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Hansen-Ruiz CS, Luschen K, Huber J, Scott E. Understanding Stakeholder Dissemination Preferences for an Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Injury Surveillance System. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:235-245. [PMID: 38100079 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2293832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Researchers and epidemiologists are working to improve the capture of agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AgFF) injuries in a variety of ways. A critical component of any surveillance system is the dissemination of information. The purpose of this paper is to report on a survey conducted with AgFF injury surveillance stakeholders to understand preferred dissemination strategies. The survey was distributed using REDCap via web link to organizational stakeholders, which included advisory board members, safety trainers, industry managers and workers, and research collaborators. In total, there were 75 respondents (21% response rate). Occupation and industry influenced preference in update methods. Regarding the length and breadth of updates, 63% of respondents prefer reports (one to five pages), followed by 57% desiring a summary (less than one page), while only 24% wanted a detailed analysis. Social media and news preferences were also different among stakeholders. Surveillance data were desired for 1) trend analysis, 2) tailoring activities and solutions for education, training, outreach and interventions and 3) for research purposes such as grant proposals and evaluation. The dissemination of injury surveillance data should be tailored to the intended audience. Greater attention needs to be paid to the ways in which we share our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina S Hansen-Ruiz
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Luschen
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - John Huber
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Erika Scott
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
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2
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Hammerschlag N, Sims DW. Shark conservation requires mortality-limiting regulations amid global change. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:320-322. [PMID: 38494407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite anti-finning laws aimed at conserving sharks, Worm et al. have revealed that global shark mortality rates have surprisingly risen over the past decade, driven in large part by increased demand for meat. Here, we discuss the importance of this study, underscoring the need for broader regulations addressing overall shark mortality amid threats from global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hammerschlag
- Shark Research Foundation Inc, Boutiliers Point, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3Z 0M9; Atlantic Shark Expeditions Ltd, Boutiliers Point, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3Z 0M9.
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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3
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Lehtonen TK, Gilljam D, Veneranta L, Keskinen T, Bergenius Nord M. The ecology and fishery of the vendace (Coregonus albula) in the Baltic Sea. J Fish Biol 2023; 103:1463-1475. [PMID: 37642401 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Brackish water ecosystems often have high primary production, intermediate salinities, and fluctuating physical conditions and therefore provide challenging environments for many of their inhabitants. This is especially true of the Baltic Sea, which is a large body of brackish water under strong anthropogenic influence. One freshwater species that is able to cope under these conditions in the northern Baltic Sea is the vendace (Coregonus albula), a small salmonid fish. Here, we review the current knowledge of its ecology and fishery in this brackish water environment. The literature shows that, by competing for resources with other planktivores and being an important prey for a range of larger species, C. albula plays a notable role in the northern Baltic Sea ecosystem. It also sustains significant fisheries in the coastal waters of Sweden and Finland. We identify the need to better understand these C. albula populations in terms of the predator-prey interactions, distributions of anadromous and sea spawning populations and other putative (eco)morphs, extent of gene exchange between the populations, and effects of climate change on their future. In this regard, we recommend strengthening C. albula-related research and management efforts by improved collaboration and coordination between research institutions, other governmental agencies, and fishers, as well as by harmonization of fishery policies across national borders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Gilljam
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Öregrund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mikaela Bergenius Nord
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Lysekil, Sweden
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Ahmed F, Liberda EN, Solomon A, Davey R, Sutherland B, Tsuji LJS. Indigenous land-based approaches to well-being: The Sibi (River) program in subarctic Ontario, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2252595. [PMID: 37656164 PMCID: PMC10478584 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2252595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Albany River system holds a special significance for the Omushkego Cree of subarctic Ontario, Canada, embodying their cultural roots, history, and the Cree way of life and worldviews. Through the Sibi program, youth learned traditional fishing practices from Elders and on-the-land experts, gaining valuable knowledge on the land and river. The program addressed barriers to being on the land, while also creating a space for the transfer of Indigenous knowledge and revitalising community social networks. The program took place in the summer, following the Omushkego Cree's seasonal cycle and employed community-based participatory research approach. Photovoice and semi-structured interviews were used to identify elements of well-being from an Indigenous perspective. Regardless of age or experience, participants expressed positive emotions while being on the land, highlighting how strengthening social and community networks, intergenerational knowledge transfer, and fostering cultural continuity contribute to improved well-being. Program outcomes emphasize the importance of collaboration with communities to gain insights into their needs, priorities, and values, ultimately creating more sustainable and effective well-being programs. By fostering engagement and recognizing the environment's significance, sustainable and long-term solutions can be pursued to address challenges faced by communities, ultimately advancing health and well-being for both present and future generations.The Albany River system holds a special significance for the Omushkego Cree of subarctic Ontario, Canada, embodying their cultural roots, history, and the Cree way of life and worldviews. Through the Sibi program, youth learned traditional fishing practices from Elders and on-the-land experts, gaining valuable knowledge on the land and river. The program addressed barriers to being on the land, while also creating a space for the transfer of Indigenous knowledge and revitalising community social networks. The program took place in the summer, following the Omushkego Cree's seasonal cycle and employed community-based participatory research approach. Photovoice and semi-structured interviews were used to identify elements of well-being from an Indigenous perspective. Regardless of age or experience, participants expressed positive emotions while being on the land, highlighting how strengthening social and community networks, intergenerational knowledge transfer, and fostering cultural continuity contribute to improved well-being. Program outcomes emphasize the importance of collaboration with communities to gain insights into their needs, priorities, and values, ultimately creating more sustainable and effective well-being programs. By fostering engagement and recognizing the environment's significance, sustainable and long-term solutions can be pursued to address challenges faced by communities, ultimately advancing health and well-being for both present and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ahmed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric N. Liberda
- School of Occupation and Public Health, Faculty of Community Services, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Bernard Sutherland
- Fort Albany First Nation, ON, Canada
- Peetabeck Academy, Mundo Peetabeck Education Authority, Fort Albany First Nation, ON, Canada
| | - Leonard J. S. Tsuji
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hale LM, Kapp SL, Robertson JB, Lewbart GA, Ozawa SM. The clinical features and treatment of fishhook injuries in freshwater turtles: 126 cases from 1997-2022. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1829-1837. [PMID: 37541676 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.03.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of wild freshwater turtles with fishing hook injuries. ANIMALS 126 wild turtles residing in central North Carolina that were presented to a wildlife rescue clinic. METHODS Medical records from July 1997 to July 2022 were reviewed, and data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The most common species presenting for a fishhook injury was the yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta) (n = 69/126 [54.8%]; 95% CI, 45.7 to 63.6). The most common location identified was the oral cavity (n = 77/140 [55%]; 95% CI, 46.4 to 63.4) and the most common removal method was retrograde removal after cutting the barb off of the hook (76/120 [63.3%]; 95% CI, 54.1 to 71.9). Fishhooks embedded in the esophagus had a significantly higher chance of complications affecting recovery (OR estimate, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.07 to 11.38). There was no significant increase in mortality associated with the location of the injury; however, there was a significant increase in mortality in patients that experienced complications (P < 0.001). The time in care ranged from 1 to 150 days (median, 16 days). Of the turtles evaluated, 10.8% (n = 12/111; 95% CI, 5.7 to 18.1) were euthanized or died after treatment and 89.2% (99/111; 95% CI, 81.9 to 94.3) were released. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings describe various successful techniques to remove fishhooks from turtles. While no superior treatment was identified, considerations should be taken to provide patient comfort, decrease injury-associated complications, and shorten recovery time by using minimally invasive techniques. Overall, freshwater turtles with fishhook injuries have a high release rate even when the injuries are severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Hale
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Sabrina L Kapp
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - James B Robertson
- 2Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Gregory A Lewbart
- 3Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Sarah M Ozawa
- 3Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Kincl L, Doza S, Nahorniak J, Case S, Vaughan A, Bovbjerg V. Commercial Fishing Fatalities and Injuries Described by Linked Vessel Incidents. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:881-889. [PMID: 37387508 PMCID: PMC10543625 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2229827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Risk Information System for Commercial Fishing (RISC Fishing) merged information on fishermen and vessel incident types from various databases. This descriptive study examined linked fisherman injury records (fatal and nonfatal) and vessel incident records in Oregon and Washington from 2000 to 2018 in the RISC Fishing database. The circumstances of incidents and any association with fishermen outcomes were explored to identify injury prevention opportunities. METHODS The statistical analyses included a descriptive study of incidents related to the injury characteristics and frequency of outcomes by incident type. Further analyses included contingency tables and Pearson Chi-Square tests for selected variables to determine if there were associations between vessel incident outcomes (fatality, nonfatal injury, no injury). RESULTS A total of 375 reported incidents with 93 cases of fatalities, 239 nonfatal injuries, and over 6,575 fishermen with no injury were described. Of fatalities, 90% were due to drowning, with only 2% of victims reported donning survival equipment. Deckhands experienced fatal and nonfatal injuries most frequently. The most common factors associated with nonfatal injuries included contact with objects (event), walking on vessel and hauling gear (work activities), and fractures and open wounds (nature). The most common final event leading to a vessel disaster with no injury being reported was sinking (76%). Distributions between the incident outcomes (fatality, nonfatal injury, and no injury) differed by vessel activity/type, fishery/gear, and event leading to the incident. CONCLUSION Linked information of fishermen injury outcomes and vessel incident information showed that events and settings that involve fatalities are qualitatively different from incidents resulting in only nonfatal injuries or uninjured survivors. Vessel-level approaches for mitigating fatalities, such as ensuring vessel stability, improving navigation/operation decisions, and spotlighting survival equipment policies/rescue priorities could have a significant impact. Work task-specific prevention strategies for nonfatal injuries related to the larger vessels (catcher/processors and processors) and smaller vessels (with pot/trap gears) are paramount. The use of linked information provided in reports can provide a fuller incident picture to advance efforts to improve the working conditions of commercial fishermen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Kincl
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Solaiman Doza
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jasmine Nahorniak
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Samantha Case
- Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, Alaska
