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Delignat-Lavaud B, Ducrot C, Kouwenhoven W, Feller N, Trudeau LÉ. Implication of synaptotagmins 4 and 7 in activity-dependent somatodendritic dopamine release in the ventral midbrain. Open Biol 2022; 12:210339. [PMID: 35232250 PMCID: PMC8889187 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons can release DA not just from axon terminals, but also from their somatodendritic (STD) compartment through a mechanism that is still incompletely understood. Using voltammetry in mouse mesencephalic brain slices, we find that STD DA release has low capacity and shows a calcium sensitivity that is comparable to that of axonal release. We find that the molecular mechanism of STD DA release differs from axonal release with regard to the implication of synaptotagmin (Syt) calcium sensors. While individual constitutive knockout of Syt4 or Syt7 is not sufficient to reduce STD DA release, the removal of both isoforms reduces this release by approximately 50%, leaving axonal release unimpaired. Our work unveils clear differences in the mechanisms of STD and axonal DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Charles Ducrot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Willemieke Kouwenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Nina Feller
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Louis-Éric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1J4
- Neural Signaling and Circuitry Research Group (SNC), Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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Petkovic S, Graff S, Feller N, Berghaus J, Ruppert VP, Dülfer J, Sczakiel G. Circular versus linear RNA topology: different modes of RNA-RNA interactions in vitro and in human cells. RNA Biol 2021; 18:674-683. [PMID: 34839802 PMCID: PMC8782184 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1978214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA is progressively reported to occur in various species including mammals where it is thought to be involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, partly via interactions with microRNA. Here, we asked whether the circular topology causes functional differences to linear forms when interacting with short RNA strands in vitro and in human cells. Kinetic studies with human bladder cancer-derived synthetic circular RNA versus linear transcripts, respectively, with short oligoribonucleotides showed similar association rates for both topologies. Conversely, a substantial topology-related difference was measured for the activation entropy and the activation enthalpy of RNA–RNA annealing. This finding strongly indicates a significant difference of the mechanism of RNA–RNA interactions. To investigate whether these characteristics of circular RNA are biologically meaningful we performed transient transfection experiments with a microRNA-regulated expression system for luciferase in bladder cancer-derived cells. We co-transfected linear or circular RNA containing one microRNA binding site for the target-suppressing microRNA mlet7a. Here, the circular isoform showed a strongly increased competition with microRNA function versus linear versions. In summary, this study suggests novel topology-related characteristics of RNA–RNA interactions involving circRNA in vitro and in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Petkovic
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universität zu Lübeck and UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Graff
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universität zu Lübeck and UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nina Feller
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universität zu Lübeck and UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Berghaus
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universität zu Lübeck and UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Jasmin Dülfer
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universität zu Lübeck and UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Sczakiel
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universität zu Lübeck and UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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3
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Wenzel J, Lampe J, Müller-Fielitz H, Schuster R, Zille M, Müller K, Krohn M, Körbelin J, Zhang L, Özorhan Ü, Neve V, Wagner JUG, Bojkova D, Shumliakivska M, Jiang Y, Fähnrich A, Ott F, Sencio V, Robil C, Pfefferle S, Sauve F, Coêlho CFF, Franz J, Spiecker F, Lembrich B, Binder S, Feller N, König P, Busch H, Collin L, Villaseñor R, Jöhren O, Altmeppen HC, Pasparakis M, Dimmeler S, Cinatl J, Püschel K, Zelic M, Ofengeim D, Stadelmann C, Trottein F, Nogueiras R, Hilgenfeld R, Glatzel M, Prevot V, Schwaninger M. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease M pro causes microvascular brain pathology by cleaving NEMO in brain endothelial cells. Nat Neurosci 2021. [PMID: 34675436 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-02100926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage cerebral small vessels and cause neurological symptoms. Here we describe structural changes in cerebral small vessels of patients with COVID-19 and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the vascular pathology. In brains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals and animal models, we found an increased number of empty basement membrane tubes, so-called string vessels representing remnants of lost capillaries. We obtained evidence that brain endothelial cells are infected and that the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) cleaves NEMO, the essential modulator of nuclear factor-κB. By ablating NEMO, Mpro induces the death of human brain endothelial cells and the occurrence of string vessels in mice. Deletion of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3, a mediator of regulated cell death, blocks the vessel rarefaction and disruption of the blood-brain barrier due to NEMO ablation. Importantly, a pharmacological inhibitor of RIPK signaling prevented the Mpro-induced microvascular pathology. Our data suggest RIPK as a potential therapeutic target to treat the neuropathology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Raphael Schuster
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Krohn
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ümit Özorhan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neve
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian U G Wagner
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mariana Shumliakivska
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yun Jiang
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Ott
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Robil
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Susanne Pfefferle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florent Sauve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jonas Franz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Spiecker
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beate Lembrich
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sonja Binder
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nina Feller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hermann C Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matija Zelic
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany.
