1
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van Ginneken M, Wozniakiewicz PJ, Brownlee DE, Debaille V, Della Corte V, Delauche L, Duprat J, Engrand C, Folco L, Fries M, Gattacceca J, Genge MJ, Goderis S, Gounelle M, Harvey RP, Jonker G, Krämer Ruggiu L, Larsen J, Lever JH, Noguchi T, Peterson S, Rochette P, Rojas J, Rotundi A, Rudraswami NG, Suttle MD, Taylor S, Van Maldeghem F, Zolensky M. Micrometeorite collections: a review and their current status. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230195. [PMID: 38736337 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Micrometeorites are estimated to represent the main part of the present flux of extraterrestrial matter found on the Earth's surface and provide valuable samples to probe the interplanetary medium. Here, we describe large and representative collections of micrometeorites currently available to the scientific community. These include Antarctic collections from surface ice and snow, as well as glacial sediments from the eroded top of nunataks-summits outcropping from the icesheet-and moraines. Collections extracted from deep-sea sediments (DSS) produced a large number of micrometeorites, in particular, iron-rich cosmic spherules that are rarer in other collections. Collections from the old and stable surface of the Atacama Desert show that finding large numbers of micrometeorites is not restricted to polar regions or DSS. The advent of rooftop collections marks an important step into involving citizen science in the study of micrometeorites, as well as providing potential sampling locations over all latitudes to explore the modern flux. We explore their strengths of the collections to address specific scientific questions and their potential weaknesses. The future of micrometeorite research will involve the finding of large fossil micrometeorite collections and benefit from recent advances in sampling cosmic dust directly from the air. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dust in the Solar System and beyond'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias van Ginneken
- Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kent , Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Penelope J Wozniakiewicz
- Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kent , Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Donald E Brownlee
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Vinciane Debaille
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | | | - Lucie Delauche
- IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 , Orsay 91405, France
| | - Jean Duprat
- IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 , Orsay 91405, France
- IMPMC, CNRS-MNHN-Sorbonne Universités, UMR7590, 57 rue Cuvier , Paris 75005, France
| | - Cecile Engrand
- IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 , Orsay 91405, France
| | - Luigi Folco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc Fries
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) , Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Jérôme Gattacceca
- CEREGE, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, INRAE , Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Matthew J Genge
- Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London , , UK
| | - Steven Goderis
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels BE 1050, Belgium
| | | | - Ralph P Harvey
- Department of Geological Sciences, 112 A. W. Smith Building, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH 44106-7216, USA
| | - Guido Jonker
- Faculty of Science, Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Krämer Ruggiu
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels BE 1050, Belgium
| | | | - James H Lever
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory , Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Takaaki Noguchi
- Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Pierre Rochette
- CEREGE, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, INRAE , Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Julien Rojas
- IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 , Orsay 91405, France
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Alessandra Rotundi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali-INAF , Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate, Universita` degli Studi di Napoli ''Parthenope'' , Napoli, Italy
| | - N G Rudraswami
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography , Goa 403 004, India
| | - Martin D Suttle
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa , Pisa, Italy
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University , Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Susan Taylor
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory , Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Flore Van Maldeghem
- Archaeology, Environmental Changes and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels BE 1050, Belgium
| | - Michael Zolensky
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) , Houston, TX 77058, USA
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2
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Razzell Hollis J, Sharma S, Abbey W, Bhartia R, Beegle L, Fries M, Hein JD, Monacelli B, Nordman AD. A Deep Ultraviolet Raman and Fluorescence Spectral Library of 51 Organic Compounds for the SHERLOC Instrument Onboard Mars 2020. Astrobiology 2023; 23:1-23. [PMID: 36367974 PMCID: PMC9810352 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report deep ultraviolet (DUV) Raman and Fluorescence spectra obtained on a SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals) analog instrument for 51 pure organic compounds, including 5 carboxylic acids, 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 24 amino acids, 6 nucleobases, and 6 different grades of macromolecular carbon from humic acid to graphite. Organic mixtures were not investigated. We discuss how the DUV fluorescence and Raman spectra exhibited by different organic compounds allow for detection, classification, and identification of organics by SHERLOC. We find that 1- and 2-ring aromatic compounds produce detectable fluorescence within SHERLOC's spectral range (250-355 nm), but fluorescence spectra are not unique enough to enable easy identification of particular compounds. However, both aromatic and aliphatic compounds can be identified by their Raman spectra, with the number of Raman peaks and their positions being highly specific to chemical structure, within SHERLOC's reported spectral uncertainty of ±5 cm-1. For compounds that are not in the Library, classification is possible by comparing the general number and position of dominant Raman peaks with trends for different kinds of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Razzell Hollis
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunanda Sharma
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - William Abbey
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - Luther Beegle
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Marc Fries
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Hein
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brian Monacelli
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Austin D. Nordman
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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3
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Scheller EL, Razzell Hollis J, Cardarelli EL, Steele A, Beegle LW, Bhartia R, Conrad P, Uckert K, Sharma S, Ehlmann BL, Abbey WJ, Asher SA, Benison KC, Berger EL, Beyssac O, Bleefeld BL, Bosak T, Brown AJ, Burton AS, Bykov SV, Cloutis E, Fairén AG, DeFlores L, Farley KA, Fey DM, Fornaro T, Fox AC, Fries M, Hickman-Lewis K, Hug WF, Huggett JE, Imbeah S, Jakubek RS, Kah LC, Kelemen P, Kennedy MR, Kizovski T, Lee C, Liu Y, Mandon L, McCubbin FM, Moore KR, Nixon BE, Núñez JI, Rodriguez Sanchez-Vahamonde C, Roppel RD, Schulte M, Sephton MA, Sharma SK, Siljeström S, Shkolyar S, Shuster DL, Simon JI, Smith RJ, Stack KM, Steadman K, Weiss BP, Werynski A, Williams AJ, Wiens RC, Williford KH, Winchell K, Wogsland B, Yanchilina A, Yingling R, Zorzano MP. Aqueous alteration processes in Jezero crater, Mars-implications for organic geochemistry. Science 2022; 378:1105-1110. [PMID: 36417498 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, in February 2021. We used the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument to perform deep-ultraviolet Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy of three rocks within the crater. We identify evidence for two distinct ancient aqueous environments at different times. Reactions with liquid water formed carbonates in an olivine-rich igneous rock. A sulfate-perchlorate mixture is present in the rocks, which probably formed by later modifications of the rocks by brine. Fluorescence signatures consistent with aromatic organic compounds occur throughout these rocks and are preserved in minerals related to both aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L Scheller
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Razzell Hollis
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Emily L Cardarelli
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Steele
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luther W Beegle
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Pamela Conrad
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kyle Uckert
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sunanda Sharma
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bethany L Ehlmann
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - William J Abbey
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sanford A Asher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen C Benison
- Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Eve L Berger
- Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.,Jacobs Johnson Space Center Engineering, Technology and Science Contract, Houston, TX, USA.,NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olivier Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Tanja Bosak
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Sergei V Bykov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ed Cloutis
- Geography, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alberto G Fairén
- Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lauren DeFlores
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Farley
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Teresa Fornaro
- Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Marc Fries
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyron Hickman-Lewis
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Linda C Kah
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Kelemen
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | | | - Tanya Kizovski
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Carina Lee
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Mandon
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France
| | | | - Kelsey R Moore
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Jorge I Núñez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Ryan D Roppel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell Schulte
- Mars Exploration Program, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark A Sephton
- Earth Science and Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Shiv K Sharma
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Svetlana Shkolyar
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - David L Shuster
- Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca J Smith
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn M Stack
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kim Steadman
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Weiss
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy J Williams
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roger C Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.,Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth H Williford
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Brittan Wogsland
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Maria-Paz Zorzano
- Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Heck PR, Greer J, Boesenberg JS, Bouvier A, Caffee MW, Cassata WS, Corrigan C, Davis AM, Davis DW, Fries M, Hankey M, Jenniskens P, Schmitt‐Kopplin P, Sheu S, Trappitsch R, Velbel M, Weller B, Welten K, Yin Q, Sanborn ME, Ziegler K, Rowland D, Verosub KL, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Tang G, Li Q, Li X, Zajacz Z. The fall, recovery, classification, and initial characterization of the Hamburg, Michigan H4 chondrite. Meteorit Planet Sci 2020; 55:2341-2359. [PMID: 33510569 PMCID: PMC7820957 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hamburg meteorite fell on January 16, 2018, near Hamburg, Michigan, after a fireball event widely observed in the U.S. Midwest and in Ontario, Canada. Several fragments fell onto frozen surfaces of lakes and, thanks to weather radar data, were recovered days after the fall. The studied rock fragments show no or little signs of terrestrial weathering. Here, we present the initial results from an international consortium study to describe the fall, characterize the meteorite, and probe the collision history of Hamburg. About 1 kg of recovered meteorites was initially reported. Petrology, mineral chemistry, trace element and organic chemistry, and O and Cr isotopic compositions are characteristic of H4 chondrites. Cosmic ray exposure ages based on cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne, and 38Ar are ~12 Ma, and roughly agree with each other. Noble gas data as well as the cosmogenic 10Be concentration point to a small 40-60 cm diameter meteoroid. An 40Ar-39Ar age of 4532 ± 24 Ma indicates no major impact event occurring later in its evolutionary history, consistent with data of other H4 chondrites. Microanalyses of phosphates with LA-ICPMS give an average Pb-Pb age of 4549 ± 36 Ma. This is in good agreement with the average SIMS Pb-Pb phosphate age of 4535.3 ± 9.5 Ma and U-Pb Concordia age of 4535 ± 10 Ma. The weighted average age of 4541.6 ± 9.5 Ma reflects the metamorphic phosphate crystallization age after parent body formation in the early solar system.
