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Zhao Z, Nian B, Lei Y, Zhao L, Hedhili MN, Guo D, Shi Z, Zhao W, El-Demellawi JK, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Xu K, Alshareef HN. Passivation Layers in Mg-metal Batteries: Robust Interphases for Li-metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2024:e2402626. [PMID: 38781603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In advanced batteries, interphases serve as the key component in stabilizing the electrolyte with reactive electrode materials far beyond thermodynamic equilibria. While an active interphase facilitates the transport of working ions, an inactive interphase obstructs ion flow, constituting the primary barrier to the realization of battery chemistries. Here, we present a successful transformation of a traditionally inactive passivating layer on Mg-metal anode, characteristic of Mg-metal batteries (MMBs) with typical carbonate electrolytes, into an active and robust interphase in the Li-metal scenario. By further strategically designing magnesiated Li+ electrolytes, we induce the in-situ development of this resilient interphase on Li-metal anodes, imparting enduring stability to Li-metal batteries (LMBs) with nickel-rich cathodes. We identify that the strong affinity between Mg2+ and anions in magnesiated Li+ electrolytes assembles ionic clusters with a bias for reducibility, thereby catalyzing the creation of anion-derived interphases rich in inorganic constituents. The prevalence of ionic clusters induced by magnesiation of electrolytes brought properties only available in high-concentration electrolytes, suggesting a fresh paradigm of tailing electrolytes for highly reversible LMBs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Binbin Nian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zixiong Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K El-Demellawi
- KAUST Upstream Research Center (KURC), EXPEC-ARC, Saudi Aramco, Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunpei Zhu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kang Xu
- SES AI Corp., Woburn, MA, 01801, United States
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 239556900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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2
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Xu X, Zhang C, Yin J, Smajic J, Bahabri M, Lei Y, Hedhili MN, Hota MK, Shi L, Guo T, Zheng D, El-Demellawi JK, Lanza M, Costa PMFJ, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF, Zhang X, Alshareef HN. Correction to "Anisotropic Superconducting Nb 2CT x MXene Processed by Atomic Exchange at the Wafer Scale". Adv Mater 2024:e2405648. [PMID: 38767496 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
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3
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Alrais L, Maksoud WA, Werghi B, Bendjeriou-Sedjerari A, Abou-Hamad E, Hedhili MN, Basset JM. A strategy for high ethylene polymerization performance using titanium single-site catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12503-12506. [PMID: 37786920 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of heterogeneous Ti(IV)-based catalysts for ethylene polymerization following surface organometallic chemistry concepts is described. The unique feature of this catalyst arises from the silica support, KCC-1700. It has (i) a 3D fibrous morphology that is essential to improve the diffusion of the reactants, and (ii) an aluminum-bound hydroxyl group, [(Si-O-Si)(Si-O-)2Al-OH] 2, used as an anchoring site. The [(Si-O-Si)(Si-O-)(Al-O-)TiNp3] 3 catalyst was obtained by reacting 2 with a tetrakis-(neopentyl) titanium TiNp4. The structure of 3 was fully characterized by FT-IR, advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy [1H, 13C], elemental and gas-phase analysis (ICP-OES and CHNS analysis), and XPS. The benefits of combining these morphological (3D structure) and electronic properties of the support (aluminum plus titanium) were evidenced in ethylene polymerization. The results show a remarkable enhancement in the catalytic performance with the formation of HDPE. Notably, the resulting HDPE displays a molecular weight of 3 200 000 g mol-1 associated with a polydispersity index (PD) of 2.3. Moreover, the effect of the mesostructure (2D vs. 3D) was demonstrated in the catalytic activity for ethylene polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujain Alrais
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Al Maksoud
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa Werghi
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anissa Bendjeriou-Sedjerari
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- ENSCP and IRCP-UMR CNRS 8247 ChimieParisTech, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Cedex 05, PARIS 75231, France
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Bayhan Z, El-Demellawi JK, Yin J, Khan Y, Lei Y, Alhajji E, Wang Q, Hedhili MN, Alshareef HN. A Laser-Induced Mo 2 CT x MXene Hybrid Anode for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries. Small 2023; 19:e2208253. [PMID: 37183297 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
MXenes, a fast-growing family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, are promising for electronics and energy storage applications. Mo2 CTx MXene, in particular, has demonstrated a higher capacity than other MXenes as an anode for Li-ion batteries. Yet, such enhanced capacity is accompanied by slow kinetics and poor cycling stability. Herein, it is revealed that the unstable cycling performance of Mo2 CTx is attributed to the partial oxidation into MoOx with structural degradation. A laser-induced Mo2 CTx /Mo2 C (LS-Mo2 CTx ) hybrid anode has been developed, of which the Mo2 C nanodots boost redox kinetics, and the laser-reduced oxygen content prevents the structural degradation caused by oxidation. Meanwhile, the strong connections between the laser-induced Mo2 C nanodots and Mo2 CTx nanosheets enhance conductivity and stabilize the structure during charge-discharge cycling. The as-prepared LS-Mo2 CTx anode exhibits an enhanced capacity of 340 mAh g-1 vs 83 mAh g-1 (for pristine) and an improved cycling stability (capacity retention of 106.2% vs 80.6% for pristine) over 1000 cycles. The laser-induced synthesis approach underlines the potential of MXene-based hybrid materials for high-performance energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bayhan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K El-Demellawi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Upstream Research Center (KURC), EXPEC Advanced Research Center (ARC), Saudi Aramco, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian Yin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alhajji
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingxiao Wang
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Alwadai N, Alharbi Z, Alreshidi F, Mitra S, Xin B, Alamoudi H, Upadhyaya K, Hedhili MN, Roqan IS. Enhanced Photoresponsivity UV-C Photodetectors Using a p-n Junction Based on Ultra-Wide-Band Gap Sn-Doped β-Ga 2O 3 Microflake/MnO Quantum Dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12127-12136. [PMID: 36808944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solar-blind self-powered UV-C photodetectors suffer from low performance, while heterostructure-based devices require complex fabrication and lack p-type wide band gap semiconductors (WBGSs) operating in the UV-C region (<290 nm). In this work, we mitigate the aforementioned issues by demonstrating a facile fabrication process for a high-responsivity solar-blind self-powered UV-C photodetector based on a p-n WBGS heterojunction structure, operating under ambient conditions. Here, heterojunction structures based on p-type and n-type ultra-wide band gap WBGSs (i.e. both are characterized by energy gap ≥4.5 eV) are demonstrated for the first time; mainly p-type solution-processed manganese oxide quantum dots (MnO QDs) and n-type Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 microflakes. Highly crystalline p-type MnO QDs are synthesized using cost-effective and facile pulsed femtosecond laser ablation in ethanol (FLAL), while the n-type Ga2O3 microflakes are prepared by exfoliation. The solution-processed QDs are uniformly dropcasted on the exfoliated Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 microflakes to fabricate a p-n heterojunction photodetector, resulting in excellent solar-blind UV-C photoresponse characteristics (with a cutoff at ∼265 nm) being demonstrated. Further analyses using XPS demonstrate the good band alignment between p-type MnO QDs and n-type β-Ga2O3 microflakes with a type-II heterojunction. Superior photoresponsivity (922 A/W) is obtained under bias, while the self-powered responsivity is ∼86.9 mA/W. The fabrication strategy adopted in this study will provide a cost-effective means for the development of flexible and highly efficient UV-C devices suitable for energy-saving large-scale fixable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alwadai
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohoor Alharbi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alreshidi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somak Mitra
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Xin
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alamoudi
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kishor Upadhyaya
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Nanofabrication Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman S Roqan
