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Powell P, Pätzold F, Rouygari M, Furtak M, Kärcher SM, König P. Helping Blind People Grasp: Evaluating a Tactile Bracelet for Remotely Guiding Grasping Movements. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2949. [PMID: 38733054 PMCID: PMC11086327 DOI: 10.3390/s24092949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The problem of supporting visually impaired and blind people in meaningful interactions with objects is often neglected. To address this issue, we adapted a tactile belt for enhanced spatial navigation into a bracelet worn on the wrist that allows visually impaired people to grasp target objects. Participants' performance in locating and grasping target items when guided using the bracelet, which provides direction commands via vibrotactile signals, was compared to their performance when receiving auditory instructions. While participants were faster with the auditory commands, they also performed well with the bracelet, encouraging future development of this system and similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper Powell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany (F.P.); (M.R.); (S.M.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Florian Pätzold
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany (F.P.); (M.R.); (S.M.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Milad Rouygari
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany (F.P.); (M.R.); (S.M.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Marcin Furtak
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany (F.P.); (M.R.); (S.M.K.); (P.K.)
- FeelSpace GmbH, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Silke M. Kärcher
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany (F.P.); (M.R.); (S.M.K.); (P.K.)
- FeelSpace GmbH, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany (F.P.); (M.R.); (S.M.K.); (P.K.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Schönherr R, Boger J, Lahey-Rudolph JM, Harms M, Kaiser J, Nachtschatt S, Wobbe M, Duden R, König P, Bourenkov G, Schneider TR, Redecke L. A streamlined approach to structure elucidation using in cellulo crystallized recombinant proteins, InCellCryst. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1709. [PMID: 38402242 PMCID: PMC10894269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advent of serial X-ray crystallography on microfocus beamlines at free-electron laser and synchrotron facilities, the demand for protein microcrystals has significantly risen in recent years. However, by in vitro crystallization extensive efforts are usually required to purify proteins and produce sufficiently homogeneous microcrystals. Here, we present InCellCryst, an advanced pipeline for producing homogeneous microcrystals directly within living insect cells. Our baculovirus-based cloning system enables the production of crystals from completely native proteins as well as the screening of different cellular compartments to maximize chances for protein crystallization. By optimizing cloning procedures, recombinant virus production, crystallization and crystal detection, X-ray diffraction data can be collected 24 days after the start of target gene cloning. Furthermore, improved strategies for serial synchrotron diffraction data collection directly from crystals within living cells abolish the need to purify the recombinant protein or the associated microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schönherr
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juliane Boger
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J Mia Lahey-Rudolph
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Hamburg, Germany
- X-ray technology lab, TH Lübeck - University of Applied Sciences Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Harms
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Marla Wobbe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rainer Duden
- Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gleb Bourenkov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas R Schneider
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Redecke
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
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Akbarzadeh R, Czyz C, Thomsen SY, Schilf P, Murthy S, Sadik CD, König P. Monocyte populations are involved in the pathogenesis of experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241461. [PMID: 38116004 PMCID: PMC10728641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of most inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Herein, different subpopulations of monocytes often play differential, partially antagonistic roles, in the regulation of tissue populations. Pemphigoid diseases constitute a group of autoimmune blistering skin diseases featuring a marked infiltration of the dermis with immune cells, including monocytes. The monocyte subsets infiltrating the skin, however, have largely remained elusive. Monocyte adhesion and recruitment into the inflamed tissues are regulated by chemokine receptors, most prominently by CCR2 and CX3CR1. To delineate the involvement of monocyte populations in autoimmune blistering skin diseases, we spatiotemporally monitored the dynamic spectrum of monocyte populations that infiltrate the inflamed skin using multiphoton intravital imaging and reporter mice for chemokine receptors. Experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) was induced by injection of anti-murine type VII collagen (amCOLVII) IgG into the Csf1rEGFP-reporter mice, where circulating myeloid cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils, express an EGFP. EGFP+ cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, were present in the skin, immediately after the deposition of the amCOLVII antibody at the dermal-epidermal junction. To investigate the recruitment and involvement of different monocyte-derived cell populations in the disease course further, EBA was induced in CCR2RFP/+-reporter and CX3CR1GFP/+-reporter mice. A comparable distribution of red fluorescent protein (RFP)+ or green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ was found in both diseased mice and their respective controls over time, indicating the similar recruitment of monocytes into the skin following the binding of autoantibodies. Experiments were extended to the CCR2RFP/RFP-deficient and CX3CR1GFP/GFP-deficient mice to determine whether monocyte recruitment and disease severity are compromised in the absence of the receptor. A comparable pattern was seen in the recruitment of monocytes into the skin in both reporter and deficient mice. However, in contrast to similar disease severity between CX3CR1-deficient and reporter mice, CCR2-deficient mice developed significantly less disease than CCR2-reporter mice, as indicated by the percentage of affected area of ears. Collectively, our observations indicate that while CCR2 and CX3CR1 receptors are not involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the skin, CCR2 deficiency is associated with improved disease outcomes in experimental EBA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Akbarzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Sarah-Yasmin Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Schilf
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sripriya Murthy
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D. Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Kaduk T, Goeke C, Finger H, König P. Webcam eye tracking close to laboratory standards: Comparing a new webcam-based system and the EyeLink 1000. Behav Res Methods 2023:10.3758/s13428-023-02237-8. [PMID: 37821751 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to compare a new webcam-based eye-tracking system, integrated into the Labvanced platform for online experiments, to a "gold standard" lab-based eye tracker (EyeLink 1000 - SR Research). Specifically, we simultaneously recorded data with both eye trackers in five different tasks, analyzing their real-time performance. These tasks were a subset of a standardized test battery for eye trackers, including a Large Grid task, Smooth Pursuit eye movements, viewing natural images, and two Head Movements tasks (roll, yaw). The results show that the webcam-based system achieved an overall accuracy of 1.4°, and a precision of 1.1° (standard deviation (SD) across subjects), an error of about 0.5° larger than the EyeLink system. Interestingly, both accuracy (1.3°) and precision (0.9°) were slightly better for centrally presented targets, the region of interest in many psychophysical experiments. Remarkably, the correlation of raw gaze samples between the EyeLink and webcam-based was at about 90% for the Large Grid task and about 80% for Free View and Smooth Pursuit. Overall, these results put the performance of the webcam-based system roughly on par with mobile eye-tracking devices (Ehinger et al. PeerJ, 7, e7086, 2019; Tonsen et al., 2020) and demonstrate substantial improvement compared to existing webcam eye-tracking solutions (Papoutsaki et al., 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiasz Kaduk
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Research and Development Division, Scicovery GmbH, Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Caspar Goeke
- Research and Development Division, Scicovery GmbH, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Holger Finger
- Research and Development Division, Scicovery GmbH, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wahn B, König P, Kingstone A. Predicting group benefits in joint multiple object tracking : Predicting group benefits. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:1962-1975. [PMID: 37410254 PMCID: PMC10545603 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-023-02693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In everyday life, people often work together to accomplish a joint goal. Working together is often beneficial as it can result in a higher performance compared to working alone - a so-called "group benefit". While several factors influencing group benefits have been investigated in a range of tasks, to date, they have not been examined collectively with an integrative statistical approach such as linear modeling. To address this gap in the literature, we investigated several factors that are highly relevant for group benefits (i.e., task feedback, information about the co-actor's actions, the similarity in the individual performances, and personality traits) and used these factors as predictors in a linear model to predict group benefits in a joint multiple object tracking (MOT) task. In the joint MOT task, pairs of participants jointly tracked the movements of target objects among distractor objects and, depending on the experiment, either received group performance feedback, individual performance feedback, information about the group member's performed actions, or a combination of these types of information. We found that predictors collectively account for half of the variance and make non-redundant contributions towards predicting group benefits, suggesting that they independently influence group benefits. The model also accurately predicts group benefits, suggesting that it could be used to anticipate group benefits for individuals that have not yet performed a joint task together. Given that the investigated factors are relevant for other joint tasks, our model provides a first step towards developing a more general model for predicting group benefits across several shared tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Wahn
- Institute of Educational Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alan Kingstone
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Plotzky C, Loessl B, Kuhnert B, Friedrich N, Kugler C, König P, Kunze C. My hands are running away - learning a complex nursing skill via virtual reality simulation: a randomised mixed methods study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:222. [PMID: 37370124 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical skills training is an essential component of nursing education. However, sometimes education does not sufficiently prepare nurses for the real world. Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative method to complement existing learning strategies, yet few studies investigate its effectiveness. This study compared educational outcomes achieved by three groups learning with either of two different VR simulation variants, with varying technological features, or a video training on the endotracheal suctioning skill. METHODS The investigated outcomes were knowledge and skill acquisition, learner satisfaction, and technology acceptance. 131 undergraduate nursing students were randomised into three groups, based on the interventions they received. Knowledge was assessed through a pre-post-test design, skill through a post-intervention objective structured clinical examination on a manikin, learning satisfaction and technology acceptance through standardised questionnaires, and qualitative feedback through focus groups. RESULTS All interventions led to a significant knowledge acquisition, with no significant difference between the groups. The video intervention group performed significantly better than the VR groups in skill demonstration. One of the two VR intervention groups had a significantly higher learner satisfaction than the video group. Technology acceptance was high for both VR groups, with the simpler VR simulation resulting in higher technology acceptance than the one with more experimental features. Students described the VR experience as realistic, interactive, and immersive, and saw the opportunity to practise skills in a safe environment, learn from mistakes, and increase knowledge and confidence. CONCLUSIONS For the development of VR trainings, we recommend keeping them simple and targeting a specific educational outcome since trying to optimise for multiple outcomes is resource intensive and hard to achieve. Psychomotor skills were easier for participants to learn by watching a video on the procedure rather than practically learning it with the VR hardware, which is a more abstract representation of reality. We therefore recommend using VR as a complementing resource to skills labs, rather than replacing existing learning strategies. Perhaps VR is not ideal for practising practical psychomotor skills at the moment, but it can increase knowledge, satisfaction, motivation, confidence and prepare for further practical training. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Plotzky
- Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Loessl
- Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Discipline of Nursing, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Barbara Kuhnert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Friedrich
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Kugler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nursing Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Christophe Kunze
- Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany
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Aue A, Englert N, Harrer L, Schwiering F, Gaab A, König P, Adams R, Schmidtko A, Friebe A, Groneberg D. NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase discriminates pericyte-derived interstitial from intra-alveolar myofibroblasts in murine pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:167. [PMID: 37349733 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin of αSMA-positive myofibroblasts, key players within organ fibrosis, is still not fully elucidated. Pericytes have been discussed as myofibroblast progenitors in several organs including the lung. METHODS Using tamoxifen-inducible PDGFRβ-tdTomato mice (PDGFRβ-CreERT2; R26tdTomato) lineage of lung pericytes was traced. To induce lung fibrosis, a single orotracheal dose of bleomycin was given. Lung tissue was investigated by immunofluorescence analyses, hydroxyproline collagen assay and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Lineage tracing combined with immunofluorescence for nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) as marker for PDGFRβ-positive pericytes allows differentiating two types of αSMA-expressing myofibroblasts in murine pulmonary fibrosis: (1) interstitial myofibroblasts that localize in the alveolar wall, derive from PDGFRβ+ pericytes, express NO-GC and produce collagen 1. (2) intra-alveolar myofibroblasts which do not derive from pericytes (but express PDGFRβ de novo after injury), are negative for NO-GC, have a large multipolar shape and appear to spread over several alveoli within the injured areas. Moreover, NO-GC expression is reduced during fibrosis, i.e., after pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition. CONCLUSION In summary, αSMA/PDGFRβ-positive myofibroblasts should not be addressed as a homogeneous target cell type within pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Aue
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Schmerzmedizin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Englert
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leon Harrer
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schwiering
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annika Gaab
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institut für Anatomie, Zentrum für Medizinische Struktur- und Zellbiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
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Wilburn AN, McAlees JW, Haslam DB, Graspeuntner S, Schmudde I, Laumonnier Y, Rupp J, Chougnet CA, Deshmukh H, Zacharias WJ, König P, Lewkowich IP. Delayed Microbial Maturation Durably Exacerbates Th17-driven Asthma in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:498-510. [PMID: 36622830 PMCID: PMC10174167 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0367oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial maturation disrupted by early-life dysbiosis has been linked with increased asthma risk and severity; however, the immunological mechanisms underpinning this connection are poorly understood. We sought to understand how delaying microbial maturation drives worsened asthma outcomes later in life and its long-term durability. Drinking water was supplemented with antibiotics on Postnatal Days 10-20. To assess the immediate and long-term effects of delaying microbial maturation on experimental asthma, we initiated house dust mite exposure when bacterial diversity was either at a minimum or had recovered. Airway hyperresponsiveness, histology, pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, flow cytometric analysis of cytokine-producing lymphocytes, and assessment of serum IgG1 (Immunoglobulin G1) and IgE (Immunoglobulin E) concentrations were performed. RT-PCR was used to measure IL-13 (Interleukin 13)-induced gene expression in sequentially sorted mesenchymal, epithelial, endothelial, and leukocyte cell populations from the lung. Delayed microbial maturation increased allergen-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and Th17 frequency compared with allergen-exposed control mice, even when allergen exposure began after bacterial diversity recovered. Blockade of IL-17A (Interleukin 17A) reversed the airway hyperresponsiveness phenotype. In addition, allergen exposure in animals that experienced delayed microbial maturation showed signs of synergistic signaling between IL-13 and IL-17A in the pulmonary mesenchymal compartment. Delaying microbial maturation in neonates promotes the development of more severe asthma by increasing Th17 frequency, even if allergen exposure is initiated weeks after microbial diversity is normalized. In addition, IL-17A-aggravated asthma is associated with increased expression of IL-13-induced genes in mesenchymal, but not epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute of Anatomy, and
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Immunobiology
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, and
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Immunobiology
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Schmidt V, König SU, Dilawar R, Sánchez Pacheco T, König P. Improved Spatial Knowledge Acquisition through Sensory Augmentation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050720. [PMID: 37239192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory augmentation provides novel opportunities to broaden our knowledge of human perception through external sensors that record and transmit information beyond natural perception. To assess whether such augmented senses affect the acquisition of spatial knowledge during navigation, we trained a group of 27 participants for six weeks with an augmented sense for cardinal directions called the feelSpace belt. Then, we recruited a control group that did not receive the augmented sense and the corresponding training. All 53 participants first explored the Westbrook virtual reality environment for two and a half hours spread over five sessions before assessing their spatial knowledge in four immersive virtual reality tasks measuring cardinal, route, and survey knowledge. We found that the belt group acquired significantly more accurate cardinal and survey knowledge, which was measured in pointing accuracy, distance, and rotation estimates. Interestingly, the augmented sense also positively affected route knowledge, although to a lesser degree. Finally, the belt group reported a significant increase in the use of spatial strategies after training, while the groups' ratings were comparable at baseline. The results suggest that six weeks of training with the feelSpace belt led to improved survey and route knowledge acquisition. Moreover, the findings of our study could inform the development of assistive technologies for individuals with visual or navigational impairments, which may lead to enhanced navigation skills and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Schmidt
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sabine U König
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rabia Dilawar
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tracy Sánchez Pacheco
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Neurobiopsychology Group, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Keshava A, Gottschewsky N, Balle S, Nezami FN, Schüler T, König P. ACTION AFFORDANCE AFFECTS PROXIMAL AND DISTAL GOAL-ORIENTED PLANNING. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1546-1560. [PMID: 36918400 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Visual attention is mainly goal-directed and allocated based on the upcoming action. However, it is unclear how far this feature of gaze behavior generalizes in more naturalistic settings. The present study investigates the influence of action affordances on active inference processes revealed by eye movements during interaction with familiar and novel tools. In a between-subject design, a cohort of participants interacted with a VR controller in a low-realism environment; another performed the task with an interaction setup that allowed differentiated hand and finger movements in a high-realism environment. We investigated the differences in odds of fixations and their eccentricity towards the tool parts before action initiation. The results show that participants fixate more on the tool's effector part before action initiation when asked to produce tool-specific movements, especially with unfamiliar tools. These findings suggest that fixations are made in a task-oriented way to plan the distal goals of producing the task and tool-specific actions well before action initiation. Moreover, with more realistic action affordance, fixations were biased toward the tool handle when it was oriented incongruent with the subjects' handedness. We hypothesize that these fixations are made towards the proximal goal of planning the grasp even though the perceived action on the tools is identical for both experimental setups. Taken together, proximal and distal goal-oriented planning is contextualized to the realism of action/interaction afforded by an environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter König
- University of Osnabrück, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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11
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Wiese AV, Duhn J, Korkmaz RÜ, Quell KM, Osman I, Ender F, Schröder T, Lewkowich I, Hogan S, Huber-Lang M, Gumprecht F, König P, Köhl J, Laumonnier Y. C5aR1 activation in mice controls inflammatory eosinophil recruitment and functions in allergic asthma. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36757006 DOI: 10.1111/all.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary eosinophils comprise at least two distinct populations of resident eosinophils (rEOS) and inflammatory eosinophils (iEOS), the latter recruited in response to pulmonary inflammation. Here, we determined the impact of complement activation on rEOS and iEOS trafficking and function in two models of pulmonary inflammation. METHODS BALB/c wild-type and C5ar1-/- mice were exposed to different allergens or IL-33. Eosinophil populations in the airways, lung, or mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) were characterized by FACS or immunohistochemistry. rEOS and iEOS functions were determined in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS HDM and IL-33 exposure induced a strong accumulation of iEOS but not rEOS in the airways, lungs, and mLNs. rEOS and iEOS expressed C3/C5 and C5aR1, which were significantly higher in iEOS. Initial pulmonary trafficking of iEOS was markedly reduced in C5ar1-/- mice and associated with less IL-5 production from ILC2 cells. Functionally, adoptively transferred pulmonary iEOS from WT but not from C5ar1-/- mice-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), which was associated with significantly reduced C5ar1-/- iEOS degranulation. Pulmonary iEOS but not rEOS were frequently associated with T cells in lung tissue. After HDM or IL-33 exposure, iEOS but not rEOS were found in mLNs, which were significantly reduced in C5ar1-/- mice. C5ar1-/- iEOS expressed less costimulatory molecules, associated with a decreased potency to drive antigen-specific T cell proliferation and differentiation into memory T cells. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered novel roles for C5aR1 in iEOS trafficking and activation, which affects key aspects of allergic inflammation such as AHR, ILC2, and T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Wiese
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jannis Duhn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabia Ülkü Korkmaz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina M Quell
