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Petit L, Ilunga J, Foërster F, Traore C, Anani L, Lebwaze B, N’Kegoum B, Hurwitz N, Raphaël M, Gagnepain-Lacheteau A. Telepathology and second opinion for cancer diagnosis in sub-Saharan French-speaking countries. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many healthcare disparities can be described to explain cancer prevalence differences between developed and developing countries. Telepathology, telemedicine declination consisting in the transmission of digital images from a classical optical microscope combined with a digital camera linked to a computer, could offer a healthcare solution by enabling efficient communication between physicians and reinforcing multidisciplinary approaches. This study evaluated a pilot telepathology project using the ‘i-Path’ platform in Sub-Saharan French-speaking countries. This is a descriptive retrospective study. This study was made in two steps: (1) quantitative description of the platform’s use by the pathologists group and (2) qualitative evaluation of the users’ perception of the pilot project. From October 2009 to March 2018, 226 cases were submitted; 86·3% of them (n = 195) were analyzable. More than 30 experts in surgical pathology of 12 different countries were involved in the network. The average turnaround-time was less than one day. The main highlighted obstacles were the lack of time to submit cases and internet connection problems. Discussions on i-Path lead to a useful second opinion for 67·7% (n = 132) of the cases. The major part of second opinion was in favor of lymphoma (32·6%). Regarding children, lymphoma represent half of the second opinion (50·7%). The inter-observers agreement between first interpretation and second opinion was κ = 0·36, and κ = 0·58 after excluding non-diagnosed cases at submission. Even if some improvements can be made, we concluded that the project was satisfying and workable and it could be extended to other applications.
Key messages
Dialogue between expert in multiple LMIC is feasible with telepathology network and, as 1st diagnosis assessment is not always sure, telepathology help for 2nd opinion. Centers’ use of the telepathology system are different but the discussion between experts still provide a 2nd opinion in favor of a precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Petit
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Sanofi Espoir Fondation, Paris, France
| | - J Ilunga
- Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Faculté de Médecine, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - F Foërster
- Hôpital Evangélique de Vanga, Vanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - L Anani
- UFR Hématologie Fondamentale, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (UAC), Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CNHU-HKM, Cotonou, Benin
| | - B Lebwaze
- Département d’Anatomie Pathologique, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Faculté de Médecine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - N Hurwitz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Raphaël
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Bousquet V, Ruello M, Fouillet A, Furhman C, Leroy C, Raphaël M, Viudes G, Caserio-Schönemann C, Delmas M. Épidémie d’asthme de la rentrée scolaire. Rev Mal Respir 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raphaël M. Techniques de réduction d’une luxation glénohumérale antérieure. Ann Fr Med Urgence 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13341-012-0197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Flourakis M, Lehen'kyi V, Beck B, Raphaël M, Vandenberghe M, Abeele FV, Roudbaraki M, Lepage G, Mauroy B, Romanin C, Shuba Y, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N. Orai1 contributes to the establishment of an apoptosis-resistant phenotype in prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e75. [PMID: 21364678 PMCID: PMC3032347 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular nature of calcium (Ca2+)-dependent mechanisms and the ion channels having a major role in the apoptosis of cancer cells remain a subject of debate. Here, we show that the recently identified Orai1 protein represents the major molecular component of endogenous store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and constitutes the principal source of Ca2+ influx used by the cell to trigger apoptosis. The downregulation of Orai1, and consequently SOCE, protects the cells from diverse apoptosis-inducing pathways, such as those induced by thapsigargin (Tg), tumor necrosis factor α, and cisplatin/oxaliplatin. The transfection of functional Orai1 mutants, such as R91W, a selectivity mutant, and L273S, a coiled-coil mutant, into the cells significantly decreased both SOCE and the rate of Tg-induced apoptosis. This suggests that the functional coupling of STIM1 to Orai1, as well as Orai1 Ca2+-selectivity as a channel, is required for its pro-apoptotic effects. We have also shown that the apoptosis resistance of androgen-independent PCa cells is associated with the downregulation of Orai1 expression as well as SOCE. Orai1 rescue, following Orai1 transfection of steroid-deprived cells, re-established the store-operated channel current and restored the normal rate of apoptosis. Thus, Orai1 has a pivotal role in the triggering of apoptosis, irrespective of apoptosis-inducing stimuli, and in the establishment of an apoptosis-resistant phenotype in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flourakis
- INSERM U1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Cauterman M, Tajahmady A, Woynar S, Miroux P, Raphaël M. Prevalence, motives and patterns of anticipated radiograph ordering by nurses in accident and emergency departments in France. Emerg Med J 2009; 25:757-8. [PMID: 18955614 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2007.052654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although common in many countries, anticipated ordering of radiographs by nurses in Accident and Emergency Departments (AEDs) remains illegal in France. Despite this, some evidence suggests that it is implemented in a number of AEDs. AIM To describe the current state of the practice of anticipated ordering of radiographs by nurses in France. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Despite a low response rate (21.2%), the findings (prevalence and implementation patterns) stress the urgency of a broad review of this issue in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cauterman
- Mission Nationale d'Expertise et d'Audit Hospitaliers, 50 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
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Raphaël M, Tournoux C, Katsahian S, Chevret S. Évaluation des aspects méthodologiques et statistiques des méta-analyses sur des facteurs pronostiques : une revue de la littérature. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Raphaël M, Chevret S. Analyse critique de la validité de l’indice de performance comme indicateur de performance. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2008.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lemerle J, Barsaoui S, Harif M, Hireche K, Ladjadj Y, Moreira C, Andoh J, Doumbé P, Togo B, Kam L, Rafaramino F, Patte C, Tournade MF, Raphaël M, Boccon-Gibod L, Mallon B, Raquin MA, Msefer Alaoui F. [Treatment of childhood cancer in Africa. Action of the Franco-African childhood cancer group]. Med Trop (Mars) 2007; 67:497-504. [PMID: 18225736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The childhood cancer survival rate is currently 75% in industrialized countries. Rates in developing countries are much lower. The Franco-African Childhood Cancer Group (French acronym, GFAOP) was founded in 2000 with aim of reducing this unfavorable situation in Africa. The GFAOP has developed two forms of action. The main form consists of organizing two- to twelve-month training sessions for physicians and nurses in France and Morocco. The other form involves assessing the feasibility of modern treatment protocols for various cancers in Africa. The first feasibility trials were carried out on nephroblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma in 12 pilot units in North Africa, West Africa, and Madagascar. In the first study from 2001 to 2005 we treated 306 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma using French LMB protocols adapted to the African setting and achieved a survival rate of 61%. A second study started in 2005 using Endoxan alone achieved a highly satisfactory survival rate of 73% for neuroblastoma in all stages except bilateral. Altogether from 2001 to 2007 more than 1000 cases of nephroblastoma and Burkitt's lymphoma were treated in African hospitals by African doctors and nurses. No patients were transferred to Europe. The GFAOP supplied drugs when necessary and took care of most travel expenses. African and French doctors worked together on protocol design, trial management, and data analysis. These promising results show that the latest therapeutic techniques can be used to treat childhood cancer in Africa by adapting the protocol to conditions in developing countries. Sanofi-Aventis Laboratories in association with the International Union against Cancer has launched a major campaign to improve Pediatric Oncology in developing countries. Projects in four GFAOP units are being financed through this campaign. In 2006 the GFAOP began assessment of two new treatment protocols, i.e., one for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the other for Hodgkin's disease. Two other projects are being planned, i.e., one for treatment of retinoblastoma and the other for treatment of some types of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lemerle