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4
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van Rhenen A, Moshaver B, Kelder A, Feller N, Nieuwint AWM, Zweegman S, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schuurhuis GJ. Aberrant marker expression patterns on the CD34+CD38- stem cell compartment in acute myeloid leukemia allows to distinguish the malignant from the normal stem cell compartment both at diagnosis and in remission. Leukemia 2007; 21:1700-7. [PMID: 17525725 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is generally regarded as a stem cell disease. In CD34-positive AML, the leukemic stem cell has been recognized as CD38 negative. This CD34+CD38- population survives chemotherapy and is most probable the cause of minimal residual disease (MRD). The outgrowth of MRD causes relapse and MRD can therefore serve as a prognostic marker. The key role of leukemogenic CD34+CD38- cells led us to investigate whether they can be detected under MRD conditions. Various markers were identified to be aberrantly expressed on the CD34+CD38- population in AML and high-risk MDS samples at diagnosis, including C-type lectin-like molecule-1 and several lineage markers/marker-combinations. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis revealed that marker-positive cells were indeed of malignant origin. The markers were neither expressed on normal CD34+CD38- cells in steady-state bone marrow (BM) nor in BM after chemotherapy. We found that these markers were indeed expressed in part of the patients on malignant CD34+CD38- cells in complete remission, indicating the presence of malignant CD34+CD38- cells. Thus, by identifying residual malignant CD34+CD38- cells after chemotherapy, MRD detection at the stem cell level turned out to be possible. This might facilitate characterization of these chemotherapy-resistant leukemogenic cells, thereby being of help to identify new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Rhenen
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Feller N, van der Pol MA, van Stijn A, Weijers GWD, Westra AH, Evertse BW, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schuurhuis GJ. MRD parameters using immunophenotypic detection methods are highly reliable in predicting survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 2004; 18:1380-90. [PMID: 15201848 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Outgrowth of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is responsible for the occurrence of relapses. MRD can be quantified by immunophenotyping on a flow cytometer using the expression of leukaemia-associated phenotypes. MRD was monitored in follow-up samples taken from bone marrow (BM) of 72 patients after three different cycles of chemotherapy and from autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products. The MRD% in BM after the first cycle (n=51), second cycle (n=52) and third cycle (n=30), as well as in PBSC products (n=39) strongly correlated with relapse-free survival. At a cutoff level of 1% after the first cycle and median cutoff levels of 0.14% after the second, 0.11% after the third cycle and 0.13% for PBSC products, the relative risk of relapse was a factor 6.1, 3.4, 7.2 and 5.7, respectively, higher for patients in the high MRD group. Also, absolute MRD cell number/ml was highly predictive of the clinical outcome. After the treatment has ended, an increase of MRD% predicted forthcoming relapses, with MRD assessment intervals of < or =3 months. In conclusion, MRD parameter assessment at different stages of disease is highly reliable in predicting survival and forthcoming relapses in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Feller
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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van Stijn A, Kok A, van Stalborch MA, van Der Pol MA, Feller N, Westra AH, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schuurhuis GJ. Minimal residual disease cells in AML patients have an apoptosis-sensitive protein profile. Leukemia 2004; 18:875-7. [PMID: 14762445 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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van der Pol MA, Feller N, Ossenkoppele GJ, Weijers GWD, Westra AH, van Stijn A, Broxterman HJ, Schuurhuis GJ. Minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia is predicted by P-glycoprotein activity but not by multidrug resistance protein activity at diagnosis. Leukemia 2003; 17:1674-7. [PMID: 12886261 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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van Stijn A, Kok A, van der Pol MA, Feller N, Roemen GMJM, Westra AH, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schuurhuis GJ. Multiparameter flow cytometric quantification of apoptosis-related protein expression. Leukemia 2003; 17:787-8. [PMID: 12682638 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A van Stijn
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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van Stijn A, Kok A, van der Pol MA, Feller N, Roemen GMJM, Westra AH, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schuurhuis GJ. A flow cytometric method to detect apoptosis-related protein expression in minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2003; 17:780-6. [PMID: 12682637 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) cells are thought to be responsible for the persistence and relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Flow cytometric MRD detection by the establishment of a leukemia-associated phenotype (LAP) at diagnosis can be used in 80% of AML patients, allowing detection and functional characterization of MRD in follow-up bone marrow. One of the mechanisms contributing to inefficient chemotherapy is apoptosis resistance. Measuring apoptosis parameters in MRD cells will help to unravel the importance of apoptosis resistance in AML. We therefore developed a four-color flow cytometry method that enables establishment of apoptosis-related protein expression such as Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Mcl-1 and Bax at diagnosis and in MRD. Firstly, validation of this assay using Western blot analysis in five leukemia cell lines showed a significant correlation (R=0.70: P<0.0001). Secondly, the influence of the permeabilization procedure on LAP expression was investigated in 38 AML samples at diagnosis and in 42 MRD samples. Quantification of the frequency of LAP+ cells with and without permeabilization showed no significant differences (diagnosis: P= 0.57, follow-up: P= 0.43). The flow cytometric protocol thus enables analysis of apoptosis-related proteins at different stages of the disease, which will lead to a better understanding of the role of apoptosis resistance in the emergence of MRD in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Stijn
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Feller N, Schuurhuis GJ, van der Pol MA, Westra G, Weijers GWD, van Stijn A, Huijgens PC, Ossenkoppele GJ. High percentage of CD34-positive cells in autologous AML peripheral blood stem cell products reflects inadequate in vivo purging and low chemotherapeutic toxicity in a subgroup of patients with poor clinical outcome. Leukemia 2003; 17:68-75. [PMID: 12529662 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2002] [Accepted: 08/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a high CD34% in autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products from 71 AML patients was associated directly with a high relapse rate (P = 0.006) and inversely with disease-free survival (P = 0.003), irrespective whether patients were transplanted or not. The relapse rate at 12 months was 67% in a group with >0.8% CD34+ cells and 34% in a group with < or = 0.8% CD34+ cells. Although the percentage of malignant CD34+ cells in the CD34+ compartment in the relapses of the first group was not high (median 8%), the total number of malignant cells as a percentage of WBC was about 13 times higher than for the patients remaining >12 months in remission. When all patients evaluable were taken together, this frequency of malignant cells correlated strongly with disease-free survival (P < 0.001). Both this massive mobilization of normal CD34+ cells and high frequency of malignant cells in the subgroup of patients with CD34 >0.8% and relapse within 12 months indicate an insufficient in vivo purging, as well as low chemotherapeutic bone marrow toxicity. This was confirmed by an inverse correlation between hypoplasia period after the induction therapy and CD34% in PBSC products (P < 0.002). It is concluded that a subgroup of patients has been identified that might benefit from a more intensive chemotherapeutic treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Neoplasm, Residual/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- Remission Induction