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Osman
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Torsten Schröder
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein & University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Simon Hogan
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Peter König
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein & University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Gert AL, Ehinger BV, Timm S, Kietzmann TC, König P. WildLab: A naturalistic free viewing experiment reveals previously unknown electroencephalography signatures of face processing. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6022-6038. [PMID: 36113866 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms of face perception are predominantly studied in well-controlled experimental settings that involve random stimulus sequences and fixed eye positions. Although powerful, the employed paradigms are far from what constitutes natural vision. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of ecologically more valid experimental paradigms using natural viewing behaviour, by combining a free viewing paradigm on natural scenes, free of photographer bias, with advanced data processing techniques that correct for overlap effects and co-varying non-linear dependencies of multiple eye movement parameters. We validate this approach by replicating classic N170 effects in neural responses, triggered by fixation onsets (fixation event-related potentials [fERPs]). Importantly, besides finding a strong correlation between both experiments, our more natural stimulus paradigm yielded smaller variability between subjects than the classic setup. Moving beyond classic temporal and spatial effect locations, our experiment furthermore revealed previously unknown signatures of face processing: This includes category-specific modulation of the event-related potential (ERP)'s amplitude even before fixation onset, as well as adaptation effects across subsequent fixations depending on their history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gert
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Benedikt V Ehinger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Silja Timm
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tim C Kietzmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Ohmer X, Marino M, Franke M, König P. Mutual influence between language and perception in multi-agent communication games. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010658. [PMID: 36315590 PMCID: PMC9648844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Language interfaces with many other cognitive domains. This paper explores how interactions at these interfaces can be studied with deep learning methods, focusing on the relation between language emergence and visual perception. To model the emergence of language, a sender and a receiver agent are trained on a reference game. The agents are implemented as deep neural networks, with dedicated vision and language modules. Motivated by the mutual influence between language and perception in cognition, we apply systematic manipulations to the agents’ (i) visual representations, to analyze the effects on emergent communication, and (ii) communication protocols, to analyze the effects on visual representations. Our analyses show that perceptual biases shape semantic categorization and communicative content. Conversely, if the communication protocol partitions object space along certain attributes, agents learn to represent visual information about these attributes more accurately, and the representations of communication partners align. Finally, an evolutionary analysis suggests that visual representations may be shaped in part to facilitate the communication of environmentally relevant distinctions. Aside from accounting for co-adaptation effects between language and perception, our results point out ways to modulate and improve visual representation learning and emergent communication in artificial agents. Language is grounded in the world and used to coordinate and achieve common objectives. We simulate grounded, interactive language use with a communication game. A sender refers to an object in the environment and if the receiver selects the correct object both agents are rewarded. By practicing the game, the agents develop their own communication protocol. We use this setup to study interactions between emerging language and visual perception. Agents are implemented as neural networks with dedicated vision modules to process images of objects. By manipulating their visual representations we can show how variations in perception are reflected in linguistic variations. Conversely, we demonstrate that differences in language are reflected in the agents’ visual representations. Our simulations mirror several empirically observed phenomena: labels for concrete objects and properties (e.g., “striped”, “bowl”) group together visually similar objects, object representations adapt to the categories imposed by language, and representational spaces between communication partners align. In addition, an evolutionary analysis suggests that visual representations may be shaped, in part, to facilitate communication about environmentally relevant information. In sum, we use communication games with neural network agents to model co-adaptation effects between language and visual perception. Future work could apply this computational framework to other interfaces between language and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Ohmer
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Marino
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Franke
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Linguistics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Haeger SC, Kridin K, Pieper M, Griewahn L, Nimmerjahn F, Zillikens D, König P, Ludwig RJ, Hundt JE. Therapeutic effects of Fc gamma RIV inhibition are mediated by selectively blocking immune complex-induced neutrophil activation in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938306. [PMID: 36311755 PMCID: PMC9606225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a subepidermal autoimmune bullous disease caused by autoantibodies targeting type VII collagen (COL7). It is characterized by inflammation and subepidermal blistering mainly through immune complex (IC)-mediated activation of neutrophils. In experimental EBA, binding of neutrophils to ICs in the skin and induction of clinical disease depends on the expression of the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IV. As activating FcγR mediate both neutrophil extravasation and activation, we used multiphoton imaging to obtain further insights into the mechanistic contribution of FcγRIV in the pathogenesis of EBA. First, we demonstrated that blocking FcγRIV function completely protects LysM-eGFP mice against induction of antibody transfer-induced EBA. To visualize the interactions of anti-COL7 IgG and neutrophils in vivo, fluorescently labeled anti-COL7 IgG was injected into LysM-eGFP mice. Multiphoton microscopy was sequentially performed over a period of 8 days. At all time points, we observed a significantly higher extravasation of neutrophils into the skin of mice treated with anti-FcγRIV antibody compared to controls. However, the percentage of detected neutrophils localized to the target antigen along the dermal-epidermal junction was comparable between both groups. Additionally, reactive oxygen release and migration in vitro assay data demonstrate that FcγRIV antibody treatment inhibits the activation, but not the migration, of neutrophils. Our findings underscore the importance of advanced in vivo imaging techniques to understand the complexity of IC-mediated neutrophil-dependent inflammation, and indicate that the therapeutic utility of FcγRIV blockade is achieved through impairment of IC-mediated neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje C. Haeger
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Mario Pieper
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Laura Griewahn
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer E. Hundt
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Lubeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jennifer E. Hundt,
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15
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Solzbacher J, Czeszumski A, Walter S, König P. Evidence for the embodiment of the automatic approach bias. Front Psychol 2022; 13:797122. [PMID: 36160565 PMCID: PMC9505509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendencies of approach and avoidance seem to be a universal characteristic of humans. Specifically, individuals are faster in avoiding than in approaching negative stimuli and they are faster in approaching than in avoiding positive stimuli. The existence of this automatic approach-avoidance bias has been demonstrated in many studies. Furthermore, this bias is thought to play a key role in psychiatric disorders like drug addiction and phobias. However, its mechanisms are far from clear. Theories of embodied cognition postulate that the nature of gestures plays a key role in this process. To shed light on the role of the involved gesture we employed a 2 × 2 factorial design with two types of stimuli. Participants had either to approach positive and avoid negative stimuli (congruent conditions) or to avoid positive stimuli and approach negative stimuli (incongruent conditions). Further, they responded either with a joystick or a button press on a response pad. Participants reacted faster in congruent conditions, i.e., avoiding negative stimuli and approaching positive stimuli, than in incongruent conditions. This replicates the known approach and avoidance bias. However, direct analysis of the button press condition revealed no reaction time advantage for congruent trials compared to incongruent trials. In contrast, in the joystick condition participants were significantly faster performing congruent reactions than incongruent reactions. This interaction, a significant reaction time advantage, when the response is enacted by moving a joystick towards or away from the body provides evidence that approach-avoidance tendencies have a crucial bodily component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Solzbacher
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johannes Solzbacher,
| | - Artur Czeszumski
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven Walter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Jobst S, Lindwedel U, Marx H, Pazouki R, Ziegler S, König P, Kugler C, Feuchtinger J. Competencies and needs of nurse educators and clinical mentors for teaching in the digital age – a multi-institutional, cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:240. [PMID: 36031618 PMCID: PMC9420177 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of technology and digitalization on health care systems will transform the nursing profession worldwide. Nurses need digital competencies to integrate new technology in their professional activities. Nurse educators play a crucial role in promoting the acquisition of digital competences and therefore need to be digitally competent themselves. Research on digital competencies of nursing educators is scarce but suggests lack of digital knowledge and skills and support needs. Although digitalization is to be seen as a global process, regional contexts need to be taken into account, such as pre-existing competencies, local conditions, and individual needs. Thus, it remains unclear which competencies nurse educators possess and which support needs they have. Aim of this study was to assess nurse educators’ and clinical mentors’ digital competencies and explore their needs and requirements concerning the digital aspects of their pedagogy and teaching activities in Germany. Methods A descriptive exploratory study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Participants were identified using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected during July and September 2020 using a standardized self-reported questionnaire that was developed specifically for this study. The questionnaire was provided in a paper and online format and participants could decide which format to use. It contained open- and closed-ended questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. Additionally, explorative subgroup analyses based on job designation, age, and gender were performed. Reporting of this study adhered to the STROBE checklist. Results A total of 169 educating nurses participated in the survey. The respondents considered themselves as digitally competent and showed a positive attitude towards the integration of digital technology in their teaching activities. Their perceived preparedness to integrate digital technology into teaching and training varied. Almost all respondents (98%) declared a need for further training and seemed motivated to participate in corresponding educational events. There were some indications for differences in competencies or needs between subgroups. Conclusions Educating nurses appear to possess basic digital competencies but there is a need to support their professional development in terms of new technologies. Findings can be used as a basis for developing supportive interventions. Further qualitative investigations could inform the design and content of such interventions.
