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Mayor P, Soliño L, Cartró-Sabaté M, Orta-Martínez M. Impact of hydrocarbon extraction on heavy metal concentrations in lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) from the Peruvian Amazon. Sci Total Environ 2024; 930:172371. [PMID: 38631638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Oil has been extracted from the Western Amazon since the 1920s, leading to severe environmental contamination due to frequent occurrence oil spills and the dumping of produced water. Local inhabitants, along with environmental and human rights organizations, have reported the adverse effects of oil-related pollution on their livelihoods and the ecosystems they depend on. Here, we study accumulation of oil-related heavy metals in wildlife, and its subsequent incorporation into the trophic chain. We analysed the concentration of 14 heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, As, Ni, V, Ba, Se, Be, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al) in liver samples from 78 lowland pacas (Cuniculus paca) hunted for subsistence in an oil-polluted area from the northern Peruvian Amazon where oil has been extracted since the 1970s (n = 38), and two control areas, the Yavari-Mirín River basin (n = 20), and the Pucacuro River basin (n = 20). Pacas in the oil-polluted area have significantly higher concentrations of Cd (P < 0.01) and Ba (P < 0.0001) compared to those in control areas, suggesting bioaccumulation of oil-related pollution. Conversely, Se levels were significantly lower in the oil-polluted area (P < 0.0001), likely due to the sequestration of Se by other heavy metals, particularly Cd. Additionally, minor variations in other heavy metals, e.g., Fe and Zn, were observed in pacas from the oil-polluted area, whereas control areas showed higher concentrations of Ni and Cu. Mn and Al levels did not significantly differ between the study areas. These results underscore the impact of oil extraction on the absorption and assimilation of heavy metals in wildlife, point at oil activities as the source of the high and unsafe blood Cd levels reported for the indigenous population of the studied oil extraction area and raise concerns about the long-term health risks from oil extraction posed to local Indigenous People who rely on subsistence hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Dept. Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Fundamazonia, Iquitos, Peru.
| | - Lucía Soliño
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mar Cartró-Sabaté
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Orta-Martínez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Ulloa GM, Greenwood AD, Cornejo OE, Monteiro FOB, Scofield A, Santolalla Robles ML, Lescano AG, Mayor P. Phylogenetic congruence of Plasmodium spp. and wild ungulate hosts in the Peruvian Amazon. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 118:105554. [PMID: 38246398 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Malaria parasites are known to infect a variety of vertebrate hosts, including ungulates. However, ungulates of Amazonia have not been investigated. We report for the first time, the presence of parasite lineages closely related to Plasmodium odocoilei clade 1 and clade 2 in free-ranging South American red-brocket deer (Mazama americana; 44.4%, 4/9) and gray-brocket deer (Mazama nemorivaga; 50.0%, 1/2). We performed PCR-based analysis of blood samples from 47 ungulates of five different species collected during subsistence hunting by an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon. We detected Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum lineage in a sample from red-brocket deer. However, no parasite DNA was detected in collared peccary (Pecari tajacu; 0.0%, 0/10), white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari; 0.0%, 0/15), and tapir (Tapirus terrestris; 0.0%, 0/11). Concordant phylogenetic analyses suggested a possible co-evolutionary relationship between the Plasmodium lineages found in American deer and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Ulloa
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Bellaterra-Barcelona E-08193, Spain; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil; Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas Re-Emergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR), Lima, Peru.
| | - Alex D Greenwood
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, Berlin 10315, Germany; School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Germany
| | - Omar E Cornejo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Scofield
- Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Postgraduate Program in Animal Health in the Amazon, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Meddly L Santolalla Robles
- Emerge, Research Unit on Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andres G Lescano
- Emerge, Research Unit on Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Bellaterra-Barcelona E-08193, Spain; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil; Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA), 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Loreto, Iquitos, Peru.
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Pereira THDS, Mayor P, Evangelista JSAM, Lima AKF, de Andrade RDS, Monteiro FOB. Reproductive physiology with emphasis on endometrial cycles of woolly and uakari monkeys-A literature review. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23585. [PMID: 38108097 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a species to withstand human impact depends on its life history characteristics, including social, ranging, and reproductive activity. The genera Lagothrix and Cacajao are more susceptible to anthropic action than small-sized primates due to their slower life histories, more restricted geographical ranges, and lower population densities. This narrative literature review aimed to gather scientific information available from the last 60 years on the reproductive biology of females of the genera Lagothrix and Cacajao. Most studies on the genus Lagothrix, mainly focused on L. lagothricha and L. l. poeppigii, present important advances on reproductive strategies, reproductive productivity, functional morphology and physiology, including seasonality, sexual cycle, gestation and fetal development in captive and free-living populations. Contrary, there is much less known about the reproductive biology of the genus Cacajao, with studies on free-living C. calvus and C. melanocephalus highlighting reproductive behavior, and basic description of the sexual cycle, gestation, and lactation. Unfortunately, the morphology of the female genital organs is only described in C. calvus, and there is still scarce information about the menstrual activity and the placenta. This literature review encourages primatologists, morphophysiologists, reproductive specialists, and ecologists to conduct comprehensive studies of these species to better understand the gaps in knowledge about reproduction, their relationship with their environment, including climatic and social variables. Understanding the integrative reproductive biology of these species will be a clue for improving the assessment of the resilience capacity of free-living populations and, consequently, establishing more appropriate management programs, and for the development of ex situ management techniques for the conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Maynas, Perú
| | | | - Ana Kelen Felipe Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins (UFNT), Araguaína, Tocantins, Brasil
| | | | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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Li J, Mayor P, Robles MLS, Greenwood AD. The complete mitochondrial genome of the lowland paca ( Cuniculus paca) and its phylogenetic relationship with other New World hystricognath rodents. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:1220-1223. [PMID: 38188425 PMCID: PMC10769523 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2275830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) is a nocturnal, widespread, and solitary large-sized rodent in the family Cuniculidae, and one of the most frequently hunted mammals in the Neotropical forests of Latin America. We assembled the first complete mitochondrial genome of lowland paca using three closely related hystricognath species as reference sequences. The mitochondrial genome is 16,770 basepairs (bp) in length, with similar characteristics of vertebrate mitochondrial genomes. We performed phylogenetic analyses using 26 mitochondrial genome of hystricognath species based on thirteen protein-coding genes. The result confirms the taxonomical placement among the New World hystricognath rodents with high support. The placement is consistent with previous phylogenetic studies based on individual mitochondrial and nuclear genes. The current study improves the phylogenic resolution of hystricognath rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biologie, Chemie, and Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Meddly L. Santolalla Robles
- School of Public Health and Administration, Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alex D. Greenwood
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Freire ECB, Branco É, Giese EG, Monteiro FOB, Mayor P, de Lima AR. Urogenital development and sexual differentiation in males of the species Dasyprocta fuliginosa. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:956-966. [PMID: 37605845 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen black agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa) male fetuses, acquired in two areas of the Amazon Forest, were used for the purpose of morphologically describing the fetal male urogenital organs with a focus on addressing histological and macroscopic aspects. The organs of interest were dissected and photographed in situ and ex situ. Fragments were collected and subjected to routine histological processing for inclusion in paraffin, which was cut and stained by haematoxylin and eosin and Gomori's Trichrome methods and subsequently analysed in a light microscope. The results showed that the urinary tract is like that of domestic animals and is composed of smooth unilobed kidneys covered by a dense capsule of connective tissue and divided into two well-defined regions, cortical and medullary. Ureters, urethra and urinary bladder also showed macroscopic and microscopic characteristics similar to those of domestic animals. The penis of these animals has fibroelastic characteristics, with numerous keratinized structures at its apex. In the middle third of the penis, a "U" shaped penile flexure was seen; the glans penis is covered by a keratinized epidermis containing horny spicules. The presence of a penile bone in an endochondral ossification process was observed, being more developed in gestational ages greater than 76 days. The annex glands were not observed, probably because they were fetuses; only the ampulla of the ductus deferens was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Carla Barra Freire
- Institute of Health and Animal Production (ISPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Érika Branco
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Elane Guerreiro Giese
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita de Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
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San-José A, Mayor P, Carvalho B, El Bizri HR, Antunes AP, Antunez Correa M, Aquino R, Bodmer RE, Boubli JP, Carvalho EAR, Campos-Silva JV, Constantino PAL, de Paula MJ, Desbiez ALJ, Fang T, Gómez-Puerta LA, Knoop SB, Longin G, Morcatty TQ, Maranhão L, Massocato GF, Munari DP, Nunes AV, Puertas P, Oliveira MA, Pezzuti JCB, Richard-Hansen C, Santos G, Valsecchi J, von Mühlen EM, Bosmediano J, Rodó X. Climate determines transmission hotspots of Polycystic Echinococcosis, a life-threatening zoonotic disease, across Pan-Amazonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302661120. [PMID: 37549288 PMCID: PMC10438396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302661120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Echinococcosis (PE), a neglected life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus vogeli, is endemic in the Amazon. Despite being treatable, PE reaches a case fatality rate of around 29% due to late or missed diagnosis. PE is sustained in Pan-Amazonia by a complex sylvatic cycle. The hunting of its infected intermediate hosts (especially the lowland paca Cuniculus paca) enables the disease to further transmit to humans, when their viscera are improperly handled. In this study, we compiled a unique dataset of host occurrences (~86000 records) and disease infections (~400 cases) covering the entire Pan-Amazonia and employed different modeling and statistical tools to unveil the spatial distribution of PE's key animal hosts. Subsequently, we derived a set of ecological, environmental, climatic, and hunting covariates that potentially act as transmission risk factors and used them as predictors of two independent Maximum Entropy models, one for animal infections and one for human infections. Our findings indicate that temperature stability promotes the sylvatic circulation of the disease. Additionally, we show how El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) extreme events disrupt hunting patterns throughout Pan-Amazonia, ultimately affecting the probability of spillover. In a scenario where climate extremes are projected to intensify, climate change at regional level appears to be indirectly driving the spillover of E. vogeli. These results hold substantial implications for a wide range of zoonoses acquired at the wildlife-human interface for which transmission is related to the manipulation and consumption of wild meat, underscoring the pressing need for enhanced awareness and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià San-José
- Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra08193, España
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Bruno Carvalho
- Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - André Pinassi Antunes
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas69067-375, Brazil
| | - Miguel Antunez Correa
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Programa Putumayo Amazonas, Instituto del Bien Común, Loreto15072, Perú
| | - Rolando Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Trópico y de Altura, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Iquitos575, Peru
| | - Richard E. Bodmer
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Elildo A. R. Carvalho
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Atibaia, SP12952-011, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro A. L. Constantino
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- US Forest Service - International Programs1 Thomas Circle NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC20005
| | - Milton José de Paula
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Altamira, Pará68377-630, Brazil
| | - Arnauld L. J. Desbiez
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul79040-290, Brazil
| | - Tula Fang
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Luis A. Gómez-Puerta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima01, Peru
| | - Simon B. Knoop
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Guillaume Longin
- Parc Amazonien de Guyane, Maripasoula, French Guiana97370, France
| | - Thais Q. Morcatty
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, OxfordOX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Maranhão
- Research Group on Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology, Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas69553-225, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Favero Massocato
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Altamira, Pará68377-630, Brazil
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul79040-290, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Munari
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
| | - André Valle Nunes
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Monitoring and Food Security, Knowledge Center on Biodiversity, Belo Horizonte31270-901, Brazil
| | - Pablo Puertas
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
| | - Marcela A. Oliveira
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos16002, Peru
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Aparício Carvalho, Porto Velho76811-678, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho76800-000, Brasil
| | - Juarez C. B. Pezzuti
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém66075110, Brasil
| | - Cécile Richard-Hansen
- Service Espèces à Enjeux, Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique, Office Français de la Biodiversité/Unité Mixte de Recherche Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana97310, France
| | - Geovanna Santos
- Centro Universitário São Lucas, Porto Velho, Rondônia76805-846, Brazil
| | - João Valsecchi
- Rede de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus69067-375, Brasil
- Research Group on Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology, Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute, Tefé, Amazonas69553-225, Brasil
| | | | - John Bosmediano
- Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Científica de Perú, Iquitos16007, Peru
| | - Xavier Rodó
- Climate and Health Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona08003, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08010, Spain
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Jesus ADS, El Bizri HR, Fa JE, Valsecchi J, Rabelo RM, Mayor P. Comparative gastrointestinal organ lengths among Amazonian primates (Primates: Platyrrhini). Am J Biol Anthropol 2023. [PMID: 37092603 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The morphological features of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in mammals reflect a species' food niche breadth and dietary adaptations. For many wild mammals, the relationship between the structure of the GIT and diet is still poorly understood, for example, the GIT for frugivorous primates is usually classified as unspecialized and homogeneous. Here, we compare the GIT structure of 13 primate species from the three families of extant platyrrhines (Atelidae, Pitheciidae, and Cebidae) in Amazonia, and discuss possible evolutionary adaptations to different diets and trophic niches. METHODS We measured the length of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, colon, and rectum of the digestive tracts of 289 primate specimens. We determined the allometric relationships of the different tubular organs with the total length of the GIT as a proxy of specimen body size. Allometric parameters were used to establish the quotients of differentiation of every organ for each primate specimen. RESULTS There was a high differentiation in structure of the digestive organs among genera. Alouatta specimens clearly separated from the other genera based on dissimilarities in gastric, colonic, and rectal quotients, likely linked to the fermentation of plant contents. In contrast, all cebines (Sapajus, Cebus, and Saimiri) and Cacajao species had similar small intestine quotients, which is expected due to their high rates of animal matter consumed. CONCLUSIONS We show that diverse adaptations in digestive structure exist among frugivorous primates, which in turn reflect different dietary patterns within this group that may enable the geographic coexistence of different primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamélia de Souza Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hani R El Bizri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Julia E Fa
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- CIFOR Headquarters, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - João Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magalhães Rabelo
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos, Peru
- Departamento Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Jacob MCM, Medeiros Souza A, Martins de Carvalho A, Alves de Vasconcelos Neto CF, Tregidgo D, Hunter D, de Oliveira Pereira F, Ros Brull G, V. Kunhlein H, Juliane Guedes da Silva L, Mont’Alverne Jucá Seabra L, Drewinski MDP, Menolli Jr N, Carignano Torres P, Mayor P, F. M. Lopes P, Vasconcelos da Silva RR, Marcelino Gomes S, da Silva-Maia JK. Food Biodiversity as an Opportunity to Address the Challenge of Improving Human Diets and Food Security. Ethnobiol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.15451/ec2023-02-12.05-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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9
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Fragoso JMV, Antunes AP, Silvius KM, Constantino PAL, Zapata-Ríos G, Bizri HRE, Bodmer RE, Camino M, de Thoisy B, Wallace RB, Morcatty TQ, Mayor P, Richard-Hansen C, Hallett MT, Reyna-Hurtado RA, Beck HH, de Bustos S, Keuroghlian A, Nava A, Montenegro OL, Painkow Neto E, Altrichter M. Large-scale population disappearances and cycling in the white-lipped peccary, a tropical forest mammal. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276297. [PMID: 36264921 PMCID: PMC9584423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many vertebrate species undergo population fluctuations that may be random or regularly cyclic in nature. Vertebrate population cycles in northern latitudes are driven by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Suggested causes of mysterious disappearances documented for populations of the Neotropical, herd-forming, white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari, henceforth “WLP”) include large-scale movements, overhunting, extreme floods, or disease outbreaks. By analyzing 43 disappearance events across the Neotropics and 88 years of commercial and subsistence harvest data for the Amazon, we show that WLP disappearances are widespread and occur regularly and at large spatiotemporal scales throughout the species’ range. We present evidence that the disappearances represent 7–12-year troughs in 20–30-year WLP population cycles occurring synchronously at regional and perhaps continent-wide spatial scales as large as 10,000–5 million km2. This may represent the first documented case of natural population cyclicity in a Neotropical mammal. Because WLP populations often increase dramatically prior to a disappearance, we posit that their population cycles result from over-compensatory, density-dependent mortality. Our data also suggest that the increase phase of a WLP cycle is partly dependent on recolonization from proximal, unfragmented and undisturbed forests. This highlights the importance of very large, continuous natural areas that enable source-sink population dynamics and ensure re-colonization and local population persistence in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. V. Fragoso
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA/MCTIC), Manaus, Brazil
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - André P. Antunes
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA/MCTIC), Manaus, Brazil
- RedeFauna–Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Kirsten M. Silvius
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pedro A. L. Constantino
- RedeFauna–Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Richard E. Bodmer
- Museum of Amazonian Cultures-Fundamazonia, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
- DICE, School of Anthropology & Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Micaela Camino
- Proyecto Quimilero, Roosevelt 4344, CABA, Resistencia, Argentina
- EDGE of Existence—Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert B. Wallace
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Thais Q. Morcatty
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i d’Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Loreto, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Mathew T. Hallett
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for the Environment & Sustainability, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - H. Harald Beck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Soledad de Bustos
- Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de Salta, Santiago del Estero, Salta, Argentina
- Fundación Biodiversidad Argentina, Suipacha, Argentina
| | | | | | - Olga L. Montenegro
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mariana Altrichter
- Faculty Environmental Studies, Prescott College, Prescott, Arizona, United States of America
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González-Olvera M, Hernandez-Colina A, Pérez JG, Ulloa GM, Montero S, Maguiña JL, Lescano AG, Santolalla ML, Baylis M, Mayor P. Haemosporidians from a Neglected Group of Terrestrial Wild Birds in the Peruvian Amazonia. Ecohealth 2022; 19:402-416. [PMID: 36030330 PMCID: PMC9573858 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Haemosporidians are a widespread group of blood parasites transmitted by vectors. Despite their relevance for bird conservation, few studies have been conducted in the Amazonia and even less in terrestrial wild birds. We analysed blood samples from 168 game birds, collected from 2008 to 2015 by subsistence hunters of an indigenous rural community in the Peruvian Amazonia. DNA was tested for Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. and positive amplicons were sequenced and curated for phylogenetic analysis. Haemosporidian prevalence was 72% overall, 66.7% for Haemoproteus spp. and 5.4% for Plasmodium spp. and respectively by bird species: Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu, n = 72) 87.5% and 0%, Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum, n = 45) 77.8% and 6.7%, White-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera, n = 20) 6.3% and 12.5%, Blue-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cumanensis, n = 16) 73.3% and 6.7%, and Great Tinamou (Tinamus major, n = 15) 10% and 15%. Leucocytozoon spp. was not found. P. leucoptera and T. major were less likely to be infected with Haemoproteus spp. Fruit abundance had a negative association with Haemoproteus spp. prevalence and precipitation was negatively associated with Plasmodium spp. prevalence. The 106 sequences examined represented 29 lineages, 82.8% of them were new lineages (Plasmodium n = 3, Haemoproteus n = 21). Novel host-parasite associations and lineages were unveiled, including probably new species of Plasmodium spp. Our results highlight the scientific value of alternative sampling methods and the collaboration with local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merit González-Olvera