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5
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Ziemann S, Coburn M, Rossaint R, Van Waesberghe J, Bürkle H, Fries M, Henrich M, Henzler D, Iber T, Karst J, Kunitz O, Löb R, Meißner W, Meybohm P, Mierke B, Pabst F, Schaelte G, Schiff J, Soehle M, Winterhalter M, Kowark A. Implementation of anesthesia quality indicators in Germany : A prospective, national, multicenter quality improvement study. Anaesthesist 2020; 70:38-47. [PMID: 32377798 PMCID: PMC8674175 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016 the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) and the Association of German Anesthetists (BDA) published 10 quality indicators (QI) to compare and improve the quality of anesthesia care in Germany. So far, there is no evidence for the feasibility of implementation of these QI in hospitals. OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that the implementation of the 10 QI is feasible in German hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective three-phase national multicenter quality improvement study was conducted in 15 German hospitals and 1 outpatient anesthesia center from March 2017 to February 2018. The trial consisted of an initial evaluation of pre-existing structures and processes by the heads of the participating anesthesia departments, followed by a 6-month implementation phase of the QI as well as a final re-evaluation phase. The implementation procedure was supported by web-based implementation aids ( www.qi-an.org ) and internal quality management programs. The primary endpoint was the difference in the number of implemented QI per center before and after implementation. Secondary endpoints were the number of newly implemented QI per center, the overall number of successful implementations of each QI, the identification of problems during the implementation as well as the kind of impediments preventing the QI implementation. RESULTS The average number of implemented QI increased from 5.8 to 6.8 (mean of the differences 1.1 ± 1.3; P < 0.01). Most frequently the QI perioperative morbidity and mortality report (5 centers) and the QI temperature management (4 centers) could be implemented. After the implementation phase, the QI incidence management and patient blood management were implemented in all 16 centers. Implementation of other quality indicators failed mainly due to a lack of time and lack of structural resources. CONCLUSION In this study the implementation of QI was proven to be mostly feasible in the participating German hospitals. Although several QI could be implemented with minor effort, more time, financial and structural resources would be required for some QI, such as the QI postoperative visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ziemann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - R Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Van Waesberghe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Bürkle
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Fries
- Department of Anaesthesiology, St. Vincenz Hospital Limburg, Limburg, Germany
| | - M Henrich
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, St.-Vincentius Hospital Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Henzler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Klinikum Herford, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herford, Germany
| | - T Iber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Klinikum Mittelbaden, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - J Karst
- Outpatient Anaesthesia Care Centre Karst, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Kunitz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Klinikum Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier, Germany
| | - R Löb
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, St. Barbara Hospital, Hamm, Germany
| | - W Meißner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - P Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Mierke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hospital St. Elisabeth, Damme, Germany
| | - F Pabst
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - G Schaelte
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Schiff
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Soehle
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Winterhalter
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Kowark
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Ziemann S, Coburn M, Rossaint R, Van Waesberghe J, Bürkle H, Fries M, Henrich M, Henzler D, Iber T, Karst J, Kunitz O, Löb R, Meißner W, Meybohm P, Mierke B, Pabst F, Schaelte G, Schiff J, Soehle M, Winterhalter M, Kowark A. [Implementation of anesthesia quality indicators in Germany : A prospective, national, multicenter quality improvement study]. Anaesthesist 2020; 69:544-554. [PMID: 32617630 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016 the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) and the Association of German Anesthetists (BDA) published 10 quality indicators (QI) to compare and improve the quality of anesthesia care in Germany. So far, there is no evidence for the feasibility of implementation of these QI in hospitals. OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that the implementation of the 10 QI is feasible in German hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective three-phase national multicenter quality improvement study was conducted in 15 German hospitals and 1 outpatient anesthesia center from March 2017 to February 2018. The trial consisted of an initial evaluation of pre-existing structures and processes by the heads of the participating anesthesia departments, followed by a 6-month implementation phase of the QI as well as a final re-evaluation phase. The implementation procedure was supported by web-based implementation aids ( www.qi-an.org ) and internal quality management programs. The primary endpoint was the difference in the number of implemented QI per center before and after implementation. Secondary endpoints were the number of newly implemented QI per center, the overall number of successful implementations of each QI, the identification of problems during the implementation as well as the kind of impediments preventing the QI implementation. RESULTS The average number of implemented QI increased from 5.8 to 6.8 (mean of the differences 1.1 ± 1.3; P < 0.01). Most frequently the QI perioperative morbidity and mortality report (5 centers) and the QI temperature management (4 centers) could be implemented. After the implementation phase, the QI incidence management and patient blood management were implemented in all 16 centers. Implementation of other quality indicators failed mainly due to a lack of time and lack of structural resources. CONCLUSION In this study the implementation of QI was proven to be mostly feasible in the participating German hospitals. Although several QI could be implemented with minor effort, more time, financial and structural resources would be required for some QI, such as the QI postoperative visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ziemann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - M Coburn
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
| | - R Rossaint
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - J Van Waesberghe
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - H Bürkle
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Fakultät für Medizin, Universitätsklinikum, Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - M Fries
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, St. Vincenz-Krankenhaus Limburg, Limburg, Deutschland
| | - M Henrich
- Klinik für Anästhesie, Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin, St.-Vincentius-Kliniken Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - D Henzler
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensiv‑, Rettungsmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum Herford, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Herford, Deutschland
| | - T Iber
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum Mittelbaden, Baden-Baden, Deutschland
| | - J Karst
- Ambulantes Anästhesie MVZ Karst, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - O Kunitz
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier, Deutschland
| | - R Löb
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, St. Barbara-Klinik, Hamm, Deutschland
| | - W Meißner
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland
| | - P Meybohm
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - B Mierke
- Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Krankenhaus St. Elisabeth, Damme, Deutschland
| | - F Pabst
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - G Schaelte
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - J Schiff
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - M Soehle
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - M Winterhalter
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Schmerztherapie, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - A Kowark
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
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7
