MEF and EK demonstrated that the former correlated much better than the latter with the source of C. parapsilosis isolates. Five SfiI classes (I-V) contained only vaginal isolates (or vaginal and three soil isolates, class I), and the blood isolates were distributed between four classes (VI-IX). This relationship was less evident with the EK classes as several of these were composed of both vaginal and blood isolates (B, G, L and M). The three soil isolates were in class A which also included one vaginal isolate. We conclude that SfiI macrorestriction endonuclease patterns seem to be useful in discriminating among C. parapsilosis isolates, with apparent association with source of isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Pontieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Goldgabe D, Gregori L. 763 Amyloid β protein interaction with the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent protein degradation pathway. Neurobiol Aging 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
25
|
Gregori L, Fuchs C, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Van Nostrand WE, Goldgaber D. Amyloid beta-protein inhibits ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in vitro. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:19702-8. [PMID: 7649980 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates in inclusion bodies and neurofibrillary tangles is a pathological feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome and of normal aging of the brain. Amyloid beta-protein (A beta) and its precursor are found in neurofibrillary tangle-containing neurons. A beta is the major component of extracellular plaques. We showed that A beta acts as an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in vitro. We examined the effect of A beta on the steps of this proteolytic pathway that contribute to the level of ubiquitin conjugates in the cell. Neither conjugate formation nor conjugate deubiquitination was affected by the presence of A beta. However, A beta significantly reduced the rate of conjugate degradation. Our results indicate that A beta interacts with the proteolytic step of the ubiquitin degradative pathway. Since this step is performed by the 26 S proteasome, the effect of A beta on the catalytic core of this proteolytic complex, the 20 S proteasome, was determined. We found that A beta selectively inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20 S proteasome. Under pathological conditions in the affected neuron, A beta could interfere with ubiquitin-dependent degradation by inhibiting the 26 S proteasome activity. This finding may explain the origin of the accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gregori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gregori L, Bhasin R, Goldgaber D. Ubiquitin-mediated degradative pathway degrades the extracellular but not the intracellular form of amyloid beta-protein precursor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 203:1731-8. [PMID: 7945322 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ubiquitin and ubiquitin conjugates has been detected in patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the role of ubiquitin in the degradation of amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) and its participation in the process of amyloid beta-protein formation. APP was tested as a substrate for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, using both the extracellular and the intracellular forms of APP770, APP751 and APP695. The intracellular APP forms did not show appreciable ubiquitin-mediated degradation. In contrast, the three extracellular forms of APP were degraded in vitro by this proteolytic pathway, with similar degradation rates. Our results suggest a potential regulatory role for the ubiquitin-dependent degradation mechanism in the in vivo APP metabolic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gregori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schwarzman AL, Gregori L, Vitek MP, Lyubski S, Strittmatter WJ, Enghilde JJ, Bhasin R, Silverman J, Weisgraber KH, Coyle PK. Transthyretin sequesters amyloid beta protein and prevents amyloid formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:8368-72. [PMID: 8078889 PMCID: PMC44607 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.18.8368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardinal pathological features of Alzheimer disease are depositions of aggregated amyloid beta protein (A beta) in the brain and cerebrovasculature. However, the A beta is found in a soluble form in cerebrospinal fluid in healthy individuals and patients with Alzheimer disease. We postulate that sequestration of A beta precludes amyloid formation. Failure to sequester A beta in Alzheimer disease may result in amyloidosis. When we added A beta to cerebrospinal fluid of patients and controls it was rapidly sequestered into stable complexes with transthyretin. Complexes with apolipoprotein E, which has been shown to bind A beta in vitro, were not observed in cerebrospinal fluid. Additional in vitro studies showed that both purified transthyretin and apolipoprotein E prevent amyloid formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Schwarzman
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Amyloid beta-protein, or beta/A4, is a 4-kilodalton peptide that forms poorly soluble extracellular depositions of amyloid in brains and leptomeninges of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down's syndrome (DS), and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D). beta/A4 peptide is a derivative of a large transmembrane glycoprotein (APP) and is found in the extracellular space, i.e., in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of individuals with and without AD and in the conditioned media of many different cells grown in culture. The mechanism by which normally produced amyloid beta peptide forms extracellular aggregates in patients is unknown. One possible explanation is a failure of a mechanism for removal of the beta/A4 peptide that prevents this highly aggregating peptide from forming extracellular amyloid depositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Goldgaber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8101