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17
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Pieper M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Schmudde I, Quell KM, Laumonnier Y, Hüttmann G, König P. Intravital imaging of mucus transport in asthmatic mice using microscopic optical coherence tomography. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L423-L430. [PMID: 35997279 PMCID: PMC9529266 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00455.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases. Mucus overproduction is consistently linked to asthma morbidity and mortality. Despite the knowledge of the importance of mucus, little data exists on how mucus is transported in asthma and the immediate effects of therapeutic intervention. We therefore used microscopic optical coherence tomography (mOCT) to study spontaneous and induced mucus transport in an interleukin-13 (IL-13) induced asthma mouse model and examined the effects of isotonic (0.9% NaCl) and hypertonic saline (7% NaCl) which are used to induce mucus transport in cystic fibrosis. Without intervention, no bulk mucus transport was observed by mOCT and no intraluminal mucus was detectable in the intrapulmonary airways by histology. Administration of ATP-g-S induced mucus secretion into the airway lumen, but did not result in bulk mucus transport in the trachea. Intraluminal secreted immobile mucus could be mobilized by administration of isotonic or hypertonic saline but hypertonic saline mobilized mucus more reliably than isotonic saline. Irrespective of saline concentration, the mucus was transported in mucus chunks. In contrast to isotonic saline solution, hypertonic saline solution alone was able to induce mucus secretion. In conclusion, mOCT is suitable to examine the effects of mucus-mobilizing therapies in vivo. Although hypertonic saline was more efficient in inducing mucus transport, it induced mucus secretion, which might explain its limited benefit in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pieper
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina M Quell
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Lingel I, Wilburn AN, Hargis J, McAlees JW, Laumonnier Y, Chougnet CA, Deshmukh H, König P, Lewkowich IP, Schmudde I. Prenatal antibiotics exposure does not influence experimental allergic asthma in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937577. [PMID: 36032166 PMCID: PMC9399857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in microbiome (dysbiosis) contribute to severity of allergic asthma. Preexisting epidemiological studies in humans correlate perinatal dysbiosis with increased long-term asthma severity. However, these studies cannot discriminate between prenatal and postnatal effects of dysbiosis and suffer from a high variability of dysbiotic causes ranging from antibiotic treatment, delivery by caesarian section to early-life breastfeeding practices. Given that maternal antibiotic exposure in mice increases the risk of newborn bacterial pneumonia in offspring, we hypothesized that prenatal maternal antibiotic-induced dysbiosis induces long-term immunological effects in the offspring that also increase long-term asthma severity. Therefore, dams were exposed to antibiotics (gentamycin, ampicillin, vancomycin) from embryonic day 15 until birth. Six weeks later, asthma was induced in the offspring by repeated applications of house dust mite extract. Airway function, cytokine production, pulmonary cell composition and distribution were assessed. Our study revealed that prenatally induced dysbiosis in mice led to an increase in pulmonary Th17+ non-conventional T cells with limited functional effect on airway resistance, pro-asthmatic Th2/Th17 cytokine production, pulmonary localization and cell-cell contacts. These data indicate that dysbiosis-related immune-modulation with long-term effects on asthma development occurs to a lesser extent prenatally and will allow to focus future studies on more decisive postnatal timeframes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Lingel
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Adrienne N. Wilburn
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julie Hargis
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jaclyn W. McAlees
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Inken Schmudde,
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19
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Engel AK, Verschure PFMJ, Kragic D, Polani D, Effenberg AO, König P. Editorial: Sensorimotor Foundations of Social Cognition. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:971133. [PMID: 35874160 PMCID: PMC9305330 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.971133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas K. Engel
| | - Paul F. M. J. Verschure
- Synthetic Perceptive Emotive Cognitive Systems Laboratory, Fundació Institut de Bioenginyería de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danica Kragic
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Polani
- Centre for Computer Science and Informatics Research, School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred O. Effenberg
- Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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20
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Walter JL, Essmann L, König SU, König P. Finding landmarks - An investigation of viewing behavior during spatial navigation in VR using a graph-theoretical analysis approach. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009485. [PMID: 35666726 PMCID: PMC9203010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision provides the most important sensory information for spatial navigation. Recent technical advances allow new options to conduct more naturalistic experiments in virtual reality (VR) while additionally gathering data of the viewing behavior with eye tracking investigations. Here, we propose a method that allows one to quantify characteristics of visual behavior by using graph-theoretical measures to abstract eye tracking data recorded in a 3D virtual urban environment. The analysis is based on eye tracking data of 20 participants, who freely explored the virtual city Seahaven for 90 minutes with an immersive VR headset with an inbuild eye tracker. To extract what participants looked at, we defined “gaze” events, from which we created gaze graphs. On these, we applied graph-theoretical measures to reveal the underlying structure of visual attention. Applying graph partitioning, we found that our virtual environment could be treated as one coherent city. To investigate the importance of houses in the city, we applied the node degree centrality measure. Our results revealed that 10 houses had a node degree that exceeded consistently two-sigma distance from the mean node degree of all other houses. The importance of these houses was supported by the hierarchy index, which showed a clear hierarchical structure of the gaze graphs. As these high node degree houses fulfilled several characteristics of landmarks, we named them “gaze-graph-defined landmarks”. Applying the rich club coefficient, we found that these gaze-graph-defined landmarks were preferentially connected to each other and that participants spend the majority of their experiment time in areas where at least two of those houses were visible. Our findings do not only provide new experimental evidence for the development of spatial knowledge, but also establish a new methodology to identify and assess the function of landmarks in spatial navigation based on eye tracking data. The ability to navigate and orient ourselves in an unknown environment is important in everyday life. To better understand how we are able to learn about a new environment, it is important to study our behavior during the process of spatial navigation. New technical advances allow us to conduct studies in naturalistic virtual environments with participants wearing immersive VR-headsets. In addition, we can use eye trackers to observe the participant’s eye movements. This is interesting, because observing eye movements allows us to observe visual attention and, therefore, important cognitive processes. However, it can be difficult to analyze eye tracking data that was measured in a VR environment, as there is no established algorithm yet. Therefore, we propose a new method to analyze such eye tracking data. In addition, our method allows us to transform the eye tracking data into graphs which we can use to find new patterns in behavior that were not accessible before. Using this methodology, we found that participants who spend 90 min exploring a new virtual town, viewed some houses preferentially and we call them gaze-graph-defined landmarks. Our further analysis reveals also new characteristics of those houses that were not yet associated with landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin L. Walter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucas Essmann
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sabine U. König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Kohlfaerber T, Pieper M, Münter M, Holzhausen C, Ahrens M, Idel C, Bruchhage KL, Leichtle A, König P, Hüttmann G, Schulz-Hildebrandt H. Dynamic microscopic optical coherence tomography to visualize the morphological and functional micro-anatomy of the airways. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:3211-3223. [PMID: 35781952 PMCID: PMC9208592 DOI: 10.1364/boe.456104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the imaging of airway tissue, optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides cross-sectional images of tissue structures, shows cilia movement and mucus secretion, but does not provide sufficient contrast to differentiate individual cells. By using fast sequences of microscopic resolution OCT (mOCT) images, OCT can use small signal fluctuations to overcome lack in contrast and speckle noise. In this way, OCT visualizes airway morphology on a cellular level and allows the tracking of the dynamic behavior of immune cells, as well as mucus transport and secretion. Here, we demonstrate that mOCT, by using temporal tissue fluctuation as contrast (dynamic mOCT), provides the possibility to study physiological and pathological tissue processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Kohlfaerber
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mario Pieper
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Michael Münter
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Biomedical Optics, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cornelia Holzhausen
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin Ahrens
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Biomedical Optics, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Idel
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, ENT Clinics, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, ENT Clinics, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Leichtle
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, ENT Clinics, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
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22
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Hollenhorst MI, Nandigama R, Evers SB, Gamayun I, Abdel Wadood N, Salah A, Pieper M, Wyatt A, Stukalov A, Gebhardt A, Nadolni W, Burow W, Herr C, Beisswenger C, Kusumakshi S, Ectors F, Kichko TI, Hübner L, Reeh P, Munder A, Wienhold SM, Witzenrath M, Bals R, Flockerzi V, Gudermann T, Bischoff M, Lipp P, Zierler S, Chubanov V, Pichlmair A, König P, Boehm U, Krasteva-Christ G. Bitter taste signaling in tracheal epithelial brush cells elicits innate immune responses to bacterial infection. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:150951. [PMID: 35503420 PMCID: PMC9246383 DOI: 10.1172/jci150951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Constant exposure of the airways to inhaled pathogens requires efficient early immune responses protecting against infections. How bacteria on the epithelial surface are detected and first-line protective mechanisms are initiated are not well understood. We have recently shown that tracheal brush cells (BCs) express functional taste receptors. Here we report that bitter taste signaling in murine BCs induces neurogenic inflammation. We demonstrate that BC signaling stimulates adjacent sensory nerve endings in the trachea to release the neuropeptides CGRP and substance P that mediate plasma extravasation, neutrophil recruitment, and diapedesis. Moreover, we show that bitter tasting quorum-sensing molecules from Pseudomonas aeruginosa activate tracheal BCs. BC signaling depends on the key taste transduction gene Trpm5, triggers secretion of immune mediators, among them the most abundant member of the complement system, and is needed to combat P. aeruginosa infections. Our data provide functional insight into first-line defense mechanisms against bacterial infections of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajender Nandigama
