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Nădăban A, Gooris GS, Beddoes CM, Dalgliesh RM, Malfois M, Demé B, Bouwstra JA. The molecular arrangement of ceramides in the unit cell of the long periodicity phase of stratum corneum models shows a high adaptability to different ceramide head group structures. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2024; 1866:184324. [PMID: 38688405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The stratum corneum (SC) lipid matrix, composed primarily of ceramides (CERs), cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA), has an important role for the skin barrier function. The presence of the long periodicity phase (LPP), a unique lamellar phase, is characteristic for the SC. Insight into the lipid molecular arrangement within the LPP unit cell is imperative for understanding the relationship between the lipid subclasses and the skin barrier function. In this study, the impact of the CER head group structure on the lipid arrangement and barrier functionality was investigated using lipid models forming the LPP. The results demonstrate that the positions of CER N-(tetracosanoyl)-sphingosine (CER NS) and CER N-(tetracosanoyl)-phytosphingosine (CER NP), two essentials CER subclasses, are not influenced by the addition of another CER subclass (N-(tetracosanoyl)-dihydrosphingosine (CER NdS), N-(2R-hydroxy-tetracosanoyl)-sphingosine (CER AS) or D-(2R-hydroxy-tetracosanoyl)-phytosphingosine (CER AP)). However, differences are observed in the lipid organization and the hydrogen bonding network of the three different models. A similar localization of CER NP and CER NS is also observed in a more complex lipid model, with the CER subclass composition mimicking that of human SC. These studies show the adaptability and insensitivity of the LPP unit cell structure to changes in the lipid head group structures of the CER subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nădăban
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit S Gooris
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M Beddoes
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, the Netherlands
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-6, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, the Netherlands.
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Nădăban A, Rousel J, El Yachioui D, Gooris GS, Beddoes CM, Dalgliesh RM, Malfois M, Rissmann R, Bouwstra JA. Effect of sphingosine and phytosphingosine ceramide ratio on lipid arrangement and barrier function in skin lipid models. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100400. [PMID: 37301511 PMCID: PMC10457584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipids in the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), play an important role in the skin barrier function. The three main subclasses in the SC lipid matrix are ceramides (CER), cholesterol, and free fatty acids. In inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, the SC lipid composition is modulated compared to the composition in healthy SC. One of the main alterations is the molar ratio between the concentration of CER N-(tetracosanoyl)-sphingosine (CER NS) and CER N-(tetracosanoyl)-phytosphingosine (CER NP), which correlated with an impaired skin barrier function. In the present study, we investigated the impact of varying the CER NS:CER NP ratios on the lipid organization, lipid arrangement, and barrier functionality in SC lipid model systems. The results indicate that a higher CER NS:CER NP ratio as observed in diseased skin did not alter the lipid organization or lipid arrangement in the long periodicity phase encountered in SC. The trans-epidermal water loss, an indication of the barrier functionality, was significantly higher for the CER NS:CER NP 2:1 model (mimicking the ratio in inflammatory skin diseases) compared to the CER NS:CER NP 1:2 ratio (in healthy skin). These findings provide a more detailed insight into the lipid organization in both healthy and diseased skin and suggest that in vivo the molar ratio between CER NS:CER NP contributes to barrier impairment as well but might not be the main factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nădăban
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jannik Rousel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dounia El Yachioui
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit S Gooris
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M Beddoes
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Rissmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Braz JF, Dencheva NV, Malfois M, Denchev ZZ. Synthesis of Novel Polymer-Assisted Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers and Their Application in Cascade Biocatalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020839. [PMID: 36677897 PMCID: PMC9864776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the synthesis of novel bienzyme polymer-assisted nanoflower complexes (PANF), their morphological and structural characterization, and their effectiveness as cascade biocatalysts. First, highly porous polyamide 6 microparticles (PA6 MP) are synthesized by activated anionic polymerization in solution. Second, the PA6 MP are used as carriers for hybrid bienzyme assemblies comprising glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Thus, four PANF complexes with different co-localization and compartmentalization of the two enzymes are prepared. In samples NF GH/PA and NF GH@PA, both enzymes are localized within the same hybrid flowerlike organic-inorganic nanostructures (NF), the difference being in the way the PA6 MP are assembled with NF. In samples NF G/PAiH and NF G@PAiH, only GOx is located in the NF, while HRP is preliminary immobilized on PA6 MP. The morphology and the structure of the four PANF complexes have been studied by microscopy, spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray techniques. The catalytic activity of the four PANF was assessed by a two-step cascade reaction of glucose oxidation. The PANF complexes are up to 2-3 times more active than the free GOx/HRP dyad. They also display enhanced kinetic parameters, superior thermal stability in the 40-60 °C range, optimum performance at pH 4-6, and excellent storage stability. All PANF complexes are active for up to 6 consecutive operational cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F. Braz
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-056 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nadya V. Dencheva
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-056 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.V.D.); (Z.Z.D.)
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Facility, Cerdanyola del Valés, 0890 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zlatan Z. Denchev
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-056 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.V.D.); (Z.Z.D.)
