1
|
Raman B, McCracken C, Cassar MP, Moss AJ, Finnigan L, Samat AHA, Ogbole G, Tunnicliffe EM, Alfaro-Almagro F, Menke R, Xie C, Gleeson F, Lukaschuk E, Lamlum H, McGlynn K, Popescu IA, Sanders ZB, Saunders LC, Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Nikolaidou C, Rahman NM, Ho LP, Harris VC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Pfeffer P, Manisty C, Kon OM, Beggs M, O'Regan DP, Fuld J, Weir-McCall JR, Parekh D, Steeds R, Poinasamy K, Cuthbertson DJ, Kemp GJ, Semple MG, Horsley A, Miller CA, O'Brien C, Shah AM, Chiribiri A, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Houchen-Wolloff L, Greening NJ, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Marks M, Hurst JR, Jones MG, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Howard LS, Jacob J, Man WDC, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Heaney LG, Harrison EM, Kerr S, Docherty AB, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Zheng B, Jenkins RG, Cox E, Francis S, Halling-Brown M, Chalmers JD, Greenwood JP, Plein S, Hughes PJC, Thompson AAR, Rowland-Jones SL, Wild JM, Kelly M, Treibel TA, Bandula S, Aul R, Miller K, Jezzard P, Smith S, Nichols TE, McCann GP, Evans RA, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Neubauer S, Baillie JK, Shaw A, Hairsine B, Kurasz C, Henson H, Armstrong L, Shenton L, Dobson H, Dell A, Lucey A, Price A, Storrie A, Pennington C, Price C, Mallison G, Willis G, Nassa H, Haworth J, Hoare M, Hawkings N, Fairbairn S, Young S, Walker S, Jarrold I, Sanderson A, David C, Chong-James K, Zongo O, James WY, Martineau A, King B, Armour C, McAulay D, Major E, McGinness J, McGarvey L, Magee N, Stone R, Drain S, Craig T, Bolger A, Haggar A, Lloyd A, Subbe C, Menzies D, Southern D, McIvor E, Roberts K, Manley R, Whitehead V, Saxon W, Bularga A, Mills NL, El-Taweel H, Dawson J, Robinson L, Saralaya D, Regan K, Storton K, Brear L, Amoils S, Bermperi A, Elmer A, Ribeiro C, Cruz I, Taylor J, Worsley J, Dempsey K, Watson L, Jose S, Marciniak S, Parkes M, McQueen A, Oliver C, Williams J, Paradowski K, Broad L, Knibbs L, Haynes M, Sabit R, Milligan L, Sampson C, Hancock A, Evenden C, Lynch C, Hancock K, Roche L, Rees M, Stroud N, Thomas-Woods T, Heller S, Robertson E, Young B, Wassall H, Babores M, Holland M, Keenan N, Shashaa S, Price C, Beranova E, Ramos H, Weston H, Deery J, Austin L, Solly R, Turney S, Cosier T, Hazelton T, Ralser M, Wilson A, Pearce L, Pugmire S, Stoker W, McCormick W, Dewar A, Arbane G, Kaltsakas G, Kerslake H, Rossdale J, Bisnauthsing K, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Martinez LM, Ostermann M, Magtoto MM, Hart N, Marino P, Betts S, Solano TS, Arias AM, Prabhu A, Reed A, Wrey Brown C, Griffin D, Bevan E, Martin J, Owen J, Alvarez Corral M, Williams N, Payne S, Storrar W, Layton A, Lawson C, Mills C, Featherstone J, Stephenson L, Burdett T, Ellis Y, Richards A, Wright C, Sykes DL, Brindle K, Drury K, Holdsworth L, Crooks MG, Atkin P, Flockton R, Thackray-Nocera S, Mohamed A, Taylor A, Perkins E, Ross G, McGuinness H, Tench H, Phipps J, Loosley R, Wolf-Roberts R, Coetzee S, Omar Z, Ross A, Card B, Carr C, King C, Wood C, Copeland D, Calvelo E, Chilvers ER, Russell E, Gordon H, Nunag JL, Schronce J, March K, Samuel K, Burden L, Evison L, McLeavey L, Orriss-Dib L, Tarusan L, Mariveles M, Roy M, Mohamed N, Simpson N, Yasmin N, Cullinan P, Daly P, Haq S, Moriera S, Fayzan T, Munawar U, Nwanguma U, Lingford-Hughes A, Altmann D, Johnston D, Mitchell J, Valabhji J, Price L, Molyneaux PL, Thwaites RS, Walsh S, Frankel A, Lightstone L, Wilkins M, Willicombe M, McAdoo S, Touyz R, Guerdette AM, Warwick K, Hewitt M, Reddy R, White S, McMahon A, Hoare A, Knighton A, Ramos A, Te A, Jolley CJ, Speranza F, Assefa-Kebede H, Peralta I, Breeze J, Shevket K, Powell N, Adeyemi O, Dulawan P, Adrego R, Byrne S, Patale S, Hayday A, Malim M, Pariante C, Sharpe C, Whitney J, Bramham K, Ismail K, Wessely S, Nicholson T, Ashworth A, Humphries A, Tan AL, Whittam B, Coupland C, Favager C, Peckham D, Wade E, Saalmink G, Clarke J, Glossop J, Murira J, Rangeley J, Woods J, Hall L, Dalton M, Window N, Beirne P, Hardy T, Coakley G, Turtle L, Berridge A, Cross A, Key AL, Rowe A, Allt AM, Mears C, Malein F, Madzamba G, Hardwick HE, Earley J, Hawkes J, Pratt J, Wyles J, Tripp KA, Hainey K, Allerton L, Lavelle-Langham L, Melling L, Wajero LO, Poll L, Noonan MJ, French N, Lewis-Burke N, Williams-Howard SA, Cooper S, Kaprowska S, Dobson SL, Marsh S, Highett V, Shaw V, Beadsworth M, Defres S, Watson E, Tiongson GF, Papineni P, Gurram S, Diwanji SN, Quaid S, Briggs A, Hastie C, Rogers N, Stensel D, Bishop L, McIvor K, Rivera-Ortega P, Al-Sheklly B, Avram C, Faluyi D, Blaikely J, Piper Hanley K, Radhakrishnan K, Buch M, Hanley NA, Odell N, Osbourne R, Stockdale S, Felton T, Gorsuch T, Hussell T, Kausar Z, Kabir T, McAllister-Williams H, Paddick S, Burn D, Ayoub A, Greenhalgh A, Sayer A, Young A, Price D, Burns G, MacGowan G, Fisher H, Tedd H, Simpson J, Jiwa K, Witham M, Hogarth P, West S, Wright S, McMahon MJ, Neill P, Dougherty A, Morrow A, Anderson D, Grieve D, Bayes H, Fallon K, Mangion K, Gilmour L, Basu N, Sykes R, Berry C, McInnes IB, Donaldson A, Sage EK, Barrett F, Welsh B, Bell M, Quigley J, Leitch K, Macliver L, Patel M, Hamil R, Deans A, Furniss J, Clohisey S, Elliott A, Solstice AR, Deas C, Tee C, Connell D, Sutherland D, George J, Mohammed S, Bunker J, Holmes K, Dipper A, Morley A, Arnold D, Adamali H, Welch H, Morrison L, Stadon L, Maskell N, Barratt S, Dunn S, Waterson S, Jayaraman B, Light T, Selby N, Hosseini A, Shaw K, Almeida P, Needham R, Thomas AK, Matthews L, Gupta A, Nikolaidis A, Dupont C, Bonnington J, Chrystal M, Greenhaff PL, Linford S, Prosper S, Jang W, Alamoudi A, Bloss A, Megson C, Nicoll D, Fraser E, Pacpaco E, Conneh F, Ogg G, McShane H, Koychev I, Chen J, Pimm J, Ainsworth M, Pavlides M, Sharpe M, Havinden-Williams M, Petousi N, Talbot N, Carter P, Kurupati P, Dong T, Peng Y, Burns A, Kanellakis N, Korszun A, Connolly B, Busby J, Peto T, Patel B, Nolan CM, Cristiano D, Walsh JA, Liyanage K, Gummadi M, Dormand N, Polgar O, George P, Barker RE, Patel S, Price L, Gibbons M, Matila D, Jarvis H, Lim L, Olaosebikan O, Ahmad S, Brill S, Mandal S, Laing C, Michael A, Reddy A, Johnson C, Baxendale H, Parfrey H, Mackie J, Newman J, Pack J, Parmar J, Paques K, Garner L, Harvey A, Summersgill C, Holgate D, Hardy E, Oxton J, Pendlebury J, McMorrow L, Mairs N, Majeed N, Dark P, Ugwuoke R, Knight S, Whittaker S, Strong-Sheldrake S, Matimba-Mupaya W, Chowienczyk P, Pattenadk D, Hurditch E, Chan F, Carborn H, Foot H, Bagshaw J, Hockridge J, Sidebottom J, Lee JH, Birchall K, Turner K, Haslam L, Holt L, Milner L, Begum M, Marshall M, Steele N, Tinker N, Ravencroft P, Butcher R, Misra S, Walker S, Coburn Z, Fairman A, Ford A, Holbourn A, Howell A, Lawrie A, Lye A, Mbuyisa A, Zawia A, Holroyd-Hind B, Thamu B, Clark C, Jarman C, Norman C, Roddis C, Foote D, Lee E, Ilyas F, Stephens G, Newell H, Turton H, Macharia I, Wilson I, Cole J, McNeill J, Meiring J, Rodger J, Watson J, Chapman K, Harrington K, Chetham L, Hesselden L, Nwafor L, Dixon M, Plowright M, Wade P, Gregory R, Lenagh R, Stimpson R, Megson S, Newman T, Cheng Y, Goodwin C, Heeley C, Sissons D, Sowter D, Gregory H, Wynter I, Hutchinson J, Kirk J, Bennett K, Slack K, Allsop L, Holloway L, Flynn M, Gill M, Greatorex M, Holmes M, Buckley P, Shelton S, Turner S, Sewell TA, Whitworth V, Lovegrove W, Tomlinson J, Warburton L, Painter S, Vickers C, Redwood D, Tilley J, Palmer S, Wainwright T, Breen G, Hotopf M, Dunleavy A, Teixeira J, Ali M, Mencias M, Msimanga N, Siddique S, Samakomva T, Tavoukjian V, Forton D, Ahmed R, Cook A, Thaivalappil F, Connor L, Rees T, McNarry M, Williams N, McCormick J, McIntosh J, Vere J, Coulding M, Kilroy S, Turner V, Butt AT, Savill H, Fraile E, Ugoji J, Landers G, Lota H, Portukhay S, Nasseri M, Daniels A, Hormis A, Ingham J, Zeidan L, Osborne L, Chablani M, Banerjee A, David A, Pakzad A, Rangelov B, Williams B, Denneny E, Willoughby J, Xu M, Mehta P, Batterham R, Bell R, Aslani S, Lilaonitkul W, Checkley A, Bang D, Basire D, Lomas D, Wall E, Plant H, Roy K, Heightman M, Lipman M, Merida Morillas M, Ahwireng N, Chambers RC, Jastrub R, Logan S, Hillman T, Botkai A, Casey A, Neal A, Newton-Cox A, Cooper B, Atkin C, McGee C, Welch C, Wilson D, Sapey E, Qureshi H, Hazeldine J, Lord JM, Nyaboko J, Short J, Stockley J, Dasgin J, Draxlbauer K, Isaacs K, Mcgee K, Yip KP, Ratcliffe L, Bates M, Ventura M, Ahmad Haider N, Gautam N, Baggott R, Holden S, Madathil S, Walder S, Yasmin S, Hiwot T, Jackson T, Soulsby T, Kamwa V, Peterkin Z, Suleiman Z, Chaudhuri N, Wheeler H, Djukanovic R, Samuel R, Sass T, Wallis T, Marshall B, Childs C, Marouzet E, Harvey M, Fletcher S, Dickens C, Beckett P, Nanda U, Daynes E, Charalambou A, Yousuf AJ, Lea A, Prickett A, Gooptu B, Hargadon B, Bourne C, Christie C, Edwardson C, Lee D, Baldry E, Stringer E, Woodhead F, Mills G, Arnold H, Aung H, Qureshi IN, Finch J, Skeemer J, Hadley K, Khunti K, Carr L, Ingram L, Aljaroof M, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldwin M, Bourne M, Pareek M, Soares M, Tobin M, Armstrong N, Brunskill N, Goodman N, Cairns P, Haldar P, McCourt P, Dowling R, Russell R, Diver S, Edwards S, Glover S, Parker S, Siddiqui S, Ward TJC, Mcnally T, Thornton T, Yates T, Ibrahim W, Monteiro W, Thickett D, Wilkinson D, Broome M, McArdle P, Upthegrove R, Wraith D, Langenberg C, Summers C, Bullmore E, Heeney JL, Schwaeble W, Sudlow CL, Adeloye D, Newby DE, Rudan I, Shankar-Hari M, Thorpe M, Pius R, Walmsley S, McGovern A, Ballard C, Allan L, Dennis J, Cavanagh J, Petrie J, O'Donnell K, Spears M, Sattar N, MacDonald S, Guthrie E, Henderson M, Guillen Guio B, Zhao B, Lawson C, Overton C, Taylor C, Tong C, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Turner E, Pearl JE, Sargant J, Wormleighton J, Bingham M, Sharma M, Steiner M, Samani N, Novotny P, Free R, Allen RJ, Finney S, Terry S, Brugha T, Plekhanova T, McArdle A, Vinson B, Spencer LG, Reynolds W, Ashworth M, Deakin B, Chinoy H, Abel K, Harvie M, Stanel S, Rostron A, Coleman C, Baguley D, Hufton E, Khan F, Hall I, Stewart I, Fabbri L, Wright L, Kitterick P, Morriss R, Johnson S, Bates A, Antoniades C, Clark D, Bhui K, Channon KM, Motohashi K, Sigfrid L, Husain M, Webster M, Fu X, Li X, Kingham L, Klenerman P, Miiler K, Carson G, Simons G, Huneke N, Calder PC, Baldwin D, Bain S, Lasserson D, Daines L, Bright E, Stern M, Crisp P, Dharmagunawardena R, Reddington A, Wight A, Bailey L, Ashish A, Robinson E, Cooper J, Broadley A, Turnbull A, Brookes C, Sarginson C, Ionita D, Redfearn H, Elliott K, Barman L, Griffiths L, Guy Z, Gill R, Nathu R, Harris E, Moss P, Finnigan J, Saunders K, Saunders P, Kon S, Kon SS, O'Brien L, Shah K, Shah P, Richardson E, Brown V, Brown M, Brown J, Brown J, Brown A, Brown A, Brown M, Choudhury N, Jones S, Jones H, Jones L, Jones I, Jones G, Jones H, Jones D, Davies F, Davies E, Davies K, Davies G, Davies GA, Howard K, Porter J, Rowland J, Rowland A, Scott K, Singh S, Singh C, Thomas S, Thomas C, Lewis V, Lewis J, Lewis D, Harrison P, Francis C, Francis R, Hughes RA, Hughes J, Hughes AD, Thompson T, Kelly S, Smith D, Smith N, Smith A, Smith J, Smith L, Smith S, Evans T, Evans RI, Evans D, Evans R, Evans H, Evans J. Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2023; 11:1003-1019. [PMID: 37748493 PMCID: PMC7615263 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. METHODS In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025. FINDINGS Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2-6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5-5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4-10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32-4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23-11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation. INTERPRETATION After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
Collapse
|
2
|
Basnet D, Makaju R, Gautam N, Shretsha B. Retroperitoneal Cyst of Mullerian Type. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:238-240. [PMID: 38628022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal mullerian cysts are rare, benign neoplastic cyst of urogenital subtype. They are usually asymptomatic and may present with symptoms if they grow considerably in size with pressure over the adjacent organ or follow infection, hemorrhage or rupture. Histologically, these cyst are lined with benign ciliated columnar epithelium. We present the case of a 30-year-old female with history of abdominal distension and epigastric pain. The mass excised was in retroperitoneal space and microscopic examination revealed benign cyst of mullerian origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Basnet
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R Makaju
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Shretsha