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao Z, Lei Y, Shi L, Tian Z, Hedhili MN, Khan Y, Alshareef HN. A 2.75 V ammonium-based dual-ion battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212941. [PMID: 36282179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The popular metal-ion batteries (MIBs) suffer from environmental and economic issues because of their heavy dependency on nonrenewable metals. Here, we propose a metal-free ammonium (NH4 + )-based dual-ion battery with a record-breaking operation voltage of 2.75 V. The working mechanism of this sustainable battery involves the reversible anion (PF6 - ) intercalation chemistry in graphite cathode and NH4 + intercalation behavior in PTCDI (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide) anode. This new battery configuration successfully circumvented the reduction susceptibility of NH4 + and the lack of mature NH4 + -rich cathodes for NH4 + ion batteries (AIBs). The customized organic NH4 + electrolyte endows the graphite||PTCDI full battery with durable longevity (over 1000 cycles) and a high energy density (200 Wh kg-1 ). We show that the development of AIBs should be high-voltage-oriented while circumventing low operation potential to avoid NH4 + reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongjiu Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhengnan Tian
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Rai RK, Al Maksoud W, Morlanés N, Harb M, Ahmad R, Genovese A, Hedhili MN, Cavallo L, Basset JM. Iron–Cobalt-Based Materials: An Efficient Bimetallic Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis at Low Temperatures. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit K. Rai
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Al Maksoud
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natalia Morlanés
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moussab Harb
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafia Ahmad
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessandro Genovese
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Lee KJ, Merdad NA, Maity P, El-Demellawi JK, Lui Z, Sinatra L, Zhumekenov AA, Hedhili MN, Min JW, Min JH, Gutiérrez-Arzaluz L, Anjum DH, Wei N, Ooi BS, Alshareef HN, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM. Engineering Band-Type Alignment in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite-Based Artificial Multiple Quantum Wells. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2005166. [PMID: 33759267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor heterostructures of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have major applications in optoelectronics. However, for halide perovskites-the leading class of emerging semiconductors-building a variety of bandgap alignments (i.e., band-types) in MQWs is not yet realized owing to the limitations of the current set of used barrier materials. Here, artificial perovskite-based MQWs using 2,2',2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole), tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum, and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline as quantum barrier materials are introduced. The structures of three different five-stacked perovskite-based MQWs each exhibiting a different band offset with CsPbBr3 in the conduction and valence bands, resulting in a variety of MQW band alignments, i.e., type-I or type-II structures, are shown. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the disparity in charge carrier dynamics between type-I and type-II MQWs. Photodiodes of each type of perovskite artificial MQWs show entirely different carrier behaviors and photoresponse characteristics. Compared with bulk perovskite devices, type-II MQW photodiodes demonstrate a more than tenfold increase in the rectification ratio. The findings open new opportunities for producing halide-perovskite-based quantum devices by bandgap engineering using simple quantum barrier considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jae Lee
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor A Merdad
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Partha Maity
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K El-Demellawi
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhixiong Lui
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lutfan Sinatra
- Quantum Solutions LLC, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayan A Zhumekenov
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jung-Wook Min
- Photonics Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jung-Hong Min
- Photonics Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Arzaluz
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nini Wei
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S Ooi
- Photonics Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al Maksoud W, Rai RK, Morlanés N, Harb M, Ahmad R, Ould-Chikh S, Anjum D, Hedhili MN, Al-Sabban BE, Albahily K, Cavallo L, Basset JM. Active and stable Fe-based catalyst, mechanism, and key role of alkali promoters in ammonia synthesis. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Yang X, Lin Y, Liu J, Liu W, Bi Q, Song X, Kang J, Xu F, Xu L, Hedhili MN, Baran D, Zhang X, Anthopoulos TD, De Wolf S. A Highly Conductive Titanium Oxynitride Electron-Selective Contact for Efficient Photovoltaic Devices. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2002608. [PMID: 32613655 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-quality carrier-selective contacts with suitable electronic properties are a prerequisite for photovoltaic devices with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, an efficient electron-selective contact, titanium oxynitride (TiOx Ny ), is developed for crystalline silicon (c-Si) and organic photovoltaic devices. Atomic-layer-deposited TiOx Ny is demonstrated to be highly conductive with a proper work function (4.3 eV) and a wide bandgap (3.4 eV). Thin TiOx Ny films simultaneously provide a moderate surface passivation and enable a low contact resistivity on c-Si surfaces. By implementation of an optimal TiOx Ny -based contact, a state-of-the-art PCE of 22.3% is achieved for a c-Si solar cell featuring a full-area dopant-free electron-selective contact. Simultaneously, conductive TiOx Ny is proven to be an efficient electron-transport layer for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. A remarkably high PCE of 17.02% is achieved for an OPV device with an electron-transport TiOx Ny layer, which is superior to conventional ZnO-based devices with a PCE of 16.10%. Atomic-layer-deposited TiOx Ny ETL on a large area with a high uniformity may help accelerate the commercialization of emerging solar technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiang Liu
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenzhu Liu
- Research Center for New Energy Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiading, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Qunyu Bi
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Song
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jingxuan Kang
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuzong Xu
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujia Xu
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- KAUST Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Al Ghaithi AO, Aravindh SA, Hedhili MN, Ng TK, Ooi BS, Najar A. Optical Properties and First-Principles Study of CH 3NH 3PbBr 3 Perovskite Structures. ACS Omega 2020; 5:12313-12319. [PMID: 32548414 PMCID: PMC7271361 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted attention as light-harvesting materials for solar cells and photonic applications. The present study focuses on cubic single crystals and microstructures of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite fabricated by a one-step solution-based self-assembly method. It is seen that, in addition to the nucleation from the precursor solution, crystallization occurs when the solution is supersaturated, followed by the formation of a small nucleus of CH3NH3PbBr3 that self-assembles into bigger hollow cubes. A three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence microscopy investigation of hollow cubes confirmed the formation of hollow plates on the bottom; then, the growth starts from the perimeter and propagates to the center of the cube. Furthermore, the growth in the (001) direction follows a layer-by-layer growth model to form a complete cube, confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) observations. Two-dimensional (2D)-3D fluorescence microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) measurements confirm a peak emission at 535 nm. To get more insights into the structural and optical properties, density functional theory (DFT) simulations were conducted. The electronic and optical properties calculated by DFT are in agreement with the obtained experimental values. The density-of-state (DOS) calculations revealed that the valence band maximum (VBM) consists of states contributed by Br and Pb, which agrees with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valence band (XPS VB) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma O. Al Ghaithi
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, United Arab
Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - S. Assa Aravindh
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tien Khee Ng
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boon S. Ooi
- King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Najar