| | - Amelia Vaughan
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Viktor Bovbjerg
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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Coffin-Schmitt JL, Clements N, Marshall G, Liu L, Trombitas A, Wang Z, Yuan S, Safi AG, Hanson KL, Fiorella KJ. Wild and backyard food use during COVID-19 in upstate New York, United States. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1222610. [PMID: 37731401 PMCID: PMC10507697 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1222610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 acutely shocked both socio-economic and food systems in 2020. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 on production and consumption of gardened produce, backyard poultry, wild game and fish, and foraged mushrooms, berries, and other plants in New York State, aiming to understand crisis influenced food choice and motivations, including food security. Methods We conducted an online, cross-sectional survey in October-December 2020 with a convenience sample of participants (n = 505) with an interest in gardening, poultry rearing, foraging, hunting, and/or fishing from six counties in upstate New York. We recruited through the New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Cornell Cooperative Extension, and other relevant email and social media pages. Results Across the wild and backyard food production strategies, 4.0-14.3% of respondents reported engaging for the first time and 39.6-45.7% reported increased production (a little or a lot more), and 31.6-42.7% of respondents' production was the same as the previous year. Consumption of foods produced was widespread, including fruit and vegetables (97.6% of producers also consumed), backyard eggs (92.7%), and foraged foods (93.8%). For meats, a majority consumed backyard poultry meat (51.2%), wild-caught fish (69.7%), and wild game they hunted (80.1%). The frequency of consumption of fruit and vegetables (average of 13.5 times/month) and eggs (16.4 times/month) was very high, while average consumption of poultry meat, foraged foods, fish, and wild game ranged from 3.1 to 5.8 times/month. The number of respondents who reported "have more control over food availability" as motivation to produce all wild and backyard foods increased from 2019 to 2020 (p < 0.05 - p < 0.001). There was also a significant relationship between experiences of COVID-19 related hardship (i.e., food insecurity, income loss) with gardening and poultry-rearing (p ≤ 0.05), but not with other production methods or with consumption of wild and backyard foods. Discussion Our findings help to locate wild and backyard foods within COVID-19 impacted food environments, and describe food security as a particularly relevant motivation, among others, reported by respondents in 2020. Given this, New York State service providers can use these findings to tailor current future support for households exerting control over their own food environments with wild and backyard foods, allowing the state to be better prepared for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne L. Coffin-Schmitt
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nia Clements
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Grace Marshall
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Aly Trombitas
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Amelia Greiner Safi
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Karla L. Hanson
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn J. Fiorella
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Nhiwatiwa T, Matanzima J. The Covid-19 Pandemic: Limited Water Access and the Precarity of Women Fishers at Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. J Asian Afr Stud 2023; 58:623-646. [PMID: 37461425 PMCID: PMC10345829 DOI: 10.1177/00219096211069641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Man-made reservoirs are constructed to meet certain purposes and Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, was designed for hydroelectric power generation. However, it has developed other multiple uses, and the growth of fisheries on the lake has had a significant impact on the livelihoods of local communities. The declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic in Zimbabwe in March 2020 was quickly followed by the imposition of national lockdowns with varying levels of severity up to the present day. This was done to curtail the spread of the disease, meanwhile enhancing the nation's capacity in terms of acquiring testing kits, constructing more admission and quarantine centres as well as educating the people about ways to keep safe. In response to the calls by the government to monitor the movement of people and compliance of the lockdown rules, the Zimbabwe National Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZNPWMA), the governing body of the Lake Kariba fisheries, imposed rules that have significantly impacted the fishing communities at Lake Kariba. Both gillnet fishers and rod and line fishers have been impacted, but our focus here is on women rod and line fishers. Using the precarious livelihoods conceptual frameworks, we show how the changes in water management during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns has generated high levels of precariousness on the livelihoods of women at Kariba. We define precariousness as the condition of uncertainties brought to the women fishers by changes in water restrictions. The precarity of women was induced by several factors. For instance, the women fishers reported that restrictions to accessing fish in areas with high catches impacted them. They are also now obliged to pay exorbitant fishing fees in a way to discourage them to fish; they were frequently chased away from the Lake by ZNPWMA officers; they had limited amount of time to fish due to curfews; and failure to comply results in heavy fines imposed on them among other challenges. We show how these challenges interact with the current Zimbabwe socio-economic crisis to worsen the precariousness and vulnerability of women fishers at Lake Kariba. Data presented in this manuscript are based on participant observation and interviews with women fishers at Lake Kariba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamuka Nhiwatiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
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Wilson JJ, Trott M, Tully MA, Lindsay RK, Fossey M, Godier-McBard L, Butler LT, Torrance A, Smith L. Mental Health and Recreational Angling in UK Adult Males: A Cross-Sectional Study. Epidemiologia (Basel) 2023; 4:298-308. [PMID: 37489501 PMCID: PMC10366712 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia4030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to aquatic environments (i.e., blue spaces) can lead to improved mental health and well-being. One meaningful way to spend time in blue spaces is through recreational angling, although limited scientific literature exists on this topic. The present study aims to examine the relationship between recreational angling and mental health and well-being in a sample of UK adult male anglers. A cross-sectional online survey asked questions about demographic characteristics, participation in recreational angling, physical activity levels, diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, and mental health and well-being. Relationships between angling status (i.e., how often and how long participants angled for) and mental health variables were determined using regression models adjusted for age. In total, 1752 participants completed the survey. The regression models found that those who took part in angling more regularly had reduced odds of having depression (p < 0.001), schizophrenia (p = 0.001), suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001), and deliberately self-harming (p = 0.012), in addition to having a higher mental well-being and lower symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to those taking part in angling less frequently. In general, the findings suggest that encouraging frequent participation in recreational angling could be a dual method strategy for promoting relaxation and positive mental health, as well as encouraging increased levels of physical activity in those with mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Wilson
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, School of Sport, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Mike Trott
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Rosie K Lindsay
- Vision and Hearing Sciences Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Matt Fossey
- Veterans and Families Institute for Military Social Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CMI 1SQ, UK
- The Centre for Mental Health, London W1G 0AN, UK
| | - Lauren Godier-McBard
- Veterans and Families Institute for Military Social Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CMI 1SQ, UK
| | - Laurie T Butler
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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10
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Trott M, Tully M, Torrance A, Smith L. The Relationship between Social Support Correlates and Feelings of Loneliness among Male UK Recreational Anglers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5997. [PMID: 37297601 PMCID: PMC10253004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of access to blue spaces (exposure to aquatic environments) have been well reported. One common activity conducted in these spaces is recreational angling. Studies have shown that several correlates are associated with recreational angling, including a lower incidence of anxiety disorders compared to non-anglers. What is currently unknown is how measures of social support relate to feelings of loneliness in this population. The aim of this study, therefore, is to examine experiences of loneliness and social support in male UK anglers. In total, 1752 participants completed an online survey. The results of this study showed that the higher the number of friends or family that anglers hear from and feel close to, the less likely they are to report a lack of companionship, the less likely they are to report feeling left out, and the less likely they are to report feelings of isolation. Furthermore, more than half of the sample reported hardly ever or never having feelings of loneliness, suggesting that recreational angling does not affect feelings of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Trott
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Mark Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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Santos PRS, Klafke K, Gadig OBF, Garrone-Neto D. Retrieving records of a rare and threatened shark in a mosaic of marine-protected areas of southeastern Brazil. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:1256-1260. [PMID: 36820469 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study the authors use the Fishers ecological knowledge (FEK) from the south coast of the São Paulo State, in southeastern Brazil, to recover records of Atlantic nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), a threatened with extinction species, in a mosaic of marine-protected areas (MPAs) of the south coast of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil, in the southernmost distribution of the species in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. For half a century, in the study area only one male of G. cirratum was officially recorded, in 1967. Retrieving records from artisanal fishers, recreational anglers, fishing guides and spearfishers added 30 more records of G. cirratum, including 2 recent captures (February/2022 and May/2022), especially around coastal islands that are covered by MPAs. Two uncommon fishing techniques, but which provided the highest number of records for the species, were documented. These are fishing nets and small longlines adapted for fishing close to the rocks, being an apparently traditional activity of a few natives of the region. As Brazil has a long history of intense catches of threatened elasmobranchs and problems with fisheries monitoring, the consideration of the FEK in the fisheries monitoring carried out by the authorities can be useful to promote improvements in data collection, especially of rare and endangered species such as G. cirratum. The strengthening of the protection of the MPAs and the articulation of research and management institutions with native people and tourists who use these areas should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R S Santos
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Ambientes Costeiros, São Vicente, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação de Peixes Neotropicais, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Registro - Unidade Agrochá, Registro, Brazil
| | - Kaliandra Klafke
- Centro de Profissionalização e Educação Técnica, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Otto B F Gadig
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Elasmobrânquios, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Domingos Garrone-Neto
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade de Ambientes Costeiros, São Vicente, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação de Peixes Neotropicais, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Registro - Unidade Agrochá, Registro, Brazil