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malhotra V, Javed D, Bharshankar R, Singh V, Gautam N, Mishra S, Chundawat DS, Kushwah A, Singh G, Deep A. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Elderly during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study from Central India. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:556-566. [PMID: 37002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly people have been more prone to depression, anxiety and stress. During these trying times, they require more attention and support for their mental health. This cross-sectional study was performed with the duration of 06 months from March 2021 to August 2021 in AIIMS, Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh, in central India. And the participants recruited by systematic random sampling from a population aged more than 60 years, those who were able to read and write Hindi or English and having at least one family member; who reported to AIIMS, Bhopal during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. Those who were confirmed COVID-19 cases and undergoing treatment for the same, with diagnosed mental health disorders and who didn't give consent were excluded. A Google form based online semi-structured questionnaire along with DASS-21 scale was completed by participants. Elderly (>=60 years) will be selected. Of the 690 participants 7.25% reported mild to moderate depression, whereas 0.58 percent had severe or extremely severe depression. Mild to moderate anxiety were found in 9.56% of people, while 2.46% had severe or extremely severe anxiety. Mildly or moderately were stressed 4.78%, while 0.42% was severely or extremely anxious. Alcoholism and depression were found to have a statistically significant relationship (p=0.028). During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly subjects who napped during the day were substantially less depressed (p=0.033). The older the respondents were, the more nervous they were during the pandemic (p=0.042). There is a link between alcohol consumption and stress (p=0.043) and it was seen that females were more stressed as compared to males (p=0.045). There was a strong correlation between participants' alcohol addiction and depressive symptoms. Psychological therapies for the elderly are thought to be necessary to enhance their psychological resilience and mental health. We need to tackle the stigma related to the COVID-19 and mental health issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Malhotra
- Dr Varun Malhotra, Additional Professor, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, MP, India; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Katwal BM, Gautam N, Shrestha S, Adhikari R, Baral H, Jha SK, Jha G. Association of Different Biochemical and Hemodynamic Characteristic with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Nephrolithiasis Patients. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:58-63. [PMID: 37800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Although Nephrolithiasis is a common condition caused by a wide variety of metabolic or environmental disturbances, its being one of the major factor of morbidity. Incidence of kidney stone disease (KSD) is highly affected by metabolic disorders and change in blood pressure and glucose. Objective To find out association of different biochemical and hemodynamic parameters with various glycemic status and hypertension in kidney stone disease. Method A cross sectional study was conducted in patients diagnosed as nephrolithiasis by using re¬nal ultrasonography and underwent nephrectomy between January 2019 to January 2021 in Shahid Dharmabhakta National Transplant Centre (SDNTC). A total of 100 subjects with 60 male and 40 females were enrolled. Glycemic status was categorized based on criteria of American Diabetes Association (ADA) and hypertension was defined as BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg in right arm supine position. All biochemical and hemodynamic profile was carried out following standard protocol. Result Out of 100 patients enrolled, pre-diabetes accounted for 31% followed by diabetes (4%). However, hypertension comprised of 66% in total subjects. Serum urea, cholesterol and triglyceride level were found to be increased by 84.6%, 67.7% and 64.7% respectively in diabetes followed by increase of 3.9%, 19.5% and 3.1% respectively in prediabetes when compared to normal glycemic condition in nephrolithiasis subjects. Serum fasting blood glucose, creatinine and uric acid level was observed significantly higher (p=0.003, p=0.004, p < 0.001 respectively) in hypertensive patients. Duration of hospital stay was also seen positively correlated with hypertension. Conclusion Not only diabetes, prediabetes also manifests the increased risk of kidney stone disease along with hypertension. There is significant impairment in renal function and lipid profile based on diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Early identifying these systemic diseases, different biochemical and hemodynamic parameters and proper treatment accordingly may minimize risk and prevent serious complication in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Katwal
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Shahid Dharma National Transplant Center (SDNTC), Bhaktapur
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa
| | - S Shrestha
- Central Jail Hospital-Laboratory, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu
| | - R Adhikari
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Shahid Dharma National Transplant Center (SDNTC), Bhaktapur
| | - H Baral
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Shahid Dharma National Transplant Center (SDNTC), Bhaktapur
| | - S K Jha
- Department of Radiology, Kanti Children's Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu
| | - G Jha
- Department of Obsterics and Gynaecology, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Lalitpur
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kankanamge D, Tennakoon M, Karunarathne A, Gautam N. G protein gamma subunit, a hidden master regulator of GPCR signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102618. [PMID: 36272647 PMCID: PMC9678972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (αβγ subunits) that are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the biological responses of eukaryotic cells to extracellular signals. The α subunits and the tightly bound βγ subunit complex of G proteins have been extensively studied and shown to control the activity of effector molecules. In contrast, the potential roles of the large family of γ subunits have been less studied. In this review, we focus on present knowledge about these proteins. Induced loss of individual γ subunit types in animal and plant models result in strikingly distinct phenotypes indicating that γ subtypes play important and specific roles. Consistent with these findings, downregulation or upregulation of particular γ subunit types result in various types of cancers. Clues about the mechanistic basis of γ subunit function have emerged from imaging the dynamic behavior of G protein subunits in living cells. This shows that in the basal state, G proteins are not constrained to the plasma membrane but shuttle between membranes and on receptor activation βγ complexes translocate reversibly to internal membranes. The translocation kinetics of βγ complexes varies widely and is determined by the membrane affinity of the associated γ subtype. On translocating, some βγ complexes act on effectors in internal membranes. The variation in translocation kinetics determines differential sensitivity and adaptation of cells to external signals. Membrane affinity of γ subunits is thus a parsimonious and elegant mechanism that controls information flow to internal cell membranes while modulating signaling responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kankanamge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry, St Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gautam N, Makaju R, Basnet D, Lama B, Maharjan PB, Dahal S. Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumor Mimicking Acute Appendicitis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:532-534. [PMID: 37795739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Appendiceal carcinoids are the most frequent tumors arising from the appendix, comprising between 32 and 57% of all the appendiceal tumors. The gross appearance of the appendix showed perforation at the tip with 30 ml of periappendicular collection. On histopathological examination, carcinoid tumor on the tip of appendix was found with tumor cells arranged in tubules, acini and nests infiltrating the muscularis propria and sub serosa. Perineural and vascular invasion was not seen. Immunohistochemistry for Synaptophysin was positive with Ki-67 labelling index of 2%. We present a case of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumor with the chief complaint of acute appendicitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gautam
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R Makaju
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - D Basnet
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Lama
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - P B Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Dahal
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Estrin A, Wang X, Boccuti A, Prince P, Gautam N, Rengarajan B, Li W, Lu T, Cao Y, Naveh N, D'Agostino R, Ben-Joseph R, Ganti A. 1539P Real-world (RW) outcomes of second-line (2L) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients treated with lurbinectedin. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
8
|
Evans RA, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Aul R, Beirne P, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar-Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Fuld J, Hart N, Hurst J, Jones MG, Parekh D, Pfeffer P, Rahman NM, Rowland-Jones SL, Shah AM, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Greening NJ, Heaney LG, Heller S, Howard LS, Jacob J, Jenkins RG, Lord JM, Man WDC, McCann GP, Neubauer S, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Semple MG, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Thwaites RS, Briggs A, Docherty AB, Kerr S, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Thorpe M, Zheng B, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Marks M, Poinasamy K, Raman B, Harrison EM, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Abel K, Adamali H, Adeloye D, Adeyemi O, Adrego R, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Ahmad S, Ahmad Haider N, Ahmed R, Ahwireng N, Ainsworth M, Al-Sheklly B, Alamoudi A, Ali M, Aljaroof M, All AM, Allan L, Allen RJ, Allerton L, Allsop L, Almeida P, Altmann D, Alvarez Corral M, Amoils S, Anderson D, Antoniades C, Arbane G, Arias A, Armour C, Armstrong L, Armstrong N, Arnold D, Arnold H, Ashish A, Ashworth A, Ashworth M, Aslani S, Assefa-Kebede H, Atkin C, Atkin P, Aung H, Austin L, Avram C, Ayoub A, Babores M, Baggott R, Bagshaw J, Baguley D, Bailey L, Baillie JK, Bain S, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldry E, Baldwin D, Ballard C, Banerjee A, Bang B, Barker RE, Barman L, Barratt S, Barrett F, Basire D, Basu N, Bates M, Bates A, Batterham R, Baxendale H, Bayes H, Beadsworth M, Beckett P, Beggs M, Begum M, Bell D, Bell R, Bennett K, Beranova E, Bermperi A, Berridge A, Berry C, Betts S, Bevan E, Bhui K, Bingham M, Birchall K, Bishop L, Bisnauthsing K, Blaikely J, Bloss A, Bolger A, Bonnington J, Botkai A, Bourne C, Bourne M, Bramham K, Brear L, Breen G, Breeze J, Bright E, Brill S, Brindle K, Broad L, Broadley A, Brookes C, Broome M, Brown A, Brown A, Brown J, Brown J, Brown M, Brown M, Brown V, Brugha T, Brunskill N, Buch M, Buckley P, Bularga A, Bullmore E, Burden L, Burdett T, Burn D, Burns G, Burns A, Busby J, Butcher R, Butt A, Byrne S, Cairns P, Calder PC, Calvelo E, Carborn H, Card B, Carr C, Carr L, Carson G, Carter P, Casey A, Cassar M, Cavanagh J, Chablani M, Chambers RC, Chan F, Channon KM, Chapman K, Charalambou A, Chaudhuri N, Checkley A, Chen J, Cheng Y, Chetham L, Childs C, Chilvers ER, Chinoy H, Chiribiri A, Chong-James K, Choudhury N, Chowienczyk P, Christie C, Chrystal M, Clark D, Clark C, Clarke J, Clohisey S, Coakley G, Coburn Z, Coetzee S, Cole J, Coleman C, Conneh F, Connell D, Connolly B, Connor L, Cook A, Cooper B, Cooper J, Cooper S, Copeland D, Cosier T, Coulding M, Coupland C, Cox E, Craig T, Crisp P, Cristiano D, Crooks MG, Cross A, Cruz I, Cullinan P, Cuthbertson D, Daines L, Dalton M, Daly P, Daniels A, Dark P, Dasgin J, David A, David C, Davies E, Davies F, Davies G, Davies GA, Davies K, Dawson J, Daynes E, Deakin B, Deans A, Deas C, Deery J, Defres S, Dell A, Dempsey K, Denneny E, Dennis J, Dewar A, Dharmagunawardena R, Dickens C, Dipper A, Diver S, Diwanji SN, Dixon M, Djukanovic R, Dobson H, Dobson SL, Donaldson A, Dong T, Dormand N, Dougherty A, Dowling R, Drain S, Draxlbauer K, Drury K, Dulawan P, Dunleavy A, Dunn S, Earley J, Edwards S, Edwardson C, El-Taweel H, Elliott A, Elliott K, Ellis Y, Elmer A, Evans D, Evans H, Evans J, Evans R, Evans RI, Evans T, Evenden C, Evison L, Fabbri L, Fairbairn S, Fairman A, Fallon K, Faluyi D, Favager C, Fayzan T, Featherstone J, Felton T, Finch J, Finney S, Finnigan J, Finnigan L, Fisher H, Fletcher S, Flockton R, Flynn M, Foot H, Foote D, Ford A, Forton D, Fraile E, Francis C, Francis R, Francis S, Frankel A, Fraser E, Free R, French N, Fu X, Furniss J, Garner L, Gautam N, George J, George P, Gibbons M, Gill M, Gilmour L, Gleeson F, Glossop J, Glover S, Goodman N, Goodwin C, Gooptu B, Gordon H, Gorsuch T, Greatorex M, Greenhaff PL, Greenhalgh A, Greenwood J, Gregory H, Gregory R, Grieve D, Griffin D, Griffiths L, Guerdette AM, Guillen Guio B, Gummadi M, Gupta A, Gurram S, Guthrie E, Guy Z, H Henson H, Hadley K, Haggar A, Hainey K, Hairsine B, Haldar P, Hall I, Hall L, Halling-Brown M, Hamil R, Hancock A, Hancock K, Hanley NA, Haq S, Hardwick HE, Hardy E, Hardy T, Hargadon B, Harrington K, Harris E, Harrison P, Harvey A, Harvey M, Harvie M, Haslam L, Havinden-Williams M, Hawkes J, Hawkings N, Haworth J, Hayday A, Haynes M, Hazeldine J, Hazelton T, Heeley C, Heeney JL, Heightman M, Henderson M, Hesselden L, Hewitt M, Highett V, Hillman T, Hiwot T, Hoare A, Hoare M, Hockridge J, Hogarth P, Holbourn