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, United Arab
Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
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12
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Shinde DB, Cao L, Wonanke ADD, Li X, Kumar S, Liu X, Hedhili MN, Emwas AH, Addicoat M, Huang KW, Lai Z. Pore engineering of ultrathin covalent organic framework membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration and molecular sieving. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5434-5440. [PMID: 34094070 PMCID: PMC8159406 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The advantages of two dimensional covalent organic framework membranes to achieve high flux have been demonstrated, but the capability of easy structural modification to manipulate the pore size has not been fully explored yet. Here we report the use of the Langmuir-Blodgett method to synthesize two ultrathin covalent organic framework membranes (TFP-DPF and TFP-DNF) that have a similar framework structure to our previously reported covalent organic framework membrane (TFP-DHF) but different lengths of carbon chains aiming to rationally control the pore size. The membrane permeation results in the applications of organic solvent nanofiltration and molecular sieving of organic dyes showed a systematic shift of the membrane flux and molecular weight cut-off correlated to the pore size change. These results enhanced our fundamental understanding of transport through uniform channels at nanometer scales. Pore engineering of the covalent organic framework membranes was demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digambar B Shinde
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Cao
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - A D Dinga Wonanke
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Xiang Li
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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13
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Shaheen BS, El-Zohry AM, Zhao J, Yin J, Hedhili MN, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF. Real-Space Mapping of Surface-Oxygen Defect States in Photovoltaic Materials Using Low-Voltage Scanning Ultrafast Electron Microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:7760-7767. [PMID: 31951364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin layers of native oxides on the surface of photovoltaic materials may act as very efficient carrier trapping/recombination centers, thus significantly affecting their interfacial photophysical properties. How ultrathin oxide layers affect the surface and interface carrier dynamics cannot be selectively accessed by conventional ultrafast transient spectroscopic methods due to the deep penetration depth (tens to thousands of nanometers) of the pump/probe laser pulses. Herein, scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (S-UEM) at a low voltage of 1 keV electrons was recently developed at KAUST to selectively map the ultrafast charge carrier dynamics of a few layers on the top surfaces of photovoltaic materials. Unlike high-voltage 30 keV experiments, at 1 keV, the depth of detected secondary electrons (SEs) underneath the surface is significantly reduced 5 times, thus making it possible to visualize the dynamics of charge carrier from the uppermost surface of photoactive layers. More specifically, this new approach has been employed to explore and decipher the tremendous impact of native oxide layers and oxygen defect states on charge carrier dynamics in space and time simultaneously at sub-nanometer levels on several photovoltaic material surfaces, including Si, GaAs, CdTe, and CdZnTe single crystals. Interestingly, the contrast in the SEs time-resolved difference images switched from a dark "energy-loss mechanism" to a bright "energy-gain mechanism" only by removing the layers of surface oxides. Moreover, the charge carrier recombination was estimated and found to be dramatically affected by the native oxide layers. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the work function of oxygen-terminated Si surface also increases slightly upon optical excitation and makes for less SE intensity, providing another piece of evidence that the origin of the dark contrast observed on these material surfaces should be assigned to the surface oxide formation, mainly oxygen defect states in the band gap and/or work function increment. Our findings provide a new method and pave the way for evaluating the effect of surface morphology and defects, including but not limited to native oxide, on charge carrier dynamics, and interfacial properties of photovoltaic absorber layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basamat S Shaheen
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M El-Zohry
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Tang J, Mathis TS, Kurra N, Sarycheva A, Xiao X, Hedhili MN, Jiang Q, Alshareef HN, Xu B, Pan F, Gogotsi Y. Tuning the Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Carbide MXene by Controllable In Situ Anodic Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
| | - Tyler S. Mathis
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Narendra Kurra
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Asia Sarycheva
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Xu Xiao
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Core Labs Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N. Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Baomin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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15
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Tang J, Mathis TS, Kurra N, Sarycheva A, Xiao X, Hedhili MN, Jiang Q, Alshareef HN, Xu B, Pan F, Gogotsi Y. Tuning the Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Carbide MXene by Controllable In Situ Anodic Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17849-17855. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
| | - Tyler S. Mathis
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Narendra Kurra
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Asia Sarycheva
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Xu Xiao
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Core Labs Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N. Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Baomin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen Guangdong Province 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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16
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Velusamy DB, El-Demellawi JK, El-Zohry AM, Giugni A, Lopatin S, Hedhili MN, Mansour AE, Fabrizio ED, Mohammed OF, Alshareef HN. MXenes for Plasmonic Photodetection. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1807658. [PMID: 31222823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MXenes have recently shown impressive optical and plasmonic properties associated with their ultrathin-atomic-layer structure. However, their potential use in photonic and plasmonic devices has been only marginally explored. Photodetectors made of five different MXenes are fabricated, among which molybdenum carbide MXene (Mo2 CTx ) exhibits the best performance. Mo2 CTx MXene thin films deposited on paper substrates exhibit broad photoresponse in the range of 400-800 nm with high responsivity (up to 9 A W-1 ), detectivity (≈5 × 1011 Jones), and reliable photoswitching characteristics at a wavelength of 660 nm. Spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy and ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of the MXene nanosheets reveal that the photoresponse of Mo2 CTx is strongly dependent on its surface plasmon-assisted hot carriers. Additionally, Mo2 CTx thin-film devices are shown to be relatively stable under ambient conditions, continuous illumination and mechanical stresses, illustrating their durable photodetection operation in the visible spectral range. Micro-Raman spectroscopy conducted on bare Mo2 CTx film and on gold electrodes allowing for surface-enhanced Raman scattering demonstrates surface chemistry and a specific low-frequency band that is related to the vibrational modes of the single nanosheets. The specific ability to detect and excite individual surface plasmon modes provides a viable platform for various MXene-based optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhinesh Babu Velusamy
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K El-Demellawi
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M El-Zohry
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Giugni
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergei Lopatin
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Mansour
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Enzo Di Fabrizio
