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Kiyose C, Saito K, Yachi R, Muto C, Igarashi O. Changes in the concentrations of vitamin E analogs and their metabolites in rat liver and kidney after oral administration. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 56:143-8. [PMID: 25759520 PMCID: PMC4345175 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E analog, such as α- and γ-tocopherol, can undergo ω-oxidation without cleavage of the chroman ring, and this pathway is responsible for generation of the major urinary vitamin E metabolite, carboxyethyl hydroxychroman. However, it is still unclear how carboxyethyl hydroxychroman is changed in various tissues after vitamin E intake. We therefore investigated changes in the concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol and their metabolites in rat liver and kidney. The concentration of α-tocopherol in rat liver increased until 6 h after oral administration, and then decreased. The change in the concentration of α-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman in rat liver in the α-Toc group slowly increased until 12 h after oral administration. Cytochrome P450 3A1 mRNA expression significantly increased from 12 h after the start of α-tocopherol administration. The change in the concentration of γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman in rat liver in the γ-Toc group markedly increased until 12 h after oral administration. On the other hand, γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman in rat kidney showed greater accumulation than α-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman from 3 h to 24 h after oral administration. From these results, we considered that γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman formed in the liver continues to be released into the bloodstream and is transported to the kidney rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Kiyose
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimoogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan ; Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimoogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimoogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Rieko Yachi
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimoogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Chie Muto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimoogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Osamu Igarashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimoogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
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Nakajima-Adachi H, Kikuchi A, Fujimura Y, Shibahara K, Makino T, Goseki-Sone M, Kihara-Fujioka M, Nochi T, Kurashima Y, Igarashi O, Yamamoto M, Kunisawa J, Toda M, Kaminogawa S, Sato R, Kiyono H, Hachimura S. Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes cooperatively promote enteropathy in a mouse model of food allergy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107492. [PMID: 25290461 PMCID: PMC4188560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective To improve the efficacy and safety of tolerance induction for food allergies, identifying the tissues responsible for inducing intestinal inflammation and subsequent oral tolerance is important. We used OVA23-3 mice, which express an ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor, to elucidate the roles of local and systemic immune tissues in intestinal inflammation. Methods and Results OVA23-3 mice developed marked enteropathy after consuming a diet containing egg white (EW diet) for 10 days but overcame the enteropathy (despite continued moderate inflammation) after receiving EW diet for a total of 28 days. Injecting mice with anti-IL-4 antibody or cyclosporine A confirmed the involvement of Th2 cells in the development of the enteropathy. To assess the individual contributions of Peyer’s patches (PPs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and the spleen to the generation of effector CD4+ T-cells, we analyzed the IL-4 production, proliferation in response to ovalbumin, and CD4+ T-cell numbers of these tissues. EW feeding for 10 days induced significant IL-4 production in PPs, the infiltration of numerous CD4+ T-cells into MLNs, and a decrease in CD4+ T-cell numbers in spleen. On day 28, CD4+ T-cells from all tissues had attenuated responses to ovalbumin, suggesting tolerance acquisition, although MLN CD4+ T-cells still maintained IL-4 production with proliferation. In addition, removal of MLNs but not the spleen decreased the severity of enteropathy and PP-disrupted mice showed delayed onset of EW-induced inflammatory responses. Disruption of peripheral lymphoid tissues or of both PPs and MLNs almost completely prevented the enteropathy. Conclusions PPs and MLNs coordinately promote enteropathy by generating effector T-cells during the initial and exacerbated phases, respectively; the spleen is dispensable for enteropathy and shows tolerogenic responses throughout EW-feeding. The regulation of PPs may suppress the initiation of intestinal inflammation, subsequently restricting MLNs and inhibiting the progression of food-allergic enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Nakajima-Adachi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shibahara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Makino
- Biotechnical Center (BT Center), Japan SLC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masae Goseki-Sone
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miran Kihara-Fujioka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Igarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Toda
- Vice President’s Research Group “Molecular Allergology”, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Shuichi Kaminogawa
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yachi R, Muto C, Ohtaka N, Aoki Y, Koike T, Igarashi O, Kiyose C. Effects of tocotrienol on tumor necrosis factor-α/d-galactosamine-induced steatohepatitis in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 52:146-53. [PMID: 23526264 PMCID: PMC3593132 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that α-tocopherol (α-Toc), a vitamin E analog, is effective for treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, it is unknown whether or not other vitamin E analogs are effective. Therefore we designed a new rat model of steatohepatitis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation, and used it to investigate the effects of vitamin E analogs. The rat liver triglyceride content increased with the dosage of TNF-α/d-galactosamine (GalN), but was suppressed by intake of both tocotrienol (T3) and α-tocopherol. Moreover, lipid peroxides (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) level in the liver level was also lower in both groups after tocotrienol and α-Toc intake. Intake of both tocotrienol and α-tocopherol also tended to control the increase of liver damage marker activity. In the tocotrienol and α-tocopherol groups, increases of inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in the liver were inhibited, and these effects were considered to contribute to improvement of inflammation and fibrosis. The expression of mRNAs for inflammatory cytokines in rat primary hepatocytes was increased by TNF-α stimulation, but was inhibited by addition of α-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol. Transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA expression in particular was significantly inhibited by γ-tocotrienol. These findings suggest that tocotrienol species are effective for amelioration of steatohepatitis, and that tocotrienol and α-tocopherol exert a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Yachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan ; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Muto C, Yachi R, Aoki Y, Koike T, Igarashi O, Kiyose C. Gamma-tocotrienol reduces the triacylglycerol level in rat primary hepatocytes through regulation of fatty acid metabolism. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 52:32-7. [PMID: 23341695 PMCID: PMC3541416 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of vitamin E analogs, especially gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3), on hepatic TG accumulation and enzymes related to fatty acid metabolism in three types of rat primary hepatocytes: (1) normal hepatocytes, (2) hepatocytes incubated in the presence of palmitic acid (PA), and (3) hepatocytes with fat accumulation. Our results showed that γ-T3 significantly reduced the TG content of normal hepatocytes. γ-T3 also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1A) mRNA, and tended to reduce that of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA. In addition, γ-T3 markedly suppressed the gene expression of both C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and SREBP-1c induced by PA. As these two genes are located downstream of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, their suppression by γ-T3 might result from a decrease of ER stress. Moreover, γ-T3 suppressed the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), which lies downstream of CHOP signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that γ-T3 might prevent hepatic steatosis and ameliorate ER stress and subsequent inflammation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Muto
- Department of Nutrition and Life science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
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Uto-Kondo H, Tani M, Kiyose C, Usuda M, Taguchi C, Hasegawa M, Machida N, Kishimoto Y, Saito H, Ueda T, Igarashi O, Kondo K. gamma-Tocopherol Accelerated Sodium Excretion in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Rats with a High Sodium Intake. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 41:211-7. [PMID: 18299718 PMCID: PMC2243243 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2007030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that γ-tocopherol (γ-Toc) displays a natriuretic potency in rats fed a NaCl diet and administered 20 mg γ-Toc. In this study, we investigated whether γ-Toc has natriuretic potency at a dose lower or higher than 20 mg in rats given a NaCl diet. Male rats were fed a control diet or a NaCl diet and administered either placebo or 10, 20 or 40 mg of γ-Toc. The rat urine was collected for 24 hours (divided into 6 hour periods) and the 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (γ-CEHC) level, the sodium excretion content, and the urine volume were determined. The 24-hour γ-CEHC and sodium levels in the urine of the NaCl groups given 20 mg or 40 mg γ-Toc were significantly higher than those in the placebo group. The peak levels of urine sodium and γ-CEHC in the NaCl group given 40 mg γ-Toc appeared at 0–6 h, which was a more rapid increase than that seen in the group given 20 mg γ-Toc. The 24-hour urine volumes of the NaCl groups given 10 and 20 mg γ-Toc were significantly higher than the urine volume of the placebo group. Our findings suggested that γ-Toc increased sodium excretion in a dose-dependent manner in rats fed a NaCl diet. Moreover, a high dose of γ-Toc may accelerate its metabolism and cause an increase in the rate of sodium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Uto-Kondo
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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Hirooka M, Igarashi O, Nagayasu A, Minaguchi J, Hosaka YZ, Ueda H, Tangkawattana P, Takehana K. Morphological and biochemical analysis of intact and opaque cornea in dogs. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2010; 87:59-64. [PMID: 20882768 DOI: 10.2535/ofaj.87.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The arrangement of collagen fibrils and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in substantia propria are important for maintaining transparency of the cornea. Interferences in collagen fibrils and GAG production could be adversative to corneal integrity. In this study, six dogs consisting of four Beagles with normal cornea (normal), one Beagles with opaque cornea (sample No. 1) and one Shih Tzu with neovascularization opaque cornea (sample No.2) were used. All samples were observed morphologically by light and electron microscopes to obtain diameter and distribution of collagen fibrils in substantia propria and were performed biochemically to investigate into GAGs and collagen types. The average diameter of collagen fibrils in the intact cornea of normal, sample No.1 and No.2 was 33.2, 35.0 and 25.0 nm, respectively. The percentage of matrix per unit area was 67% in normal, 87% in sample No.1 and 28.3% in sample No.2. The type III collagen ratio was 25.3% in normal, 21.3% in sample No.1 and 35.8% in sample No.2. The relative amount of heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and keratin sulfate was 1.5, 9.7, 51.1 and 37.7% in normal, 3.3, 26.0, 45.7 and 23.7% in sample No.1 and 1.2, 18.0, 16.6 and 54.1% in sample No.2. Hyaluronic acid was found only in sample No.1 with a relative amount of 1.3%. Since there was some relationship between collagen formation and GAGs composition, it might be speculated that disturbance in arrangement of collagen fibrils and GAG metabolism especially in substantia propria would bring up opacity of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Hirooka
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Abstract
We examined the relationship between the degree to which motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) decrease in association with the clinical features of patients with the infarction. Using a multiple-point stimulation technique, we obtained the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group in 13 age-matched control subjects and 30 patients with cerebral infarction. In all patients, we obtained the Japan Stroke Scale (JSS) and head MR images. In 8 patients with acute cerebral infarction, admitted within 24 h after onset, we also obtained head MR angiograms and single-photon emission CT. There was a decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group on the affected side of 24 patients with cerebral infarction and hand weakness. The decrease in the MUNE started from 4 to 30 h after the infarction, when T1-weighted MR images of the brain involved were normal. The degree to which the MUNE decreased correlated with the part of the JSS showing the upper extremity weakness. A decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group within 30 h after cerebral infarction may be due to transsynaptic inhibition of the spinal alpha motor neurons innervating this muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Arasaki
- Stroke Care Unit, Department of Neurology, NTT East Kanto Medical Center, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan.