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, IC2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Arturo Hernandez-Colina
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, IC2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- , Coventry, UK
| | - Jocelyn G Pérez
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, IC2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Gabriela M Ulloa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Grupo Enfermedades Emergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Stephanie Montero
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge L Maguiña
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrés G Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Meddly L Santolalla
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Matthew Baylis
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, IC2 Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Departamento de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
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11
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Conga DF, Bizri HRE, Crespo CG, Gomez-Puerta LA, Ulloa-Urizar GM, Pérez-Peña PE, Bowler M, Mayor P. Environmental predictors of filarial infection in Amazonian primates. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106670. [PMID: 36037980 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Filarial nematode infections are common in primates, but have received little attention in the Neotropics. Epidemiological data on filarial infections in primates are still too sparse to fully understand the complex of this parasitism, especially because of the difficulty in studying the ecology and epidemiology of wild primates.. We describe natural infections by Dipetalonema parasitizing 211 primates belonging to eight free-living primate genera in Amazonia, and assess the relationships between parasitic indicators and climatic (rainfall and river level), ecological (fruiting periods of plants) and biological (sex, species' body mass, group size and density) factors. The overall prevalence was 64.4% (95% CI: 64.0 - 64.9); parasitic mean abundance (N filariae per individual) and parasitic mean intensity (N filariae per infected host) of infection were 11.9 (95% CI: 8.3 - 15.6) and 18.4 (95% CI: 13.4 - 23.4) filariae/individual, respectively. Although we observed differences in parasitic parameters among primate genera, there was no correlation between parasitic parameters with density, body mass or group size. Sapajus, Cebus and Lagothrix had the highest prevalence and parasitic mean intensity. Using Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii, the most sampled species (n = 92), as a model, we found that the number of filariae per infected host was associated with fruit production in swamp forests during the dry season, the time of food scarcity. The long periods of food shortage may cause environmental stress on primates, impairing their immune defenses and leading to increased parasite load but not affecting infection prevalence. However, the lack of information on vector ecology, key to understand risk factors associated to infection rate, prevents confirming the existence of an infection pattern dependent on food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Conga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, 66077-830, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Hani R El Bizri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Estrada do Bexiga 2584, Fonte Boa, 69553-225, Tefé-Amazonas, Brazil; Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University. Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, United Kingdom; Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA), 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Carlos González Crespo
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Luis A Gomez-Puerta
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Gabriela M Ulloa-Urizar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, 66077-830, Belém-Pará, Brazil; Laboratorio de Microbiología y Genómica Bacteriana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro E Pérez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. Jose A. Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Mark Bowler
- School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology Science, University of Suffolk, Waterfront Building, Neptune Quay, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK; Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, California, CA 92027-9614, USA; Suffolk Sustainability Institute, Waterfront Building, Neptune Quay, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, 66077-830, Belém-Pará, Brazil; Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA), 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, E-08193 Bellaterra-Barcelona, Spain; Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Loreto, Iquitos, Peru.
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12
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Pereira THDS, Monteiro FOB, Pereira da Silva G, Rodrigues de Matos SE, El Bizri HR, Valsecchi J, Bodmer RE, Pérez Peña P, Coutinho LN, López Plana C, Mayor P. Ultrasound evaluation of fetal bone development in the collared (Pecari tajacu) and white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). J Anat 2022; 241:741-755. [PMID: 35796070 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of fetal development allows for evaluating the different strategies adopted by mammal species to maximize neonatal survival. Autonomous locomotion is fundamental for newborns to perform foraging activities and increases newborn survival from predation. In this study, we assess the gestational bone development of 53 collared (CP, Pecari tajacu) and 61 white-lipped (WLP, Tayassu pecari) peccaries, collected through the collaboration of subsistence hunters in the Amazon. The bone mineralization and biometry of the axial and appendicular skeleton were assessed by ultrasound examinations, and the timing of the main bone developmental events was calculated in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL) and the percentage of the total gestational period (GP). The first US signs of mineralization of the axial skeleton in CP and WLP were observed in fetuses with 3.4 cm (42 gestation days, 30% GPCP ) and 5.1 cm (51 gestation days, 32% GPWLP ). The early development of the appendicular skeleton was observed by the synchronic appearance of the mineralized scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, ilium, ischium, femur, tibia, and fibula at 36% GPCP (50 gestation days), and 35% GPWLP (56 gestation days). The pubis was mineralized in fetuses at 55% GPCP (75 gestation days) and 59% GPWLP (94 gestation days). The mineralization was observed in all autopod bones at 79% GPCP (109 gestation days) and 67% GPWLP (106 gestation days). All primary ossification centers in long bones of thoracic and pelvic limbs were mineralized in advanced fetuses (GPCP and GPWLP ≥75%). The mineralized patella was not observed in advanced fetuses in either species. Secondary ossification centers first appeared at the distal epiphysis of the femur in the CP (99 gestation days, 72% GPCP ) and the distal epiphysis of the radius, femur, and tibia in the WLP (106 gestation days, 67% GPWLP ). Advanced fetuses of CP and WLP presented 60% (15/25) and 68% (17/25) of the total secondary ossification centers observed present in the adult domestic pig, while newborns from the domestic pig presented 52% (13/25). The early intrauterine development of the skeletal system in both peccary species suggests a precocial development strategy, which likely correlates with neonatal ability to escape predators and reduces the dependence on parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Gessiane Pereira da Silva
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Sandy Estefany Rodrigues de Matos
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Hani Rocha El Bizri
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil.,ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru.,Rede de Pesquisa sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil.,Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - João Valsecchi
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil.,ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru.,Rede de Pesquisa sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Pérez Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Leandro Nassar Coutinho
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Carlos López Plana
- Facultat de Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Brazil.,ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru.,Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru.,Facultat de Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Dos Santos Morais BH, de Lima Cardoso D, da Silva Costa J, Mayor P, de Albuquerque NI, Chisté RC, de Araújo Guimarães DA. Use of wildlife as an alternative protein source: Collared peccary meat. Meat Sci 2022; 192:108895. [PMID: 35752060 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on the nutritional and sensory characteristics of wild meat provides a better basis for its use as food, ultimately expanding studies in gastronomy areas and stimulating the development of new products. This review aims to present information on the use of wild meat, with a focus on collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). The biological characteristics of collared peccaries are discussed, with a focus on the main aspects of their meat. Collared peccary meat has excellent nutritional value due to its high protein levels (18.25%), unsaturated fatty acids (51.6-57.8%), and tenderness, similar to other domestic animals, thereby stimulating the interest of a new product market. Despite the demand for this product, collared peccary meat is scarce and not readily available for commercialization. Further, public policies are needed to encourage the management of this species to add value to the development of a production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deise de Lima Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 66077-830 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Juliane da Silva Costa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Pará, 68740-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazônia, 66077-830 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici V, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Renan Campos Chisté
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Diva Anélie de Araújo Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Pará, 68740-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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14
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Mayor P, El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Moya K, Bendayán N, Solis S, Vasconcelos Neto CFA, Kirkland M, Arevalo O, Fang TG, Pérez-Peña PE, Bodmer RE. Wild meat trade over the last 45 years in the Peruvian Amazon. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13801. [PMID: 34190360 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The trade in wild meat is an important economic component of rural people's livelihoods, but it has been perceived to be among the main causes of the decline of wildlife species. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light an additional concern of wildlife markets as a major human-health challenge. We analyzed data from the largest longitudinal monitoring (1973-2018) of the most important urban wild-meat markets in Iquitos, Peru, to examine the trends in and impacts of these markets on people's livelihoods. Over the last 45 years, wild meat sales increased at a rate of 6.4 t/year (SD 2.17), paralleling urban population growth. Wild meat sales were highest in 2018 (442 t), contributing US$2.6 million (0.76%) to the regional gross domestic product. Five species of ungulates and rodents accounted for 88.5% of the amount of biomass traded. Vulnerable and Endangered species represented 7.0% and 0.4% of individuals sold, respectively. Despite growth in sales, the contribution of wild meat to overall urban diet was constant: 1-2%/year of total meat consumed. This result was due to greater availability and higher consumption of cheaper meats (e.g., in 2018, poultry was 45.8% cheaper and was the most consumed meat) coupled with the lack of economic incentives to harvest wild meat species in rural areas. Most wild meat was sold salted or smoked, reducing the likelihood of foodborne diseases. Community-based wildlife management plans and the continued trade bans on primates and threatened taxa may avoid biodiversity loss. Considering the recent COVID-19 pandemic, future management plans should include potential viral hosts and regulation and enforcement of hygiene practices in wild-meat markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Hani R El Bizri