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Wang SJ, Sawatzki M, Darbandy G, Talnack F, Vahland J, Malfois M, Kloes A, Mannsfeld S, Kleemann H, Leo K. Organic bipolar transistors. Nature 2022; 606:700-705. [PMID: 35732763 PMCID: PMC9217747 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Devices made using thin-film semiconductors have attracted much interest recently owing to new application possibilities. Among materials systems suitable for thin-film electronics, organic semiconductors are of particular interest; their low cost, biocompatible carbon-based materials and deposition by simple techniques such as evaporation or printing enable organic semiconductor devices to be used for ubiquitous electronics, such as those used on or in the human body or on clothing and packages1–3. The potential of organic electronics can be leveraged only if the performance of organic transistors is improved markedly. Here we present organic bipolar transistors with outstanding device performance: a previously undescribed vertical architecture and highly crystalline organic rubrene thin films yield devices with high differential amplification (more than 100) and superior high-frequency performance over conventional devices. These bipolar transistors also give insight into the minority carrier diffusion length—a key parameter in organic semiconductors. Our results open the door to new device concepts of high-performance organic electronics with ever faster switching speeds. An organic bipolar junction transistor composed of highly crystalline rubrene thin films has a device architecture that could be used in organic electronics with greatly improved high-frequency performance
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jen Wang
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Sawatzki
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ghader Darbandy
- NanoP, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Science, Gießen, Germany
| | - Felix Talnack
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Vahland
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kloes
- NanoP, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, University of Applied Science, Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Beddoes CM, Gooris GS, Barlow DJ, Lawrence MJ, Dalgliesh RM, Malfois M, Demé B, Bouwstra JA. The importance of ceramide headgroup for lipid localisation in skin lipid models. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2022; 1864:183886. [PMID: 35143742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stratum corneum's lipid matrix is a critical for the skin's barrier function and is primarily composed of ceramides (CERs), cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids (FFAs). The lipids form a long periodicity phase (LPP), a unique trilayer unit cell structure. An enzyme driven pathway is implemented to synthesize these key lipids. If these enzymes are down- or upregulated as in inflammatory diseases, the final lipid composition is affected often altering the barrier function. In this study, we mimicked down regulation of enzymes involved in the synthesis of the sphingosine and CER amide bond. In a LPP lipid model, we substituted CER N-(tetracosanoyl)-sphingosine (CER NS) with either i) FFA C24 and free sphingosine, to simulate the loss of the CER amide bond, or ii) with FFA C24 and C18 to simulate the loss of the sphingosine headgroup. Our study shows the lipids in the LPP would not phase separate until at least 25% of the CER NS is substituted keeping the lateral packing and conformational ordering unaltered. Neutron diffraction studies showed that free sphingosine chains localized at the outer layers of the unit cell, while the remaining CER NS head group was concentrated in the inner headgroup layers. However, when FFA C18 was inserted, CER NS was dispersed throughout the LPP, resulting in an even distribution between the inner and outer water layers. The presented results highlight the importance of the CER NS headgroup structure and its interaction in combination with the carbon chain invariability for optimal lipid arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Beddoes
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gert S Gooris
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David J Barlow
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-6, 08290 Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Demé
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Crespo I, Bernardo N, Cuppari A, Malfois M, Boer DR. Structural and biochemical characterization of the relaxosome auxiliary proteins encoded on the Bacillus subtilis plasmid pLS20. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:757-765. [PMID: 35198129 PMCID: PMC8829557 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial conjugation is an important route for horizontal gene transfer. The initial step in this process involves a macromolecular protein-DNA complex called the relaxosome, which in plasmids consists of the origin of transfer (oriT) and several proteins that prepare the transfer. The relaxosome protein named relaxase introduces a nick in one of the strands of the oriT to initiate the process. Additional relaxosome proteins can exist. Recently, several relaxosome proteins encoded on the Bacillus subtilis plasmid pLS20 were identified, including the relaxase, named RelpLS20, and two auxiliary DNA-binding factors, named Aux1pLS20 and Aux2pLS20. Here, we extend this characterization in order to define their function. We present the low-resolution SAXS envelope of the Aux1pLS20 and the atomic X-ray structure of the C-terminal domain of Aux2pLS20. We also study the interactions between the auxiliary proteins and the full-length RelpLS20, as well as its separate domains. The results show that the quaternary structure of the auxiliary protein Aux1pLS20 involves a tetramer, as previously determined. The crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of Aux2pLS20 shows that it forms a tetramer and suggests that it is an analog of TraMpF of plasmid F. This is the first evidence of the existence of a TraMpF analog in gram positive conjugative systems, although, unlike other TraMpF analogs, Aux2pLS20 does not interact with the relaxase. Aux1pLS20 interacts with the C-terminal domain, but not the N-terminal domain, of the relaxase RelpLS20. Thus, the pLS20 relaxosome exhibits some unique features despite the apparent similarity to some well-studied G- conjugation systems.
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Stribeck A, Eling B, Pöselt E, Malfois M, Schander E. Melting and solidification of thermoplastic polyurethanes as a function of nucleating agents. Nano Select 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Almut Stribeck
- Institute TMC Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 Hamburg D‐20146 Germany
| | - Berend Eling
- Institute TMC Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Bundesstr. 45 Hamburg D‐20146 Germany
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde D‐49448 Germany
| | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde D‐49448 Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Edgar Schander
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 Lemförde D‐49448 Germany
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Araújo D, Braz J, Dencheva NV, Carvalho I, Henriques M, Denchev ZZ, Malfois M, Silva S. Polyamide Microsized Particulate Polyplex Carriers for the 2'- OMethylRNA EFG1 Antisense Oligonucleotide. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:4607-4617. [PMID: 35006798 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-EFG1 2'-OMethylRNA is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that has the ability to recognize and block the EFG1 gene and to control Candida albicans filamentation. However, it is important to protect the anti-EFG1 2'-OMethylRNA ASO from the environmental human body conditions and to ensure that they will be delivered to their site of action, and polyplex microparticles (MPs) represent a class of vehicles to ASO cargo with these functionalities. Thus, the goal of this work was to develop polyplexes based on porous poly(γ-butyrolactam) (PA4) or poly(ε-caprolactam) (PA6) MPs for the anti-EFG1 2'-OMethylRNA ASO cargo and delivery. Two types of polyplexes were prepared with payloads of anti-EFG1 2'-OMethylRNA molecules, either entrapped or immobilized on prefabricated polyamide MPs. Our data confirm that PA4 and PA6 polyplex MPs can be feasible carriers for anti-EFG1 2'-OMethylRNA ASO molecules, using either the entrapment or immobilization strategies, whereby the released ASO maintains its activity against C. albicans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Braz
- IPC-Institute for Polymers and Composites, Department of Polymers Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-056 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nadya V Dencheva
- IPC-Institute for Polymers and Composites, Department of Polymers Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-056 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Carvalho
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Zlatan Z Denchev
- IPC-Institute for Polymers and Composites, Department of Polymers Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-056 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Facility, Cerdanyola del Valés, Barcelona 0890, Spain
| | - Sónia Silva
- LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Smith AJ, Alcock SG, Davidson LS, Emmins JH, Hiller Bardsley JC, Holloway P, Malfois M, Marshall AR, Pizzey CL, Rogers SE, Shebanova O, Snow T, Sutter JP, Williams EP, Terrill NJ. I22: SAXS/WAXS beamline at Diamond Light Source - an overview of 10 years operation. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:939-947. [PMID: 33950002 PMCID: PMC8127364 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Beamline I22 at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to the study of soft-matter systems from both biological and materials science. The beamline can operate in the range 3.7 keV to 22 keV for transmission SAXS and 14 keV to 20 keV for microfocus SAXS with beam sizes of 240 µm × 60 µm [full width half-maximum (FWHM) horizontal (H) × vertical (V)] at the sample for the main beamline, and approximately 10 µm × 10 µm for the dedicated microfocusing platform. There is a versatile sample platform for accommodating a range of facilities and user-developed sample environments. The high brilliance of the insertion device source on I22 allows structural investigation of materials under extreme environments (for example, fluid flow at high pressures and temperatures). I22 provides reliable access to millisecond data acquisition timescales, essential to understanding kinetic processes such as protein folding or structural evolution in polymers and colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S. G. Alcock
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - L. S. Davidson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. Emmins
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. C. Hiller Bardsley
- King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - P. Holloway
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. R. Marshall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - C. L. Pizzey
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S. E. Rogers
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - O. Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - T. Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Sutter
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - E. P. Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - N. J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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Beddoes CM, Rensen DE, Gooris GS, Malfois M, Bouwstra JA. The Importance of Free Fatty Chain Length on the Lipid Organization in the Long Periodicity Phase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073679. [PMID: 33916267 PMCID: PMC8038103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin's barrier ability is an essential function for terrestrial survival, which is controlled by intercellular lipids within the stratum corneum (SC) layer. In this barrier, free fatty acids (FFAs) are an important lipid class. As seen in inflammatory skin diseases, when the lipid chain length is reduced, a reduction in the barrier's performance is observed. In this study, we have investigated the contributing effects of various FFA chain lengths on the lamellar phase, lateral packing. The repeat distance of the lamellar phase increased with FFA chain length (C20-C28), while shorter FFAs (C16 to C18) had the opposite behaviour. While the lateral packing was affected, the orthorhombic to hexagonal to fluid phase transitions were not affected by the FFA chain length. Porcine SC lipid composition mimicking model was then used to investigate the proportional effect of shorter FFA C16, up to 50% content of the total FFA mixture. At this level, no difference in the overall lamellar phases and lateral packing was observed, while a significant increase in the water permeability was detected. Our results demonstrate a FFA C16 threshold that must be exceeded before the structure and barrier function of the long periodicity phase (LPP) is affected. These results are important to understand the lipid behaviour in this unique LPP structure as well as for the understanding, treatment, and development of inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Beddoes
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (D.E.R.); (G.S.G.)
| | - Denise E. Rensen
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (D.E.R.); (G.S.G.)
| | - Gert S. Gooris
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (D.E.R.); (G.S.G.)