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Klemenz S, Fries M, Dürrschnabel M, Skokov K, Kleebe HJ, Gutfleisch O, Albert B. Low-temperature synthesis of nanoscale ferromagnetic α'-MnB. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:131-135. [PMID: 31793576 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03842f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The search for tunable, size-dependent properties and unique processability has triggered the development of new synthetic routes for transition metal borides. MnB is a soft to semi-hard ferromagnetic material. This boride is now available by bottom-up, low-temperature solution chemistry. It is obtained as an unexpected metastable α'-variant that crystallises with a stacking-fault dominated CrB-type structure, as shown by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (space group Cmcm, a = 300.5(8), b = 768.6(2), and c = 295.3(4) pm). The nanostructured powder consists of agglomerates of small particles (mean diameter of 85(41) nm) and transforms into well-known β-MnB with FeB-type structure at 1523 K. The room temperature ferromagnetic behavior (TC = 545 K) is attributed to the positive exchange-correlation between the manganese atoms, that have many unpaired d electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klemenz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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8
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Goodrich CA, Zolensky ME, Fioretti AM, Shaddad MH, Downes H, Hiroi T, Kohl I, Young ED, Kita NT, Hamilton VE, Riebe MEI, Busemann H, Macke RJ, Fries M, Ross DK, Jenniskens P. The First Samples from Almahata Sitta Showing Contacts Between Ureilitic and Chondritic Lithologies: Implications for the Structure and Composition of Asteroid 2008 TC 3. Meteorit Planet Sci 2019; 54:2769-2813. [PMID: 33716489 PMCID: PMC7954227 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Almahata Sitta (AhS), an anomalous polymict ureilite, is the first meteorite observed to originate from a spectrally classified asteroid (2008 TC3). However, correlating properties of the meteorite with those of the asteroid is not straightforward because the AhS stones are diverse types. Of those studied prior to this work, 70-80% are ureilites (achondrites) and 20-30% are various types of chondrites. Asteroid 2008 TC3 was a heterogeneous breccia that disintegrated in the atmosphere, with its clasts landing on Earth as individual stones and most of its mass lost. We describe AhS 91A and AhS 671, which are the first AhS stones to show contacts between ureilitic and chondritic materials and provide direct information about the structure and composition of asteroid 2008 TC3. AhS 91A and AhS 671 are friable breccias, consisting of a C1 lithology that encloses rounded to angular clasts (<10 μm to 3 mm) of olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, graphite, and metal-sulfide, as well as chondrules (~130-600 μm) and chondrule fragments. The C1 material consists of fine-grained phyllosilicates (serpentine and saponite) and amorphous material, magnetite, breunnerite, dolomite, fayalitic olivine (Fo 28-42), an unidentified Ca-rich silicate phase, Fe,Ni sulfides, and minor Ca-phosphate and ilmenite. It has similarities to CI1 but shows evidence of heterogeneous thermal metamorphism. Its bulk oxygen isotope composition (δ18O = 13.53‰, δ17O = 8.93‰) is unlike that of any known chondrite, but similar to compositions of several CC-like clasts in typical polymict ureilites. Its Cr isotope composition is unlike that of any known meteorite. The enclosed clasts and chondrules do not belong to the C1 lithology. The olivine (Fo 75-88), pyroxenes (pigeonite of Wo ~10 and orthopyroxene of Wo ~4.6), plagioclase, graphite, and some metal-sulfide are ureilitic, based on mineral compositions, textures, and oxygen isotope compositions, and represent at least six distinct ureilitic lithologies. The chondrules are probably derived from type 3 OC and/or CC, based on mineral and oxygen isotope compositions. Some of the metal-sulfide clasts are derived from EC. AhS 91A and AhS 671 are plausible representatives of the bulk of the asteroid that was lost. Reflectance spectra of AhS 91A are dark (reflectance ~0.04-0.05) and relatively featureless in VNIR, and have an ~2.7 μm absorption band due to OH- in phyllosilicates. Spectral modeling, using mixtures of laboratory VNIR reflectance spectra of AhS stones to fit the F-type spectrum of the asteroid, suggests that 2008 TC3 consisted mainly of ureilitic and AhS 91A-like materials, with as much as 40-70% of the latter, and <10% of OC, EC and other meteorite types. The bulk density of AhS 91A (2.35 ± 0.05 g/cm3) is lower than bulk densities of other AhS stones, and closer to estimates for the asteroid (~1.7-2.2 g/cm3). Its porosity (36%) is near the low end of estimates for the asteroid (33-50%), suggesting significant macroporosity. The textures of AhS 91A and AhS 671 (finely comminuted clasts of disparate materials intimately mixed) support formation of 2008 TC3 in a regolith environment. AhS 91A and AhS 671 could represent a volume of regolith formed when a CC-like body impacted into already well-gardened ureilitic + impactor-derived debris. AhS 91A bulk samples do not show a solar wind (SW) component, so they represent sub-surface layers. AhS 91A has a lower cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age (~5-9 Ma) than previously studied AhS stones (11-22 Ma). The spread in CRE ages argues for irradiation in a regolith environment. AhS 91A and AhS 671 show that ureilitic asteroids could have detectable ~2.7 μm absorption bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrena Anne Goodrich
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Michael E Zolensky
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA-Johnson Space Center Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | | | - Muawia H Shaddad
- Physics Department, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115 Sudan
| | - Hilary Downes
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - Takahiro Hiroi
- Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Issaku Kohl
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Edward D Young
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Noriko T Kita
- Wisc-SIMS Laboratory, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Victoria E Hamilton
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder Colorado 80302 USA
| | - My E I Riebe
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henner Busemann
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Fries
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA-Johnson Space Center Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - D Kent Ross
- Jacobs-JETS, University of Texas at El Paso, at NASA-JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA
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9
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Kebukawa Y, Ito M, Zolensky ME, Greenwood RC, Rahman Z, Suga H, Nakato A, Chan QHS, Fries M, Takeichi Y, Takahashi Y, Mase K, Kobayashi K. A novel organic-rich meteoritic clast from the outer solar system. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3169. [PMID: 30816187 PMCID: PMC6395772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zag meteorite which is a thermally-metamorphosed H ordinary chondrite contains a primitive xenolithic clast that was accreted to the parent asteroid after metamorphism. The cm-sized clast contains abundant large organic grains or aggregates up to 20 μm in phyllosilicate-rich matrix. Here we report organic and isotope analyses of a large (~10 μm) OM aggregate in the Zag clast. The X-ray micro-spectroscopic technique revealed that the OM aggregate has sp2 dominated hydrocarbon networks with a lower abundance of heteroatoms than in IOM from primitive (CI,CM,CR) carbonaceous chondrites, and thus it is distinguished from most of the OM in carbonaceous meteorites. The OM aggregate has high D/H and 15N/14N ratios (δD = 2,370 ± 74‰ and δ15N = 696 ± 100‰), suggesting that it originated in a very cold environment such as the interstellar medium or outer region of the solar nebula, while the OM is embedded in carbonate-bearing matrix resulting from aqueous activities. Thus, the high D/H ratio must have been preserved during the extensive late-stage aqueous processing. It indicates that both the OM precursors and the water had high D/H ratios. Combined with 16O-poor nature of the clast, the OM aggregate and the clast are unique among known chondrite groups. We further propose that the clast possibly originated from D/P type asteroids or trans-Neptunian Objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kebukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Motoo Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Michael E Zolensky
- ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Richard C Greenwood
- Planetary and Space Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Zia Rahman
- Jacobs, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Hiroki Suga
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, 252-5210, Japan
| | - Queenie H S Chan
- ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.,Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Marc Fries
- ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Yasuo Takeichi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kensei Kobayashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
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Ficker JH, Chapman KR, Turner A, Sandhaus RA, Vit O, Fries M, McElvaney NG, Wencker M. Behandlung mit Alpha-1 Antitrypsin verlangsamt die Emphysemprogession unabhängig von der Ausgangs-FEV1. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JH Ficker