- GFAOP, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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Naccache JM, Kambouchner M, Schischmanoff PO, Baran-Marszak F, Raphaël M, Fagard R, Valeyre D. Increasing level of CD56+ T-cells in peripheral blood in sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:654. [PMID: 16507870 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00129505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
HIV-associated Primary brain lymphomas (PBLs) are usually diffuse, large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). In contrast to those occurring in immunocompetent patients, nearly all HIV-associated PBLs are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Since viral latency proteins are target antigens for anti-viral cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the double immunodeficiency (HIV infection, central nervous system microenvironment) favors the expression of viral latency proteins (LMP-1, EBNA2). These proteins play a major role in immortalization and transformation of infected B lymphocytes through cell cycle activation and apoptosis inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Biopsy
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/virology
- Brain Neoplasms/cerebrospinal fluid
- Brain Neoplasms/etiology
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Brain Neoplasms/virology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- HIV/physiology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/cerebrospinal fluid
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/etiology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/physiopathology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/cerebrospinal fluid
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/physiopathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
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Diviné M, Casassus P, Koscielny S, Bosq J, Sebban C, Le Maignan C, Stamattoulas A, Dupriez B, Raphaël M, Pico JL, Ribrag V. Burkitt lymphoma in adults: a prospective study of 72 patients treated with an adapted pediatric LMB protocol. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1928-35. [PMID: 16284057 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a phase II study to evaluate in 72 adult patients the efficacy of the intensive LMB chemotherapy regimen, previously reported by the Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique for children with Burkitt lymphoma and L3 acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Treatment began with a prephase (low-dose steroids, vincristine and cyclophosphamide), except in patients with low tumor burden. Group A (resected stage I and abdominal stage II disease) received three courses of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone. Group B (not eligible for groups A or C) received five courses of chemotherapy comprising high-dose methotrexate, infusional cytarabine and intrathecal (IT) methotrexate. Group C (patients with central nervous system and/or bone marrow involvement with < 30% of blast cells) received eight courses containing intensified high-dose methotrexate, high-dose cytarabine, etoposide and triple IT injections. RESULTS The 2 year event-free survival and overall survival rates for the 72 patients were 65% and 70%, respectively. Age > or = 33 years and high lactate dehydrogenase value were associated with a shorter survival. No response to COP was also associated with a poor outcome in group B. CONCLUSION Patients with advanced-stage Burkitt lymphoma, including those with bone marrow and/or central nervous system involvement, can be cured with a short-term intensive chemotherapy regime tailored to the tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diviné
- Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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Simon J, Lortholary O, Caillat-Vigneron N, Raphaël M, Martin A, Brière J, Barète S, Hermine O, Casassus P. Interest of interferon alpha in systemic mastocytosis. The French experience and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 52:294-9. [PMID: 15217717 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) are defined by an abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in bone marrow and/or other extracutaneous organs. There is currently no cure for this disease. Because of similarities and/or association of mastocytosis with myeloproliferative disorders, interferon alpha has been tested but with contradictory reported results. A first prospective multicenter phase II trial was then started in France. From 1994 to 1997, 20 adult patients with confirmed bone marrow involvement received interferon alpha-2b for at least 6 months, (from 1 million U per day up to 5 million U/m(2)/day). Thirteen patients who presented systemic and/or specific cutaneous manifestations, demonstrated objective responses: seven (35%) were partial, six (30%) minor but no complete response could be observed at the time of analysis. The bone marrow remained unchanged in 12/13. Thus, interferon should be offered to patients with severe systemic manifestations, who have not responded to symptomatic therapies, even in case of non-aggressive mastocytosis, with or without corticosteroids the first weeks. Long-term therapy should be offered to patients with initial positive response. To control more aggressive SM or mastocytosis associated with clonal hematologic non-mast cell lineage or leukaemia mast cell, other chemotherapeutic regimens should be proposed like Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-CDA) or polychemotherapies including interferon as it is being tested in France in a new multicentric protocol, coordinated by the association AFIRMM, with interferon and oral cytarabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simon
- Service de médecine Interne-néphrologie, Centre hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10, rue Champ Gaillard, 78300 Poissy, France.
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Pham Tourreau S, Fattorutto M, Bonnin P, Mazoyer E, Raphaël M, Morin F, Cupa M, Samama CM. Étude des effets directs et indirects de l’érythropoïétine dans un modèle expérimental de thrombose et de saignement chez le lapin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 22:870-8. [PMID: 14644369 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study direct and indirect effects of EPO on haemostasis. STUDY DESIGN Experimental, randomised. ANIMALS Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits. METHOD Animals were anaesthetised, ventilated and monitored continuously for blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and carotid blood flow variations and were randomised into four groups: control, EPO bolus 2400 IU kg(-1), fractionated EPO (one injection a week of 600 IU kg(-1) for 4 weeks), homologous red blood cell transfusion to reach the Ht level of the fractionated EPO group. A compression injury and a 75% stenosis of the carotid artery triggered a series of cyclic flow reductions (CFRs). CFRs were observed for a 20 min period in each group. Ear immersion bleeding time (BT) and hepato-splenic bleeding were performed at the end of the experiment. Biology was performed at the end of the thrombosis period: blood cells count, Hte, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, arachidonic-induced platelet aggregation, EPO dosages. RESULTS No significant increase in thrombosis (CFRs) in the two EPO groups and in the transfused group. Increase in Hte in the fractionated EPO group versus control. Group EPO bolus: decrease in BT and hepato-splenic bleeding versus control; decrease in hepato-splenic bleeding versus fractionated EPO group, increase in platelet aggregation velocity versus control. CONCLUSION EPO did not increase the thrombotic risk in this rabbit model. EPO bolus decreased BT and hepato-splenic bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pham Tourreau
- Laboratoire du groupe de recherche en anesthésie réanimation urgences (GRARU) et Inserm U 348, département d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHU d'Avicenne, université Paris-XIII, France