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Joke A. Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, University of Leiden, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.M.B.); (D.E.R.); (G.S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-527-4208
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11
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Crespo I, Bernardo N, Miguel-Arribas A, Singh PK, Luque-Ortega JR, Alfonso C, Malfois M, Meijer WJJ, Boer DR. Inactivation of the dimeric RappLS20 anti-repressor of the conjugation operon is mediated by peptide-induced tetramerization. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:8113-8127. [PMID: 32658272 PMCID: PMC7430634 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing allows bacterial cells to communicate through the release of soluble signaling molecules into the surrounding medium. It plays a pivotal role in controlling bacterial conjugation in Gram-positive cells, a process that has tremendous impact on health. Intracellular regulatory proteins of the RRNPP family are common targets of these signaling molecules. The RRNPP family of gene regulators bind signaling molecules at their C-terminal domain (CTD), but have highly divergent functionalities at their N-terminal effector domains (NTD). This divergence is also reflected in the functional states of the proteins, and is highly interesting from an evolutionary perspective. RappLS20 is an RRNPP encoded on the Bacillus subtilis plasmid pLS20. It relieves the gene repression effectuated by RcopLS20 in the absence of the mature pLS20 signaling peptide Phr*pLS20. We report here an in-depth structural study of apo and Phr*pLS20-bound states of RappLS20 at various levels of atomic detail. We show that apo-RappLS20 is dimeric and that Phr*pLS20-bound Rap forms NTD-mediated tetramers. In addition, we show that RappLS20 binds RcopLS20 directly in the absence of Phr*pLS20 and that addition of Phr*pLS20 releases RcopLS20 from RappLS20. This allows RcopLS20 to bind the promotor region of crucial conjugation genes blocking their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Crespo
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, C. de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Bernardo
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, C. de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Miguel-Arribas
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), C. Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Praveen K Singh
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), C. Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan R Luque-Ortega
- Molecular Interactions Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alfonso
- Systems Biochemistry of Bacterial Division Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, C. de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wilfried J J Meijer
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa' (CSIC-UAM), C. Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk Roeland Boer
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, C. de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Terban MW, Seidel K, Pöselt E, Malfois M, Baumann RP, Sander R, Paulus D, Hinrichsen B, Dinnebier RE. Cross-examining Polyurethane Nanodomain Formation and Internal Structure. Macromolecules 2020; 53:9065-9073. [PMID: 33132420 PMCID: PMC7594411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural and morphological interplay between hard and soft phases determine the bulk properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes. Commonly employed techniques rely on different physical or chemical phenomena for characterizing the organization of domains, but detailed structural information can be difficult to derive. Here, total scattering pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is used to determine atomic-scale insights into the connectivity and molecular ordering and compared to the domain size and morphological characteristics measured by AFM, TEM, SAXS, WAXS, and solid-state NMR 1H-1H spin-diffusion. In particular, density distribution functions are highlighted as a means to bridging the gap from the domain morphology to intradomain structural ordering. High real-space resolution PDFs are shown to provide a sensitive fingerprint for indexing aromatic, aliphatic, and polymerization-induced bonding characteristics, as well as the hard phase structure, and indicate that hard phases coexist in both ordered and disordered states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karsten Seidel
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF Polyurethanes
GmbH, Elastogranstr.
60, 49448 Lemförde, Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ralf Sander
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dirk Paulus
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Robert E. Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Castellví A, Pascual-Izarra C, Crosas E, Malfois M, Juanhuix J. Improving data quality and expanding BioSAXS experiments to low-molecular-weight and low-concentration protein samples. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:971-981. [PMID: 33021499 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320010700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The addition of compounds to scavenge the radical species produced during biological small-angle X-ray scattering (BioSAXS) experiments is a common strategy to reduce the effects of radiation damage and produce better quality data. As almost half of the experiments leading to structures deposited in the SASBDB database used scavengers, finding potent scavengers would be advantageous for many experiments. Here, four compounds, three nucleosides and one nitrogenous base, are presented which can act as very effective radical-scavenging additives and increase the critical dose by up to 20 times without altering the stability or reducing the contrast of the tested protein solutions. The efficacy of these scavengers is higher than those commonly used in the field to date, as verified for lysozyme solutions at various concentrations from 7.0 to 0.5 mg ml-1. The compounds are also very efficient at mitigating radiation damage to four proteins with molecular weights ranging from 7 to 240 kDa and pH values from 3 to 8, with the extreme case being catalase at 6.7 mg ml-1, with a scavenging factor exceeding 100. These scavengers can therefore be instrumental in expanding BioSAXS to low-molecular-weight and low-concentration protein samples that were previously inaccessible owing to poor data quality. It is also demonstrated that an increase in the critical dose in standard BioSAXS experiments leads to an increment in the retrieved information, in particular at higher angles, and thus to higher resolution of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Castellví
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pascual-Izarra
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Crosas
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, 08290 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Hoque MA, Gil-Sepulcre M, de Aguirre A, Elemans JAAW, Moonshiram D, Matheu R, Shi Y, Benet-Buchholz J, Sala X, Malfois M, Solano E, Lim J, Garzón-Manjón A, Scheu C, Lanza M, Maseras F, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Llobet A. Water oxidation electrocatalysis using ruthenium coordination oligomers adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1060-1066. [PMID: 32989272 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical cells that utilize water as a source of electrons are one of the most attractive solutions for the replacement of fossil fuels by clean and sustainable solar fuels. To achieve this, heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis needs to be mastered and properly understood. The search continues for a catalyst that is stable at the surface of electro(photo)anodes and can efficiently perform this reaction at the desired neutral pH. Here, we show how oligomeric Ru complexes can be anchored on the surfaces of graphitic materials through CH-π interactions between the auxiliary ligands bonded to Ru and the hexagonal rings of the graphitic surfaces, providing control of their molecular coverage. These hybrid molecular materials behave as molecular electroanodes that catalyse water oxidation to dioxygen at pH 7 with high current densities. This strategy for the anchoring of molecular catalysts on graphitic surfaces can potentially be extended to other transition metals and other catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asmaul Hoque
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adiran de Aguirre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain.,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Lanza
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanoscience and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Asgharizadeh S, Khorram S, Lazemi M, Hosseinzadeh A, Malfois M. Size-dependent interaction of plasma with anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17365-17374. [PMID: 32705095 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the particle size distribution and phase changes of the anatase TiO2 nanopowder samples when they are subject to the plasma treatments of three different kinds of gases as nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), and argon (Ar). The plasma gas pressures vary as 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 Torr. We demonstrate that the plasma treatments have an effect neither on the phase structure nor on the mean nanocrystalline size. The phase and size invariances of the samples are attributed to their nanoscale thermodynamic aspects. We find out that elevating the gas pressure in some cases creates fine-size amorphous nanoparticles with a narrow distribution. Our findings authenticate that plasma treatment affects the amorphous phase with etching particles down to a mean value of ∼3 nm. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique was utilized to obtain the size distribution of the nanoparticles, and the wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) technique was used to probe the phase and size changes of the crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirous Khorram
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666 16471, Iran.
