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Philipp J, Franta C, Zeiler M, Truttmann S, Wittek T, Schöfbeck G, Mairhofer D, Mitterer M, Laczkovics C, Treasure J, Karwautz AFK, Wagner G. Acceptability and feasibility of SUCCEAT, an intervention for parents of adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2024. [PMID: 38407519 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE "Supporting Carers of Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders in Austria" (SUCCEAT), a skills training for parents, delivered via workshops (WS) or online modules (ONL), has been proven to be effective in terms of parental distress, caregiver skills, and adolescents' outcome. This study examined the adherence to and the acceptability and feasibility of SUCCEAT. METHOD One-hundred parents (86% mothers) of adolescents with anorexia nervosa participated in the 8-week training. Parents were assigned to the WS (n = 50) or ONL (n = 50) format using a quasi-randomised design. Adherence, acceptability, and feasibility were assessed using self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Adherence to the sessions was high (66%-98%) for both groups. The usage of the material was comparable between the groups. However, in the WS group, participants actively approached the coaches (71.8% vs. 48.9% often/very often) or other parents (63% vs. 4.4% often/very often) more often. Perceived helpfulness was high in both groups, overall satisfaction and practicability were higher in the WS group. CONCLUSIONS Good adherence, acceptability, and feasibility were confirmed for both formats of SUCCEAT, with minimal advantages of the WS regarding satisfaction and contact with other parents and coaches. Thus, both formats can be recommended for implementation in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Philipp
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Franta
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Truttmann
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Wittek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schöfbeck
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dunja Mairhofer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Mitterer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarissa Laczkovics
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas F K Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Karwautz A, Zeiler M, Schwarzenberg J, Mairhofer D, Mitterer M, Truttmann S, Philipp J, Koubek D, Glüder M, Wagner G, Malcher A, Schöfbeck G, Laczkovics C, Rock HW, Zanko A, Imgart H, Banaschewski T, Fleischhaker C, Correll CU, Wewetzer C, Walitza S, Taurines R, Fekete S, Romanos M, Egberts K, Gerlach M. Therapeutic drug monitoring in adolescents with anorexia nervosa for safe treatment with adjunct olanzapine. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2023. [PMID: 37592386 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medication is commonly used in anorexia nervosa (AN) despite largely missing high grade evidence. Olanzapine (OLZ) is the best-evidenced substance used off-label in this group, with conflicting outcome regarding BMI, clinical and safety parameters. Therefore, it is important to strictly assure quality of treatment with OLZ in AN by using 'Therapeutic Drug Monitoring' according to AGNP-guidelines, including serum levels and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to support safety for adolescents with AN and attempt to generate an initial age- and disorder-specific therapeutic reference range. METHOD Sixty-five adolescents with AN (aged 10-18) treated with OLZ (98% female; 97.5% AN-restricting-type) were prospectively observed, ADRs reported, and correlations between dosage and serum levels measured at trough level were calculated, a preliminary therapeutic range defined. RESULTS Mean dosage of OLZ was 8.15 (SD: 2.91) mg and 0.19 (SD: 0.07) mg/kg respectively, average concentration was 26.57 (SD: 13.46) ng/mL. Correlation between daily dosage/dosage per kg and serum level was 0.72 (**p < 0.001)/0.65 (**p < 0.001), respectively. ADRs with impairment were rare (6.3%). 75% improved clinically (CGI). BMI increased significantly by 1.5 kg/m2 (t = 10.6, p < 0.001). A preliminary therapeutic reference range is 11.9 and 39.9 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS OLZ in the hands of specialists is a well-tolerated and safe treatment adjunct for adolescents with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Julia Schwarzenberg
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Dunja Mairhofer
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Michaela Mitterer
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Stefanie Truttmann
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Julia Philipp
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Doris Koubek
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Maria Glüder
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Anouk Malcher
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schöfbeck
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Clarissa Laczkovics
- Eating Disorders Care and Research Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Berlin Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Wewetzer
- Kliniken der Stadt Köln GmbH, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Holweide, Children's Hospital Amsterdamer Straße, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Taurines
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fekete
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Wittek T, Zeiler M, Truttmann S, Philipp J, Kahlenberg L, Schneider A, Kopp K, Krauss H, Auer-Welsbach E, Koubek D, Ohmann S, Werneck-Rohrer S, Sackl-Pammer P, Laczkovics C, Mitterer M, Schmidt U, Karwautz A, Wagner G. The Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adolescents and emerging adults: A multi-centre cohort study. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2023. [PMID: 37302134 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was examining the efficacy of the Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adolescents and Young Adults (MANTRa) compared to individual psychotherapy that can be considered as standard in Austria (TAU-O). METHOD In this cohort study, 92 patients between 13 and 21 years suffering from full-syndrome, atypical or weight-restored anorexia nervosa (AN) received either 24-34 individual MANTRa sessions (n = 45) or TAU-O (n = 47). Outcome variables were age- and sex-related BMI, eating disorder and comorbid psychopathology at 6-, 12- and 18-month post baseline as well as acceptability of treatment and therapeutic alliance. RESULTS Both treatments resulted in significant improvements in age- and sex related BMI and reductions in eating disorder and comorbid psychopathology over time with significant differences between groups in favour of MANTRa. The percentage of participants with fully remitted AN was significantly higher in the MANTRa group compared to TAU-O at 18-month follow-up (MANTRa: 46% vs. TAU-O: 16%, p = 0.006). Satisfaction with both treatments was high. CONCLUSIONS MANTRa is an effective treatment programme for adolescents and young adults with AN. Randomised controlled trials comparing MANTRa with existing treatments are necessary. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03535714).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Wittek
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Truttmann
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Philipp
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonie Kahlenberg
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schneider
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin Kopp
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Krauss
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ellen Auer-Welsbach
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of Childhood and Adolescence, Clinical Centre Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Doris Koubek
- Medical Practice for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Linz, Austria
| | - Susanne Ohmann
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Werneck-Rohrer
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Sackl-Pammer
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarissa Laczkovics
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Mitterer
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorder Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Mair MJ, Mitterer M, Buratti T, Berchtold L, Fong D, Preusser M. Timely course of SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccinations in patients with hemato-oncological diseases: analysis of a real-life cohort. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101559. [PMID: 37196399 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has particularly impacted patients with hemato-oncological malignancies, as they showed not only a higher propensity for severe courses but also weaker immune responses after vaccination. Still, data on the influence of pandemic waves and vaccinations on outcomes are rare. This study aimed to analyze the timely course of infections and vaccinations in a real-life cohort of patients with hemato-oncological diseases. METHODS In this cohort study, 1817 patients with hemato-oncological diseases from 1 February 2020 to 15 December 2022 at the 'Franz Tappeiner' Hospital in Merano/Meran, Italy, were followed for SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccinations. RESULTS Of 1817 patients with hemato-oncological malignancies, 735 (40.5%) were infected at least once with SARS-CoV-2, and 1614 (88.8%) received one or more doses of the approved vaccinations. Patients receiving antineoplastic treatment had a lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rate [35.1% versus 41.0%; odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.95], but higher risk of hospitalization (13.4% versus 6.9%; OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.25-3.69) compared with untreated patients. Overall, the case fatality rate (CFR) was 3.4%. Unvaccinated patients were more prone to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) courses requiring hospitalization (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.25-4.36) and had a higher CFR (7.3% versus 1.6%; OR 4.98, 95% CI 2.16-12.98) than their vaccinated counterparts. In the Delta wave, patients with two vaccinations had a lower infection risk (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10-0.35) and tendentially lower hospitalization rates (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.05-1.29) than unvaccinated patients. In the Omicron wave, 345/1198 (28.8%) patients with three or more vaccinations had breakthrough infections, resulting in a similar risk for infection (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.60-1.30) but numerically lower risk for hospitalization (24/345, 7.0%) than unvaccinated individuals (4/40, 10.0%). Scheduled visits were postponed in 128/335 (38.2%) patients due to COVID-19, and deferrals correlated with pandemic wave (P = 0.002) and vaccination status (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes differ between distinct phases of the pandemic. Vaccination with variant-specific vaccines should be prioritized as general protective measures are increasingly lifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mair