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Elira Dokekias A, Bikandou B, Dhello G, Chasen M, Martin A, Raphaël M. [Hairy cell leukemia, a reality in the Congo; apropos of 10 cases]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2003; 96:115-8. [PMID: 12836529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Hairy cell Leukaemia (HCL) is a rare chronic lymphoid hemoproliferation. Few studies have been carried out in this area in sub-Saharan Africa. Between January 1993 and December 1999, 10 cases (6 men and 4 women, average age: 43.3) of HCL were registered in the haematology service of the University hospital Centre of Brazzaville (UHCB). As far as the socio-professional and environmental risk is concerned, three patients have probably been exposed: one as a workman in wood working industry and the other two as exposed to hydrocarbons manipulation for at least ten years. Retroviral serology tests were negative for HIV and HTLV I/II. From a clinical standpoint, patients all presented large spleen, which was misinterpreted as being of malarial origin associated with severe pancytopenia. Histological and immunohistological assays were instrumental in making the correct diagnosis. Chemotherapy could not be systematically offered due to lack of means. Splenectomy was performed, and for 2 patients who were sent abroad, this was followed by administration of interferon alpha. This study once again highlights the difficulty of clinical management of malign hemopathies in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Touitou R, Arbach H, Cochet C, Feuillard J, Martin A, Raphaël M, Joab I. Heterogeneous Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression in AIDS-associated lymphomas and in type I Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:949-957. [PMID: 12655096 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.18687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with lymphoma in immunocompromised patients. This study provides evidence that the expression of EBV nuclear antigen-3 genes can be directed from the F promoter in different type I Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines and in some lymphomas from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. This expression occurs predominantly after induction of the EBV lytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Touitou
- INSERM EPI 03-34, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - H Arbach
- INSERM EPI 03-34, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - C Cochet
- INSERM EPI 03-34, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - J Feuillard
- Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, EA 1625, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13 Bobigny, France
| | - A Martin
- Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, EA 1625, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13 Bobigny, France
| | - M Raphaël
- Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, EA 1625, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13 Bobigny, France
| | - I Joab
- INSERM EPI 03-34, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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Kambouchner M, Godmer P, Guillevin L, Raphaël M, Droz D, Martin A. Low grade marginal zone B cell lymphoma of the breast associated with localised amyloidosis and corpora amylacea in a woman with long standing primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Clin Pathol 2003; 56:74-7. [PMID: 12499440 PMCID: PMC1769862 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.56.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Primary low grade marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MZL) of the breast and localised mammary amyloidosis are exceedingly rare entities. This report describes the case of a woman with long standing Sjögren's syndrome presenting with asymptomatic MZL of the breast showing plasmacytic differentiation, associated with local ductular amyloidosis. The lesion was discovered incidentally in breast tissue resected for microcalcifications. Immunohistochemistry revealed kappa light chain restriction, supporting the neoplastic nature of the infiltrate. A retrospective molecular study of the salivary gland biopsy showed a B cell clone. This is the first report of the association of human mammary ductular amyloidosis with cartwheel shaped material identical to corpora amylacea, usually seen in brain, lung, and prostate, but unknown in the human breast. The excellent outcome without treatment seen in this patient further emphasises the need to distinguish between MZL with plasmacytic differentiation and extramedullary plasmacytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kambouchner
- Department of Pathology, Avicenne Hospital, 125 Route de Stalingrad, Bobigny 93009 Cedex, France.
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Poirier F, Pontet M, Labas V, le Caër JP, Sghiouar-Imam N, Raphaël M, Caron M, Joubert-Caron R. Two-dimensional database of a Burkitt lymphoma cell line (DG 75) proteins: protein pattern changes following treatment with 5'-azycytidine. Electrophoresis 2001. [PMID: 11425244 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:9%3c1867::aid-elps1867%3e3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypermethylation is an important mechanism for repression of tumor gene suppressor in cancer. The drug 5'-azacytidine (AZC) has been used as demethylating agent to induce the expression of previously silencing genes. In the present work, we attempted to determine, using proteomics, the changes in protein expression profiles following a treatment of an Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-negative Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line DG 75. The effects of the treatment in terms of cell viability and growth were first examined. The following observations were made: AZC treatment led to (i) a decrease in cell growth with an arrest of the cell at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, (ii) the expression of p16, a tumor-suppressor gene whose expression was dependent on its promoter demethylation. Proteomic study evidenced that AZC treatment affected protein expression in two different ways. Twenty-one polypeptides were down-expressed, while 14 showed an increased expression. Some of the upregulated proteins appeared related to the energy metabolism, to organization of cytoskeletal structures, and to cell viability and protein synthesis. We also established a reference map for proteins in DG 75 cell line, comprising 74 different polypeptides corresponding to 67 proteins. This map will be accessible via Internet as a resource for proteome analyses of B-cells. Taken together, the results presented here highlight new insights into lymphoma cell gene regulations following a treatment of lymphoma cells with AZC and illustrate a use of proteomics to evidence the direct and indirect effects of a drug and the pathways it possibly regulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poirier
- Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Bobigny, France
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Le Floch AS, Raphaël M. [Foreign body aspiration and the inhalation syndrome in the elderly patient]. Soins Gerontol 2001:31-2. [PMID: 11993401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A S Le Floch
- Service d'accueil des urgences, CHI Le Raincy-Montfermeil
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Besson C, Goubar A, Gabarre J, Rozenbaum W, Pialoux G, Châtelet FP, Katlama C, Charlotte F, Dupont B, Brousse N, Huerre M, Mikol J, Camparo P, Mokhtari K, Tulliez M, Salmon-Céron D, Boué F, Costagliola D, Raphaël M. Changes in AIDS-related lymphoma since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Blood 2001; 98:2339-44. [PMID: 11588028 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.8.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with a high incidence of AIDS-related lymphomas (ARLs). Since the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses has decreased, leading to a significant improvement in survival of HIV-infected patients. The consequences of HAART use on ARL are under debate. This study compared the incidence and the characteristics of ARL before and after the use of HAART in a large population of HIV-infected patients in the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH) and particularly in 3 centers including 145 patients with proven lymphoma. Within the FHDH, the incidence of systemic ARL has decreased between 1993-1994 and 1997-1998, from 86.0 per 10 000 to 42.9 per 10 000 person-years (P < 10(-30)). The incidence of primary brain lymphoma has also fallen dramatically between the periods, from 27.8 per 10 000 to 9.7 per 10 000 person-years (P < 10(-11)). The analysis of 145 cases of ARL in 3 hospitals showed that known HIV history was longer in the second period than in the first period among patients with systemic ARL (98 versus 75 months; P <.01). Patients had a higher number of CD4 cells at diagnosis during the second period (191 versus 63/microL, P = 10(-3)). Survival of patients with systemic ARL also increased between the periods (from 6 to 20 months; P =.004). Therefore, the profile of ARL has changed since the era of HAART, with a lower incidence of systemic and brain ARL. The prognosis of systemic ARL has improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Besson
- Hôpital Necker, SC4-INSERM, CHU Pitié Salpêtrière, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France.