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University (OBU), Oxford, UK
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil
| | - Thais Q Morcatty
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University (OBU), Oxford, UK
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil
| | - Kelly Moya
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Nora Bendayán
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Samantha Solis
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Carlos F A Vasconcelos Neto
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil
| | | | - Omar Arevalo
- Gerencia Regional de Asuntos Indígenas, Gobierno Regional de Loreto, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tula G Fang
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pedro E Pérez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Richard E Bodmer
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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de Souza Jesus A, de Oliveira-Ramalho ML, El Bizri HR, Valsecchi J, Mayor P. Environmental and biological drivers of prevalence and number of eggs and oocysts of intestinal parasites in red howler monkeys from Central Amazonia. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20210701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Host-parasite relationships can be directly affected by host’s biological aspects and environmental factors, which influence both the survival of infective forms and the incidence of parasites. However, logistical difficulties in accessing biological samples for parasitological studies makes the Amazon Forest into a poorly known region in relation to the dynamic of parasites of wild animals. Here, using 34 red howler monkeys’ biological samples donated by local subsistence hunters from two Amazon habitat types (white-water flooded forest and upland forest) as an opportune alternative, we detected four intestinal parasite taxa infecting this species (two nematodes – Trypanoxyuris sp. and Strongyloides sp., one protozoan – Entamoeba sp. –, and one not-identified trematode, the last just found for white-water flooded forest). Trypanoxyuris was the most prevalent intestinal parasite (56.5% at flooded forest and 54.5% at upland forest). There was no difference between habitat types or individual sex regarding the prevalence for any parasite taxa. On the other hand, we found a strong influence of seasonality, with increasing prevalence of all parasite taxa as the river water level increased. In terms of egg and cyst counts, we found a difference between sexes (females > males, p = 0.002) and habitat types (upland forest > white-water flooded forest, p = 0.02), and a positive relationship with river water level (p = 0.002). Although some of these parasite taxa can be shared between humans and howlers, further investigations are necessary to study the parasites taxonomy thoroughly and to assess the potential zoonotic cross-transmission of these pathogens to local people living in the Amazon. In this study, we unveiled a seasonal effect for howler monkeys’ intestinal parasites, that also might occur in other non-human primates of the Amazon. In addition, our results on periods of high risk of intestinal parasite infection are useful to estimate future impacts of climate change on host-parasite dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamélia de Souza Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém (Pará), Brasil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Miguell Lemos de Oliveira-Ramalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Tefé/Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
- School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos (Loreto), Peru
| | - João Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém (Pará), Brasil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos (Loreto), Peru
- Departamento Sanidad y Anatomía Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Conga DF, Gomez-Puerta LA, Mayor P. Cotylophoron panamensis (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) in Mazama americana (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) free-living in remote areas in the Peruvian Amazon. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 27:100667. [PMID: 35012723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trematodes of the genus Cotylophoron cause mucosal lesions in pre-stomachs and in small intestine in cattle, generating losses in animal production. In the Northeastern Peruvian Amazon, the presence of Cotylophoron panamensis in the 16.7% (4/24) in free-living red brocket deers (Mazama americana) in areas distant from livestock farming suggests the red brocket is a natural wild host of C. panamensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Conga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, 66077-830 Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Luis A Gomez-Puerta
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Terra Firme, 66077-830 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecón Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
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17
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Braga‐Pereira F, Morcatty TQ, El Bizri HR, Tavares AS, Mere‐Roncal C, González‐Crespo C, Bertsch C, Rodriguez CR, Bardales‐Alvites C, von Mühlen EM, Bernárdez‐Rodríguez GF, Paim FP, Tamayo JS, Valsecchi J, Gonçalves J, Torres‐Oyarce L, Lemos LP, Vieira MAR, Bowler M, Gilmore MP, Perez NCA, Alves RR, Peres CA, Pérez‐Peña P, Mayor P. Congruence of local ecological knowledge (LEK)‐based methods and line‐transect surveys in estimating wildlife abundance in tropical forests. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franciany Braga‐Pereira
- Departamento de Ecologia e Sistemática Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Thais Q. Morcatty
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
| | - Aline S. Tavares
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas das Cidades da Amazônia Brasileira Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Carla Mere‐Roncal
- School of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | - Carlos González‐Crespo
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Carolina Bertsch
- Laboratório de Manejo de Fauna Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo M. von Mühlen
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
| | | | | | - Jhancy Segura Tamayo
- Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP) Urbanización Palomar Calle Lima Peru
| | - João Valsecchi
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
| | - Jonas Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Manejo de Fauna Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Brazil
- Secretaria Executiva de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação (SECTI/SEDECTI) Governo do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | | | - Lísley Pereira Lemos
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Estrada do Bexiga Tefé Brazil
| | - Marina A. R. Vieira
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA) Manaus Brazil
- RIVERS ERC Project Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Getafe (Madrid) Spain
| | - Mark Bowler
- School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology University of Suffolk Ipswich UK
| | - Michael P. Gilmore
- School of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | | | - Rômulo Romeu Alves
- Departamento de Ecologia e Sistemática Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
- Laboratory of Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Campina Grande Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- Instituto Juruá Manaus Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Pedro Pérez‐Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) Iquitos Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (COMFAUNA) Iquitos Peru
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas Iquitos Peru
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA) Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA) Belém Brazil
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Bernárdez-Rodriguez GF, Bowler M, Braga-Pereira F, McNaughton M, Mayor P. Conservation education promotes positive short- and medium-term changes in perceptions and attitudes towards a threatened primate species. Ethnobio Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.15451/ec2021-09-10.31-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gomez-Puerta LA, Mayor P. The red brocket deer (Mazama americana) as a new intermediate host of Taenia omissa (Taeniidae). Parasitol Int 2021; 85:102439. [PMID: 34418531 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A total of 13 metacestodes were collected from the lung and parietal pleura from a red brocket deer (Mazama americana) from the Peruvian Amazon. All metacestodes were identified as cysticerci of Taenia omissa by morphological and molecular analyzes. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences from the new isolate T. omissa had more than 96.8% identity with other Peruvian isolates of the species previously sequenced. Lower similarities (93.8-95.8%) were verified between Peruvian and Canadian isolates. This finding adds a new intermediate host for T. omissa and also expands its geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Gomez-Puerta
- Laboratorio de Epidemiologia y Economía Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Circunvalacion 2800, Lima 41, Peru; Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru.
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i Antomia Animals, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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de Lima Cardoso D, de Araújo Guimarães DA, Mayor P, Ferreira MAP, Tavares Dias HL, de Faria Espinheiro R, Barros Monteiro FO. Reproductive biology of owl (Aotus spp.) and capuchin (Sapajus spp.) monkeys. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 227:106732. [PMID: 33690051 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies related to morpho-physiology improve the understanding of biological mechanisms in non-human primates (NHP), contributing to research in several areas, especially those of assisted reproduction and biomedicine. The genera Aotus and Sapajus are important considerations in conducting studies related to reproductive biology and biomedical research, where animals of these genera can serve as models for species with vulnerable conservation status. The reproductive functions of animals of these genera can be used in conducting studies with other NHP species, for which biological material is difficult to access. The aim in conducting the current review was to compile the scientific literature on the biology and reproductive aspects of these two genera, to provide a for a greater understanding of these topics. In addition, a systematic review of literature allows for efficient access relevant information from an extended timeframe collated in a single document. There was, therefore, a systematic search for keywords based on reproductive studies with animals in these genera conducted, and 58 articles, 12 books, and three academic theses were subsequently selected. Even though there have been advances in knowledge of the reproductive biology of animals from these genera that have occurred in recent decades, especially research conducted when these NHP were in captivity, a wide variety of areas remain to be studied so that the understanding of reproduction in these NHP can be enhanced and the knowledge gained from these studies utilized for greater understanding of reproduction of NHP in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deise de Lima Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia, Animal Health and Production Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Tancredo Neves, nº 251, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Mayor
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia, Animal Health and Production Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Tancredo Neves, nº 251, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil; Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edific Blanc, 1ª planta, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Cataluna, Spain.