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Lee KJ, Turedi B, Sinatra L, Zhumekenov AA, Maity P, Dursun I, Naphade R, Merdad N, Alsalloum A, Oh S, Wehbe N, Hedhili MN, Kang CH, Subedi RC, Cho N, Kim JS, Ooi BS, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM. Perovskite-Based Artificial Multiple Quantum Wells. Nano Lett 2019; 19:3535-3542. [PMID: 31009227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum well structures have been critical to the development of modern photonics and solid-state optoelectronics. Quantum level tunable structures have introduced new transformative device applications and afforded a myriad of groundbreaking studies of fundamental quantum phenomena. However, noncolloidal, III-V compound quantum well structures are limited to traditional semiconductor materials fabricated by stringent epitaxial growth processes. This report introduces artificial multiple quantum wells (MQWs) built from CsPbBr3 perovskite materials using commonly available thermal evaporator systems. These perovskite-based MQWs are spatially aligned on a large-area substrate with multiple stacking and systematic control over well/barrier thicknesses, resulting in tunable optical properties and a carrier confinement effect. The fabricated CsPbBr3 artificial MQWs can be designed to display a variety of photoluminescence (PL) characteristics, such as a PL peak shift commensurate with the well/barrier thickness, multiwavelength emissions from asymmetric quantum wells, the quantum tunneling effect, and long-lived hot-carrier states. These new artificial MQWs pave the way toward widely available semiconductor heterostructures for light-conversion applications that are not restricted by periodicity or a narrow set of dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lutfan Sinatra
- Quantum Solutions LLC , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Semi Oh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Namchul Cho
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering , Soonchunhyang University , Asan 31538 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering and Research Center of Advanced Materials Development , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju 54896 , Republic of Korea
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18
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Alsabban MM, Yang X, Wahyudi W, Fu JH, Hedhili MN, Ming J, Yang CW, Nadeem MA, Idriss H, Lai Z, Li LJ, Tung V, Huang KW. Design and Mechanistic Study of Highly Durable Carbon-Coated Cobalt Diphosphide Core-Shell Nanostructure Electrocatalysts for the Efficient and Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:20752-20761. [PMID: 31091878 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The facile synthesis of hierarchically functional, catalytically active, and electrochemically stable nanostructures holds a tremendous promise for catalyzing the efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and yet remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the scalable production of core-shell nanostructures composed of carbon-coated cobalt diphosphide nanosheets, C@CoP2, via three simple steps: (i) electrochemical deposition of Co species, (ii) gas-phase phosphidation, and (iii) carbonization of CoP2 for catalytic durability enhancement. Electrochemical characterizations showed that C@CoP2 delivers an overpotential of 234 mV, retains its initial activity for over 80 h of continuous operation, and exhibits a fast OER rate of 63.8 mV dec-1 in base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merfat M Alsabban
- Department of Chemistry , University of Jeddah , Jeddah 21959 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad A Nadeem
- SABIC, Corporate Research and Innovation (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Idriss
- SABIC, Corporate Research and Innovation (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lain-Jong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia
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19
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Al Maksoud W, Gevers LE, Vittenet J, Ould-Chikh S, Telalovic S, Bhatte K, Abou-Hamad E, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Vishwanath V, Alhazmi A, Almusaiteer K, Basset JM. A strategy to convert propane to aromatics (BTX) using TiNp 4 grafted at the periphery of ZSM-5 by surface organometallic chemistry. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6611-6620. [PMID: 31017165 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of propane into aromatics (BTX) using modified ZSM-5 was achieved with a strategy of "catalysis by design". In contrast to the classical mode of action of classical aromatization catalysts which are purely based on acidity, we have designed the catalyst associating two functions: One function (Ti-hydride) was selected to activate the C-H bond of propane by σ-bond metathesis to further obtain olefin by β-H elimination and the other function (Brønsted acid) being responsible for the oligomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. This bifunctional catalyst was obtained by selectively grafting a bulky organometallic complex of tetrakis(neopentyl)titanium (TiNp4) at the external surface (external silanol ([triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-OH) group) of [H-ZSM-5300] to obtain [Ti/ZSM-5] catalyst 1. This metal was chosen to activate the C-H bond of paraffin at the periphery of the ZSM-5 while maintaining the Brønsted acid properties of the internal [H-ZSM-5] for oligomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. Catalyst 2 [Ti-H/ZSM-5] was obtained after treatment under H2 at 550 °C of freshly prepared catalyst 1 ([Ti/ZSM-5]) and catalyst 1 was thoroughly characterized by ICP analysis, DRIFT, XRD, N2-physisorption, multinuclear solid-state NMR, XPS and HR-TEM analysis including STEM imaging. The conversion of propane to aromatics was studied in a dynamic flow reactor. With the pristine [H-ZSM-5300] catalyst, the conversion of propane is very low. However, with [Ti-H/ZSM-5] catalyst 2 under the same reaction conditions, the conversion of propane remains significant during 60 h of the reaction (ca. 22%). Furthermore, the [Ti-H/ZSM-5] catalyst shows a good and stable selectivity (55%) for aromatics (BTX) of time on stream. With 2, it was found that the Ti remains at the periphery of the [H-ZSM-5] even after reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Al Maksoud
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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El-Zohry AM, Shaheen BS, Burlakov VM, Yin J, Hedhili MN, Shikin S, Ooi B, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF. Extraordinary Carrier Diffusion on CdTe Surfaces Uncovered by 4D Electron Microscopy. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Alazmi A, Tall OE, Hedhili MN, Costa PM. The impact of surface chemistry and texture on the CO2 uptake capacity of graphene oxide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Hengne AM, Samal AK, Enakonda LR, Harb M, Gevers LE, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Saih Y, Huang KW, Basset JM. Ni-Sn-Supported ZrO 2 Catalysts Modified by Indium for Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol. ACS Omega 2018; 3:3688-3701. [PMID: 31458617 PMCID: PMC6641425 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ni and NiSn supported on zirconia (ZrO2) and on indium (In)-incorporated zirconia (InZrO2) catalysts were prepared by a wet chemical reduction route and tested for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol in a fixed-bed isothermal flow reactor at 250 °C. The mono-metallic Ni (5%Ni/ZrO2) catalysts showed a very high selectivity for methane (99%) during CO2 hydrogenation. Introduction of Sn to this material with the following formulation 5Ni5Sn/ZrO2 (5% Ni-5% Sn/ZrO2) showed the rate of methanol formation to be 0.0417 μmol/(gcat·s) with 54% selectivity. Furthermore, the combination NiSn supported on InZrO2 (5Ni5Sn/10InZrO2) exhibited a rate of methanol formation 10 times higher than that on 5Ni/ZrO2 (0.1043 μmol/(gcat·s)) with 99% selectivity for methanol. All of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CO2-temperature-programmed desorption, and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Addition of Sn to Ni catalysts resulted in the formation of a NiSn alloy. The NiSn alloy particle size was kept in the range of 10-15 nm, which was evidenced by HRTEM study. DFT analysis was carried out to identify the surface composition as well as the structural location of each element on the surface in three compositions investigated, namely, Ni28Sn27, Ni18Sn37, and Ni37Sn18 bimetallic nanoclusters, and results were in agreement with the STEM and electron energy-loss spectroscopy results. Also, the introduction of "Sn" and "In" helped improve the reducibility of Ni oxide and the basic strength of catalysts. Considerable details of the catalytic and structural properties of the Ni, NiSn, and NiSnIn catalyst systems were elucidated. These observations were decisive for achieving a highly efficient formation rate of methanol via CO2 by the H2 reduction process with high methanol selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M. Hengne
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akshaya K. Samal
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Centre
for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Linga Reddy Enakonda
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moussab Harb
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lieven E. Gevers
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Saih
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Imaging and Characterization
Lab, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Zhong S, Yang X, Cao Z, Dong X, Kozlov SM, Falivene L, Huang JK, Zhou X, Hedhili MN, Lai Z, Huang KW, Han Y, Cavallo L, Li LJ. Efficient electrochemical transformation of CO2 to C2/C3 chemicals on benzimidazole-functionalized copper surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11324-11327. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole (BIMH)-modified copper foil enhances the selective conversion of CO2 to C2/C3 products via providing highly active Hδ+.