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21
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Patte C, Auperin A, Michon J, Behrendt H, Leverger G, Frappaz D, Lutz P, Coze C, Perel Y, Raphaël M, Terrier-Lacombe MJ. The Société Française d'Oncologie Pédiatrique LMB89 protocol: highly effective multiagent chemotherapy tailored to the tumor burden and initial response in 561 unselected children with B-cell lymphomas and L3 leukemia. Blood 2001; 97:3370-9. [PMID: 11369626 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.11.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to show that a high survival rate can be obtained in B-cell (Burkitt and large B-cell) lymphoma and L3 leukemia with multiagent chemotherapy adapted to the tumor burden (stage, resection status, percentage of blasts in bone marrow, and central nervous system [CNS] involvement) and early response to chemotherapy, to investigate actual prognostic factors, and to see if large B-cell lymphoma can be treated with the same regimen as Burkitt lymphoma. Patients were classified into 3 risk groups. Group A (resected stage I and abdominal stage II) received 2 courses of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone. Group B (patients not eligible for groups A or C) received 5 courses of chemotherapy with, in addition, high-dose methotrexate, 3 g/m(2) over 3 hours; infusional cytarabine; and intrathecal (IT) methotrexate. Group C (patients with CNS involvement and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with at least 70% of blasts in bone marrow) received 8 courses with, in addition, high-dose methotrexate, 8 g/m(2); high-dose cytarabine; etoposide; and triple IT. Except in group A, treatment started with a prephase (COP, low-dose vincristine and cyclophosphamide). It was intensified for patients who did not respond to COP in group B and any patient with residual viable cells after the consolidation phase. A total of 561 patients were enrolled in the SFOP LMB89 protocol (July 1989-June 1996). Five-year survival is 92.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90%-94%) and event-free survival (EFS) 91% (95% CI, 89%-93%). EFS is 98% (95% CI, 90%-100%), 92% (95% CI, 89%-95%), and 84% (95% CI, 77%-90%) for group A, B, and C, respectively. In group B, multivariate analysis of prognostic factors showed that a lactate dehydrogenase level more than 2-fold the normal value, no response after COP, and age of at least 15 years were associated with a lower EFS. CNS involvement was the only prognostic factor in group C. (Blood. 2001;97:3370-3379)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Patte
- Pediatrics Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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22
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Poirier F, Pontet M, Labas V, le Caër JP, Sghiouar-Imam N, Raphaël M, Caron M, Joubert-Caron R. Two-dimensional database of a Burkitt lymphoma cell line (DG 75) proteins: protein pattern changes following treatment with 5'-azycytidine. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:1867-77. [PMID: 11425244 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:9<1867::aid-elps1867>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypermethylation is an important mechanism for repression of tumor gene suppressor in cancer. The drug 5'-azacytidine (AZC) has been used as demethylating agent to induce the expression of previously silencing genes. In the present work, we attempted to determine, using proteomics, the changes in protein expression profiles following a treatment of an Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-negative Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line DG 75. The effects of the treatment in terms of cell viability and growth were first examined. The following observations were made: AZC treatment led to (i) a decrease in cell growth with an arrest of the cell at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, (ii) the expression of p16, a tumor-suppressor gene whose expression was dependent on its promoter demethylation. Proteomic study evidenced that AZC treatment affected protein expression in two different ways. Twenty-one polypeptides were down-expressed, while 14 showed an increased expression. Some of the upregulated proteins appeared related to the energy metabolism, to organization of cytoskeletal structures, and to cell viability and protein synthesis. We also established a reference map for proteins in DG 75 cell line, comprising 74 different polypeptides corresponding to 67 proteins. This map will be accessible via Internet as a resource for proteome analyses of B-cells. Taken together, the results presented here highlight new insights into lymphoma cell gene regulations following a treatment of lymphoma cells with AZC and illustrate a use of proteomics to evidence the direct and indirect effects of a drug and the pathways it possibly regulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poirier
- Biochimie des Protéines et Protéomique, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Bobigny, France
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23
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Flacke-Vordos N, Raphaël M. [Epistaxis in the aged]. Soins Gerontol 2001:19. [PMID: 11309891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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24
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Gaulier A, Jary-Bourguignat L, Serna R, Pulik M, Davi F, Raphaël M. Occurrence of angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia features. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 40:197-204. [PMID: 11426621 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009054897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In a patient with recently diagnosed chronic myelomonocytic leukemia features, the biopsy of a peripheral lymphadenopathy seven months later revealed disorganised lymphoid tissue with a few large EBER (+) LMP1 (+) B-lymphocytes before any treatment was given. At this time, a clonal TCR gamma rearrangement and very faint clonal IgH rearrangement were demonstrated, and the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma was made. Treatment with MOPP was started, followed by Hydroxycarbamide and CHOP but the outcome was fatal. During the evolution, there was no blastic transformation of the chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The T-cell lymphoma extended to abdominal lymph nodes, Waldeyer ring and bone marrow and the percentage of large LMPI EBER (+) B-cells increased in the lymph nodes. These findings do not support a common stem cell abnormality leading to myelodysplasia in the bone marrow and lymphoma in peripheral lymph nodes. The lack of a clearcut light chain restriction in the EBV infected B-cell is suggestive of a persistant EBV infection in polyclonal or oligoclonal activated B-cells as described in immunodepressed patients. The association of CMML features and an angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaulier
- Service de Pathologie, Hĵpital V. Dupouy, Argenteuil, France.
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25
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Possin MC, Raphaël M, Bellahouel A. [Epileptic crises in old age]. Soins Gerontol 2000:22-3. [PMID: 11309856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Possin
- Service d'accueil Urgences du Dr Raphaël, hôpital Le Raincy-Montfermeil
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26
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Mouthon L, Martin A, Raphaël M, Salama J, Guillevin L. Une périartérite noueuse qui refroidit secondairement! Rev Med Interne 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(00)89279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Feuillard J, Mémet S, Goudeau B, Lilienbaum A, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Raphaël M, Israël A. In vivo identification of lymphocyte subsets exhibiting transcriptionally active NF-kappaB/Rel complexes. Int Immunol 2000; 12:613-21. [PMID: 10784607 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.5.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the NF-kappaB/Rel activity pattern in a living organism, we previously generated transgenic mice carrying a kappaB-dependent lacZ gene. In situ analysis of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs revealed a strong NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in antigen-presenting cells, some endothelial cells and sinus lining cells of the lymph node capsula with very little activity in lymphocytes and thymocytes. Using fluorescein-di-beta-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) as a vital substrate for the beta-galactosidase, we re-examined by flow cytometry the NF-kappaB/Rel transcriptional activity in our mouse model. We report here that such constitutive NF-kappaB/Rel activity was significantly detected in thymocytes at the CD44+CD25(-) stage. This constitutive activity extended with CD25 expression to the majority of the CD44(-)CD25(+) thymocytes and was then restricted to a few mature T cells. In the spleen, constitutive NF-kappaB/Rel activity was found in most B cells, unlike T cells which were largely negative. Virgin IgD(+) B cells expressed higher levels of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity than other B cell types. Altogether, these results suggest that NF-kappaB/Rel complexes are key players in the in vivo differentiation of IgD(+) B lymphocytes and possibly CD25(+) thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feuillard
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire de l'Expression Génique, URA 1773 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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28
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Feuillard J, Schuhmacher M, Kohanna S, Asso-Bonnet M, Ledeur F, Joubert-Caron R, Bissières P, Polack A, Bornkamm GW, Raphaël M. Inducible loss of NF-kappaB activity is associated with apoptosis and Bcl-2 down-regulation in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes. Blood 2000; 95:2068-75. [PMID: 10706876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein-1 induces NF-kappaB activity by targeting IkappaBalpha. To understand the role of NF-kappaB activation in EBV-related oncogenesis, we have subcloned mutated IkappaBalpha(32/36A) cDNA into a pHEBo vector containing doxycycline regulatory sequences and stably transfected this construct into a lymphoblastoid cell line. Two tightly regulated clones were obtained in which IkappaBalpha(32/36A) was inducible in a doxycycline dose-dependent manner. Levels of inducible IkappaBalpha(32/36A) peaked at day 2. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity was closely correlated with levels of inducible IkappaBalpha(32/36A). Levels of 3 well-known NF-kappaB-dependent genes, CD54, p105, and endogenous IkappaBalpha, were decreased when IkappaBalpha(32/36A) was induced, and the growth of IkappaBalpha(32/36A)-induced EBV-infected cells was slightly reduced. Loss of NF-kappaB activity was associated with decreased Bcl-2 protein levels. Finally, the induction of apoptosis was strongly increased in IkappaBalpha(32/36A)-overexpressing cells. Together these results show that it is possible to control IkappaBalpha(32/36A) levels, ie, NF-kappaB activity, in EBV-infected B-lymphocytes using a doxycycline-inducible vector. Moreover, our results indicate that NF-kappaB can protect EBV-infected cells from apoptosis by Bcl-2. Finally, our results suggest that a cellular model with doxycycline-inducible IkappaBalpha(32/36A) may be useful in the identification of genuine NF-kappaB target genes in EBV-infected B cells. (Blood. 2000;95:2068-2075)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feuillard
- Biochimie Cellulaire des Hémopathies Lymphoïdes, Université Paris, Bobigny, France.
