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Lashkari S, Jensen S, Vestergaard M. Response to different sources of vitamin E orally injected and to various doses of vitamin E in calf starter on the plasma vitamin E level in calves around weaning. Animal 2022; 16:100492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Vestergaard M, Jensen K, Juul-Kristensen B. Hybrid high-intensity interval training using functional electrical stimulation leg cycling and arm ski ergometer for people with spinal cord injuries: a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:43. [PMID: 35193705 PMCID: PMC8862540 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-00997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim was to assess safety and feasibility of Hybrid High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) using Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) leg cycling and arm ski ergometer in people with Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI). Method Eight outpatients (mean age 42.8 years; 7 men) with stable SCI paraplegia (mean 14.5 years since injury) participated in hybrid HIIT (90% peak watts; 4 × 4–min intervals), three times a week (over 8 weeks). Primary outcomes were Adverse Events (AE), participant acceptability, shoulder pain, training intensity (% peak watts), and attendance. Secondary outcomes were effect on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) during FES hybrid poling, mean watts, self-reported leisure time physical activity, quality of life, and fatigue. Results No serious AE occurred; acceptability with the training modality was high, while shoulder pain increased by 9% (SD 95.2). During training, 50% of the participants reached > 90% peak watts during the intervals, three with the legs (FES cycle) and one with the arms (Ski-Erg). Overall, mean training intensity (% peak watts) was 92% (SD 18.9) for legs and 82% (SD 10.3) for arms. Proportion of fulfilled training minutes was 82% (range 36–100%); one participant dropped out after 6 weeks due to back pain. Mean VO2peak increased by 17% (SD 17.5). Participants reported increased leisure time physical activity and health-related quality of life, besides reduced fatigue. Conclusion Hybrid HIIT was safe for people with SCI paraplegia. The majority of the criteria for feasibility were met with acceptable attendance rate, limited drop out, participants enjoyed training, and increased VO2peak and mean watts. However, the intensity of 90% peak watts was reached by < 60% of the participants despite high RPE ratings during training. The method of measuring and calculating intensity needs to be studied further before a study using this HIIT protocol is undertaken. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04211311, registered 12 December 2019 retrospectively registered Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-00997-2.
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Samarasinghe MB, Sehested J, Weisbjerg MR, van der Heide ME, Nørgaard JV, Vestergaard M, Hernández-Castellano LE. Feeding milk supplemented with Ulva sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, or Saccharina latissima to preweaning dairy calves: Effects on growth, gut microbiota, gut histomorphology, and short-chain fatty acids in digesta. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12117-12126. [PMID: 34454759 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging knowledge shows the importance of preweaning nutrition on programming the gastrointestinal microbiome and development of the gut barrier function. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of supplementing cow milk with either intact dried Ulva sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, or Saccharina latissima on growth performance and several gut health parameters of preweaning dairy calves. Forty male Holstein calves were selected based on birth weight (41 ± 4 kg) and plasma Brix percentage (≥8.7%) at d 2 of life. From d 2 to d 42 of life, the control calves (n = 10) were fed with cow milk (8 L/d) without seaweed supplementation, and the experimental calves were fed with cow milk (8 L/d) supplemented with either Ulva sp. (n = 10), A. nodosum (n = 10), or S. latissima (n = 10) at a concentration of 50 g/8 L of cow milk per day (i.e., 5% on a dry matter basis). Calves were weighed every week, and body weight gain and calf starter intake were monitored weekly. At d 42 ± 3 of life, calves were slaughtered. The organ weights and digesta pH from the reticulorumen, mid- and end small intestine, and mid-colon were recorded. A tissue sample (5 cm) collected from the mid-small intestine was analyzed for histomorphology. Digesta from the mid-small intestine and mid-colon were analyzed for lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteriaceae, and short-chain fatty acid profile. Weight gain of the calves was not affected by seaweed supplementation. Proportional organ weights were not affected by seaweed supplementation except for reticulorumen weight, which was higher in calves fed Ulva sp. Both the mid-small intestinal and mid-colonic digesta populations of lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli, as well as the mid-small intestinal histomorphology in seaweed-supplemented calves were not different from control calves. However, acetic acid proportion in mid-colonic digesta was increased in calves fed Ulva sp. and A. nodosum, whereas butyric acid proportion was decreased compared with the control calves. Digesta pH in mid- and end small intestine and mid-colon were not affected, whereas ruminal pH was increased in calves fed Ulva sp. compared with the control calves. In conclusion, intact dried seaweed supplementation did not improve the growth or selected gut health parameters (i.e., histomorphology, digesta pH, bacteria, and short-chain fatty acids) in preweaning Holstein calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Samarasinghe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M E van der Heide
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - J V Nørgaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - L E Hernández-Castellano
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Animal Production and Biotechnology group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
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Samarasinghe M, van der Heide M, Weisbjerg M, Sehested J, Sloth J, Bruhn A, Vestergaard M, Nørgaard J, Hernández-Castellano L. A descriptive chemical analysis of seaweeds, Ulva sp., Saccharina latissima and Ascophyllum nodosum harvested from Danish and Icelandic waters. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Schmidt SAJ, Sørensen HT, Langan SM, Vestergaard M. Perceived psychological stress and risk of herpes zoster: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:130-138. [PMID: 33511645 PMCID: PMC8360205 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress may reduce cellular immunity, but its role in triggering latent infections, including herpes zoster (HZ), is controversial. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between perceived psychological stress and risk of HZ. METHODS In a linked registry-based cohort study, we followed 77 310 persons aged 40 years or older who participated in the 2010 Danish National Health Survey from 1 May 2010 until HZ diagnosis, death, emigration or 1 July 2014, whichever occurred first. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) of HZ associated with Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score (range 0-40) using Cox regression with age as the timescale, adjusted for sex, immunosuppressive and selected chronic conditions, immunosuppressive drugs, and sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric factors. The PSS measures chronic stress perceived by an individual in response to various demands of daily life. We modelled the PSS score using quintiles and a restricted cubic spline function. RESULTS The unadjusted rate of HZ varied from 5·53 to 7·20 per 1000 person-years from the lowest to the highest PSS score quintile. Compared with the lowest PSS score quintile, the adjusted HR for HZ was 1·00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·86-1·16], 1·08 (95% CI 0·92-1·26), 1·05 (95% CI 0·90-1·23) and 1·14 (95% CI 0·97-1·34) for the second to the fifth quintile, respectively. In cubic spline analyses, PSS scores < 20 were not associated with increased HR of HZ, but thereafter the HR increased linearly from 1·10 (95% CI 0·85-1·41) to 2·22 (95% CI 1·32-3·75). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that high levels of psychological stress are associated with increased risk of HZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S M Langan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - M Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Samarasinghe MB, Sehested J, Weisbjerg MR, Vestergaard M, Hernández-Castellano LE. Milk supplemented with dried seaweed affects the systemic innate immune response in preweaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3575-3584. [PMID: 33455754 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intact seaweed or seaweed extracts are used as feed supplements to improve the gut microbiome in young animals. Seaweeds provide functional polysaccharides, and they are a good source of vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, all of which are relevant for immune system development. However, literature on the effects of dried seaweed supplementation on immune system development is limited, especially in calves. This experiment aimed to study the effect of feeding milk supplemented with Ulva lactuca, Ascophyllum nodosum, or Saccharina latissima on the systemic immune status of preweaning dairy calves. Forty male Holstein calves with birth body weight 41 ± 4 kg and plasma Brix percentage ≥8.7% at d 2 after birth were used in this study. Calves were fed 4 L of cow milk twice a day (total 8 L/d). From d 2 to d 28, calves in the control group (n = 10) received milk without seaweed supplementation. Over the same period, experimental calves received milk supplemented with Ulva lactuca (SW1; n = 10), Ascophyllum nodosum (SW2; n = 10), or Saccharina latissima (SW3, n = 10). Dried and ground seaweeds were offered at a daily allowance of 50 g/8 L of milk (i.e., approximately 5% inclusion rate on a dry matter basis). Blood samples were collected from a jugular vein on d 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after birth. Plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins, and acute-phase proteins (i.e., serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin) were measured. We detected no differences in average daily gain, plasma immunoglobulins, albumin, or total protein. However, the contrast analysis revealed that plasma concentrations of fibrinogen (SW1 and SW2) and serum amyloid A (SW2 and SW3) were significantly higher in the seaweed groups compared with the control group. We also found a tendency for high plasma haptoglobin in the seaweed groups (SW1 and SW2) compared with the control group. Differences in acute-phase protein concentrations could be partially explained by the large differences in micromineral intake between control and seaweed-supplemented calves. Feeding milk supplemented with dried seaweed increased plasma concentrations of variables related to the innate immune response in preweaning dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Samarasinghe
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU-Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Thorsteinsson M, Canibe N, Vestergaard M. Effect of dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a postbiotic from Lactobacillus acidophilus on the concentration of organic acids, biogenic amines, and microbiota in the small intestine and colon of rosé veal calves. J Anim Feed Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/131078/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thorsteinsson M, Vestergaard M. Performance and health of young rosé veal calves supplemented with yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and a postbiotic from Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Anim Feed Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/124040/2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nørgaard HCB, Schou Pedersen H, Fenger-Grøn M, Vestergaard M, Nordentoft M, Laursen TM, Mors O. Schizophrenia and attendance in primary healthcare: a population-based matched cohort study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2019; 37:358-365. [PMID: 31299863 PMCID: PMC6713101 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2019.1639927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with high mortality, somatic comorbidity and reduced life expectancy. The general practitioner (GP) plays a key role in the treatment of mental and physical multimorbidity. Nevertheless, it is unclear how much individuals with schizophrenia use primary healthcare. This study aims to investigate the yearly numbers of consultations in general practice for individuals with schizophrenia. Design and Setting: We performed a population-based matched cohort study of 21,757 individuals with schizophrenia and 435,140 age- and gender-matched references from Danish National Registers. Monthly general practice consultations were analysed using a generalized linear model with log link and assuming negative binomial distribution. Main outcome measures: Consultation rates in general practice up to17 years after index diagnosis. Results: Individuals with schizophrenia attended their GP more than references throughout the study period. The cases had 82% (95% CI: 78-87) and 76% (95% CI: 71-80) more consultations in primary care after 1 year and 5 years, respectively. Individuals with both schizophrenia and comorbid somatic illness attended even more. Conclusion: Individuals with schizophrenia are in regular contact with their GP, especially if they have comorbid illnesses. Whether an average of six consultations per year for individuals with schizophrenia is sufficient is up for debate. The study demonstrates a potential for an increased prevention and treatment of individuals with schizophrenia in general practice. KEY POINTS Schizophrenia is associated with high mortality, somatic comorbidity and reduced life expectancy. Little is known about the attendance pattern in primary care for individuals with schizophrenia. •We found high attendance rates in primary care for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia from index diagnosis and at least 17 years after diagnosis, which suggests opportunities for earlier intervention to improve their somatic health. •We found an association between high illness comorbidity and increased risk of not attending the general practitioner. The most severely somatically and mentally ill individuals may thus be difficult to reach and support in the current healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. C. B. Nørgaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark;
- CONTACT H. C. B. Nørgaard Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - H. Schou Pedersen
- Research Unit for General Practice & Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - M. Fenger-Grøn
- Research Unit for General Practice & Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - M. Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice & Section for General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - M. Nordentoft
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark;
| | - T. M. Laursen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - O. Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark;
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Vestergaard M, Jørgensen K, Çakmakçı C, Kargo M, Therkildsen M, Munk A, Kristensen T. Performance and carcass quality of crossbred beef x Holstein bull and heifer calves in comparison with purebred Holstein bull calves slaughtered at 17 months of age in an organic production system. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vestergaard M, Jensen A, Drake N, Jensen M. PSXV-34 Effects of feeding either pelleted concentrate and TMR or only TMR from 10 to 18 weeks of age on performance of dairy calves. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A Jensen
- Aarhus University,Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Drake
- Aarhus University,Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Jensen
- Aarhus University,Tjele, Denmark
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Ferris C, Purcell P, Gordon A, Larsen T, Vestergaard M. Performance of Holstein and Swedish-Red × Jersey/Holstein crossbred dairy cows within low- and medium-concentrate grassland-based systems. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7258-7273. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Prior A, Fenger-Grøn M, Davydow DS, Olsen J, Li J, Guldin MB, Vestergaard M. Bereavement, multimorbidity and mortality: a population-based study using bereavement as an indicator of mental stress. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1437-1443. [PMID: 28851470 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental stress is associated with higher mortality, but it remains controversial whether the association is causal or a consequence of a higher physical disease burden in those with a high mental stress load. Understanding causality is important when developing targeted interventions. We aimed to estimate the effect of mental stress on mortality by performing a 'natural' experiment using spousal bereavement as a disease-independent mental stressor. METHODS We followed a population-based matched cohort, including all individuals in Denmark bereaved in 1997-2014, for 17 years. Prospectively recorded register data were obtained for civil and vital status, 39 mental and physical diagnoses, and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS In total, 389 316 bereaved individuals were identified and 137 247 died during follow-up. Bereaved individuals had higher all-cause mortality than non-bereaved references in the entire study period. The relative mortality in the bereaved individuals was highest shortly after the loss (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), first month: 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.37-2.63; aHR, 6-12 months: 1.38, 95% CI 1.34-1.42). The excess mortality rate associated with bereavement rose with increasing number of physical diseases (1.33 v. 7.00 excess death per 1000 person-months for individuals with 0 v. ⩾3 physical conditions during the first month) and was exacerbated by the presence of mental illness. The excess mortality among bereaved individuals was primarily due to death from natural causes. CONCLUSIONS Bereavement was associated with increased short-term and long-term mortality, even after adjustment for morbidities, which suggests that mental stress may play a causal role in excess mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prior
- Research Unit for General Practice,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus,Denmark
| | - M Fenger-Grøn
- Research Unit for General Practice,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus,Denmark
| | - D S Davydow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,University of Washington,Box 359911,325 Ninth Ave,Seattle, WA,USA
| | - J Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology,Aarhus University Hospital,Olof Palmes Allé 43-45,Aarhus N,Denmark