- Pneumologie, Medizinische Klinik 3, Klinikum Nürnberg; Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität
| | - KR Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - A Turner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
| | - RA Sandhaus
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - O Vit
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Behring, Bern
| | - M Fries
- Clinical Strategy and Development, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, USA
| | - NG McElvaney
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
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11
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Greulich T, Wencker M, Chlumsky J, Vit O, Fries M, Chung T, Chapman KR, McElvaney NG, Vogelmeier C. Verträglichkeit von zwei-wöchentlichen Infusionen mit Alpha-1 Antitrypsin. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Greulich
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg
| | | | - J Chlumsky
- Thomayer Hospital, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Prag
| | - O Vit
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Behring, Bern
| | - M Fries
- Clinical Strategy and Development, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, USA
| | - T Chung
- Statistics Department, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, USA
| | - KR Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - NG McElvaney
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
| | - C Vogelmeier
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg
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12
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Chan QHS, Zolensky ME, Kebukawa Y, Fries M, Ito M, Steele A, Rahman Z, Nakato A, Kilcoyne ALD, Suga H, Takahashi Y, Takeichi Y, Mase K. Organic matter in extraterrestrial water-bearing salt crystals. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaao3521. [PMID: 29349297 PMCID: PMC5770164 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Direct evidence of complex prebiotic chemistry from a water-rich world in the outer solar system is provided by the 4.5-billion-year-old halite crystals hosted in the Zag and Monahans (1998) meteorites. This study offers the first comprehensive organic analysis of the soluble and insoluble organic compounds found in the millimeter-sized halite crystals containing brine inclusions and sheds light on the nature and activity of aqueous fluids on a primitive parent body. Associated with these trapped brines are organic compounds exhibiting wide chemical variations representing organic precursors, intermediates, and reaction products that make up life's precursor molecules such as amino acids. The organic compounds also contain a mixture of C-, O-, and N-bearing macromolecular carbon materials exhibiting a wide range of structural order, as well as aromatic, ketone, imine, and/or imidazole compounds. The enrichment in 15N is comparable to the organic matter in pristine Renazzo-type carbonaceous chondrites, which reflects the sources of interstellar 15N, such as ammonia and amino acids. The amino acid content of the Zag halite deviates from the meteorite matrix, supporting an exogenic origin of the halite, and therefore, the Zag meteorite contains organics synthesized on two distinct parent bodies. Our study suggests that the asteroidal parent body where the halite precipitated, potentially asteroid 1 Ceres, shows evidence for a complex combination of biologically and prebiologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie H. S. Chan
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Michael E. Zolensky
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Yoko Kebukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Marc Fries
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Motoo Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Andrew Steele
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Zia Rahman
- Jacobs, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Aiko Nakato
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A. L. David Kilcoyne
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hiroki Suga
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeichi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
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13
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Hankey M, Fries M, Matson R, Fries J. Automated Detection of Meteorite Strewnfields in Doppler Weather Radar. Planet Space Sci 2017; 143:199-202. [PMID: 33204042 PMCID: PMC7668306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For several years meteorite recovery in the United States has been greatly enhanced by using Doppler weather radar images to determine possible fall zones for meteorites produced by witnessed fireballs. While most fireball events leave no record on the Doppler radar, some large fireballs do. Based on the successful recovery of 10 meteorite falls 'under the radar', and the discovery of radar on more than 10 historic falls, it is believed that meteoritic dust and or actual meteorites falling to the ground have been recorded on Doppler weather radar1. Up until this point, the process of detecting the radar signatures associated with meteorite falls has been a manual one and dependent on prior accurate knowledge of the fall time and estimated ground track. This manual detection process is labor intensive and can take several hours per event. Recent technological developments by NOAA now help enable the automation of these tasks. This in combination with advancements by the American Meteor Society2 in the tracking and plotting of witnessed fireballs has opened the possibility for automatic detection of meteorites in NEXRAD Radar Archives. Here in the processes for fireball triangulation, search area determination, radar interfacing, data extraction, storage, search, detection and plotting are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Fries
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX
| | | | - Jeff Fries
- USAF Weather Agency, 1st Weather Group, Offutt AFB, NE
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Zolensky ME, Bodnar RJ, Yurimoto H, Itoh S, Fries M, Steele A, Chan QHS, Tsuchiyama A, Kebukawa Y, Ito M. The search for and analysis of direct samples of early Solar System aqueous fluids. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 375:rsta.2015.0386. [PMID: 28416725 PMCID: PMC5394253 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe the current state of the search for direct, surviving samples of early, inner Solar System fluids-fluid inclusions in meteorites. Meteoritic aqueous fluid inclusions are not rare, but they are very tiny and their characterization is at the state of the art for most analytical techniques. Meteoritic fluid inclusions offer us a unique opportunity to study early Solar System brines in the laboratory. Inclusion-by-inclusion analyses of the trapped fluids in carefully selected samples will, in the immediate future, provide us detailed information on the evolution of fluids as they interacted with anhydrous solid materials. Thus, real data can replace calculated fluid compositions in thermochemical calculations of the evolution of water and aqueous reactions in comets, asteroids, moons and the terrestrial planets.This article is part of the themed issue 'The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Bodnar
- Fluids Research Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hisayoshi Yurimoto
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan and ISAS, JAXA, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - Shoichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Marc Fries
- ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Andrew Steele
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | | | - Akira Tsuchiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoko Kebukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Motoo Ito
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, JAMSTEC, B200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
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15
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Eckhard S, Fries M, Antonyuk S, Heinrich S. Dependencies between internal structure and mechanical properties of spray dried granules – Experimental study and DEM simulation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Thirty cases of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis have been reported in the literature. A radiologic evaluation of thirty-one additional cases, 25 of whom also underwent bone scintigraphy, is presented. Bone biopsy specimens were obtained in 16 patients. Most lesions were located in the metaphyses of the long bones adjacent to the physis and had a characteristic, probably pathognomonic appearance. Extension into the epiphyses was rare. Lesions in the vertebral bodies, clavicle and pelvis had possibly a less specific radiographic appearance. Lesions in short tubular bones were non-specific. Bone scintigraphy had a pratical value in evaluating the global distribution of lesions including asymptomatic lesions and lesions in the spine or pelvis, the latter being somewhat hard to detect with conventional radiography. All biopsies showed acute, subacute or chronic unspecific osteomyelitis, sometimes mixed in the same lesion. Staining for bacteria and fungi was negative.