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24
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Pan J, Shang Y, Yin J, De Bastiani M, Peng W, Dursun I, Sinatra L, El-Zohry AM, Hedhili MN, Emwas AH, Mohammed OF, Ning Z, Bakr OM. Bidentate Ligand-Passivated CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Stable Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield and Efficient Red Light-Emitting Diodes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:562-565. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuequn Shang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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25
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Bootharaju MS, Kozlov SM, Cao Z, Harb M, Parida MR, Hedhili MN, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Cavallo L, Basset JM. Direct versus ligand-exchange synthesis of [PtAg 28(BDT) 12(TPP) 4] 4- nanoclusters: effect of a single-atom dopant on the optoelectronic and chemical properties. Nanoscale 2017; 9:9529-9536. [PMID: 28660944 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02844j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom doping of atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) often yields a mixture of doped and undoped products of single-atom difference, whose separation is extremely difficult. To overcome this challenge, novel synthesis methods are required to offer monodisperse doped NCs. For instance, the direct synthesis of PtAg28 NCs produces a mixture of [Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4]3- and [PtAg28(BDT)12(TPP)4]4- NCs (TPP: triphenylphosphine; BDT: 1,3-benzenedithiolate). Here, we designed a ligand-exchange (LE) strategy to synthesize single-sized, Pt-doped, superatomic Ag NCs [PtAg28(BDT)12(TPP)4]4- by LE of [Pt2Ag23Cl7(TPP)10] NCs with BDTH2 (1,3-benzenedithiol). The doped NCs were thoroughly characterized by optical and photoelectron spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, total electron count, and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We show that the Pt dopant occupies the center of the PtAg28 cluster, modulates its electronic structure and enhances its photoluminescence intensity and excited-state lifetime, and also enables solvent interactions with the NC surface. Furthermore, doped NCs showed unique reactivity with metal ions - the central Pt atom of PtAg28 could not be replaced by Au, unlike the central Ag of Ag29 NCs. The achieved synthesis of single-sized PtAg28 clusters will facilitate further applications of the LE strategy for the exploration of novel multimetallic NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megalamane S Bootharaju
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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26
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Rondelli M, Zwaschka G, Krause M, Rötzer MD, Hedhili MN, Högerl MP, D’Elia V, Schweinberger FF, Basset JM, Heiz U. Exploring the Potential of Different-Sized Supported Subnanometer Pt Clusters as Catalysts for Wet Chemical Applications. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rondelli
- Technical University of Munich, Catalysis Research
Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1
and Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregor Zwaschka
- Technical University of Munich, Catalysis Research
Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1
and Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Krause
- Technical University of Munich, Catalysis Research
Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1
and Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marian D. Rötzer
- Technical University of Munich, Catalysis Research
Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1
and Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel P. Högerl
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Valerio D’Elia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), School of Materials Science and Engineering, 21210, Payupnai, WangChan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Florian F. Schweinberger
- Technical University of Munich, Catalysis Research
Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1
and Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ueli Heiz
- Technical University of Munich, Catalysis Research
Center and Chemistry Department, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1
and Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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27
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Bootharaju MS, Kozlov SM, Cao Z, Harb M, Maity N, Shkurenko A, Parida MR, Hedhili MN, Eddaoudi M, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Cavallo L, Basset JM. Doping-Induced Anisotropic Self-Assembly of Silver Icosahedra in [Pt2Ag23Cl7(PPh3)10] Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1053-1056. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megalamane S. Bootharaju
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergey M. Kozlov
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhen Cao
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moussab Harb
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niladri Maity
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksander Shkurenko
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manas R. Parida
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST
Catalysis Center, ‡Functional Materials Design, Discovery and Development
Research Group (FMD3), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, §KAUST Solar Center, and ∥Imaging and
Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Samal AK, Zhu H, Harb M, Sangaru SS, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Saih Y, Basset JM. A general approach for the synthesis of bimetallic M–Sn (M = Ru, Rh and Ir) catalysts for efficient hydrogenolysis of ester. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy02187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthetic method was applied for the preparation of Sn containing bimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya K. Samal
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Haibo Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Moussab Harb
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiv Shankar Sangaru
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- Imaging and Characterization Lab
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- Imaging and Characterization Lab
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Saih
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
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29
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Alazmi A, El Tall O, Rasul S, Hedhili MN, Patole SP, Costa PMFJ. A process to enhance the specific surface area and capacitance of hydrothermally reduced graphene oxide. Nanoscale 2016; 8:17782-17787. [PMID: 27761538 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of post-synthesis processing in reduced graphene oxide materials for supercapacitor electrodes has been analyzed. A comparative study of vacuum, freeze and critical point drying was carried out for hydrothermally reduced graphene oxide demonstrating that the optimization of the specific surface area and preservation of the porous network are critical to maximize its supercapacitance performance. As described below, using a supercritical fluid as the drying medium, unprecedented values of the specific surface area (364 m2 g-1) and supercapacitance (441 F g-1) for this class of materials have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Alazmi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar El Tall
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Analytical Core Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Rasul
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shashikant P Patole
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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30
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Bootharaju MS, Dey R, Gevers LE, Hedhili MN, Basset JM, Bakr OM. A New Class of Atomically Precise, Hydride-Rich Silver Nanoclusters Co-Protected by Phosphines. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13770-13773. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megalamane S. Bootharaju
- Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Center, ‡KAUST Catalysis
Center (KCC), and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Dey
- Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Center, ‡KAUST Catalysis
Center (KCC), and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lieven E. Gevers
- Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Center, ‡KAUST Catalysis
Center (KCC), and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Center, ‡KAUST Catalysis
Center (KCC), and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Center, ‡KAUST Catalysis
Center (KCC), and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division of Physical
Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Solar Center, ‡KAUST Catalysis