| | | | - Hilma Lúcia Tavares Dias
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2-224, Guamá, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Roberto de Faria Espinheiro
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2-224, Guamá, CEP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia, Animal Health and Production Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Av. Tancredo Neves, nº 251, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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21
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El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Ferreira JC, Mayor P, Vasconcelos Neto CFA, Valsecchi J, Nijman V, Fa JE. Social and Biological Correlates of Wild Meat Consumption and Trade by Rural Communities in the Jutaí River Basin, Central Amazonia. J ETHNOBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-40.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani R. El Bizri
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, U.K
| | | | | | - Pedro Mayor
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - João Valsecchi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, U.K
| | - John E. Fa
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, U.K
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22
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Tavares AS, Mayor P, Loureiro LF, Gilmore MP, Perez-Peña P, Bowler M, Lemos LP, Svensson MS, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V, Valsecchi J, Morcatty TQ. Widespread Use of Traditional Techniques by Local People for Hunting the Yellow-Footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus) Across the Amazon. J ETHNOBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-40.2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Santos Tavares
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michael P. Gilmore
- School of Integrative Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax,Virginia
| | - Pedro Perez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Mark Bowler
- School of Engineering, Art, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Waterfront Building, Neptune Quay, Ipswich, UK
| | - Lísley Pereira Lemos
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Magdalena S. Svensson
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - K. Anne-Isola Nekaris
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - João Valsecchi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Thais Queiroz Morcatty
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
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23
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Bodmer R, Mayor P, Antunez M, Fang T, Chota K, Yuyarima TA, Flores S, Cosgrove B, López N, Pizuri O, Puertas P. Wild Meat Species, Climate Change, and Indigenous Amazonians. J ETHNOBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-40.2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bodmer
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Miguel Antunez
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Tula Fang
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Kimberlyn Chota
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Tulio Ahuanari Yuyarima
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Samuel Flores
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Benjamin Cosgrove
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, UK
| | - Nathaly López
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Osnar Pizuri
- Museum of Indigenous Amazonian Cultures, Fundamazonia, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Pablo Puertas
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
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El Bizri HR, Fa JE, Lemos LP, Campos‐Silva JV, Vasconcelos Neto CFA, Valsecchi J, Mayor P. Involving local communities for effective citizen science: Determining game species' reproductive status to assess hunting effects in tropical forests. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani R. El Bizri
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
- ComFauna Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en LatinoaméricaIquitos Peru
| | - Julia E. Fa
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Situ Gede Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat Indonesia
| | - Lísley P. Lemos
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - João V. Campos‐Silva
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health Federal University of Alagoas Maceió Brazil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Carlos F. A. Vasconcelos Neto
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - João Valsecchi
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute Tefé, Amazonas Brazil
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna) Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
- ComFauna Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en LatinoaméricaIquitos Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- ComFauna Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en LatinoaméricaIquitos Peru
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas Iquitos, Loreto Peru
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA) Belém, Pará Brazil
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25
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da Silva GP, Monteiro FOB, Pereira THDS, de Matos SER, Dos Santos de Andrade R, El Bizri HR, Coutinho LN, Valsecchi J, López-Plana C, Mayor P. Fetal bone development in the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca, Rodentia, Cuniculidae) determined using ultrasonography. J Anat 2020; 237:105-118. [PMID: 32255516 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the timing of the main events of embryonic and fetal development may clarify the strategies adopted by species to maximize neonatal survival and the consequences of these events for their life history. This study describes bone development during the fetal phase of the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca), comparing it with other precocial or altricial species, and its relationship with the species' adaptive strategies. A total of 102 embryos/fetuses obtained over the course of 17 years through collaboration with local subsistence hunters in the Amazon were analyzed. Measurements of mineralization of the axial and appendicular skeletons were performed by ultrasonography using a 10-18-MHz linear transducer. The chronological order of occurrence of mineralization in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL) was: skull (TDL = 4.1 cm); vertebral bodies (TDL = 4.6 cm); scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, ilium, ischium, femur, tibia, and fibula (TDL = 6.7 cm); ribs (TDL = 7.8 cm); clavicle (TDL = 8.5 cm); metacarpi/metatarsi (TDL = 11 cm); phalanges (TDL = 15 cm); tarsus (TDL = 18 cm); patella (TDL = 23 cm); and carpus (TDL = 27.2 cm). Secondary ossification centers first appeared in the femoral distal epiphysis (TDL = 16.6 cm) and tibial proximal epiphysis (TDL = 18.4 cm). Advanced fetuses (TDL > 30 cm, 97% gestational period) presented mineralization in all primary and most secondary centers. Compared to other species, paca neonates have a well-developed skeletal system at birth, which is important for their independent postnatal locomotion. Our results may contribute to the monitoring of bone development in other wild species, helping us to understand their life history, and serving as parameters for comparisons between precocial and altricial mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessiane Pereira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Sandy Estefany Rodrigues de Matos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos de Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Hani Rocha El Bizri
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil.,Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, ComFauna, Iquitos, Peru.,Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.,Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Leandro Nassar Coutinho
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - João Valsecchi
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil.,Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, ComFauna, Iquitos, Peru.,Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Carlos López-Plana
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil.,Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, ComFauna, Iquitos, Peru.,Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
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26
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El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Valsecchi J, Mayor P, Ribeiro JES, Vasconcelos Neto CFA, Oliveira JS, Furtado KM, Ferreira UC, Miranda CFS, Silva CH, Lopes VL, Lopes GP, Florindo CCF, Chagas RC, Nijman V, Fa JE. Urban wild meat consumption and trade in central Amazonia. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:438-448. [PMID: 31538670 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The switch from hunting wild meat for home consumption to supplying more lucrative city markets in Amazonia can adversely affect some game species. Despite this, information on the amounts of wild meat eaten in Amazonian cities is still limited. We estimated wild meat consumption rates in 5 cities in the State of Amazonas in Brazil through 1046 door-to-door household interviews conducted from 2004 to 2012. With these data, we modeled the relationship between wild meat use and a selection of socioeconomic indices. We then scaled up our model to determine the amounts of wild meat likely to be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers in central Amazonia. A total of 80.3% of all interviewees reported consuming wild meat during an average of 29.3 (CI 11.6) days per year. Most wild meat was reported as bought in local markets (80.1%) or hunted by a family member (14.9%). Twenty-one taxa were cited as consumed, mostly mammals (71.6%), followed by reptiles (23.2%) and then birds (5.2%). The declared frequency of wild meat consumption was positively correlated with the proportion of rural population as well as with the per capita gross domestic product of the municipality (administrative divisions) where the cities were seated. We estimated that as much as 10,691 t of wild meat might be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers within central Amazonia, the equivalent of 6.49 kg per person per year. In monetary terms, this amounts to US$21.72 per person per year or US$35.1 million overall, the latter figure is comparable to fish and timber production in the region. Given this magnitude of wild meat trade in central Amazonia, it is fundamental to integrate this activity into the formal economy and actively develop policies that allow the trade of more resilient taxa and restrict trade in species sensitive to hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani R El Bizri
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, U.K
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
- RedeFauna, Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Thaís Q Morcatty
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - João Valsecchi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
- RedeFauna, Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- FUNDAMAZONIA, Malecón Tarapacá, n°332, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Jéssica E S Ribeiro
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica S Oliveira
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Keilla M Furtado
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Urânia C Ferreira
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Carlos F S Miranda
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Ciclene H Silva
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Valdinei L Lopes
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Gerson P Lopes
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Caio C F Florindo
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- Departamento de Físico-química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Romerson C Chagas
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - John E Fa
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, U.K
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
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Pérez JG, Carrera JP, Serrano E, Pittí Y, Maguiña JL, Mentaberre G, Lescano AG, Valderrama A, Mayor P. Serologic Evidence of Zoonotic Alphaviruses in Humans from an Indigenous Community in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:1212-1218. [PMID: 31571566 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) are arthropod-borne single-stranded RNA pathogens that cause febrile and neurologic disease in much of Latin America. However, many features of Alphavirus epidemiology remain unknown. In 2011, we undertook a cross-sectional study in Nueva Esperanza, an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon. Here, we present the first serologic evidence of Mayaro (MAYV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex alphavirus, Una (UNAV), and Madariaga (MADV) viruses reported in humans (24%, 16%, 13%, and 1.5%, respectively) from an Amazonian indigenous community in Peru. Hunting activity and cohabiting with hunters were the main risk factors for Mayaro seroconversion, but only hunting was associated with UNAV seropositivity. Our results suggest that alphavirus infection in this region is common, but we highlight the high UNAV seroprevalence found and corroborate the low MADV prevalence reported in this region. Furthermore, MAYV-neutralizing antibodies were also detected in stored samples from wild animals (18%) hunted by Nueva Esperanza inhabitants and another mestizo community located close to Iquitos. Further serological surveys of VEE complex alphaviruses, UNAV, and MADV in wild animals and assessing the ability of the MAYV seropositive species to transmit the virus will be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Universitá di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaneth Pittí
- Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pedro Mayor
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mayor P, da Silva GP, Andrade RDSD, Monteiro FOB, El Bizri HR. Embryonic and fetal development of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106123. [PMID: 31405484 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relative timing of the main fetal development events in species determine the extent of fetal development at birth, which range along a gradient of having altricial and precocial traits. The results from this study allow for description of important fetal developments in collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) using data from 118 embryo/fetuses from 68 pregnant peccaries obtained over a period of 15 years through collaborative methods with local hunters in the Amazon. The chronological order of emergence of external characteristics in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL) was: differentiated genitalia, limbs and eyelid buds (TDL ≥ 4.5 cm), fusioned eyelids and outer ear (TDL ≥ 5.6 cm), dorsal gland (TDL ≥ 7.3 cm), skin (TDL ≥ 9.2 cm), tactile pelage (TDL ≥ 12.9 cm), coverage pelage (TDL ≥ 17.0 cm), opened eyelids (TDL ≥ 21.5 cm) and tooth eruption (TDL ≥ 24.5 cm). The formula of fetal age was ∛W = 0.079 (t - 27.6), with a linear relationship between TDL and gestational age. The relative weight of tubular gastrointestinal organs, lungs, spleen and thymus increased during fetal development. In contrast, the relative weight of kidneys and liver consistently decreased during the fetal development period. Results of this study indicate the collared peccary is a precocial species and that changes during fetal development are very similar to those in other Suiform species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain; Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Loreto, Iquitos, Peru; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Gessiane Pereira da Silva