A, Holden S, Holdsworth L, Holgate D, Holland M, Holloway L, Holmes K, Holmes M, Holroyd-Hind B, Holt L, Hormis A, Hosseini A, Hotopf M, Howard K, Howell A, Hufton E, Hughes AD, Hughes J, Hughes R, Humphries A, Huneke N, Hurditch E, Husain M, Hussell T, Hutchinson J, Ibrahim W, Ilyas F, Ingham J, Ingram L, Ionita D, Isaacs K, Ismail K, Jackson T, James WY, Jarman C, Jarrold I, Jarvis H, Jastrub R, Jayaraman B, Jezzard P, Jiwa K, Johnson C, Johnson S, Johnston D, Jolley CJ, Jones D, Jones G, Jones H, Jones H, Jones I, Jones L, Jones S, Jose S, Kabir T, Kaltsakas G, Kamwa V, Kanellakis N, Kaprowska S, Kausar Z, Keenan N, Kelly S, Kemp G, Kerslake H, Key AL, Khan F, Khunti K, Kilroy S, King B, King C, Kingham L, Kirk J, Kitterick P, Klenerman P, Knibbs L, Knight S, Knighton A, Kon O, Kon S, Kon SS, Koprowska S, Korszun A, Koychev I, Kurasz C, Kurupati P, Laing C, Lamlum H, Landers G, Langenberg C, Lasserson D, Lavelle-Langham L, Lawrie A, Lawson C, Lawson C, Layton A, Lea A, Lee D, Lee JH, Lee E, Leitch K, Lenagh R, Lewis D, Lewis J, Lewis V, Lewis-Burke N, Li X, Light T, Lightstone L, Lilaonitkul W, Lim L, Linford S, Lingford-Hughes A, Lipman M, Liyanage K, Lloyd A, Logan S, Lomas D, Loosley R, Lota H, Lovegrove W, Lucey A, Lukaschuk E, Lye A, Lynch C, MacDonald S, MacGowan G, Macharia I, Mackie J, Macliver L, Madathil S, Madzamba G, Magee N, Magtoto MM, Mairs N, Majeed N, Major E, Malein F, Malim M, Mallison G, Mandal S, Mangion K, Manisty C, Manley R, March K, Marciniak S, Marino P, Mariveles M, Marouzet E, Marsh S, Marshall B, Marshall M, Martin J, Martineau A, Martinez LM, Maskell N, Matila D, Matimba-Mupaya W, Matthews L, Mbuyisa A, McAdoo S, Weir McCall J, McAllister-Williams H, McArdle A, McArdle P, McAulay D, McCormick J, McCormick W, McCourt P, McGarvey L, McGee C, Mcgee K, McGinness J, McGlynn K, McGovern A, McGuinness H, McInnes IB, McIntosh J, McIvor E, McIvor K, McLeavey L, McMahon A, McMahon MJ, McMorrow L, Mcnally T, McNarry M, McNeill J, McQueen A, McShane H, Mears C, Megson C, Megson S, Mehta P, Meiring J, Melling L, Mencias M, Menzies D, Merida Morillas M, Michael A, Milligan L, Miller C, Mills C, Mills NL, Milner L, Misra S, Mitchell J, Mohamed A, Mohamed N, Mohammed S, Molyneaux PL, Monteiro W, Moriera S, Morley A, Morrison L, Morriss R, Morrow A, Moss AJ, Moss P, Motohashi K, Msimanga N, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Munawar U, Murira J, Nanda U, Nassa H, Nasseri M, Neal A, Needham R, Neill P, Newell H, Newman T, Newton-Cox A, Nicholson T, Nicoll D, Nolan CM, Noonan MJ, Norman C, Novotny P, Nunag J, Nwafor L, Nwanguma U, Nyaboko J, O'Donnell K, O'Brien C, O'Brien L, O'Regan D, Odell N, Ogg G, Olaosebikan O, Oliver C, Omar Z, Orriss-Dib L, Osborne L, Osbourne R, Ostermann M, Overton C, Owen J, Oxton J, Pack J, Pacpaco E, Paddick S, Painter S, Pakzad A, Palmer S, Papineni P, Paques K, Paradowski K, Pareek M, Parfrey H, Pariante C, Parker S, Parkes M, Parmar J, Patale S, Patel B, Patel M, Patel S, Pattenadk D, Pavlides M, Payne S, Pearce L, Pearl JE, Peckham D, Pendlebury J, Peng Y, Pennington C, Peralta I, Perkins E, Peterkin Z, Peto T, Petousi N, Petrie J, Phipps J, Pimm J, Piper Hanley K, Pius R, Plant H, Plein S, Plekhanova T, Plowright M, Polgar O, Poll L, Porter J, Portukhay S, Powell N, Prabhu A, Pratt J, Price A, Price C, Price C, Price D, Price L, Price L, Prickett A, Propescu J, Pugmire S, Quaid S, Quigley J, Qureshi H, Qureshi IN, Radhakrishnan K, Ralser M, Ramos A, Ramos H, Rangeley J, Rangelov B, Ratcliffe L, Ravencroft P, Reddington A, Reddy R, Redfearn H, Redwood D, Reed A, Rees M, Rees T, Regan K, Reynolds W, Ribeiro C, Richards A, Richardson E, Rivera-Ortega P, Roberts K, Robertson E, Robinson E, Robinson L, Roche L, Roddis C, Rodger J, Ross A, Ross G, Rossdale J, Rostron A, Rowe A, Rowland A, Rowland J, Roy K, Roy M, Rudan I, Russell R, Russell E, Saalmink G, Sabit R, Sage EK, Samakomva T, Samani N, Sampson C, Samuel K, Samuel R, Sanderson A, Sapey E, Saralaya D, Sargant J, Sarginson C, Sass T, Sattar N, Saunders K, Saunders P, Saunders LC, Savill H, Saxon W, Sayer A, Schronce J, Schwaeble W, Scott K, Selby N, Sewell TA, Shah K, Shah P, Shankar-Hari M, Sharma M, Sharpe C, Sharpe M, Shashaa S, Shaw A, Shaw K, Shaw V, Shelton S, Shenton L, Shevket K, Short J, Siddique S, Siddiqui S, Sidebottom J, Sigfrid L, Simons G, Simpson J, Simpson N, Singh C, Singh S, Sissons D, Skeemer J, Slack K, Smith A, Smith D, Smith S, Smith J, Smith L, Soares M, Solano TS, Solly R, Solstice AR, Soulsby T, Southern D, Sowter D, Spears M, Spencer LG, Speranza F, Stadon L, Stanel S, Steele N, Steiner M, Stensel D, Stephens G, Stephenson L, Stern M, Stewart I, Stimpson R, Stockdale S, Stockley J, Stoker W, Stone R, Storrar W, Storrie A, Storton K, Stringer E, Strong-Sheldrake S, Stroud N, Subbe C, Sudlow CL, Suleiman Z, Summers C, Summersgill C, Sutherland D, Sykes DL, Sykes R, Talbot N, Tan AL, Tarusan L, Tavoukjian V, Taylor A, Taylor C, Taylor J, Te A, Tedd H, Tee CJ, Teixeira J, Tench H, Terry S, Thackray-Nocera S, Thaivalappil F, Thamu B, Thickett D, Thomas C, Thomas S, Thomas AK, Thomas-Woods T, Thompson T, Thompson AAR, Thornton T, Tilley J, Tinker N, Tiongson GF, Tobin M, Tomlinson J, Tong C, Touyz R, Tripp KA, Tunnicliffe E, Turnbull A, Turner E, Turner S, Turner V, Turner K, Turney S, Turtle L, Turton H, Ugoji J, Ugwuoke R, Upthegrove R, Valabhji J, Ventura M, Vere J, Vickers C, Vinson B, Wade E, Wade P, Wainwright T, Wajero LO, Walder S, Walker S, Walker S, Wall E, Wallis T, Walmsley S, Walsh JA, Walsh S, Warburton L, Ward TJC, Warwick K, Wassall H, Waterson S, Watson E, Watson L, Watson J, Welch C, Welch H, Welsh B, Wessely S, West S, Weston H, Wheeler H, White S, Whitehead V, Whitney J, Whittaker S, Whittam B, Whitworth V, Wight A, Wild J, Wilkins M, Wilkinson D, Williams N, Williams N, Williams J, Williams-Howard SA, Willicombe M, Willis G, Willoughby J, Wilson A, Wilson D, Wilson I, Window N, Witham M, Wolf-Roberts R, Wood C, Woodhead F, Woods J, Wormleighton J, Worsley J, Wraith D, Wrey Brown C, Wright C, Wright L, Wright S, Wyles J, Wynter I, Xu M, Yasmin N, Yasmin S, Yates T, Yip KP, Young B, Young S, Young A, Yousuf AJ, Zawia A, Zeidan L, Zhao B, Zongo O. Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10:761-775. [PMID: 35472304 PMCID: PMC9034855 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions exist for patients with long COVID. We aimed to describe recovery 1 year after hospital discharge for COVID-19, identify factors associated with patient-perceived recovery, and identify potential therapeutic targets by describing the underlying inflammatory profiles of the previously described recovery clusters at 5 months after hospital discharge. METHODS The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID-19 across the UK. Recovery was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at 5 months and 1 year after hospital discharge, and stratified by both patient-perceived recovery and recovery cluster. Hierarchical logistic regression modelling was performed for patient-perceived recovery at 1 year. Cluster analysis was done using the clustering large applications k-medoids approach using clinical outcomes at 5 months. Inflammatory protein profiling was analysed from plasma at the 5-month visit. This study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN10980107, and recruitment is ongoing. FINDINGS 2320 participants discharged from hospital between March 7, 2020, and April 18, 2021, were assessed at 5 months after discharge and 807 (32·7%) participants completed both the 5-month and 1-year visits. 279 (35·6%) of these 807 patients were women and 505 (64·4%) were men, with a mean age of 58·7 (SD 12·5) years, and 224 (27·8%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO class 7-9). The proportion of patients reporting full recovery was unchanged between 5 months (501 [25·5%] of 1965) and 1 year (232 [28·9%] of 804). Factors associated with being less likely to report full recovery at 1 year were female sex (odds ratio 0·68 [95% CI 0·46-0·99]), obesity (0·50 [0·34-0·74]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (0·42 [0·23-0·76]). Cluster analysis (n=1636) corroborated the previously reported four clusters: very severe, severe, moderate with cognitive impairment, and mild, relating to the severity of physical health, mental health, and cognitive impairment at 5 months. We found increased inflammatory mediators of tissue damage and repair in both the very severe and the moderate with cognitive impairment clusters compared with the mild cluster, including IL-6 concentration, which was increased in both comparisons (n=626 participants). We found a substantial deficit in median EQ-5D-5L utility index from before COVID-19 (retrospective assessment; 0·88 [IQR 0·74-1·00]), at 5 months (0·74 [0·64-0·88]) to 1 year (0·75 [0·62-0·88]), with minimal improvements across all outcome measures at 1 year after discharge in the whole cohort and within each of the four clusters. INTERPRETATION The sequelae of a hospital admission with COVID-19 were substantial 1 year after discharge across a range of health domains, with the minority in our cohort feeling fully recovered. Patient-perceived health-related quality of life was reduced at 1 year compared with before hospital admission. Systematic inflammation and obesity are potential treatable traits that warrant further investigation in clinical trials. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jha SK, Lohani B, Pant AD, Chataut D, Regmi D, Bhatta U, Gautam N, Jha G. Correlation between Sonoelastographic, Doppler and Histopathological Findings in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Tertiary Care Centre. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:346-350. [PMID: 37042378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Ultrasound (USG) with Doppler examination of intrarenal vessels is the imaging modality of choice employed in patients with renal failure and is commonly performed early in the clinical course. The pulsatility index (PI) and the resistive index (RI) of downstream renal artery have been found to correlate with renal vascular resistance, filtration fraction and effective renal plasma flow in chronic renal failure. Pathological process in any tissues alters their elastic properties which can be assessed non-invasively through newer technique like elastography. Objective To correlate the findings obtained by sonoelastographic, doppler and histopathological studies in chronic kidney disease patients. Method Study was done in 146 patients referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, TUTH for native renal biopsy. Renal sonographic morphology (length, echogenicity, cortical thickness), Sonoelastography (Young's modulus) and Doppler parameters (peak systolic velocity, resistive index) were assessed. The grading of estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated based on chronic kidney disease (CKD) criteria. Result Among 146 patients, 63 (43.2%) were females and 83 (56.8%) were males. Maximum patients were in age group of 41-50 years (25.3%) followed by age group 51-60 years (24%). Mean age of patient was 42.06±14.70 for males and 39.57±12.54 females. Maximum mean Young's modulus was seen in eGFR stage G1 with 46.57±19.51 kPa followed by in stage G3a with 36.46±10.01 kPa and observed to be statistically non-significant (p=0.172). However, statistical significance difference was noted between the resistive index and elastographic measurement of Young's modulus (r=0.462, p=0.0001). Minimum mean cortical thickness was seen in eGFR stage G5 with 4.42±1.48 mm followed by stage G4 with 5.57±1.24 mm (p= 0.0001). Cortical thickness is decreasing as eGFR stage was increasing in our study (p=0.0001). Resistive index is increasing with decrease in renal size (r=-0.202, p=0.015). Conclusion Ultrasonography along with doppler study and elastography have limited role in diagnosing the pathology of chronic kidney disease, however, it has significant role in the disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Jha
- Department of Radiology, Kanti Children's Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Lohani
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Maharajgunj Multple Campus, TU Teaching Hospital, Maharagunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A D Pant
- Department of Pathology, Maharajgunj Multple Campus, TU Teaching Hospital, Maharagunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D Chataut
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Maharajgunj Multple Campus, TU Teaching Hospital, Maharagunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D Regmi
- Department of Radiology, Kanti Children's Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - U Bhatta
- Department of Pathology, Kanti Children's Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - G Jha