Center (KCC), and §Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Ahmed GH, Liu J, Parida MR, Murali B, Bose R, AlYami NM, Hedhili MN, Peng W, Pan J, Besong TMD, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF. Shape-Tunable Charge Carrier Dynamics at the Interfaces between Perovskite Nanocrystals and Molecular Acceptors. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3913-3919. [PMID: 27640429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites have recently emerged as an important class of materials and have exhibited remarkable performance in photovoltaics. To further improve their device efficiency, an insightful understanding of the interfacial charge transfer (CT) process is required. Here, we report the first direct experimental observation of the tremendous effect that the shape of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has on interfacial CT in the presence of a molecular acceptor. A dramatic change in CT dynamics at the interfaces of three different NC shapes, spheres, platelets, and cubes, is recorded. Our results clearly demonstrate that the mechanism of CT is significantly affected by the NC shape. More importantly, the results demonstrate that complexation on the NC surface acts as an additional driving force not only to tune the CT dynamics but also to control the reaction mechanism at the interface. This observation opens a new venue for further developing perovskite NCs-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada H Ahmed
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiakai Liu
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manas R Parida
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Banavoth Murali
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Riya Bose
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noktan M AlYami
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Peng
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Pan
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tabot M D Besong
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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32
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Pan J, Quan LN, Zhao Y, Peng W, Murali B, Sarmah SP, Yuan M, Sinatra L, Alyami NM, Liu J, Yassitepe E, Yang Z, Voznyy O, Comin R, Hedhili MN, Mohammed OF, Lu ZH, Kim DH, Sargent EH, Bakr OM. Highly Efficient Perovskite-Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Surface Engineering. Adv Mater 2016; 28:8718-8725. [PMID: 27529532 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A two-step ligand-exchange strategy is developed, in which the long-carbon- chain ligands on all-inorganic perovskite (CsPbX3 , X = Br, Cl) quantum dots (QDs) are replaced with halide-ion-pair ligands. Green and blue light-emitting diodes made from the halide-ion-pair-capped quantum dots exhibit high external quantum efficiencies compared with the untreated QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Woman's University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Yongbiao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Wei Peng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Banavoth Murali
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Smritakshi P Sarmah
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingjian Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Lutfan Sinatra
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noktan M Alyami
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiakai Liu
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yassitepe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Riccardo Comin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zheng Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Woman's University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Anjum DH, Memon NK, Ismail M, Hedhili MN, Sharif U, Chung SH. Transmission electron microscopy of carbon-coated and iron-doped titania nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:365709. [PMID: 27483338 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the properties of iron (Fe)-doped and carbon (C)-coated titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) which has been compiled by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These TiO2 NPs were prepared by using the flame synthesis method. This method allows the simultaneous C coating and Fe doping of TiO2 NPs. XRD investigations revealed that the phase of the prepared NPs was anatase TiO2. Conventional TEM analysis showed that the average size of the TiO2 NPs was about 65 nm and that the NPs were uniformly coated with the element C. Furthermore, from the x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry analysis, it was found that about 8 at.% Fe was present in the synthesized samples. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) revealed the graphitized carbon structure of the layer surrounding the prepared TiO2 NPs. HRTEM analysis further revealed that the NPs possessed the crystalline structure of anatase titania. Energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) analysis showed the C coating and Fe doping of the NPs. The ratio of L3 and L2 peaks for the Ti-L23 and Fe-L23 edges present in the core loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) revealed a +4 oxidation state for the Ti and a +3 oxidation state for the Fe. These EELS results were further confirmed with XPS analysis. The electronic properties of the samples were investigated by applying Kramers-Kronig analysis to the low-loss EELS spectra acquired from the prepared NPs. The presented results showed that the band gap energy of the TiO2 NPs decreased from an original value of 3.2 eV to about 2.2 eV, which is quite close to the ideal band gap energy of 1.65 eV for photocatalysis semiconductors. The observed decrease in band gap energy of the TiO2 NPs was attributed to the presence of Fe atoms at the lattice sites of the anatase TiO2 lattice. In short, C-coated and Fe-doped TiO2 NPs were synthesized with a rather cost-effective and comparatively easily scalable method. The presented analysis enables us to predict the excellent efficiency of these NPs for solar-cell and photo-catalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalaver H Anjum
- Imaging and Characterization (IAC) Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Joya KS, Sinatra L, AbdulHalim LG, Joshi CP, Hedhili MN, Bakr OM, Hussain I. Atomically monodisperse nickel nanoclusters as highly active electrocatalysts for water oxidation. Nanoscale 2016; 8:9695-703. [PMID: 27109550 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00709k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Achieving water splitting at low overpotential with high oxygen evolution efficiency and stability is important for realizing solar to chemical energy conversion devices. Herein we report the synthesis, characterization and electrochemical evaluation of highly active nickel nanoclusters (Ni NCs) for water oxidation at low overpotential. These atomically precise and monodisperse Ni NCs are characterized by using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry. The molecular formulae of these Ni NCs are found to be Ni4(PET)8 and Ni6(PET)12 and are highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution without any pre-conditioning. Ni4(PET)8 are slightly better catalysts than Ni6(PET)12 which initiate oxygen evolution at an amazingly low overpotential of ∼1.51 V (vs. RHE; η≈ 280 mV). The peak oxygen evolution current density (J) of ∼150 mA cm(-2) at 2.0 V (vs. RHE) with a Tafel slope of 38 mV dec(-1) is observed using Ni4(PET)8. These results are comparable to the state-of-the-art RuO2 electrocatalyst, which is highly expensive and rare compared to Ni-based materials. Sustained oxygen generation for several hours with an applied current density of 20 mA cm(-2) demonstrates the long-term stability and activity of these Ni NCs towards electrocatalytic water oxidation. This unique approach provides a facile method to prepare cost-effective, nanoscale and highly efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram S Joya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road 54890, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Ahmed B, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Gogotsi Y, Alshareef HN. H2O2 assisted room temperature oxidation of Ti2C MXene for Li-ion battery anodes. Nanoscale 2016; 8:7580-7. [PMID: 26984324 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that a prominent member of the MXene family, Ti2C, undergoes surface oxidation at room temperature when treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2 treatment results in opening up of MXene sheets and formation of TiO2 nanocrystals on their surface, which is evidenced by the high surface area of H2O2 treated MXene and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. We show that the reaction time and the amount of hydrogen peroxide used are the limiting factors, which determine the morphology and composition of the final product. Furthermore, it is shown that the performance of H2O2 treated MXene as an anode material in Li ion batteries (LIBs) was significantly improved as compared to as-prepared MXenes. For instance, after 50 charge/discharge cycles, specific discharge capacities of 389 mA h g(-1), 337 mA h g(-1) and 297 mA h g(-1) were obtained for H2O2 treated MXene at current densities of 100 mA g(-1), 500 mA g(-1) and 1000 mA g(-1), respectively. In addition, when tested at a very high current density, such as 5000 mA g(-1), the H2O2 treated MXene showed a specific capacity of 150 mA h g(-1) and excellent rate capability. These results clearly demonstrate that H2O2 treatment of Ti2C MXene improves MXene properties in energy storage applications, such as Li ion batteries or capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmed
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Alhajri NS, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Takanabe K. Generation and Characteristics of IV-VI transition Metal Nitride and Carbide Nanoparticles using a Reactive Mesoporous Carbon Nitride. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawal S. Alhajri
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Advanced Nanofabrication, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab; Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N. Hedhili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Advanced Nanofabrication, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab; Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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Xia C, Jiang Q, Zhao C, Hedhili MN, Alshareef HN. Selenide-Based Electrocatalysts and Scaffolds for Water Oxidation Applications. Adv Mater 2016; 28:77-85. [PMID: 26540620 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenide-based electrocatalysts and scaffolds on carbon cloth are successfully fabricated and demonstrated for enhanced water oxidation applications. A max-imum current density of 97.5 mA cm(-2) at an overpotential of a mere 300 mV and a small Tafel slope of 77 mV dec(-1) are achieved, suggesting the potential of these materials to serve as advanced oxygen evolution reaction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiu Jiang
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chao Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed B, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Alshareef HN. Mechanistic Insight into the Stability of HfO2 -Coated MoS2 Nanosheet Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries. Small 2015; 11:4341-4350. [PMID: 26061915 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated for the first time that surface passivation of 2D nanosheets of MoS2 by an ultrathin and uniform layer of HfO2 can significantly improve the cyclic performance of sodium ion batteries. After 50 charge/discharge cycles, bare MoS2 and HfO2 coated MoS2 electrodes deliver the specific capacity of 435 and 636 mAh g(-1) , respectively, at current density of 100 mA g(-1) . These results imply that batteries using HfO2 coated MoS2 anodes retain 91% of the initial capacity; in contrast, bare MoS2 anodes retain only 63%. Also, HfO2 coated MoS2 anodes show one of the highest reported capacity values for MoS2 . Cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest that HfO2 does not take part in electrochemical reaction. The mechanism of capacity retention with HfO2 coating is explained by ex situ transmission electron microscope imaging and electrical impedance spectroscopy. It is illustrated that HfO2 acts as a passivation layer at the anode/electrolyte interface and prevents structural degradation during charge/discharge process. Moreover, the amorphous nature of HfO2 allows facile diffusion of Na ions. These results clearly show the potential of HfO2 coated MoS2 anodes, which performance is significantly higher than previous reports where bulk MoS2 or composites of MoS2 with carbonaceous materials are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmed
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed B, Shahid M, Nagaraju DH, Anjum DH, Hedhili MN, Alshareef HN. Surface Passivation of MoO₃ Nanorods by Atomic Layer Deposition toward High Rate Durable Li Ion Battery Anodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:13154-13163. [PMID: 26039512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an effective strategy to overcome the degradation of MoO3 nanorod anodes in lithium (Li) ion batteries at high-rate cycling. This is achieved by conformal nanoscale surface passivation of the MoO3 nanorods by HfO2 using atomic layer deposition (ALD). At high current density such as 1500 mA/g, the specific capacity of HfO2-coated MoO3 electrodes is 68% higher than that of bare MoO3 electrodes after 50 charge/discharge cycles. After 50 charge/discharge cycles, HfO2-coated MoO3 electrodes exhibited specific capacity of 657 mAh/g; on the other hand, bare MoO3 showed only 460 mAh/g. Furthermore, we observed that HfO2-coated MoO3 electrodes tend to stabilize faster than bare MoO3 electrodes because nanoscale HfO2 layer prevents structural degradation of MoO3 nanorods. Additionally, the growth temperature of MoO3 nanorods and the effect of HfO2 layer thickness was studied and found to be important parameters for optimum battery performance. The growth temperature defines the microstructural features and HfO2 layer thickness defines the diffusion coefficient of Li-ions through the passivation layer to the active material. Furthermore, ex situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were carried out to explain the capacity retention mechanism after HfO2 coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahmed
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - D H Anjum
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed N Hedhili
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - H N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Li L, Zhou L, Ould-Chikh S, Anjum DH, Kanoun MB, Scaranto J, Hedhili MN, Khalid S, Laveille PV, D'Souza L, Clo A, Basset JM. Controlled Surface Segregation Leads to Efficient Coke-Resistant Nickel/Platinum Bimetallic Catalysts for the Dry Reforming of Methane. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Qureshi ZS, Sarawade PB, Albert M, D'Elia V, Hedhili MN, Köhler K, Basset JM. Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Fibrous-Structured Silica Nanospheres (KCC-1): An Efficient and Selective Catalyst for the Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkenes. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bukola S, Merzougui B, Akinpelu A, Laoui T, Hedhili MN, Swain GM, Shao M. Fe-N-C Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Synthesized by Using Aniline Salt and Fe 3+ /H 2 O 2 Catalytic System. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yesibolati N, Shahid M, Chen W, Hedhili MN, Reuter MC, Ross FM, Alshareef HN. SnO2 anode surface passivation by atomic layer deposited HfO2 improves Li-ion battery performance. Small 2014; 10:2849-2858. [PMID: 24634208 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, it is demonstrated that nanoscale HfO2 surface passivation layers formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) significantly improve the performance of Li ion batteries with SnO2 -based anodes. Specifically, the measured battery capacity at a current density of 150 mAg(-1) after 100 cycles is 548 and 853 mAhg(-1) for the uncoated and HfO2 -coated anodes, respectively. Material analysis reveals that the HfO2 layers are amorphous in nature and conformably coat the SnO2 -based anodes. In addition, the analysis reveals that ALD HfO2 not only protects the SnO2 -based anodes from irreversible reactions with the electrolyte and buffers its volume change, but also chemically interacts with the SnO2 anodes to increase battery capacity, despite the fact that HfO2 is itself electrochemically inactive. The amorphous nature of HfO2 is an important factor in explaining its behavior, as it still allows sufficient Li diffusion for an efficient anode lithiation/delithiation process to occur, leading to higher battery capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nulati Yesibolati
- Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Ould-Chikh S, Proux O, Afanasiev P, Khrouz L, Hedhili MN, Anjum DH, Harb M, Geantet C, Basset JM, Puzenat E. Photocatalysis with chromium-doped TiO2: bulk and surface doping. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:1361-1371. [PMID: 24737636 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic properties of TiO2 modified by chromium are usually found to depend strongly on the preparation method. To clarify this problem, two series of chromium-doped titania with a chromium content of up to 1.56 wt % have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions: the first series (Cr:TiO2) is intended to dope the bulk of TiO2, whereas the second series (Cr/TiO2) is intended to load the surface of TiO2 with Cr. The catalytic properties have been compared in the photocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. Characterization data provides evidence that in the Cr/TiO2 catalysts chromium is located on the surface of TiO2 as amorphous CrOOH clusters. In contrast, in the Cr:TiO2 series, chromium is mostly dissolved in the titania lattice, although a minor part is still present on the surface. Photocatalytic tests show that both series of chromium-doped titania demonstrate visible-light-driven photo-oxidation activity. Surface-doped Cr/TiO2 solids appear to be more efficient photocatalysts than the bulk-doped Cr:TiO2 counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Ould-Chikh
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal (Saudi Arabia).