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Banerjee A, Gregori L, Xu Y, Chau V. The bacterially expressed yeast CDC34 gene product can undergo autoubiquitination to form a multiubiquitin chain-linked protein. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:5668-75. [PMID: 8383676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CDC34 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a 295-residue ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). The function of this ubiquitin-conjugating activity remains to be defined as its in vivo substrates are presently unknown. The bacterially expressed and purified Cdc34 protein is shown here to catalyze its own ubiquitination via an intramolecular transfer of its thiol ester-linked ubiquitin to a lysine. In this process, multiple ubiquitin groups are added to Cdc34, and these ubiquitin groups were shown to be arranged predominantly in the form of a single Lys48-specific multiubiquitin chain. Analysis of the hydroxylamine-dependent cleavage of ubiquitin-Cdc34 conjugates at the single Asn-Gly sequence in Cdc34 placed the major ubiquitin linkage site within the C-terminal 215-295 residues of Cdc34. The 4 Lys residues (Lys273, Lys277, Lys293, and Lys294) in this region of CDC34 were substituted by arginine either singly or in combination to produce a set of Cdc34 mutants. Analysis of these Cdc34 mutants for autoubiquitination revealed that the multiubiquitin chain can be formed on any one of these 4 lysines although most Cdc34 conjugates contain a single multiubiquitin chain. Since the presence of a Lys48-specific multiubiquitin chain in protein conjugates is known to target acceptor proteins for degradation in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway, the present result raises the possibility that one function of the ubiquitin-conjugating activity in CDC34 may be used to target its own degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dunten RL, Cohen RE, Gregori L, Chau V. Specific disulfide cleavage is required for ubiquitin conjugation and degradation of lysozyme. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:3260-7. [PMID: 1847143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both ubiquitin conjugation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of chicken egg white lysozyme in a reticulocyte lysate depend on the presence of a reducing agent. We present evidence that the reduction of a specific disulfide bond, namely that at Cys6-Cys127, facilitates ubiquitination and is a prerequisite to the formation of a multiubiquitin chain on one of at least four chain initiation sites on lysozyme. The Cys6-Cys127 disulfide bond in lysozyme can be specifically reduced, and the modified protein can be isolated after carboxymethylation of the 2 resulting cysteines. This modified lysozyme no longer requires the presence of a reducing agent for ubiquitin conjugation and degradation. Inhibition of ubiquitination by the dipeptide Lys-Ala revealed that this modified lysozyme, like the unmodified protein, is recognized via the binding of the ubiquitin protein ligase, E3, to the substrate's N-terminal lysyl residue. Both the rate and the extent of ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugation, however, are significantly higher with this modified substrate. Likewise, ubiquitin-dependent degradation of 6,127-reduced/carboxymethylated lysozyme was 2-4-fold faster than degradation of the unmodified counterpart. These results are consistent with an interpretation that the modified lysozyme mimics an intermediate formed at the rate-limiting step of the degradation of lysozyme in the reticulocyte lysate. Reduction of the Cys6-Cys127 disulfide bond is expected to unhinge the N-terminal region of lysozyme, and we propose that the recognition of this otherwise stable protein by the ubiquitin pathway is due to facilitated binding of E3 that results from such a conformational transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L Dunten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gregori L, Poosch MS, Cousins G, Chau V. A uniform isopeptide-linked multiubiquitin chain is sufficient to target substrate for degradation in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:8354-7. [PMID: 2160452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic targeting function of ubiquitin was investigated by a combination of site-specific mutagenesis and covalent modification. Lys48 was replaced by a cysteine via mutagenesis of a synthetic ubiquitin gene to generate the mutant Ub-C48. The single cysteine residue in Ub-C48 can be converted into a lysine analog by modification with the sulfhydryl-specific reagent, aminoethyl-8 (N-(iodoethyl)trifluoroacetamide). The resulting protein, Ub-(S-aminoethyl)C48, is equivalent to a wild type ubiquitin except for the substitution of a sulfur atom at the gamma carbon of Lys48. We have tested the ability of these two modified ubiquitins to target the degradation of an engineered beta-galactosidase substrate protein in ubiquitin-depleted reticulocyte lysates. Ub-C48 was unable to stimulate the degradation of this protein substrate although a monoubiquitinated beta-galactosidase was formed. In contrast, Ub-(S-aminoethyl)C48 appears to be as effective as wild type ubiquitin in targeting this substrate protein's degradation as well as the formation of multiply ubiquitinated beta-galactosidase intermediates. In conjunction with the cysteine substitution and modification, we have also examined the effects of blocking the amino groups in ubiquitin with reductive methylation. The methylation of either Lys48 in ubiquitin or its S-aminoethylcysteine counterpart abolished its proteolytic function while the blockage of the remaining six lysines in Ub-(S-aminoethyl)C48 did not alter its competence. Thus, of the seven lysine residues in ubiquitin, only Lys48 is essential. These results established unambiguously that a uniform multiubiquitin chain with ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkage solely at Lys48 is sufficient to target the degradation of a substrate protein in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gregori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gregori L, Poosch MS, Cousins G, Chau V. A uniform isopeptide-linked multiubiquitin chain is sufficient to target substrate for degradation in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
33
|