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation, Autologous
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- N Feller
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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van der Pol MA, Pater JM, Feller N, Westra AH, van Stijn A, Ossenkoppele GJ, Broxterman HJ, Schuurhuis GJ. Functional characterization of minimal residual disease for P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein activity in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2001; 15:1554-63. [PMID: 11587213 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to persistence of residual leukemia cells: minimal residual disease (MRD). In 102 out of 127 patients (80%), cells at diagnosis displayed one or more leukemia-associated phenotypes (LAP), ie combinations of cell surface markers which are absent in normal cells and can thus be used to detect MRD at follow-up. Functional characterization of MRD cells for P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) activity is essential to investigate the role of these drug transport proteins in multidrug resistance in AML. A fluorescent probe assay using Syto16/PSC833 and calcein-AM/probenecid as substrate/modulator of the Pgp and MRP pump, respectively, and subsequent labeling of cells with monoclonal antibodies for LAP detection allowed simultaneous detection of LAP and Pgp or MRP activity. Validation of this assay is shown for 30 newly diagnosed AML and 11 MRD situations. In addition, no significant differences were found when comparing fresh and cryopreserved de novo AML for LAP expression (n = 43), Pgp (n = 30) and MRP (n = 24) function and for MRD samples for simultaneous LAP expression and Pgp/MRP activity (n = 10). This approach enables longitudinal and multicenter studies on the detection, quantification and functional characterisation of MRD cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Cryopreservation
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Female
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/analysis
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm, Residual/immunology
- Neoplasm, Residual/metabolism
- Neoplasm, Residual/pathology
- Specimen Handling
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van der Pol
- Department of Hematology, Medical Center Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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van der Pol M, Pater J, Feller N, van Stijn A, Westra A, Ossenkoppele G, Broxterman H, Schuurhuis G. Functional characterization of minimal residual disease in aml - simultaneous detection of p-glycoprotein function and aberrant phenotypes. Exp Hematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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van Stijn A, Bontje P, van der Pol M, Feller N, Ossenkoppele G, Schuurhuis G. Clonogenic ability and apoptosis resistance are higher for CD34+ than for CD34− blasts in aml. Exp Hematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Honkoop AH, van der Wall E, Feller N, Schuurhuis GJ, van der Vijgh WJ, Boven E, van Groeningen CJ, Giaccone G, Hoekman K, Vermorken JB, Wagstaff J, Pinedo HM. Multiple cycles of high-dose doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell support in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 1997; 8:957-62. [PMID: 9402167 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008259518263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study we applied doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in a dose-intensive regimen with GM-CSF to patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). That treatment failed to prolong the remission duration compared to conventional-dose chemotherapy. In the present study we escalated the dosages of the same agents to: 1) determine the maximum tolerated dosages (MTD) when given for three cycles with G-CSF mobilised peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) reinfusion and 2) evaluate the antitumour effect of this regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS For mobilisation of PBPC, G-CSF 15 microg/kg/day was given subcutaneously (s.c.), and in subsequent cohorts leucapheresis was started on days 3, 4 or 6. The intention was to treat MBC patients with three cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide at a starting dose of doxorubicin 90 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2. Dosages were then escalated in subsequent cohorts of at least three patients. In case of dose-limiting mucositis, only the dose of cyclophosphamide was escalated in the next cohort. RESULTS Twenty-one patients entered this protocol, of which 18 patients received high-dose chemotherapy. The mobilisation of PBPC using G-CSF only was sufficient for three cycles of high-dose chemotherapy in 10 of 21 (47%) patients. Mucositis precluded dose escalation of doxorubicin beyond 110 mg/m2. The MTD in this combination was 110 mg/m2 for doxorubicin, and 4 g/m2 for cyclophosphamide, with haemorrhagic cystitis being the dose-limiting toxicity. The overall response rate was 78% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 57%-97%), with 22% (95% CI: 3%-41%) complete responses. CONCLUSION The MTD of this three cycle high-dose regimen was doxorubicin 110 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 4 g/m2 with mucositis and cystitis being dose-limiting toxicities. Although the primary aim was not the evaluation of antitumour effect, this high-dose regimen does not appear to provide an improvement of treatment results in comparison with our previous study with the same drugs at moderately high-dosages without stem cell support.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Honkoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Feller N, Hoekman K, Kuiper CM, Linn SC, Verheul HM, Wolthers BG, Popp-Snijders C, Pinedo HM. A patient with adrenocortical carcinoma: characterization of its biological activity and drug resistance profile. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3:389-94. [PMID: 9815696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a patient with a metastasized adrenocortical cancer who exhibited excessive production of both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids combined with suppressed androgen production. Unusual steroid metabolites found in the patient's urine have not been described previously in association with this tumor type. Investigation of the multidrug resistance phenotype in single-cell suspensions of the tumor revealed low expression of multidrug resistance protein but high expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and lung resistance-related protein. Functional Pgp in these tumor cells was shown by the modulatory effect of PSC833 on daunorubicin accumulation. Mitotane, at a concentration achieved in this patient's plasma, completely reversed the Pgp-related resistance both in the Pgp-overexpressing KB8-5 cell line and in the patient's tumor cells. On the basis of these in vitro results, the patient was treated with a combination of multidrug resistance drugs (doxorubicin, vincristine, and etoposide) plus mitotane as a Pgp modulator. This treatment was ineffective, however. A chemosensitivity assay demonstrated that the tumor cells were highly resistant to the drugs used. The adrenocortical cancer cells expressed mutant p53, and no evidence for induction of apoptosis by these drugs was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Feller