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deodhar S, Sillman B, Bade AN, Avedissian SN, Podany AT, McMillan JM, Gautam N, Hanson B, Dyavar Shetty BL, Szlachetka A, Johnston M, Thurman M, Munt DJ, Dash AK, Markovic M, Dahan A, Alnouti Y, Yazdi A, Kevadiya BD, Byrareddy SN, Cohen SM, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Transformation of dolutegravir into an ultra-long-acting parenteral prodrug formulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3226. [PMID: 35680875 PMCID: PMC9184486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-long-acting integrase strand transfer inhibitors were created by screening a library of monomeric and dimeric dolutegravir (DTG) prodrug nanoformulations. This led to an 18-carbon chain modified ester prodrug nanocrystal (coined NM2DTG) with the potential to sustain yearly dosing. Here, we show that the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) formulation properties facilitate slow drug release from tissue macrophage depot stores at the muscle injection site and adjacent lymphoid tissues following single parenteral injection. Significant plasma drug levels are recorded up to a year following injection. Tissue sites for prodrug hydrolysis are dependent on nanocrystal dissolution and prodrug release, drug-depot volume, perfusion, and cell-tissue pH. Each affect an extended NM2DTG apparent half-life recorded by PK parameters. The NM2DTG product can impact therapeutic adherence, tolerability, and access of a widely used integrase inhibitor in both resource limited and rich settings to reduce HIV-1 transmission and achieve optimal treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.,Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sean N Avedissian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Anthony T Podany
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Brandon Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhagya L Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Adam Szlachetka
- Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Morgan Johnston
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Daniel J Munt
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Alekha K Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Alborz Yazdi
- Exavir Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Exavir Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, 10012, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Exavir Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, 10012, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Napoleon JV, Sagar S, Kubica SP, Boghean L, Kour S, King HM, Sonawane YA, Crawford AJ, Gautam N, Kizhake S, Bialk PA, Kmiec E, Mallareddy JR, Patil PP, Rana S, Singh S, Prahlad J, Grandgenett PM, Borgstahl GEO, Ghosal G, Alnouti Y, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P, Natarajan A. Small-molecule IKKβ activation modulator (IKAM) targets MAP3K1 and inhibits pancreatic tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115071119. [PMID: 35476515 PMCID: PMC9170026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of inhibitor of nuclear factor NF-κB kinase subunit-β (IKKβ), characterized by phosphorylation of activation loop serine residues 177 and 181, has been implicated in the early onset of cancer. On the other hand, tissue-specific IKKβ knockout in Kras mutation-driven mouse models stalled the disease in the precancerous stage. In this study, we used cell line models, tumor growth studies, and patient samples to assess the role of IKKβ and its activation in cancer. We also conducted a hit-to-lead optimization study that led to the identification of 39-100 as a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) 1 inhibitor. We show that IKKβ is not required for growth of Kras mutant pancreatic cancer (PC) cells but is critical for PC tumor growth in mice. We also observed elevated basal levels of activated IKKβ in PC cell lines, PC patient-derived tumors, and liver metastases, implicating it in disease onset and progression. Optimization of an ATP noncompetitive IKKβ inhibitor resulted in the identification of 39-100, an orally bioavailable inhibitor with improved potency and pharmacokinetic properties. The compound 39-100 did not inhibit IKKβ but inhibited the IKKβ kinase MAP3K1 with low-micromolar potency. MAP3K1-mediated IKKβ phosphorylation was inhibited by 39-100, thus we termed it IKKβ activation modulator (IKAM) 1. In PC models, IKAM-1 reduced activated IKKβ levels, inhibited tumor growth, and reduced metastasis. Our findings suggests that MAP3K1-mediated IKKβ activation contributes to KRAS mutation-associated PC growth and IKAM-1 is a viable pretherapeutic lead that targets this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Victor Napoleon
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sydney P. Kubica
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Lidia Boghean
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Hannah M. King
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Yogesh A. Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ayrianne J. Crawford
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Pawel A. Bialk
- Gene Editing Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE 19713
| | - Eric Kmiec
- Gene Editing Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE 19713
| | | | - Prathamesh P. Patil
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Janani Prahlad
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Paul M. Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Gloria E. O. Borgstahl
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Gargi Ghosal
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gautam N, Dhungana R, Gyawali S, Dhakal S, Pradhan PM. Perception of Medical Students Regarding TU-IOM MBBS Curriculum and Teaching Learning Methods in Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:219-224. [PMID: 37017170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The present Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) curriculum under Tribhuvan University - Institute of Medicine (TU-IOM) was last revised twelve-years back. Though the curriculum was built upon internationally approved recommendations on curriculum design, it is ineffectively practiced in most medical schools of Nepal with major focus on didactic teaching-learning. The curriculum, hence, needs effective implementation and revision. Objective To identify the strengths, weaknesses, and areas of improvement in the medical curriculum through student-based feedback and outline the possibility of incorporating newer evidence-based teaching-learning methodologies in Nepal. Method This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. With appropriate ethical approval, a questionnaire was developed and disseminated virtually to all medical students of Nepal under TU from MBBS fourth year onwards. The questionnaire comprised of Likert and close-ended questions. The data analysis was followed after receiving the filled questionnaire through Google forms. Result A total of 337 respondents participated in the study. The most effectively implemented components out of the SPICES model were Integrated learning (I) and Communitybased learning (C), with 73.89% and 68.84% responses. There were 94.7% (319) students who favored the incorporation of research in the core curriculum. Only 34.2% (115) students found PowerPoint lectures, the most utilized form of teachinglearning in Nepal, as engaging. The respondents (84.6%) showed a high degree of readiness to incorporate newer evidence-based teaching-learning tools such as flipped learning, blended learning, and peer-to-peer learning. Conclusion This study shows that effective interventions must be rethought on various aspects of the curriculum, taking students' feedback on the table while considering curricular revision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gautam
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Dhungana
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Gyawali
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Dhakal
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P Ms Pradhan
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar D, Gautam N, Alnouti Y. Analyte recovery in LC-MS/MS bioanalysis: An old issue revisited. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1198:339512. [PMID: 35190119 PMCID: PMC8864627 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are several challenges associated with LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method development and validation. Low and variable recovery of some analytes, especially the more hydrophobic ones, is often challenging. Analytes can be lost to various extents throughout the process of sample collection, storage, before, during, and/or after sample preparation and analysis. The calculation of overall extraction recovery can detect problems of low recovery during sample preparation but does not identify the source(s) of analyte losses. Low overall analyte recovery is the net result of losses that can happen for multiple reasons at all steps of sample preparation and analysis. Therefore, identifying the source(s) of analyte loss during sample preparation can help guide the optimization the bioanalysis conditions to minimize these losses. In this article we propose a practical protocol to systematically identify and quantify the sources of low analyte recovery. This allows the proper choice of strategies to optimize the relevant bioanalytical conditions to minimize analyte losses and improve overall recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cho WS, Koju G, Parajuli S, Gautam N, Smith M. Round window membrane rupture following blunt force trauma. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:e12-e13. [PMID: 34972493 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Round window rupture following barotrauma such as diving and air travel is well documented. However, we describe a case of round window rupture following a slap to the ear, which has not been described previously. A 12-year-old boy was slapped by his teacher in rural Nepal over his left ear and immediately noted hearing loss. There was no dizziness or tinnitus. He presented to our unit 21 days after the trauma and examination showed a perforation of the tympanic membrane in the anterior inferior quadrant with an otherwise normal ear examination and no nystagmus seen. Audiogram showed a left profound hearing loss, which was supported by auditory brainstem response test. Exploratory tympanotomy showed active perilymph leakage from the round window niche as demonstrated in the video attached. The round window was packed with cartilage and fascia to address the perilymph leakage. The patient was discharged the following day without any complications. This is an unusual cause for round window membrane rupture where the patient presented with hearing loss as his only symptom. Tympanotomy is recommended for patients with hearing loss following trauma with normal computed tomography imaging to exclude perilymph leak secondary to inner ear barotrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W S Cho
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - G Koju
- The Ear Centre, Green Pastures Hospital, Nepal
| | - S Parajuli
- The Ear Centre, Green Pastures Hospital, Nepal
| | - N Gautam
- The Ear Centre, Green Pastures Hospital, Nepal
| | - M Smith
- The Ear Centre, Green Pastures Hospital, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gautam N, Makaju R, Basnet D, Lama B, Maharjan PB. Cartilaginous Choristoma of Tonsil: A hidden clinical entity. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:528-530. [PMID: 36259202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Choristoma is a tumor like mass which is an ectopic rest of normal tissue due to embryological developmental defect. The presence of choristoma in tonsil is extremely rare. On histopathological examination, mature hyaline cartilage were found surrounded by lymphoid follicles. We present a case of cartilaginous choristoma with the complaint of recurrent tonsillitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gautam
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R Makaju
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - D Basnet
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Lama
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - P B Maharjan
- Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cobb DA, Smith N, Deodhar S, Bade AN, Gautam N, Shetty BLD, McMillan J, Alnouti Y, Cohen SM, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. Transformation of tenofovir into stable ProTide nanocrystals with long-acting pharmacokinetic profiles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5458. [PMID: 34531390 PMCID: PMC8445934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection was transformed through widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, ART has limitations in requiring life-long daily adherence. Such limitations have led to the creation of long-acting (LA) ART. While nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) remain the ART backbone, to the best of our knowledge, none have been converted into LA agents. To these ends, we transformed tenofovir (TFV) into LA surfactant stabilized aqueous prodrug nanocrystals (referred to as NM1TFV and NM2TFV), enhancing intracellular drug uptake and retention. A single intramuscular injection of NM1TFV, NM2TFV, or a nanoformulated tenofovir alafenamide (NTAF) at 75 mg/kg TFV equivalents to Sprague Dawley rats sustains active TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels ≥ four times the 90% effective dose for two months. NM1TFV, NM2TFV and NTAF elicit TFV-DP levels of 11,276, 1,651, and 397 fmol/g in rectal tissue, respectively. These results are a significant step towards a LA TFV ProTide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma S, Lesiak L, Aretz CD, Du Y, Kumar S, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Dhuria NV, Chhonker YS, Weaver CD, Hopkins CR. Discovery, synthesis and biological characterization of a series of N-(1-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiophen-3-yl)-3-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetamide ethers as novel GIRK1/2 potassium channel activators. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1366-1373. [PMID: 34458739 PMCID: PMC8372201 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the discovery and characterization of a series of N-(1-(1,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiophen-3-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetamide ethers as G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel activators. From our previous lead optimization efforts, we have identified a new ether-based scaffold and paired this with a novel sulfone-based head group to identify a potent and selective GIRK1/2 activator. In addition, we evaluated the compounds in tier 1 DMPK assays and have identified compounds that display nanomolar potency as GIRK1/2 activators with improved metabolic stability over the prototypical urea-based compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swagat Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Lauren Lesiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Christopher D Aretz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37232 USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Nikilesh V Dhuria