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Yachi R, Igarashi O, Kiyose C. Protective Effects of Vitamin E Analogs against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 47:148-54. [PMID: 20838570 PMCID: PMC2933434 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that α-tocopherol (α-Toc) is effective for amelioration of liver damage. However, it is unknown whether other vitamin E analogs are effective. In this study, we investigated the effects of γ-tocopherol (γ-Toc) and tocotrienols (T3) in rats with fatty liver. Rats fed a vitamin E-deficient diet for four weeks were divided into eight groups: Control, carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), α-Toc, α-Toc + CCl(4), γ-Toc, γ-Toc + CCl(4), T3 mix, T3 mix + CCl(4). After a 24 h fast, the rats were administered 20 mg of each of the vitamin E analogs, respectively. Moreover, the CCl(4) group were given 0.5 ml/kg body weight corn oil preparation containing CCl(4) 6 h after vitamin E administration. We measured the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in plasma, and the contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-Chol) and vitamin E analogs in the liver. Also, we determined the hepatic expression of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines. The liver TG content in the γ-Toc + CCl(4) and T3 mix + CCl(4) groups was decreased in comparison with the CCl(4) group. Moreover, ALT activity in the T3 mix + CCl(4) group was significantly lower than CCl(4) group. These findings suggest that γ-Toc and T3 are effective for amelioration of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Yachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
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Omoe K, Nunomura W, Kato H, Li ZJ, Igarashi O, Araake M, Sano K, Ono HK, Abe Y, Hu DL, Nakane A, Kiyono H, Takakuwa Y, Shinagawa K, Uchiyama T, Imanishi K. High affinity of interaction between superantigen and T cell receptor Vbeta molecules induces a high level and prolonged expansion of superantigen-reactive CD4+ T cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:30427-35. [PMID: 20663890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.140871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice implanted with an osmotic pump filled with the superantigen (SAG) staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), the Vβ3(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibited a high level of expansion whereas the Vβ11(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibited a mild level of expansion. In contrast, in mice implanted with an osmotic pump filled with SE-like type P (SElP, 78.1% homologous with SEA), the Vβ11(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibited a high level of expansion while the Vβ3(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibited a low level of expansion, suggesting that the level of the SAG-induced response is determined by the affinities between the TCR Vβ molecules and SAG. Analyses using several hybrids of SEA and SElP showed that residue 206 of SEA determines the response levels of Vβ3(+)CD4(+) and Vβ11(+)CD4(+) T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Analyses using the above-mentioned hybrids showed that the binding affinities between SEA and the Vβ3/Vβ11 β chains and between SEA-MHC class II-molecule complex and Vβ3(+)/Vβ11(+) CD4(+) T cells determines the response levels of the SAG-reactive T cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Omoe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Nagatake T, Fukuyama S, Kim DY, Goda K, Igarashi O, Sato S, Nochi T, Sagara H, Yokota Y, Jetten AM, Kaisho T, Akira S, Mimuro H, Sasakawa C, Fukui Y, Fujihashi K, Akiyama T, Inoue JI, Penninger JM, Kunisawa J, Kiyono H. Id2-, RORgammat-, and LTbetaR-independent initiation of lymphoid organogenesis in ocular immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2351-64. [PMID: 19822644 PMCID: PMC2768868 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The eye is protected by the ocular immunosurveillance system. We show that tear duct–associated lymphoid tissue (TALT) is located in the mouse lacrimal sac and shares immunological characteristics with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs), including the presence of M cells and immunocompetent cells for antigen uptake and subsequent generation of mucosal immune responses against ocularly encountered antigens and bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Initiation of TALT genesis began postnatally; it occurred even in germ-free conditions and was independent of signaling through organogenesis regulators, including inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2, retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt, lymphotoxin (LT) α1β2–LTβR, and lymphoid chemokines (CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13). Thus, TALT shares immunological features with MALT but has a distinct tissue genesis mechanism and plays a key role in ocular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nagatake
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Terahara K, Yoshida M, Taguchi F, Igarashi O, Nochi T, Gotoh Y, Yamamoto T, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Beauchemin N, Kiyono H. Expression of newly identified secretory CEACAM1a isoforms in the intestinal epithelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 383:340-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Uto-Kondo H, Ohmori R, Kiyose C, Kishimoto Y, Saito H, Igarashi O, Kondo K. Tocotrienol suppresses adipocyte differentiation and Akt phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Nutr 2009; 139:51-7. [PMID: 19056650 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.096131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo studies show that alpha-tocotrienol and gamma-tocotrienol accumulate in adipose tissue. Furthermore, a recent study reports that the oral administration of gamma-tocotrienol from a tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil (TRF) decreases body fat levels in rats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TRF and its components on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which differentiated into adipocytes in the presence of 1.8 micromol/L insulin. TRF suppressed the insulin-induced mRNA expression of adipocyte-specific genes such as PPARgamma, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) compared with the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes only in the presence of insulin. To confirm the suppressive effect of TRF, the major components of TRF, such as alpha-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, and alpha-tocopherol, were investigated. Alpha-tocotrienol and gamma-tocotrienol decreased the insulin-induced PPARgamma mRNA expression by 55 and 90%, respectively, compared with insulin, whereas alpha-tocopherol increased the mRNA expression. In addition, gamma-tocotrienol suppressed the insulin-induced aP2 and C/EBPalpha mRNA expression, triglyceride accumulation, and PPARgamma protein levels compared with insulin. The current results also revealed that gamma-tocotrienol inhibited the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in the insulin signaling pathway of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Thus, the antiadipogenic effect of TRF depends on alpha-tocotrienol and gamma-tocotrienol, and gamma-tocotrienol may be a more potent inhibitor of adipogenesis than alpha-tocotrienol. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that tocotrienol suppresses insulin-induced differentiation and Akt phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, tocotrienol could act as an antiadipogenic vitamin in the nutrient-mediated regulation of body fat through its effects on differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Uto-Kondo