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17
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Gutfleisch O, Gottschall T, Fries M, Benke D, Radulov I, Skokov KP, Wende H, Gruner M, Acet M, Entel P, Farle M. Mastering hysteresis in magnetocaloric materials. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:20150308. [PMID: 27402928 PMCID: PMC4938067 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hysteresis is more than just an interesting oddity that occurs in materials with a first-order transition. It is a real obstacle on the path from existing laboratory-scale prototypes of magnetic refrigerators towards commercialization of this potentially disruptive cooling technology. Indeed, the reversibility of the magnetocaloric effect, being essential for magnetic heat pumps, strongly depends on the width of the thermal hysteresis and, therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms causing hysteresis and to find solutions to minimize losses associated with thermal hysteresis in order to maximize the efficiency of magnetic cooling devices. In this work, we discuss the fundamental aspects that can contribute to thermal hysteresis and the strategies that we are developing to at least partially overcome the hysteresis problem in some selected classes of magnetocaloric materials with large application potential. In doing so, we refer to the most relevant classes of magnetic refrigerants La-Fe-Si-, Heusler- and Fe2P-type compounds.This article is part of the themed issue 'Taking the temperature of phase transitions in cool materials'.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gutfleisch
- Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Gottschall
- Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Fries
- Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Benke
- Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Radulov
- Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K P Skokov
- Materialwissenschaft, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Wende
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Geibelstraße 41, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Gruner
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Geibelstraße 41, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Acet
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Geibelstraße 41, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - P Entel
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Geibelstraße 41, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Farle
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Geibelstraße 41, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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Fries M, Montavon S, Spadavecchia C, Levionnois OL. Evaluation of a wireless activity monitoring system to quantify locomotor activity in horses in experimental settings. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:225-231. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fries
- Division of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Switzerland
| | | | - C. Spadavecchia
- Division of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Switzerland
| | - O. L. Levionnois
- Division of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Switzerland
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Simon TP, Thiele C, Schuerholz T, Fries M, Stadermann F, Haase G, Amann KU, Marx G. Molecular weight and molar substitution are more important in HES-induced renal impairment than concentration after hemorrhagic and septic shock. Minerva Anestesiol 2015; 81:608-618. [PMID: 25296880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies have raised concerns about the safety of 6% hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.42, but the pathomechanisms of this renal impairment remain unknown. To evaluate the effects of different HES concentrations, molar substitutions and molecular weights in HES-induced renal impairment, we used a porcine two-hit model that combined haemorrhagic and septic shock. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomised, double-blinded, controlled study in a university animal laboratory. Thirty anaesthetised and ventilated pigs were randomised to receive volume replacement therapy using 6% HES130/0.42, 6% HES200/0.5, 10% HES130/0.42 or 10% HES200/0.5, all dissolved in 0.9% NaCl rather than 0.9% NaCl alone. First, we bled the animals until they reached half of their baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) for 45 minutes followed by fluid resuscitation. As a second hit, sepsis was induced using an Escherichia coli-laden clot 6 hours after haemorrhagic shock. Volume resuscitation started with a delay of two hours and a central venous pressure goal of 12 mmHg. RESULTS At the end of the study, the groups showed no difference in cardiac output or MAP, but the volume balance (mL/kg BW) was significantly higher in the 0.9% NaCl group (346±90; P≤0.05) than in the other groups (6% HES130, 125±26; 6% HES200, 105±15; 10% HES130, 114±17; 10% HES200, 96±23). Creatinine clearance (mL/min) was significantly lower in the 6% HES200 (26±33) and 10% HES200 (15±18) groups compared to the 0.9% NaCl group (104±46; P≤0.05) but not in the HES 130 formulations (6% HES130: 64±51; 10% HES130: 58±38) at the end of the study. CONCLUSION In this porcine two-hit shock model, treatment with 0.9% NaCl, HES 130/0.42 or HES 200/0.5 led to a similar maintenance of haemodynamic values. Despite this similar maintenance of the haemodynamic values, volume replacement with 6% and 10% HES 200/0.5 led to an accumulation of HES, higher colloid osmotic pressure and significantly reduced renal function after haemorrhagic and septic shock. These facts support the presumption that not the concentration but the degree of substitution and the molecular weight play a decisive role in HES-induced renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Simon
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany -
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Brücken A, Fries M. Kommentar zu: Kühlung und Temperaturmanagement nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Notf Rett Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-014-1851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Larsson M, Rayzman V, Nolte MW, Nickel KF, Bjorkqvist J, Jamsa A, Hardy MP, Fries M, Schmidbauer S, Hedenqvist P, Broome M, Pragst I, Dickneite G, Wilson MJ, Nash AD, Panousis C, Renne T. A Factor XIIa Inhibitory Antibody Provides Thromboprotection in Extracorporeal Circulation Without Increasing Bleeding Risk. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:222ra17. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Brücken A, Cizen A, Fera C, Meinhardt A, Weis J, Nolte K, Rossaint R, Pufe T, Marx G, Fries M. Argon reduces neurohistopathological damage and preserves functional recovery after cardiac arrest in rats. Br J Anaesth 2013; 110 Suppl 1:i106-12. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Steele A, McCubbin FM, Fries M, Kater L, Boctor NZ, Fogel ML, Conrad PG, Glamoclija M, Spencer M, Morrow AL, Hammond MR, Zare RN, Vicenzi EP, Siljestrom S, Bowden R, Herd CDK, Mysen BO, Shirey SB, Amundsen HEF, Treiman AH, Bullock ES, Jull AJT. A Reduced Organic Carbon Component in Martian Basalts. Science 2012; 337:212-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1220715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Genant HK, Lewiecki EM, Fuerst T, Fries M. Effect of monthly ibandronate on hip structural geometry in men with low bone density. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:257-65. [PMID: 21811866 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hip structural analysis (HSA) performed in a subset of participants from the STudy Researching Osteoporosis iN Guys (STRONG) demonstrated that 1 year of ibandronate treatment was associated with a significant improvement in some but not all parameters of hip geometry relative to placebo in men with low bone density. INTRODUCTION HSA was performed on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images in a subset of participants from the STRONG to examine the impact of monthly ibandronate on geometric properties of the hip in men with low bone density. METHODS This prespecified subgroup analysis evaluated men in the intent-to-treat population of STRONG with baseline and 12-month DXA data. Cross-sectional geometric parameters of the femoral shaft (FS), intertrochanter region (IT), and narrow neck (NN) were calculated from femoral DXA scans. All analyses were exploratory. Treatment differences were evaluated using analysis of covariance, which adjusted for baseline parameter value, testosterone level, and treatment. RESULTS HSA was performed on DXA scans from 89 men (34 placebo; 55 monthly ibandronate). Significant increases in average cortical thickness and cross-sectional area and decreases (i.e., improvements) in the buckling ratio were observed at the FS and IT at 12 months for ibandronate-treated men compared with placebo-treated men. No significant differences were observed between ibandronate and placebo for any NN HSA parameters. CONCLUSIONS One year of ibandronate treatment was associated with a significant improvement in some but not all parameters of hip geometry relative to placebo in men with low bone density, suggesting that ibandronate may improve resistance to axial compressive forces and bending forces at the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Genant
- Radiology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1250, USA.
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Fries M, Peter K. Nachruf auf Max Harry Weil. Anaesthesist 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00101-011-1960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bickenbach J, Fries M, Offermanns V, Von Stillfried R, Rossaint R, Marx G, Dembinski R. Impact of early vs. late tracheostomy on weaning: a retrospective analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77:1176-1183. [PMID: 21617598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early tracheostomy has been advocated for a number of reasons. Especially in association with weaning from mechanical ventilation, it is known that an early timepoint can help patients being weaned more rapidly from the ventilator. However, timing of tracheostomy is still unknown and evidence is lacking. The effects of early tracheostomy compared with intermediate and late tracheostomy were assessed in critically ill patients. METHODS Data collected from January 2005 to December 2007 were conducted for retrospective analysis. All patients needing tracheostomy due to extubation failure and/or weaning failure were included (N.=296). Early tracheostomy (ET) was defined as ≤4 days, intermediate tracheostomy (IT) as tracheostomy within 5-9 days, and late tracheostomy (LT) was defined as ≥10 days after endotracheal intubation. After proving normal distribution, significant changes between the three groups were tested by ANOVA followed by post hoc tests for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni's test). RESULTS Intensive care unit (ICU) mortality was significantly higher in the LT group when being compared with the ET but not when being compared with the IT group (40.7% vs. 24.8% vs. 17.1%). Further, a significantly reduced incidence of VAP and sepsis, a smaller amount of ventilator days and a shorter ICU length of stay could be observed for the ET group. Length of weaning was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION The length of weaning after tracheostomy is not affected by the timing. It seems beneficial to favour early tracheostomy in order to reduce the time of mechanical ventilation and its associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bickenbach