| | - Masoud Lazemi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666 16471, Iran.
| | | | - Marc Malfois
- NCD - BL11, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Cano‐Raya C, Dencheva NV, Braz JF, Malfois M, Denchev ZZ. Optical biosensor for catechol determination based on laccase‐immobilized anionic polyamide 6 microparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Cano‐Raya
- Department of Polymer Engineering, IPC – Institute for Polymers and CompositesUniversity of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Nadya V. Dencheva
- Department of Polymer Engineering, IPC – Institute for Polymers and CompositesUniversity of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Joana F. Braz
- Department of Polymer Engineering, IPC – Institute for Polymers and CompositesUniversity of Minho Guimarães Portugal
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Facility, Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Zlatan Z. Denchev
- Department of Polymer Engineering, IPC – Institute for Polymers and CompositesUniversity of Minho Guimarães Portugal
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17
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Nogales A, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, García-Gutiérrez MC, Ezquerra TA, Rebollar E, Šics I, Malfois M, Gaidukovs S, Ge̅cis E, Celms K, Bakradze G. Structure Development in Polymers during Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): An in Situ Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Study Using Synchrotron Radiation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Igors Šics
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, Riga LV-1048, Latvia
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18
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Moro AJ, Avó J, Malfois M, Zaccaria F, Fonseca Guerra C, Caparrós FJ, Rodríguez L, Lima JC. Aggregation induced emission of a new naphthyridine-ethynyl-gold(i) complex as a potential tool for sensing guanosine nucleotides in aqueous media. Dalton Trans 2019; 49:171-178. [PMID: 31793589 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new organometallic alkynyl-gold(i) complex capable of exhibiting aggregation induced emission was designed and synthesized. The linear complex structure possesses a central Au(i) atom, bearing two axial ligands: (1) 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane and (2) 2-acetamido-7-ethynyl-1,8-naphthyridine. While the former accounts for its partial solubility in an aqueous environment, the latter acts as a receptor unit for binding guanosine nucleotides and derivatives via multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. At high concentrations, aggregation of the complex was observed by the formation of new absorption (λmax∼ 400 nm) and emission bands (550-700 nm). Formation of aggregates of ca. 60 nm diameter was confirmed by Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Disruption of the aggregates in the presence of guanosine derivatives resulted in a ratiometric signal with apparent association constants in the order of 105 M-1 and high sensitivity (around 63% signal change) which are, to the best of our knowledge, in line with the highest values recorded for nucleotide sensors based on hydrogen bonding and capable of working in water. Computational studies indicate the presence of additional hydrogen bonding interactions that account for the strong binding of the Au(i) complex to phosphorylated guanosine nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur J Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
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19
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Fraga E, Zea-Garcia JD, Yáñez A, De la Torre AG, Cuesta A, Valcárcel-Fernández R, Farré-París F, Malfois M, Aranda MAG. High-pressure and -temperature spinning capillary cell for in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1238-1244. [PMID: 31274449 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In situ research of materials under moderate pressures (hundreds of bar) is essential in many scientific fields. These range from gas sorption to chemical and biological processes. One industrially important discipline is the hydration of oil well cements. Existing capillary cells in this pressure range are static as they are easy to design and operate. This is convenient for the study of single-phase materials; however, powder diffraction quantitative analyses for multiphase systems cannot be performed accurately as a good powder average cannot be attained. Here, the design, construction and commissioning of a cost-effective spinning capillary cell for in situ powder X-ray diffraction is reported, for pressures currently up to 200 bar. The design addresses the importance of reducing the stress on the capillary by mechanically synchronizing the applied rotation power and alignment on both sides of the capillary while allowing the displacement of the supports needed to accommodate different capillaries sizes and to insert the sample within the tube. This cell can be utilized for multiple purposes allowing the introduction of gas or liquid from both ends of the capillary. The commissioning is reported for the hydration of a commercial oil well cement at 150 bar and 150°C. The quality of the resulting powder diffraction data has allowed in situ Rietveld quantitative phase analyses for a hydrating cement containing seven crystalline phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo Fraga
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Lum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus D Zea-Garcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos S/N, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Armando Yáñez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Naval e Industrial, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro S/N, 15403 Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Angeles G De la Torre
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos S/N, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos S/N, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Farré-París
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Lum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Lum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A G Aranda
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Lum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Stribeck A, Eling B, Pöselt E, Malfois M, Schander E. Melting, Solidification, and Crystallization of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane as a Function of Hard Segment Content. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almut Stribeck
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Berend Eling
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Germany
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
| | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| | - Edgar Schander
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH Elastogranstr. 60 49448 Lemförde Germany
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21
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Pinto A, Hernández G, Gavara R, Aguiló E, Moro AJ, Aullón G, Malfois M, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Supramolecular tripodal Au(i) assemblies in water. Interactions with a pyrene fluorescent probe. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00469f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of three gold(i) tripodal complexes derived from tripropargylamine and containing the water soluble phosphines PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), DAPTA (3,7-diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) and TPPTS (triphenylphosfine-3,3′,3′′-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt) is described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Guillem Hernández
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Raquel Gavara
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Elisabet Aguiló
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Monte de Caparica
- Portugal
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Laboratory (CELLS)
- Carrer de la Llum 2-26
- 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Monte de Caparica
- Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Inorgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Martí i Franquès 1-11
- 08028 Barcelona
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22
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Aguiló E, Moro AJ, Gavara R, Alfonso I, Pérez Y, Zaccaria F, Guerra CF, Malfois M, Baucells C, Ferrer M, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Reversible Self-Assembly of Water-Soluble Gold(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:1017-1028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Aguiló
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Raquel Gavara
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden
Institute
of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Laboratory (CELLS), Carrer de la Llum 2−26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Baucells
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ferrer
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut
de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Morley DO, Malfois M, Kamonsutthipaijit N, Kondratuk DV, Anderson HL, Wilson M. A Coarse-Grained Model for Free and Template-Bound Porphyrin Nanorings. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5907-5920. [PMID: 28703593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coarse-grained simulation models are developed to study both template-bound and free porphyrin nanoring systems. Key interactions are modeled with relatively simple (and physically motivated) energy functions which allow for relatively facile transfer both between different ring sizes and between the template-bound and free nanoring systems. The effects of varying the model parameters on the respective radii of gyration are determined. The effects of including different templates on the ring structure are investigated both in terms of the detailed geometry of the template and the interaction strength between the template and the metal centers in the nanorings. The role of the template-nanoring interaction strength in controlling potential "caterpillar track" rotational motion is discussed. The relationship of the model to experimental small-angle X-ray, exchange spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ormrod Morley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Marc Malfois