Ruggieri S, Gregori L, Natalini P, Vita A, Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Magni G. Evidence for an inhibitory effect exerted by yeast NMN adenylyltransferase on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Biochemistry 1990; 29:2501-6. [PMID: 2159322 DOI: 10.1021/bi00462a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported for the first time the purification to homogeneity of the enzyme NMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) from yeast and its major molecular and catalytic properties. The homogeneous enzyme was found to be a glycoprotein containing 2% carbohydrate and 1 mol of adenine residue and 2 mol of phosphate covalently bound per mole of protein. Such a stoichiometry, apparently consistent with that of ADP-ribose, prompted us to further investigate the possibility that NMN adenylyltransferase could be subjected to poly(ADP-ribosylation) in vitro in a reconstituted system. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase was purified to homogeneity from bull testis by means of a rapid procedure involving two batchwise steps on DNA-agarose and Reactive Blue 2 cross-linked agarose and a column affinity chromatography step on 3-aminobenzamide-Sepharose; the optimal conditions for the poly(ADP-ribosylation) of exogenous substrates were determined. When pure NMN adenylyltransferase was incubated in the presence of the homogeneous poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a marked inhibition of the polymerase was observed, both in the presence and in the absence of histones, while the activity of NMN adenylyltransferase was not affected. The inhibition could not be prevented by increasing the concentrations of either DNA or NAD. Mg2+ did not affect the activity or the inhibition. The significance of such a phenomenon is at present unknown, but it may be of biological relevance in view of the close topological and metabolic relationship between the two enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ruggieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Università di Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ruggieri S, Gregori L, Natalini P, Vita A, Magni G. Recent observations on the structure and the properties of yeast NMN adenylyltransferase. Experientia 1988; 44:27-9. [PMID: 2832206 DOI: 10.1007/bf01960232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A homogeneous preparation of yeast NMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) showed microheterogeneity, which was revealed by FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) ion exchange chromatography. The resolved components have been characterized with respect to electrophoretic behavior and adenine content. The results led to a hypothesis about a possible role of poly(ADP-ribosylation) in modulating the enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ruggieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Università di Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gregori L, Marriott D, Putkey JA, Means AR, Chau V. Bacterially synthesized vertebrate calmodulin is a specific substrate for ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:2562-7. [PMID: 3029086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin purified from bacteria which express a cloned chicken calmodulin gene can be selectively conjugated with ubiquitin, using enzymes present in reticulocyte extracts. Analyses of peptide products generated from limited proteolytic digestion of the calmodulin conjugate containing a single ubiquitin indicate that lysine 115 on calmodulin is the site of linkage. This linkage site is identical to that previously reported for calmodulin purified from Dictyostelium discoideum. Substrate-dependent ATP hydrolysis by a partially purified ubiquitin conjugation enzyme system from reticulocyte extracts was used to determine the enzyme affinity to calmodulin. Km values of 7 and 9 microM were determined for dictyostelium and the bacterially expressed calmodulin, respectively. The bacterially expressed calmodulin, unlike the Dictyostelium protein, can also form conjugates containing a 2-5 molar ratio of ubiquitin but at a slower rate than that observed for conjugation at lysine 115. Results from these studies further support our hypothesis that the post-translational methylation of lysine 115 found in most forms of calmodulin serves the important function of protecting calmodulin from ubiquitination and from degradation by the cytoplasmic ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. The capability of the bacterially expressed calmodulin to form conjugates with a high molar ratio of ubiquitin suggests that the post-translational acetylation of the N terminus of calmodulin may serve a similar function.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gregori L, Marriott D, Putkey J, Means A, Chau V. Bacterially synthesized vertebrate calmodulin is a specific substrate for ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
37
|
Gregori L, Marriott D, West CM, Chau V. Specific recognition of calmodulin from Dictyostelium discoideum by the ATP, ubiquitin-dependent degradative pathway. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:5232-5. [PMID: 2985583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin purified from Dictyostelium discoideum is selectively degraded by rabbit reticulocyte extracts in the presence of ubiquitin and ATP. This protein forms a 1:1 covalent conjugate with ubiquitin. Analyses of the cyanogen bromide fragments of the protein conjugate indicate that lysine 115 on calmodulin is the ubiquitin conjugation site. Bovine brain calmodulin which contains a trimethyllysine residue at this position is not a substrate for conjugation with ubiquitin, and its degradation rate is not affected by ATP and ubiquitin. These results suggest that the trimethyllysine residue in mammalian calmodulin may function in protecting the protein from degradation by the ATP, ubiquitin-dependent pathway. Since there are eight lysine residues in Dictyostelium calmodulin, the specific conjugation of ubiquitin to lysine 115 may provide a good model system to delineate the structural features required for the conjugation and to follow the degradative steps in the pathway.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gregori L, Marriott D, West CM, Chau V. Specific recognition of calmodulin from Dictyostelium discoideum by the ATP, ubiquitin-dependent degradative pathway. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
39
|
|