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. https://twitter.com/MedUni_Wien
| | - M Mitterer
- Hemato-Oncological Day Hospital Unit, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Meran/Merano, Italy
| | - T Buratti
- Hemato-Oncological Day Hospital Unit, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Meran/Merano, Italy
| | - L Berchtold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Fong
- Hemato-Oncological Day Hospital Unit, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Meran/Merano, Italy
| | - M Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Philipp J, Franta C, Zeiler M, Truttmann S, Wittek T, Imgart H, Zanko A, Auer-Welsbach E, Mairhofer D, Mitterer M, Laczkovics C, Schöfbeck G, Jilka E, Egermann WB, Treasure J, Karwautz AFK, Wagner G. Does a Skills Intervention for Parents Have a Positive Impact on Adolescents' Anorexia Nervosa Outcome? Answers from a Quasi-Randomised Feasibility Trial of SUCCEAT. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18094656. [PMID: 33925694 PMCID: PMC8124826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skills trainings for caregivers of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been proven to be effective in improving caregiver skills and reducing caregivers’ psychopathology. The effects on patients, especially adolescents, are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a caregivers’ skills training program (Supporting Carers of Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders in Austria, SUCCEAT, workshop or online version) on adolescents with AN delivered as workshops (WS) or online (ONL). Outcomes are Body-Mass-Index (BMI) percentile, eating psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination, EDE), attitudinal and behavioural dimensions of eating disorders (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), motivation to change (AN Stages of Change Questionnaire), emotional and behavioural problems (Youth Self-Report) and quality of life (KINDL). All outcome variables significantly improved across both SUCCEAT groups (WS and ONL) and were sustained at 12-month follow-up. The online and workshop delivery of SUCCEAT were equally effective. Most effect sizes were in the medium-to-high range. Full or partial remission was observed in 72% (WS) and 87% (ONL) of patients. Caregiver skills trainings, either delivered as workshops or online modules, are highly recommended to complement treatment as usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Philipp
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Claudia Franta
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Stefanie Truttmann
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Tanja Wittek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Hartmut Imgart
- Parkland Clinic, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 34537 Bad Wildungen, Germany; (H.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Annika Zanko
- Parkland Clinic, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 34537 Bad Wildungen, Germany; (H.I.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ellen Auer-Welsbach
- Department for Neurology and child and adolescents Psychiatry, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria;
| | - Dunja Mairhofer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Michaela Mitterer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Clarissa Laczkovics
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Gabriele Schöfbeck
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Elisabeth Jilka
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Wolfgang B. Egermann
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Andreas F. K. Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (C.F.); (M.Z.); (S.T.); (T.W.); (D.M.); (M.M.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (E.J.); (W.B.E.); (A.F.K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-140-400-3-0170
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Egberts K, Reuter-Dang SY, Fekete S, Kulpok C, Mehler-Wex C, Wewetzer C, Karwautz A, Mitterer M, Holtkamp K, Boege I, Burger R, Romanos M, Gerlach M, Taurines R. Therapeutic drug monitoring of children and adolescents treated with aripiprazole: observational results from routine patient care. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1663-1674. [PMID: 32997183 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although aripiprazole is one of the most used antipsychotics, knowledge about serum concentrations in children and adolescents is scarce and age-specific therapeutic ranges have not been established yet. Data of a routine therapeutic drug monitoring service were analyzed in order to evaluate the relationship between dose and serum concentration of aripiprazole in children and adolescents. The study also aimed to evaluate whether the therapeutic reference range defined for adults with schizophrenia (100-350 ng/ml) is applicable for minors. Data from 130 patients (aged 7-19 years) treated with aripiprazole for different indications in doses of 2-30 mg/day were evaluated. Patient characteristics, doses, serum concentrations and therapeutic outcome were assessed by standardized measures. A positive mean correlation between body weight-corrected daily dose and aripiprazole concentration was found (rp = 0.59, p < 0.001) with variation in dose explaining 35% of the variability in serum concentrations. Girls had on average 41% higher dose-corrected concentrations than boys (244.9 versus 173.4 mg/l; p = 0.006). Aripiprazole concentrations did not vary with co-medication (p = 0.22). About 70% of all measured serum concentrations were within the recommended therapeutic range for adults. Using a calculation method in all responding patients with an ICD-10 F2 diagnosis for a rough estimation of a preliminary therapeutic window also demonstrated a similar therapeutic range of aripiprazole in minors (105.9-375.3 ng/ml) than for adults. If confirmed in larger samples and more controlled study designs, these data may contribute to the definition of a therapeutic range of aripiprazole concentrations in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP e.V.), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Su-Yin Reuter-Dang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fekete
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Kulpok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Mehler-Wex
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP e.V.), Wuerzburg, Germany
- HEMERA Private Hospital for Mental Health, Adolescents and Young Adults, Bad Kissingen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Wewetzer
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP e.V.), Wuerzburg, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinics of the City Cologne GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP e.V.), Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Mitterer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Isabel Boege
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ZfP Suedwuerttemberg, Weissenau, Germany
| | - Rainer Burger
- TDM-Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP e.V.), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP e.V.), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Taurines
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP e.V.), Wuerzburg, Germany.
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7
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Philipp J, Truttmann S, Zeiler M, Franta C, Wittek T, Schöfbeck G, Mitterer M, Mairhofer D, Zanko A, Imgart H, Auer-Welsbach E, Treasure J, Wagner G, Karwautz AFK. Reduction of High Expressed Emotion and Treatment Outcomes in Anorexia Nervosa-Caregivers' and Adolescents' Perspective. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072021. [PMID: 32605074 PMCID: PMC7409203 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High expressed emotion (EE) is common in caregivers of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and associated with poorer outcome for patients. In this study, we examined the prevalence of high EE in caregivers of adolescents with AN and analyzed predictors for EE using multivariate linear regression models. We further analyzed whether EE is reduced by the “Supporting Carers of Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders in Austria” (SUCCEAT) intervention using general linear mixed models and whether a reduction of EE predicts patients’ outcomes. Caregivers were randomly allocated to the SUCCEAT workshop (N = 50) or online intervention (N = 50) and compared to a comparison group (N = 49). EE and patients’ outcomes were assessed at the baseline, post-intervention, and at the 12-month follow-up. Up to 47% of caregivers showed high EE. Lower caregiver skills, higher AN symptom impact, higher levels of depression and motivation to change in caregivers were significant predictors for high EE. EE significantly decreased in the SUCCEAT groups and the comparison group according to the caregivers’, but not the patients’ perspective. The level of reduction could partially predict subjective improvement and improvement in clinically assessed AN symptoms and body mass index of patients. Implementing interventions for caregivers addressing EE in the treatment of adolescents with AN is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Philipp
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Stefanie Truttmann
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Claudia Franta
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Tanja Wittek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Gabriele Schöfbeck
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Michaela Mitterer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Dunja Mairhofer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Annika Zanko
- Parkland Clinic, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 34537 Bad Wildungen, Germany; (A.Z.); (H.I.)