| | - J Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology,Aarhus University Hospital,Olof Palmes Allé 43-45,Aarhus N,Denmark
| | - M-B Guldin
- Research Unit for General Practice,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus,Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus,Denmark
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Gaillard C, Sørensen MT, Vestergaard M, Weisbjerg MR, Basar A, Larsen MK, Martinussen H, Kidmose U, Sehested J. Effect of substituting soybean meal and canola cake with dried distillers grains with solubles at 2 dietary crude protein levels on feed intake, milk production, and milk quality in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8928-8938. [PMID: 28843683 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) is an alternative source of feed protein for dairy cows. Previous studies found that DDGS, based on grains other than corn, can substitute for soybean meal and canola cake as a dietary protein source without reducing milk production or quality. As societal concerns exist, and in many areas strict regulation, regarding nitrogen excretion from dairy cows, the dairy industry has focused on reducing dietary protein level and nitrogen excretion. In the present study, we investigated the use of DDGS as a protein source, at a marginally low dietary crude protein (CP) levels, in a grass-clover and corn silage-based ration. The experiment involved 24 Holstein cows and 2 protein sources (DDGS or soybean-canola mixture) fed at 2 levels of CP (14 or 16%) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both protein source and protein level on feed intake, milk yield, and milk quality. The results indicated that feed intake, milk yield, and protein in milk increased when the protein level in the ration was 16% CP compared with 14%. We found no effect of substituting the soybean-canola mixture with DDGS. Moreover, no sensory problems were observed when comparing fresh milk with stored milk, and milk taste was unaffected by DDGS. Milk from cows fed DDGS had a slightly higher content of linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA 9-11), and lower content of C11 to C17 fatty acids than cows fed diets with the soybean-canola mixture. Cows fed the diets with 16% CP produced milk with higher oleic acids and lower palmitic acid content than cows fed 14% CP diets. To conclude, DDGS can substitute for a soybean-canola mixture without affecting feed intake, milk yield and quality, or sensory quality. Under the conditions of this experiment, feeding 16% CP compared with 14% CP in the ration can increase feed intake and milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaillard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M T Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A Basar
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M K Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - U Kidmose
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Packness A, Hastrup LH, Simonsen E, Vestergaard M, Wehberg S, Waldorff FB. A Danish register-based cohort study on survey data on respondents with symptoms of depression. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx186.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Packness
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - LH Hastrup
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region of Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - E Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region of Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Institute of General Medical Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Wehberg
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - FB Waldorff
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
Several studies have suggested that psychological stress may increase the risk of stroke. However, this link remains a controversial issue because of conflicting findings. Bereavement, the loss of a close relative, is considered a severely stressful life event. Increased risk of stroke could thus be expected after bereavement if stress plays a causal role. We aimed to evaluate the association between bereavement and stroke by performing a systematic review of the existing literature. The literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. A search in Medline and Embase identified eligible studies, which were reviewed by two researchers independently according to specific inclusion criteria. We included six studies: five cohort studies and one case-crossover study. Five studies found that loss of a first-degree relative was associated with a 1.1- to 2.4-fold higher risk of stroke. However, one study found a statistically significant overall risk only for women. Five studies evaluated the risk of stroke according to time since the loss; one study found no association, two studies indicated short-term effect, one study indicated long-term effect, and one study indicated both short-term and long-term effect. Three studies stratified their analysis by sex; two found higher association in bereaved women than men. Our systematic review suggests that bereavement-related stress is associated with a higher risk of stroke. As relatively few studies were identified, new studies are needed to verify this association. These should aim to quantify the risk, describe the effect of time since bereavement, and identify risk-modifying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. S. Aalbaek
- Research Unit for General Practice; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - S. Graff
- Research Unit for General Practice; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - M. Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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Gaillard C, Sørensen MT, Vestergaard M, Weisbjerg MR, Basar A, Larsen MK, Martinussen H, Kidmose U, Sehested J. Effect of substituting soybean meal and canola cake with grain-based dried distillers grains with solubles as a protein source on feed intake, milk production, and milk quality in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7980-7989. [PMID: 28822549 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The growth of the bioethanol industry is leading to an increase in the production of coproducts such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Both corn-based DDGS and grain-based DDGS (gDDGS; defined as originating from grain sources such as barley, wheat, triticale, or a mix, excluding corn) appear to be relevant sources of feed and protein for dairy cows. To date, most of the studies investigating DDGS have been performed with corn-based DDGS. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of the proportion of gDDGS in the diet on feed intake, milk production, and milk quality. The present experiment involved 48 Holstein cows in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 grass-based dietary treatments consisting of 4, 13.5, and 23% gDDGS on a dry matter (DM) basis (L, M, and H, respectively) as a replacement for a concentrate mix. The concentrate mix consisted of soybean meal, canola cake, and beet pulp. Dry matter intake and energy-corrected milk yield were not affected by the proportion of gDDGS in the diet. Daily milk yield decreased with the H diet compared with the L and M diets. The percentage of fat in milk was higher when cows were fed the H diet compared with the L and M diets, whereas milk fat yield was not affected by dietary treatment. The M diet had a higher percentage of protein in milk compared with the L and H diets. Milk protein yield was similar for the L and M diets; however, it decreased for the H diet. Milk taste was not affected by the proportion of gDDGS in the diet or when milk was stored for 7 d. Linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 in milk increased with increasing proportion of gDDGS. To conclude, gDDGS can replace soybean meal and canola cake as a protein source in the diet of dairy cows. Up to 13.5% of the diet may consist of gDDGS without negatively affecting milk production, milk quality, or milk taste. When gDDGS represents 23% of dietary DM, milk production is reduced by 1.6 kg/d, whereas energy-corrected milk production is numerically reduced by 1 kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaillard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M T Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - A Basar
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M K Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - U Kidmose
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 5792 Aarslev, Denmark
| | - J Sehested