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - C David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37232 USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dyavar SR, Kumar S, Gautam N, Podany AT, Winchester LC, Weinhold JA, Mykris TM, Nallasamy P, Alnouti Y, Fletcher CV. Intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of antiretroviral drugs, compared with oral, enhances delivery to lymphoid tissues in BALB/c mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2651-2658. [PMID: 34312680 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple tissue reservoirs are established soon after HIV infection, and some tissues may also be pharmacological sanctuaries. Parenteral administration of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection is an active area of drug development. The influence of route of administration on ARV tissue pharmacokinetics is not known. OBJECTIVES To investigate ARV pharmacokinetics in lymphatic and select non-lymphatic tissues (e.g. brain and testes) after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration compared with oral in BALB/c mice. METHODS Tissue concentrations of cobicistat, efavirenz, elvitegravir, maraviroc, rilpivirine, tenofovir alafenamide and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were determined. The tissue penetration ratio (TPR) was the primary measure for comparison; a change in TPR arises from factors affecting tissue distribution controlling for changes in systemic bioavailability. RESULTS Intramuscular and subcutaneous delivery increased TPRs in the lymph node and spleen for 27 of 28 (96%) drug administration events. Decreased TPRs, however, were found in some tissues such as the brain and testes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a change in route of drug administration from oral to intramuscular or subcutaneous can change tissue uptake. This has implications for HIV pharmacotherapy. For example, HIV persists in lymphoid tissues despite long-term oral ARV therapy, and low ARV concentrations have been found in lymphoid tissues. The improved ARV lymphatic tissue bioavailability with intramuscular and subcutaneous administration allows future studies to investigate these routes of drug administration as a therapeutic manoeuvre to limit viral persistence and eliminate viral sanctuaries in the lymphatic tissues, which is a prerequisite for eradication of HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anthony T Podany
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lee C Winchester
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jonathan A Weinhold
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy M Mykris
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Courtney V Fletcher
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Castillo-Badillo JA, Gautam N. An optogenetic model reveals cell shape regulation through FAK and fascin. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:269115. [PMID: 34114634 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell shape regulation is important, but the mechanisms that govern shape are not fully understood, in part due to limited experimental models in which cell shape changes and underlying molecular processes can be rapidly and non-invasively monitored in real time. Here, we used an optogenetic tool to activate RhoA in the middle of mononucleated macrophages to induce contraction, resulting in a side with the nucleus that retained its shape and a non-nucleated side that was unable to maintain its shape and collapsed. In cells overexpressing focal adhesion kinase (FAK; also known as PTK2), the non-nucleated side exhibited a wide flat morphology and was similar in adhesion area to the nucleated side. In cells overexpressing fascin, an actin-bundling protein, the non-nucleated side assumed a spherical shape and was similar in height to the nucleated side. This effect of fascin was also observed in fibroblasts even without inducing furrow formation. Based on these results, we conclude that FAK and fascin work together to maintain cell shape by regulating adhesion area and height, respectively, in different cell types. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Castillo-Badillo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shahi A, Gautam N, Rawal S, Sharma U, Jayan A. Lipid Profile and Ultrasonographic Grading in Alcoholic and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Patients. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:334-338. [PMID: 36254420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a common and major chronic liver disease. It has been implicated that patients have disorders of lipid metabolism and are involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Hence, it was designed to observe the association between lipid profile and fatty liver disease. Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of lipid profile status, hemoglobin and albumin levels with fatty liver disease patients diagnosed based on ultrasonography (USG). Method This Cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Internal Medicine with the collaboration of the Department of Radiology and Department of Biochemistry, Universal College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa, Nepal from March 2019 to February 2020 in a total of 100 patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease by ultrasonography. The fasting blood was collected for lipid profile and carried out in the automated analyzer following standard protocol. Result In 100 cases, the male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Fifty six percent of the total cases presented with alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) while the remaining 44% with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The spectrum of lipid abnormality was observed with increased total cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), increased triglycerides (TG), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) in alcoholic fatty liver disease cases as compared to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cases. However, it has been observed that TG/HDL and Non-HDL/HDL were higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as compared to alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in HDL between AFLG2 and NAFLG2 (p-value: 0.012). Conclusion Dyslipidemia and decreased HDL have been implicated in fatty liver diseases. USG in conjunction with Non-HDL/HDL, TG/HDL, hemoglobin, and albumin can be useful in early screening and monitoring of dyslipidemia in fatty liver patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - S Rawal
- Department of Radiology, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - U Sharma
- B.Sc. MLT Student, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - A Jayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gautam N, McMillan JM, Kumar D, Bade AN, Pan Q, Kulkarni TA, Li W, Sillman B, Smith NA, Shetty BLD, Szlachetka A, Edagwa BJ, Gendelman HE, Alnouti Y. Lipophilic nanocrystal prodrug-release defines the extended pharmacokinetic profiles of a year-long cabotegravir. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3453. [PMID: 34103484 PMCID: PMC8187380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A once every eight-week cabotegravir (CAB) long-acting parenteral is more effective than daily oral emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in preventing human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) transmission. Extending CAB dosing to a yearly injectable advances efforts for the elimination of viral transmission. Here we report rigor, reproducibility and mechanistic insights for a year-long CAB injectable. Pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of this nanoformulated CAB prodrug (NM2CAB) are affirmed at three independent research laboratories. PK profiles in mice and rats show plasma CAB levels at or above the protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration for a year after a single dose. Sustained native and prodrug concentrations are at the muscle injection site and in lymphoid tissues. The results parallel NM2CAB uptake and retention in human macrophages. NM2CAB nanocrystals are stable in blood and tissue homogenates. The long apparent drug half-life follows pH-dependent prodrug hydrolysis upon slow prodrug nanocrystal dissolution and absorption. In contrast, solubilized prodrug is hydrolyzed in hours in plasma and tissues from multiple mammalian species. No toxicities are observed in animals. These results affirm the pharmacological properties and extended apparent half-life for a nanoformulated CAB prodrug. The report serves to support the mechanistic design for drug formulation safety, rigor and reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Qiaoyu Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tanmay A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagya L Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adam Szlachetka
- Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Copits BA, Gowrishankar R, O'Neill PR, Li JN, Girven KS, Yoo JJ, Meshik X, Parker KE, Spangler SM, Elerding AJ, Brown BJ, Shirley SE, Ma KKL, Vasquez AM, Stander MC, Kalyanaraman V, Vogt SK, Samineni VK, Patriarchi T, Tian L, Gautam N, Sunahara RK, Gereau RW, Bruchas MR. A photoswitchable GPCR-based opsin for presynaptic inhibition. Neuron 2021; 109:1791-1809.e11. [PMID: 33979635 PMCID: PMC8194251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical manipulations of genetically defined cell types have generated significant insights into the dynamics of neural circuits. While optogenetic activation has been relatively straightforward, rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition has proven more elusive. Here, we leveraged the natural ability of inhibitory presynaptic GPCRs to suppress synaptic transmission and characterize parapinopsin (PPO) as a GPCR-based opsin for terminal inhibition. PPO is a photoswitchable opsin that couples to Gi/o signaling cascades and is rapidly activated by pulsed blue light, switched off with amber light, and effective for repeated, prolonged, and reversible inhibition. PPO rapidly and reversibly inhibits glutamate, GABA, and dopamine release at presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, PPO alters reward behaviors in a time-locked and reversible manner in vivo. These results demonstrate that PPO fills a significant gap in the neuroscience toolkit for rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition and has broad utility for spatiotemporal control of inhibitory GPCR signaling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Raaj Gowrishankar
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patrick R O'Neill
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Shirley and Stefan Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jun-Nan Li
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kasey S Girven
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Judy J Yoo
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xenia Meshik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle E Parker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Skylar M Spangler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abigail J Elerding
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bobbie J Brown
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sofia E Shirley
- Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly K L Ma
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexis M Vasquez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Christine Stander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sherri K Vogt
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vijay K Samineni
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roger K Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center of Excellence in the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alamoudi JA, Li W, Gautam N, Olivera M, Meza J, Mukherjee S, Alnouti Y. Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases II: The bile acid score survival prognostic model. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:543-556. [PMID: 34131469 PMCID: PMC8173345 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i5.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by an accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver, blood and other tissues which lead to progressive liver injury and poor prognosis in patients.