- Internal Medicine 1, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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Terahara K, Yoshida M, Igarashi O, Nochi T, Pontes GS, Hase K, Ohno H, Kurokawa S, Mejima M, Takayama N, Yuki Y, Lowe AW, Kiyono H. Comprehensive gene expression profiling of Peyer's patch M cells, villous M-like cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:7840-6. [PMID: 18523247 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Separate populations of M cells have been detected in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches (PPs) and the villous epithelium of the small intestine, but the traits shared by or distinguishing the two populations have not been characterized. Our separate study has demonstrated that a potent mucosal modulator cholera toxin (CT) can induce lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 and our newly developed M cell-specific mAb NKM 16-2-4-positive M-like cells in the duodenal villous epithelium. In this study, we determined the gene expression of PP M cells, CT-induced villous M-like cells, and intestinal epithelial cells isolated by a novel approach using FACS. Additional mRNA and protein analyses confirmed the specific expression of glycoprotein 2 and myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS)-like protein by PP M cells but not CT-induced villous M-like cells. Comprehensive gene profiling also suggested that CT-induced villous M-like cells share traits of both PP M cells and intestinal epithelial cells, a finding that is supported by their unique expression of specific chemokines. The genome-wide assessment of gene expression facilitates discovery of M cell-specific molecules and enhances the molecular understanding of M cell immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Terahara
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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17
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Chang SY, Cha HR, Igarashi O, Rennert PD, Kissenpfennig A, Malissen B, Nanno M, Kiyono H, Kweon MN. Cutting Edge: Langerin+ Dendritic Cells in the Mesenteric Lymph Node Set the Stage for Skin and Gut Immune System Cross-Talk. J Immunol 2008; 180:4361-5. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Chang SY, Cha HR, Uematsu S, Akira S, Igarashi O, Kiyono H, Kweon MN. Colonic patches direct the cross-talk between systemic compartments and large intestine independently of innate immunity. J Immunol 2008; 180:1609-18. [PMID: 18209057 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the mucosal and the systemic immune compartments are structurally and functionally independent, they engage in cross-talk under specific conditions. To investigate this cross-talk, we vaccinated mice with tetanus toxoid together with cholera toxin with s.c. priming followed by intrarectal (IR) boosting. Interestingly, higher numbers of Ag-specific IgA and IgG Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) were detected in the lamina propria of the large intestine of mice vaccinated s.c.-IR. Ag-specific ASCs from the colon migrated to SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 and mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine/CCL28, suggesting that CXCR4(+) and/or CCR10(+) IgA ASCs found in the large intestine after s.c.-IR are of systemic origin. In the colonic patches-null mice, IgA ASCs in the large intestine were completely depleted. Furthermore, the accumulation of IgA ASCs in the colonic patches by inhibition of their migration with FTY720 revealed that colonic patches are the IgA class-switching site after s.c.-IR. Most interestingly, s.c.-IR induced numbers of Ag-specific IgA ASCs in the large intestine of TLR2(-/-), TLR4(-/-), MyD88(-/-), and TRIF(-/-) mice that were comparable with those of wild-type mice. Taken together, our results suggest the possibility that cross-talk could occur between the large intestine and the systemic immune compartments via the colonic patches without the assistance of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Chang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Gotoh Y, Obata T, Igarashi O, Terahara K, Nochi T, Kunisawa J, Satoh S, Sakamoto M, Matsuki T, Umesaki Y, Benno Y, Kiyono H. Influence of commensal bacteria on the induction of UEA‐1
+
NKM‐16‐2‐4
+
cells in small intestine. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.851.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Gotoh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Obata
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Osamu Igarashi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kazutaka Terahara
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shintaro Satoh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuo Sakamoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of MicroorganismsRIKEN BioResource CenterSaitamaJapan
| | | | | | - Yoshimi Benno
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of MicroorganismsRIKEN BioResource CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDivision of Mucosal ImmunologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
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20