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Rakhi RB, Chen W, Hedhili MN, Cha D, Alshareef HN. Enhanced rate performance of mesoporous Co(3)O(4) nanosheet supercapacitor electrodes by hydrous RuO(2) nanoparticle decoration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:4196-206. [PMID: 24580967 DOI: 10.1021/am405849n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanosheet electrode arrays are directly grown over flexible carbon paper substrates using an economical and scalable two-step process for supercapacitor applications. The interconnected nanosheet arrays form a three-dimensional network with exceptional supercapacitor performance in standard two electrode configuration. Dramatic improvement in the rate capacity of the Co3O4 nanosheets is achieved by electrodeposition of nanocrystalline, hydrous RuO2 nanoparticles dispersed on the Co3O4 nanosheets. An optimum RuO2 electrodeposition time is found to result in the best supercapacitor performance, where the controlled morphology of the electrode provides a balance between good conductivity and efficient electrolyte access to the RuO2 nanoparticles. An excellent specific capacitance of 905 F/g at 1 A/g is obtained, and a nearly constant rate performance of 78% is achieved at current density ranging from 1 to 40 A/g. The sample could retain more than 96% of its maximum capacitance even after 5000 continuous charge-discharge cycles at a constant high current density of 10 A/g. Thicker RuO2 coating, while maintaining good conductivity, results in agglomeration, decreasing electrolyte access to active material and hence the capacitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Rakhi
- Material Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Jawhari HA, Caraveo-Frescas JA, Hedhili MN, Alshareef HN. P-type Cu(2)O/SnO bilayer thin film transistors processed at low temperatures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:9615-9619. [PMID: 24025476 DOI: 10.1021/am402542j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
P-type Cu2O/SnO bilayer thin film transistors (TFTs) with tunable performance were fabricated using room temperature sputtered copper and tin oxides. Using Cu2O film as capping layer on top of a SnO film to control its stoichiometry, we have optimized the performance of the resulting bilayer transistor. A transistor with 10 nm/15 nm Cu2O to SnO thickness ratio (25 nm total thickness) showed the best performance using a maximum process temperature of 170 °C. The bilayer transistor exhibited p-type behavior with field-effect mobility, on-to-off current ratio, and threshold voltage of 0.66 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), 1.5×10(2), and -5.2 V, respectively. The advantages of the bilayer structure relative to single layer transistor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala A Al-Jawhari
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Nayak PK, Hedhili MN, Cha D, Alshareef HN. Impact of soft annealing on the performance of solution-processed amorphous zinc tin oxide thin-film transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:3587-3590. [PMID: 23544956 DOI: 10.1021/am303235z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that soft annealing duration strongly affects the performance of solution-processed amorphous zinc tin oxide thin-film transistors. Prolonged soft annealing times are found to induce two important changes in the device: (i) a decrease in zinc tin oxide film thickness, and (ii) an increase in oxygen vacancy concentration. The devices prepared without soft annealing exhibited inferior transistor performances, in comparison to devices in which the active channel layer (zinc tin oxide) was subjected to soft annealing. The highest saturation field-effect mobility-5.6 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with a drain-to-source on-off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 2 × 10(8)-was achieved in the case of devices with 10-min soft-annealed zinc tin oxide thin films as the channel layer. The findings of this work identify soft annealing as a critical parameter for the processing of chemically derived thin-film transistors, and it correlates device performance to the changes in material structure induced by soft annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta K Nayak
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Hedhili MN, Cloutier P, Bass AD, Madey TE, Sanche L. Electron stimulated desorption of anionic fragments from films of pure and electron-irradiated thiophene. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:094704. [PMID: 16965102 DOI: 10.1063/1.2338030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron stimulated desorption (ESD) of anions is used to explore the effects of electron irradiation on a thiophene film and we report measurements for electron impact on multilayer thiophene condensed on a polycrystalline platinum substrate. Below 22 eV and at low electron dose, desorbed anions include H- (the dominant signal) as well as S-, CH2-, SH- and SCH2-. Yield functions show that anions are desorbed both by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) with resonances observed at 9.5, 11, and 16 eV, and for energies >13 eV, by dipolar dissociation (DD). An increase in the S- signal from electron irradiated (beam-damaged) thiophene films and the appearance of a new DEA resonance in the S- yield function at 6 eV are linked to rupture of the thiophene ring and the formation of sulfur-terminated products within the film. The threshold energy for ring rupture is 5 eV. The desorption of new anions such as C4H3S- (Thiophene-H)- is also observed from electron irradiated films and these likely arise from the decomposition of large radiation product molecules synthesized in the film. The yield functions of H-, S-, SH-, (Thiophene-H)-, and (Thiophene+H)- anions from irradiated thiophene films that have been annealed to 300 K, each exhibit a single resonant feature centered around 5.1 eV, suggesting that all signals derive from DEA to the same molecular radiation product. In contrast, only H- and S- are observed to desorb from films of 2-2-bithiophene and no resonance is seen below approximately 10 eV in the anion yield functions. These data suggest that electron irradiation causes formation of ring-opened oligomers, and that closed-ring or 'classical" oligomers, (similar to bithiophene) if formed, contribute little to the ESD of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Hedhili
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 -8019, USA
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Schlereth TW, Hedhili MN, Yakshinskiy BV, Gouder T, Madey TE. Adsorption and Reaction of SO2 with a Polycrystalline UO2 Film: Promotion of S−O Bond Cleavage by Creation of O-Defects and Na or Ca Coadsorption. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:20895-905. [PMID: 16853709 DOI: 10.1021/jp0526344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To characterize UO(2) for its possible use in desulfurization applications, the interactions of molecular sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) with a polycrystalline uranium dioxide film have been studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and low-energy ion scattering (LEIS). The stoichiometric, oxygen-deficient, calcium-precovered and sodium-precovered UO(2) surfaces have been characterized. The changes in oxide reactivity upon creation of oxygen vacancies and coadsorption of sodium and calcium have been studied. After creation of a reduced UO(2-x) surface (x approximately 0.44) via Ar(+) sputtering, the U 4f XPS spectrum shows conspicuous differences that are good indicators of the surface stoichiometry. Molecular SO(x) formation (x = 2-4) is observed after SO(2) deposition onto stoichiometric UO(2) and onto UO(2) precovered with small amounts (<1 ML) of Na or Ca; complete dissociation of SO(2) is not observed. Heating leads to desorption of the SO(x) species and to transformation of SO(2) to SO(3) and SO(3) to SO(4). On oxygen-deficient UO(2) and on UO(2) precovered with large Na or Ca coverages (> or =4 ML), both the formation of SO(x)= species and complete dissociation of SO(2) are observed. A higher thermal stability of the sulfur components is observed on these surfaces. In all cases for which dissociation occurs, the XPS peak of atomic sulfur shows similar structure: three different binding states are observed. The reactivity of oxygen-deficient UO(2) and sodium- and calcium-precovered UO(2) (coverages > or = 4 ML) is attributed to charge transfer into the antibonding LUMO of the adsorbed molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Schlereth
- Laboratory for Surface Modification, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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