| | - Hartmut Imgart
- Parkland Clinic, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 34537 Bad Wildungen, Germany; (A.Z.); (H.I.)
| | - Ellen Auer-Welsbach
- Department for Neurology and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria;
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
| | - Andreas F. K. Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.P.); (S.T.); (M.Z.); (C.F.); (T.W.); (G.S.); (M.M.); (D.M.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-30140
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8
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De Giorgi U, Procopio G, Guida A, Bearz A, Buti S, Basso U, Mitterer M, Ortega C, Bidoli P, Ferrau F, Crinò L, Frassoldati A, Marchetti P, Mini E, Scoppola A, Verusio C, Fornarini G, Cartenì G, Caserta C, Sternberg C. Inflammatory indexes strongly predict clinical outcome in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) treated with nivolumab: results from the Italian expanded access program (EAP). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx371.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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9
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Lanthaler AJ, Platzer C, Heidegger H, Mitterer M, Vogl FD. Genetisch-epidemiologische Untersuchung der BRCA1 und -2 Gene in Patientinnen mit Mamma- und/oder Ovarialkarzinom aus Südtirol. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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10
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Seeber A, Mitterer M, Gunsilius E, Mazzoleni G, Giovannetti R, Farsad M, Eisterer W, Gastl G, Pall G, Wieser A, Lukas P, Wimmer M, Spizzo G. Feasibility of a multdisciplinary lung cancer videoconference between a peripheral hospital and a comprehensive cancer centre. Oncology 2013; 84:186-90. [PMID: 23328311 DOI: 10.1159/000345314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of lung cancer patients is changing rapidly and new treatment options have emerged in recent years. In 2007, to guarantee the best treatment procedure for lung cancer patients being treated in our peripheral hospital, we decided to introduce an interdisciplinary tumour videoconference between the Haemato-Oncological Day Hospital in Merano and the Comprehensive Cancer Centre Innsbruck. This retrospective analysis aims to describe the feasibility of such a conference. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred and three patients with lung cancer treated at the peripheral hospital of Merano between May 2003 until May 2011 were retrospectively analysed. After introduction of the tumour videoconference in 2007, 54% (n = 110) of the patients in this cohort were discussed in the conference. RESULTS One hundred and four videoconferences were performed. Videoconference was feasible for 110 patients. Radiotherapeutic treatments were prescribed more frequently in patients from the conference group. Overall, major and minor treatment changes were undertaken in 7% (n = 8) and 18% (n = 20), respectively. CONCLUSION Interdisciplinary tumour videoconference is feasible between a peripheral hospital and a comprehensive cancer centre. Radiotherapeutic treatment was prescribed more frequently, suggesting that such a conference facilitates the access to cancer-centre-specific treatment modalities. Accordingly, tumour videoconference between a peripheral hospital and a cancer centre is to be recommend.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seeber
- Haemato-Oncological Day Hospital, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, IT-39012 Merano, Italy
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11
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Fong D, Moser P, Krammel C, Gostner JM, Margreiter R, Mitterer M, Gastl G, Spizzo G. High expression of TROP2 correlates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1290-5. [PMID: 18813308 PMCID: PMC2570520 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most devastating human malignancies. Despite considerable research efforts, it remains resistant to almost all available treatment regimens. The human trophoblast cell-surface antigen, TROP2, was found to be strongly expressed in a variety of human epithelial cancers, correlating with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. TROP2 antigen expression was investigated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded primary tumour tissue samples from a series (n=197) of consecutive patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Parameters found to be of prognostic significance in univariate analysis were verified in a multivariate Cox regression model. TROP2 overexpression was observed in 109 (55%) of 197 pancreatic cancer patients and was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (P<0.01). By univariate analysis, TROP2 overexpression was found to correlate with the presence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.04) and tumour grade (P=0.01). Furthermore, in the subgroup of patients treated surgically with curative intent, TROP2 overexpression significantly correlated with poor progression-free survival (P<0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed TROP2 to be an independent prognosticator. These findings suggest for the first time that TROP2 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Targeting TROP2 might be a useful treatment approach for patients with pancreatic cancer overexpressing this cell-surface marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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12
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Kabakci K, Hedrich K, Leung JC, Mitterer M, Vieregge P, Lencer R, Hagenah J, Garrels J, Witt K, Klostermann F, Svetel M, Friedman J, Kostic V, Bressman SB, Breakefield XO, Ozelius LJ, Pramstaller PP, Klein C. Mutations in DYT1: extension of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum. Neurology 2005; 62:395-400. [PMID: 14872019 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000113024.84178.f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cases of early-onset primary torsion dystonia (PTD) are caused by the same three-base pair (bp) (GAG) deletion in the DYT1 gene. Exon rearrangements are a common mutation type in other genes and have not yet been tested for in DYT1. Several lines of evidence suggest a relationship of the DYT1 gene with Parkinson disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency and type of DYT1 mutations and explore the associated phenotypes in a mixed movement disorders patient cohort and in controls. METHODS The authors screened 197 patients with dystonia (generalized: n = 5; focal/segmental: n = 126; myoclonus-dystonia: n = 34; neuroleptic-induced: n = 32), 435 with PD, and 42 with various other movement disorders, along with 812 healthy controls, for small deletions in exon 5 of DYT1 and tested for exon rearrangements by quantitative, duplex PCR in 51 GAG deletion-negative dystonia cases. RESULTS The GAG deletion was detected in five patients: three with early-onset PTD, one with generalized jerky or clonic dystonia, and one with generalized dystonia and additional features (developmental delay, pyramidal syndrome). A novel out-of-frame four-bp deletion (934_937delAGAG) in exon 5 of the DYT1 gene was found in a putatively healthy blood donor. No exon rearrangements were identified in DYT1. CONCLUSIONS In this mixed patient sample, the GAG deletion was rare and in two out of five cases associated with an unusual phenotype. In addition, a novel DYT1 truncating mutation of unknown clinical relevance was found in a putatively unaffected individual. DYT1 exon rearrangements, however, do not seem to be associated with PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kabakci
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Germany
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in systemic and supportive therapies, multiple myeloma remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Novel therapeutic approaches are thus needed. Thalidomide has recently been recognized as an effective new agent for previously untreated, refractory or relapsed myeloma. PATIENTS AND METHODS To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of thalidomide in myeloma, we performed a retrospective analysis of 21 consecutive patients receiving thalidomide alone or in combination with dexamethasone and/or intermittent cyclophosphamide as first-line, maintenance or salvage therapy within a compassionate use program. RESULTS Of the 21 patients, 16 (76.2%) had refractory or relapsed disease, including 7 (33.3%) patients relapsing after autologous stem cell transplantation. Three patients received thalidomide as maintenance therapy after having achieved a partial remission following autologous stem cell transplantation or conventional chemotherapy. Two patients were given thalidomide as first-line treatment for indolent disease. During long-term treatment (median 12 months, range 1-27 months), patients tolerated only low doses of thalidomide (50-150 mg/day) due to cumulative neurotoxicity. At a median follow-up of 16 months (range 1.5-28 months), we observed an overall response rate of 61.9% (50% for the subgroup receiving thalidomide alone; 77.8% for combination therapy) consisting of 1 complete response, 2 near-complete responses, 8 partial responses and 2 minor responses. Median progression-free survival was 20 months. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that low-dose thalidomide (50-100 mg/day) alone or in combination is a safe, well-tolerated and effective form of therapy for patients with myeloma at various stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steurer