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29
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Camilleri-Broët S, Camparo P, Mokhtari K, Hoang-Xuan KH, Martin A, Arborio M, Hauw JJ, Raphaël M. Overexpression of BCL-2, BCL-X, and BAX in primary central nervous system lymphomas that occur in immunosuppressed patients. Mod Pathol 2000; 13:158-65. [PMID: 10697273 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) that occur in immunocompetent patients, most of those that occur in immunosuppressed patients are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). BCL-2-related proteins either block or promote cell death, forming homo- or heterodimers with each other. LMP-1, EBV latent protein, has been shown to upregulate BCL-2 and BCL-XL. This observation suggests that these proteins may be involved in the transformation process of EBV-infected cells. Twenty-three cases of PCNSLs were studied: 12 of the patients were immunosuppressed, and 11 were immunocompetent. For all cases, we collected clinical information, histologic data, and immunophenotype and tested for the presence of EBV (EBER-1, LMP-1). Apoptosis was assessed by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling method and quantified by image analysis. In three cases, electron microscopy was performed. The BCL-2 family proteins (BCL-2, BCL-X, MCL1, and BAX) and p53 expression were studied by immunohistochemistry on paraffin slides. All cases were classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. PCNSLs in immunosuppressed patients were characterized by EBV association, necrosis, important gliosis, and numerous macrophages. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling staining (P = .08). In contrast, PCNSLs in immunosuppressed patients were shown to express high levels of BCL-2, BCL-X, and BAX in more than 80% of tumor cells in 7, 10, and 11 cases, respectively. In immunocompetent patients, only one case showed a high level of BCL-2 expression in more than 80% of the cells, whereas BCL-X and BAX were overexpressed in two cases. These differences are significant (P < .05). In contrast, there was no significant difference between the two groups in MCL-1 expression. Besides EBV association and necrosis, PCNSLs related to immunosuppression are characterized by an overexpression of BCL-2-related proteins, without dramatically modifying their susceptibility for apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/virology
- Female
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- In Situ Hybridization
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein
- bcl-X Protein
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30
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El Mansouri S, Martin A, Mercadier A, Capoulade C, Maréchal V, Wiels J, Feuillard J, Raphaël M. High expression of MDM2 protein and low rate of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression in SCID mice Epstein Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferation. J Histochem Cytochem 1999; 47:1315-22. [PMID: 10490460 DOI: 10.1177/002215549904701011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the prevalence of p53 inactivation and MDM2/p21(WAFI/CIP1) expression in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced lymphoproliferation, 19 samples obtained after ip injection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from EBV-seropositive donors or lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were analyzed. In all samples tested, overexpression of Ki-67 antigen was shown by immunohistochemistry, indicating a high proliferative index of SCID mice EBV-induced lymphoproliferation. P53 mutations were screened by functional assay in yeast in 14 samples. With this test, a p53-inactivating mutation was found in only one case; the remaining cases exhibited a wild-type p53 pattern. However, an accumulation of p53 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in six of 19 samples. P21 expression was found in seven of 19 samples but was not correlated with the rate of p53 protein in tumors. In contrast, high levels of nuclear accumulation of MDM2 were found in all samples by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that a high Ki-67 proliferative index in SCID mice EBV-induced lymphoproliferation is not due to the inactivation of p53 by mutation, but could be associated with an overexpression of MDM2, which would act by a p53-independent mechanism.(J Histochem Cytochem 47:1315-1321, 1999)
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Affiliation(s)
- S El Mansouri
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, EA 1625, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Avicenne, UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Paris XIII, Bobigny, France
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31
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Joubert-Caron R, Feuillard J, Kohanna S, Poirier F, Le Caër JP, Schuhmacher M, Bornkamm GW, Polack A, Caron M, Bladier D, Raphaël M. A computer-assisted two-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach for studying the variations in protein expression related to an induced functional repression of NFkappaB in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Electrophoresis 1999; 20:1017-26. [PMID: 10344280 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990101)20:4/5<1017::aid-elps1017>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Strategies are needed for conclusive interpretation of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) maps in order to identify pertinent differences in protein expression during regulation of the transcription of discrete sets of genes. The model used in this study was a human lymphoblastoid cell line in which a functional repression of the transcription factors NFkappaB was obtained by induction of overexpression of IkappaBalpha, a physiological inhibitor of NFkappaB. The analytical methodology used relies on the comparison of two sets of 2-D PAGE maps for detecting differences in protein expression between samples overexpressing or not overexpressing IkappaBalpha. The analysis was based on a combination of an automatic computerized analysis, constituting an actual aid for deciding, and of an interactive visual validation, corresponding to the interpretation of computer propositions. This strategy is proposed as a rapid way to detect potential variations in protein expression applicable to any biological model. In this study, correspondence analysis data made it possible to discrimate between the samples overexpressing or not overexpressing IkappaBalpha, and pointed out some of the potential meaningful spots characterizing the samples in which NFkappaB was active. Then, after visual validation of the computer data, 53 polypeptides were considered to be different in the two classes of gels. Five polypeptides were specifically found in both samples overexpressing IkappaBalpha. The overexpression of IkappaB also induced a lower expression of 11 polypeptides. Finally, 15 polypeptides were only expressed in samples in which IkappaBalpha was not overexpressed and, consequently, in which NFkappaB factors were active. Thus, these polypeptides are candidates for further analysis as putative target gene products of NFkappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Joubert-Caron
- Biochimie Cellulaire des Hémopathies Lymphoïdes et des Vascularites, UFR Léonard de Vinci, Bobigny, France.