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos de Andrade
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Hani Rocha El Bizri
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, AM, Brazil; School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University. Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, United Kingdom
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29
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Mayor P, El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Moya K, Solis S, Bodmer RE. Assessing the Minimum Sampling Effort Required to Reliably Monitor Wild Meat Trade in Urban Markets. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Mayor P, Habner de Souza Pereira T, Andrade RDSD, González-Benavent E, Barros Monteiro FO, Bodmer R, Valsecchi J, El Bizri HR. Embryonic and fetal development of the red brocket deer (Mazama americana). Theriogenology 2019; 134:53-64. [PMID: 31132721 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The red brocket deer (Mazama americana), a medium-sized Neotropical ungulate, is one of the most hunted mammals in the Amazon. This study analyzes the intrauterine development in the red brocket deer through the description of the external and internal morphology in one embryo and 38 fetuses collected from animals hunted for subsistence in the Amazon. The chronological order of occurrence of external characteristics in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL) was: differentiated genitalia, limbs and eyelid buds (TDL = 3.9 cm), fusioned eyelids, outer ear and hooves (TDL ≥ 9.5 cm), skin (TDL ≥ 20.4 cm), tactile pelage and nasal pigmentation (TDL ≥ 21.5 cm), covering pelage and skin spots (TDL ≥ 31.3 cm), and teeth eruption and opened eyelids (TDL ≥ 34.2 cm). The formula of fetal age was ∛W = 0.072 (t - 42), with a high linear relationship between TDL and gestational age. Multiple linear and non-linear regressions showed strong positive associations between biometric measures and absolute visceral weights with TDL. The relative weight of the tubular gastrointestinal organs, spleen and thymus increased during the fetal development; in contrast, the liver and kidneys' relative weight diminished during the fetal development. Advanced fetuses (≥44.0 cm TDL) had lower proportion of liver and larger tubular gastrointestinal organs within the visceral weight than adults. The chronology of appearance of the main events of the fetal development suggests that the red brocket deer adopt some precocial features, such as the early development of the sensorial function, including the early development of eyelids, outer ear and tactile pelage, the early development of the covering pelage which acts in thermoregulation and the early teeth eruption which allows the early foraging. Nevertheless, the precocial level of the red brocket deer is apparently lower than other species more frequently predated by large felids, such as peccaries and the paca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain; Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos de Andrade
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Elena González-Benavent
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Richard Bodmer
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - João Valsecchi
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hani Rocha El Bizri
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil; School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Mayor P, Guimaraes DA, da Silva J, Jori F, Lopez-Bejar M. Reproductive monitoring of collared peccary females (Pecari tajacu) by analysis of fecal progesterone metabolites. Theriogenology 2019; 134:11-17. [PMID: 31108432 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of fecal progesterone metabolites (fPM) by enzyme immunoassay analysis is a non-invasive technique that permits gathering reproductive information from wildlife without the stress associated with restraint. In the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), a high correlation between serum progesterone and fPM levels (r2 = 0.783) suggests that fPM can be used to monitor their reproductive function. We monitored fPM during the estrous cycle of 15 collared peccary females. Estrous cycles averaged 27.9 ± 4.5 days (n = 28), ranging from 21 to 36 days. The luteal phase was 22.2 ± 4.8 days and the inter-luteal phase was 4.3 ± 1.4 days. Mean concentration of fPM across pregnancy were not different from those found during the luteal phase (1230 ± 718 and 1265 ± 584 ng/100 mg dried feces, respectively), however, significant differences were found when luteal phase concentrations were compared only against fPM concentrations during late pregnancy. In addition, late pregnancy fPM concentrations (1893 ± 551 ng/100 mg) were also significantly higher than those in the early (639 ± 339 ng/100 mg) and mid (1134 ± 449 ng/100 mg) pregnancy. For females during the early post-partum period, fPM concentrations were significantly increased (243 ± 118 ng/100 mg) than those of non-cycling females (103 ± 89 ng/100 mg). The analysis of fPM is a simple, non-invasive methodology to detect the ovarian activity in the collared peccary; moreover, it provides a husbandry tool, which may be used to help understand how social structure may impact reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en La Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru.
| | - Diva Anelie Guimaraes
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en La Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; Animal Reproduction Laboratory-ICB, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 66.075.900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jurupytan da Silva
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory-ICB, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 66.075.900 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ferran Jori
- Integrated Animal Risk Management Unit (AGIRs), Department of Environment and Society, CIRAD, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Manel Lopez-Bejar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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El Bizri HR, Fa JE, Valsecchi J, Bodmer R, Mayor P. Age at sexual maturity, first parturition and reproductive senescence in wild lowland pacas (Cuniculus paca): Implications for harvest sustainability. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:105-114. [PMID: 31060921 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Generation length (GL) of a mammal, calculated through the age at sexual maturity, first reproduction and reproductive senescence can be used to assess the capacity of a population of a species to withstand differing amounts of hunting pressure by humans without depletion of animal numbers. Due to the lack of reproductive data for wild mammals, the GL is often difficult to determine for most species. In the present study, the GL parameters were assessed for the wild lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) from a sample of 119 female genitalia obtained during a 15-year hunter participatory program in the Amazon. The probability of female pacas being sexually active, with observable ovarian functionality or pregnancy, increased as both body and genitalia masses increased. The average body mass at puberty was 5.46 kg. Puberty was estimated to occur at 4 months of age, from which there was estimation when age at first parturition would occur 9 months after birth. Additionally, there was no indication that there was a decrease in parturition rate at more advanced ages. The estimated age of first reproduction for pacas was much less than previous estimates, most from assessments of captive animals. In addition, because there was no evidence of reproductive senescence, it is suggested that the average age of mature hunted pacas should be used to determine optimal harvesting rates of pacas by humans. The present study highlights the importance of in situ studies on reproduction of animals in their natural habitat because these will yield more accurate reproductive variable estimates than those obtained from captive animals. It is suggested that similar methods be used to accurately assess reproductive parameters of other tropical species that are hunted by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Rocha El Bizri
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, United Kingdom; Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, AM, Brazil; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; RedeFauna, Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Brazil.
| | - John E Fa
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, M15 6BH, Manchester, United Kingdom; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan Cifor Rawajaha, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Kota, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16115, Indonesia
| | - João Valsecchi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, AM, Brazil; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; RedeFauna, Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Brazil
| | - Richard Bodmer
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; FUNDAMAZONIA, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; FUNDAMAZONIA, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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El Bizri HR, Barros Monteiro FO, Andrade RDSD, Valsecchi J, de Araújo Guimaraes DA, Mayor P. Corrigendum to 'Embryonic and fetal morphology in the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca): A precocial hystricomorph rodent' [Theriogenology 104 (2017) 7-17]. Theriogenology 2019; 128:225. [PMID: 31023442 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Rocha El Bizri
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil; Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, AM, Brazil.
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos de Andrade
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Joao Valsecchi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamirauá (IDSM), Tefé, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Mayor
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; FUNDAMAZONIA, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
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El Bizri HR, Fa JE, Bowler M, Valsecchi J, Bodmer R, Mayor P. Breeding seasonality in the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) in Amazonia: interactions with rainfall, fruiting, and sustainable hunting. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hani R El Bizri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Estrada do Bexiga, Fonte Boa, CEP, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John E Fa
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan Cifor Rawajaha, Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Mark Bowler
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Suffolk, Waterfront Building, Neptune Quay, Ipswich, United Kingdom
- San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, California, CA, USA
| | - João Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM), Estrada do Bexiga, Fonte Boa, CEP, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Richard Bodmer
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
- FundAmazonia, Malecón Tarapacá nº, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
- FundAmazonia, Malecón Tarapacá nº, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Terra Firme, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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de Andrade RDS, Monteiro FOB, El Bizri HR, Pantoja L, Bodmer R, Valsecchi J, Mayor P. Embryonic and fetal development of the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). Theriogenology 2018; 119:163-174. [PMID: 30015145 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is an endangered large-sized Neotropical ungulate that is one of the most hunted mammals in the Amazon. Here, we used two embryos and 102 white-lipped peccary fetuses originated from animals hunted for subsistence in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon to describe the intrauterine development of external and internal morphology of this Neotropical ungulate. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the probability of occurrence of main external characteristics in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL), while multiple linear and non-linear regressions were conducted to assess the relationship between external and visceral biometry with TDL. External characteristics appeared in the following chronological order: limbs, differentiated genitalia and opened eyelids (≥5.1 cm TDL), fused eyelids (≥6.2 cm TDL), hooves and outer ear (≥7.9 cm TDL), dorsal gland (≥9.4 cm TDL), skin (≥11.5 cm TDL); tactile pelage (≥13.8 cm TDL), covering pelage (≥20.9 cm TDL), tooth eruption (≥26.4 cm TDL) and opened eyelids (≥27.8 cm TDL). The formula of fetal age was ∛W = 0.084 (t - 31.80), with a high linear relationship between TDL and gestational age. All external biometric parameters and absolute volume of visceral organs showed strong positive relationship with TDL. Except for the liver, we found differences in the relative volume of most visceral organs between advanced fetuses (≥34.2 cm TDL) and adults. The most important events during the intrauterine development in the white-lipped peccary show that, in contrast with the domestic pig, it is a highly precocial species producing newborns with a high fetal growth velocity which allows newborns to achieve an early autonomous functionality. Our results are relevant to improve imaging techniques and assist the reproductive and clinical management for the white-lipped peccary both in captivity and in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dos Santos de Andrade
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Hani Rocha El Bizri
- Manchester Metropolitan University, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester, United Kingdom; Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (IDSM), Tefé, AM, Brazil; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Luciana Pantoja
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Richard Bodmer
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; FUNDAMAZONIA, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - João Valsecchi
- Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development (IDSM), Tefé, AM, Brazil; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Belém, PA, Brazil; ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru; FUNDAMAZONIA, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain.