- Abteilung für Hämatologie & Onkologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Svaldi M, Moroder W, Messner H, Battisti L, Venturi R, Coser P, Mitterer M. Transient myeloproliferative disorder with a CD7+ and CD56+ myeloid/natural killer cell precursor phenotype in a newborn. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002; 24:394-6. [PMID: 12142790 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200206000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anewborn with a transient myeloproliferative disorder and a myeloid/natural killer cell leukemia phenotype is described. The blasts expressed CD7, CD33, CD34, CD56, and CD117 but did not react with cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase and were negative for cy CD22, HLA-DR, and CD90 expression. No megakaryoblastic surface markers were identified. The blast population disappeared from the peripheral blood and bone marrow within 2 months, but hepatomegaly and recurrent respiratory insufficiency persisted. The patient died of unilateral pneumonia in the third month of life. Neither extramedullary infiltration nor other hematologic signs of disease progression were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svaldi
- Department of Hematology, Regional Hospital Bozen, Bozen, Italy
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15
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Svaldi M, Hirber J, Lanthaler AI, Mayr O, Faes S, Peer E, Mitterer M. Procalcitonin-reduced sensitivity and specificity in heavily leucopenic and immunosuppressed patients. Br J Haematol 2001; 115:53-7. [PMID: 11722409 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Procalcitonin (PCT) has proven to be a very sensitive marker of sepsis for non-leucopenic patients. Little is known about its relevance in immunosuppressed and leucopenic adults. Four hundred and seventy-five PCT determinations were carried out in 73 haematological patients: on 221 occasions the white blood cell (WBC) count was < 1.0 x 10(9)/l and on 239 occasions it was > 1.0 x 10(9)/l leucocytes. Patients were classified as: non-systemic infected controls (n = 280), patients with bacteraemia (n = 32), sepsis (n = 30), severe sepsis (n = 3), septic shock (n = 3) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (n = 62). When the WBC count was > 1.0 x 10(9)/l, gram-negative bacteria induced higher PCT levels (median 9.4 ng/ml) than gram-positives (median 1.4 ng/ml). In cases with a WBC < 1.0 x 10(9)/l, PCT levels were similar for gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (1.1 ng/ml versus 0.85 ng/ml). Regardless of the leucocyte count, the median PCT level in bacteraemia cases always remained < 0.5 ng/ml. In heavily leucopenic situations, PCT levels were never > 2 ng/ml even in the sepsis and severe sepsis/septic shock groups, whereas a WBC count > 1.0 x 10(9)/l resulted in median PCT values of 4.1 ng/ml and 45 ng/ml respectively. The positive predictive value for sepsis (cut-off 2 ng/ml) was 93% in cases of WBC count > 1.0 x 10(9)/l, but only 66% in leucopenic conditions. The negative predictive value (cut-off 0.5 ng/ml) was 90% when the WBC count was > 1.0 x 10(9)/l and 63% in leucopenic conditions. Procalcitonin is an excellent sepsis marker with a high positive- and negative-predictive value in patients with WBC count > 1.0 x 10(9)/l, but it does not work satisfactorily below this leucocyte count.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svaldi
- Department of Haematology Regional Hospital Bozen, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Mice deficient for the adapter protein SLP65 (BLNK) show a partial block in early B cell development, reduced numbers of mature B cells in the periphery, an absence of B1 cells and a reduction of IgM and IgG3 serum immunoglobulin levels. A strikingly similar phenotype is observed in Btk-deficient mice. To investigate the consequences of mutations in both SLP65 and Btk, we generated SLP65/ Btk double-mutant mice by crossing the single-mutant mice. Analysis of the double-mutant mice reveals a much more severe defect in B cell development. B cells in the SLP65/Btk double-mutant mice are arrested at the preB cell stage and, surprisingly, express the preB cell receptor. Normally, preB cell receptor expression in wild-type mice is restricted to a very small fraction of B cells making it difficult to identify these cells in the bone marrow. Together, the data demonstrate the synergistic role of SLP65 and Btk in B cell development and describe a situation where large numbers of preB cell receptor-positive cells accumulate in the bone marrow and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jumaa
- Molecular Immunology, Biologie III, University of Freiburg and Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Svaldi M, Tappa C, Gebert U, Bettini D, Fabris P, Franzelin F, Osele L, Mitterer M. Technetium-99m-sestamibi scintigraphy: an alternative approach for diagnosis and follow-up of active myeloma lesions after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2001; 80:393-7. [PMID: 11529464 DOI: 10.1007/s002770100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Technetium-99m-sestamibi (MIBI) is a radionuclide tracer taken up by different malignant tumors. A total of 88 MIBI scans were carried out in 20 individuals with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and 10 patients during follow-up for other cancers. Of these 58 MIBI scans were carried out in 46 myeloma patients: 15 at diagnosis, 14 during conventional chemotherapy, and 29 following high-dose sequential therapy and autologous peripheral blood progenitor support. A positive MIBI scan was exhibited by lof 10 with non-myeloma cancers and 2 of 20 with MGUS. In contrast, all stage II and III multiple myelomas (MM) were positive at diagnosis. Therefore, the sensitivity of the MIBI scan at diagnosis was 100%, whereas the specificity in this cohort was 93%. Four different MIBI patterns could be distinguished in MM patients: physiological, focal, diffuse, and extramedullary uptakes. In comparison to conventional skeletal radiographs, MIBI scans recognized a higher number of myeloma lesions at diagnosis. MIBI scans remained positive in all patients during conventional chemotherapy, and there was a direct correlation between MIBI result and clinical outcome of patients following high-dose therapy. Eighteen patients had a negative MIBI scan: 9 were in complete remission (CR), 8 in partial remission (PR), and 1 had progressive disease. Eleven patients showed lesions on the MIBI scan: 4 were in PR, 5 had progressive disease, 1 had a minimal response, and only 1 was in CR. A diffuse MIBI pattern reflected a higher bone marrow plasma cell number. In five patients, histologically or cytologically verified soft tissue myeloma lesions were correctly diagnosed by MIBI scan, while all plain radiographs showed none of them. MIBI has proven to be an effective tool in diagnosing biologically active myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svaldi
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Regional Hospital, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
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18
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Svaldi M, Lanthaler A, Venturi R, Coser P, Mitterer M. Simultaneous occurrence of bcr-abl and inv16 in a case of M1 acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2001; 15:695. [PMID: 11368385 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Mitterer M, Lanthaler AJ, Schnabel B, Svaldi M, Oduncu F, Coser P, Emmerich B, Huemer H, Straka C. Peripheral blood monoclonal B-cells predict the event free survival in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 41:387-95. [PMID: 11378552 DOI: 10.3109/10428190109057994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reinfusion of myeloma progenitor cells may contribute to relapse of multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplantation. The aim of our study was to investigate whether monoclonal B-cells are present in the apheresis product and to evaluate the clinical relevance of these cells. Leukapheresis products of 55 patients were purged with anti-B-cell-Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and immunobeads. Monoclonal B-cells were found in 85% of patients within the B-cell population. In one third of all myeloma patients, the majority of B-cells was represented by monoclonal myeloma progenitor B-cells, whereas in two thirds of patients monoclonal cells only represented a small part of the entire B-cell population. As shown by sequence analysis, monoclonal precursor B-cells and malignant plasma cells had the identical genetic CDR III sequence. The purging efficacy, using a negative selection system, was a median of 3 logs (range 1,5-3,5). No statistical difference in the purging efficacy was found when 3, 4 or 5 MoAbs against B-cells antigens were used. However, a tumor specific signal could be detected in the purged harvest of all patients, when the highly sensitive ASO-PCR approach was used. Furthermore, we found a direct correlation between the amount of remaining monoclonal cells after negative selection and the event free survival of myeloma patients. 10/15 patients with a median of 20 x 10(3) monoclonal cells in the purged product relapsed at a median of 1,4 years, whereas only 6/24 patients with an oligoclonal pattern including a low number of remaining monoclonal cells relapsed at a median of 2,2 years. The event free survival (EFS) was statistically different between the two groups (p = 0,014).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre; L. Böhlerstrasse 5, I-39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
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20