- Central Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Academic Hospital, Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Broxterman HJ, Sonneveld P, Feller N, Ossenkoppele GJ, Währer DC, Eekman CA, Schoester M, Lankelma J, Pinedo HM, Löwenberg B, Schuurhuis GJ. Quality control of multidrug resistance assays in adult acute leukemia: correlation between assays for P-glycoprotein expression and activity. Blood 1996; 87:4809-16. [PMID: 8639853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have compared multiple assays for the P-glycoprotein (Pgp/MDR1) phenotype in fresh and thawed adult acute leukemia to validate and quantitate measures for the expression and function of Pgp. The results are related to the Pgp-expressing KB8 and KB8-5 call lines. The most sensitive assay was the measurement of modulation of the rhodamine 123 (R123) fluorescence by 2 micromol/L PSC833, followed by the modulation of the probe calcein-AM. We also found a good intralaboratory and interlaboratory correlation between the values of the R123/PSC833 assay for fresh as well as thawed samples. In addition, the affects of PSC833 on 3H-daunorubicin (DNR) accumulation, DNR fluorescence, and 3H-vincristine accumulation were very similar. The correlation between the DNR/PSC833 and R123/PSC833 test was r = .86 (N = 51). The modulation of drug accumulation by 8 micromol/L verapamil was the some as the PSC833 effect for DNR (117%, N = 21), but was higher for vincristine in every single case (161% v 121%, N = 22; P< .001), indicating additional verapamil effects, not related to Pgp. The correlation of the staining of viable cells for Pgp with the monoclonal antibody MRK16 was r = .77 (N = 52) for the R123/PSC833 functional test and r = .84 (N = 50) for the DNR/PSC833 test. From these results it could be calculated that a maximal increase of the mean DNR accumulation of about 50% can be achieved by blocking Pgp pump activity with PSC833 in leukemic blast samples with the highest mean Pgp expression. Subpopulations of blast calls with higher Pgp activity are likely to be present. Their relevance has to be studied further. The methods outlined here allow the reliable, quantitative monitoring of the Pgp/MDR1 phenotype in leukemias in multicentered, clinical Pgp modulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Broxterman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Jansen WJ, Pinedo HM, van der Wilt CL, Feller N, Bamberger U, Boven E. The influence of BIBW22BS, a dipyridamole derivative, on the antiproliferative effects of 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and gemcitabine in vitro and in human tumour xenografts. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A:2313-9. [PMID: 8652262 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dipyridamole is known as a potent inhibitor of facilitated diffusion-mediated nucleoside transport as well as a modulator of 'classical' multidrug resistance. BIBW22BS, a derivative of dipyridamole, has been found to be 20- to 100-fold more potent in the reversal of multidrug resistance when compared to the parent compound. In parallel, we studied the efficacy of BIBW22BS in the modulation of the antiproliferative effects of 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and gemcitabine in human cancer cell lines. BIBW22BS, at non-toxic concentrations up to 1.0 microM, increased the antiproliferative effects of 5-fluorouracil 2- to 6-fold in seven of the eight colon cancer cell lines tested in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of 1.0 microM BIBW22BS to methotrexate resulted in a slight increase in the antiproliferative effects, but inhibited the activity of gemcitabine 30- to 100-fold in various cancer cell lines. In vitro, no notable difference was found between BIBW22BS and dipyridamole in their capacity to modulate the activity of the antimetabolites studied. BIBW22BS did not affect the growth inhibition induced by 5-fluorouracil or gemcitabine in human tumour xenografts grown subcutaneously in nude mice. We confirmed the higher potency of BIBW22BS when compared to dipyridamole in the reversal of drug resistance in the Pgp-positive COLO 320 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Jansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Feller N, Kuiper CM, Lankelma J, Ruhdal JK, Scheper RJ, Pinedo HM, Broxterman HJ. Functional detection of MDR1/P170 and MRP/P190-mediated multidrug resistance in tumour cells by flow cytometry. Br J Cancer 1995; 72:543-9. [PMID: 7669559 PMCID: PMC2033905 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1995.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells is often caused by the overexpression of the plasma membrane drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or the recently discovered multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). In this study we investigated the specificity and sensitivity of the fluorescent probes rhodamine 123 (R123), daunorubicin (DNR) and calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) in order to detect the function of the drug transporters P-gp and MRP, using flow cytometry. The effects of modulators on the accumulation and retention of these probes were compared in several pairs of sensitive and P-gp- as well as MRP-overexpressing cell lines. R123, in combination with the modulator PSC833, provided the most sensitive test for detecting P-gp-mediated resistance. Moreover, in a 60 min drug accumulation assay R123 can be regarded as a P-gp-specific probe, since R123 is not very efficiently effluxed by MRP. In contrast to R123, a 60 min DNR or calcein-AM accumulation test could be used to detect MRP-mediated resistance. The MRP-specific modulator genistein could be used in combination with DNR, but not with calcein-AM. Vincristine (VCR) can be used to increase the cellular uptake of calcein-AM in MDR cells, but is not specific for MRP. Thus, although the combination of DNR with genistein appeared to be as sensitive as the combination of calcein-AM with VCR, the former may be used to probe specific MRP activity whereas the latter provides a combined (P-gp + MRP) functional MDR parameter. With these functional assays the role and relative importance of P-gp and MRP can be studied in, for example, haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Feller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Feller N, Broxterman HJ, Währer DC, Pinedo HM. ATP-dependent efflux of calcein by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP): no inhibition by intracellular glutathione depletion. FEBS Lett 1995; 368:385-8. [PMID: 7628644 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report that the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transports calcein from the cytoplasmic compartment of tumor cells, in contrast to P-glycoprotein which transports calcein acetoxymethyl ester from the plasmamembrane. The transport of calcein by MRP is ATP-dependent and is inhibited by probenecid and vincristine. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion which occurred when cells were exposed to buthionine sulfoximine had no effect on the efflux of calcein, whereas it reversed the daunorubicin accumulation deficit in MRP overexpressing tumor cells. In conclusion, ATP-dependent transport of calcein and possibly other organic anions by MRP is not inhibited by a large decrease of the intracellular GSH concentration, that inhibits daunorubicin efflux by MRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Feller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Broxterman HJ, Feller N, Kuiper CM, Boven E, Versantvoort CH, Teerlink T, Pinedo HM, Lankelma J. Correlation between functional and molecular analysis of mdr1 P-glycoprotein in human solid-tumor xenografts. Int J Cancer 1995; 61:880-6. [PMID: 7790125 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910610622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) to multidrug resistance in human solid tumors is generally estimated from bulk mRNA measurements or immunohistochemistry, while direct measurement of the effect of Pgp on intracellular drug concentrations has not been pursued. We investigated the feasibility and sensitivity of a method for probing Pgp-mediated drug transport in cells isolated from solid tumors, using xenograft models. Human tumor xenografts (XG) were grown by s.c. injection of Pgp-expressing cell lines 2780AD, BRO/mdr1 and KB8-5. Tumor uptake of doxorubicin (DOX) after administration of DOX