- Diamond Light Source Ltd , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Nuntaporn Kamonsutthipaijit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dmitry V Kondratuk
- Diamond Light Source Ltd , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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24
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Crosas E, Castellvi A, Crespo I, Fulla D, Gil-Ortiz F, Fuertes G, Kamma-Lorger CS, Malfois M, Aranda MAG, Juanhuix J. Uridine as a new scavenger for synchrotron-based structural biology techniques. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:53-62. [PMID: 28009546 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516018452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular crystallography (MX) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies on proteins at synchrotron light sources are commonly limited by the structural damage produced by the intense X-ray beam. Several effects, such as aggregation in protein solutions and global and site-specific damage in crystals, reduce the data quality or even introduce artefacts that can result in a biologically misguiding structure. One strategy to reduce these negative effects is the inclusion of an additive in the buffer solution to act as a free radical scavenger. Here the properties of uridine as a scavenger for both SAXS and MX experiments on lysozyme at room temperature are examined. In MX experiments, upon addition of uridine at 1 M, the critical dose D1/2 is increased by a factor of ∼1.7, a value similar to that obtained in the presence of the most commonly used scavengers such as ascorbate and sodium nitrate. Other figures of merit to assess radiation damage show a similar trend. In SAXS experiments, the scavenging effect of 40 mM uridine is similar to that of 5% v/v glycerol, and greater than 2 mM DTT and 1 mM ascorbic acid. In all cases, the protective effect of uridine is proportional to its concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Crosas
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Castellvi
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Crespo
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Fulla
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil-Ortiz
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A G Aranda
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Juanhuix
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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El-Hachemi Z, Balaban TS, Campos JL, Cespedes S, Crusats J, Escudero C, Kamma-Lorger CS, Llorens J, Malfois M, Mitchell GR, Tojeira AP, Ribó JM. Effect of Hydrodynamic Forces on meso-(4-Sulfonatophenyl)-Substituted Porphyrin J-Aggregate Nanoparticles: Elasticity, Plasticity and Breaking. Chemistry 2016; 22:9740-9. [PMID: 27238461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The J aggregates of 4-sulfonatophenyl meso-substituted porphyrins are non-covalent polymers obtained by self-assembly that form nanoparticles of different morphologies. In the case of high aspect-ratio nanoparticles (bilayered ribbons and monolayered nanotubes), shear hydrodynamic forces may modify their shape and size, as observed by peak force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy of frozen solutions, small-angle X-ray scattering measurements in a disk-plate rotational cell, and cone-plate rotational viscometry. These nanoparticles either show elastic or plastic behaviour: there is plasticity in the ribbons obtained upon nanotube collapse on solid/air interfaces and in viscous concentrated nanotube solutions, whereas elasticity occurs in the case of dilute nanotube solutions. Sonication and strong shear hydrodynamic forces lead to the breaking of the monolayered nanotubes into small particles, which then associate into large colloidal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubir El-Hachemi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB), University of Barcelona (UB), c. Martí I Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - J Lourdes Campos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Sergio Cespedes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB), University of Barcelona (UB), c. Martí I Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB), University of Barcelona (UB), c. Martí I Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christina S Kamma-Lorger
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Llorens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, c. Martí I Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Geoffrey R Mitchell
- Center for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Ana P Tojeira
- Center for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Josep M Ribó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB), University of Barcelona (UB), c. Martí I Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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26
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Kamma-Lorger CS, Pinali C, Martínez JC, Harris J, Young RD, Bredrup C, Crosas E, Malfois M, Rødahl E, Meek KM, Knupp C. Role of Decorin Core Protein in Collagen Organisation in Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy (CSCD). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147948. [PMID: 26828927 PMCID: PMC4734740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Decorin in organising the extracellular matrix was examined in normal human corneas and in corneas from patients with Congenital Stromal Corneal Dystrophy (CSCD). In CSCD, corneal clouding occurs due to a truncating mutation (c.967delT) in the decorin (DCN) gene. Normal human Decorin protein and the truncated one were reconstructed in silico using homology modelling techniques to explore structural changes in the diseased protein. Corneal CSCD specimens were also examined using 3-D electron tomography and Small Angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS), to image the collagen-proteoglycan arrangement and to quantify fibrillar diameters, respectively. Homology modelling showed that truncated Decorin had a different spatial geometry to the normal one, with the truncation removing a major part of the site that interacts with collagen, compromising its ability to bind effectively. Electron tomography showed regions of abnormal stroma, where collagen fibrils came together to form thicker fibrillar structures, showing that Decorin plays a key role in the maintenance of the order in the normal corneal extracellular matrix. Average diameter of individual fibrils throughout the thickness of the cornea however remained normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Kamma-Lorger
- NCD-BL11, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Pinali
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez
- NCD-BL11, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Harris
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Young
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilie Bredrup
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Crosas
- NCD-BL11, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Malfois
- NCD-BL11, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Keith M. Meek
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Knupp
- Structural Biophysics Research Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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27
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Barrán-Berdón AL, Yélamos B, Malfois M, Aicart E, Junquera E. Ca(2+)-mediated anionic lipid-plasmid DNA lipoplexes. Electrochemical, structural, and biochemical studies. Langmuir 2014; 30:11704-11713. [PMID: 25211646 DOI: 10.1021/la502823z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several experimental methods, such as zeta potential, gel electrophoresis, small-angle X-ray scattering, gene transfection, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and cell viability/cytotoxicity assays, have been used to analyze the potential of anionic lipids (AL) as effective nontoxic and nonviral DNA vectors, assisted by divalent cations. The lipoplexes studied are those comprised of the green fluorescent protein-encoding plasmid DNA pEGFP-C3, an anionic lipid as 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS), and a zwitterionic lipid, the 1,2-dioleoyl-sn -glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE, not charged at physiological pH). The studies have been carried on at different liposome and lipoplex compositions and in the presence of a variety of [Ca2+]. Electrochemical experiments reveal that DOPG/DOPE and DOPS/DOPE anionic liposomes may compact more effectively pDNA at low molar fractions (with an excess of DOPE) and at AL/pDNA ratios ≈20. Calcium concentrations around 15-20 mM are needed to yield lipoplexes neutral or slightly positive. From a structural standpoint, DOPG/DOPE-Ca2+-pDNA lipoplexes are self-assembled into a HIIc phase (inverted cylindrical micelles in hexagonal ordering with plasmid supercoils inside the cylinders), while DOPS/DOPE-Ca2+-pDNA lipoplexes show two phases in coexistence: one classical HIIc phase which contains pDNA supercoils and one Lα phase without pDNA among the lamellae, i.e., a lamellar stack of lipidic bilayers held together by Ca2+ bridges. Transfection and cell viability studies were done with HEK293T and HeLa cells in the presence of serum. Lipoplexes herein studied show moderate-to-low transfection levels combined with moderate-to-high cell viability, comparable to those yield by Lipofectamine2000*, which is a cationic lipid (CL) standard formulation, but none of them improve the output of typical CL gen vectors, mostly if they are gemini or dendritic. This fact would be indicating that, nowadays, lipofection via anionic lipids and divalent cations as mediators still needs to enhance transfection levels in order to be considered as a real and plausible alternative to lipofection through improved CLs-based lipoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Barrán-Berdón