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Ladetto M, Sametti S, Donovan JW, Ferrero D, Astolfi M, Mitterer M, Ricca I, Drandi D, Corradini P, Coser P, Pileri A, Gribben JG, Tarella C. A validated real-time quantitative PCR approach shows a correlation between tumor burden and successful ex vivo purging in follicular lymphoma patients. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:183-93. [PMID: 11166457 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Purging procedures are increasingly used to provide stem cell collections devoid of contaminating tumor cells. In follicle center lymphoma (FCL), most approaches eradicate polymerase chain reaction (PCR);-detectable disease in only a fraction of harvests undergoing ex vivo manipulation. In this study we evaluated whether there is a relationship between tumor burden of stem cell harvests and successful clearance of PCR-detectable disease following ex vivo manipulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address this issue, we developed a real-time PCR approach for quantitative measurement of tumor contamination using the bcl-2 rearrangement. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the relationship between tumor burden of stem-cell harvests and purging effectiveness in PCR(+) samples derived from 10 FCL patients. Ex vivo purging was performed using the MaxSep cell separator (Baxter Immunotherapy, Deerfield, IL, USA). RESULTS Our real-time PCR method proved effective, sensitive, accurate, and reproducible. Four collections were successfully cleared of minimal residual disease (MRD) whereas six remained PCR(+). Real-time PCR showed that the four collections successfully cleared of MRD had a prepurging tumor burden significantly lower than those remaining PCR(+) (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that evaluation of tumor burden in stem-cell harvests by real-time PCR can predict the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Based on these findings, we foresee a more widespread use of this technique to evaluate the impact of different therapeutic approaches in FCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ladetto
- Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy.
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Willeit J, Kiechl S, Oberhollenzer F, Rungger G, Egger G, Bonora E, Mitterer M, Muggeo M. Distinct risk profiles of early and advanced atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:529-37. [PMID: 10669653 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.2.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most epidemiological surveys on risk factors of atherosclerosis were cross-sectional in design and did not consider the existence of pathologically distinct processes. The Bruneck Study is a prospective survey in the general community (age range, 40 to 79 years). The baseline examination and first reevaluation were performed in the summers of 1990 and 1995 (participation, 92%; follow-up, 96%). Carotid atherosclerosis was monitored with high-resolution duplex ultrasound. Early (incidence and/or extension of nonstenotic lesions) and advanced (incidence and/or progression of stenosis >40%) stages of atherogenesis were differentiated. The risk profile of early atherogenesis consists of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking (pack-years), supplemented by a variety of less well-established risk conditions, including high body iron stores, hypothyroidism, microalbuminuria, and high alcohol consumption. In contrast, the risk profile of advanced atherogenesis includes markers of enhanced prothrombotic capacity, attenuated fibrinolysis, and clinical conditions known to interfere with coagulation: high fibrinogen, low antithrombin, factor V Leiden mutation, lipoprotein(a) >0.32 g/L, high platelet count, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. Hyperlipidemia and hypertension were of only minor relevance. These findings, along with the epidemiological features of advanced atherogenesis and emergence of an elevated fibrin turnover, suggest atherothrombosis to be a key mechanism in the development of advanced stenotic atherosclerosis. Supplementary 6-category logistic regression models illustrate the changing association between major risk predictors and atherosclerosis of increasing severity and substantiate appropriateness of the 40% threshold applied for the definition of advanced stenotic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a heterogeneous process that subsumes etiologically and epidemiologically distinct disease entities. The multifactorial etiology of atherosclerosis, which goes far beyond the traditional risk factors, has not yet achieved adequate attention in clinical practice and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck University Clinic, Austria.
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22
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Jumaa H, Wollscheid B, Mitterer M, Wienands J, Reth M, Nielsen PJ. Abnormal development and function of B lymphocytes in mice deficient for the signaling adaptor protein SLP-65. Immunity 1999; 11:547-54. [PMID: 10591180 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During signal transduction through the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), several signaling elements are brought together by the adaptor protein SLP-65. We have investigated the role of SLP-65 in B cell maturation and function in mice deficient for SLP-65. While the mice are viable, B cell development is affected at several stages. SLP-65-deficient mice show increased proportions of pre-B cells in the bone marrow and immature B cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. B1 B cells are lacking. The mice show lower IgM and IgG3 serum titers and poor IgM but normal IgG immune responses. Mutant B cells show reduced Ca2+ mobilization and reduced proliferative responses to B cell mitogens. We conclude that while playing an important role, SLP-65 is not always required for signaling from the BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jumaa
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Mitterer M, Oduncu F, Lanthaler AJ, Drexler E, Amaddii G, Fabris P, Emmerich B, Coser P, Straka C. The relationship between monoclonal myeloma precursor B cells in the peripheral blood stem cell harvests and the clinical response of multiple myeloma patients. Br J Haematol 1999; 106:737-43. [PMID: 10468867 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of monoclonal myeloma precursor B cells in peripheral blood stem cell harvests and to investigate their role in the clinical outcome of multiple myeloma patients. A total of 39 multiple myeloma patients were treated with a sequential therapy including double high-dose melphalan therapy followed by a double transplant procedure. The apheresis products for the second transplant were purged using a panel of four or five different mouse monoclonal antibodies against B-cell antigens (CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22 and CD37). In 19/39 patients a tumour-specific CDR III signal was identified in the diagnostic bone marrow. Gene scan analysis after CDR III PCR of the magnetic bead isolated B-cell fraction from the apheresis products in these 19 patients revealed three different patterns: 32% of patients had a predominantly monoclonal B-cell population; 63% of patients had an identifiable monoclonal signal within an oligoclonal B-cell population. In only 1/19 patients were no monoclonal B cells identified in the B-cell population of the apheresis product. A correlation between the clonal pattern and the clinical response after sequential chemotherapy was found. Patients with a predominance of monoclonal myeloma or myeloma precursor B cells had an early relapse or achieved a minimal response or a partial remission. Patients with an oligo- and/or polyclonal pattern achieved a high percentage of partial as well as complete remissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
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24
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Mitterer M, Lanthaler AJ, Mair W, Giacomuzzi K, Coser P. Simultaneous detection of FV Q506 and prothrombin 20210 A variation by allele-specific PCR. Haematologica 1999; 84:204-7. [PMID: 10189382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Factor V Leiden is the most important risk factor for hereditary thromboembolism, whereas the mutation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene seems to be only a mild risk factor for thrombotic events. On the other hand the factor V mutation (Arg 506) is frequently coinherited with the prothrombin 3'-untranslated region G20210A variant and there is increasing evidence that the co-segregated prothrombin variant is an additional risk factor for venous thromboembolism, contributing to thrombotic manifestations. A rapid, simple and cost-effective screening method is, therefore, required for the detection of both factor V Leiden and the prothrombin variant A20210G. DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. Forty-four had a previously identified factor V and/or prothrombin mutation, the remaining 44 patients served as negative controls. A multiplex allele specific oligonucleotide PCR was established for the simultaneous detection of the two genetic risk factors for thrombophilia. To test the specificity of the simultaneous ASO PCR approach, the mutated and physiological factor V and prothrombin amplification products were sequenced. RESULTS The factor V Leiden mutation and the prothrombin variant were correctly identified in all of 44 patients with known mutations. Furthermore the test was able to detect the mutated factor V and the II variant alone, as well as in the cosegregated pattern. Five patients with a homozygous pattern of factor V Leiden or prothrombin variant were also correctly identified. The sensitivity of the test is therefore 100%. In none of the 44 control cases were false positive results seen. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS The ASO PCR test is a rapid, simple and cost-effective screening test for thrombophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, L. Boehlerstrasse Nr. 5, I-39031 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy.