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Wenzel V, Russo SG, Arntz HR, Bahr J, Baubin MA, Böttiger BW, Dirks B, Kreimeier U, Fries M, Eich C. [Comments on the 2010 guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the European Resuscitation Council]. Anaesthesist 2011; 59:1105-23. [PMID: 21125214 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-010-1820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ADULTS Administer chest compressions (minimum 100/min, minimum 5 cm depth) at a ratio of 30:2 with ventilation (tidal volume 500-600 ml, inspiration time 1 s, F(I)O₂ if possible 1.0). Avoid any interruptions in chest compressions. After every single defibrillation attempt (initially biphasic 120-200 J, monophasic 360 J, subsequently with the respective highest energy), chest compressions are initiated again immediately for 2 min independent of the ECG rhythm. Tracheal intubation is the optimal method for securing the airway during resuscitation but should be performed only by experienced airway management providers. Laryngoscopy is performed during ongoing chest compressions; interruption of chest compressions for a maximum of 10 s to pass the tube through the vocal cords. Supraglottic airway devices are alternatives to tracheal intubation. Drug administration routes for adults and children: first choice i.v., second choice intraosseous (i.o.). Vasopressors: 1 mg epinephrine every 3-5 min i.v. After the third unsuccessful defibrillation amiodarone (300 mg i.v.), repetition (150 mg) possible. Sodium bicarbonate (50 ml 8.4%) only for excessive hyperkaliemia, metabolic acidosis, or intoxication with tricyclic antidepressants. Consider aminophylline (5 mg/kgBW). Thrombolysis during spontaneous circulation only for myocardial infarction or massive pulmonary embolism; during on-going cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) only when indications of massive pulmonary embolism. Active compression-decompression (ACD-CPR) and inspiratory threshold valve (ITV-CPR) are not superior to good standard CPR. CHILDREN Most effective improvement of outcome by prevention of full cardiorespiratory arrest. Basic life support: initially five rescue breaths, followed by chest compressions (100-120/min depth about one third of chest diameter), compression-ventilation ratio 15:2. Foreign body airway obstruction with insufficient cough: alternate back blows and chest compressions (infants), or abdominal compressions (children >1 year). Treatment of potentially reversible causes: ("4 Hs and 4 Ts") hypoxia and hypovolaemia, hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia, hypothermia, and tension pneumothorax, tamponade, toxic/therapeutic disturbances, thrombosis (coronary/pulmonary). Advanced life support: adrenaline (epinephrine) 10 µg/kgBW i.v. or i.o. every 3-5 min. Defibrillation (4 J/kgBW; monophasic or biphasic) followed by 2 min CPR, then ECG and pulse check. NEWBORNS: Initially inflate the lungs with bag-valve mask ventilation (p(AW) 20-40 cmH₂O). If heart rate remains <60/min, start chest compressions (120 chest compressions/min) and ventilation with a ratio 3:1. Maintain normothermia in preterm babies by covering them with foodgrade plastic wrap or similar. POSTRESUSCITATION PHASE: Early protocol-based intensive care stabilization; initiate mild hypothermia early regardless of initial cardiac rhythm [32-34°C for 12-24 h (adults) or 24 h (children); slow rewarming (<0.5°C/h)]. Consider percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with presumed cardiac ischemia. Prediction of CPR outcome is not possible at the scene, determine neurological outcome <72 h after cardiac arrest with somatosensory evoked potentials, biochemical tests and neurological examination. ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: Even if only a weak suspicion of an acute coronary syndrome is present, record a prehospital 12-lead ECG. In parallel to pain therapy, administer aspirin (160-325 mg p.o. or i.v.) and clopidogrel (75-600 mg depending on strategy); in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and planned PCI also prasugrel (60 mg p.o.). Antithrombins, such as heparin (60 IU/kgBW, max. 4000 IU), enoxaparin, bivalirudin or fondaparinux depending on the diagnosis (STEMI or non-STEMI-ACS) and the planned therapeutic strategy. In STEMI define reperfusion strategy depending on duration of symptoms until PCI, age and location of infarction. TRAUMA: In severe hemorrhagic shock, definitive control of bleeding is the most important goal. For successful CPR of trauma patients a minimal intravascular volume status and management of hypoxia are essential. Aggressive fluid resuscitation, hyperventilation and excessive ventilation pressure may impair outcome in patients with severe hemorrhagic shock. TRAINING Any CPR training is better than nothing; simplification of contents and processes is the main aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Wenzel
- Univ.-Klinik für Anaesthesie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
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Bickenbach J, Fries M, Rex S, Stitz C, Heussen N, Rossaint R, Marx G, Dembinski R. Outcome and mortality risk factors in long-term treated ICU patients: a retrospective analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2011; 77:427-438. [PMID: 21483387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the prognosis and outcome of critically ill patients with a prolonged length of stay (LOS). The aim of this study was to examine mortality and its risk factors in patients requiring intensive care therapy for more than 30 days. METHODS A retrospective, single-center analysis of data collected in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Germany from 2005 to 2007 was conducted. All demographic data and clinical variables were collected. A univariate analysis followed by multivariate regression was performed to detect the relevant risk factors for short and long-term mortality. RESULTS Altogether, 10 737 patients were admitted to the ICU; 136 patients fulfilled the criteria for long-term treatment, 75% (N=102) of whom were discharged from ICU. The one-year survival rate was 61.8% (N=60). The most significant risk factors were pulmonary compromise with prolonged mechanical ventilation and infectious disorders leading to sepsis. However, sepsis was not a predictor of outcome. Weaning failure was present in 67.6% (N=92) at day 30 but was reduced to 37.5% of the cases (N=51) over the total course of the stay. Acute and long-term prognoses were determined by a successful weaning. CONCLUSION Although the long-term treatment of critically ill patients requires significant effort, the outcome for this particular cohort was reasonably favorable. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and weaning are the factors that influence mortality independently of sepsis. Because reasonable improvements can be shown even after a prolonged LOS, further attention should be paid to weaning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bickenbach
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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Metzelder S, Coburn M, Fries M, Reinges M, Reich S, Rossaint R, Marx G, Rex S. Performance of cardiac output measurement derived from arterial pressure waveform analysis in patients requiring high-dose vasopressor therapy. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:776-84. [PMID: 21441548 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial pressure waveform analysis of cardiac output (APCO) without external calibration (FloTrac/Vigileo™) is critically dependent upon computation of vascular tone that has necessitated several refinements of the underlying software algorithms. We hypothesized that changes in vascular tone induced by high-dose vasopressor therapy affect the accuracy of APCO measurements independently of the FloTrac software version. METHODS In this prospective observational study, we assessed the validity of uncalibrated APCO measurements compared with transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output (TPCO) measurements in 24 patients undergoing vasopressor therapy for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. RESULTS Patients received vasoactive support with [mean (sd)] 0.53 (0.46) µg kg(-1) min(-1) norepinephrine resulting in mean arterial pressure of 104 (14) mm Hg and mean systemic vascular resistance of 943 (248) dyn s(-1) cm(-5). Cardiac output (CO) data pairs (158) were obtained simultaneously by APCO and TPCO measurements. TPCO ranged from 5.2 to 14.3 litre min(-1), and APCO from 4.1 to 13.7 litre min(-1). Bias and limits of agreement were 0.9 and 2.5 litre min(-1), resulting in an overall percentage error of 29.6% for 68 data pairs analysed with the second-generation FloTrac(®) software and 27.9% for 90 data pairs analysed with the third-generation software. Precision of the reference technique was 2.6%, while APCO measurements yielded a precision of 29.5% and 27.9% for the second- and the third-generation software, respectively. For both software versions, bias (TPCO-APCO) correlated inversely with systemic vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS In neurosurgical patients requiring high-dose vasopressor support, precision of uncalibrated CO measurements depended on systemic vascular resistance. Introduction of the third software algorithm did not improve the insufficient precision (>20%) for APCO measurements observed with the second software version.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Metzelder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Brücken A, Coburn M, Rex S, Rossaint R, Fries M. [Current developments in xenon research. Importance for anesthesia and intensive care medicine]. Anaesthesist 2011; 59:883-95. [PMID: 20811728 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-010-1787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The noble gas xenon exerts favorable anesthetic properties along with remarkable hemodynamic stability in healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. It represents the nearly ideal anesthetic and provides safe and well controllable anesthesia although the exact mechanism by which xenon produces anesthesia remains to be elucidated. In addition xenon offers organ protective properties for vital organs including the brain, heart and kidneys which seem to be synergistic when used in combination with therapeutic hypothermia. As the high cost of xenon will probably preclude its wider use as a routine anesthetic, data from extensive tests in large numbers of high risk patients is needed to confirm its possible superiority in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brücken
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen.