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32
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Raphaël M. [Epstein-Barr virus and associated tumors]. Ann Pathol 1999; 18:74. [PMID: 9884760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Raphaël
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique Hôpital Avicenne, UFR SMBH Léonard de Vinci, Université Paris XIII
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33
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Davi F, Delecluse HJ, Guiet P, Gabarre J, Fayon A, Gentilhomme O, Felman P, Bayle C, Berger F, Audouin J, Bryon PA, Diebold J, Raphaël M. Burkitt-like lymphomas in AIDS patients: characterization within a series of 103 human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Burkitt's Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:3788-95. [PMID: 9850023 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.12.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) is a tumor with morphologic features intermediate between Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and large-cell lymphoma, but its relationship with these lymphomas is currently unclear. We have therefore analyzed its characteristics within a large series of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analyses were performed on 103 patients with AIDS lymphomas. RESULTS Nineteen cases (18.4%) were identified as BLL. They were monoclonal B-cell proliferations, as evaluated by immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement analyses, and had rearrangement of the c-myc oncogene in 68% of cases but not the bcl-2 gene, in contrast to a previous study on non-HIV-associated BLL. This molecular pattern was therefore identical to that of typical BL, suggesting that they represented tumors of similar origin. However, some features could clearly differentiate BLL from BL and were similar to those seen in the diffuse large-cell immunoblastic lymphomas (DLC-IBL) group. These included a greater frequency of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection (79% v 48%, P = .04), an upregulation of CD39 (50% v 0%, P = .0007) and CD70 (75% v 15%, P = .003) activation antigens and of the CD11a/LFA-1 adhesion molecule (83% v30%, P = .05), and, finally, a lower CD4 count (mean, 119/microL v 270/microL, P = .04). CONCLUSION BLL is a frequent entity among AIDS lymphomas and should be considered as a morphologic variant of BL in the context of severe immunodepression that occurs in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Davi
- Département d'Hématologie and Unité Recherche Associée du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 625, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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34
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Camilleri-Broët S, Martin A, Moreau A, Angonin R, Hénin D, Gontier MF, Rousselet MC, Caulet-Maugendre S, Cuillière P, Lefrancq T, Mokhtari K, Morcos M, Broët P, Kujas M, Hauw JJ, Desablens B, Raphaël M. Primary central nervous system lymphomas in 72 immunocompetent patients: pathologic findings and clinical correlations. Groupe Ouest Est d'étude des Leucénies et Autres Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS). Am J Clin Pathol 1998; 110:607-12. [PMID: 9802345 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/110.5.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed 72 primary central nervous system lymphomas occurring in immunocompetent patients. The cases were reviewed for clinical data, histology, immunophenotype, bcl-2 and p53 expression, and Epstein-Barr virus association. Follow-up was available for 40 patients included in the Groupe Ouest Est d'étude des Leucénies et Autres Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) lymphomes cérébraux primitifs (LCP 88) trial. Each diagnosis, requiring a consensus among at least 3 pathologists, was performed according to the recent Revised European-American Lymphoma classification and equivalents in the updated Kiel classification. Tumors were predominantly classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. There were 3 T-cell lymphomas and 1 Hodgkin lymphoma. The proteins bcl-2 and p53 were expressed in 35% and 16% of the tested cases, respectively. Epstein-Barr virus was not found by in situ hybridization except in the case classfied as a cerebral localization of Hodgkin disease. No significant association was found between subtypes, bcl-2 or p53 expression, and patient survival. From the standpoint of their biologic characteristics, primary central nervous system lymphomas are very similar to systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. In contrast to AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphomas, primary central nervous system lymphomas are rarely associated with Epstein-Barr virus and in immunocompetent patients they express bcl-2 at a relatively low rate.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/immunology
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/microbiology
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/immunology
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Immunocompetence
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/microbiology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- S Camilleri-Broët
- Service de Neuropathologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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35
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Raphaël M, Asso-Bonnet M, el Mansouri S, Martin A. [Lymphoid hyperplasia associated with human immunodeficiency virus and Epstein-Barr virus; relationship with lymphomatous pathology]. Ann Pathol 1998; 18:325-30. [PMID: 9827223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Raphaël
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny
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36
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Lortholary O, Casassus P, Simon J, Caillat-Vigneron N, Launay JM, Laroche L, Gallais V, Raphaël M. Traitement des mastocytoses systémiques par l'interferon α (IFNα-2b): étude prospective multicentrique de 20 patients. Rev Med Interne 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(98)80063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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Larroche C, Cacoub P, Clauvel JP, Piette JC, Raphaël M. Maladie de Castleman et lymphomes non hodgkiniens. Rev Med Interne 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(98)80018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Martin A, Flaman JM, Frebourg T, Davi F, El Mansouri S, Amouroux J, Raphaël M. Functional analysis of the p53 protein in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and polymorphic lymphoproliferations. Br J Haematol 1998; 101:311-7. [PMID: 9609527 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of the tumour suppressor gene p53 is frequent in AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (AIDS-NHL), particularly in Burkitt's or Burkitt's-like lymphomas (BL/BLL). Since mechanisms of inactivation other than mutations have been advanced, the transcriptional activity of the p53 protein was studied in a functional assay in yeast in a series of AIDS-NHL lesions and compared with their morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis detection of other p53 abnormalities, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status, MDM-2 oncoprotein expression and c-MYC rearrangement. Polymorphic lymphoproliferations (PL), identified as precursors of NHL in HIV-patients, were also analysed in attempt to detect p53 modifications related to clonal progression. The functional assay detected p53 mutants in 40% (12/ 30) of the tumours: 50% (6/12) of BL/BLL, 40% (4/10) of diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL) and 25% (2/8) of PL. An oligoclonal or monoclonal population was identified in the two PL cases with mutant p53. An accumulation of the p53 protein was detected by IHC in 26% (8/30) of the tumours (five BL/BLL and three DLCL) and was associated with positive functional assay. In the 20 lesions tested by both of the screening methods for mutations, a p53 mutant pattern was detected in 55% of cases (11/20) and in 25% of cases (5/ 20) respectively with the functional assay and SSCP analysis of exons 5-8. There was no inverse correlation between the detection of EBV genome and the presence of p53 mutations and no overexpression of MDM-2 protein for the whole series. In conclusion, the functional assay was more sensitive than IHC and SSCP for the detection of p53 mutations in tumour samples. The mutations identified in AIDS-NHL lesions inactivate the p53 protein and in PL they could represent a selection of an aggressive clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martin
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
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39