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25
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Kiechl S, Muigg A, Santer P, Mitterer M, Egger G, Oberhollenzer M, Oberhollenzer F, Mayr A, Gasperi A, Poewe W, Willeit J. Poor response to activated protein C as a prominent risk predictor of advanced atherosclerosis and arterial disease. Circulation 1999; 99:614-9. [PMID: 9950657 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.5.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential role of activated protein C (APC) resistance in arterial thrombosis and disease is a matter of ongoing controversy. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present population-based survey, a random sample of 826 men and women underwent high-resolution duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid and femoral arteries. Response to APC was expressed in APC ratios. Subjects were tested for the factor V Leiden mutation. The risk of carotid stenosis increased gradually with decreasing response to APC (adjusted OR [95% CI] for a 1-U decrease of response to APC, 1.6 [1. 2 to 2.2]), as did the risk of femoral artery stenosis (1.7 [1.3 to 2.3]) and prevalent cardiovascular disease (1.4 [1.1 to 2.0]). The association between low APC ratio and atherosclerotic vascular disease applied equally to subjects with the factor V Leiden mutation and those without. Our study identified various nongenetic determinants of poor response to APC in the general population, including behavioral, hormonal, and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed an independent and gradual association between low response to APC and both advanced atherosclerosis (stenosis) and arterial disease. Resistance to APC due to factor V Leiden mutation was only one facet of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck University Clinic, Innsbruck, Austria.
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26
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Mitterer M, Pescosta N, McQuain C, Gebert U, Oberkofler F, Coser P, Knecht H. Epstein-Barr virus related hemophagocytic syndrome in a T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 1999; 10:231-4. [PMID: 10093694 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008212516595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with an EBV related hemophagocytic syndrome. After a few months she developed a T-cell rich B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with liver involvement. Serological data demonstrated a reactivation of the EBV infection. Tumor progression with liver involvement occurred during treatment with conventional chemotherapy. Tumor reduction and disappearance of all masses was seen after starting high-dose sequential chemotherapy, followed by an autologous peripheral blood progenitor transplantation LMP-1 could be amplified in the tumor material by PCR technology, but no LMP-1 expression could be found in the few malignant B-cells with Reed-Sternberg morphology. Sequence analysis of the carboxy terminal of the LMP-1 region revealed the naturally occurring 30 bp deletion variant of the LMP-1 with multiple point mutations within the NF kb region. Since LMP-1 was not expressed in the malignant tumor cells, no evidence could be found, that EBV participated in the tumorigenesis of this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Bozen, Italy.
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27
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Mitterer M, Mair W, Gatti D, Sheldon J, Vachula M, Coser P, Schultz TF. Dendritic cells derived from bone marrow and CD34+ selected blood progenitor cells of myeloma patients, cultured in serum-free media, do not contain the Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus genome. Br J Haematol 1998; 102:1338-40. [PMID: 9753067 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to test if dendritic cells contain the KSHV genome. CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in X-VIVO 15 medium supplemented with GM-CSF and TNF-alpha in gas-permeable containers. Dendritic cells were identified morphologically and immunophenotypically. The KSHV genome was not identified in any of the cases using a nested primer PCR approach. Serological analysis corroborated the molecular findings: no antibodies for KSHV were found in any of the multiple myeloma patients. These data are of importance when considering use of DC for therapeutic approaches in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
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28
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Larcher C, McQuain C, Berger C, Mitterer M, Quesenberry PJ, Huemer HP, Knecht H. Epstein-Barr virus-associated persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with a distinct 69-base pair deletion in the LMP1 oncogene. Ann Hematol 1997; 74:23-8. [PMID: 9031611 DOI: 10.1007/s002770050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes have been detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL). This is consistent with the hypothesis that latent EBV infection is involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Two EBV-encoded proteins expressed in viral latency are the latent membrane proteins 1 and 2A (LMP1 and LMP2A). We have studied the LMP1 oncogene and the LMP2A gene in a female patient with PPBL and her five siblings. A cell line derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of the patient was also analyzed. A distinct 69-base pair deletion was identified within the carboxy terminal NF-kappa B activation domain of the LMP1 oncogene in PBL of the patient and in the cell line, whereas none of the siblings harbored this deletion. The tyrosine-signaling motif and the HLA A2.1 epitope of the LMP2A gene were wild type in the patient and all siblings. The presence of a 69-base pair deletion variant of the LMP1 oncogene within the lymphocytes of a PPBL patient but absence of this deletion variant in the unaffected siblings suggests a direct implication of altered LMP1 oncoprotein-dependent function in the pathogenesis of PPBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larcher
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Jäger M, Prang N, Mitterer M, Larcher C, Huemer HP, Reischl U, Wolf H, Schwarzmann F. Pathogenesis of chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection: detection of a virus strain with a high rate of lytic replication. Br J Haematol 1996; 95:626-36. [PMID: 8982037 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In rare cases Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) leads to chronic active infection (CAEBV) which is characterized by persistant symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. Previously we described a case of persisting polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) that was associated with CAEBV. Using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction we showed that in late passages of a spontaneous cell line, SM, latent EB viral genes such as EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3A/3B/ 3C, LMP1 and LMP2A were active. The master gene of the lytic cycle, BZLF1, was silent. This indicated that there was no general defect in immortalization and establishing latency by this CAEBV isolate SM. We obtained virus from the standard immortalizing strain B95-8 and the CAEBV strain SM from latently infected LCL quantified the number of virus particles by competitive PCR and demonstrated that the impaired capacity to immortalize umbilical cord blood lymphocytes was a virus strain-specific property, and was not due to an incapability to infect purified CD19+ B lymphocytes. Transcription of latency- and immortalization-associated genes such as EBNA1, EBNA2 and LMP2A was reduced, in contrast to a strongly enhanced activity of the master gene of the lytic cycle, BZLF1. A scenario for an antagonistic regulation of lytic and latent cycle genes is presented and a role for the pathogenesis of CAEBV is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jäger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Mitterer M, Hirber J, Gentilini I, Prinoth O, Fabris P, Emmerich B, Coser P, Straka C. Target value tailored (TVT) apheresis approach for blood progenitor cell collection after high-dose chemotherapy and rh-G-CSF. Bone Marrow Transplant 1996; 18:611-7. [PMID: 8879626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight patients with different hematological diseases (17 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one Hodgkin's disease and 10 multiple myeloma) underwent peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection after cyclophosphamide 7 g/m2 and rh-G-CSF. Fifty-eight leukaphereses were carried out with a fully