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia B Evers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Igor Gamayun
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Noran Abdel Wadood
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alaa Salah
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mario Pieper
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Stukalov
- Immunopathology of Virus Infection Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Gebhardt
- Immunopathology of Virus Infection Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wera Burow
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Soumya Kusumakshi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabien Ectors
- FARAH Mammalian Transgenics Platform, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tatjana I Kichko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hübner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje Munder
- Clinic for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Susanna Zierler
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Vladimir Chubanov
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Immunopathology of Virus Infection Laboratory, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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23
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Föh B, Buhre JS, Lunding HB, Moreno-Fernandez ME, König P, Sina C, Divanovic S, Ehlers M. Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes induction of IL-10+IgM+ plasma cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266071. [PMID: 35333906 PMCID: PMC8956175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate is a central inhibitor of inflammatory innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate induces differentiation of IL-10-producing (IL-10+) regulatory B cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of butyrate-driven modulation of B cell differentiation are not fully defined. Given the dominant role of regulatory plasma cells (PCs) as the main source of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and the observation that butyrate also induces the differentiation of PCs, we here investigated the effect of the microbial metabolite butyrate on the induction of regulatory IL-10+ PCs and underlying mechanisms. Here we show that butyrate induces the differentiation of IL-10+IgM+ PCs. Ex vivo, butyrate, but hardly propionate, another microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid, induced the differentiation of IL-10+IgM+ CD138high PCs from isolated splenic murine B cells. In vivo, administration of butyrate via drinking water or by daily intraperitoneal injection increased the number of IL-10+IgM+ CD138high PCs in the spleens of Ovalbumin (Ova)/complete Freund’s adjuvant-immunized mice. The induction of these regulatory PCs was associated with an increase of anti-Ova IgM, but a reduction of anti-Ova class-switched pathogenic IgG2b serum antibodies. Based on the knowledge that butyrate inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs) thereby increasing histone acetylation, we identified here that HDAC3 inhibition was sufficient to induce PC differentiation and IL-10+ expression. Furthermore, reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels following butyrate treatment and HDAC3 inhibition were necessary for PC differentiation, but not IL-10 expression. In summary, the microbial metabolite butyrate promotes the differentiation of IgM+ PCs and their expression of IL-10. HDAC3 inhibition may be involved as an underlying pathway for both PC differentiation and IL-10 expression, while reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels are crucial only for PC differentiation. The induction of regulatory IL-10+IgM+ PCs and the inhibition of class switching to antigen-specific pathogenic IgG subclasses might represent important pathways of butyrate to limit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandik Föh
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jana Sophia Buhre
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna B. Lunding
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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24
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Ohmer X, Franke M, König P. Mutual Exclusivity in Pragmatic Agents. Cogn Sci 2022; 46:e13069. [PMID: 34973036 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the great challenges in word learning is that words are typically uttered in a context with many potential referents. Children's tendency to associate novel words with novel referents, which is taken to reflect a mutual exclusivity (ME) bias, forms a useful disambiguation mechanism. We study semantic learning in pragmatic agents-combining the Rational Speech Act model with gradient-based learning-and explore the conditions under which such agents show an ME bias. This approach provides a framework for investigating a pragmatic account of the ME bias in humans but also for building artificial agents that display an ME bias. A series of analyses demonstrates striking parallels between our model and human word learning regarding several aspects relevant to the ME bias phenomenon: online inference, long-term learning, and developmental effects. By testing different implementations, we find that two components, pragmatic online inference and incremental collection of evidence for one-to-one correspondences between words and referents, play an important role in modeling the developmental trajectory of the ME bias. Finally, we outline an extension of our model to a deep neural network architecture that can process more naturalistic visual and linguistic input. Until now, in contrast to children, deep neural networks have needed indirect access to (supposed to be novel) test inputs during training to display an ME bias. Our model is the first one to do so without using this manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Ohmer
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück
| | - Michael Franke
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück.,Department of Linguistics, University of Tübingen
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück.,Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf
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25
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Lukanov H, König P, Pipa G. Biologically Inspired Deep Learning Model for Efficient Foveal-Peripheral Vision. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:746204. [PMID: 34880741 PMCID: PMC8645638 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.746204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While abundant in biology, foveated vision is nearly absent from computational models and especially deep learning architectures. Despite considerable hardware improvements, training deep neural networks still presents a challenge and constraints complexity of models. Here we propose an end-to-end neural model for foveal-peripheral vision, inspired by retino-cortical mapping in primates and humans. Our model has an efficient sampling technique for compressing the visual signal such that a small portion of the scene is perceived in high resolution while a large field of view is maintained in low resolution. An attention mechanism for performing "eye-movements" assists the agent in collecting detailed information incrementally from the observed scene. Our model achieves comparable results to a similar neural architecture trained on full-resolution data for image classification and outperforms it at video classification tasks. At the same time, because of the smaller size of its input, it can reduce computational effort tenfold and uses several times less memory. Moreover, we present an easy to implement bottom-up and top-down attention mechanism which relies on task-relevant features and is therefore a convenient byproduct of the main architecture. Apart from its computational efficiency, the presented work provides means for exploring active vision for agent training in simulated environments and anthropomorphic robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristofor Lukanov
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Department of Neurobiopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gordon Pipa
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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26
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Wenzel J, Lampe J, Müller-Fielitz H, Schuster R, Zille M, Müller K, Krohn M, Körbelin J, Zhang L, Özorhan Ü, Neve V, Wagner JUG, Bojkova D, Shumliakivska M, Jiang Y, Fähnrich A, Ott F, Sencio V, Robil C, Pfefferle S, Sauve F, Coêlho CFF, Franz J, Spiecker F, Lembrich B, Binder S, Feller N, König P, Busch H, Collin L, Villaseñor R, Jöhren O, Altmeppen HC, Pasparakis M, Dimmeler S, Cinatl J, Püschel K, Zelic M, Ofengeim D, Stadelmann C, Trottein F, Nogueiras R, Hilgenfeld R, Glatzel M, Prevot V, Schwaninger M. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease M pro causes microvascular brain pathology by cleaving NEMO in brain endothelial cells. Nat Neurosci 2021. [PMID: 34675436 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-02100926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage cerebral small vessels and cause neurological symptoms. Here we describe structural changes in cerebral small vessels of patients with COVID-19 and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the vascular pathology. In brains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals and animal models, we found an increased number of empty basement membrane tubes, so-called string vessels representing remnants of lost capillaries. We obtained evidence that brain endothelial cells are infected and that the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) cleaves NEMO, the essential modulator of nuclear factor-κB. By ablating NEMO, Mpro induces the death of human brain endothelial cells and the occurrence of string vessels in mice. Deletion of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3, a mediator of regulated cell death, blocks the vessel rarefaction and disruption of the blood-brain barrier due to NEMO ablation. Importantly, a pharmacological inhibitor of RIPK signaling prevented the Mpro-induced microvascular pathology. Our data suggest RIPK as a potential therapeutic target to treat the neuropathology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Raphael Schuster
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Krohn
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ümit Özorhan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neve
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian U G Wagner
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mariana Shumliakivska
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yun Jiang
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fabian Ott
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Robil
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Susanne Pfefferle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florent Sauve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jonas Franz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Spiecker
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beate Lembrich
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sonja Binder
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nina Feller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hermann C Altmeppen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Püschel
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matija Zelic
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, DISTALZ, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel and Frankfurt, Germany.