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Almohanna H, Joseph J, Cannioto R, Mayor P, Starbuck K, AlSulimani A, Mongiovi J, Minlikeeva A, Moysich K. Impact of physical inactivity on risk of developing highly fatal ovarian cancer: Evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Conga DF, Mayor P, Furtado AP, Giese EG, Santos JND. Occurrence of Dipetalonema gracile in a wild population of woolly monkey Lagothrix poeppiigii in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2018; 27:154-160. [PMID: 29846443 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dipetalonema gracile (Rudolphi, 1809) (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) is one of six species of cavities filarial parasites of Neotropical non-human primates. The present study recorded the occurrence of D. gracile, provides morphological and morphometric data and extends the geographical distribution. Adult filariae were obtained from the thoracic and abdominal cavities of 38 specimens of woolly monkey, which were used for local human consumption, in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. Male and female filarids were processed and analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Details of the cephalic papillae, post-cloacal bands and papillae, vulva, phasmid position and lateral appendages are showed by scanning electron microscopy and is recorded the occurrencce of Lagothrix poeppigii monkey as a new host of this filaria in the Yavari-Mirin river basin, Peruvian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernandez Conga
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - UAB, Barcelona, CT, España
| | - Adriano Penha Furtado
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Elane Guerreiro Giese
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Bodmer R, Mayor P, Antunez M, Chota K, Fang T, Puertas P, Pittet M, Kirkland M, Walkey M, Rios C, Perez-Peña P, Henderson P, Bodmer W, Bicerra A, Zegarra J, Docherty E. Major shifts in Amazon wildlife populations from recent intensification of floods and drought. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:333-344. [PMID: 28766738 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the western Amazon Basin, recent intensification of river-level cycles has increased flooding during the wet seasons and decreased precipitation during the dry season. Greater than normal floods occurred in 2009 and in all years from 2011 to 2015 during high-water seasons, and a drought occurred during the 2010 low-water season. During these years, we surveyed populations of terrestrial, arboreal, and aquatic wildlife in a seasonally flooded Amazonian forest in the Loreto region of Peru (99,780 km2 ) to study the effects of intensification of natural climatic fluctuations on wildlife populations and in turn effects on resource use by local people. Shifts in fish and terrestrial mammal populations occurred during consecutive years of high floods and the drought of 2010. As floods intensified, terrestrial mammal populations decreased by 95%. Fish, waterfowl, and otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) abundances increased during years of intensive floods, whereas river dolphin and caiman populations had stable abundances. Arboreal species, including, macaws, game birds, primates, felids, and other arboreal mammals had stable populations and were not affected directly by high floods. The drought of 2010 had the opposite effect: fish, waterfowl, and dolphin populations decreased, and populations of terrestrial and arboreal species remained stable. Ungulates and large rodents are important sources of food and income for local people, and large declines in these animals has shifted resource use of people living in the flooded forests away from hunting to a greater reliance on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bodmer
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miguel Antunez
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Kimberlyn Chota
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tula Fang
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pablo Puertas
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Marlini Pittet
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom
| | - Maire Kirkland
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Mike Walkey
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Rios
- Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Jorge Chávez No. 930-942 - Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pedro Perez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. José A. Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Peter Henderson
- PISCES Conservation Ltd., IRC House, Pennington, Hants SO41 8GN, United Kingdom
| | - William Bodmer
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Andy Bicerra
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Joseph Zegarra
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Emma Docherty
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
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Orta-Martínez M, Rosell-Melé A, Cartró-Sabaté M, O'Callaghan-Gordo C, Moraleda-Cibrián N, Mayor P. First evidences of Amazonian wildlife feeding on petroleum-contaminated soils: A new exposure route to petrogenic compounds? Environ Res 2018; 160:514-517. [PMID: 29103585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Videos recorded with infrared camera traps placed in petroleum contaminated areas of the Peruvian Amazon have shown that four wildlife species, the most important for indigenous peoples' diet (lowland tapir, paca, red-brocket deer and collared peccary), consume oil-contaminated soils and water. Further research is needed to clarify whether Amazonian wildlife's geophagy can be a route of exposure to petrogenic contamination for populations living in the vicinity of oil extraction areas and relying on subsistence hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Orta-Martínez
- International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Hague, The Netherlands; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Instituto de Geografía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Antoni Rosell-Melé
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mar Cartró-Sabaté
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Moraleda-Cibrián
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Dept. Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, CEP 66077-901, Brazil; FundAmazonia, Iquitos, Peru
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Rosell-Melé A, Moraleda-Cibrián N, Cartró-Sabaté M, Colomer-Ventura F, Mayor P, Orta-Martínez M. Oil pollution in soils and sediments from the Northern Peruvian Amazon. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:1010-1019. [PMID: 28847095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oil has been extracted from the Northern Peruvian Amazon for over four decades. However, few scientific studies have assessed the impacts of such activities in the environment and health of indigenous communities in the region. We have investigated the occurrence of petrogenic hydrocarbon pollution in soils and sediments from areas favoured as hunting or fishing grounds by local indigenous inhabitants. The study was conducted in one of the most productive oil blocks in Peru, located in the headwaters of the Amazon river. Soils and river sediments, in the vicinity of oil extraction and processing infrastructure, contained an oil pollution signature as attested by the occurrence of hopanes and steranes. Given the lack of any other significant source of oil pollution in the region, the sources of hydrocarbons are likely to be the activities of the oil industry in the oil block, from voluntary discharges or accidental spills. Spillage of produced water was commonplace until 2009. Moreover, petrogenic compounds were absent in control samples in sites far removed from any oil infrastructure in the oil block. Our findings suggest that wildlife and indigenous populations in this region of the Amazon are exposed to the ingestion of oil polluted soils and sediments. The data obtained supports previous claims that the local spillage of oil and produced waters in the water courses in the Corrientes and Pastaza basins could have eventually reached the main water course of the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Rosell-Melé
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Moraleda-Cibrián
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mar Cartró-Sabaté
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ferran Colomer-Ventura
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Dept. Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; FUNDAMAZONIA, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, CEP 66077-901, Brazil
| | - Martí Orta-Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Hague, The Netherlands; Instituto de Geografía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
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El Bizri HR, Monteiro FOB, de Andrade RDS, Valsecchi J, Guimarães DADA, Mayor P. Embryonic and fetal morphology in the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca): A precocial hystricomorph rodent. Theriogenology 2017; 104:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aysanoa E, Mayor P, Mendoza AP, Zariquiey CM, Morales EA, Pérez JG, Bowler M, Ventocilla JA, González C, Baldeviano GC, Lescano AG. Molecular Epidemiology of Trypanosomatids and Trypanosoma cruzi in Primates from Peru. Ecohealth 2017; 14:732-742. [PMID: 29098492 PMCID: PMC5818207 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We determined the prevalence rate and risk of infection of Trypanosoma cruzi and other trypanosomatids in Peruvian non-human primates (NHPs) in the wild (n = 126) and in different captive conditions (n = 183). Blood samples were collected on filter paper, FTA cards, or EDTA tubes and tested using a nested PCR protocol targeting the 24Sα rRNA gene. Main risk factors associated with trypanosomatid and T. cruzi infection were genus and the human-animal context (wild vs captive animals). Wild NHPs had higher prevalence of both trypanosomatids (64.3 vs 27.9%, P < 0.001) and T. cruzi (8.7 vs 3.3%, P = 0.057), compared to captive NHPs, suggesting that parasite transmission in NHPs occurs more actively in the sylvatic cycle. In terms of primate family, Pitheciidae had the highest trypanosomatid prevalence (20/22, 90.9%) and Cebidae had the highest T. cruzi prevalence (15/117, 12.8%). T. cruzi and trypanosomatids are common in Peruvian NHPs and could pose a health risk to human and animals that has not been properly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esar Aysanoa
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Venezuela Ave. Block 36 Bellavista, Callao, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i Antomia Animals, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - E Angelo Morales
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Venezuela Ave. Block 36 Bellavista, Callao, Peru
| | | | - Mark Bowler
- San Diego Zoo Global, Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Julio A Ventocilla
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Venezuela Ave. Block 36 Bellavista, Callao, Peru
| | - Carlos González
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Christian Baldeviano
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Venezuela Ave. Block 36 Bellavista, Callao, Peru
| | - Andrés G Lescano
- Department of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Venezuela Ave. Block 36 Bellavista, Callao, Peru.