AIM To discover and validate prognostic biomarkers of cholestatic liver diseases based on the urinary BA profile.
METHODS We analyzed urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and investigated the use of the urinary BA profile to develop survival models that can predict the prognosis of hepatobiliary diseases. The urinary BA profile, a set of non-BA parameters, and the adverse events of liver transplant and/or death were monitored in 257 patients with cholestatic liver diseases for up to 7 years. The BA profile was characterized by calculating BA indices, which quantify the composition, metabolism, hydrophilicity, formation of secondary BA, and toxicity of the BA profile. We have developed and validated the bile-acid score (BAS) model (a survival model based on BA indices) to predict the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases.
RESULTS We have developed and validated a survival model based on BA (the BAS model) indices to predict the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases. Our results demonstrate that the BAS model is more accurate and results in higher true-positive and true-negative prediction of death compared to both non-BAS and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) models. Both 5- and 3-year survival probabilities markedly decreased as a function of BAS. Moreover, patients with high BAS had a 4-fold higher rate of death and lived for an average of 11 mo shorter than subjects with low BAS. The increased risk of death with high vs low BAS was also 2-4-fold higher and the shortening of lifespan was 6-7-mo lower compared to MELD or non-BAS. Similarly, we have shown the use of BAS to predict the survival of patients with and without liver transplant (LT). Therefore, BAS could be used to define the most seriously ill patients, who need earlier intervention such as LT. This will help provide guidance for timely care for liver patients.
CONCLUSION The BAS model is more accurate than MELD and non-BAS models in predicting the prognosis of cholestatic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
| | - Marco Olivera
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, United States
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, United States
| | - Sandeep Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68124, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alamoudi JA, Li W, Gautam N, Olivera M, Meza J, Mukherjee S, Alnouti Y. Bile acid indices as biomarkers for liver diseases I: Diagnostic markers. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:433-455. [PMID: 33959226 PMCID: PMC8080550 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary diseases result in the accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver, blood, and other tissues which may contribute to an unfavorable prognosis.
AIM To discover and validate diagnostic biomarkers of cholestatic liver diseases based on the urinary BA profile.
METHODS We analyzed urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and compared the urinary BA profile between 300 patients with hepatobiliary diseases vs 103 healthy controls by statistical analysis. The BA profile was characterized using BA indices, which quantifies the composition, metabolism, hydrophilicity, and toxicity of the BA profile. BA indices have much lower inter- and intra-individual variability compared to absolute concentrations of BA. In addition, BA indices demonstrate high area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, and changes of BA indices are associated with the risk of having a liver disease, which demonstrates their use as diagnostic biomarkers for cholestatic liver diseases.
RESULTS Total and individual BA concentrations were higher in all patients. The percentage of secondary BA (lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid) was significantly lower, while the percentage of primary BA (chenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and hyocholic acid) was markedly higher in patients compared to controls. In addition, the percentage of taurine-amidation was higher in patients than controls. The increase in the non-12α-OH BA was more profound than 12α-OH BA (cholic acid and deoxycholic acid) causing a decrease in the 12α-OH/ non-12α-OH ratio in patients. This trend was stronger in patients with more advanced liver diseases as reflected by the model for end-stage liver disease score and the presence of hepatic decompensation. The percentage of sulfation was also higher in patients with more severe forms of liver diseases.
CONCLUSION BA indices have much lower inter- and intra-individual variability compared to absolute BA concentrations and changes of BA indices are associated with the risk of developing liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Marco Olivera
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Sandeep Mukherjee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68124, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chu H, Jiang L, Gao B, Gautam N, Alamoudi JA, Lang S, Wang Y, Duan Y, Alnouti Y, Cable EE, Schnabl B. The selective PPAR-delta agonist seladelpar reduces ethanol-induced liver disease by restoring gut barrier function and bile acid homeostasis in mice. Transl Res 2021; 227:1-14. [PMID: 32553670 PMCID: PMC7719076 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is accompanied by dysregulation of bile acid metabolism and gut barrier dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPARδ) agonists are key metabolic regulators and have anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the effect of the selective PPAR-delta agonist seladelpar (MBX-8025) on gut barrier function and bile acid metabolism in a mouse model of ethanol-induced liver disease. Wild type C57BL/6 mice were fed LieberDeCarli diet containing 0%-36% ethanol (caloric) for 8 weeks followed by a single binge of ethanol (5 g/kg). Pair fed mice received an isocaloric liquid diet as control. MBX-8025 (10 mg/kg/d) or vehicle were added to the liquid diet during the entire feeding period (prevention), or during the last 4 weeks of Lieber DeCarli diet feeding (intervention). In both prevention and intervention trials, MBX-8025 protected mice from ethanol-induced liver disease, characterized by lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic triglycerides, and inflammation. Chronic ethanol intake disrupted bile acid metabolism by increasing the total bile acid pool and serum bile acids. MBX-8025 reduced serum total and secondary bile acids, and the total bile acid pool as compared with vehicle treatment in both prevention and intervention trials. MBX-8025 restored ethanol-induced gut dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction. Data from this study demonstrates that seladelpar prevents and treats ethanol-induced liver damage in mice by direct PPARδ agonism in both the liver and the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huikuan Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jawaher A Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sonja Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kamate S, Gautam N, Sharma S. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding infection control measures among health care professional students in a teritiary care centre in India. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
27
|
Vadukoot AK, Sharma S, Aretz CD, Kumar S, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Aldrich AL, Heim CE, Kielian T, Hopkins CR. Synthesis and SAR Studies of 1 H-Pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine-2-carboxamides as Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1848-1854. [PMID: 33062163 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, SAR, and biological evaluation of a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide derivatives as selective and potent PDE4B inhibitors. Compound 11h is a PDE4B preferring inhibitor and exhibited acceptable in vitro ADME and significantly inhibited TNF-α release from macrophages exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli (i.e., lipopolysaccharide and the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide Pam3Cys). In addition, 11h was selective against a panel of CNS receptors and represents an excellent lead for further optimization and preclinical testing in the setting of CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anish K. Vadukoot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Swagat Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Christopher D. Aretz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amy L. Aldrich
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Cortney E. Heim
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Soliman GA, Shukla SK, Etekpo A, Gunda V, Steenson SM, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Singh PK. The Synergistic Effect of an ATP-Competitive Inhibitor of mTOR and Metformin on Pancreatic Tumor Growth. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa131. [PMID: 32908958 PMCID: PMC7467276 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a nutrient-sensing pathway and a key regulator of amino acid and glucose metabolism. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathways is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of inhibition of mTORC1/mTORC2 and synergism with metformin on pancreatic tumor growth and metabolomics. METHODS Cell lines derived from pancreatic tumors of the KPC (KrasG12D/+; p53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre) transgenic mice model were implanted into the pancreas of C57BL/6 albino mice (n = 10/group). Two weeks later, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with daily doses of 1) Torin 2 (mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor) at a high concentration (TH), 2) Torin 2 at a low concentration (TL), 3) metformin at a low concentration (ML), 4) a combination of Torin 2 and metformin at low concentrations (TLML), or 5) DMSO vehicle (control) for 12 d. Tissues and blood samples were collected for targeted xenometabolomics analysis, drug concentration, and cell signaling. RESULTS Metabolomic analysis of the control and treated plasma samples showed differential metabolite profiles. Phenylalanine was significantly elevated in the TLML group compared with the control (+426%, P = 0.0004), whereas uracil was significantly lower (-38%, P = 0.009). The combination treatment reduced tumor growth in the orthotopic mouse model. TLML significantly decreased pancreatic tumor volume (498 ± 104 mm3; 37%; P < 0.0004) compared with control (1326 ± 134 mm3; 100%), ML (853 ± 67 mm3; 64%), TL (745 ± 167 mm3; 54%), and TH (665 ± 182 mm3; 50%) (ANOVA and post hoc tests). TLML significantly decreased tumor weights (0.66 ± 0.08 g; 52%) compared with the control (1.28 ± 0.19 g; 100%) (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The combination of mTOR dual inhibition by Torin 2 and metformin is associated with an altered metabolomic profile and a significant reduction in pancreatic tumor burden compared with single-agent therapy, and it is better tolerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Soliman
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Venugopal Gunda
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sharalyn M Steenson
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dyavar SR, Gautam N, Podany AT, Winchester LC, Weinhold JA, Mykris TM, Campbell KM, Alnouti Y, Fletcher CV. Assessing the lymphoid tissue bioavailability of antiretrovirals in human primary lymphoid endothelial cells and in mice. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2974-2978. [PMID: 31335938 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secondary lymphoid tissues (LTs), lymph nodes (LNs) and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) are considered reservoirs for HIV. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have lower penetration into LT. In vitro models predictive of ARV LT penetration have not been established. OBJECTIVES To develop an in vitro model of LT bioavailability using human lymphoid endothelial cells (HLECs) and investigate its predictability with in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in mice. METHODS ARV bioavailability in HLECs was evaluated at the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) observed in HIV-infected patients. ARVs were: abacavir, atazanavir, darunavir, dolutegravir, efavirenz, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, maraviroc, raltegravir, rilpivirine, ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and the PK booster cobicistat. The LT PK of representative drugs showing high (efavirenz), intermediate (dolutegravir) and low (emtricitabine) HLEC bioavailability was investigated in BALB/c mice given 50/10/30 mg/kg efavirenz/dolutegravir/emtricitabine orally, daily for 3 days. The concordance of in vitro and in vivo ARV bioavailability was examined. RESULTS ARVs showed high (>67th percentile; rilpivirine, efavirenz, elvitegravir and cobicistat), intermediate (67th-33rd percentile; ritonavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, dolutegravir and maraviroc) and low (<33rd percentile; atazanavir, darunavir, raltegravir, emtricitabine and abacavir) HLEC bioavailability. The hierarchy of efavirenz, dolutegravir and emtricitabine bioavailability in LN, gut and brain tissues of mice was: efavirenz>dolutegravir>emtricitabine. CONCLUSIONS ARVs displayed distinct HLEC penetration patterns. PK studies of representative ARVs in LT of mice were concordant with HLEC bioavailability. These findings support further development of this approach and its translational predictability in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Anthony T Podany
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lee C Winchester
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jonathan A Weinhold
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy M Mykris
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kayla M Campbell
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Courtney V Fletcher
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Burkovetskaya ME, Liu Q, Vadukoot AK, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Kumar S, Miczek K, Buch S, Hopkins CR, Guo M. KVA-D-88, a Novel Preferable Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitor, Decreases Cocaine-Mediated Reward Properties in Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2231-2242. [PMID: 32609488 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction remains a major public concern throughout the world especially in developed countries. In the last three decades, significant achievements have led to a greater understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the development of cocaine addiction; however, there are no FDA-approved treatments available to reverse or block this brain disease due to either the unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy or severe side effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to cocaine elevates levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a neuroadaptative response in reward-related brain regions. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, which elevate cAMP levels, have been shown to block cocaine-mediated behavioral changes related to psychoactive and reinforcing properties. Unfortunately, previously studied PDE4 inhibitors induce severe side-effects, which limit their clinical usage. In this study, we identified a novel PDE4B inhibitor, KVA-D-88, with an improved selectivity profile compared to previous compounds (e.g., rolipram). Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that this compound is brain penetrant and preferably acts on PDE4B compared to PDE4D in vitro, alluding to less unwanted side effects with KVA-D-88 in vivo. Interestingly, pretreatment with KVA-D-88 significantly inhibited cocaine-induced hyperlocomotor activity. In cocaine self-administering mice with differential schedules, KVA-D-88 strikingly decreased the number of active nose-pokes and cocaine infusions and reduced the break point. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that this novel PDE4 inhibitor, KVA-D-88, could inhibit cocaine-mediated rewarding effects implying its potential clinical usage for cocaine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Burkovetskaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Anish K. Vadukoot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Klaus Miczek