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Kitagawa M, Ueno H, Watanabe S, Igarashi O, Uzuka Y, Kanayama K, Sakai T. Clinical improvement in two dogs with hydrocephalus and syringohydromyelia after ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Aust Vet J 2008; 86:36-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Uto-Kondo H, Kiyose C, Ohmori R, Saito H, Taguchi C, Kishimoto Y, Machida N, Hasegawa M, Yoshioka E, Saita E, Hirata Y, Igarashi O, Kondo K. The coantioxidative effects of carboxyethyl-6-hydroxychromans and alpha-Tocopherol. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:301-5. [PMID: 17934234 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Tocopherol (alpha-Toc) is abundant in LDL and thought to prevent the oxidation of LDL together with various water-soluble antioxidants. Recently, it was reported that alpha-Toc and gamma-Toc metabolites, alpha-carboxyethyl-6-hydroxychromans (CEHC) and gamma-CEHC, are water-soluble antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the interaction between alpha-Toc and CEHC against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and LDL oxidation. We administered 600 mg of alpha-Toc to healthy male volunteers to obtain LDL including high levels of alpha-Toc before antioxidant administration. The alpha-Toc content of their LDL was increased after consumption at 24 h (18.3 microg/mL) above the level before consumption (6.6 microg/mL). The lag time of LDL at 24 h after alpha-Toc consumption (alpha-Toc rich LDL) with alpha-CEHC (98.5+/-8.2 min) or gamma-CEHC (101.3+/-9.0 min) was longer than that of only alpha-Toc-rich LDL (78.1+/-9.0 min). Furthermore, we examined the interaction of LDL with CEHC and alpha-Toc in vitro (5-20 microg/mL). The lag times of 5 and 10 microg/mL alpha-Toc were 65.5+/-18.9 min and 69.5+/-15.5 min, and that of 20 microg/mL alpha-Toc (83.5+/-20.2 min) was longer than the control value (55.7+/-14.1 min). The lag time of 20 microg/mL alpha-Toc with alpha-CEHC (98.7+/-25.7 min) or gamma-CEHC (100.6+/-25.3 min) was longer than that of only alpha-Toc (83.5+/-20.2 min). These results suggest that CEHC has the potential to delay the oxidation of LDL, while enhancing the antioxidative activity of alpha-Toc both in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Uto-Kondo
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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22
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Nochi T, Yuki Y, Matsumura A, Mejima M, Terahara K, Kim DY, Fukuyama S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Kawaoka Y, Kohda T, Kozaki S, Igarashi O, Kiyono H. A novel M cell–specific carbohydrate-targeted mucosal vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific immune responses. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2007. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1794oia8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Nochi T, Yuki Y, Matsumura A, Mejima M, Terahara K, Kim DY, Fukuyama S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Kawaoka Y, Kohda T, Kozaki S, Igarashi O, Kiyono H. A novel M cell-specific carbohydrate-targeted mucosal vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:2789-96. [PMID: 17984304 PMCID: PMC2118513 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucosally ingested and inhaled antigens are taken up by membranous or microfold cells (M cells) in the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches or nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. We established a novel M cell–specific monoclonal antibody (mAb NKM 16–2-4) as a carrier for M cell–targeted mucosal vaccine. mAb NKM 16–2-4 also reacted with the recently discovered villous M cells, but not with epithelial cells or goblet cells. Oral administration of tetanus toxoid (TT)– or botulinum toxoid (BT)–conjugated NKM 16–2-4, together with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin, induced high-level, antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and mucosal IgA responses. In addition, an oral vaccine formulation of BT-conjugated NKM 16–2-4 induced protective immunity against lethal challenge with botulinum toxin. An epitope analysis of NKM 16–2-4 revealed specificity to an α(1,2)-fucose–containing carbohydrate moiety, and reactivity was enhanced under sialic acid–lacking conditions. This suggests that NKM 16–2-4 distinguishes α(1,2)-fucosylated M cells from goblet cells containing abundant sialic acids neighboring the α(1,2) fucose moiety and from non-α(1,2)-fucosylated epithelial cells. The use of NKM 16–2-4 to target vaccine antigens to the M cell–specific carbohydrate moiety is a new strategy for developing highly effective mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Nochi
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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24
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Takayama N, Igarashi O, Kweon MN, Kiyono H. Regulatory role of Peyer’s patches for the inhibition of OVA-induced allergic diarrhea. Clin Immunol 2007; 123:199-208. [PMID: 17360239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 12/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal allergic diseases are initiated by aberrant Th2-type immune responses, including elevation of IgE antibodies (Abs) and infiltration of eosinophils. However, little is known about the role of Peyer's patches (PP) in the control of allergic diseases. Using a mouse model for food allergy, we here show that mice lacking PP are more susceptible to disease development and show higher levels of antigen-specific IgE Abs than do PP-intact mice. In our study, we noted that high numbers of eosinophils infiltrated into the small intestine of PP-null mice. In contrast, the PP of intact mice contained regulatory CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells (Treg) that are known to produce high levels of IL-10, and inhibited the development of allergic diarrhea. PP-intact mice thus developed allergic diarrhea when treated with anti-CD25 or anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vivo. These studies demonstrate that PP, as the site where IL-10-producing Treg cells are created, mediate the mucosal regulatory network for the control of undesired allergic responses in the intestine.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibody-Producing Cells/chemistry
- Antibody-Producing Cells/immunology
- Diarrhea/immunology
- Diarrhea/pathology
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Food Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Food Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestines/immunology
- Intestines/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mucous Membrane/cytology
- Mucous Membrane/immunology
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-7/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takayama
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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25