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Beckers SK, Fries M. Therapeutic mild hypothermia in cardiac arrest: a history of success? Minerva Anestesiol 2010; 76:778-779. [PMID: 20935612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Steele
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road N.W., Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - F. M. McCubbin
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road N.W., Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - M. Fries
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M. Glamoclija
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road N.W., Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - L. Kater
- Witec GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Straße 6, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - H. Nekvasil
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794–2100, USA
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Rörtgen D, Kloos J, Fries M, Grottke O, Rex S, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Comparison of early cognitive function and recovery after desflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia in the elderly: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104:167-74. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Metzelder SM, Kopp R, Fries M, Reinges M, Reich S, Rossaint R, Marx G, Rex S. Performance of cardiac output measurement derived from arterial pressure waveform analysis in patients undergoing triple-H-therapy of cerebral vasospasms after subarachnoidal hemorrhage. Crit Care 2010. [PMCID: PMC2934057 DOI: 10.1186/cc8335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Derwall M, Coburn M, Rex S, Hein M, Rossaint R, Fries M. Xenon: recent developments and future perspectives. Minerva Anestesiol 2009; 75:37-45. [PMID: 18475253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The noble gas xenon exerts favorable anesthetic properties along with remarkable hemodynamic stability in healthy patients undergoing elective surgery. Recent investigations documented that it does not prolong the duration of widely used neuromuscular blocking agents, including mivacurium and rocuronium. Some studies also suggest reduced neurocognitive compromise in the very early phase after general anesthesia. These properties differ from those observed for conventional inhalational anesthetics like isoflurane, desflurane and sevoflurane. However, a wider use of xenon in daily clinical routine has been limited owing to its higher price and technical restraints regarding economic delivery. Although there are controversial opinions, xenon seems to exert its main anesthetic features via the glutamate receptor. Recently, a novel binding cavity on the NMDA-subtype glutamate receptor has been elucidated that is occupied by xenon as well as isoflurane. Studies utilizing advanced imaging technologies have furthermore revealed that xenon markedly suppresses cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in distinct regions of the human brain. These investigations promise to further the understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in general. Results from in vitro studies and various animal models have consistently demonstrated organoprotective properties of xenon, mainly in settings of ischemia and reperfusion injury. Interestingly, these effects have frequently been observed at subanesthetic concentrations and seem to be synergistic when used in combination with therapeutic hypothermia. Future studies will have to prove whether the high costs of xenon administration might be outweighed by its ability to substantially reduce the sequelae of myocardial and cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Derwall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
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Coburn M, Baumert JH, Zühlsdorff A, Hein M, Fries M, Rossaint R. A comparison of waste gas concentrations during xenon or nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25:748-751. [PMID: 18405409 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021508004109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare waste gas concentrations during xenon or nitrous oxide anaesthesia. METHODS A total of 64 patients were included in this study. Gas concentrations were measured with a mass spectrometer during anaesthesia. The probes were taken beside the patient's head and thorax and at a height of 180 cm above and at the floor level. RESULTS In both groups, waste gas concentrations peak after intubation and extubation. Waste gas levels during xenon anaesthesia are low compared with nitrous oxide. CONCLUSIONS The low waste gas levels of xenon seem to be beneficial compared to nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coburn
- University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Coburn M, Kunitz O, Apfel C, Hein M, Fries M, Rossaint R. Incidence of postoperative nausea and emetic episodes after xenon anaesthesia compared with propofol-based anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:787-91. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rex S, Meyer P, Baumert JH, Rossaint R, Fries M, Büll U, Schaefer W. Positron emission tomography study of regional cerebral blood flow and flow–metabolism coupling during general anaesthesia with xenon in humans † †Declaration of Interest. The Department of Anaesthesiology has received funding from Messer-Griesheim GmbH, Business Unit Messer Medical, Krefeld, Germany. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:667-75. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Graphite whiskers (GWs), an allotrope of carbon that has been proposed to occur in space, have been discovered in three CV-type carbonaceous chondrites via Raman imaging and electron microscopy. The GWs are associated with high-temperature calcium-aluminum inclusion (CAI) rims and interiors, with the rim of a dark inclusion, and within an inclusion inside an unusual chondrule that bears mineralogy and texture indicative of high-temperature processing. Current understanding of CAI formation places their condensation, and that of associated GWs, relatively close to the Sun and early in the condensation sequence of protoplanetary disk materials. If this is the case, then it is a possibility that GWs are expelled from any young solar system early in its history, thus populating interstellar space with diffuse GWs. Graphite whiskers have been postulated to play a role in the near-infrared (near-IR) dimming of type Ia supernovae, as well as in the thermalization of both the cosmic IR and microwave background and in galactic center dimming between 3 and 9 micrometers. Our observations, along with the further possibility that GWs could be manufactured during supernovae, suggest that GWs may have substantial effects in observational astronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fries
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road N.W., Washington, DC 20015, USA.
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Beckers SK, Sopka S, Fries M, Skorning MH, Kuhlen R, Rossaint R. [Anaesthesiology as a compulsory subject in the new German medical school curriculum. Evaluation of a curricular model at the University Hospital Aachen]. Anaesthesist 2007; 56:571-80. [PMID: 17435977 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-007-1175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since October 2003 new regulations for qualifications to practice medicine in Germany now require compulsory courses in anaesthesiology. Therefore, existing curricular activities had to be changed from facultative courses for a small number of interested students to compulsory activities for all students. METHODS Previous data of the department of anaesthesiology at the University Hospital Aachen (Germany) were collected and taken into consideration for the development of a new curriculum: The result was a course consisting of a tutorial with integrated "basic skill training", practical training in the operating theatre and a simulation-based session, in addition to two series of lectures. An evaluation by the students was carried out using EvaLuna as a tool for web-based on-line evaluation and faculty members had to fill out a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS The different parts of the curriculum received the highest scores of all courses in the undergraduate medical school curriculum. Best results were achieved by the anaesthesia-simulation session followed by the tutorial and the practical training. CONCLUSION The feedback of faculty members as well as the results of students' evaluation approved the developed concept of integrating anaesthesia-relevant issues into the formal medical school curriculum. Nevertheless, the on-line evaluation system EvaLuna provided additional suggestions for future improvements in the newly created curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Beckers
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Rheinisch-westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen.
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Coburn M, Baumert JH, Roertgen D, Thiel V, Fries M, Hein M, Kunitz O, Fimm B, Rossaint R. Emergence and early cognitive function in the elderly after xenon or desflurane anaesthesia: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial †. Br J Anaesth 2007; 98:756-62. [PMID: 17485435 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive impairment after general anaesthesia, especially in the elderly, is a well-recognized problem. Xenon, known to be an N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist, may be advantageous. In this study, the early cognitive function in the elderly after general anaesthesia with xenon was compared with that after desflurane. METHODS After approval by the local ethical committee and after obtaining written informed consent, patients were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, controlled study. Thirty-eight patients (65-75 yr old, ASA status I-III) undergoing an elective surgery with a planned duration of 60-180 min were allocated to either the xenon (n = 18) or the desflurane (n = 20) anaesthesia group. The primary outcome was the cognitive Test for Attentional Performance (TAP) with its subtests Alertness, Divided Attention, and Working Memory. After baseline assessment 12-24 h before operation, patients were followed-up 6-12 and 66-72 h after operation. Secondary outcomes were emergence times from anaesthesia and the modified Aldrete score. RESULTS No difference was found between the groups in the TAP at 6-12 and 66-72 h after operation. In the xenon group, emergence time was significantly faster for the following parameters: time to open eyes (P = 0.001), to react on demand (P = 0.001), to extubation (P = 0.001), and for time and spatial orientation (P = 0.007). The modified Aldrete score was significantly higher after 30, 45 and 60 min in the xenon group. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the postoperative cognitive testing at 6-12 and 66-72 h. Xenon was associated in the elderly with a faster emergence from general anaesthesia than desflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstreet 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