automated PBPC collection procedure. Progenitor cell release was monitored by standardized determination of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood. After a profound aplasia, a continuous increase in CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood was seen for at least 3-4 days. In 82% of our patients more than 2.5 x 10(6) CD34/kg could be collected using a standard apheresis of 10 l. There was a high correlation between the CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood and CD34+ cells/kg harvested. (r2 = 0.91). A relatively constant ratio (median 14.3, range 3.2-22.6) was found between CD34+ cells/kg and CFU-GM/kg. Based on the CD34 values of the pre-apheresis blood and the body weight of an individual patient and using the mathematical model of regression analysis (y = mx + b) for the correlation between the CD34+ cells/microliter in the pre-apheresis blood and the CD34+ cells/kg, it was possible to create a formula allowing for target value tailored apheresis. Using this formula, the blood volume which needs to be processed in order to harvest a desired number of CD34+ cells/kg can be calculated. This strategy can be applied to reduce the time for and the number of aphereses. Nineteen leukaphereses were carried out applying the formula. In 18 of 19 leukaphereses the expected CD34+/kg values were correctly achieved or exceeded. The formula was most reliable when the CD34 value was higher than 15/microliter and when the WBC count was below 20 x 10(9)/l in the pre-apheresis blood. For mobilizations using hematopoietic growth factors alone our formula is not applicable, because in most cases the pre-apheresis white blood cell count is higher than 20 x 10(9)/l and the collection efficacy of lymphomonocytoid cells decreases with a high pre-apheresis white blood cell count. The formula also works with other mobilization regimens that induce a pronounced aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Blood Transfusion Center, Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
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31
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Mitterer M, Pescosta N, Fend F, Larcher C, Prang N, Schwarzmann F, Coser P, Huemer HP. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease in a case of persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Br J Haematol 1995; 90:526-31. [PMID: 7646989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) is a rare haematological disorder. It is characterized by activated and morphologically atypical B lymphocytes and polyclonal IgM production and has been associated with female sex, cigarette smoking, and HLA-DR7 expression. We report a case of PPBL with intermitting symptoms compatible with a chronic fatigue syndrome, recurrent erythema nodosum and multiforme. Serological findings suggested a chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Messenger RNA of EBV immediate early gene transactivation BZLF1 was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes by reverse transcriptase PCR indicating a persistent replication of the virus. Over 2 years of observation we detected varying numbers of atypical lymphocytes. These cells hybridized with a probe specific for the EBV internal repeat region (BamHI W) which indicates a productive infection. Of interest, no reaction was observed with a probe specific for the latency-associated small RNAs (EBERs). The immunological phenotype of the polyclonal B cells was similar to B-cell lines immortalized by EBV in vitro, expressing a number of activation molecules (CD23, CD25, CD54) and the bcl-2 protein. In summary, our findings suggest that persistent EBV replication might be crucial in the development of lymphoproliferative disorders such as PPBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitterer
- Department of Haematology, General Hospital, Bozen, Italy
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Larcher C, Fend F, Mitterer M, Prang N, Schwarzmann F, Huemer HP. Role of Epstein-Barr virus and soluble CD21 in persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Br J Haematol 1995; 90:532-40. [PMID: 7646990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The expression of EBV proteins and immunological properties were studied in the first stable cell line (SM) established from a patient presenting with persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL). SM cells which represent a small population of EBV-positive atypical cells found in the peripheral blood of the patient express the KI-1 antigen (CD30) as well as the proto-oncogene bcl-2 product and cell surface markers of mature activated B lymphocytes. The cells harbour an EBV subtype A genome and contain EBNA2 protein. This argues against a transformation-incompetent virus as the main cause of the chronic active EBV infection observed in our patient. Latent membrane protein (LMP1) was weakly expressed and found predominantly in a perinuclear localization, a location which could lead to decreased immunogenicity in vivo. Similar to the EBV-transformed marmoset cell line B95-8, SM cells were in part productively infected as transcription of the immediate early gene BZLF1 could be shown and in some cells high levels of EBV-genome were detected by in situ hybridization with a BamH1 W-probe. Comparable to the atypical cells in the peripheral blood of the patient. EBV small RNAs were not detected with EBER-specific probes. Of interest, we noticed a markedly increased production of soluble CD21 (sCD21) antigen by SM cells as compared to LCL-type Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. This could explain the elevated sCD21 levels observed in the serum of our PPBL patient and confirms our previous findings in patients with acute EBV infection. It also suggests a possible role of sCD21 in EBV-mediated regulation of the immune response and provides a possible explanation for the dysregulation of the humoral immune system observed in PPBl patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larcher
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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33
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Straka C, Drexler E, Mitterer M, Langenmayer I, Pfefferkorn L, Stade B, Koll R, Emmerich B. Autotransplantation of B-cell purged peripheral blood progenitor cells in B-cell lymphoma. Lancet 1995; 345:797-8. [PMID: 7891509 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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34
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Mitterer M, Pescosta N, Vogetseder W, Mair M, Coser P. Two episodes of aseptic meningitis during intravenous immunoglobulin therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Hematol 1993; 67:151-2. [PMID: 8373906 DOI: 10.1007/bf01701743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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35
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Abstract
In this study we established a novel solid-phase immunoassay for CD21 using the time-resolved fluorescence of lanthanide chelates. The capture assay was able to detect concentrations of as low as 100 pg of CD21 antigen per millilitre of sample and was used for quantitative determination of CD21 in lysates of different cell lines as well as in patient serum specimens. CD21 was measured in lysates of tonsils and cell lines of B, T cell and myelomonocyte lineage, and appeared to consist of monomeric antigen under the detergent conditions used. Elevated levels of soluble CD21 were observed in serum of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, a disease known to be associated with polyclonal B cell activation, and in infection with the lymphotropic rubella virus. Significantly increased levels were also found in malignancies which are associated with EBV. In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a correlation with the titre of EBV-specific IgA was observed, thus supporting a possible role of soluble CD21 as a marker for disease activity in certain malignancies. Our data suggest that measurement of soluble CD21 could serve as a marker for activation of the immune system and diseases involving the B cell lymphoid system. Possible mechanisms and functions of soluble CD21 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Huemer