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Wahn B, König P, Kingstone A. Interpersonal coordination in joint multiple object tracking. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2021; 47:1166-1181. [PMID: 34694847 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
People often perform visual tasks together, for example, when looking for a misplaced key. When performing such tasks jointly, people coordinate their actions to divide the labor, for example, by looking for the misplaced key in different rooms. This way, they tend to perform better together than individually-they attain a group benefit. A crucial factor determining whether (and to what extent) individuals attain a group benefit is the amount of information they receive about each other's actions and performance. We systematically varied, across 8 conditions, the information participant pairs received while jointly performing a visual task. We find that participants can attain a group benefit without receiving any information (and thus cannot coordinate their actions). However, actions are coordinated and the group benefit is enhanced if participants receive information about each other's actions or performance. If both types of information are received, participants are faster in creating efficient labor divisions. To create divisions, participants used the screen center as a reference to divide the labor into a left and right side. When participants cannot coordinate actions, they exhibit a bias toward choosing the same side, but they forgo this bias once action coordination is possible, thereby boosting group performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Wahn
- Department of Psychology, Leibniz University Hannover
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück
| | - Alan Kingstone
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
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28
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Münter M, Pieper M, Kohlfaerber T, Bodenstorfer E, Ahrens M, Winter C, Huber R, König P, Hüttmann G, Schulz-Hildebrandt H. Microscopic optical coherence tomography (mOCT) at 600 kHz for 4D volumetric imaging and dynamic contrast. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:6024-6039. [PMID: 34745719 PMCID: PMC8547980 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric imaging of dynamic processes with microscopic resolution holds a huge potential in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. Using supercontinuum light sources and high numerical aperture (NA) objectives, optical coherence tomography (OCT) achieves microscopic resolution and is well suited for imaging cellular and subcellular structures of biological tissues. Currently, the imaging speed of microscopic OCT (mOCT) is limited by the line-scan rate of the spectrometer camera and ranges from 30 to 250 kHz. This is not fast enough for volumetric imaging of dynamic processes in vivo and limits endoscopic application. Using a novel CMOS camera, we demonstrate fast 3-dimensional OCT imaging with 600,000 A-scans/s at 1.8 µm axial and 1.1 µm lateral resolution. The improved speed is used for imaging of ciliary motion and particle transport in ex vivo mouse trachea. Furthermore, we demonstrate dynamic contrast OCT by evaluating the recorded volumes rather than en face planes or B-scans. High-speed volumetric mOCT will enable the correction of global tissue motion and is a prerequisite for applying dynamic contrast mOCT in vivo. With further increase in imaging speed and integration in flexible endoscopes, volumetric mOCT may be used to complement or partly replace biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Münter
- University of Lübeck,
Institute of Biomedical Optics,
Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum
Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mario Pieper
- University of
Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160,
23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North
Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL,
22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Kohlfaerber
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum
Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ernst Bodenstorfer
- Austrian Institute of
Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Ahrens
- University of Lübeck,
Institute of Biomedical Optics,
Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North
Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL,
22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Robert Huber
- University of Lübeck,
Institute of Biomedical Optics,
Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- University of
Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160,
23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North
Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL,
22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- University of Lübeck,
Institute of Biomedical Optics,
Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum
Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North
Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL,
22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt
- University of Lübeck,
Institute of Biomedical Optics,
Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum
Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North
Member of the German Center for Lung Research, DZL,
22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
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29
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Czeszumski A, Gert AL, Keshava A, Ghadirzadeh A, Kalthoff T, Ehinger BV, Tiessen M, Björkman M, Kragic D, König P. Coordinating With a Robot Partner Affects Neural Processing Related to Action Monitoring. Front Neurorobot 2021; 15:686010. [PMID: 34456705 PMCID: PMC8386170 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2021.686010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Robots start to play a role in our social landscape, and they are progressively becoming responsive, both physically and socially. It begs the question of how humans react to and interact with robots in a coordinated manner and what the neural underpinnings of such behavior are. This exploratory study aims to understand the differences in human-human and human-robot interactions at a behavioral level and from a neurophysiological perspective. For this purpose, we adapted a collaborative dynamical paradigm from the literature. We asked 12 participants to hold two corners of a tablet while collaboratively guiding a ball around a circular track either with another participant or a robot. In irregular intervals, the ball was perturbed outward creating an artificial error in the behavior, which required corrective measures to return to the circular track again. Concurrently, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG). In the behavioral data, we found an increased velocity and positional error of the ball from the track in the human-human condition vs. human-robot condition. For the EEG data, we computed event-related potentials. We found a significant difference between human and robot partners driven by significant clusters at fronto-central electrodes. The amplitudes were stronger with a robot partner, suggesting a different neural processing. All in all, our exploratory study suggests that coordinating with robots affects action monitoring related processing. In the investigated paradigm, human participants treat errors during human-robot interaction differently from those made during interactions with other humans. These results can improve communication between humans and robot with the use of neural activity in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Czeszumski
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anna L Gert
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ashima Keshava
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ali Ghadirzadeh
- Robotics, Perception and Learning, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilman Kalthoff
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Benedikt V Ehinger
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Max Tiessen
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Mårten Björkman
- Robotics, Perception and Learning, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danica Kragic
- Robotics, Perception and Learning, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institut für Neurophysiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Plotzky C, Lindwedel U, Sorber M, Loessl B, König P, Kunze C, Kugler C, Meng M. Virtual reality simulations in nurse education: A systematic mapping review. Nurse Educ Today 2021; 101:104868. [PMID: 33798987 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Simulation-based learning is widely used in nurse education, including virtual reality (VR) methods which have experienced a major growth lately. Virtual reality offers risk free and contactless learning. Currently, little is known about what topics of nursing are adopted for VR simulations and how their design meets various educational goals. This review aims to scope existing articles on educational VR nursing simulations, and to analyse approaches from didactic and technical perspectives. METHOD A systematic mapping review following the PRISMA-ScR guideline and PICo search strategy was conducted. Peer reviewed articles in English and German were searched across Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, ERIC and The Cochrane Library. Studies had to include at least one immersive head-mounted display VR simulation in the field of nursing education. Data extraction and analysis was performed in a narrative, graphical and tabular way. RESULTS Twenty-two articles were identified. There is a large variety in the use and definition of VR simulation for educational purposes. Simulations were classified into four main educational objectives: procedural skills training to improve technical knowledge and proficiency; emergency response training that focusses on confidence; soft skills training that teaches empathy; and finally, psychomotor skills training. Various approaches and simulation designs were implemented to achieve these educational outcomes. A few of them were highly innovative in providing an immersive experience to learn complex tasks, e.g. auscultation, or foster empathy by mimicking life with dementia. CONCLUSIONS Despite an increase in the use of state-of-the-art VR nursing simulations, there is still a paucity of studies on immersive HMD based VR scenarios. Researchers designing educational VR packages need to be clear on terminology. In order to make full use of VR, designers should consider including haptic devices to practise psychomotor skills and include social interaction to teach soft skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Plotzky
- Furtwangen University, Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Lindwedel
- Furtwangen University, Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Sorber
- Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance in the Health and Welfare Services, Department for Pilot Projects and Congresses, Hamburg, Germany; Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Department of Nursing Science, Witten, Germany
| | - Barbara Loessl
- Furtwangen University, Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen, Germany; Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Discipline of Nursing, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter König
- Furtwangen University, Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Christophe Kunze
- Furtwangen University, Faculty Health, Safety, Society, Care & Technology Lab, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Kugler
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nursing Science, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Meng
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Nursing Science, Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Schwab BC, König P, Engel AK. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity can account for connectivity aftereffects of dual-site transcranial alternating current stimulation. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118179. [PMID: 34015486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), applied to two brain sites with different phase lags, has been shown to modulate stimulation-outlasting functional EEG connectivity between the targeted regions. Given the lack of knowledge on mechanisms of tACS aftereffects, it is difficult to further enhance effect sizes and reduce variability in experiments. In this computational study, we tested if spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can explain stimulation-outlasting connectivity modulation by dual-site tACS and explored the effects of tACS parameter choices. Two populations of spiking neurons were coupled with synapses subject to STDP, and results were validated via a re-analysis of EEG data. Our simulations showed stimulation-outlasting connectivity changes between in- and anti-phase tACS, dependent on both tACS frequency and synaptic conduction delays. Importantly, both a simple network entraining to a wide range of tACS frequencies as well as a more realistic network that spontaneously oscillated at alpha frequency predicted that the largest effects would occur for short conduction delays between the stimulated regions. This finding agreed with experimental EEG connectivity modulation by 10Hz tACS, showing a clear negative correlation of tACS effects with estimated conduction delays between regions. In conclusion, STDP can explain connectivity aftereffects of dual-site tACS. However, not all combinations of tACS frequency and application sites are expected to effectively modulate connectivity via STDP. We therefore suggest using appropriate computational models and/or EEG analysis for planning and interpretation of dual-site tACS studies relying on aftereffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina C Schwab
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Berlin Institute for Advanced Study, Germany.