to the mice was determined. XG from untreated mice were enzymatically dissociated. The effect of the Pgp modulator bepridil on steady-state cellular daunorubicin (DNR) and vincristine (VCR) accumulation and chemosensitivity of these XG cells was compared with its effects in the cell lines (CL). mdr1 mRNA and Pgp (by flow cytometry) were measured. Also, the dependence on intracellular ATP concentration, [ATP]i, of the modulator effect was determined in intact KB8-5 cells. The results showed that i.v. administration of DOX to the mice led to lower DOX levels in the Pgp-expressing XG than in the "sensitive" XG, suggesting the presence of an in vivo functional Pgp in these XG tumor models. Dissociated, viable XG cells appeared to have ATP levels sufficient to sustain Pgp-ATPase-coupled drug transport. This was inferred from experiments using KB8-5 CL, which showed half-maximal inhibition of DNR transport at an [ATP]i of 1 to 2 mM. The effect of bepridil on DNR and VCR accumulation and chemosensitivity in the XG cells was in accordance with the XG expression of mdr1/Pgp. In KB8-5 XG cells, Pgp function was hardly detectable, in accordance with decreased mdr1/Pgp expression in vivo. In conclusion, Pgp activity can be determined in freshly dissociated XG human tumor cells. The results obtained with the more necrotic KB8-5 XG may represent some of the interpretation problems arising when low levels of Pgp expression occur within a heterogeneous cell population, such as may be expected in clinical human tumors. Also our results indicate that Pgp activity may be impaired in vivo at [ATP]i below 2 mM, which are realistic values for human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Broxterman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Schuurhuis GJ, Broxterman HJ, Ossenkoppele GJ, Baak JP, Eekman CA, Kuiper CM, Feller N, van Heijningen TH, Klumper E, Pieters R. Functional multidrug resistance phenotype associated with combined overexpression of Pgp/MDR1 and MRP together with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine sensitivity may predict clinical response in acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 1995; 1:81-93. [PMID: 9815890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or MDR1 mRNA has been shown to be a negative prognostic factor for clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, resistance to chemotherapy also occurs in the absence of Pgp overexpression. Therefore, besides Pgp expression, we have assessed the expression of MRP, a novel drug transporter gene, along with the functional multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype of leukemic cells. These MDR parameters are correlated with clinical outcome in individual patients. We found functional changes in fresh leukemic cells from de novo or relapsed patients similar to those reported for tumor cell lines with the MDR phenotype. These changes were reduced drug accumulation as assessed with radiolabeled doxorubicin (factor 1.6), daunomycin (factor 1.13), and vincristine (factor 1.6) in patients who were refractory to the combination treatment of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and daunomycin or mitoxantrone as opposed to patients who had complete responses. Also, the intracellular distribution of doxorubicin fluorescence (nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio), as assessed with laser scan microscopy, was reduced 1.4-fold in blasts from refractory patients. Based on historically known clinical response to single-agent daunomycin or ara-C in the group of responding de novo AML patients, we have set a threshold level such that a defined part of the samples that had the highest drug accumulation or nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios were above this threshold value. This allowed discrimination between patients responding to daunomycin from those who were refractory to this drug. By using this threshold level, in the refractory group clinical resistance corresponded with high sensitivity with a resistant phenotype. A similar threshold was set for the data of the in vitro ara-C sensitivity test. By combining both assays for all individual patients, clinical refractoriness as well as sensitivity could be predicted with high accuracy. There appeared to be no stringent relationship between the functional MDR phenotype with expression of either Pgp (fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis) or MRP mRNA (RNase protection). However, by combining both parameters the functional MDR phenotype correlated with the overexpression of either one or both of the parameters in 94% of the samples studied. It is concluded that this combined overexpression in conjunction with functional changes for MDR drugs and ara-C reveal a correlation of MDR phenotype with clinical resistance to combination chemotherapy in AML patients and hereby may adequately predict clinical MDR in individual AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Schuurhuis
- Departments of Hematology, Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatrics, Free University Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Versantvoort CH, Broxterman HJ, Lankelma J, Feller N, Pinedo HM. Competitive inhibition by genistein and ATP dependence of daunorubicin transport in intact MRP overexpressing human small cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 48:1129-36. [PMID: 7945406 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In several multidrug resistant tumor cell lines without overexpression of P-glycoprotein (non-Pgp MDR), a decreased accumulation of drugs has been shown to contribute to resistance. We have recently reported that daunorubicin (DNR) accumulation was decreased in the multidrug resistance-associated protein overexpressing GLC4/ADR non-Pgp MDR small cell lung cancer cell line due to an enhanced energy-dependent efflux which could be inhibited by the isoflavonoid genistein. The purpose of this work was 2-fold: (i) to investigate the mechanism by which genistein inhibits the DNR efflux in the GLC4/ADR cells; and (ii) to characterize the dependence of DNR transport on ATP concentration in intact GLC4/ADR cells. The active transport of DNR in GLC4/ADR cells appeared to be a saturable process with an apparent Km of DNR of 1.4 +/- 0.4 microM. Genistein increased the apparent Km value of DNR, suggesting that this agent is a competitive inhibitor of DNR transport. These data provide additional evidence that energy-dependent DNR transport in GLC4/ADR cells is a protein-mediated process. In addition, genistein decreased cellular ATP concentration in a dose-dependent manner in sensitive as well as in resistant cells. Marked inhibition of DNR transport activity in intact GLC4/ADR cells was found when cellular ATP concentration was decreased below 2 mM by sodium azide or 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Thus, since DNR transport in intact GLC4/ADR is already inhibited at modest cellular ATP depletion, a limitation in ATP supply might open ways to make MDR cells more susceptible to drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Versantvoort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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van Kalken CK, Broxterman HJ, Pinedo HM, Feller N, Dekker H, Lankelma J, Giaccone G. Cortisol is transported by the multidrug resistance gene product P-glycoprotein. Br J Cancer 1993; 67:284-9. [PMID: 8094292 PMCID: PMC1968171 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiology of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is still poorly understood. We now show evidence that cell lines with a high expression of Pgp display a reduced accumulation of cortisol and an ATP-dependent outward transport of the hormone. Cortisol efflux from Pgp negative cells does not have such an active component. Further we show that the steroid hormones cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone cause an immediate, dose-dependent increase of daunorubicin accumulation in Pgp overexpressing cells. These effects are particularly apparent for the more lipophilic steroids. These results demonstrate that Pgp may function as a transporter for cortisol and suggest a physiological role of the protein in steroid handling by organs such as the adrenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K van Kalken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Pediatric orthopaedic surgery clients may be unable to safely, comfortably, and affordably use child safety seats (car seats) for a variety of reasons. This article describes commercially available child safety seats suitable for transporting pediatric orthopaedic surgery clients. Discussed are those children with cerebral palsy, spina bifida, hip dislocations, arthrogryposis, scoliosis, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Versantvoort CH, Broxterman HJ, Feller N, Dekker H, Kuiper CM, Lankelma J. Probing daunorubicin accumulation defects in non-P-glycoprotein expressing multidrug-resistant cell lines using digitonin. Int J Cancer 1992; 50:906-11. [PMID: 1348241 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910500615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells is frequently associated with reduced cellular cytostatic drug accumulation, caused by the drug efflux protein, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). The action of Pgp in tumor cells can be detected by measuring the increase of daunorubicin accumulation upon blocking Pgp with drugs such as verapamil. A number of MDR cell lines have been described, characterized by decreased drug accumulation without Pgp being present. For such non-Pgp MDR cells no gene probes or functional assays are available to study this phenotype in clinical tumor specimens. We have worked out a method which enables the detection of drug-transport-related decreases in cellular daunorubicin accumulations without the need for the use of specific Pgp blockers. The cells used were SW-1573-, GLC4- and HT1080-sensitive cell lines, which accumulated (corrected for DNA content) 272%, 1,288% and 203% more daunorubicin than the non-Pgp MDR sublines SW-1573/2R120, GLC4/ADR and HT1080/DR4. When the plasma membranes of these MDR lines were permeabilized with 20 microM digitonin an increase to 282%, 1,260% and 239% of 14C-daunorubicin control accumulation was measured (at pH = 7.35). The intracellular pH measured with BCECF was the same in parent and corresponding MDR cells, excluding the role of pH differences in the measured effects. This method provides a tool allowing the detection of cellular mechanisms (including Pgp) which are related to active outward transport of daunorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Versantvoort
- Free University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wanders RJ, Wijburg FA, Ruiter J, Trijbels JM, Ruitenbeek W, Sengers RC, Bakkeren JA, Feller N. Prenatal diagnosis of systemic disorders of the respiratory chain in cultured amniocytes and chorionic villus fibroblasts by studying the formation of lactate and pyruvate from glucose. J Inherit Metab Dis 1992; 15:84-91. [PMID: 1316525 DOI: 10.1007/bf01800349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Formation of lactate and pyruvate from glucose was studied in cultured amniocytes and chorionic villus fibroblasts from controls, either untreated or treated with azide, an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase, or other inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Amniocytes with an established cytochrome c oxidase deficiency were also investigated. Control amniocytes treated with azide as well as cytochrome c oxidase deficient amniocytes displayed strongly increased lactate-to-pyruvate ratios after incubation with glucose, compared to control cells. Elevated lactate-to-pyruvate ratios were also found in chorionic villus fibroblasts in which complexes I, III or IV were inhibited by rotenone, antimycin or azide, respectively. We conclude that measurement of lactate and pyruvate production from glucose in cultured amniocytes and/or chorionic villus fibroblasts allows adequate prenatal diagnosis of systemic cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and presumably of other systemic deficiencies of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Versantvoort CH, Broxterman HJ, Pinedo HM, de Vries EG, Feller N, Kuiper CM, Lankelma J. Energy-dependent processes involved in reduced drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant human lung cancer cell lines without P-glycoprotein expression. Cancer Res 1992; 52:17-23. [PMID: 1309222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms contributing to reduced cytotoxic drug accumulation were studied in two multidrug-resistant (MDR) human lung cancer cell lines without P-glycoprotein expression. In these (non-small cell) SW-1573/2R120 and (small cell) GLC4/ADR MDR cells, the steady-state accumulation of [14C]daunorubicin was 30 and 12%, respectively, of that in the parent cells. When cells, at steady state, were permeabilized with digitonin, the amount of daunorubicin binding increased only in the resistant cells. The reduced accumulation of daunorubicin in the SW-1573/2R120 and GLC4/ADR cells was accompanied by a lower initial (2 min) uptake rate of this drug. No difference in initial efflux rate of daunorubicin from preloaded cells could be detected between sensitive and resistant SW-1573 cells. However, daunorubicin was extruded 5-fold faster from GLC4/ADR cells than from the parental cells. In the presence of the energy metabolism inhibitors sodium azide and deoxyglucose, the reduced daunorubicin accumulations in the SW-1573/2R120 and GLC4/ADR MDR cells were (almost) completely reversed. The effects of these inhibitors on drug uptake were already apparent during the earliest measured time points (less than 15 s). Also, the enhanced efflux of daunorubicin from GLC4/ADR cells was inhibited. In ATP-depleted cells, the intracellular pH was lowered by approximately 0.3 units in resistant as well as in sensitive cells. The lower intracellular pH, however, could not account for the increase in daunorubicin accumulation in the resistant cells. Also, for vincristine and etoposide, the increases in drug accumulation under energy-deprived conditions were more pronounced in the resistant SW-1573/2R120 cells than in the parent SW-1573 cells. These results suggest that accumulation of drugs in the non-P-glycoprotein MDR human lung carcinoma cell lines SW-1573/2R120 and GLC4/ADR is reduced by an energy-dependent drug export mechanism which prevents efficient transport of drug to the target. Since P-glycoprotein expression in lung tumors is generally low, these MDR lung cancer cell lines can be used as a model to study alternative mechanisms leading to multidrug resistance in this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Versantvoort
- Department of Medical Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Wijburg
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Amsterdam (AMC), The Netherlands
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29
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Wijburg FA, Feller N, de Groot CJ, Wanders RJ. Menadione partially restores NADH-oxidation and ATP-synthesis in complex I deficient fibroblasts. Biochem Int 1990; 22:303-9. [PMID: 2128595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report our studies on the effects of menadione in cultured fibroblasts treated with rotenone to block complex I. A normalization of the lactate to pyruvate ratio after incubation with glucose, an increased production of 14CO2 from [6-14C]glucose and an increased intra-cellular concentration of ATP was observed in the presence of micromolar concentrations of menadione. These results not only demonstrate the potential value of menadione in complex I deficient patients but also suggest that this system can be used advantageously for the in vitro assessment of therapeutic agents for disorders of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Wijburg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Amsterdam (AMC), The Netherlands
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30