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Packness A, Waldorff F, Hastrup L, Simonsen E, Vestergaard M, Halling A. Impact of socioeconomic position and distance on mental health care utilization by incident users of antidepressants. A Danish nationwide follow-up study. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEqual access to health care treatment is a highly prioritized goal in most OECD countries. Timely access has become a priority too; in Denmark now with a 4-week deadline from referral to diagnosis. When mental health services become more centralized and allocation of patients to treatment further away from home become more common, it could have a negative impact on the goal of equal access.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of socioeconomic position (SEP) and distance to provider on outpatient mental health care utilization among incident users of antidepressants.MethodA nationwide, Danish, register based, follow-up study on frequencies of contacts to out-patient psychiatric services, psychologist consultations supported by public funding and therapeutic talks by general practice.Preliminary resultsOutpatient-psychiatric services were reached more often by patients in low SEP measured by income, but their frequencies of visits were less. Contacts to psychologists were less than half for patients in low SEP and less frequent too. Mental health service by GP showed low SEP associated with low contact. No difference in use of emergency or inpatient psychiatric services was found. Distance to provider showed interaction with SEP and contact to psychologist and frequencies of contact to outpatient psychiatrists. When distance increased by 5 km, contact to psychologist fell by 11% among lowest income group and frequencies of visits to outpatient psychiatrist fell by 5%.Preliminary conclusionLower SEP is associated with lower mental health care utilization. Increased distance to provider increases inequity in mental health service utilization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Yu Y, Cnattingius S, Olsen J, Parner ET, Vestergaard M, Liew Z, Zhao N, Li J. Prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in the first decades of life: a nationwide cohort study from Denmark and Sweden. Psychol Med 2017; 47:389-400. [PMID: 27762181 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600266x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of a close relative is one of the most stressful life events. In pregnancy, this experience has been associated with a higher risk of fetal death and under-five mortality, but little is known about potential effects on long-term mortality in offspring. We examined the association between prenatal maternal bereavement and mortality in a cohort of 5.3 million children followed until up to 37 years of age. METHOD The population-based cohort study included 5 253 508 live singleton births in Denmark (1973-2004) and Sweden (1973-2006). Children born to mothers who lost a child, spouse, sibling, or parent during or 1 year before pregnancy were categorized as exposed. RESULTS Prenatal maternal bereavement was associated with a 10% increased all-cause mortality risk in offspring [mortality rate ratio (MRR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.18]. The association was the most pronounced for children of mothers who lost a child/spouse (MRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.44) and was stronger during the first 10 years of life. Prenatal maternal bereavement may have stronger effects on natural causes of death in offspring, including infectious/parasitic disease (MRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.07-3.23), endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (MRR 3.23, 95% CI 2.02-5.17), diseases of nervous system (MRR 3.36, 95% CI 2.47-4.58), and congenital malformations (MRR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08-1.80). No excess mortality risk in offspring was observed for unnatural causes of death. CONCLUSION Prenatal maternal bereavement was associated with an increased long-term mortality risk in offspring, particularly for selected natural causes of diseases and medical conditions. Our results support the fetal programming hypothesis that prenatal stress may contribute to ill health from physical diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yu
- Section for Epidemiology,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - S Cnattingius
- Department of Medicine,Clinical Epidemiology Unit,Solna,Karolinska University Hospital,Karolinska Institute,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - J Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - E T Parner
- Section for Biostatistics,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Public Health,Research Unit for General Practice and Section for General Medical Practice,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - Z Liew
- Department of Epidemiology,Fielding School of Public Health,University of California,Los Angeles,CA,USA
| | - N Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai,China
| | - J Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology,Aarhus University Hospital,Aarhus,Denmark
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Nørgaard H, Søndergaard Pedersen H, Fenger-Grøn M, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Vestergaard M, Munk Laursen T. Increased use of primary care during 6 years of prodromal schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:225-33. [PMID: 27295520 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis is important for the course of schizophrenia. AIM To investigate whether prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia lead to increased use of primary care. METHOD A register-based cohort study of 21 894 cases with incident schizophrenia and 437 880 matched controls. RESULTS Cases used daytime primary care 43% more than controls during the 6 years before diagnosis (IRR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.39; 1.48) and 132% more during the last 2 months (IRR = 2.32; 95% CI: 2.27; 2.37), and 34% (IRR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.23; 1.48) vs. 374% more for out-of-hours services (IRR = 3.74; 95% CI: 3.52; 3.98). Six years before index diagnosis, 30% of cases had at least one psychiatric contact without being diagnosed with schizophrenia, increasing to 75% 1 month before diagnosis. CONCLUSION Increased help-seeking behaviour was seen at least 6 years before index diagnosis, suggesting a 'window' for earlier diagnosis of prodromal schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hcb Nørgaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - M Fenger-Grøn
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - M Nordentoft
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Munk Laursen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Marconi A, Di Marcantonio P, D'Odorico V, Cristiani S, Maiolino R, Oliva E, Origlia L, Riva M, Valenziano L, Zerbi FM, Abreu M, Adibekyan V, Allende Prieto C, Amado PJ, Benz W, Boisse I, Bonfils X, Bouchy F, Buchhave L, Buscher D, Cabral A, Canto Martins BL, Chiavassa A, Coelho J, Christensen LB, Delgado-Mena E, de Medeiros JR, Di Varano I, Figueira P, Fisher M, Fynbo JPU, Glasse ACH, Haehnelt M, Haniff C, Hansen CJ, Hatzes A, Huke P, Korn AJ, Leão IC, Liske J, Lovis C, Maslowski P, Matute I, McCracken RA, Martins CJAP, Monteiro MJPFG, Morris S, Morris T, Nicklas H, Niedzielski A, Nunes NJ, Palle E, Parr-Burman PM, Parro V, Parry I, Pepe F, Piskunov N, Queloz D, Quirrenbach A, Rebolo Lopez R, Reiners A, Reid DT, Santos N, Seifert W, Sousa S, Stempels HC, Strassmeier K, Sun X, Udry S, Vanzi L, Vestergaard M, Weber M, Zackrisson E. EELT-HIRES the high-resolution spectrograph for the E-ELT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2231653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. D'Odorico
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (Italy)
| | - S. Cristiani
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (Italy)
| | | | - E. Oliva
- INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy)
| | - L. Origlia
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (Italy)
| | - M. Riva
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (Italy)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - P. J. Amado
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (Spain)
| | | | - I. Boisse
- Lab. d'Astrophysique de Marseille (France)
| | - X. Bonfils
- Observatoire de Science de l'Univ. de Grenoble (France)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A. Chiavassa
- Lab. Lagrange, Univ. Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (France)
| | | | | | | | | | - I. Di Varano
- Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A. Hatzes
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany)
| | - P. Huke
- Univ. of Göttingen (Germany)
| | | | - I. C. Leão
- Federal Univ. of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E. Palle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Spain)
| | | | - V. Parro
- Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia (Brazil)
| | - I. Parry
- Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
| | - F. Pepe
- Univ. de Genève (Switzerland)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - X. Sun
- Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
| | - S. Udry
- Univ. de Genève (Switzerland)
| | - L. Vanzi
- Pontificia Univ. Católica de Chile (Chile)
| | | | - M. Weber
- Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (Germany)
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Gaillard C, Barbu H, Sørensen M, Sehested J, Callesen H, Vestergaard M. Milk yield and estrous behavior during eight consecutive estruses in Holstein cows fed standardized or high energy diets and grouped according to live weight changes in early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3134-3143. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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László KD, Li J, Olsen J, Vestergaard M, Obel C, Cnattingius S. Maternal bereavement and the risk of preterm delivery: the importance of gestational age and of the precursor of preterm birth. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1163-1173. [PMID: 26646988 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm delivery (PD), but the associations between stress and subtypes of PD are not clear. We investigated maternal loss of a close relative and risks of very and moderately PD (<32 and 32-36 weeks, respectively) and spontaneous and medically indicated PD. METHOD We studied 4 940 764 live singleton births in Denmark (1978-2008) and Sweden (1973-2006). We retrieved information on death of women's family members (children, partner, siblings, parents), birth outcomes and maternal characteristics from nationwide registries. RESULTS Overall, the death of a close family member the year before pregnancy or in the first 36 weeks of pregnancy was associated with a 7% increased risk of PD [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.10]. The highest hazard ratios (HR) for PD were found for death of an older child [HR (95% CI) 1.20 (1.10-1.31)] and for death of a partner [HR (95% CI) 1.31 (1.03-1.66)]. These losses were associated with higher risks of very preterm [HR (95% CI) 1.61 (1.29-2.01) and 2.07 (1.15-3.74), respectively] than of moderately preterm [HR (95% CI) 1.14 (1.03-1.26) and 1.22 (0.94-1.58), respectively] delivery. There were no substantial differences in the association between death of a child or partner and the risk of spontaneous v. medically indicated PD. CONCLUSIONS Death of a close family member the year before or during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PD, especially very PD. Possible mechanisms include both spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D László