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Duncan E, Papatheodoulou M, Metcalfe NB, McLennan D. Does pre-spawning catch and release angling affect offspring telomere dynamics in Atlantic salmon? Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad018. [PMID: 37113976 PMCID: PMC10129346 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The practice of 'catch and release' (C&R) angling confers a balance between animal welfare, conservation efforts and preserving the socio-economic interests of recreational angling. However, C&R angling can still cause exhaustion and physical injury, and often exposes the captured fish to the stress of air exposure. Therefore, the true conservation success of C&R angling depends on whether the angled individuals then survive to reproduction and whether there are any persisting effects on subsequent generations. Here we tested the hypothesis that the stress of C&R angling is then passed on to offspring. We experimentally manipulated the C&R experience of wild adult salmon prior to the spawning season. These parental fish either underwent a C&R simulation (which involved exercise with/without air exposure) or were left as control individuals. We then measured the telomere length of the arising offspring (at the larval stage of development) since previous studies have linked a shorter telomere length with reduced fitness/longevity and the rate of telomere loss is thought to be influenced by stress. Family-level telomere length was positively related to rate of growth. However, the telomere lengths of the salmon offspring were unrelated to the C&R experience of their parents. This may be due to there being no intergenerational effect of parental stress exposure on offspring telomeres, or to any potential effects being buffered by the significant telomere elongation mechanisms that are thought to occur during the embryonic and larval stages of development. While this may suggest that C&R angling has a minimal intergenerational effect on offspring fitness, there have been numerous other reports of negative C&R effects, therefore we should still be aiming to mitigate and refine such practices, in order to minimize their impacts on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Duncan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Magdalene Papatheodoulou
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Darryl McLennan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
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13
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Locatelli ACP, Bastos RF, Oliveira MA, Ferreira BP. Scientometric analysis and literature synthesis of 60 years of science on the Atlantic goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara). J Fish Biol 2023; 102:740-756. [PMID: 36635234 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, the authors investigate the evolution of scientific literature on the Atlantic goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara), the largest grouper species in the Atlantic. This species was considered threatened according to the IUCN for nearly three decades due to overfishing and has been protected from fishing in a large part of its range. For the purpose of evaluating the scientific production on an endangered species banned from fishing, the authors present a scientometry and synthesis review analysing the literature produced in the timeline and the content of their studies. To this end, they set up an almost 60-year literary database through the Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar platforms. They analyse the publication and knowledge area patterns over the time in the world and in Brazil. They also feature the main areas, locations, ecosystems and types of those research studies and briefly describe the main records found in each decade. An increase in the number of publications was observed from the 1990s onwards worldwide, and particularly in Brazil from the 2000s, coinciding with the pioneering legislations for species protection. Most of the studies were classified within ecology and conservation and took place in countries that implemented moratoriums and had extensive areas of mangroves. Thus, fishing moratorium, classification as endangered, mangroves distribution and conservation all play a role in the studies distribution and contribute positively to the knowledge, as well as support conservation strategies for the species and its ecosystems of occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C P Locatelli
- Reef and Ocean Ecosystem Studies Laboratory (LECOR), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Center of Technology and Geosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Bastos
- Reef and Ocean Ecosystem Studies Laboratory (LECOR), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Center of Technology and Geosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Marinhos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES/CEUNES), São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Oliveira
- Fisheries Stock Assessment and Geoprocessing Laboratory, Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Center of Technology and Geosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Beatrice P Ferreira
- Reef and Ocean Ecosystem Studies Laboratory (LECOR), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Center of Technology and Geosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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14
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Victoroff TM, Case SL, Robertson LD, Syron LN. Workplace Injuries Caused by Commercial Fishing Winches-Alaska, 2000-2020. J Agromedicine 2023; 28:433-443. [PMID: 36694388 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2171524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deck machinery is a leading source of hospitalized injury for commercial fishing workers in Alaska. More detailed data are needed about the specific circumstances leading to injuries for developing targeted prevention efforts. METHODS This study analyzed claims submitted to the Alaska Fisherman's Fund (AFF) to identify patterns among injuries in Alaska from commercial fishing winches. RESULTS During January 1, 2000-November 1, 2020, 125 traumatic injuries from commercial fishing winches were identified, mainly occurring among males (94%), frequently among fishermen aged 30 years or younger (54%). Over 80% of winch injuries occurred in salmon fisheries. By gear type, 40% of injuries occurred on vessels using purse seine gear, 30% on vessels using drift gillnet gear, and 12% among set gillnet operators. Most injuries involved a fisherman having a body part caught in or compressed by a winch or cables attached to a winch (67%). Injuries mainly affected upper extremities including fingers (50% of cases) or hands/wrists (together 22% of cases). Injury severity was not formally assessed, but injuries ranged from contusions, sprains, and strains to finger or hand crushing injuries, upper limb amputation, skull fracture, spinal fracture, and chest trauma. Most cases involved fractures (23%), amputations (18%), lacerations (16%), and contusions (16%). Of all injuries, 51% were caused by anchor winches, 32% were caused by deck winches, 9% were caused by trailer winches, and 9% were caused by other types of winches. CONCLUSIONS Practical solutions are needed for avoiding entanglement and struck-by hazards when operating fishing winches. Anchor winches warrant focused attention, having accounted for more than half of all winch injuries identified in this study. Engineering solutions, including emergency stop devices or other simple mechanical interventions depending on winch type, could help to avert potentially disabling injuries from winches. Administrative controls such as task-specific training for winches should be emphasized, especially for younger or less experienced commercial fishing crew, who may be at increased risk for injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan M Victoroff
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Samantha L Case
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Lakshmi D Robertson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Spokane, Washington, USA.,Lexmark International, Inc, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura N Syron
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Western States Division, Spokane, Washington, USA
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15
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Acosta-Pérez VJ, Ángeles-Hernández JC, Vega-Sánchez V, Zepeda-Velázquez AP, Añorve-Morga J, Ponce-Noguez JB, Reyes-Rodríguez NE, De-La-Rosa-Arana JL, Ramírez-Paredes JG, Gómez-De-Anda FR. Prevalence of Parasitic Infections with Zoonotic Potential in Tilapia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202800. [PMID: 36290186 PMCID: PMC9597807 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia has a high socioeconomic value in many countries worldwide. However, it has been identified as a zoonotic parasite reservoir. A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were carried out in order to estimate the global prevalence of zoonotic parasites that affect tilapia. The search was performed by three field experts to avoid reviewer bias. Polled prevalence was estimated using a logistic-normal random-effect regression model in the R software. We dealt with the heterogeneity among studies through subgroup analysis, taking into account the continent, country, genus of the host, parasite taxonomic group, sample origin, and type of diagnostic test as moderator variables. Fifty-two eligible articles were identified covering five tilapia genera with a pooled prevalence of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.10−0.20) showed significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.4; p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis revealed that the most affected host was Sarotherodon, with a prevalence of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.22−0.65). Cestode was the taxonomic group with the largest prevalence (0.40; 95% CI:0.32−0.48), followed by amoeba (0.24; 95% CI: 0.16−0.35) and nematode (0.22; 95% CI: 0.11−0.38), among which, Schyzocotyle spp., Opistorchis spp., Gnathostoma spp. and Vermamoeba spp. have an impact on public health. Significant differences (p < 0.004) were found among continents and countries, with the highest value of prevalence detected in the African continent (0.28; 95% CI: 0.20−0.37), specifically in Tanzania (0.56; 95% CI: 0.22−0.87) and Egypt (0.43; 95% CI: 0.20−0.55). The origin of samples had a significant effect (p < 0.0001) on the detected prevalence, especially from those that showed the highest prevalence (0.24; 95% CI: 0.17−0.33). Finally, there were no differences in prevalence according to the diagnostic test (p = 0.97). Our results provide useful information on the development of epidemiological programs for the control of zoonoses associated with parasites in tilapia and in the design, planning, and implementation of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Johan Acosta-Pérez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Ángeles-Hernández
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.C.Á.-H.); (F.R.G.-D.-A.); Tel.: +52-77-2106-7438 (J.C.Á.-H.); +52-55-3745-2556 (F.R.G.-D.-A.)
| | - Vicente Vega-Sánchez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico
| | - Andrea Paloma Zepeda-Velázquez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico
| | - Javier Añorve-Morga
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básica e Ingeniería, Kilometro 4.5 Carretera Pachuca—Tulancingo, Col. Carbonera Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42082, Mexico
| | | | - Nydia Edith Reyes-Rodríguez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis De-La-Rosa-Arana
- Microbiología en Salud Humana, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuahutitlan Izcalli, Estado de Mexico 54743, Mexico
| | - José Gustavo Ramírez-Paredes
- Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd., a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Units 1–3 Old Station Business Park, Compton RG20 6NE, UK
| | - Fabián Ricardo Gómez-De-Anda
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.C.Á.-H.); (F.R.G.-D.-A.); Tel.: +52-77-2106-7438 (J.C.Á.-H.); +52-55-3745-2556 (F.R.G.-D.-A.)
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16
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Sánchez-Almeida R, Hernández-Sánchez C, Villanova-Solano C, Díaz-Peña FJ, Clemente S, González-Sálamo J, González-Pleiter M, Hernández-Borges J. Microplastics Determination in Gastrointestinal Tracts of European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) and Gilt-Head Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) from Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101931. [PMID: 35631814 PMCID: PMC9147029 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has an extremely widespread distribution, to the extent that microplastics could be ingested by aquatic organisms, including species of commercial importance for fisheries and aquaculture. In this work, the anthropogenic particles content of the gastrointestinal tracts of 86 individuals of cultivated European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, n = 45) and gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata, n = 41) from Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) was determined. Samples were bought at local markets and directly transported to the laboratory. After the dissection of the fishes and digestion of the gastrointestinal tracts in 10% KOH (w/v) at 60 °C for 24 h, the digests were filtered (50 µm stainless-steel mesh) and visualized under a stereomicroscope, finding that most of the items were colourless (47.7% for Dicentrarchus labrax and 60.9% for Sparus aurata) and blue (35.3% vs. 24.8%) microfibers, with an average length of 1957 ± 1699 µm and 1988 ± 1853 µm, respectively. Moreover, 15.3% of the microfibres were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showing the prevalence of cellulosic fibres together with polyester, polyacrylonitrile, and poly(ether-urethane). This pattern (microplastics shapes, colours, sizes, and composition) clearly agrees with previous studies carried out in the Canary Islands region regarding the determination of microplastics in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez-Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.S.-A.); (C.V.-S.); (J.G.-S.)
| | - Cintia Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Forense y Legal y Parasitología, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería, Sección de Náutica, Máquinas y Radioelectrónica Naval, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Vía Auxiliar Paso Alto, 2, 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.H.-S.); (J.H.-B.); Tel.: +34-922-31-64-90 (C.H.-S.); +34-922-31-80-39 (J.H.-B.)
| | - Cristina Villanova-Solano
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.S.-A.); (C.V.-S.); (J.G.-S.)
| | - Francisco Javier Díaz-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (F.J.D.-P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sabrina Clemente
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (F.J.D.-P.); (S.C.)
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (R.S.-A.); (C.V.-S.); (J.G.-S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel González-Pleiter
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (F.J.D.-P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.-S.); (J.H.-B.); Tel.: +34-922-31-64-90 (C.H.-S.); +34-922-31-80-39 (J.H.-B.)