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Bull MJ, Stroup KB, Stout J, Doll JP, Jones J, Feller N. Establishing special needs car seat loan program. Pediatrics 1990; 85:540-7. [PMID: 2314968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Car seat loan and rental programs have provided many families with low-cost access to child restraints. When an infant or child is unable to be accommodated in a standard car seat or seat belt owing to physical or medical problems, parents of these children have few, if any available resources. The establishment and operation of a loan program at the Indiana University School of Medicine for children who are medically fragile is reviewed in this article. This program was developed by the Automotive Safety for Children Program at the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Medical Center, to meet the special transportation needs of children with respiratory, orthopaedic, and other medical and physical difficulties. A summary table is included to highlight restraints that have performed satisfactorily during dynamic crash tests and are used to meet patient transportation needs at Riley Hospital. Guidelines for establishing and maintaining a child restraint loan program for children with special needs are outlined to encourage replication of this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bull
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46223
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31
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Wijburg FA, Feller N, Ruitenbeek W, Trijbels JM, Sengers RC, Scholte HR, Przyrembel H, Wanders RJ. Detection of respiratory chain dysfunction by measuring lactate and pyruvate production in cultured fibroblasts. J Inherit Metab Dis 1990; 13:355-8. [PMID: 2172645 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F A Wijburg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Amsterdam (AMC), The Netherlands
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32
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Wanders RJ, Schelen A, Feller N, Schutgens RB, Stellaard F, Jakobs C, Mitulla B, Seidlitz G. First prenatal diagnosis of acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 1990; 13:371-4. [PMID: 2122103 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Wanders
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Wijburg FA, Feller N, Scholte HR, Przyrembel H, Wanders RJ. Studies on the formation of lactate and pyruvate from glucose in cultured skin fibroblasts: implications for detection of respiratory chain defects. Biochem Int 1989; 19:563-70. [PMID: 2554914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the time course of the formation of lactate and pyruvate from glucose in cultured skin fibroblasts from controls, from a patient with a cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and from controls treated with inhibitors of the individual respiratory chain complexes. Fibroblasts from the patient and inhibitor treated fibroblasts produced more lactate and less pyruvate; this resulted in a significant increase in the lactate to pyruvate ratio, reflecting an increased cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state. We conclude that measurement of lactate and pyruvate production from glucose in cultured skin fibroblasts can be of value in the diagnosis of inherited diseases of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Wijburg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Bull MJ, Stroup KB, Feller N. Information needs of parents of a child in a Pavlik harness. Orthop Nurs 1988; 7:12. [PMID: 3174183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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35
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DeRosa GP, Feller N. Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. Management before walking age. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1987:77-85. [PMID: 3677515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal infants with Ortolani-positive dislocated hips are easily managed by reduction and maintenance of the reduction using a divarication splint, cast, or Pavlik harness. Sixty-six patients with 85 complete, congenitally dislocated hips (Ortolani negative) unassociated with other neuromuscular disorders were examined to assess a method of prereduction traction in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. Forty of the 66 patients were six months of age or younger at the beginning of traction treatment. The remaining 26 were younger than 12 months of age prior to the treatment protocol. Overhead traction with the hip flexed to 90 degrees was employed. Gradual hip abduction to 70 degrees (140 degrees combined abduction) was accomplished over the next ten to 14 days. If the dislocated hip was still in a station above Hilgenreiner's line, then cross traction was applied to add another vector of force to pull the femoral head distally. At an average of 18 days into the treatment protocol, an examination under anesthesia with closed reduction was performed and the patient immobilized in a double hip spica in the "human" position for six to eight weeks. This was followed by use of an Ilfeld divarication splint for nine months. This traction/reduction program was effective in 91% of these cases (60 of 66). Six patients (ten hips) required an open procedure because of persistent instability in spite of reducibility. To date, there is no incidence of avascular necrosis using the criteria of Salter for whole head avascular necrosis and the criteria of Kalamchi and MacEwen for partial head avascular necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P DeRosa
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46223
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Feller N, Bull MJ, Gunnip A, Stroup KB, Stout J, Stephanidis J. A multidisciplinary approach to developing safe transportation for children with special needs. Orthop Nurs 1986; 5:25-7. [PMID: 2946018 DOI: 10.1097/00006416-198609000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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37
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Allalouf D, Schwarzman S, Levinsky H, Feller N, Hart J, Zoher S, Menache R. Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and protein-bound sialic acid in regenerating rat liver. Res Exp Med (Berl) 1986; 186:103-7. [PMID: 3715205 DOI: 10.1007/bf01851990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzyme patterns and protein-bound sialic acid content were compared between normal, regenerating rat liver 10 days after partial hepatectomy and fetal rat liver. For this purpose, liver from ten adult rats and two pools of ten fetal livers each were examined. Isoenzymes were separated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and their percent distribution calculated after quantitation by densitometry of the bands. LDH-5 and LDH-4 combined represented in all the tissues examined 90%-94% of the total activity. LDH-5/LDH-4 ratios were nearly equivalent in the normal and regenerated liver (7.14, 6.41), but substantially lower in fetal liver (2.50). Two bands of AP were visualized in electropherograms. AP-1/AP-2 ratio was lower in regenerated liver (1.57) as compared to normal liver (2.27) and still lower in fetal liver (1.06). Protein-bound sialic acid was, on protein basis, slightly but not significantly higher in regenerated liver (1.71 microgram/mg protein) than in normal liver (1.43), and significantly higher in fetal liver (1.87). The relatively small differences in isoenzyme patterns and in protein-bound sialic acid between regenerated and normal liver as compared to those between fetal and normal tissue add support to the view that the cells in regenerated liver are not of embryonic origin.
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38
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Bayer I, Feller N, Chaimoff C. Influence of steroids on the prevention or aggravation of stress gastric ulcer in rats. Isr J Med Sci 1984; 20:254-6. [PMID: 6539317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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39
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Abstract
Cataracts developed in two young adults who were receiving prolonged antiepileptic treatment with phenobarbital sodium and phenytoin sodium. The known side effects of these drugs are serious and varied, and phenytoin is strongly implicated in the etiology of cataracts in human beings. Results of our research study on rats supported our view on the cataractogenic action of phenytoin.