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine,Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - J Li
- Section for Epidemiology,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - J Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - C Obel
- Research Unit for General Practice,Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - S Cnattingius
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine,Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute,Stockholm,Sweden
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Jensen LF, Pedersen AF, Andersen B, Vestergaard M, Vedsted P. Non-participation in breast cancer screening for women with chronic diseases and multimorbidity: a population-based cohort study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:798. [PMID: 26502879 PMCID: PMC4623919 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic diseases and multimorbidity are common in western countries and associated with increased breast cancer mortality. This study aims to investigate non-participation in breast cancer screening among women with chronic diseases and multimorbidity and the role of time in this association. Method This population-based cohort study used regional and national registries. Women who were invited to the first breast cancer screening round in the Central Denmark Region in 2008–09 were included (n = 149,234). Selected chronic diseases and multimorbidity were assessed up to 10 years before the screening date. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used as an association measure. Results The results indicated that women with at least one chronic condition were significantly more likely not to participate in breast cancer screening. In adjusted analysis, a significantly higher likelihood of non-participation was found for women with cancer (PR = 1.50, 95 % CI: 1.40–1.60), mental illness (PR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.42–1.60), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.42–1.62), neurological disorders (PR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.12–1.37) and kidney disease (PR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.49–1.94), whereas women with chronic bowel disease (PR = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.65–0.88) were more likely to participate than women without these disease. Multimorbidity was associated with increased non-participation likelihood. E.g. having 3 or more diseases was associated with 58 % increased non-participation likelihood (95 % CI: 27–96 %). Higher non-participation was also observed for women with severe multimorbidity (PR = 1.53, 95 % CI: 1.23–1.90) and mental-physical multimorbidity (PR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.36–1.75). Conclusion In conclusion, we found a strong association between non-participation in breast cancer screening for some chronic diseases and for multimorbidity. The highest propensity not to participate was observed for women with hospital contacts related to the chronic disease in the period closest to the screening date. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1829-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Jensen
- Department of Public Health, The Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, The Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department for Public Health Programs, Regional Hospital of Randers, Skovlyvej 1, 8930, Randers, Denmark.
| | - A F Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, The Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, The Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - B Andersen
- Department for Public Health Programs, Regional Hospital of Randers, Skovlyvej 1, 8930, Randers, Denmark.
| | - M Vestergaard
- Department of Public Health, The Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - P Vedsted
- Department of Public Health, The Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, The Research Centre for Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care (CaP), Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Li J, Vestergaard M, Cnattingius S, Gissler M, Bech BH, Obel C, Olsen J. Mortality after Parental Death in Childhood: a Nationwide Cohort Study from Three Nordic Countries. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cackett EM, Gültekin K, Bentz MC, Fausnaugh MM, Peterson BM, Troyer J, Vestergaard M. SWIFT/UVOT GRISM MONITORING OF NGC 5548 IN 2013: AN ATTEMPT AT Mg ii REVERBERATION MAPPING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/810/2/86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Edelson R, Gelbord JM, Horne K, McHardy IM, Peterson BM, Arévalo P, Breeveld AA, Rosa GD, Evans PA, Goad MR, Kriss GA, Brandt WN, Gehrels N, Grupe D, Kennea JA, Kochanek CS, Nousek JA, Papadakis I, Siegel M, Starkey D, Uttley P, Vaughan S, Young S, Barth AJ, Bentz MC, Brewer BJ, Crenshaw DM, Dalla Bontà E, Cáceres ADL, Denney KD, Dietrich M, Ely J, Fausnaugh MM, Grier CJ, Hall PB, Kaastra J, Kelly BC, Korista KT, Lira P, Mathur S, Netzer H, Pancoast A, Pei L, Pogge RW, Schimoia JS, Treu T, Vestergaard M, Villforth C, Yan H, Zu Y. SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. II.SWIFTANDHSTREVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE ACCRETION DISK OF NGC 5548. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rosa GD, Peterson BM, Ely J, Kriss GA, Crenshaw DM, Horne K, Korista KT, Netzer H, Pogge RW, Arévalo P, Barth AJ, Bentz MC, Brandt WN, Breeveld AA, Brewer BJ, Dalla Bontà E, Lorenzo-Cáceres AD, Denney KD, Dietrich M, Edelson R, Evans PA, Fausnaugh MM, Gehrels N, Gelbord JM, Goad MR, Grier CJ, Grupe D, Hall PB, Kaastra J, Kelly BC, Kennea JA, Kochanek CS, Lira P, Mathur S, McHardy IM, Nousek JA, Pancoast A, Papadakis I, Pei L, Schimoia JS, Siegel M, Starkey D, Treu T, Uttley P, Vaughan S, Vestergaard M, Villforth C, Yan H, Young S, Zu Y. SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. I. ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF THE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY NGC 5548 WITH THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH ONHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mogensen L, Kristensen T, Nielsen N, Spleth P, Henriksson M, Swensson C, Hessle A, Vestergaard M. Greenhouse gas emissions from beef production systems in Denmark and Sweden. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kilerci Eser E, Vestergaard M, Peterson BM, Denney KD, Bentz MC. ON THE SCATTER IN THE RADIUS-LUMINOSITY RELATIONSHIP FOR ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/801/1/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ribe AR, Laursen TM, Sandbaek A, Charles M, Nordentoft M, Vestergaard M. Long-term mortality of persons with severe mental illness and diabetes: a population-based cohort study in Denmark. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3097-3107. [PMID: 25065292 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with severe mental illness (SMI) have excess mortality, which may partly be explained by their high prevalence of diabetes. METHOD We compared the overall and cause-specific mortality in persons with SMI and diabetes with that of the general Danish population between 1997 and 2009 by linking data from Danish national registries. RESULTS The cohort counted 4 734 703 persons, and during follow-up 651 080 persons died of whom 1083 persons had SMI and diabetes. Compared with the background population, the overall mortality rate ratios (MRRs) for persons with SMI and diabetes were 4.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.81-4.51] for men and 3.13 (95% CI 2.88-3.40) for women. The cause-specific MRRs for persons with SMI and diabetes were lowest for malignant neoplasms (women: MRR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.64-2.39; men: MRR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.69-2.56) and highest for unnatural causes of death (women: MRR = 12.31, 95% CI 6.80-22.28; men: MRR = 7.89, 95% CI 5.51-11.29). The cumulative risks of death within 7 years of diabetes diagnosis for persons with SMI and diabetes were 15.0% (95% CI 12.4-17.6%) for those younger than 50 years, 30.7% (95% CI 27.8-33.4%) for those aged 50-69 years, and 63.8% (95% CI 58.9-68.2%) for those aged 70 years or older. Among persons suffering from both diseases, 33.4% of natural deaths were attributed to diabetes and 14% of natural deaths were attributed to the interaction between diabetes and SMI. CONCLUSIONS Long-term mortality is high for persons with SMI and diabetes. This calls for effective intervention from a coordinated and collaborating healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ribe
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - T M Laursen