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, and ∥Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Kondratuk DV, Sprafke JK, O'Sullivan MC, Perdigao LMA, Saywell A, Malfois M, O'Shea JN, Beton PH, Thompson AL, Anderson HL. Vernier-templated synthesis, crystal structure, and supramolecular chemistry of a 12-porphyrin nanoring. Chemistry 2014; 20:12826-34. [PMID: 25154736 PMCID: PMC4517159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vernier templating exploits a mismatch between the number of binding sites in a template and a reactant to direct the formation of a product that is large enough to bind several template units. Here, we present a detailed study of the Vernier-templated synthesis of a 12-porphyrin nanoring. NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses show that Vernier complexes are formed as intermediates in the cyclo-oligomerization reaction. UV/Vis/NIR titrations show that the three-component assembly of the 12-porphyrin nanoring figure-of-eight template complex displays high allosteric cooperativity and chelate cooperativity. This nanoring–template 1:2 complex is among the largest synthetic molecules to have been characterized by single-crystal analysis. It crystallizes as a racemate, with an angle of 27° between the planes of the two template units. The crystal structure reveals many unexpected intramolecular C–H⋅⋅⋅N contacts involving the tert-butyl side chains. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments show that molecules of the 12-porphyrin template complex can remain intact on the gold surface, although the majority of the material unfolds into the free nanoring during electrospray deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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29
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Rennie AR, Hellsing MS, Wood K, Gilbert EP, Porcar L, Schweins R, Dewhurst CD, Lindner P, Heenan RK, Rogers SE, Butler PD, Krzywon JR, Ghosh RE, Jackson AJ, Malfois M. Learning about SANS instruments and data reduction from round robin measurements on samples of polystyrene latex. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813019468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of a well-characterized `standard' sample can verify the performance of an instrument. Typically, small-angle neutron scattering instruments are used to investigate a wide range of samples and may often be used in a number of configurations. Appropriate `standard' samples are useful to test different aspects of the performance of hardware as well as that of the data reduction and analysis software. Measurements on a number of instruments with different intrinsic characteristics and designs in a round robin can not only better characterize the performance for a wider range of conditions but also, perhaps more importantly, reveal the limits of the current state of the art of small-angle scattering. The exercise, followed by detailed analysis, tests the limits of current understanding as well as uncovering often forgotten assumptions, simplifications and approximations that underpin the current practice of the technique. This paper describes measurements of polystyrene latex, radius 720 Å, with a number of instruments. Scattering from monodisperse, uniform spherical particles is simple to calculate and displays sharp minima. Such data test the calibrations of intensity, wavelength and resolution as well as the detector response. Smoothing due to resolution, multiple scattering and polydispersity has been determined. Sources of uncertainty are often related to systematic deviations and calibrations rather than random counting errors. The study has prompted development of software to treat modest multiple scattering and to better model the instrument resolution. These measurements also allow checks of data reduction algorithms and have identified how they can be improved. The reproducibility and the reliability of instruments and the accuracy of parameters derived from the data are described.
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30
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Vincent HA, Henderson CA, Ragan TJ, Garza-Garcia A, Cary PD, Gowers DM, Malfois M, Driscoll PC, Sobott F, Callaghan AJ. Characterization of Vibrio cholerae Hfq provides novel insights into the role of the Hfq C-terminal region. J Mol Biol 2012; 420:56-69. [PMID: 22484176 PMCID: PMC3477312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hfq is a bacterial RNA binding protein that facilitates small RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene regulation. In Vibrio cholerae, Hfq and four Hfq-dependent small RNAs are essential for the expression of virulence genes, but little is known about this mechanism at the molecular level. To better understand V. cholerae Hfq structure and mechanism, we characterized the protein, alongside Escherichia coli Hfq for comparison, using biochemical and biophysical techniques. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the two proteins is highly conserved, but the C-terminal regions (CTRs) vary in both sequence and length. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies showed that both proteins adopt a star-shaped hexameric structure in which the conserved NTD adopts the expected Sm fold while the variable CTR is disordered and extends radially outwards from the folded core. Despite their structural similarity, SDS-PAGE stability assays and collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry revealed that the V. cholerae hexamer is less stable than that of E. coli. We propose that this is due to minor differences between the intersubunit interface formed by the NTDs and the ability of the E. coli CTR to stabilize this interface. However, based on electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the divergent CTRs do appear to perform a common function with regard to RNA-binding specificity. Overall, the similarities and differences in the fundamental properties of V. cholerae and E. coli Hfq provide insight into their assembly and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Vincent
- Biophysics Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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31
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Sprafke JK, Kondratuk DV, Wykes M, Thompson AL, Hoffmann M, Drevinskas R, Chen WH, Yong CK, Kärnbratt J, Bullock JE, Malfois M, Wasielewski MR, Albinsson B, Herz LM, Zigmantas D, Beljonne D, Anderson HL. Belt-Shaped π-Systems: Relating Geometry to Electronic Structure in a Six-Porphyrin Nanoring. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17262-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2045919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K. Sprafke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry V. Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Wykes
- Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rokas Drevinskas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Chaw Keong Yong
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Joakim Kärnbratt
- Department of Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 3, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joseph E. Bullock
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marc Malfois
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 3, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Beljonne
- Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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32
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Holbourn KP, Malfois M, Acharya KR. First structural glimpse of CCN3 and CCN5 multifunctional signaling regulators elucidated by small angle x-ray scattering. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22243-9. [PMID: 21543320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.225755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN (cyr61, ctgf, nov) proteins (CCN1-6) are an important family of matricellular regulatory factors involved in internal and external cell signaling. They are central to essential biological processes such as adhesion, proliferation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, wound healing, and modulation of the extracellular matrix. They possess a highly conserved modular structure with four distinct modules that interact with a wide range of regulatory proteins and ligands. However, at the structural level, little is known although their biological function(s) seems to require cooperation between individual modules. Here we present for the first time structural determinants of two of the CCN family members, CCN3 and CCN5 (expressed in Escherichia coli), using small angle x-ray scattering. The results provide a description of the overall molecular shape and possible general three-dimensional modular arrangement for CCN proteins. These data unequivocally provide insight of the nature of CCN protein(s) in solution and thus important insight into their structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Holbourn
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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33