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17
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Epstein G, Middelburg JJ, Hawkins JP, Norris CR, Roberts CM. The impact of mobile demersal fishing on carbon storage in seabed sediments. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:2875-2894. [PMID: 35174577 PMCID: PMC9307015 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Subtidal marine sediments are one of the planet's primary carbon stores and strongly influence the oceanic sink for atmospheric CO2 . By far the most widespread human activity occurring on the seabed is bottom trawling/dredging for fish and shellfish. A global first-order estimate suggested mobile demersal fishing activities may cause 0.16-0.4 Gt of organic carbon (OC) to be remineralized annually from seabed sediment carbon stores (Sala et al., 2021). There are, however, many uncertainties in this calculation. Here, we discuss the potential drivers of change in seabed sediment OC stores due to mobile demersal fishing activities and conduct a literature review, synthesizing studies where this interaction has been directly investigated. Under certain environmental settings, we hypothesize that mobile demersal fishing would reduce OC in seabed stores due to lower production of flora and fauna, the loss of fine flocculent material, increased sediment resuspension, mixing and transport and increased oxygen exposure. Reductions would be offset to varying extents by reduced faunal bioturbation and community respiration, increased off-shelf transport and increases in primary production from the resuspension of nutrients. Studies which directly investigated the impact of demersal fishing on OC stocks had mixed results. A finding of no significant effect was reported in 61% of 49 investigations; 29% reported lower OC due to fishing activities, with 10% reporting higher OC. In relation to remineralization rates within the seabed, four investigations reported that demersal fishing activities decreased remineralization, with three reporting higher remineralization rates. Patterns in the environmental and experimental characteristics between different outcomes were largely indistinct. More evidence is urgently needed to accurately quantify the impact of anthropogenic physical disturbance on seabed carbon in different environmental settings and to incorporate full evidence-based carbon considerations into global seabed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Epstein
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterCornwallUK
| | | | - Julie P. Hawkins
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterCornwallUK
| | - Catrin R. Norris
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterCornwallUK
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18
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Bosch NE, Monk J, Goetze J, Wilson S, Babcock RC, Barrett N, Clough J, Currey‐Randall LM, Fairclough DV, Fisher R, Gibbons BA, Harasti D, Harvey ES, Heupel MR, Hicks JL, Holmes TH, Huveneers C, Ierodiaconou D, Jordan A, Knott NA, Malcolm HA, McLean D, Meekan M, Newman SJ, Radford B, Rees MJ, Saunders BJ, Speed CW, Travers MJ, Wakefield CB, Wernberg T, Langlois TJ. Effects of human footprint and biophysical factors on the body-size structure of fished marine species. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13807. [PMID: 34312893 PMCID: PMC9292308 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine fisheries in coastal ecosystems in many areas of the world have historically removed large-bodied individuals, potentially impairing ecosystem functioning and the long-term sustainability of fish populations. Reporting on size-based indicators that link to food-web structure can contribute to ecosystem-based management, but the application of these indicators over large (cross-ecosystem) geographical scales has been limited to either fisheries-dependent catch data or diver-based methods restricted to shallow waters (<20 m) that can misrepresent the abundance of large-bodied fished species. We obtained data on the body-size structure of 82 recreationally or commercially targeted marine demersal teleosts from 2904 deployments of baited remote underwater stereo-video (stereo-BRUV). Sampling was at up to 50 m depth and covered approximately 10,000 km of the continental shelf of Australia. Seascape relief, water depth, and human gravity (i.e., a proxy of human impacts) were the strongest predictors of the probability of occurrence of large fishes and the abundance of fishes above the minimum legal size of capture. No-take marine reserves had a positive effect on the abundance of fishes above legal size, although the effect varied across species groups. In contrast, sublegal fishes were best predicted by gradients in sea surface temperature (mean and variance). In areas of low human impact, large fishes were about three times more likely to be encountered and fishes of legal size were approximately five times more abundant. For conspicuous species groups with contrasting habitat, environmental, and biogeographic affinities, abundance of legal-size fishes typically declined as human impact increased. Our large-scale quantitative analyses highlight the combined importance of seascape complexity, regions with low human footprint, and no-take marine reserves in protecting large-bodied fishes across a broad range of species and ecosystem configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor E. Bosch
- The School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jacquomo Monk
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jordan Goetze
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKensingtonWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Shaun Wilson
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKensingtonWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Neville Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jock Clough
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - David V. Fairclough
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaNorth BeachWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research CentreCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Brooke A. Gibbons
- The School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - David Harasti
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries ResearchPort Stephens Fisheries InstituteTaylors BeachNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Euan S. Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Michelle R. Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS)University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jamie L. Hicks
- Department for Environment and WaterMarine ScienceAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Thomas H. Holmes
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of BiodiversityConservation and AttractionsKensingtonWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Charlie Huveneers
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Daniel Ierodiaconou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWarrnamboolVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alan Jordan
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries ResearchPort Stephens Fisheries InstituteTaylors BeachNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nathan A. Knott
- Fisheries ResearchNSW Department of Primary IndustriesCoffs HarbourNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hamish A. Malcolm
- Fisheries ResearchNSW Department of Primary IndustriesCoffs HarbourNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dianne McLean
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research CentreCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Mark Meekan
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research CentreCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stephen J. Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaNorth BeachWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ben Radford
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research CentreCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Rees
- Fisheries ResearchNSW Department of Primary IndustriesCoffs HarbourNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Benjamin J. Saunders
- School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Conrad W. Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceIndian Ocean Marine Research CentreCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Michael J. Travers
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaNorth BeachWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Corey B. Wakefield
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaNorth BeachWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- The School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
| | - Tim J. Langlois
- The School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The UWA Oceans InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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19
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Abrahamsen A, Weihe P, Debes F, van Leeuwen WMA. Sleep, Sleepiness, and Fatigue on Board Faroese Fishing Vessels. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:347-362. [PMID: 35264889 PMCID: PMC8899098 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s342410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Faroese fishers have four times more accidents than workers on land. The aim was to understand fishers' fatigue better and how their work and sleep patterns influenced their sleepiness levels and cognitive performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 157 Faroese fishers wore wrist-worn actigraphs at sea and one week on land and filled in sleep and sleepiness diaries during the trip. Furthermore, a 3-minute simple reaction time (SRT) test was completed at the beginning and end of the trip. The ship's movement and noise were also logged. The actiwatch results were analysed with mixed methods repeated measures. The sleepiness registrations and performance on the SRT-test were analysed with paired t-test. The ship movements (Pitch and roll) were divided into approximately three same-sized groups (lowest 1/3, medium 1/3, and highest 1/3) and compared against the Karolinska Sleepiness Scores (KSS ranging from 1-9) ≥7 and physical tiredness (ranging from 1-9) scores ≥7. Chi-square tests were used to determine the significance of these differences. Mean sleepiness scores at sea, and the proportion of sleepiness scores ≥7 were calculated, as well as sleepiness scores as a function of the time of day. RESULTS While at sea, fishers had more split sleep, slept less, and had lower sleep efficiency than onshore. Sleepiness was higher at the end of the trip, and cognitive decline was found. The number of major lapses was higher at the end of the trip, but with no significant difference between the median reaction times. CONCLUSION The crew on-board the freezer longliner, who worked 8-8 shifts, slept the most, had the longest continuous sleep periods, the highest sleep efficiency, the lowest sleepiness levels, and the highest noise exposure during their time off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annbjørg Abrahamsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,The University of Faroe Islands, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.,The University of Faroe Islands, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Fróði Debes
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Wessel M A van Leeuwen
- Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Rincón-Díaz MP, Bovcon ND, Cochia PD, Góngora ME, Galván DE. Fish functional diversity as an indicator of resilience to industrial fishing in Patagonia Argentina. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1650-1667. [PMID: 34386971 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between fish functional diversity and fishing levels at which its baselines shift is important to identify the consequences of fishing in ecosystem functioning. For the first time, the authors of this study implemented a trait-based approach in the Argentine Patagonian Sea to identify the vulnerability and spatiotemporal changes in functional diversity of fish assemblages incidentally captured by a trawling fleet targeting the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Spence Bate, 1888) between 2003 and 2014. The authors coupled seven fish trophic traits to a reconstructed fish assemblage for the study area and by-catch and evaluated changes in fish species richness and four complementary functional diversity measures (functional richness, redundancy, dispersion and community trait values) along with fishing intensity, temporal use, latitudinal location and depth of fishing grounds, and vessel length. Resident fishes larger than 30 cm in length, with depressed and fusiform bodies, intermediate to high trophic levels, and feeding in benthic, demersal and midwater areas were vulnerable to by-catch. In addition, fish assemblages exhibited a low functional trait redundancy, likely related to species influxes in a biogeographic ecotone with tropicalisation signs. Significant increases in fish trait richness and dispersion poleward and deep suggested new functional roles in these grounds, matching trends in community body size, reproductive load, maximum depth and trophic level. Finally, a temporal increase in fish species and functional trait removal in fishing grounds led to trait homogenisation since 2003. The authors identified that tipping points in temperate fish functional trait diversity showed the importance of trait-based approaches within ecosystem-based fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Patricia Rincón-Díaz
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio CCT CONICET - CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Nelson D Bovcon
- Instituto de Investigación de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
- Departamento de Pesca Deportiva, Secretaría de Pesca de la Provincia del Chubut, Rawson, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Cochia
- Instituto de Investigación de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - María Eva Góngora
- Instituto de Investigación de Hidrobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - David E Galván
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio CCT CONICET - CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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21
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Cramer KL, Donovan MK, Jackson JBC, Greenstein BJ, Korpanty CA, Cook GM, Pandolfi JM. The transformation of Caribbean coral communities since humans. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10098-10118. [PMID: 34367562 PMCID: PMC8328467 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass die-off of Caribbean corals has transformed many of this region's reefs to macroalgal-dominated habitats since systematic monitoring began in the 1970s. Although attributed to a combination of local and global human stressors, the lack of long-term data on Caribbean reef coral communities has prevented a clear understanding of the causes and consequences of coral declines. We integrated paleoecological, historical, and modern survey data to track the occurrence of major coral species and life-history groups throughout the Caribbean from the prehuman period to the present. The regional loss of Acropora corals beginning by the 1960s from local human disturbances resulted in increases in the occurrence of formerly subdominant stress-tolerant and weedy scleractinian corals and the competitive hydrozoan Millepora beginning in the 1970s and 1980s. These transformations have resulted in the homogenization of coral communities within individual countries. However, increases in stress-tolerant and weedy corals have slowed or reversed since the 1980s and 1990s in tandem with intensified coral bleaching and disease. These patterns reveal the long history of increasingly stressful environmental conditions on Caribbean reefs that began with widespread local human disturbances and have recently culminated in the combined effects of local and global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Cramer
- Center for Biodiversity Outcomes and School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Mary K. Donovan
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science and School of Geographical Sciences and Urban PlanningArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Jeremy B. C. Jackson
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation and Department of PaleontologyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Chelsea A. Korpanty
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental SciencesUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Geoffrey M. Cook
- Department of Biology and Health ScienceNew England CollegeHennikerNHUSA
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- Centre for Marine ScienceSchool of Biological Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQldAustralia
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22