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Faculty of Social Sciences,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - A Sandbaek
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - M Charles
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - M Nordentoft
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
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László KD, Ananth CV, Wikström AK, Svensson T, Li J, Olsen J, Vestergaard M, Obel C, Cnattingius S. Loss of a close family member the year before or during pregnancy and the risk of placental abruption: a cohort study from Denmark and Sweden. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1855-1866. [PMID: 24067196 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with a modestly increased risk of fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia. Since placental abruption shares similar pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors with fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, we hypothesized that maternal stress may be implicated in abruption risk. We investigated the association between maternal bereavement during pregnancy and placental abruption. METHOD We studied singleton births in Denmark (1978-2008) and Sweden (1973-2006) (n = 5,103,272). In nationwide registries, we obtained data on death of women's close family members (older children, siblings, parents, and partners), abruption and potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 30,312 (6/1000) pregnancies in the cohort were diagnosed with placental abruption. Among normotensive women, death of a child the year before or during pregnancy was associated with a 54% increased odds of abruption [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-1.82]; the increased odds were restricted to women who lost a child the year before or during the first trimester in pregnancy. In the group with chronic hypertension, death of a child the year before or in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with eight-fold increased odds of abruption (odds ratio 8.17, 95% CI 3.17-21.10). Death of other relatives was not associated with abruption risk. CONCLUSIONS Loss of a child the year before or in the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of abruption, especially among women with chronic hypertension. Studies are needed to investigate the effect of less severe, but more frequent, sources of stress on placental abruption risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D László
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine,Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - C V Ananth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons,Columbia University,New York,USA
| | - A K Wikström
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine,Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - T Svensson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine,Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute,Stockholm,Sweden
| | - J Li
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - J Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - M Vestergaard
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - C Obel
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark
| | - S Cnattingius
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine,Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute,Stockholm,Sweden
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Kjaer D, Christensen J, Bech BH, Pedersen LH, Vestergaard M, Olsen J. Preschool behavioral problems in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs - a follow-up study. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29:407-11. [PMID: 24090777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association between maternal epilepsy, antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment, and behavioral problems in preschool children. In the Danish National Birth Cohort, we identified 4- to 5-year-old children whose mothers had epilepsy and received AED treatment (n=133) or not (n=304) during pregnancy and compared them with randomly selected children whose mothers did not have epilepsy (n=1193). The children's behavioral problems were assessed by the use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children prenatally exposed to AEDs more often had an abnormal total SDQ score as compared with children of women without epilepsy (odds ratio (OR)=4.8 (95% CI: 1.9-12.1)) and as compared with children of women with epilepsy who were not treated with AEDs during their pregnancy (OR=4.0 (95% CI: 1.3-12.8)). In conclusion, prenatal AED exposure may increase the risk of behavioral problems in preschool children even after adjustments for potential confounders and maternal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kjaer
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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Kilic D, Pedersen H, Kjaersgaard M, Parner E, Vestergaard M, Sørensen M, Olsen J. Adverse birth outcomes after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vestergaard M, Therkildsen M, Henckel P, Jensen LR, Andersen HR, Sejrsen K. Influence of feeding intensity, grazing and finishing feeding on meat and eating quality of young bulls and the relationship between muscle fibre characteristics, fibre fragmentation and meat tenderness. Meat Sci 2012; 54:187-95. [PMID: 22060615 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/1999] [Revised: 07/01/1999] [Accepted: 07/15/1999] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Forty-one autumn-born Friesian bull calves were allocated to two production systems (Extensive='E'and Intensive='I'). In the E-system, animals were loose-housed and fed a roughage-based diet from October to May, followed by a grazing period from May to October. Ten animals were slaughtered directly from pasture in October [360 kg body weight (BW)] and 11 after a 10-week finishing period in tie-stalls (460 kg). The E-bulls were compared with intensively-fed tie-stall-housed young bulls (I) slaughtered at comparable weights (360 kg, n=11 and 460 kg, n=9). The myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) was measured 24 h post mortem in semitendinosus (ST), longissimus dorsi (LD), and supraspinatus (SU) muscles, and meat quality characteristics and sensory evaluation of LD were performed on aged meat. Intramuscular fat content was lower (P<0.001) in all three muscles of E- compared with I-bulls. MFI of ST and LD was lower in E-bulls compared with I-bulls, but only at 360 kg. In contrast, MFI of SU was higher in E- compared with I-bulls at 360 kg. In E- compared with I-bulls, shear force value of ST was higher (P<0.003) at 360 kg, but not at 460 kg. Panel scores for tenderness, taste and juiciness were all lower (P<0.006 to 0.001) and remarks for off-flavour higher in E- compared with I-bulls, the effects being most pronounced at 360 kg. A 10-week finishing period improved all meat and eating quality characteristics of E-bulls. In LD, the correlation between MFI and tenderness was 0.79 (P<0.001), which indicates a potential of MFI as an early predictor of tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Li J, Vestergaard M, Obel C, Cnattingus S, Gissler M, Ahrensberg J, Olsen J. Antenatal maternal bereavement and childhood cancer in the offspring: a population-based cohort study in 6 million children. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:544-8. [PMID: 22759879 PMCID: PMC3405225 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prenatal stress may increase the susceptibility to childhood cancer by affecting immune responses and hormonal balance. We examined whether antenatal stress following maternal bereavement increased the risk of childhood cancer. Methods: All children born in Denmark from 1968 to 2007 (N=2 743 560) and in Sweden from 1973 to 2006 (N=3 400 212) were included in this study. We compared cancer risks in children born to women who lost a first-degree relative (a child, spouse, a parent, or a sibling) the year before pregnancy or during pregnancy with cancer risks in children of women who did not experience such bereavement. Results: A total of 9795 childhood cancer cases were observed during follow-up of 68 360 707 person years. Children born to women who lost a child or a spouse, but not those who lost other relatives, had an average 30% increased risk of any cancer (hazard ratio (HR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.77). The HRs were the highest for non-Hodgkin disease (512 cases in total, HR 3.40, 95% CI 1.51–7.65), hepatic cancer (125 cases in total, HR 5.51, 95% CI 1.34–22.64), and testicular cancer (86 cases in total, HR 8.52, 95% CI 2.03–37.73). Conclusion: Our data suggest that severe antenatal stress following maternal bereavement, especially due to loss of a child or a spouse, is associated with an increased risk of certain childhood cancers in the offspring, such as hepatic cancer and non-Hodgkin disease, but not with childhood cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Alle 2, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Li J, Obel C, Vestergaard M, Olsen J. P2-153 Prenatal stress following maternal bereavement during pregnancy and overweight in the offspring: a cohort study in 109 919 Danish conscripts. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976i.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Li J, Vestergaard M, Obel C, Cnattingus S, Gissler M, Olsen J. Cohort Profile: The Nordic Perinatal Bereavement Cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 40:1161-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vestergaard M, Hamada T, Morita M, Takagi M. Cholesterol, Lipids, Amyloid Beta, and Alzheimers. Curr Alzheimer Res 2010; 7:262-70. [DOI: 10.2174/156720510791050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kristensen NB, Engbaek M, Vestergaard M, Harmon DL. Technical note: ruminal cannulation technique in young Holstein calves: effects of cannulation on feed intake, body weight gain, and ruminal development at six weeks of age. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:737-42. [PMID: 20105545 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminal cannulation techniques are frequently used to study fermentation in the ruminant forestomach. Unsatisfactory results with the traditionally applied procedure for cannulation of young calves stimulated the development of a simpler and more robust procedure; this procedure was tested for effects on performance traits and gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract compared with a control group not undergoing surgery. Five calves were ruminally cannulated at approximately 10 d of age and 5 matching calves were used as controls. All calves were fed milk replacer and a diet based on clover grass silage and sodium hydroxide-treated wheat. Ruminal fluid was collected from cannulated calves once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. All calves were euthanized at 43+/-3 d of age. No apparent adverse effects of cannulation were observed. Feed intake, BW gain, and gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract were not affected by cannulation. Minimum ruminal pH increased with sampling week, but average ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids concentration, and volatile fatty acids proportions were not affected by sampling week. In conclusion, the implemented surgical technique was found to have no major effect on apparent animal health and performance traits, and the cannula proved useful for multiple samplings of ruminal contents in young calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Kristensen
- Department of Animal Health and Bioscience, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Moloney F, Vestergaard M, Radojkovic B, Damian D. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study to assess the effect of topical 1% nicotinamide on actinic keratoses. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:1138-9. [PMID: 20199551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nielsen LF, Schendel D, Grove J, Hvidtjørn D, Jacobsson B, Josiassen T, Vestergaard M, Uldall P, Thorsen P. Asphyxia-related risk factors and their timing in spastic cerebral palsy. BJOG 2009; 115:1518-28. [PMID: 19035988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of asphyxia-related conditions (reducing blood flow or blood oxygen levels in the fetus) with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) considering different gestational age groups and the timing of risk. DESIGN Population-based case-control study. SETTING Danish Cerebral Palsy Register in eastern Denmark and Danish Medical Birth Register. POPULATION OR SAMPLE 271 singletons with spastic CP and 217 singleton controls, frequency matched by gestational age group, born 1982-1990 in eastern Denmark. METHODS Data were abstracted from medical records, and a priori asphyxia-related conditions and other risk factors were selected for analysis. Each factor was classified according to the time at which it was likely to first be present. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Spastic CP. RESULTS Placental and cord complications accounted for the majority of asphyxia conditions. In multivariate analysis, placental infarction was significantly associated with a four-fold increased risk for spastic quadriplegia and cord around the neck was significantly associated with a three-fold increased risk for spastic CP overall. The combination of placental infarction and being small for gestational age (SGA) afforded an especially high risk for spastic quadriplegia. Placental and cord complications were present in 21% of cases and 12% of controls. CONCLUSIONS The risk for spastic quadriplegia from placental infarction may be linked in some cases with abnormal fetal growth (17% of all children with spastic quadriplegia and 3% of control children both had an infarction and were SGA) -- suggesting an aetiologic pathway that encompasses both factors. The risk for spastic CP from cord around the neck is not accounted for by other prepartum or intrapartum factors we examined. Considering the relative timing of risk factors provides a useful framework for studies of CP aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Nielsen
- NANEA, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Kjaer D, Horvath-Puhó E, Christensen J, Vestergaard M, Czeizel AE, Sørensen HT, Olsen J. Antiepileptic drug use, folic acid supplementation, and congenital abnormalities: a population-based case-control study. BJOG 2007; 115:98-103. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kristensen NB, Sehested J, Jensen SK, Vestergaard M. Effect of Milk Allowance on Concentrate Intake, Ruminal Environment, and Ruminal Development in Milk-Fed Holstein Calves. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4346-55. [PMID: 17699055 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present experiment was to test the hypothesis that a barley-based concentrate would induce an acidic ruminal environment in young calves and that increased milk allowance would alleviate this condition. Eight Holstein calves ruminally cannulated at d 7 +/- 1 of age were used to study the effect of variation in barley-based starter concentrate intake induced by 4 different milk allowances (3.10, 4.84, 6.60, and 8.34 kg of milk replacer/d; 123 g of dry matter/kg of milk) on the ruminal environment, blood variables, and fore-stomach development from wk 2 to 5 of age. Twelve ruminal fluid samples were collected during a weekly 24-h sampling in 4 consecutive weeks. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture between 1200 and 1300 h on ruminal sampling days. Rumen papillae development and visceral organ mass were recorded at slaughter. A linear treatment x week effect was observed for concentrate intake, with the calves fed the lowest milk allowance having the fastest increase in concentrate intake whereby these calves reached the same ME intake in wk 5 compared with calves with the highest milk allowance. Effects on ruminal variables were dominated by week of sampling, with minor differences among treatments. Ruminal pH was below 5.5 for 5 to 13 h/d and all calves with concentrate intake above 20 g of dry matter/d were observed to have a daily ruminal pH minimum at pH 5.5 or lower. The ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased from 71 to 133 +/- 9 mmol/L in wk 2 to 5 and was characterized by a relatively high molar proportion of propionate, increasing from 34 to 40 mol/100 mol of VFA in wk 2 to 5. In addition, the presence of ethanol and propanol as well as numerous VFA esters points to a ruminal environment with a relatively high hydrogen pressure. Plasma glucose and insulin responded to the highest milk allowance in wk 2 to 4. Plasma VFA and ketone bodies increased with the lowest milk allowance in wk 4 to 5. At slaughter, empty wet weights of the rumen + reticulum and omasum as well as mass of digesta in these compartments were found to decrease linearly and perirenal fat was found to increase linearly with milk allowance, indicating that the milk allowance changed the body composition of the calves. Lengths of ruminal papillae in the atrium and ventral ruminal sac were not affected by treatment. We concluded that the ruminal environment of young calves fed a barley-based starter concentrate was characterized by a low ruminal pH and high VFA concentration regardless of the milk allowance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Kristensen
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Nissen PM, Sørensen IL, Vestergaard M, Oksbjerg N. Effects of sow nutrition on maternal and foetal serum growth factors and on foetal myogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/asc40700299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of increased maternal nutrition in early to mid gestation on changes in serum growth factors of the sow and foetuses. Furthermore, the effect of the foetal sera on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of porcine primary myoblasts was examined. Pregnant sows were either given food either in accordance to requirements (2 kg/day; C) until day 50 or 70 of gestation or given food in accordance to requirements until day 25 and then ad libitum (A) until day 50 or 70. Sows were slaughtered at the Institute's veterinary controlled slaughterhouse at day 50 or 70, respectively. Serum from sows and pools of cord-blood serum from each litter were analysed for glucose, lactate, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF; IGF-1 and -2) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGF-1 (P < 0·001) was higher in A compared with C sows, and a 28-kDa IGFBP (P < 0·05) and a 24-kDa IGFBP (P < 0·05) was higher in serum from day 70 compared with day 50 sows. There was no significant effect of food intake on growth factor concentrations in foetal serum or on serum-induced proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. A 28 kDa IGFBP, IGFBP-2 and -3 were all higher (P < 0·06) and serum-induced proliferation (P < 0·001) and differentiation (P < 0·1) lower at day 70 than day 50. Maternal food intake did not influence the DNA and RNA concentrations and the CPK activity in the foetal longissimus dorsi muscle. The glucose concentration in the liver was higher in C than A foetuses at day 70 of gestation, but not at day 50.In conclusion, no significant effects of maternal nutrition were found on serum growth factor concentrations in the foetuses or on serum-induced proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts.