| | - Peter König
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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32
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Vox JP, Weber A, Wolf KI, Izdebski K, Schüler T, König P, Wallhoff F, Friemert D. An Evaluation of Motion Trackers with Virtual Reality Sensor Technology in Comparison to a Marker-Based Motion Capture System Based on Joint Angles for Ergonomic Risk Assessment. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21093145. [PMID: 34062827 PMCID: PMC8124554 DOI: 10.3390/s21093145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reproduction and simulation of workplaces, and the analysis of body postures during work processes, are parts of ergonomic risk assessments. A commercial virtual reality (VR) system offers the possibility to model complex work scenarios as virtual mock-ups and to evaluate their ergonomic designs by analyzing motion behavior while performing work processes. In this study a VR tracking sensor system (HTC Vive tracker) combined with an inverse kinematic model (Final IK) was compared with a marker-based optical motion capture system (Qualisys). Marker-based optical motion capture systems are considered the gold standard for motion analysis. Therefore, Qualisys was used as the ground truth in this study. The research question to be answered was how accurately the HTC Vive System combined with Final IK can measure joint angles used for ergonomic evaluation. Twenty-six subjects were observed simultaneously with both tracking systems while performing 20 defined movements. Sixteen joint angles were analyzed. Joint angle deviations between ±6∘ and ±42∘ were identified. These high deviations must be considered in ergonomic risk assessments when using a VR system. The results show that commercial low-budget tracking systems have the potential to map joint angles. Nevertheless, substantial weaknesses and inaccuracies in some body regions must be taken into account. Recommendations are provided to improve tracking accuracy and avoid systematic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Vox
- Institut of Technical Assistance Systems (ITAS), Jade University of Applied Sciences, Ofener Str. 16/19, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Division Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Marie-Curie-Str. 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anika Weber
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, 53424 Remagen, Germany; (A.W.); (D.F.)
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Karen Insa Wolf
- Division Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Marie-Curie-Str. 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Krzysztof Izdebski
- Halocline GmbH & Co. KG, Netter Platz 3, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (K.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Halocline GmbH & Co. KG, Netter Platz 3, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (K.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Wachsbleiche 27, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Institute of Neurophysiology und Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Wallhoff
- Institut of Technical Assistance Systems (ITAS), Jade University of Applied Sciences, Ofener Str. 16/19, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Division Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology HSA, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Marie-Curie-Str. 2, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Daniel Friemert
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, 53424 Remagen, Germany; (A.W.); (D.F.)
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Hänske GG, König P, Schuhmann B, Bertram CA, Müller K. Death in four RHDV2-vaccinated pet rabbits due to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:700-703. [PMID: 33900627 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To create awareness of single RHDV2 infections and cases of death despite immunisation with RHDV2-specific vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective case series of four companion rabbits. Patient signalment, vaccination history, pathology and molecular examinations were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS The animals died peracutely or with nonspecific symptoms like apathy and inappetence. Pathological examination indicated and molecular biological findings confirmed RHDV2 infection in four animals. Several partner animals died at the same time under the same circumstances. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report of fatalities in RHDV2-vaccinated companion rabbits due to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 infection with documented case and vaccination history. Veterinarians should be aware of possible single fatal RHDV2 infections despite vaccination, should initiate the clarification of suspected cases and inform vaccine manufacturers and competent authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Hänske
- Tiermedizinzentrum Berlin, Kufsteiner Straße 22, 10825, Berlin, Germany
| | - P König
- Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald, Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - B Schuhmann
- Tiermedizinzentrum Berlin, Kufsteiner Straße 22, 10825, Berlin, Germany
| | - C A Bertram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Department of Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
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34
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Pavlov YG, Adamian N, Appelhoff S, Arvaneh M, Benwell CSY, Beste C, Bland AR, Bradford DE, Bublatzky F, Busch NA, Clayson PE, Cruse D, Czeszumski A, Dreber A, Dumas G, Ehinger B, Ganis G, He X, Hinojosa JA, Huber-Huber C, Inzlicht M, Jack BN, Johannesson M, Jones R, Kalenkovich E, Kaltwasser L, Karimi-Rouzbahani H, Keil A, König P, Kouara L, Kulke L, Ladouceur CD, Langer N, Liesefeld HR, Luque D, MacNamara A, Mudrik L, Muthuraman M, Neal LB, Nilsonne G, Niso G, Ocklenburg S, Oostenveld R, Pernet CR, Pourtois G, Ruzzoli M, Sass SM, Schaefer A, Senderecka M, Snyder JS, Tamnes CK, Tognoli E, van Vugt MK, Verona E, Vloeberghs R, Welke D, Wessel JR, Zakharov I, Mushtaq F. #EEGManyLabs: Investigating the replicability of influential EEG experiments. Cortex 2021; 144:213-229. [PMID: 33965167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings about the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardised analysis pipelines. Inspired by recent efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri G Pavlov
- University of Tuebingen, Germany; Ural Federal University, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Dreber
- Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden; University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Xun He
- Bournemouth University, UK
| | - José A Hinojosa
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Universidad Nebrija, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Kaltwasser
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter König
- University Osnabrück, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Louisa Kulke
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Langer
- University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - David Luque
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Liad Mudrik
- School of Psychological Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Guiomar Niso
- Indiana University, Bloomington, USA; Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel S Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominik Welke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Germany
| | - Jan R Wessel
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA; University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Wagner C, Uliczka K, Bossen J, Niu X, Fink C, Thiedmann M, Knop M, Vock C, Abdelsadik A, Zissler UM, Isermann K, Garn H, Pieper M, Wegmann M, Koczulla AR, Vogelmeier CF, Schmidt-Weber CB, Fehrenbach H, König P, Silverman N, Renz H, Pfefferle P, Heine H, Roeder T. Constitutive immune activity promotes JNK- and FoxO-dependent remodeling of Drosophila airways. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108956. [PMID: 33826881 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive remodeling of the airways is a major characteristic of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To elucidate the importance of a deregulated immune response in the airways for remodeling processes, we established a matching Drosophila model. Here, triggering the Imd (immune deficiency) pathway in tracheal cells induced organ-wide remodeling. This structural remodeling comprises disorganization of epithelial structures and comprehensive epithelial thickening. We show that these structural changes do not depend on the Imd pathway's canonical branch terminating on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. Instead, activation of a different segment of the Imd pathway that branches off downstream of Tak1 and comprises activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and forkhead transcription factor of the O subgroup (FoxO) signaling is necessary and sufficient to mediate the observed structural changes of the airways. Our findings imply that targeting JNK and FoxO signaling in the airways could be a promising strategy to interfere with disease-associated airway remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wagner
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Division of Invertebrate Models, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Division of Invertebrate Models, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Division of Innate Immunity, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Judith Bossen
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Xiao Niu
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Thiedmann
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdelsadik
- Zoology, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt; Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Advanced Basic Sciences, Galala University, 43552 New Galala, Egypt
| | - Ulrich M Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 80802 Munich, Germany; CPC-M, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Isermann
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; UGMLC, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Mario Pieper
- University Lübeck, Anatomical Institute, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Andreas R Koczulla
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; UGMLC, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; UGMLC, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 80802 Munich, Germany; CPC-M, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Peter König
- University Lübeck, Anatomical Institute, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Neil Silverman
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Harald Renz
- Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; UGMLC, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biobank Marburg, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; UGMLC, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Heine