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Wakaiki S, Maehara S, Abe R, Tsuzuki K, Igarashi O, Saito A, Itoh N, Yamashita K, Izumisawa Y. Indocyanine Green Angiography for Examining the Normal Ocular Fundus in Dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:465-70. [PMID: 17551217 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In dogs, a variety of diseases of the retina and choroid have been reported, either separately or concomitantly; however, the canine choroid is difficult to evaluate by veterinary techniques currently available. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is widely used in human ophthalmology, but has not been investigated for use in canine ophthalmology. The aim of this study was to apply a new approach to ICG angiography and compare the resulting angiograms with fluorescein (FLUO) angiograms of the ocular fundus in dogs. With a fundus camera equipped with an infrared-sensitive charged coupled device (CCD), we performed angiography on eight healthy beagles under inhalation anesthesia. ICG angiography enabled clear visualization of the choroidal vasculature, whereas FLUO angiography showed only the retinal vessels. At 8.4 +/- 3.6 sec after administration of ICG dye into the cephalic vein, the choroidal arteries could be seen extending radially from the optic disc, then the choroidal veins became apparent at 10.2 +/- 4.1 sec, coursing alongside the choroidal arteries. Gradual fading of the choroidal vessels began 13.2 +/- 2.2 min after the dye was administered, and overall diffuse fluorescence of the fundus appeared. Diffuse fluorescence of the fundus continued after the choroidal vessels and optic disc faded at about 58.3 +/- 5.3 min from administration of the dye. In conclusion, ICG angiography provides clear resolution and is reliable and simple, thus offering promise as a diagnostic aid for clinical evaluation of the choroid in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Wakaiki
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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26
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Ogawa A, Nosaka N, Kasai M, Aoyama T, Okazaki M, Igarashi O, Kondo K. Dietary Medium- and Long-chain Triacylglycerols Accelerate Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Humans. J Oleo Sci 2007; 56:283-7. [PMID: 17898493 DOI: 10.5650/jos.56.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a liquid meal containing medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and was conducted in double-blind cross-over manner. Twenty subjects participated in this examination. The subjects consumed the liquid meal, which was made with 14 g of canola oil (LCT, long-chain triacylglycerols) or MLCT containing about 12% medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured by indirect calorimetry. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined based on there parameters, applying the equation of Weir. Increase in DIT after ingesting the liquid meal with MLCT during 6h was significantly greater than with LCT (P<0.05). The results suggest that the substitution of MLCT for cooking oil is useful to control body weigh and fat in subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ogawa
- Health and Nutrition Science Division, Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, LTD, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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27
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Arasaki K, Igarashi O, Ichikawa Y, Machida T, Shirozu I, Hyodo A, Ushijima R. Reduction in the motor unit number estimate (MUNE) after cerebral infarction. J Neurol Sci 2006; 250:27-32. [PMID: 16904126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of the decrease in motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) after cerebral infarction has not been studied systematically. We examined the relationship between the degree to which MUNEs decreased and the other clinical features of patients with the infarction. METHODS Using a multiple point stimulation technique, we obtained the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group in 13 age-matched control subjects and 30 patients with cerebral infarction. In all patients, we obtained the Japan Stroke Scale (JSS) and head MR images. In eight patients with acute cerebral infarction, admitted within 24 h after onset, we also obtained head MR angiograms and single-photon emission CT. FINDINGS There was a decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group on the affected side of 24 patients with cerebral infarction and hand weakness. The decrease in the MUNE started from 4 to 30 h after the infarction, when T1-weighted MR images of the brain involved were normal. The degree to which the MUNE decreased correlated with the part of the JSS showing the upper extremity weakness. INTERPRETATIONS A decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group within 30 h after cerebral infarction may be due to trans-synaptic inhibition of the spinal alpha motor neurons innervating this muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Arasaki
- Stroke Care Unit, Department of Neurology, NTT East Kanto Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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Maeda M, Tsukahara H, Terada H, Nakaji S, Nakamura H, Oba H, Igarashi O, Arasaki K, Machida T, Takeda K, Takanashi JI. Reversible splenial lesion with restricted diffusion in a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions. J Neuroradiol 2006; 33:229-36. [PMID: 17041527 DOI: 10.1016/s0150-9861(06)77268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reversible lesion in the central area of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) is a unique phenomenon occurring particularly in patients with encephalitis or encephalopathy and in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs (AED). We report MR imaging findings, clinical courses, and outcomes in eight patients with various diseases and conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight patients with a reversible SCC lesion with transiently restricted diffusion were reviewed retrospectively. Diseases and conditions that were associated with a reversible lesion included epilepsy receiving AED (n=1), seizure from eclampsia receiving AED (n=1), mild infectious encephalitis (n=2), hypernatremia resulting in osmotic myelinolysis (n=1), and neoplasm (n=3) such as acute lymphocytic leukemia, spinal meningeal melanocytoma, and esophageal cancer. We evaluated MR imaging findings and clinical findings. RESULTS Seven patients had isolated SCC lesions; one patient with osmotic myelinolysis showed additional parenchymal lesions. The reversible SCC lesion shape was oval (n=6) or extended (n=2). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value of the splenial lesion was 0.40+/-0.16 x 10-3 mm2/s, ranging from 0.22 to 0.64 x 10-3 mm2/s. In a patient with osmotic myelinolysis, additional white matter lesions, shown as restricted diffusion, were revealed as not reversible on follow-up MR imaging. Neurological courses and outcomes were good in seven patients with isolated SCC lesions, but poor in one with osmotic myelinolysis. CONCLUSION Reversible SCC lesion with restricted diffusion is apparent in a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions. Neurological courses and outcomes are good, particularly in patients with isolated SCC lesions. Knowledge of MR imaging findings and the associated spectrum of diseases and conditions might prevent unnecessary invasive examinations and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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29