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Vestergaard M, Madsen NT, Bligaard HB, Bredahl L, Rasmussen PT, Andersen HR. Consequences of two or four months of finishing feeding of culled dry dairy cows on carcass characteristics and technological and sensory meat quality. Meat Sci 2007; 76:635-43. [PMID: 22061239 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 12/29/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Finishing feeding was evaluated as a way to improve carcass-, meat- and eating quality of culled dairy cows. In total, 125 Danish Friesian cows were purchased from commercial dairy herds. Cows were culled for various typical reasons at different stages of lactation, were non-pregnant and had milk yield at culling ranging from 1 to 25kg/d and had LW varying from 330 to 778kg. Cows were housed in tie-stalls and had free access to barley straw and water during a 7-d drying-off period. Cows were allocated to three equal treatment groups based on parity, LW, BCS, and culling reason. A control group (C) was slaughtered immediately after drying-off (n=43), a group (F2) was finishing-fed for 63 days (n=41), and a group (F4) was finishing-fed for 126 days (n=41). In the finishing period, cows had free access to a TMR (10.6 MJ ME and 130g CP per kg of DM). Cows on treatment, F2 and F4 gained 1.16±0.05kg/d in the finishing period. Compared with C-cows, F2- and F4-cows had 56 and 97kg higher carcass weight, 10% and 21% larger Longissimus muscle area, and 14 and 70% more backfat, respectively, at time of slaughter. EUROP conformation scores were 2.2 (C), 3.4 (F2) and 4.4 (F4) and EUROP fat scores were 1.9, 3.0 and 3.7. Finishing feeding increased IMF, improved meat flavour and colour, and tended to reduce shear force value and improve tenderness and juiciness. The F4 cows also had higher fat trim than C- and F2-cows. Cows were divided into two parity groups (1st parity and older cows). Compared with 1st parity cows, older cows ate 12% more feed, had similar daily gain, were heavier, and had higher BCS and fatness including IMF. The results show that it is possible to dry-off and finish-feed culled dairy cows resulting in larger muscles, increased fatness, improved overall carcass quality and better technological as well as sensory quality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vestergaard
- Department of Animal Health, Wealth and Nutrition, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Abstract
Milk yield of the dairy cow follows a pattern termed the lactation curve. We have investigated the cellular background for this pattern. Seven mammary biopsies were obtained from each of 10 cows: at the end of lactation (d 347, equal to d 77 before next parturition); during the dry period at d 48 (4 d after dry off); 16 d before parturition; and during lactation at d 14, 42, 88, and 172. The fraction of proliferating (staining positive for Ki-67) alveolar cells was higher during the dry period (8.6%) than during lactation (0.5%). The fraction of apoptotic (staining positive by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) alveolar cells was higher immediately after dry off (0.37%) and in early lactation (0.76%) than during other periods (0.15%). The enzyme activities of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl CoA-carboxylase, and galactosyl transferase were approximately 12-, 11-, and 4-fold higher, respectively, during lactation than during the dry period. In conclusion, mammary cell proliferation is substantial in a period near parturition but otherwise low, and apoptosis is elevated at dry off and in early lactation. The increase in apoptosis in early lactation may be due to discarding nonfunctional or senescent cells or to removal of a surplus of newly synthesized cells. The activity of selected enzymes central for milk synthesis is probably not limiting for milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Sorensen
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
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49
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Oksbjerg N, Nissen PM, Vestergaard M. Serum from heifer calves treated with bovine growth hormone affects the rate of proliferation of C2C12 myogenic cells dependent on the plane of nutrition: the role of insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding proteins-2 and -3. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006; 90:177-84. [PMID: 16684137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present in vitro experiments were carried out in order to study whether variations in the bovine growth hormone (bGH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis induced by plane of nutrition and bGH treatment of heifer calves caused variations in serum-induced proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts. Serum was obtained from two groups each of six heifer calves (195 +/- 8 kg) before (d -1) and after treatment with 15 mg/day of bGH for 6 days (d 6) fed either a low (GHL) or a high plane (GHH) of nutrition. Preceding the experiment all 12 heifer calves were fed at the low plane of nutrition. At d 6, serum concentrations of insulin and IGF-I were increased while that of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP)-2 was decreased in GHH, but unchanged in GHL calves. Serum-induced proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, was elevated at d 6 by GHH treatment. Especially human IGFBP-3 but also bovine IGFBP-2 added to cell cultures inhibited the rate of proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts stimulated by human IGF-I. The present results showed that GH treatment causes changes in the GH/IGF axis, which leads to changes in serum-induced growth of C2C12 muscle cells dependent on the plane of nutrition that mimic in vivo effects of GH treatment, which indicate an endocrine contribution of the IGF system. However, drawbacks of this suggestion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oksbjerg
- Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, Tjele.
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50
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Abstract
The mammary gland of prepubertal dairy heifers consists of parenchyma expanding into the stroma, a matrix of connective and adipose tissue. High planes of nutrition increase stromal mass, but inhibit growth of parenchyma. The parenchyma consists of epithelial cells proliferating in response to growth factors such as insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I). These observations have led to the hypothesis that elevated planes of nutrition increase leptin production, which in turn inhibits IGF-I-mediated epithelial cell proliferation. To assess this possibility, heifers were offered planes of nutrition sustaining average daily gains of 715 g/d (normal; NP) or 1,202 g/d (high; HP) from 42 d of age until slaughter at 240 kg. At slaughter, HP heifers had 2-fold greater plasma leptin concentration and 3-fold greater leptin mRNA abundance in mammary stroma and parenchyma. To assess the causal nature between leptin and parenchymal development, the induction of signaling events and functional responses in the MAC-T cell line and in primary mammary epithelial cells by leptin was examined. Leptin did not induce phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3, STAT5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), or AKT/Protein kinase B. Consistent with its inability to signal, leptin did not alter basal- or IGF-I-stimulated thymidine incorporation or increase suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in these cells. Transcripts corresponding to the short leptin receptor form were present in mammary tissue, but those corresponding to the long signaling form were not detected in either mammary tissue or cells. In conclusion, elevated planes of nutrition increase leptin synthesis in mammary stroma, but leptin does not act directly on bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Thorn
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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