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Baldock C, Oberhauser AF, Ma L, Lammie D, Siegler V, Mithieux SM, Tu Y, Chow JYH, Suleman F, Malfois M, Rogers S, Guo L, Irving TC, Wess TJ, Weiss AS. Shape of tropoelastin, the highly extensible protein that controls human tissue elasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:4322-7. [PMID: 21368178 PMCID: PMC3060269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014280108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin enables the reversible deformation of elastic tissues and can withstand decades of repetitive forces. Tropoelastin is the soluble precursor to elastin, the main elastic protein found in mammals. Little is known of the shape and mechanism of assembly of tropoelastin as its unique composition and propensity to self-associate has hampered structural studies. In this study, we solve the nanostructure of full-length and corresponding overlapping fragments of tropoelastin using small angle X-ray and neutron scattering, allowing us to identify discrete regions of the molecule. Tropoelastin is an asymmetric coil, with a protruding foot that encompasses the C-terminal cell interaction motif. We show that individual tropoelastin molecules are highly extensible yet elastic without hysteresis to perform as highly efficient molecular nanosprings. Our findings shed light on how biology uses this single protein to build durable elastic structures that allow for cell attachment to an appended foot. We present a unique model for head-to-tail assembly which allows for the propagation of the molecule's asymmetric coil through a stacked spring design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Andres F. Oberhauser
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Donna Lammie
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4LU, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Siegler
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4LU, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M. Mithieux
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yidong Tu
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - John Yuen Ho Chow
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Farhana Suleman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Malfois
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Rogers
- ISIS Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom; and
| | - Liang Guo
- BioCAT, Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation and Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- BioCAT, Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation and Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616
| | - Tim J. Wess
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4LU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Bras W, Dolbnya I, Detollenaere D, van Tol R, Malfois M, Greaves G, Ryan A, Heeley E. Recent experiments on a small-angle/wide-angle X-ray scattering beam line at the ESRF. J Appl Crystallogr 2003. [DOI: 10.1107/s002188980300400x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Volkov VV, Kayushina RL, Lapuk VA, Shtykova EV, Varlamova EY, Malfois M, Svergun DI. Solution structures of human immunoglobulins IgG and IgM and rheumatoid factor IgM-RF. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2003. [DOI: 10.1134/1.1541750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Two-component regulatory systems mediate most of the bacterial cells responses to a variety of signals. In Sinorhizobium meliloti, the FixL-FixJ couple controls the expression of the nitrogen fixation genes through the binding of the two-domains response regulator FixJ to the fixK and nifA promoters. Phosphorylation of the N-terminal regulatory domain activates the protein and releases the inhibition of the C-terminal DNA-binding domain that occurs in the unphosphorylated protein. Insights into the transition from the inactive to the active form are provided by the architecture of the unphosphorylated response regulator reported in this study. The relative position and orientation of the N and C-terminal domains were defined from the molecular envelope restored from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data. The involvement of the alpha4-beta5-alpha5 surface of the regulatory domain, the linker region and the C-terminal helix of the DNA-binding domain in the interdomain interface of unphosphorylated FixJ was supported by biochemical investigations. These results, together with the previously reported studies on the phosphorylated regulatory domain of FixJ, emphasize the role of the alpha4-beta5-alpha5 surface in mediating a flow of information in this response regulator. This first study by SAXS of proteins from two-component systems suggests that the method could be successfully applied to other members of this family and could be suitable for the study of multidomain proteins and protein-protein complexes regulated through molecular interfaces in the low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Birck
- Groupe de Cristallographie Biologique, CNRS-IPBS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077- Cedex, Toulouse, France
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37
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He, Garamus VM, Funari SS, Malfois M, Willumeit R, Niemeyer B. Comparison of Small-Angle Scattering Methods for the Structural Analysis of Octyl-β-maltopyranoside Micelles. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020034o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He
- Institute for Coastal Research/Physical and Chemical Analysis, GKSS National Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Universität Rostock, Physics Department, c/o HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vasil M. Garamus
- Institute for Coastal Research/Physical and Chemical Analysis, GKSS National Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Universität Rostock, Physics Department, c/o HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sérgio S. Funari
- Institute for Coastal Research/Physical and Chemical Analysis, GKSS National Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Universität Rostock, Physics Department, c/o HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Malfois
- Institute for Coastal Research/Physical and Chemical Analysis, GKSS National Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Universität Rostock, Physics Department, c/o HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit
- Institute for Coastal Research/Physical and Chemical Analysis, GKSS National Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Universität Rostock, Physics Department, c/o HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Niemeyer
- Institute for Coastal Research/Physical and Chemical Analysis, GKSS National Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Universität Rostock, Physics Department, c/o HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany, and Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, D-22043 Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Abstract
Bacteriophage PRD1 is a prototype of viruses with an internal membrane. The icosahedral capsid and major coat protein share structural similarity with the corresponding structures of adenovirus. The present study further explores similarities between these viruses, considering the 5-fold vertex assemblies. The vertex structure of bacteriophage PRD1 consists of proteins P2, P5, and P31. The vertex complex mediates host cell binding and controls double-stranded DNA delivery. Quaternary structures and interactions of purified spike proteins were studied by synchrotron radiation x-ray solution scattering. Low resolution models of the vertex proteins P5, P2, and P31 were reconstructed ab initio from the scattering data. Protein P5 is a long trimer that resembles the adenovirus spike protein pIV. The receptor-binding protein P2 is a 15.5-nm long, thin monomer and does not have an adenovirus counterpart. P31 forms a pentameric base with a maximum diameter of 8.5 nm, which is thinner than the adenovirus penton pIII. P5 further polymerize into a nonameric form ((P5(3))(3)). In the presence of P31, P5 associates into a P5(6):P31 complex. The constructed models of these assemblies provided support for a model of vertex assembly onto the virion. Although similar in overall architecture, clear differences between PRD1 and adenovirus spike assemblies have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sokolova
- Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117333, Russia
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Svergun DI, Zaccai G, Malfois M, Wade RH, Koch MH, Kozielski F. Conformation of the Drosophila motor protein non-claret disjunctional in solution from X-ray and neutron scattering. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:24826-32. [PMID: 11335729 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103618200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The quaternary structures of monomeric and dimeric Drosophila non-claret disjunctional (ncd) constructs were investigated using synchrotron x-ray and neutron solution scattering, and their low resolution shapes were restored ab initio from the scattering data. The experimental curves were further compared with those computed from crystallographic models of one monomeric and three available dimeric ncd structures in the microtubule-independent ADP-bound state. These comparisons indicate that accounting for the missing parts in the crystal structures for all these constructs is indispensable to obtain reasonable fits to the scattering patterns. A ncd construct (MC6) lacking the coiled-coil region is monomeric in solution, but the calculated scattering from the crystallographic monomer yields a poor fit to the data. A tentative configuration of the missing C-terminal residues in the form of an antiparallel beta-sheet was found that significantly improves the fit. The atomic model of a short dimeric ncd construct (MC5) without 2-fold symmetry is found to fit the data better than the symmetric models. Addition of the C-terminal residues to both head domains gives an excellent fit to the x-ray and neutron experimental data, although the orientation of the beta-sheet differs from that of the monomer. The solution structure of the long ncd construct (MC1) including complete N-terminal coiled-coil and motor domains is modeled by adding a straight coiled-coil section to the model of MC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Svergun
- Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 59, 117333 Russia.