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Feuillard J, Aubin JT, Poirel L, Davi F, Kujas M, Rousselet MC, Angonin R, Raphaël M, Agut H. Detection rate and intratumoral virus load of human herpesvirus-8 in immunodeficiency-related B-cell lymphoid malignancies. J Med Virol 1997; 53:277-81. [PMID: 9365896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and Castleman's disease, has been found in circulating B-cells and might have a causative role in B-cell malignancies associated with immunodeficiency syndromes. We determined the rate of detection and intratumoral virus load of HHV-8 by means of a semiquantitative approach in post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLDs), AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), including both Burkitt's lymphomas (BLs) and large cell lymphomas (LCLs), as well as in control groups consisting of follicular hyperplasias (FHs) and HIV-negative LCLs. HHV-8 sequences were detected at a similar rate in HIV-negative PTLDs (24%), HIV-negative LCLs (22%) and HIV-negative FHs (17%). The detection rate was significantly higher in HIV-positive BLs (73%), HIV-positive LCLs (67%), and HIV-positive FHs (65%) supporting the view of an epidemiological link between HHV-8 and HIV infections. The viral load was 10(2) genome copies per cell in the single case of primary effusion lymphoma included in the LCL group while it was 10(-3) copy per cell (median value; range: 10(-4)-10(-1)) in all the other HHV-8-positive samples. No significant difference of viral load was found according to HIV status. The virus loads of PTLDs and HIV-positive LCLs were significantly higher than those observed in HIV-positive BLs and FHs, suggesting, to some extent, that the degree of immunodeficiency may influence HHV-8 replication. However, with the exception of the single case of primary effusion lymphoma studied, the low intratumoral load of HHV-8 strongly argues against a direct causative agent of the virus in the occurrence of PTLDs and AIDS-related NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Feuillard
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Avicenne, Bobigny, France
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40
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Schmidt-Ullrich R, Mémet S, Lilienbaum A, Feuillard J, Raphaël M, Israel A. NF-kappaB activity in transgenic mice: developmental regulation and tissue specificity. Development 1996; 122:2117-28. [PMID: 8681793 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122.7.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor family NF-kappaB/Rel is responsible for the regulation of a large number of cellular genes and some viruses. Since there is a strong similarity between the NF-kappaB/Rel family members and the Drosophila melanogaster protein DORSAL, which is activated early during embryogenesis, we were interested in determining the pattern of NF-kappaB activity during mouse development. Two lacZ reporter constructs, each driven by promoter elements that are dependent on the presence of nuclear NF-kappaB/Rel activity, were used to produce transgenic mice. The analysis of these mice did not identify nuclear NF-kappaB/Rel activity in early development prior to implantation or during the gastrulation processes. Earliest expression of the lacZ transgene was detected on day E12.5. Before birth lacZ expression was seen in discrete regions of the rhombencephalon of the developing brain, in the spinal medulla, in some of the blood vessels and in the thymus. After birth, the NF-kappaB/Rel activity in the thymus remained but nuclear activity was also found in the bone marrow, in the spleen and in the capsule of the lymph nodes. In the central nervous system, drastic changes in NF-kappaB/Rel activity could be observed in the first 3 weeks after birth, when the cortex and the cerebellum reach functional and morphological maturity. Considering the results of the p50, p65, relB and c-rel knock-out mice and our present findings, we believe that the NF-kappaB/Rel proteins known so far are probably not implicated in processes of early development and differentiation of the different tissues, but rather in maintaining their function once matured.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schmidt-Ullrich
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire de l'Expression Génique, URA 1149 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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41
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Knecht H, Raphaël M, McQuain C, Rothenberger S, Pihan G, Camilleri-Broët S, Bachmann E, Kershaw GR, Ryan S, Kittler EL, Quesenberry PJ, Schlaifer D, Woda BA, Brousset P. Deletion variants within the NF-kappa B activation domain of the LMP1 oncogene prevail in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related large cell lymphomas and human immunodeficiency virus-negative atypical lymphoproliferations. Blood 1996; 87:876-81. [PMID: 8562956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This sequencing study of 17 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas (9 primary brain, 8 systemic) and 8 human immunodeficiency virus-negative atypical lymphoproliferations expressing large amounts of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus was performed to characterize the carboxy terminal NF-kappa B activation domain of LMP1 at the molecular level in an immunocompromised host. In-frame deletions within the NF-kappa B activation domain were identified in all but 2 primary brain lymphomas, 4 systemic lymphomas, and 4 atypical lymphoproliferations, ie, in 60% of cases. In addition, non silent point mutations (range 1 to 5, mean 3.3) were detected in all cases. Although all changes occurred within the first 100 nucleotides of the carboxy terminal NF-kappa B activation domain--a critical sequence for the protein half-life--not a single point mutation was found in the remaining 62 nucleotides, necessary for malignant transformation. Such a clustering of nonrandom sequence variations, associated with a high oncoprotein expression in immunocompromised hosts, suggests that this part of the LMP1 oncogene behaves as a hypervariable region with natural selection of growth-promoting variants through prolongation of the protein half-life.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/virology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- HIV Seronegativity
- Half-Life
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Point Mutation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Selection, Genetic
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Deletion
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- H Knecht
- LINK Laboratories, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655-0246, USA
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42
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Eclache V, Magnac C, Pritsch O, Delecluse HJ, Davi F, Raphaël M, Dighiero G. Complete nucleotide sequence of Ig V genes in three cases of Burkitt lymphoma associated with AIDS. Leuk Lymphoma 1996; 20:281-90. [PMID: 8624468 DOI: 10.3109/10428199609051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of polyclonal stimulation and antigen driven selection in the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related lymphomas, we studied the variable region nucleotide sequence of heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains expressed by 3 Burkitt lymphomas (BL) associated with HIV infection. Two cases expressed the VH3-30P1 gene with 88.6% and 86.7% homology when compared to their germinal counterpart, whereas the VH4-18 was rearranged in the third one (89% identity). All these genes displayed high numbers of mutations (27, 22, 28 respectively), predominating in CDR regions. The encoded light chain genes determined for cases 1 and 2 expressed the same V kappa I-018 gene. These results indicate that: 1) Although, it is difficult to address the issue of VH usage based on the limited number of cases studied, Burkitt's lymphoma associated with AIDS may use a restricted repertoire of Ig genes. 2) Mutations and/or replacements predominated in CDR regions, which might suggest the occurrence of an antigen driven selection process, at least in some AIDS associated lymphomas. However, the high ratio of mutations observed in framework (FW) regions also favors the possibility that the antigen selection process is associated with polyclonal B cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Eclache
- Unité d'Immunohématologie et d'Immunopathologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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43
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Raphaël M. [T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in adults and other blood diseases in HTLV-I infection]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1996; 147:582-5. [PMID: 9137687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several clinical aspects are recognized in adult T cell leukemia in ATL which was initially described in 1977 : a) smoldering, b) chronic, c) lymphomatous and d) acute. Median survival time is different according to these types: not yet reached in smoldering type, 24 months in chronic type, 10 months in lymphomatous type, 6 months in acute type. The classical phenotype of this mature T-cell proliferation is CD2+, CD3+, CD5+, CD7-, CD4+, CD8-. Activation markers are expressed: CD25+, CD30 +/-, MHC class II. HTLV-1 proviral DNA is integrated in the host genome. A region of the viral genome codes for a protein tax which transactivates viral and cellular genes, especially cytokines genes. There are no specific cytogenetic abnormalities. The genetic lesions mainly involved P53 gene where mutations are detected in 25 to 30% of cases. Conventional chemotherapy is unsuccessful in acute type. New therapeutic strategies are under investigation, especially monoclonal antibodies against RIL2 and interferon alpha associated with antiretroviral (AZT) therapy.