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Igarashi O, Iguchi H, Ogura N, Ichikawa Y, Kiyozuka T, Kawabe K, Maruyama M, Fujioka T, Ikeda K, Iwasaki Y. Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome due to brainstem hemorrhage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006; 108:507-10. [PMID: 16720226 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome is characterized by specific sensory disturbance around the corner of the mouth, in the hand and in the foot on the same side. Lesions responsible for causing this syndrome vary. We report two cases of cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome due to midbrain and pontine hemorrhage, respectively. Pontine hemorrhage producing cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome has been reported in three cases, but this is the first case that midbrain hematoma exhibits this syndrome. Damage in the sensory pathway can cause cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome. Difference in the threshold may explain the specific sensory pattern in this syndrome. Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome is caused by lacunar infarction in majority of the cases. However, it should be kept in mind that hematomas can cause cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Igarashi
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Omori Hospital, 6-11-1 Omorinishi Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
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30
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Iwasaki Y, Ikeda K, Igarashi O, Baba S. Depression is associated with impairment of ADL, not motor function in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2006; 66:956; author reply 956. [PMID: 16567734 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000218669.25415.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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31
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Iwasaki Y, Igarashi O, Ichikawa Y, Ikeda K. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings. Neurology 2006; 64:1318; author reply 1318. [PMID: 15824383 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.64.7.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Ikeda K, Kashihara H, Hosozawa KI, Shimoma M, Ichikawa Y, Igarashi O, Aoyagi J, Tamura M, Iwasaki Y. A fetal circle of Willis is associated with a decreased deep white matter lesion load. Neurology 2006; 64:2163-4; author reply 2163-4. [PMID: 15985606 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.64.12.2163-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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Kasai M, Negishi S, Uto H, Okazaki M, Igarashi O, Kondo K. We-P14:380 Dietary medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) suppress accumulation of body fat. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Iwasaki Y, Igarashi O, Aoyagi J, Iwamoto K, Ikeda K. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: MRI study of brain and spinal cord. Neurology 2005; 65:1340; author reply 1340. [PMID: 16247085 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.65.8.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Igarashi O, Fujioka T, Kishi M, Normoto N, Iwasaki Y, Kurihara T. Guillain-Barre syndrome with optic neuritis and cytomegalovirus infection. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005; 10:340-1. [PMID: 16221294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.10313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Iwasaki Y, Igarashi O, Ichikawa Y, Ikeda K. Strokes in the subinsular territory: clinical, topographical, and etiological patterns. Neurology 2005; 64:2164; author reply 2164. [PMID: 15985608 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.64.12.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yagi T, Yasuda F, Fushimi N, Hara Y, Nakagiri H, Hamada T, Ikeda I, Igarashi O. Lymphatic absorption of structured triacylglycerols, 1(3)-stearoyl-2,3 (1)-dilinoleoylglycerol and 2-linoleoyl-1,3-distearoylglycerol in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2005; 50:446-8. [PMID: 15895523 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.50.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic recovery of 1(3)-stearoyl-2,3(1)-dilinoleoylglycerol (SLL) and 2-linoleoyl-1,3-distearoylglycerol (SLS) which had been enzymatically synthesized were compared with those of trilinoleoylglycerol (LLL) and the randomly esterified triacylglycerol which contained stearic acid and linoleic acid at 1:2. Recoveries of linoleic acid in all of the triacylglycerols were more than 94.0%. Lymphatic 24 h-recoveries of stearic acid given as SLL and SLS were significantly lower than that of stearic acid given as the randomly esterified triacylglycerol. Recoveries of stearic acid from SLL, SLS and the randomly esterified triacylglycerol were 88.49%, 68.3% and 101%. respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yagi
- Research & Development Center, Showa Sangyoo Co. Ltd., Hinode, Funabashi 273-0015, Japan
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Iwasaki Y, Igarashi O, Iwasa Y, Hirano K, Satoh R, Iwamoto K, Kawase Y, Aoyagi J, Ichikawa Y, Kawabe K, Ikeda K. Bilirubin and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2005; 107:160; author reply 161. [PMID: 15708236 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Igarashi O, Aoyagi J, Kawase Y, Kiyozuka T, Kawabe K, Ichikawa Y, Iguchi H, Fujioka T, Ikeda K, Iwasaki Y. Cheiro-pedal syndrome following pontine infarction. Neurol Res 2005; 27:103-4. [PMID: 15829168 DOI: 10.1179/016164105x18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 64-year-old man with sudden onset of numbness in the right hand and foot. Neurological examinations were normal except for hypersthesia, and hyperalgesia of the right hand and foot. Brain MRI demonstrated a high signal intensity on T2-weighted image and a low signal intensity on T1-weighted image in the left tegmetum of the pons. He was diagnosed with pontine infarction presenting with cheiro-pedal syndrome (CPS). Damage in the sensory pathways can cause CPS. Difference in the threshold may explain the specific sensory pattern in this syndrome. Further examination of the relationship between sensory symptoms and localization on MRI is needed to clarify this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Igarashi
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Omori Hospital, 6-11-1 Omorinishi Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