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Ssetaala A, Nabawanuka J, Matovu G, Nakiragga N, Namugga J, Nalubega P, Lutalo Kaluuma H, Perehudoff K, Michielsen K, Bagaya B, Kiwanuka N, Degomme O. Antenatal Care Practices Among Hard-to-Reach Fishing Communities on Lake Victoria: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 11:2150132720923101. [PMID: 32450758 PMCID: PMC7252366 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720923101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uganda has one of the highest maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa, with a mortality ratio of 336 per 100 000 live births. Early regular antenatal care (ANC) helps prevent adverse outcomes, including deaths, through prevention, identification, treatment, and/or referral of at-risk women. We explored ANC practices and associated factors among women from hard-to-reach Lake Victoria islands fishing communities in Kalangala district, Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among 486 consenting women aged 15 to 49 years, who were pregnant or had a birth or abortion in the past 6 months was conducted in 6 island fishing communities of Kalangala district, Uganda, during January to May 2018. ODK software interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographics and ANC practices. Regression modeling using STATA version 15 was used to determine factors associated with ANC visits. Results: Women’s median (range) age was 26 (15-45) years, 63% (304/486) had up to primary level education, 45% (219/486) were housewives (stay home mums), 87% (423/486) were married. ANC visits ranged from 0 to 10, with over three-fifths of women having their first visit late after 3 months of being pregnant (63%, 198/316). Women without a history of pregnancy loss (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.0), those not staying with their partners (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-6.0), and those whose partners were working in fishing-related activities (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.0) were likely to have started care late. Women from communities with a public health facility and those with partners working in none fishing-related activities had the highest predicted number of visits. Conclusion: Antenatal practices among these communities are characterized by late start of care. Community-led early ANC awareness interventions are needed. Targeted health policies need to consider public ANC facilities for each island for improved antenatal outcomes and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ssetaala
- UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Limited, Entebbe, Uganda.,Ghent University International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Gideon Matovu
- UVRI-IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Limited, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Katrina Perehudoff
- Ghent University International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristien Michielsen
- Ghent University International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bagaya
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noah Kiwanuka
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Olivier Degomme
- Ghent University International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Toso A, Schifano S, Oxborough C, McGrath K, Spindler L, Castro A, Evangelista L, Filipe V, Gonçalves MJ, Marques A, Mendes da Silva I, Santos R, Valente MJ, McCleery I, Alexander M. Beyond faith: Biomolecular evidence for changing urban economies in multi-faith medieval Portugal. Am J Phys Anthropol 2021; 176:208-222. [PMID: 34110625 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the Middle Ages, Portugal witnessed unprecedented socioeconomic and religious changes under transitioning religious political rule. The implications of changing ruling powers for urban food systems and individual diets in medieval Portugal is poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the dietary impact of the Islamic and Christian conquests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiocarbon dating, peptide mass fingerprinting (ZooMS) and stable isotope analysis (δ13 C, δ15 N) of animal (n = 59) and human skeletal remains (n = 205) from Muslim and Christian burials were used to characterize the diet of a large historical sample from Portugal. A Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (BSIMM) was used to estimate the contribution of marine protein to human diet. RESULTS Early medieval (8-12th century), preconquest urban Muslim populations had mean (±1SD) values of -18.8 ± 0.4 ‰ for δ13 C 10.4 ± 1 ‰ for δ15 N, indicating a predominantly terrestrial diet, while late medieval (12-14th century) postconquest Muslim and Christian populations showed a greater reliance on marine resources with mean (±1SD) values of -17.9 ± 1.3‰ for δ13 C and 11.1 ± 1.1‰ for δ15 N. BSIMM estimation supported a significant increase in the contribution of marine resources to human diet. DISCUSSION The results provide the first biomolecular evidence for a dietary revolution that is not evidenced in contemporaneous historical accounts. We find that society transitioned from a largely agro-pastoral economy under Islamic rule to one characterized by a new focus on marine resources under later Christian rule. This economic change led to the naissance of the marine economy that went on to characterize the early-modern period in Portugal and its global expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Toso
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Prehistory & ICTA, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simona Schifano
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Krista McGrath
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Prehistory & ICTA, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luke Spindler
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Anabela Castro
- Departamento de Antropologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Uniarq - Centro de Arqueologia, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucy Evangelista
- Era Arqueologia SA Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,University of Algarve, Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Faro, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Filipe
- Cota 80.86.Lda, Lisbon, Portugal.,IAP, Instituto de Arqueologia e Paleociência, FCSH, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Antonio Marques
- CAL - Centro de Arqueologia de Lisboa, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Maria João Valente
- FCHS, CEAACP - Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Iona McCleery
- School of History/Institute for Medieval Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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24
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Wootton HF, Audzijonyte A, Morrongiello J. Multigenerational exposure to warming and fishing causes recruitment collapse, but size diversity and periodic cooling can aid recovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100300118. [PMID: 33903250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and fisheries harvest are significantly impacting wild fish stocks, yet their interactive influence on population resilience to stress remains unclear. We explored these interactive effects on early-life development and survival by experimentally manipulating the thermal and harvest regimes in 18 zebrafish (Danio rerio) populations over six consecutive generations. Warming advanced development rates across generations, but after three generations, it caused a sudden and large (30-50%) decline in recruitment. This warming impact was most severe in populations where size-selective harvesting reduced the average size of spawners. We then explored whether our observed recruitment decline could be explained by changes in egg size, early egg and larval survival, population sex ratio, and developmental costs. We found that it was most likely driven by temperature-induced shifts in embryonic development rate and fishing-induced male-biased sex ratios. Importantly, once harvest and warming were relaxed, recruitment rates rapidly recovered. Our study suggests that the effects of warming and fishing could have strong impacts on wild stock recruitment, but this may take several generations to manifest. However, resilience of wild populations may be higher if fishing preserves sufficient body size diversity, and windows of suitable temperature periodically occur.
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25
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Morrongiello JR, Horn PL, Ó Maolagáin C, Sutton PJH. Synergistic effects of harvest and climate drive synchronous somatic growth within key New Zealand fisheries. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:1470-1484. [PMID: 33502819 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries harvest has pervasive impacts on wild fish populations, including the truncation of size and age structures, altered population dynamics and density, and modified habitat and assemblage composition. Understanding the degree to which harvest-induced impacts increase the sensitivity of individuals, populations and ultimately species to environmental change is essential to ensuring sustainable fisheries management in a rapidly changing world. Here we generated multiple long-term (44-62 years), annually resolved, somatic growth chronologies of four commercially important fishes from New Zealand's coastal and shelf waters. We used these novel data to investigate how regional- and basin-scale environmental variability, in concert with fishing activity, affected individual somatic growth rates and the magnitude of spatial synchrony among stocks. Changes in somatic growth can affect individual fitness and a range of population and fishery metrics such as recruitment success, maturation schedules and stock biomass. Across all species, individual growth benefited from a fishing-induced release of density controls. For nearshore snapper and tarakihi, regional-scale wind and temperature also additively affected growth, indicating that future climate change-induced warming and potentially strengthened winds will initially promote the productivity of more poleward populations. Fishing increased the sensitivity of deep-water hoki and ling growth to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). A forecast shift to a positive IPO phase, in concert with current harvest strategies, will likely promote individual hoki and ling growth. At the species level, historical fishing practices and IPO synergized to strengthen spatial synchrony in average growth between stocks separated by 400-600 nm of ocean. Increased spatial synchrony can, however, increase the vulnerability of stocks to deleterious stochastic events. Together, our individual- and species-level results show how fishing and environmental factors can conflate to initially promote individual growth but then possibly heighten the sensitivity of stocks to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter L Horn
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Philip J H Sutton
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand
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26
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Prokkola JM, Alioravainen N, Mehtätalo L, Hyvärinen P, Lemopoulos A, Metso S, Vainikka A. Does parental angling selection affect the behavior or metabolism of brown trout parr? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2630-2644. [PMID: 33767825 PMCID: PMC7981205 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of organisms can be subject to human-induced selection such as that arising from fishing. Angling is expected to induce mortality on fish with bold and explorative behavior, which are behaviors commonly linked to a high standard metabolic rate. We studied the transgenerational response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to angling-induced selection by examining the behavior and metabolism of 1-year-old parr between parents that were or were not captured by experimental fly fishing. We performed the angling selection experiment on both a wild and a captive population, and compared the offspring for standard metabolic rate and behavior under predation risk in common garden conditions. Angling had population-specific effects on risk taking and exploration tendency, but no effects on standard metabolic rate. Our study adds to the evidence that angling can induce transgenerational responses on fish personality. However, understanding the mechanisms of divergent responses between the populations requires further study on the selectivity of angling in various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M. Prokkola
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Present address:
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nico Alioravainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Pekka Hyvärinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Kainuu Fisheries Research StationPaltamoFinland
| | - Alexandre Lemopoulos
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sara Metso
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Anssi Vainikka
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
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27
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Albizu EJ, de Oliveira Gonçalves CG, de Lacerda ABM, Zeigelboim BS, Marques JM. Noise exposure and effects on hearing in Brazilian fishermen. Work 2020; 65:881-889. [PMID: 32310217 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several health conditions among professional fishermen have been reported. Among the risks to the health of fishermen, it should be noted that high noise levels cause hearing loss and general health problems. OBJECTIVE to investigate the effects of exposure to occupational noise on hearing in professional fishermen at the main large-scale commercial fishing center in Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study, 466 Brazilian commercial fishermen participated in the study, all males, ages range 18-67 years. A total of 15 vessels were included in the study. The first phase involved assessment of the sound pressure levels (SPLs) in the vessels, the second phase involved the use of a questionnaire and audiological assessment. RESULTS Most compartments registered SPLs greater than 80 dBA and the noisiest compartment was the engine-room, where the vessel pilot works. Among the fishermen, tinnitus was the most commonly reported symptom (48.63%). A higher prevalence of hearing loss was observed in engine-room keepers. Longer the length of time in service, and consequently, exposure to noise (in years), were associated with higher auditory thresholds. CONCLUSION the tolerance limits to noise exposure were exceeded according to legislation. Fishing activities are associated with noise-induced hearing loss, with the risk increasing with the length of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn J Albizu
- Department of Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná - Communication Disorders Program, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bianca Simone Zeigelboim
- Department of Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná - Communication Disorders Program, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jair Mendes Marques
- Department of Communication Disorders, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná - Communication Disorders Program, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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28
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Silva F, Duarte AM, Mendes S, Magalhães E, Pinto FR, Barroso S, Neves A, Sequeira V, Vieira AR, Gordo L, Gil MM. Seasonal Sensory Evaluation of Low Commercial Value or Unexploited Fish Species from the Portuguese Coast. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121880. [PMID: 33348717 PMCID: PMC7766407 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overfishing is increasing over time, and according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), about one third of the world’s fish stocks are now overfished. Thus, diversifying the target species is essential for fisheries sustainability contributing to improve resource-efficient processes. Non-target species can be valuable resources for the development of new food products. However, those species are scarcely studied, and it is of high importance to trace their seasonal sensory profile as a first step towards their valorisation. Therefore, in this study, seasonal influence on sensory properties of five low commercial value or unexploited fish species, namely Trachurus picturatus (blue jack mackerel), Spondyliosoma cantharus (black seabream), Trigla lyra (piper gurnard), Serranus cabrilla (comber) and Capros aper (boarfish), was assessed in order to identify the most favourable season for catching each species. Fish samples were assessed by a panel of 16 semi-trained assessors for sensory attributes previously identified. The evaluation takes place every 2 months. Statistical differences were reported between attributes and seasons for all species, except for T. lyra, which did not present any difference in its sensory attributes throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Ana M. Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Susana Mendes
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Elisabete Magalhães
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Filipa R. Pinto
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Sónia Barroso
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (F.S.); (A.M.D.); (F.R.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Ana Neves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Vera Sequeira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vieira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonel Gordo
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (A.N.); (V.S.); (A.R.V.); (L.G.)