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 530 Boston Ave, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Minglei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kulkarni TA, Bade AN, Sillman B, Shetty BLD, Wojtkiewicz MS, Gautam N, Hilaire JR, Sravanam S, Szlachetka A, Lamberty BG, Morsey BM, Fox HS, Alnouti Y, McMillan JM, Mosley RL, Meza J, Domanico PL, Yue TY, Moore G, Edagwa BJ, Gendelman HE. A year-long extended release nanoformulated cabotegravir prodrug. Nat Mater 2020; 19:910-920. [PMID: 32341511 PMCID: PMC7384935 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting cabotegravir (CAB) extends antiretroviral drug administration from daily to monthly. However, dosing volumes, injection site reactions and health-care oversight are obstacles towards a broad usage. The creation of poloxamer-coated hydrophobic and lipophilic CAB prodrugs with controlled hydrolysis and tissue penetrance can overcome these obstacles. To such ends, fatty acid ester CAB nanocrystal prodrugs with 14, 18 and 22 added carbon chains were encased in biocompatible surfactants named NMCAB, NM2CAB and NM3CAB and tested for drug release, activation, cytotoxicity, antiretroviral activities, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Pharmacokinetics studies, performed in mice and rhesus macaques, with the lead 18-carbon ester chain NM2CAB, showed plasma CAB levels above the protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration for up to a year. NM2CAB, compared with NMCAB and NM3CAB, demonstrated a prolonged drug release, plasma circulation time and tissue drug concentrations after a single 45 mg per kg body weight intramuscular injection. These prodrug modifications could substantially improve CAB's effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay A Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda S Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James R Hilaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sruthi Sravanam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adam Szlachetka
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benjamin G Lamberty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brenda M Morsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul L Domanico
- Department of Global Health Sciences, The Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tai-Yuen Yue
- Department of Global Health Sciences, The Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Moore
- Department of Global Health Sciences, The Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wei X, Zhao G, Wang X, Gautam N, Jia Z, Zhao Z, Kong D, Zhang F, Kumar S, Sun Y, Chen N, Wang X, Yang L, Ren R, Thiele GM, Bronich TK, O'Dell JR, Alnouti Y, Wang D. Head-to-head comparative pharmacokinetic and biodistribution (PK/BD) study of two dexamethasone prodrug nanomedicines on lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice. Nanomedicine 2020; 29:102266. [PMID: 32679269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HPMA copolymer-based dexamethasone prodrug (P-Dex) and PEG-based dexamethasone prodrug (PEG-Dex, ZSJ-0228) were previously found to passively target the inflamed kidney and provide potent and sustained resolution of nephritis in NZB/WF1 lupus-prone mice. While both prodrug nanomedicines effectively ameliorate lupus nephritis, they have demonstrated distinctively different safety profiles. To explore the underlining mechanisms of these differences, we conducted a head-to-head comparative PK/BD study of P-Dex and PEG-Dex on NZB/WF1 mice. Overall, the systemic organ/tissue exposures to P-Dex and Dex released from P-Dex were found to be significantly higher than those of PEG-Dex. The high prodrug concentrations were sustained in kidney for only 24 h, which cannot explain their lasting therapeutic efficacy (>1 month). P-Dex showed sustained presence in liver, spleen and adrenal gland, while the presence of PEG-Dex in these organs was transient. This difference in PK/BD profiles may explain PEG-Dex' superior safety than P-Dex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dexuan Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Libin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rongguo Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James R O'Dell
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Castillo-Badillo JA, Bandi AC, Harlalka S, Gautam N. SRRF-Stream Imaging of Optogenetically Controlled Furrow Formation Shows Localized and Coordinated Endocytosis and Exocytosis Mediating Membrane Remodeling. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:902-919. [PMID: 32155337 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage furrow formation during cytokinesis involves extensive membrane remodeling. In the absence of methods to exert dynamic control over these processes, it has been a challenge to examine the basis of this remodeling. Here we used a subcellular optogenetic approach to induce this at will and found that furrow formation is mediated by actomyosin contractility, retrograde plasma membrane flow, localized decrease in membrane tension, and endocytosis. FRAP, 4-D imaging, and inhibition or upregulation of endocytosis or exocytosis show that ARF6 and Exo70 dependent localized exocytosis supports a potential model for intercellular bridge elongation. TIRF and Super Resolution Radial Fluctuation (SRRF) stream microscopy show localized VAMP2-mediated exocytosis and incorporation of membrane lipids from vesicles into the plasma membrane at the front edge of the nascent daughter cell. Thus, spatially separated but coordinated plasma membrane depletion and addition are likely contributors to membrane remodeling during cytokinetic processes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Banoub MG, Bade AN, Lin Z, Cobb D, Gautam N, Dyavar Shetty BL, Wojtkiewicz M, Alnouti Y, McMillan J, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. Synthesis and Characterization of Long-Acting Darunavir Prodrugs. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:155-166. [PMID: 31742407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality of life in patients infected with HIV-1. However, complete viral suppression within anatomical compartments remains unattainable. This is complicated by adverse side effects and poor adherence to lifelong therapy leading to the emergence of viral drug resistance. Thus, there is an immediate need for cellular and tissue-targeted long-acting (LA) ART formulations. Herein, we describe two LA prodrug formulations of darunavir (DRV), a potent antiretroviral protease inhibitor. Two classes of DRV prodrugs, M1DRV and M2DRV, were synthesized as lipophilic and hydrophobic prodrugs and stabilized into aqueous suspensions designated NM1DRV and NM2DRV. The formulations demonstrated enhanced intracellular prodrug levels with sustained drug retention and antiretroviral activities for 15 and 30 days compared to native DRV formulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Pharmacokinetics tests of NM1DRV and NM2DRV administered to mice demonstrated sustained drug levels in blood and tissues for 30 days. These data, taken together, support the idea that LA DRV with sustained antiretroviral responses through prodrug nanoformulations is achievable.
Collapse
|
35
|
Dyavar SR, Kumar S, Gautam N, Podany AT, Winchester LC, Weinhold JA, Mykris TM, Campbell KM, Nallasamy P, Alnouti Y, Fletcher CV. Enhancing antiretroviral drug penetration into lymph nodes through intramuscular and subcutaneous routes of administration in BALB/c mice. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
36
|
Smith N, Bade AN, Soni D, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Herskovitz J, Ibrahim IM, Wojtkiewicz MS, Dyavar Shetty BL, McMillan J, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. A long acting nanoformulated lamivudine ProTide. Biomaterials 2019; 223:119476. [PMID: 31525692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A long acting (LA) hydrophobic and lipophilic lamivudine (3TC) was created as a phosphoramidate pronucleotide (designated M23TC). M23TC improved intracellular delivery of active triphosphate metabolites and enhanced antiretroviral and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles over the native drug. A single treatment of human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) with nanoformulated M23TC (NM23TC) improved drug uptake, retention, intracellular 3TC triphosphates and antiretroviral activities in MDM and CD4+ T cells. PK tests of NM23TC administered to Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated sustained prodrug and drug triphosphate levels in blood and tissues for 30 days. The development of NM23TC remains a substantive step forward in producing LA slow effective release antiretrovirals for future clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Melinda S Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Soni D, Bade AN, Gautam N, Herskovitz J, Ibrahim IM, Smith N, Wojtkiewicz MS, Dyavar Shetty BL, Alnouti Y, McMillan J, Gendelman HE, Edagwa BJ. Synthesis of a long acting nanoformulated emtricitabine ProTide. Biomaterials 2019; 222:119441. [PMID: 31472458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection, regimen adherence, viral mutations, drug toxicities and access stigma and fatigue are treatment limitations. These have led to new opportunities for the development of long acting (LA) ART including implantable devices and chemical drug modifications. Herein, medicinal and formulation chemistry were used to develop LA prodrug nanoformulations of emtricitabine (FTC). A potent lipophilic FTC phosphoramidate prodrug (M2FTC) was synthesized then encapsulated into a poloxamer surfactant (NM2FTC). These modifications extended the biology, apparent drug half-life and antiretroviral activities of the formulations. NM2FTC demonstrated a >30-fold increase in macrophage and CD4+ T cell drug uptake with efficient conversion to triphosphates (FTC-TP). Intracellular FTC-TP protected macrophages against an HIV-1 challenge for 30 days. A single intramuscular injection of NM2FTC, at 45 mg/kg native drug equivalents, into Sprague Dawley rats resulted in sustained prodrug levels in blood, liver, spleen and lymph nodes and FTC-TP in lymph node and spleen cells at one month. In contrast, native FTC-TPs was present for one day. These results are an advance in the transformation of FTC into a LA agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Melinda S Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ibrahim IM, Bade AN, Lin Z, Soni D, Wojtkiewicz M, Dyavar Shetty BL, Gautam N, McMillan JM, Alnouti Y, Edagwa BJ, Gendelman HE. Synthesis and characterization of a long-acting emtricitabine prodrug nanoformulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6231-6247. [PMID: 31496683 PMCID: PMC6689761 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s215447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A palmitoylated prodrug of emtricitabine (FTC) was synthesized to extend the drug’s half-life, antiretroviral activities and biodistribution. Methods A modified FTC prodrug (MFTC) was synthesized by palmitoyl chloride esterification. MFTC’s chemical structure was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance. The created hydrophobic prodrug nanocrystals were encased into a poloxamer surfactant and the pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution and antiretroviral activities of the nanoformulation (NMFTC) were assessed. The conversion of MFTC to FTC triphosphates was evaluated. Results MFTC coated with poloxamer formed stable nanocrystals (NMFTC). NMFTC demonstrated an average particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 350 nm, 0.24 and −20 mV, respectively. Drug encapsulation efficiency was 90%. NMFTC was readily taken up by human monocyte-derived macrophages yielding readily detected intracellular FTC triphosphates and an extended PK profile. Conclusion NMFTC shows improved antiretroviral activities over native FTC. This is coordinate with its extended apparent half-life. The work represents an incremental advance in the development of a long-acting FTC formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dash PK, Kaminski R, Bella R, Su H, Mathews S, Ahooyi TM, Chen C, Mancuso P, Sariyer R, Ferrante P, Donadoni M, Robinson JA, Sillman B, Lin Z, Hilaire JR, Banoub M, Elango M, Gautam N, Mosley RL, Poluektova LY, McMillan J, Bade AN, Gorantla S, Sariyer IK, Burdo TH, Young WB, Amini S, Gordon J, Jacobson JM, Edagwa B, Khalili K, Gendelman HE. Sequential LASER ART and CRISPR Treatments Eliminate HIV-1 in a Subset of Infected Humanized Mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2753. [PMID: 31266936 PMCID: PMC6606613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elimination of HIV-1 requires clearance and removal of integrated proviral DNA from infected cells and tissues. Here, sequential long-acting slow-effective release antiviral therapy (LASER ART) and CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrate viral clearance in latent infectious reservoirs in HIV-1 infected humanized mice. HIV-1 subgenomic DNA fragments, spanning the long terminal repeats and the Gag gene, are excised in vivo, resulting in elimination of integrated proviral DNA; virus is not detected in blood, lymphoid tissue, bone marrow and brain by nested and digital-droplet PCR as well as RNAscope tests. No CRISPR-Cas9 mediated off-target effects are detected. Adoptive transfer of human immunocytes from dual treated, virus-free animals to uninfected humanized mice fails to produce infectious progeny virus. In contrast, HIV-1 is readily detected following sole LASER ART or CRISPR-Cas9 treatment. These data provide proof-of-concept that permanent viral elimination is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Rafal Kaminski
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Ramona Bella
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Taha M Ahooyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Pietro Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Rahsan Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Martina Donadoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Jake A Robinson
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - James R Hilaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Mary Banoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Monalisha Elango
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Ilker K Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Won-Bin Young
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Jacobson
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19115, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gao Y, Liu R, Gautam N, Ma B, Xie Z, Sun B, Zheng H, Liu D, Lou H. Determination of the in vitro metabolic stability and metabolites of the anticancer derivative riccardin D-N in human and mouse hepatic S9 fractions using HPLC-Q-LIT-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:734-743. [PMID: 31299454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Riccardin D-N (RD-N) is an aminomethylated derivative of the macrocyclic bisbibenzyl compound riccardin D (RD), which has shown stronger activity against cancer cells than RD. However, there has been no research on the metabolism of RD-N. The present study aimed to characterize the in vitro metabolism and metabolic stability of RD-N after incubation with mouse and human hepatic S9 fractions using high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-LIT-MS). Multiple ion monitoring (MIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (MIM/MRM-IDA-EPI) scans were used to identify the metabolites formed. MRM scans were also used to quantify the changes in the amount of RD-N and to semi-quantify the main metabolites. Twenty-eight metabolic products were detected and 25 structures were predicted. Hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, and methylation were proposed to be the principle metabolic pathways in the in vitro incubation with human and mouse hepatic S9 fractions. There were differences in the number and abundance of RD-N metabolites between the human and mouse hepatic S9 fractions. RD-N was shown to have good metabolic stability. After 2 h of incubation, 44% of the original RD-N remained in the human hepatic S9 fraction compared with 22% in the mouse. The major metabolites of RD-N, M4, M8, M20 and M21, were monitored semi-quantitatively using the typical transitions. Finally, HPLC-Q-LIT-MS was used for the identification and quantitation of the metabolites of R D-N, which is a simple and efficient method to rapidly screen potential drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ruichen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198, NE, USA