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40
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Feil IK, Malfois M, Hendle J, van Der Zandt H, Svergun DI. A novel quaternary structure of the dimeric alpha-crystallin domain with chaperone-like activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:12024-9. [PMID: 11278766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010856200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
alphaB-crystallin, a member of the small heat-shock protein family and a major eye lens protein, is a high molecular mass assembly and can act as a molecular chaperone. We report a synchrotron radiation x-ray solution scattering study of a truncation mutant from the human alphaB-crystallin (alphaB57-157), a dimeric protein that comprises the alpha-crystallin domain of the alphaB-crystallin and retains a significant chaperone-like activity. According to the sequence analysis (more than 23% identity), the monomeric fold of the alpha-crystallin domain should be close to that of the small heat-shock protein from Methanococcus jannaschii (MjHSP16.5). The theoretical scattering pattern computed from the crystallographic model of the dimeric MjHSP16.5 deviates significantly from the experimental scattering by the alpha-crystallin domain, pointing to different quaternary structures of the two proteins. A rigid body modeling against the solution scattering data yields a model of the alpha-crystallin domain revealing a new dimerization interface. The latter consists of a strand-turn-strand motif contributed by each of the monomers, which form a four-stranded, antiparallel, intersubunit composite beta-sheet. This model agrees with the recent spin labeling results and suggests that the alphaB-crystallin is composed by flexible building units with an extended surface area. This flexibility may be important for biological activity and for the formation of alphaB-crystallin complexes of variable sizes and compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Feil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), EMBL Hamburg Outstation, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany.
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41
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Kozak M, Svergun D, Malfois M, Koch MHJ, Jurga S. SAXS and shape determination studies ofEscherichia coliL-asparaginase II in solution. Acta Crystallogr A 2000. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767300022248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Svergun DI, Malfois M, Koch MH, Wigneshweraraj SR, Buck M. Low resolution structure of the sigma54 transcription factor revealed by X-ray solution scattering. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:4210-4. [PMID: 10660585 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.6.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma54 RNA polymerase holoenzyme functions in enhancer-dependent transcription. The structural organization of the sigma54 subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase in solution is analyzed by synchrotron x-ray scattering. Scattering patterns are collected from the full-length protein and from a large fragment able to bind the core RNA polymerase, and their low resolution shapes are restored using two ab initio shape determination techniques. The sigma54 subunit is a highly elongated particle, and the core binding fragment can be unambiguously positioned inside the full-length protein. The boomerang-like shape of the core binding fragment is similar to that of the atomic model of a fragment of the Escherichia coli sigma70 protein, indicating that, although the sigma54 and sigma70 factors are unrelated by primary sequence, they may share some structural similarity. Potential DNA binding surfaces of sigma54 are also predicted by comparison with the sigma54 core binding fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany.
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Aleshin AE, Malfois M, Liu X, Kim CS, Fromm HJ, Honzatko RB, Koch MH, Svergun DI. Nonaggregating mutant of recombinant human hexokinase I exhibits wild-type kinetics and rod-like conformations in solution. Biochemistry 1999; 38:8359-66. [PMID: 10387081 DOI: 10.1021/bi990523n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinase I governs the rate-limiting step of glycolysis in brain tissue, being inhibited by its product, glucose 6-phosphate, and allosterically relieved of product inhibition by phosphate. On the basis of small-angle X-ray scattering, the wild-type enzyme is a monomer in the presence of glucose and phosphate at protein concentrations up to 10 mg/mL, but in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate, is a dimer down to protein concentrations as low as 1 mg/mL. A mutant form of hexokinase I, specifically engineered by directed mutation to block dimerization, remains monomeric at high protein concentration under all conditions of ligation. This nondimerizing mutant exhibits wild-type activity, potent inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate, and phosphate reversal of product inhibition. Small-angle X-ray scattering data from the mutant hexokinase I in the presence of glucose/phosphate, glucose/glucose 6-phosphate, and glucose/ADP/Mg2+/AlF3 are consistent with a rodlike conformation for the monomer similar to that observed in crystal structures of the hexokinase I dimer. Hence, any mechanism for allosteric regulation of hexokinase I should maintain a global conformation of the polypeptide similar to that observed in crystallographic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Aleshin
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Abstract
New results obtained from a two-dimensional sequence analysis of the small heat shock protein (shsp) family are described. It is confirmed that the conserved C-terminal alpha-crystallin domain is essentially made of beta-strands, most probably two groups of beta-strands separated by a large loop. A direct correspondence between the putative beta-strands that have been identified in shsps and the seven beta-strands of a classical immunoglobulin-like fold is proposed. The hypothesis that the shsp family could belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is consistent with the ubiquitous distribution and the multifunctional properties of the crystallins that are now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mornon
- Systèmes Moléculaires et Biologie Structurale, LMCP, URA 09 CNRS-Universités Paris 6 et 7, France
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Bonneté F, Malfois M, Finet S, Tardieu A, Lafont S, Veesler S. Different Tools to Study Interaction Potentials in γ-Crystallin Solutions: Relevance to Crystal Growth. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1997; 53:438-47. [PMID: 15299910 DOI: 10.1107/s090744499700200x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic pressure, small-angle X-ray scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering were used to study the medium-range interaction potentials between macromolecules in solution. These potentials determine macromolecular crystallization. Calf eye lens gamma-crystallins were used as a model system with the charge, and therefore the interactions, varied with pH. The second virial coefficient was determined under the same conditions with each of the three techniques. Osmotic pressure and quasi-elastic light scattering can be used conveniently in the laboratory to rapidly test the type of interactions (either attractive or repulsive) present in the solution. The measurement is direct with osmotic pressure, whereas with quasi-elastic light scattering, the directly measured coefficient is a combination of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic terms. X-rays, which require more sophisticated equipment such as synchrotron radiation facilities, can provide more detailed information on the interparticle potentials when models are used. At low ionic strength, two potentials were found necessary to account for the temperature and pH phase diagram as a function of protein concentration. The first potential is the van der Waals attractive potential that was previously shown to account for the fluid-fluid phase separation at low temperature. The second potential is an electrostatic coulombic repulsive potential which is a function of the protein charge and thus of the pH. The interaction trail could be followed at protein concentrations as low as 10 mg ml(-1). The results as a whole are expected to be valid for all compact low molecular weight proteins at low ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonneté
- Laboratoire de Minéralogie Cristallographie Paris, UA 09, CNRS, Universités Paris, VI, France
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47
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Malfois M, Bonneté F, Belloni L, Tardieu A. A model of attractive interactions to account for fluid–fluid phase separation of protein solutions. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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48
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Tardieu A, Malfois M, Bonneté F, Belloni L. Eye lens transparency or cold cataract: a question of protein interaction potentials. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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