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44
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Camilleri-Broët S, Davi F, Feuillard J, Bourgeois C, Seilhean D, Hauw JJ, Raphaël M. High expression of latent membrane protein 1 of Epstein-Barr virus and BCL-2 oncoprotein in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related primary brain lymphomas. Blood 1995; 86:432-5. [PMID: 7605982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly all primary brain lymphomas in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients are associated withEpstein-Barr virus (EBV). The role of EBV in lymphomagenesis is not totally elucidated. One possible mechanism is the overexpression of the BCL-2 oncoprotein, because the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has been reported to transactivate the bcl-2 gene in vitro. To study the interrelationship beetween LMP1 and BCL-2 in vivo, we have analyzed and compared their expression in 11 AIDS-related primary brain lymphomas and 57 AIDS-related systemic lymphomas by immunoperoxidase technique on frozen sections. In AIDS-related primary brain lymphoma, LMP1 and BCL-2 were expressed in all cases but 1. All positive cases exhibited morphologic immunoblastic features. In contrast, the only negative case was histologically close to Burkitt's lymphoma. In systemic lymphomas, LMP1 was expressed in 21 cases, whereas BCL-2 was positive in only 3 cases, all of which were extranodal. These results indicate that, in addition to the histologic type, the role of EBV genes and BCL-2 expression in lymphomatous cells differ as a function of their localization. In AIDS-related primary brain lymphomas, this correlation between LMP1 and BCL-2 overexpression may have a major implication in lymphomagenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/microbiology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics
- Burkitt Lymphoma/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/microbiology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Herpesviridae Infections/complications
- Herpesviridae Infections/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/microbiology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/metabolism
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/microbiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/microbiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
- Transcriptional Activation
- Tumor Virus Infections/complications
- Tumor Virus Infections/genetics
- Tumor Virus Infections/microbiology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/biosynthesis
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Camilleri-Broët
- Département de Neuropathologie INSERM U360, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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45
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Lévy R, Colonna P, Tourani JM, Gastaut JA, Brice P, Raphaël M, Taillan B, Andrieu JM. Human immunodeficiency virus associated Hodgkin's disease: report of 45 cases from the French Registry of HIV-Associated Tumors. Leuk Lymphoma 1995; 16:451-6. [PMID: 7540459 DOI: 10.3109/10428199509054433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and pathological characteristics as well as outcome of 45 Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases collected by the French registry of HIV-associated tumors between January 1987 and December 1989 (all clinically staged according to the Ann Arbor system) were analyzed and compared with those of a cohort of 407 patients with clinical stages (CS) IA to IVB enrolled between September 1981 and August 1988 in a multicentric clinical trial. The route of HIV infection, initial CD4 cell count at the time of HD diagnosis and CDC class of HIV infection were studied as well as the progression to AIDS onset were recorded. HIV-HD is characterized by a predominance of advanced CS (75%), B symptoms (80%) and mixed cellularity histology (49%), as well as by early bone marrow involvement (24%); a specific feature is the rare occurrence of mediastinal involvement (13% in HIV-HD versus 71% in primary HD). With standard therapies, 79% of the patients achieved a complete remission, but hematological and infectious complications were very frequent. The proportion of intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) in HIV-HD (38%) is higher than in French HIV-infected population as a whole (20.8%). Median CD4 cell count was 306/microliters at the time of HD diagnosis, while only 5 cases (11%) were preceded by an AIDS manifestation; progression to AIDS rate was 94% at 2 years. Overall 2-year survival was 41%, with 71% for patients with an initial CD4 cell count over 300/microliters and 0% for those with CD4 cell count lower than 300/microliters (p < 0.01); opportunistic infections were the most frequent cause of death. HIV-HD seems to occur preferentially in.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lévy
- Hematology-Oncology Unit, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
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46
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47
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Theodorou I, Raphaël M, Bigorgne C, Fourcade C, Lahet C, Cochet G, Lefranc MP, Gaulard P, Farcet JP. Recombination pattern of the TCR gamma locus in human peripheral T-cell lymphomas. J Pathol 1994; 174:233-42. [PMID: 7884584 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711740402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The recombination events of the gamma and beta T-cell receptor (TCR) loci were analysed in a series of 39 peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) in association with the expression of TCR chains. In TCR alpha beta PTCLs, 22/23 cases showed a gamma-gene rearrangement while only 18/23 showed a concomitant beta-gene rearrangement. The germline configuration of the beta locus was found in angiommunoblastic lymphadenopathy and lymphoepithelioid lymphomas. Three gamma delta PTCLs rearranged both gamma and beta genes. TCR silent PTCLs showed three different patterns of gamma- and beta-gene rearrangements. Three cases were in germline configuration for both loci; five cases had a rearranged gamma and a germline beta locus; and five cases had the two loci rearranged. Regarding the variable genes in the gamma-rearranged alleles, members of the V gamma I subgroup were the most frequently presented (39/50), followed by V gamma II, V gamma III, and V gamma IV (9/50, 1/50, and 1/50, respectively). Joining segment usage was as follows: J1 or J2 (32/50), JP1 or JP2 (17/50), and JP (1/50). Taken together, these data demonstrate that the gamma locus is more frequently rearranged whatever the TCR expression. The gamma-locus analysis provides a better diagnostic yield than the beta locus in the study of PTCL clonality.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/immunology
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Recombination, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- I Theodorou
- INSERM U.91, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Höpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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48
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Cesbron JY, Agut H, Gosselin B, Candotti D, Raphaël M, Puech F, Grandadam M, Debré P, Capron A, Autran B. SCID-Hu mouse as a model for human lung HIV-1 infection. C R Acad Sci III 1994; 317:669-74. [PMID: 7882151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HIV induces a multi-organ infection with a dual tropism for both lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. The lung is a target both for HIV infection and HIV-related opportunistic infections. The SCID mouse has provided the opportunity to develop a small animal model for HIV infection. However, HIV-1 infection of the human fetal thymus and liver (SCID Liv/Thy) implanted in these mice occurred only after direct intraimplant injection of HIV-1 and the resultant HIV-1 infection was restricted to the human thymus. Here we report that human foetal lung can develop in SCID Liv/Thy mice resulting in the development of normal human alveolar and bronchiolar lung compartments which can be productively infected with cell-free HIV-1 virus, leading to a systemic and bifocal infection. This SCID-Hu model should be useful for studying AIDS physiopathology, human viruses with lung tropism and for helping to define gene therapy protocols in lung human cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Cesbron
- INSERM U. 415, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
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49
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Raphaël M. [Mononucleosis syndrome. Diagnostic orientation]. Rev Prat 1994; 44:407-9. [PMID: 8178109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Raphaël
- Département d'hématologie, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris
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50
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Grange C, Cabane J, Dubois A, Raphaël M, Chomette G, Lamas G, Godeau P, Meyer B, Imbert JC. Centrofacial malignant granulomas. Clinicopathologic study of 40 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1992; 71:179-96. [PMID: 1518392 DOI: 10.1097/00005792-199207000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An important problem in the treatment of centrofacial ulcerations is to establish a precise diagnosis, since similar clinical and microscopic findings can result from many different causes (as in the centrofacial malignant granuloma syndrome [CFMG]). A comprehensive surgical biopsy protocol (known as SNFMI/GMCF), involving microbiology, parasitology, immunology and pathology laboratories, allowed us to evaluate and to treat 40 cases of CFMG, who form the basis of this report. In 13 of them, specific diagnoses were found and curative treatments could be given. In the remaining 27, the optical microscopy pattern met the criteria for CFMG without identifiable origin or the presence of so-called lethal midline granulomas; however, a more precise evaluation with the help of immunofluorescence studies led to the recognition of malignant lymphoma (ulcerative lymphoma of the midface [ULM]). Most of these lymphomas belonged to the T cell lineage; the others were of B lymphoid origin, or, more rarely, of histiocytic origin. Patients with ULM received radiotherapy and chemotherapy with a response rate of 70.3%; however, the toxicity was significant, with frequent occurrence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia followed by severe infectious facial cellulitis. Six patients were enrolled in a preliminary open trial of treatment with recombinant alpha-2b interferon with little success. Three patients were treated with radiation therapy only, and survived. Thus, CFMG is a syndrome with specific causes and treatments, requiring multiple extensive biopsies to make the correct diagnosis. The recognition of ULM as the cause of the previously called "lethal midline granulomas" leads logically to the use of chemotherapy with growth factors in order to ameliorate its bad prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grange
- Service de médecine interne, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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