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Morales EA, Mayor P, Bowler M, Aysanoa E, Pérez-Velez ES, Pérez J, Ventocilla JA, Baldeviano GC, Lescano AG. Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and Other Trypanosomatids in Frequently-Hunted Wild Mammals from the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1482-1485. [PMID: 29140234 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon, we evaluated the prevalence of T. cruzi and other trypanosomatids in four orders of wild mammals hunted and consumed by inhabitants of three remote indigenous communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Of 300 wild mammals sampled, 115 (38.3%) were infected with trypanosomatids and 15 (5.0%) with T. cruzi. The prevalence of T. cruzi within each species was as follows: large rodents (Cuniculus paca, 5.5%; Dasyprocta spp., 2.6%), edentates (Dasypus novemcinctus, 4.2%), and carnivores with higher prevalence (Nasua nasua, 18.8%). The high prevalence of T. cruzi and other trypanosomatids in frequently hunted wild mammals suggests a sizeable T. cruzi sylvatic reservoir in remote Amazonian locations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Bowler
- San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, California
| | - Esar Aysanoa
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jocelyn Pérez
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrés G Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
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Mayor P, El Bizri H, Bodmer RE, Bowler M. Assessment of mammal reproduction for hunting sustainability through community-based sampling of species in the wild. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:912-923. [PMID: 27917537 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife subsistence hunting is a major source of protein for tropical rural populations and a prominent conservation issue. The intrinsic rate of natural increase. (rmax ) of populations is a key reproductive parameter in the most used assessments of hunting sustainability. However, researchers face severe difficulties in obtaining reproductive data in the wild, so these assessments often rely on classic reproductive rates calculated mostly from studies of captive animals conducted 30 years ago. The result is a flaw in almost 50% of studies, which hampers management decision making. We conducted a 15-year study in the Amazon in which we used reproductive data from the genitalia of 950 hunted female mammals. Genitalia were collected by local hunters. We examined tissue from these samples to estimate birthrates for wild populations of the 10 most hunted mammals. We compared our estimates with classic measures and considered the utility of the use of rmax in sustainability assessments. For woolly monkey (Lagothrix poeppigii) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris), wild birthrates were similar to those from captive populations, whereas birthrates for other ungulates and lowland-paca (Cuniculus paca) were significantly lower than previous estimates. Conversely, for capuchin monkeys (Sapajus macrocephalus), agoutis (Dasyprocta sp.), and coatis (Nasua nasua), our calculated reproductive rates greatly exceeded often-used values. Researchers could keep applying classic measures compatible with our estimates, but for other species previous estimates of rmax may not be appropriate. We suggest that data from local studies be used to set hunting quotas. Our maximum rates of population growth in the wild correlated with body weight, which suggests that our method is consistent and reliable. Integration of this method into community-based wildlife management and the training of local hunters to record pregnancies in hunted animals could efficiently generate useful information of life histories of wild species and thus improve management of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193, Spain
- FUNDAMAZONIA, Malecón Tarapacá n° 332, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, CEP 66077-901, Brazil
| | - Hani El Bizri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, CEP 66077-901, Brazil
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, CEP 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Richard E Bodmer
- FUNDAMAZONIA, Malecón Tarapacá n° 332, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, U.K
| | - Mark Bowler
- San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027-9614, U.S.A
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Yusta-García R, Orta-Martínez M, Mayor P, González-Crespo C, Rosell-Melé A. Water contamination from oil extraction activities in Northern Peruvian Amazonian rivers. Environ Pollut 2017; 225:370-380. [PMID: 28408186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oil extraction activities in the Northern Peruvian Amazon have generated a long-standing socio-environmental conflict between oil companies, governmental authorities and indigenous communities, partly derived from the discharge of produced waters containing high amounts of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. To assess the impact of produced waters discharges we conducted a meta-analysis of 2951 river water and 652 produced water chemical analyses from governmental institutions and oil companies reports, collected in four Amazonian river basins (Marañon, Tigre, Corrientes and Pastaza) and their tributaries. Produced water discharges had much higher concentrations of chloride, barium, cadmium and lead than are typically found in fresh waters, resulting in the widespread contamination of the natural water courses. A significant number of water samples had levels of cadmium, barium, hexavalent chromium and lead that did not meet Peruvian and international water standards. Our study shows that spillage of produced water in Peruvian Amazon rivers placed at risk indigenous population and wildlife during several decades. Furthermore, the impact of such activities in the headwaters of the Amazon extended well beyond the boundaries of oil concessions and national borders, which should be taken into consideration when evaluating large scale anthropogenic impacts in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Yusta-García
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Martí Orta-Martínez
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Dept. Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Brazil
| | - Carlos González-Crespo
- Dept. Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antoni Rosell-Melé
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Lins E Lins FLDM, Mayor P, Silva Filho E, Imbeloni AA, Bandeira da Silva W, Monteiro MVB, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS, Monteiro FOB. Renal biochemistry variables and ultrasonographic imaging in healthy Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi). Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:126-131. [PMID: 28165629 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combined use of renal biochemistry and ultrasonographic imaging may improve the correct management of renal disease. Although renal disease is frequently observed in nonhuman primates, renal function markers have not yet been studied in Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish normal renal biochemistry variables and ultrasonographic features in Squirrel monkeys. MATERIAL AND METHODS Renal biochemistry variables and ultrasonographic images were documented in 29 healthy Squirrel monkeys (15 males and 14 females). Urea, serum creatinine (SCr), and uric acid (UA) concentrations were measured by kinetic assay. Cystatin C (CysC) was analyzed by immunonephelometry. A multiple frequency linear array probe (5-12 MHz) was used for ultrasonographic imaging. The studied indicators of renal function were related to sex, age, and body mass. RESULTS Serum creatinine was influenced by sex and body mass. Serum concentration of urea, UA, and CysC were not influenced by sex, age, and body mass. Ultrasonographic images provided accurate and comprehensive data for making clinical decisions for Squirrel monkeys. The total renal volume was only influenced by the body mass nested in sex and was positively correlated to body mass. Right renal volume was bigger than the left one. CONCLUSION Normative standards for the renal evaluation, including biochemistry and ultrasonography, in the Squirrel monkey have been established correlated to age, sex, and body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Postgraduate Program in Heath and Animal Production on the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem, Brazil.,Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ednaldo Silva Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Heath and Animal Production on the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem, Brazil
| | - Aline Amaral Imbeloni
- National Primate Center (CENP), Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Wellington Bandeira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Heath and Animal Production on the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem, Brazil.,National Primate Center (CENP), Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | | | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Heath and Animal Production on the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem, Brazil
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Gomez-Puerta LA, Mayor P. Congenital Filariasis Caused bySetaria bidentata(Nematoda: Filarioidea) in the Red Brocket Deer (Mazama americana). J Parasitol 2017; 103:123-126. [DOI: 10.1645/16-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Gomez-Puerta
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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da Silva SDSB, Le Pendu Y, Ohashi OM, Oba E, de Albuquerque NI, Garcia AR, Mayor P, de Araujo Guimarães DA. Sexual behavior of Pecari tajacu (Cetartiodactyla: Tayassuidae) during periovulatory and early gestation periods. Behav Processes 2016; 131:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mayor P, Baquedano LE, Sanchez E, Aramburu J, Gomez-Puerta LA, Mamani VJ, Gavidia CM. Polycystic echinococcosis in Pacas, Amazon region, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:456-9. [PMID: 25695937 PMCID: PMC4344274 DOI: 10.3201/eid2103.141197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Peruvian Amazon, paca meat is consumed by humans. To determine human risk for polycystic echinococcosis, we examined wild pacas from 2 villages; 15 (11.7%) of 128 were infected with Echinococcus vogeli tapeworms. High E. vogeli prevalence among pacas indicates potential risk for humans living in E. vogeli–contaminated areas.
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Mayor P, Mamani J, Montes D, González-Crespo C, Sebastián MA, Bowler M. Proximate causes of the red face of the bald uakari monkey (Cacajao calvus). R Soc Open Sci 2015; 2:150145. [PMID: 26587272 PMCID: PMC4632585 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In social species, such as primates, facial appearances transmit a variety of social signals. Although it is suggested that the intense red colour of the face of the bald uakari monkey might be an indicator of health, this hypothesis still has not been verified. This study describes the histological structure of the skin of the face in the bald uakari, compared with other non-red neotropical primates, to better understand the maintenance of its colour. The facial skin of the bald uakari monkey is characterized by a thinner epidermis, absence of melanin pigments and a high density of vascular capillaries that spread below the epidermis. These vascular capillaries are larger and more tortuous than in other neotropical primates. The skin of the face of the bald uakari monkey allows a direct external assessment of haematological status, suggesting that the colour of the face would be an honest indicator of health, but could also signal sexual or behavioural states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Mayor
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- YAVACUS, Yavarí Conservación y Uso Sostenible, Iquitos, Perú
| | - J. Mamani
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - D. Montes
- YAVACUS, Yavarí Conservación y Uso Sostenible, Iquitos, Perú
| | - C. González-Crespo
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M. Bowler
- San Diego Zoo Global, Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA, USA
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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