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Vogetseder W, Feichtinger H, Schulz TF, Schwaeble W, Tabaczewski P, Mitterer M, Böck G, Marth C, Dapunt O, Mikuz G. Expression of 7F7-antigen, a human adhesion molecule identical to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human carcinomas and their stromal fibroblasts. Int J Cancer 1989; 43:768-73. [PMID: 2654024 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910430504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The 7F7-antigen is a widespread 85-kDa membrane adherence molecule involved in heterotypic adhesion between PHA-blasts and fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence analysis of COS cells transfected with clone pICAM-I indicated that 7F7-antigen is identical with ICAM-I, the ligand for the contact molecule LFA-I. We have investigated the expression of ICAM-I on several human carcinomas. Tumor cells in most carcinomas, with the exception of squamous-cell carcinomas, expressed very little ICAM-I or none at all. In contrast, marked expression of this molecule was observed on fibrous tissue in the vicinity of carcinoma cells, its intensity correlating with lymphatic infiltration in these tumors. We also examined the expression of ICAM-I on carcinoma cell lines and its induction by treatment with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The inducibility of ICAM-I expression on cultured fibroblasts by several lymphokines suggests that the expression of ICAM-I in the vicinity of carcinoma cells is effected by lymphokines produced by activated lymphocytes/macrophages within the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vogetseder
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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37
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Schulz TF, Vogetseder W, Mitterer M, Neumayer HP, Myones BL, Stauder R, Greil R, Böck G, Feichtinger H, Huber H. Importance of an 85 kDa membrane glycoprotein for a variety of cell-cell interactions. Mol Immunol 1988; 25:1053-61. [PMID: 2464758 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(88)90137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The membrane molecule termed "7F7-antigen" has been found to be involved in several examples of cell-cell interactions. This 85 kDa glycoprotein with a protein core of about 55 kDa contains N-linked and O-linked carbohydrates. It has an isoelectric point of 8.0-8.5 and is expressed on 20% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 35% of peripheral blood B-cells, follicular dendritic cells and vascular endothelium. It is also expressed on activated T-cells and its expression on B-cells, fibroblasts and monocytes increases after treatment with PWM, interferon-gamma and after three days culture, respectively. The MAb 7F7 used to define this antigen inhibits the initiation of T-cell proliferation induced by anti-CD3, PHA, ConA and (weakly) allogenic stimulator cells, but does not affect the growth of IL-2 dependent T-cells and does not interfere with the killing of PHA-blasts by allogenic IL-2 dependent T-cells. 7F7 also inhibits the binding of C3-coated sheep erythrocytes to B-cells, the PMA-induced aggregation of U937 and the binding of activated T-cells to fibroblasts. The 7F7-antigen is expressed on some non-Hodgkin lymphomas of B-cell differentiation, particularly those with follicular structure, but not on Burkitt's lymphoma, ALL or carcinomas of various tissues. It is, however, found on fibrous tissue surrounding infiltrating carcinoma cells. The expression of a melanoma antigen, P3.58, which was shown to be identical to 7F7-antigen correlates with stage and spread of invasive melanoma. It was concluded that the 7F7-antigen, which is probably related to a previously described adherence molecule (ICAM-1), is of biological importance for the initiation of T-cell responses. With the possible exception of melanoma its expression on neoplastic cells in vivo is unlikely to be of importance for the spread of malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Schulz
- Institute for Hygiene, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schulz TF, Mitterer M, Neumayer HP, Vogetseder W, Dierich MP. Involvement in the initiation of T cell responses and structural features of an 85-kDa membrane activation antigen. Eur J Immunol 1988; 18:1253-8. [PMID: 2970971 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830180816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody, 7F7, directed at a recently described membrane activation antigen of 85 kDa was found to inhibit the T cell proliferation induced by an anti-CD3 antibody, phytohemagglutinin A and concanavalin A. The T cell response to allogenic stimulator cells was also weakly inhibited. The inhibition of these T cell responses was only obtained if the antibody was added within the first 8 h (first 24 h in the case of the concanavalin A response) of culture. In addition the antibody inhibited the formation of cellular aggregates seen in stimulated cultures when added within the first 8 h. The membrane glycoprotein recognized by 7F7 is shown to have a slightly different molecular mass on cells of different lineage, a protein core of 55 kDa and to contain 30-50% of N-linked as well as a small amount of O-linked carbohydrates and sialic acid residues. This study suggests that the highly glycosylated membrane activation antigen defined by antibody 7F7 could contribute to the contact between those cells which are involved in the initiation of T cell responses.
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Schulz TF, Vogetseder W, Mitterer M, Böck G, Johnson JP, Dierich MP. Individual epitopes of an 85,000 MW membrane adherence molecule are variably expressed on cells of different lineage. Immunology 1988; 64:581-6. [PMID: 2459048 PMCID: PMC1384976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently reported 85,000 MW membrane activation antigen, provisionally termed 7F7 antigen, is involved in the initiation of T-cell responses, in the binding of C3b-coated sheep erythrocytes to B cells and in the phorbol ester-induced aggregation of U937, suggesting that it represents a membrane molecule important for cell-cell adherence. Three new monoclonal antibodies were raised against the purified antigen and used to examine the expression of individual epitopes on cells of different lineage. All antibodies reacted with the purified membrane antigen on Western blots. Antibodies 7G2 and 7C6 reacted only weakly with activated T cells, although the 85,000 MW 7F7 antigen is recognized on T cells by antibodies 7F7 and 8B9. Whereas 7F7 and 8B9 inhibit the phorbol ester-induced aggregation of U937 and the attachment of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T cells to fibroblasts, antibody 7G2 was without inhibitory effect. Four antibodies raised against the P3.58 glycoprotein, a melanoma-associated antigen with biochemical features similar to the 7F7 antigen were shown to react with the purified 7F7 antigen on Western blots. These four antibodies also failed to react with activated T cells. In addition, 7F7 bound to a L cell transfectant prepared with human chromosomal DNA which expressed the P3.58 antigen. The results indicate that the 7F7 antigen and the P3.58 melanoma antigen are identical, that some epitopes of this adherence molecule are differentially expressed on individual cell types and that one epitope, which is only weakly expressed on activated T cells, does not contribute to the role of the 7F7 antigen in some examples of cell-cell adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Schulz
- Institute for Hygiene, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schulz TF, Mitterer M, Vogetseder W, Böck G, Myones BL, Dierich MP. Identification and characterization of a novel membrane activation antigen with wide cellular distribution. Eur J Immunol 1988; 18:7-11. [PMID: 2831065 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830180103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody, 7F7, raised against the Raji B lymphoblastoid cell line reacted with about 35% of peripheral blood B cells, germinal center B cells, follicular dendritic cells and some vascular endothelial cells. Although not found on resting T cells this antigen was strongly expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated with phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and anti-T3, and its expression on B cells was enhanced after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. It is strongly expressed 24 h after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and its expression is reduced but not eliminated by cyclosporin A treatment. The molecule defined by antibody 7F7 is found on some, but not all, B cell lines, on an HTLV-I-transformed T cell line and on the promyelocytic cell line U937. Immunoprecipitation from externally and metabolically labeled Raji cells revealed a single-chain molecule of 85 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Schulz
- Institute for Hygiene, Innsbruck, Austria
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