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Gil
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Cetemares, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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Gnanalingam G, Gaff H, Butler MJ. Conserving spawning stocks through harvest slot limits and no-take protected areas. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1492-1502. [PMID: 32390269 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The key to the conservation of harvested species is the maintenance of reproductive success. Yet for many marine species large, old, individuals are targeted despite their disproportionate contribution to reproduction. We hypothesized that a combination of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) and harvest slot limits (maximum and minimum size limits) would result in the conservation of large spawning individuals under heavy harvest. We tested this approach under different harvest intensities with a 2-sex, stage-structured metapopulation model for the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). P. argus is intensively harvested in the Caribbean, and in many localities large, mature individuals no longer exist. No-take MPAs and harvest slot limits combined, rebuilt and maintained large mature individuals even under high harvest pressure. The most conservative model (a 30% MPA and harvest slot limit of 75-105 mm) increased spawner abundance by 5.53E12 compared with the fishing status quo at the end of 30 years. Spawning stock abundance also increased by 2.76-9.56E12 individuals at a high harvest intensity over 30 years with MPAs alone. Our results demonstrate the potential of MPAs and harvest slot limits for the conservation of large breeding individuals in some marine and freshwater environments. Decisions on which management strategy best suits a fishery, however, requires balancing what is ecologically desirable with what is economically and socially feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya Gnanalingam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA, 23529, U.S.A
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Holly Gaff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA, 23529, U.S.A
| | - Mark J Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA, 23529, U.S.A
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Kuhn AW, Kuhn JE. Upper Extremity Pain and Overuse Injuries in Fly- Fishing: A North American Cross-Sectional Survey and Implications for Injury Prevention. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120959303. [PMID: 33173800 PMCID: PMC7588766 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120959303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fly-fishing requires rhythmic, coordinated movements to successfully cast a
fly line. Previous studies have shown that the biomechanical demands of
fly-casting may cause some individuals to develop upper extremity pain or
injuries. Purpose: To report the rates, trends, and contributing factors of upper extremity pain
and overuse injuries in a sample of North American recreational
fly-fishers. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Participants were reached via 3 popular online fly-fishing forums in April
2019. Each consenting North American participant over 18 years of age was
given a link to a unique survey that recorded his or her demographic and
orthopaedic histories, fly-fishing experience, equipment, casting
techniques, upper extremity pain after fly-fishing, and chronic
outcomes. Results: The 162 fly-fishers included were 63.3 (± 11.5) years of age, and 95.1% were
men. In total, 59 (36.4%) reported experiencing upper extremity pain
immediately after fly-fishing. Pain was rated a 4.0 (interquartile range,
3.0-6.0) on a 10-point Likert scale, commonly lasting less than 1 day
(45.0%) or between 1 day and 1 week (45.0%). The majority (62.7%) reported
not needing to see a medical provider for their pain/soreness. Those who did
most commonly received diagnoses of elbow or rotator cuff tendinitis.
Pain/soreness was associated with casting in an elliptical/sidearm fashion,
compared with overhead or 2-handed casting (P = .006) using
a weighted line or added weight (split-shot, weighted heads, etc)
(P = .034) and with grip styles where the hand was
pronated compared with being in a more neutral position (P
= .046). The mean shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder
and Hand score was 10.8 (± 11.5). Higher scores were associated with a
history of self-reported upper extremity orthopaedic injuries (B = 6.059
[95% CI, 2.476-9.642]; SE, 1.814; P = .001) and having had
surgery for these injuries (B = 8.484 [95% CI, 4.454-12.513]; SE, 0.314;
P < .001). Conclusion: In this sample of recreational fly-fishers, no aspects of fly-fishing were
associated with long-term upper extremity disability, and only a little more
than a third reported having transient pain immediately after fishing.
Casting style, using weighted lines or added weight, and grip style were all
associated with pain. These are modifiable risk factors that can be adjusted
to reduce the risk of upper extremity pain immediately after
fly-fishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Kuhn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John E Kuhn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Nanyonjo G, Asiki G, Ssetaala A, Nakaweesa T, Wambuzi M, Nanvubya A, Mpendo J, Okech B, Kitandwe PK, Nielsen L, Nalutaaya A, Welsh S, Bagaya BS, Chinyenze K, Fast P, Price M, Kiwanuka N. Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among adolescents and young people living in fishing populations along Lake Victoria Fishing Communities in Uganda. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:208. [PMID: 33505576 PMCID: PMC7813648 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.208.26124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION fishing communities in Uganda are key populations for HIV, with persistently higher prevalence and incidence than the general population. METHODS between March and August 2014, a cross sectional survey was conducted in 10 fishing communities of Lake Victoria in Uganda. Data was collected on socio-behavioural characteristics using interviewer administered questionnaires and venous blood collected for HIV testing. Prevalent HIV infections among adolescents and young people aged 13 to 24 years was estimated and the factors associated with those infections determined using multi variable logistic regression modelling. RESULTS HIV prevalence was 10.8% among the 630 (96.5%) who provided a blood sample. Females were 3.5 times as likely to have HIV infection as males (aOR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.34-9.22). Young people aged 20-24 years were twice as likely to be HIV infected as those aged 13-19 years (aOR=1.77, 95% CI: 0.05-2.10), participants without formal education or those who had studied up to primary level were more likely to be HIV infected than those who had post primary education ((aOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.19-5.07) or (5.29 (1.35-20.71) respectively). Reporting more than one sexual partner in the past 6 months was associated with HIV prevalent infection than those reporting no sexual partners (aOR=6.44, 95% CI: 1.27-32.83). CONCLUSION adolescents and young people aged 13-24 years in fishing communities around Lake Victoria, Uganda, have a high HIV prevalence, with females having a three-fold higher level than males. These findings highlight-the need to improve HIV prevention among young females living in these fishing communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ali Ssetaala
- UVRI/IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Limited, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Juliet Mpendo
- UVRI/IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Limited, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Brenda Okech
- UVRI/IAVI HIV Vaccine Program Limited, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Leslie Nielsen
- Partnership for Research on Ebola Virus in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Annet Nalutaaya
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Uganda Tuberculosis and Implementation Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Bernard Ssentalo Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Matt Price
- IAVI, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noah Kiwanuka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Addetia A, Crawford KHD, Dingens A, Zhu H, Roychoudhury P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Bloom JD, Greninger AL. Neutralizing Antibodies Correlate with Protection from SARS-CoV-2 in Humans during a Fishery Vessel Outbreak with a High Attack Rate. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:e02107-20. [PMID: 32826322 PMCID: PMC7587101 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02107-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 would be greatly facilitated by the identification of immunological correlates of protection in humans. However, to date, studies on protective immunity have been performed only in animal models and correlates of protection have not been established in humans. Here, we describe an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 on a fishing vessel associated with a high attack rate. Predeparture serological and viral reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) testing along with repeat testing after return to shore was available for 120 of the 122 persons on board over a median follow-up of 32.5 days (range, 18.8 to 50.5 days). A total of 104 individuals had an RT-PCR-positive viral test with a cycle threshold (CT ) of <35 or seroconverted during the follow-up period, yielding an attack rate on board of 85.2% (104/122 individuals). Metagenomic sequencing of 39 viral genomes suggested that the outbreak originated largely from a single viral clade. Only three crew members tested seropositive prior to the boat's departure in initial serological screening and also had neutralizing and spike-reactive antibodies in follow-up assays. None of the crew members with neutralizing antibody titers showed evidence of bona fide viral infection or experienced any symptoms during the viral outbreak. Therefore, the presence of neutralizing antibodies from prior infection was significantly associated with protection against reinfection (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Addetia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katharine H D Crawford
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam Dingens
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haiying Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Mallon Andrews K. Catching Air: Risk and Embodied Ocean Health among Dominican Diver Fishermen. Med Anthropol Q 2020; 35:64-81. [PMID: 32521085 DOI: 10.1111/maq.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the connections between bodily health and environmental health among diver fishermen in the Dominican Republic, and how these relationships are excluded from broader conversations about marine conservation at the national and global levels. As changing ocean environments refigure marine ecosystems, making fish scarce in the shallows, diver fishermen must dive deeper and stay longer in risky conditions, using a compressor to pump an unlimited supply of air to the diver below. As a result, decompression sickness (the bends) has become a pervasive injury and a way that coastal communities experience changing ocean health. The article analyzes injury narratives from divers who "caught air," the local term for the bends, arguing that decompression sickness is a symptom of failing ecologies and strained human relations with the sea, where environments at risk become embodied through parallel risky practices at sea.
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Abstract
Data analysis is a risky endeavor, particularly among people who are unaware of its dangers. According to some researchers, "statistical conclusions validity" threatens all research subjected to the dark arts of statistical magic. Although traditional statistics classes may advise against certain practices (e.g., multiple comparisons, small sample sizes, violating normality), they may fail to cover others (e.g., outlier detection and violating linearity). More common, perhaps, is that researchers may fail to remember them. In this article, rather than rehashing old warnings and diatribes against this practice or that, I instead advocate a general statistical-analysis strategy. This graphic-based eight-step strategy promises to resolve the majority of statistical traps researchers may fall into-without having to remember large lists of problematic statistical practices. These steps will assist in preventing both false positives and false negatives and yield critical insights about the data that would have otherwise been missed. I conclude with an applied example that shows how the eight steps reveal interesting insights that would not be detected with standard statistical practices.