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Iguchi H, Ogura N, Kiyozuka TH, Igarashi O, Kawabe K, Maruyama M, Fujioka T, Iwasaki Y. Gynecomastia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2005; 6:147-148. [PMID: 19078765 DOI: 10.1097/01.cnd.0000146228.58880.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Omori Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Iwasaki Y, Igarashi O, Ichikawa Y, Kawabe K, Ikeda K. Vitamins A, C and E in vascular parkinsonism. J Neurol Sci 2004; 227:149; author reply 151-2. [PMID: 15546605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Igarashi O, Ogura N, Kiyozuka T, Kawabe K, Iguchi H, Maruyama M, Fujioka T, Ichikawa Y, Ikeda K, Iwasaki Y. Lateral lower medullary infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 61:1609. [PMID: 15477519 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.61.10.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Igarashi
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Omori Hospital, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
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Iwasaki Y, Igarashi O, Kawabe K, Kiyozuka T, Kawase Y, Aoyagi J, Iwasa Y, Hirano K, Satoh R, Ikeda K. MG with distal muscle involvement. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 110:270; author reply 271-2. [PMID: 15355493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ueta M, Nochi T, Jang MH, Park EJ, Igarashi O, Hino A, Kawasaki S, Shikina T, Hiroi T, Kinoshita S, Kiyono H. Intracellularly expressed TLR2s and TLR4s contribution to an immunosilent environment at the ocular mucosal epithelium. J Immunol 2004; 173:3337-47. [PMID: 15322197 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are key players in the first line of defense offered by the mucosal immune system against invading pathogens. In the present study we sought to determine whether human corneal epithelial cells expressing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as pattern-recognition receptors in the innate immune system and, if so, whether these TLRs act as a first line of defense in ocular mucosal immunity. Incubation of human primary corneal epithelial cells and the human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T) with peptidoglycan or LPS did not lead to activation, at the level of DNA transcription, of NF-kappaB or the secretion of inflammation-associated molecules such as IL-6, IL-8, and human beta-defensin-2. However, when incubated with IL-1alpha to activate NF-kappaB, the production by these cells of such inflammatory mediators was enhanced. Human corneal epithelial cells were observed to express both TLR2- and TLR4-specific mRNA as well as their corresponding proteins intracellularly, but not at the cell surface. However, even when LPS was artificially introduced into the cytoplasm, it did not lead to the activation of epithelial cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the intracellular expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in human corneal epithelial cells fails to elicit innate immune responses and therefore, perhaps purposely, contributes to an immunosilent environment at the ocular mucosal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Iwasaki Y, Igarashi O, Ichikawa Y, Kiyozuka T, Kawabe K, Iguchi H, Aoyagi J, Kawase Y, Ikeda K, Fujioka T. T2-hypointensity in the cortex. J Neurol Sci 2004; 221:121; author reply 123. [PMID: 15178227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Iwasaki Y, Ichikawa Y, Igarashi O, Konno S, Aoyagi J, Ikeda K, Marabuchi S, Ono S, Iguchi H, Kawabe K, Fujioka T. T-588 protects motor neuron death following axotomy. Neurochem Res 2004; 29:403-6. [PMID: 15002737 DOI: 10.1023/b:nere.0000013744.57398.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
R(-)-1-(benzo [b] thiophen-5-yl)-2-[2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethoxy] ethanol hydrochloride) (T-588) enhances acetylcholine release. This compound slows the motor deterioration of wobbler mouse motor neuron disease and enhances neurite outgrowth and choline acetyltransferase activity in cultured rat spinal motor neurons. We examined the ability of T-588 on axotomized spinal motor neuron death in the rat spinal cord. After the postnatal unilateral section of sciatic nerve, there was approximately a 50% survival of motor neurons in the fourth lumbar segment. In comparison with vehicle, intraperitoneal injection of T-588 for 14 consecutive days rescued spinal motor neuron death. Our results showing in vivo neurotrophic activity of T-588 for motor neurons support the applicability of T-588 for the treatment of motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and motor neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Iwasaki
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Omori Hospital, Omori Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yamamoto T, Oya Y, Igarashi O, Toyoda C, Ogawa M, Kawai M. [Palpable orbital subcutaneous masses in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. MRI and neurophysiological study of multiple peripheral nerve swelling]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2004; 44:286-90. [PMID: 15287511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a 46-year-old woman with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in whom swelling of the first branch of the trigeminal nerves in the bilateral orbits were observed as subcutaneous masses in the upper eyelids. The disease developed when the patient was 33 years old, and weakness of the four limbs, double vision, unilateral hypoglossal neuroparalysis, and unilateral facial paralysis frequently occurred during the course of the illness. On nerve conduction studies, conduction block was detected in the motor nerves. Steroid therapy and immunoglobulin treatment improved the symptoms. At 43 years old, subcutaneous phymas were noted in the bilateral upper eyelids, and fat-suppressed MRI detected the phymas localized along the upper region of the superior straight muscle in the bilateral orbits, and the muscles were slightly compressed downward. The masses branched in the orbits, and were diagnosed as nerve swelling of the supraorbital nerve, the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. Fat-suppressed MRI also identified nerve swelling of the extracranial maxillary and mandibular nerves. However, the patient had no subjective sensory disturbance in the trigeminal nerve region. Blink reflex did not induce R1 and R2 exhibited low amplitude and delayed latency. MRI confirmed asymmetric nerve swelling in the regions of the bilateral median nerves with motor nerve conduction block. Lumbar MRI detected nerve swelling in the peripheral nerves distant from the lumbar ganglion. MRI detected no nerve swelling in the arachnoid space such as the cervical cord, thoracic cord, or cauda equina. Aggravation of CIDP was treated with steroids and immunoglobulin. Diplopia occasionally appeared, but was not consistent with aggravation of CIDP. The bilateral supraorbital nerves remained unchanged for three years on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital for Mental, Nervous and Muscular Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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