| | - Bowen Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Zhiyu Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Bin Sun
- National Glycoengeering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hongbo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongke Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gautam N, Sharma N. Traditional Fermented Indian Foods: A Treasure Hunt for Rare Lactic Acid Bacteria. JFQHC 2019. [DOI: 10.18502/jfqhc.6.2.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The article's abstract is no available.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sharma S, Kozek KA, Abney KK, Kumar S, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, David Weaver C, Hopkins CR. Discovery, synthesis and characterization of a series of (1-alkyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-(5-aryl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetamides as novel GIRK1/2 potassium channel activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:791-796. [PMID: 30718161 PMCID: PMC6398930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the discovery and characterization of a series of 5-aryl-2H-tetrazol-3-ylacetamides as G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels activators. Working from an initial hit discovered during a high-throughput screening campaign, we identified a tetrazole scaffold that shifts away from the previously reported urea-based scaffolds while remaining effective GIRK1/2 channel activators. In addition, we evaluated the compounds in Tier 1 DMPK assays and have identified a (3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide head group that imparts interesting and unexpected microsomal stability compared to previously-reported pyrazole head groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swagat Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Krystian A Kozek
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristopher K Abney
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - C David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Meshik X, O’Neill PR, Gautam N. Physical Plasma Membrane Perturbation Using Subcellular Optogenetics Drives Integrin-Activated Cell Migration. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:498-510. [PMID: 30764607 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells experience physical deformations to the plasma membrane that can modulate cell behaviors like migration. Understanding the molecular basis for how physical cues affect dynamic cellular responses requires new approaches that can physically perturb the plasma membrane with rapid, reversible, subcellular control. Here we present an optogenetic approach based on light-inducible dimerization that alters plasma membrane properties by recruiting cytosolic proteins at high concentrations to a target site. Surprisingly, this polarized accumulation of proteins in a cell induces directional amoeboid migration in the opposite direction. Consistent with known effects of constraining high concentrations of proteins to a membrane in vitro, there is localized curvature and tension decrease in the plasma membrane. Integrin activity, sensitive to mechanical forces, is activated in this region. Localized mechanical activation of integrin with optogenetics allowed simultaneous imaging of the molecular and cellular response, helping uncover a positive feedback loop comprising SFK- and ERK-dependent RhoA activation, actomyosin contractility, rearward membrane flow, and membrane tension decrease underlying this mode of cell migration.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lin Z, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, McMillan J, Bade AN, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. ProTide generated long-acting abacavir nanoformulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8371-8374. [PMID: 29995046 PMCID: PMC6063073 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abacavir pronucleotide nanoformulations (NM3ABC) were prepared as a novel long acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapy. Single NM3ABC treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages produced sustained intracellular carbovir-triphosphate and antiretroviral activities for up to 30 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
| | - Aditya N. Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thakare R, Alamoudi JA, Gautam N, Rodrigues AD, Alnouti Y. Species differences in bile acids II. Bile acid metabolism. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1336-1352. [PMID: 29845631 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) involves alterations in bile acid (BA) homeostasis and elimination, which encompass several metabolic pathways including hydroxylation, amidation, sulfation, glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation. Species differences in BA metabolism may play a major role in the failure of currently used in vitro and in vivo models to predict reliably the DILI during the early stages of drug discovery and development. We developed an in vitro cofactor-fortified liver S9 fraction model to compare the metabolic profiles of the four major BAs (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid) between humans and several animal species. High- and low-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of BAs and their metabolites. Major species differences were found in the metabolism of BAs. Sulfation into 3-O-sulfates was a major pathway in human and chimpanzee (4.8%-52%) and it was a minor pathway in all other species (0.02%-14%). Amidation was primarily with glycine (62%-95%) in minipig and rabbit and it was primarily with taurine (43%-81%) in human, chimpanzee, dog, hamster, rat and mice. Hydroxylation was highest (13%-80%) in rat and mice followed by hamster, while it was lowest (1.6%-22%) in human, chimpanzee and minipig. C6-β hydroxylation was predominant (65%-95%) in rat and mice, while it was at C6-α position in minipig (36%-97%). Glucuronidation was highest in dog (10%-56%), while it was a minor pathway in all other species (<12%). The relative contribution of the various pathways involved in BA metabolism in vitro were in agreement with the observed plasma and urinary BA profiles in vivo and were able to predict and quantify the species differences in BA metabolism. In general, overall, BA metabolism in chimpanzee is most similar to human, while BA metabolism in rats and mice is most dissimilar from human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Thakare R, Alamoudi JA, Gautam N, Rodrigues AD, Alnouti Y. Species differences in bile acids I. Plasma and urine bile acid composition. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1323-1335. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - A. David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc.; Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha NE 68198 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou T, Lin Z, Puligujja P, Palandri D, Hilaire J, Araínga M, Smith N, Gautam N, McMillan J, Alnouti Y, Liu X, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Optimizing the preparation and stability of decorated antiretroviral drug nanocrystals. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:871-885. [PMID: 29553879 PMCID: PMC5992566 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: While the therapeutic potential for current long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) is undeniable, ligand-decorated nanoformulated LA-ART could optimize drug delivery to viral reservoirs. The development of decorated ART hinges, however, on formulation processes and manufacture efficiencies. To this end, we compared manufacture and purification techniques for ligand-decorated antiretroviral drug nanocrystals. Materials & methods: Ligand-decorated nanoparticle manufacturing was tested using folic acid (FA) nanoformulated cabotegravir. Results: Direct manufacturing of FA-cabotegravir resulted in stable particles with high drug loading and monocyte–macrophage targeting. A one step ‘direct’ scheme proved superior over differential centrifugation or tangential flow filtration facilitating particle stability and preparation simplicity and efficiency. Conclusion: Direct manufacturing of FA nanoparticles provides a path toward large-scale clinical grade manufacturing of cell-targeted LA-ART.
Folic acid (FA) decoration on the surface of nanocrystals can be achieved by mixing FA conjugated poloxamer 407 (FA-P407) and native P407 in varied ratios followed by size reduction by homogenization and differential centrifugation or tangential flow filtration to remove excess unbound polymers. The optimized manufacturing scheme is by direct homogenization with predetermined quantity of FA conjugated P407. Direct manufacturing method yields stable homogenous nanoparticles with high drug loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pavan Puligujja
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Diana Palandri
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - James Hilaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xinming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thakare R, Chhonker YS, Gautam N, Nelson A, Casaburi R, Criner G, Dransfield MT, Make B, Schmid KK, Rennard SI, Alnouti Y. Simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis of eicosanoids and related metabolites in human serum, sputum and BALF. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:10.1002/bmc.4102. [PMID: 28975688 PMCID: PMC6003856 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The differences among individual eicosanoids in eliciting different physiological and pathological responses are largely unknown because of the lack of valid and simple analytical methods for the quantification of individual eicosanoids and their metabolites in serum, sputum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Therefore, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 34 eicosanoids in human serum, sputum and BALF was developed and validated. This method is valid and sensitive with a limit of quantification ranging from 0.2 to 3 ng/mL for the various analytes, and has a large dynamic range (500 ng/mL) and a short run time (25 min). The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision values met the acceptance criteria according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Using this method, detailed eicosanoid profiles were quantified in serum, sputum and BALF from a pilot human study. In summary, a reliable and simple LC-MS/MS method to quantify major eicosanoids and their metabolites was developed and applied to quantify eicosanoids in human various fluids, demonstrating its suitability to assess eicosanoid biomarkers in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yashpal S. Chhonker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy Nelson
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Gerard Criner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T. Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Barry Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kendra K. Schmid
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Stephen I. Rennard
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Clinical Development Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gautam N, Lin Z, Banoub MG, Smith NA, Maayah A, McMillan J, Gendelman HE, Alnouti Y. Simultaneous quantification of intracellular lamivudine and abacavir triphosphate metabolites by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018. [PMID: 29518644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) require intracellular phosphorylation to active triphosphate (TP) nucleotide metabolites before they can inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase. However, monitoring these pharmacologically active TP metabolites is challenging due to their instability and their low concentrations at the pg/ml levels in blood and tissues. The combination of lamivudine (3TC) and abacavir (ABC) is one of the first lines for HIV therapy. Therefore, a sensitive, selective, accurate, and precise LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of 3TC- and ABC-TP metabolites in mouse blood and tissues. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 10-100,000 pg/ml for 3TC-TP and 4-40,000 pg/ml for carbovir-TP (CBV-TP; phosphorylated metabolite of ABC). This corresponds to 2.1-21,322 fmol/106 cells for 3TC-TP and 0.8-8000 fmol/106 cells for CBV-TP. Accuracy and precision were less than 15% for all quality control sample (QCs), and absolute extraction recovery of were >65% for 3TC-TP and >90% for CBV-TP. The method was optimized to ensure stability of TP samples and standards during sample collection, preparation, analysis, and storage conditions. This method has enhanced sensitivity and requires smaller amounts of blood and tissue samples compared to previous LC-MS/MS methods for 3TC- and CBV-TP quantification. The developed method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of TP metabolites in mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), spleen, lymph nodes, and liver cells. In addition, another direct, simple, and high-throughput method for the quantification of TP standards was developed and used for the analysis of stability samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mary G Banoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nathan A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Audai Maayah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sillman B, Bade AN, Dash PK, Bhargavan B, Kocher T, Mathews S, Su H, Kanmogne GD, Poluektova LY, Gorantla S, McMillan J, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Creation of a long-acting nanoformulated dolutegravir. Nat Commun 2018; 9:443. [PMID: 29402886 PMCID: PMC5799307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent antiretroviral activities and a barrier to viral resistance characterize the human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG). Herein, a long-acting parenteral DTG was created through chemical modification to improve treatment outcomes. A hydrophobic and lipophilic modified DTG prodrug is encapsulated into poloxamer nanoformulations (NMDTG) and characterized by size, shape, polydispersity, and stability. Retained intracytoplasmic NMDTG particles release drug from macrophages and attenuate viral replication and spread of virus to CD4+ T cells. Pharmacokinetic tests in Balb/cJ mice show blood DTG levels at, or above, its inhibitory concentration90 of 64 ng/mL for 56 days, and tissue DTG levels for 28 days. NMDTG protects humanized mice from parenteral challenge of the HIV-1ADA strain for two weeks. These results are a first step towards producing a long-acting DTG for human use by affecting drug apparent half-life, cell and tissue drug penetration, and antiretroviral potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Biju Bhargavan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ted Kocher
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Georgette D Kanmogne
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|