Most bacteria, planktonic and sessile, are encapsulated inside loosely bound extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in their physiological environment. Imaging a bacterium with its capsule requires lengthy sample preparation to enhance the capsular contrast. In this study, Salmonella typhimurium was investigated using atomic force microscopy for a practical means of imaging an encapsulated bacterium in air. The investigation further aimed to determine the relation between the buffers used for preparing the bacterium and the preservation of the capsular material surrounding it. It was observed that rinsing bacteria with HEPES buffer could stabilize and promote capsule formation, while rinsing with PBS, Tris, or glycine removes most of the capsular EPS. For bacteria rinsed with HEPES and air-dried, the height images showed only the contour of the capsular material, while the phase and amplitude images presented the detailed structures of the bacterial surface, including the flagella encapsulated inside the capsular EPS. The encapsulation was attributed to the cross-linking of the acidic exopolysaccharides mediated by the piperazine moiety of HEPES through electrostatic attraction. This explanation is supported by encapsulated bacteria observed for samples rinsed with N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine solution and by the presence of entrapped HEPES within the dry capsular EPS suggested by micro-Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Suo
- Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Stoppe C, Brücken D, Bickenbach J, Kuhlen R, Fries M. Procalcitonin is a powerful predictor of outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095378 DOI: 10.1186/cc5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Sandford SA, Aléon J, Alexander CMO, Araki T, Bajt S, Baratta GA, Borg J, Bradley JP, Brownlee DE, Brucato JR, Burchell MJ, Busemann H, Butterworth A, Clemett SJ, Cody G, Colangeli L, Cooper G, D'Hendecourt L, Djouadi Z, Dworkin JP, Ferrini G, Fleckenstein H, Flynn GJ, Franchi IA, Fries M, Gilles MK, Glavin DP, Gounelle M, Grossemy F, Jacobsen C, Keller LP, Kilcoyne ALD, Leitner J, Matrajt G, Meibom A, Mennella V, Mostefaoui S, Nittler LR, Palumbo ME, Papanastassiou DA, Robert F, Rotundi A, Snead CJ, Spencer MK, Stadermann FJ, Steele A, Stephan T, Tsou P, Tyliszczak T, Westphal AJ, Wirick S, Wopenka B, Yabuta H, Zare RN, Zolensky ME. Organics Captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft. Science 2006; 314:1720-4. [PMID: 17170291 DOI: 10.1126/science.1135841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Organics found in comet 81P/Wild 2 samples show a heterogeneous and unequilibrated distribution in abundance and composition. Some organics are similar, but not identical, to those in interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous meteorites. A class of aromatic-poor organic material is also present. The organics are rich in oxygen and nitrogen compared with meteoritic organics. Aromatic compounds are present, but the samples tend to be relatively poorer in aromatics than are meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-15 excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage. Although the variable extent of modification of these materials by impact capture is not yet fully constrained, a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sandford
- Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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Keller LP, Bajt S, Baratta GA, Borg J, Bradley JP, Brownlee DE, Busemann H, Brucato JR, Burchell M, Colangeli L, d'Hendecourt L, Djouadi Z, Ferrini G, Flynn G, Franchi IA, Fries M, Grady MM, Graham GA, Grossemy F, Kearsley A, Matrajt G, Nakamura-Messenger K, Mennella V, Nittler L, Palumbo ME, Stadermann FJ, Tsou P, Rotundi A, Sandford SA, Snead C, Steele A, Wooden D, Zolensky M. Infrared Spectroscopy of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Samples Returned by Stardust. Science 2006; 314:1728-31. [PMID: 17170293 DOI: 10.1126/science.1135796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectra of material captured from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft reveal indigenous aliphatic hydrocarbons similar to those in interplanetary dust particles thought to be derived from comets, but with longer chain lengths than those observed in the diffuse interstellar medium. Similarly, the Stardust samples contain abundant amorphous silicates in addition to crystalline silicates such as olivine and pyroxene. The presence of crystalline silicates in Wild 2 is consistent with mixing of solar system and interstellar matter. No hydrous silicates or carbonate minerals were detected, which suggests a lack of aqueous processing of Wild 2 dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P Keller
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, Mail Code KR, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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Brownlee D, Tsou P, Aléon J, Alexander CMO, Araki T, Bajt S, Baratta GA, Bastien R, Bland P, Bleuet P, Borg J, Bradley JP, Brearley A, Brenker F, Brennan S, Bridges JC, Browning ND, Brucato JR, Bullock E, Burchell MJ, Busemann H, Butterworth A, Chaussidon M, Cheuvront A, Chi M, Cintala MJ, Clark BC, Clemett SJ, Cody G, Colangeli L, Cooper G, Cordier P, Daghlian C, Dai Z, D'Hendecourt L, Djouadi Z, Dominguez G, Duxbury T, Dworkin JP, Ebel DS, Economou TE, Fakra S, Fairey SAJ, Fallon S, Ferrini G, Ferroir T, Fleckenstein H, Floss C, Flynn G, Franchi IA, Fries M, Gainsforth Z, Gallien JP, Genge M, Gilles MK, Gillet P, Gilmour J, Glavin DP, Gounelle M, Grady MM, Graham GA, Grant PG, Green SF, Grossemy F, Grossman L, Grossman JN, Guan Y, Hagiya K, Harvey R, Heck P, Herzog GF, Hoppe P, Hörz F, Huth J, Hutcheon ID, Ignatyev K, Ishii H, Ito M, Jacob D, Jacobsen C, Jacobsen S, Jones S, Joswiak D, Jurewicz A, Kearsley AT, Keller LP, Khodja H, Kilcoyne ALD, Kissel J, Krot A, Langenhorst F, Lanzirotti A, Le L, Leshin LA, Leitner J, Lemelle L, Leroux H, Liu MC, Luening K, Lyon I, Macpherson G, Marcus MA, Marhas K, Marty B, Matrajt G, McKeegan K, Meibom A, Mennella V, Messenger K, Messenger S, Mikouchi T, Mostefaoui S, Nakamura T, Nakano T, Newville M, Nittler LR, Ohnishi I, Ohsumi K, Okudaira K, Papanastassiou DA, Palma R, Palumbo ME, Pepin RO, Perkins D, Perronnet M, Pianetta P, Rao W, Rietmeijer FJM, Robert F, Rost D, Rotundi A, Ryan R, Sandford SA, Schwandt CS, See TH, Schlutter D, Sheffield-Parker J, Simionovici A, Simon S, Sitnitsky I, Snead CJ, Spencer MK, Stadermann FJ, Steele A, Stephan T, Stroud R, Susini J, Sutton SR, Suzuki Y, Taheri M, Taylor S, Teslich N, Tomeoka K, Tomioka N, Toppani A, Trigo-Rodríguez JM, Troadec D, Tsuchiyama A, Tuzzolino AJ, Tyliszczak T, Uesugi K, Velbel M, Vellenga J, Vicenzi E, Vincze L, Warren J, Weber I, Weisberg M, Westphal AJ, Wirick S, Wooden D, Wopenka B, Wozniakiewicz P, Wright I, Yabuta H, Yano H, Young ED, Zare RN, Zega T, Ziegler K, Zimmerman L, Zinner E, Zolensky M. Comet 81P/Wild 2 Under a Microscope. Science 2006; 314:1711-6. [PMID: 17170289 DOI: 10.1126/science.1135840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Brownlee
- Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Hiermann P, Fries M, Hückel D, Kiess W, Merkenschlager A. Regulationsstörungen in der frühen Kindheit: Ergebnisse der Leipziger Beratungsstelle für Eltern mit Säuglingen und Kleinkindern. Klin Padiatr 2005; 217:61-7. [PMID: 15770575 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-820298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 25 % of children in the first three years attract attention due to regulatory disorders like un-apeasable crying, chronic fussing, sleep- and feeding-disorders as well as excessive temper-tantrums. Meanwhile there are many counselling services in Germany, which provide help for parents. PATIENTS Data of 153 families with infants and toddlers till the age of three, who visited the Leipzig counselling service during a period of two years. METHOD Paediatric-neurodevelopmental status and extensive psychosocial anamnesis following a semi-structured interview-guideline. RESULTS 74 % of the families attended one or two times, in 60 % of these cases an improvement or solution of the problem occurred. 18 % of the mothers showed depressive symptoms, which are linked to the absence of the partners on a highly significant level. 23 % of the families were acutely psycho-socially stressed; these families were neither able to use the offered interventions in an appropriate way, nor were others able to use it at all. CONCLUSIONS The surveyed data support the assumption, that early childhood intervention provides help briefly and economically. For the relatively large group of "multi-problem families" in the sample we can not yet offer intervention strategies, which could help these children to reduce their high developmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hiermann
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Leipzig.
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Abstract
During the last years biochemical neuromonitoring with various molecules such as S-100 protein has become popular. A huge number of investigations both experimental and clinical have been undertaken to determine diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute neurologic diseases. This article gives a review on the current knowledge, indications and limitations on the use of S-100 protein with regard to most of the acute neurological diseases an intensivist is confronted with in everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fries
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen.
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