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35
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Easter EE, Adreani MS, Hamilton SL, Steele MA, Pang S, White JW. Influence of protogynous sex change on recovery of fish populations within marine protected areas. Ecol Appl 2020; 30:e02070. [PMID: 31903628 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly implemented as a conservation tool worldwide. In many cases, they are managed adaptively: the abundance of target species is monitored, and observations are compared to some model-based expectation for the trajectory of population recovery to ensure that the MPA is achieving its goals. Most previous analyses of the transient (short-term) response of populations to the cessation of fishing inside MPAs have dealt only with gonochore (fixed-sex) species. However, many important fishery species are protogynous hermaphrodites (female-to-male sex-changing). Because size-selective harvest will predominantly target males in these species, harvesting not only reduces abundance but also skews the sex ratio toward females. Thus the response to MPA implementation will involve changes in both survival and sex ratio, and ultimately reproductive output. We used an age-structured model of a generic sex-changing fish population to compare transient population dynamics after MPA implementation to those of an otherwise similar gonochore population and examine how different features of sex-changing life history affect those dynamics. We examined both demographically open (most larval recruitment comes from outside the MPA) and demographically closed (most larval recruitment is locally produced) dynamics. Under both scenarios, population recovery of protogynous species takes longer when fishing was more intense pre-MPA (as in gonochores), but also depends heavily on the mating function, the degree to which the sex ratio affects reproduction. If few males are needed and reproduction is not affected by a highly female-biased sex ratio, then population recovery is much faster; if males are a limiting resource, then increases in abundance after MPA implementation are much slower than for gonochores. Unfortunately, the mating function is largely unknown for fishes. In general, we expect that most protogynous species with haremic mating systems will be in the first category (few males needed), though there is at least one example of a fish species (though not a sex-changing species) for which males are limiting. Thus a better understanding of the importance of male fish to population dynamics is needed for the adaptive management of MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Easter
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, 28403, USA
| | - M S Adreani
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, 91330, USA
| | - S L Hamilton
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, 95309, USA
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, 91330, USA
| | - S Pang
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, 95309, USA
| | - J W White
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, 28403, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, 97365, USA
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Jensen OC, Flores A, Baygi F, Bygvraa DA, Charalambous G. Follow-up of citations of maritime epidemiological injury studies. Int Marit Health 2020; 71:62-70. [PMID: 32212150 DOI: 10.5603/imh.2020.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The article is based on a review and follow-up of the citations of 13 epidemiological studies that aimed to improve maritime health and safety. While it's well-recognised that epidemiology is needed in occupational health and safety, the main research question: "How can epidemiology help workers to return healthy from the sea" was unanswered. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 13 articles were selected as a representative sample of different epidemiological design studies intended to contribute to improving safety management in fishing, merchant shipping and offshore industry. The PubMed, Research Gate, Cochrane-Library and Google Scholar were searched for authors that had cited our articles by using full bibliographic information and the results analysed. RESULTS In all, 213 citation records were identified. After duplicates and records with insufficient information were removed, 123 full-text articles were eligible for evaluation with answers to the research questions: how did other authors use the studies, how has the injury epidemiology been developed, which recommendations are given for new policies and new studies and how can epidemiology help workers return safe and healthy from the sea? CONCLUSIONS The answer to the main research question is yes, epidemiological studies are not only useful but a necessary component by providing the needed evidence for successful prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Chresten Jensen
- Centre of Maritime Health and Society, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, N Bohrs Vej, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark. .,Graduate School, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,School of Medicine, University of Panama.
| | - Agnes Flores
- Caja Seguro Social, Rep. of Panamá, Vacamonte, Panama
| | - Fereshteh Baygi
- Centre of Maritime Health and Society, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, N Bohrs Vej, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Despena Andrioti Bygvraa
- Centre of Maritime Health and Society, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, N Bohrs Vej, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
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Färber L, van Gemert R, Langangen Ø, Durant JM, Andersen KH. Population variability under stressors is dependent on body mass growth and asymptotic body size. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:192011. [PMID: 32257352 PMCID: PMC7062104 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment and biomass of a fish stock are influenced by their environmental conditions and anthropogenic pressures such as fishing. The variability in the environment often translates into fluctuations in recruitment, which then propagate throughout the stock biomass. In order to manage fish stocks sustainably, it is necessary to understand their dynamics. Here, we systematically explore the dynamics and sensitivity of fish stock recruitment and biomass to environmental noise. Using an age-structured and trait-based model, we explore random noise (white noise) and autocorrelated noise (red noise) in combination with low to high levels of harvesting. We determine the vital rates of stocks covering a wide range of possible body mass (size) growth rates and asymptotic size parameter combinations. Our study indicates that the variability of stock recruitment and biomass are probably correlated with the stock's asymptotic size and growth rate. We find that fast-growing and large-sized fish stocks are likely to be less vulnerable to disturbances than slow-growing and small-sized fish stocks. We show how the natural variability in fish stocks is amplified by fishing, not just for one stock but for a broad range of fish life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Färber
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rob van Gemert
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Øystein Langangen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joël M. Durant
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ken H. Andersen
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
Compared with terrestrial ecosystems, marine ecosystems have a higher proportion of heterotrophic biomass. Building from this observation, we define the North Atlantic biome as the region where the large, lipid-rich copepod Calanus finmarchicus is the dominant mesozooplankton species. This species is superbly adapted to take advantage of the intense pulse of productivity associated with the North Atlantic spring bloom. Most of the characteristic North Atlantic species, including cod, herring, and right whales, rely on C. finmarchicus either directly or indirectly. The notion of a biome rests inherently on an assumption of stability, yet conditions in the North Atlantic are anything but stable. Humans have reduced the abundance of many fish and whales (though some recovery is underway). Humans are also introducing physical and chemical trends associated with global climate change. Thus, the future of the North Atlantic depends on the biome's newest species, Homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Stamieszkin
- Virginia Institute for Marine Sciences, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA;
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Abstract
Salmon were among the first nonmodel species for which systematic population genetic studies of natural populations were conducted, often to support management and conservation. The genomics revolution has improved our understanding of the evolutionary ecology of salmon in two major ways: (a) Large increases in the numbers of genetic markers (from dozens to 104-106) provide greater power for traditional analyses, such as the delineation of population structure, hybridization, and population assignment, and (b) qualitatively new insights that were not possible with traditional genetic methods can be achieved by leveraging detailed information about the structure and function of the genome. Studies of the first type have been more common to date, largely because it has taken time for the necessary tools to be developed to fully understand the complex salmon genome. We expect that the next decade will witness many new studies that take full advantage of salmonid genomic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Waples
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA;
| | - Kerry A Naish
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5020, USA;
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Program and Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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Hawkins D, Roelofs C, Laing J, Davis L. Opioid-related overdose deaths by industry and occupation-Massachusetts, 2011-2015. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:815-825. [PMID: 31347714 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of people in the United States continue to die from opioid overdoses every year. Work-related injuries and other factors associated with work may increase exposure to opioids and, subsequently, opioid-related overdose deaths (OROD). This study sought to determine whether OROD rates differed by industry and occupation and explored work-related factors that might contribute to these differences. METHODS We coded industry and occupation information on death certificates for all OROD among Massachusetts residents from 2011 to 2015. We estimated rates of OROD by industry and occupation using Massachusetts employment data. National survey data were used to explore whether work-related factors known to vary by occupation (occupational injury and illness, job insecurity, and paid sick leave) correlate to observed differences in OROD. RESULTS Several industries and occupation groups had rates of OROD that were significantly higher than the rates for other workers. Construction workers and fishing workers stood out for having OROD rates many times higher than the average for all workers. Occupation groups with high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses, high job insecurity, and low availability of paid sick leave had higher rates of OROD. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need for policy and educational interventions to reduce OROD tailored to the needs of high rate worker populations. Interventions should address workplace hazards that cause injuries for which opioids are prescribed, as well as best practices in medical management and return to work following injury, safer prescribing, enhanced access to treatment for opioid use disorders, and overdose prevention education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Hawkins
- College of Arts and Sciences, Public Health ProgramMCPHS University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Cora Roelofs
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts
| | - James Laing
- Massachusetts Department of Public HealthOccupational Health Surveillance Program Boston Massachusetts
| | - Letitia Davis
- Massachusetts Department of Public HealthOccupational Health Surveillance Program Boston Massachusetts
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Sandsund M, Øren A, Thorvaldsen T, Holmen I, Sønvisen S, Heidelberg CT, Aasmoe L. Musculoskeletal symptoms among workers in the commercial fishing fleet of Norway. Int Marit Health 2019; 70:100-106. [PMID: 31237669 DOI: 10.5603/imh.2019.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fishers exposed to unfavourable environmental conditions may suffer negative health ef- fects. This study aimed to identify musculoskeletal symptoms in professional fishers in Norway using data from several sources; register data, telephone survey and questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS Professional fishers (n = 25,971) registered in the period 2008-2013 were selected by Statistics Norway (SSB). An age- and gender-matched control population (n = 77,913) was also selected. Outpatient consultation and hospitalisation data were received from the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR). To obtain information about self-reported symptoms, 832 registered fishers on board Norwegian fishing vessels were interviewed by telephone, and a questionnaire was distributed to the crews of 5 trawlers (n = 153). RESULTS Data from NPR showed that fishers, compared to the control population, suffered significantly more acute incidents related to musculoskeletal disorders (5.4% vs. 4.8%, respectively), injuries to arms (11.3% vs. 9.8%), feet (8.4% vs. 8%), and back (0.9% vs. 0.7%). In the telephone survey, 61% and 43% reported that they performed monotonous work operations and heavy lifting often or very often, respec- tively. Thirty-three per cent had experienced pain in neck/shoulders/arms often or very often during the previous 12 months, and 93% believed this was fully or partly due to their work situation. The questionnaire among trawler crew members showed that 57% and 60% had experienced stiffness and/or pain in neck/ /shoulders and lower back/small of the back respectively during the previous 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Data from the register study, telephone survey and questionnaire all confirmed that musculo- skeletal problems are common among fishers and related to their work situation. However, 77% of the fishers in all vessel groups and on board the 5 trawlers reported their own health as being very good or good.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecilie Thon Heidelberg
- University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine/ /The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Aasmoe
- University Hospital of North Norway, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine/ /The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Tromsø, Norway
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Bonwitt J, Tran M, Droz A, Gonzalez A, Glover WA. Psychrobacter sanguinis Wound Infection Associated with Marine Environment Exposure, Washington, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1942-1944. [PMID: 30226173 PMCID: PMC6154140 DOI: 10.3201/eid2410.171821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 26-year-old man with Psychrobacter sanguinis cellulitis of a wound sustained during ocean fishing in Washington, USA, in 2017. Psychrobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens found in a wide range of environments. Clinicians should be aware of Psychrobacter spp. and perform 16S rRNA sequencing if this pathogen is suspected.