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40
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David A, Levinsky H, Malik Z, Langzam Y, Feller N, Shaked P, Allalouf D. Ultrastructure of rabbit endosalpinx and glycoprotein pattern of the oviduct fluid in the presence of copper intrauterine devices. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1982; 14:195-201. [PMID: 7129230 DOI: 10.1159/000299449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oviduct fluid was collected from 24 mature female rabbits in estrus fitted with a copper intrauterine device (IUD) in one of the uterine horns by laparotomy and examined for total sugar and protein content. The percentage of total sugar in the dry protein-containing material from the experimental side was 7.3 compared to 5.2 from the control side. The percentage of total protein was 67.0% of the total dry material from the experimental side, compared to 77.7% in the control side. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis confirmed these findings, demonstrating an increase in the strength of the periodic acid-Schiff stain bands of the glycoproteins from the copper IUD side and a weaker Ponceau-S stain of the protein bands. The ampullary-isthmic area and the uterotubal junction of both oviducts were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The secretory and ciliary cells on the copper IUD side were damaged in these two areas. These changes can be attributed to the presence and action of the copper ions in the oviduct milieu.
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41
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Malachi T, Chaimoff C, Feller N, Halbrecht I. Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP in tumor and plasma of breast cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1981; 102:71-9. [PMID: 6277959 DOI: 10.1007/bf00410536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were measured in tumors and plasma of 78 patients with benign and malignant breast tumors. Two groups of malignant tissues were found, one with a high level of PGE2 (M = 55.4 pg/mg) and one with a low level (M = 10.7 pg/mg). The low level did not differ significantly from the benign tissue level (M = 8.7 pg/mg). Two malignant groups could not be detected in the plasma levels. Plasma PGE2 concentration (in form of the 13,14-dihydro-15-Keto metabolite) did not reflect the tissue levels, and no difference was found between the benign (M = 59.9 pg/ml) and the malignant (M = 62.3 pg/ml) patients, but both concentrations were higher than those of healthy controls (M = 34.4 pg/ml). The stage of the cancer, the histological classification and, most important, the period of survival, could not be related to the differences in the PGE2 tissue levels. Neither could plasma cAMP be nominated as a breast cancer market because no difference was found between the cAMP levels of benign tumor patients (M = 16.48 pmol/ml), of malignant tumor patients (M = 21.14 pmol/ml) and of healthy controls (M = 19.07 pmol/ml). The conclusion is that although high amounts of PGE2 appear in some malignant breast tumors, they do not affect the clinical situation. These results may explain the failure to treat human breast cancer patients with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.
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David A, Levinsky H, Allalouf D, Feller N. Effect of copper intrauterine devices on the chemical composition of rabbit oviduct fluid. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1981; 12:180-6. [PMID: 7250781 DOI: 10.1159/000299601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oviduct fluid, collected from 65 mature, female rabbits in estrus and in which a modified copper intrauterine device (IUD) was introduced by laparotomy in one of the uterine horns, was examined for chemical composition. No differences were noted for sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and bicarbonate between the two sides. The copper content was found to be significantly higher in the IUD side (12.80 +/- 3.01 microgram/100 ml), as compared to the control side (9.0 +/- 1.0 microgram/100 ml), the toxicity of which, to blastocyst development, has been reported in some cases. Total protein in the experimental side was significantly higher (258.52 +/- 36.22 mg/100 ml) than in the control side (156.67 +/- 26.45 mg/100 ml). The same was found for sialic acid, 5.30 +/- 0.62 microgram/ml, compared to 3.66 +/- 0.27 microgram/ml, suggesting that a part of the increased protein can be ascribed to glycoprotein. Oviduct fluid glucose was found to be lower in the copper IUD side than in the control side (10.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 17.7 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml). These findings may be explained on the basis of an inflammatory process, taking place in the side of the copper IUD, and should be used with cautiousness in adolescent, and nulligravidae women.
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Abstract
the activities of eight enzymes were determined in the regenerating liver of rats after partial hepatectomy. For five enzymes, i.e., aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, 5-nucleotidase, and acid phosphatase a progressive statistically significant increase in activities was obtained on days 10 and 20 of regeneration. This increase was not at the high level observed for parallel activities in fetal liver of rats on the 20th day of gestation. A possible interpretation of the process of liver regeneration is suggested.
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45
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Katz R, Lerner MA, Feller N. [Galactography in the nonlactational secreting breast]. Harefuah 1979; 97:59-62. [PMID: 575515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations were measured in human benign and malignant breast tumors by radioimmunoassay. Two groups were found among the malignant tissues, one with high PGE2 (M = 65.89 pg/mg) and high cAMP (M = 0.704 pmole/mg) concentrations and one with low concentrations (M = 9.24 pg/mg and M = 0.299 pmole/mg, respectively). The low PGE2 levels in the malignant tumors did not differ significantly from the levels found in benign tumors (M = 8.06 pg/mg). cAMP levels were positively and highly correlated (r = +0.81) with PGE2 levels. No bone osteolysis could be discovered in any of the patients a few weeks after mastectomy operation, but PGE2 analysis of breast tumors may have prognostic value for the future.
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Abstract
Crystalline inclusions were found in the cytoplasmic matrix of the liver cells in 2 out of 5 healthy mongrel dogs. The crystals were rectangular, with fine granular structure and free from the surrounding membrane. Their appearance was different from the intramitochondrial crystalline inclusions described in human and dog livers, as well as from those observed in the livers of other species. The significance of this unique finding remains unclear, but it is suggested that these inclusions represent crystalized protein.
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48
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Solomon M, Kende S, Condrea H, Feller N. [Intraductal papilloma of the breast]. Harefuah 1973; 84:66-8. [PMID: 4704612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Lewinski U, Mandel EM, Condrea H, Feller N. [Recurrent melena and gastrectomy in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia]. Harefuah 1973; 84:70-3. [PMID: 4513056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Feller N, Condrea H, Michalevicz D. [Giant echinococcal cyst of the spleen]. Harefuah 1973; 84:73-4. [PMID: 4704613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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