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43
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Vajdic T, Bergmann KR, Zagel A, Ortega H. Fishing-Related Injuries Among Pediatric Patients Treated in United States Emergency Departments, 1997 to 2016. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2018; 57:1656-1663. [PMID: 30282474 DOI: 10.1177/0009922818803406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 14.8 million youth under the age of 25 years participate in recreational fishing. Despite its popularity, fishing can be associated with injuries ranging from mild to severe trauma. There is a paucity of research available that describes characteristics of fishing-related injuries among youth. We examined the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System 1997-2016 to describe injury patterns by age and sex. Linear regressions estimated changes in injuries over time. There were an estimated 412 171 pediatric patients treated in US emergency departments for fishing-related injuries. The majority of injuries occurred in males (81.4% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.3-82.6]) and in youth ages 11 to 18 years (53.7% [95% CI: 51.0-56.5]). Injuries were most likely due to hooks and lures (79.7% [95% CI: 75.7-83.7]), and the arm/hand accounted for 43.9% of injuries (95% CI: 42.5-45.2). Based on these findings, we suggest that injury prevention efforts should be focused on older male children and wearing appropriate clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Vajdic
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelly R Bergmann
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alicia Zagel
- 2 Children's Research Institute, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Henry Ortega
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Abstract
The incidental capture of cetaceans and other protected marine wildlife in fishing gear has significant welfare implications. Many thousands of cetaceans are bycaught in fishing gear in European waters and hundreds of thousands die globally. We can expect many more to survive, but suffer from such interactions. As marine policy focuses on "population level" impact assessments and "sustainability" of fishing to preserve fish populations, the impacts to the bycaught individual, and their wider social group, are often largely underestimated, despite the large numbers affected. The wide range of recorded injuries, including abrasions, cuts, bruising, and broken bones, along with the potential for panic associated with forced submersion, indicate that the welfare of bycaught cetaceans is, individually and collectively, very poor. Commercial fishing is the last human activity targeting wildlife (fish) on a grand scale where slaughter includes incidental killing of other large sapient wildlife on such a regular basis. Here, we review the compelling evidence of the short and long term welfare impacts of bycatch, and the progress made toward implementation of measures to understand and solve this significant welfare issue. We argue that policy decisions surrounding fishing do not adequately consider cetacean bycatch, including welfare impacts. Ultimately, there are welfare issues in all bycatch situations and suffering cannot plausibly be reduced without preventing bycatch. The well-documented welfare implications provide a strong argument for zero tolerance of cetacean bycatch and provide a compelling case for immediate action in fisheries where bycatch is taking place. The only way to reduce the suffering of bycaught cetaceans is to decrease, or ideally eliminate, the number of animals caught in fishing gear. Uncertainties around the scale of bycatch should not delay management, even where individual bycatch estimates are considered "sustainable." Lack of monitoring of sub-lethal impacts on populations may result in flawed impact assessments. We urge that animal welfare considerations should become an integral part of management decision-making in relation to bycatch globally. Enhanced, robust and transparent management systems are urgently required for the range of fisheries within which cetacean bycatch occurs, with the aim to better document and most importantly, work toward eliminating cetacean bycatch altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Dolman
- Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC), Chippenham, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Brakes
- Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC), Chippenham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
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45
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Cheung WWL, Jones MC, Reygondeau G, Frölicher TL. Opportunities for climate-risk reduction through effective fisheries management. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:5149-5163. [PMID: 30141269 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Risk of impact of marine fishes to fishing and climate change (including ocean acidification) depend on the species' ecological and biological characteristics, as well as their exposure to over-exploitation and climate hazards. These human-induced hazards should be considered concurrently in conservation risk assessment. In this study, we aim to examine the combined contributions of climate change and fishing to the risk of impacts of exploited fishes, and the scope for climate-risk reduction from fisheries management. We combine fuzzy logic expert system with species distribution modeling to assess the extinction risks of climate and fishing impacts of 825 exploited marine fish species across the global ocean. We compare our calculated risk index with extinction risk of marine species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Our results show that 60% (499 species) of the assessed species are projected to experience very high risk from both overfishing and climate change under a "business-as-usual" scenario (RCP 8.5 with current status of fisheries) by 2050. The risk index is significantly and positively related to level of IUCN extinction risk (ordinal logistic regression, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the regression model predicts species with very high risk index would have at least one in five (>20%) chance of having high extinction risk in the next few decades (equivalent to the IUCN categories of vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered). Areas with more at-risk species to climate change are in tropical and subtropical oceans, while those that are at risk to fishing are distributed more broadly, with higher concentration of at-risk species in North Atlantic and South Pacific Ocean. The number of species with high extinction risk would decrease by 63% under the sustainable fisheries-low emission scenario relative to the "business-as-usual" scenario. This study highlights the substantial opportunities for climate-risk reduction through effective fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miranda C Jones
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas L Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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46
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Wood CL, Zgliczynski BJ, Haupt AJ, Guerra AS, Micheli F, Sandin SA. Human impacts decouple a fundamental ecological relationship-The positive association between host diversity and parasite diversity. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3666-3679. [PMID: 29781155 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human impacts on ecosystems can decouple the fundamental ecological relationships that create patterns of diversity in free-living species. Despite the abundance, ubiquity, and ecological importance of parasites, it is unknown whether the same decoupling effects occur for parasitic species. We investigated the influence of fishing on the relationship between host diversity and parasite diversity for parasites of coral reef fishes on three fished and three unfished islands in the central equatorial Pacific. Fishing was associated with a shallowing of the positive host-diversity-parasite-diversity relationship. This occurred primarily through negative impacts of fishing on the presence of complex life-cycle parasites, which created a biologically impoverished parasite fauna of directly transmitted parasites resilient to changes in host biodiversity. Parasite diversity appears to be decoupled from host diversity by fishing impacts in this coral reef ecosystem, which suggests that such decoupling might also occur for parasites in other ecosystems affected by environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian J Zgliczynski
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alison J Haupt
- School of Natural Sciences, California State University Monterey Bay, Marina, California
| | - Ana Sofía Guerra
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California
| | - Stuart A Sandin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Bodmer R, Mayor P, Antunez M, Chota K, Fang T, Puertas P, Pittet M, Kirkland M, Walkey M, Rios C, Perez-Peña P, Henderson P, Bodmer W, Bicerra A, Zegarra J, Docherty E. Major shifts in Amazon wildlife populations from recent intensification of floods and drought. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:333-344. [PMID: 28766738 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the western Amazon Basin, recent intensification of river-level cycles has increased flooding during the wet seasons and decreased precipitation during the dry season. Greater than normal floods occurred in 2009 and in all years from 2011 to 2015 during high-water seasons, and a drought occurred during the 2010 low-water season. During these years, we surveyed populations of terrestrial, arboreal, and aquatic wildlife in a seasonally flooded Amazonian forest in the Loreto region of Peru (99,780 km2 ) to study the effects of intensification of natural climatic fluctuations on wildlife populations and in turn effects on resource use by local people. Shifts in fish and terrestrial mammal populations occurred during consecutive years of high floods and the drought of 2010. As floods intensified, terrestrial mammal populations decreased by 95%. Fish, waterfowl, and otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) abundances increased during years of intensive floods, whereas river dolphin and caiman populations had stable abundances. Arboreal species, including, macaws, game birds, primates, felids, and other arboreal mammals had stable populations and were not affected directly by high floods. The drought of 2010 had the opposite effect: fish, waterfowl, and dolphin populations decreased, and populations of terrestrial and arboreal species remained stable. Ungulates and large rodents are important sources of food and income for local people, and large declines in these animals has shifted resource use of people living in the flooded forests away from hunting to a greater reliance on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bodmer
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pedro Mayor
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miguel Antunez
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Kimberlyn Chota
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tula Fang
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pablo Puertas
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Marlini Pittet
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom
| | - Maire Kirkland
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Mike Walkey
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NS, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Rios
- Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Jorge Chávez No. 930-942 - Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pedro Perez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. José A. Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Peter Henderson
- PISCES Conservation Ltd., IRC House, Pennington, Hants SO41 8GN, United Kingdom
| | - William Bodmer
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Andy Bicerra
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Joseph Zegarra
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Emma Docherty
- FundAmazonia, Museum of Amazonian Indigenous Cultures, 332 Malecon Tarapaca, Iquitos, Peru
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48
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Hollins J, Thambithurai D, Koeck B, Crespel A, Bailey DM, Cooke SJ, Lindström J, Parsons KJ, Killen SS. A physiological perspective on fisheries-induced evolution. Evol Appl 2018; 11:561-576. [PMID: 29875803 PMCID: PMC5978952 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that intense fishing pressure is not only depleting fish stocks but also causing evolutionary changes to fish populations. In particular, body size and fecundity in wild fish populations may be altered in response to the high and often size‐selective mortality exerted by fisheries. While these effects can have serious consequences for the viability of fish populations, there are also a range of traits not directly related to body size which could also affect susceptibility to capture by fishing gears—and therefore fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE)—but which have to date been ignored. For example, overlooked within the context of FIE is the likelihood that variation in physiological traits could make some individuals within species more vulnerable to capture. Specifically, traits related to energy balance (e.g., metabolic rate), swimming performance (e.g., aerobic scope), neuroendocrinology (e.g., stress responsiveness) and sensory physiology (e.g., visual acuity) are especially likely to influence vulnerability to capture through a variety of mechanisms. Selection on these traits could produce major shifts in the physiological traits within populations in response to fishing pressure that are yet to be considered but which could influence population resource requirements, resilience, species’ distributions and responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hollins
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Davide Thambithurai
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Amelie Crespel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - David M Bailey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Jan Lindström
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Kevin J Parsons
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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Masterson EA, Themann CL, Calvert GM. Prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers within the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting sector, 2003-2012. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:42-50. [PMID: 29152771 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed US workers within the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting (AFFH) sector. METHODS Audiograms for 1.4 million workers (17 299 within AFFH) from 2003 to 2012 were examined. Prevalence, and the adjusted risk for hearing loss as compared with the reference industry (Couriers and Messengers), were estimated. RESULTS The overall AFFH sector prevalence was 15% compared to 19% for all industries combined, but many of the AFFH sub-sectors exceeded the overall prevalence. Forestry sub-sector prevalences were highest with Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products at 36% and Timber Tract Operations at 22%. The Aquaculture sub-sector had the highest adjusted risk of all AFFH sub-sectors (PR = 1.70; CI = 1.42-2.04). CONCLUSIONS High risk industries within the AFFH sector need continued hearing conservation efforts. Barriers to hearing loss prevention and early detection of hearing loss need to be recognized and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Masterson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Christa L. Themann
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Geoffrey M. Calvert
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Cincinnati Ohio
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50
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Lucas DL, Case SL. Work-related mortality in the US fishing industry during 2000-2014: New findings based on improved workforce exposure estimates. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:21-31. [PMID: 28833290 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial fishing is a global industry that has been frequently classified as high-risk. The use of detailed surveillance data is critical in identifying hazards. METHODS The purpose of this study was to provide updated statistics for the entire US fishing industry during 2010-2014, generate fleet-specific fatality rates using a revised calculation of full-time equivalent estimates, and examine changes in the patterns of fatalities and in risk over a 15-year period (2000-2014). RESULTS During 2010-2014, 188 commercial fishing fatalities occurred in the United States. Vessel disasters and falls overboard remain leading contributors to commercial fishing deaths. The Atlantic scallop fleet stands out for achieving substantial declines in the risk of fatalities over the 15-year study period. However, fatality rates ranged from 21 to 147 deaths per 100 000 FTEs, many times higher than the rate for all US workers. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of fatalities among commercial fishermen in the United States has generally declined since 2000, commercial fishing continues to have one of the highest occupational fatality rates in the United States. The sustainable seafood movement could assist in improving the health and safety of fishing industry workers if worker well-being was integrated into the definition of sustainable seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin L. Lucas
- Western States Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Anchorage Alaska
| | - Samantha L. Case
- Western States Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Anchorage Alaska
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