- Division of Innate Immunity, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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Czeszumski A, Albers F, Walter S, König P. Let Me Make You Happy, and I'll Tell You How You Look Around: Using an Approach-Avoidance Task as an Embodied Emotion Prime in a Free-Viewing Task. Front Psychol 2021; 12:604393. [PMID: 33790829 PMCID: PMC8005526 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.604393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The embodied approach of human cognition suggests that concepts are deeply dependent upon and constrained by an agent's physical body's characteristics, such as performed body movements. In this study, we attempted to broaden previous research on emotional priming, investigating the interaction of emotions and visual exploration. We used the joystick-based approach-avoidance task to influence the emotional states of participants, and subsequently, we presented pictures of news web pages on a computer screen and measured participant's eye movements. As a result, the number of fixations on images increased, the total dwell time increased, and the average saccade length from outside of the images toward the images decreased after the bodily congruent priming phase. The combination of these effects suggests increased attention to web pages' image content after the participants performed bodily congruent actions in the priming phase. Thus, congruent bodily interaction with images in the priming phase fosters visual interaction in the subsequent exploration phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Czeszumski
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Friederike Albers
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sven Walter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institut für Neurophysiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Nezami FN, Wächter MA, Maleki N, Spaniol P, Kühne LM, Haas A, Pingel JM, Tiemann L, Nienhaus F, Keller L, König SU, König P, Pipa G. Westdrive X LoopAR: An Open-Access Virtual Reality Project in Unity for Evaluating User Interaction Methods during Takeover Requests. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21051879. [PMID: 33800215 PMCID: PMC7962530 DOI: 10.3390/s21051879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
With the further development of highly automated vehicles, drivers will engage in non-related tasks while being driven. Still, drivers have to take over control when requested by the car. Here, the question arises, how potentially distracted drivers get back into the control-loop quickly and safely when the car requests a takeover. To investigate effective human–machine interactions, a mobile, versatile, and cost-efficient setup is needed. Here, we describe a virtual reality toolkit for the Unity 3D game engine containing all the necessary code and assets to enable fast adaptations to various human–machine interaction experiments, including closely monitoring the subject. The presented project contains all the needed functionalities for realistic traffic behavior, cars, pedestrians, and a large, open-source, scriptable, and modular VR environment. It covers roughly 25 km2, a package of 125 animated pedestrians, and numerous vehicles, including motorbikes, trucks, and cars. It also contains all the needed nature assets to make it both highly dynamic and realistic. The presented repository contains a C++ library made for LoopAR that enables force feedback for gaming steering wheels as a fully supported component. It also includes all necessary scripts for eye-tracking in the used devices. All the main functions are integrated into the graphical user interface of the Unity® editor or are available as prefab variants to ease the use of the embedded functionalities. This project’s primary purpose is to serve as an open-access, cost-efficient toolkit that enables interested researchers to conduct realistic virtual reality research studies without costly and immobile simulators. To ensure the accessibility and usability of the mentioned toolkit, we performed a user experience report, also included in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod N. Nezami
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Maximilian A. Wächter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-541-969-2245
| | - Nora Maleki
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Philipp Spaniol
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Lea M. Kühne
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Anke Haas
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Johannes M. Pingel
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Linus Tiemann
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Frederik Nienhaus
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Lynn Keller
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Sabine U. König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gordon Pipa
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (F.N.N.); (N.M.); (P.S.); (L.M.K.); (A.H.); (J.M.P.); (L.T.); (F.N.); (L.K.); (S.U.K.); (P.K.); (G.P.)
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König P, Jimenez K, Saletu-Zyhlarz G, Mittlböck M, Gasche C. Iron deficiency, depression, and fatigue in inflammatory bowel diseases. Z Gastroenterol 2020; 58:1191-1200. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1283-6832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency and anemia are common findings in IBD. Treatment of anemia improves quality of life. Neurological symptoms like depression or anxiety are also common in IBD; however, their relationship with ID has not been studied in detail.
Methods Prospective, single center, non-interventional trial in an IBD cohort (n = 98), which is generally at risk for ID. Quality of sleep (using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index) and the presence of fatigue (Piper fatigue scale), depression (Self-rating Depression Scale [SDS]) or anxiety (Self-rating Anxiety Scale [SAS]) were related to ID (ferritin, transferrin saturation), anemia (hemoglobin), and inflammatory disease activity (CRP).
Results ID was present in 35 %, anemia in 16 %, and inflammation in 30 %. The overall quality of sleep in this cohort was similar to that reported for the general population. ID, anemia, or inflammation had no influence on the PSQI (median 4.0 [CI 3.0–5.0]), the ESS 5.5 (5.0–7.0), and the ISI 4.00 (2.5–5.5). Fatigue (PFS; present in 30 %), anxiety (SAS; present in 24 %), and depression (SDS; present in 33 %) were more common than in the general population. Iron deficient and anemic patients were more likely to be depressed (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01) and showed a trend towards presence of fatigue (p = 0.06 and 0.07). Systemic inflammation as measured by CRP had no effect on any of these conditions.
Conclusion In this IBD cohort, ID and anemia affect depression and possibly fatigue independent of the presence of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter König
- Div. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept Medicine 3
- Dept. of Psychiatry
| | | | | | - Martina Mittlböck
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Div. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept Medicine 3
- Loha for Life, Centre of Excellence for Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
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Ossandón JP, König P, Heed T. No Evidence for a Role of Spatially Modulated α-Band Activity in Tactile Remapping and Short-Latency, Overt Orienting Behavior. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9088-9102. [PMID: 33087476 PMCID: PMC7672998 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0581-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory α-band activity is commonly associated with spatial attention and multisensory prioritization. It has also been suggested to reflect the automatic transformation of tactile stimuli from a skin-based, somatotopic reference frame into an external one. Previous research has not convincingly separated these two possible roles of α-band activity. Previous experimental paradigms have used artificially long delays between tactile stimuli and behavioral responses to aid relating oscillatory activity to these different events. However, this strategy potentially blurs the temporal relationship of α-band activity relative to behavioral indicators of tactile-spatial transformations. Here, we assessed α-band modulation with massive univariate deconvolution, an analysis approach that disentangles brain signals overlapping in time and space. Thirty-one male and female human participants performed a delay-free, visual search task in which saccade behavior was unrestricted. A tactile cue to uncrossed or crossed hands was either informative or uninformative about visual target location. α-Band suppression following tactile stimulation was lateralized relative to the stimulated hand over central-parietal electrodes but relative to its external location over parieto-occipital electrodes. α-Band suppression reflected external touch location only after informative cues, suggesting that posterior α-band lateralization does not index automatic tactile transformation. Moreover, α-band suppression occurred at the time of, or after, the production of the saccades guided by tactile stimulation. These findings challenge the idea that α-band activity is directly involved in tactile-spatial transformation and suggest instead that it reflects delayed, supramodal processes related to attentional reorienting.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Localizing a touch in space requires integrating somatosensory information about skin location and proprioceptive or visual information about posture. The automatic remapping between skin-based tactile information to a location in external space has been proposed to rely on the modulation of oscillatory brain activity in the α-band range, across the multiple cortical areas that are involved in tactile, multisensory, and spatial processing. We report two findings that are inconsistent with this view. First, α-band activity reflected the remapped stimulus location only when touch was task relevant. Second, α-band modulation occurred too late to account for spatially directed behavioral responses and, thus, only after remapping must have taken place. These characteristics contradict the idea that α-band directly reflects automatic tactile remapping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P Ossandón
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49069, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Tobias Heed
- Biopsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
- Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
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Quell KM, Dutta K, Korkmaz ÜR, Nogueira de Almeida L, Vollbrandt T, König P, Lewkowich I, Deepe GS, Verschoor A, Köhl J, Laumonnier Y. GM-CSF and IL-33 Orchestrate Polynucleation and Polyploidy of Resident Murine Alveolar Macrophages in a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207487. [PMID: 33050608 PMCID: PMC7589978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronical pulmonary disease with high prevalence. It manifests as a maladaptive immune response to common airborne allergens and is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine-associated inflammation, and mucus overproduction. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), although contributing to lung homeostasis and tolerance to allergens at steady state, have attracted less attention compared to professional antigen-presenting and adaptive immune cells in their contributions. Using an acute model of house dust mite-driven allergic asthma in mice, we showed that a fraction of resident tissue-associated AMs, while polarizing to the alternatively activated M2 phenotype, exhibited signs of polynucleation and polyploidy. Mechanistically, in vitro assays showed that only Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor and interleukins IL-13 and IL-33, but not IL-4 or IL-5, participate in the establishment of this phenotype, which resulted from division defects and not cell-cell fusion as shown by microscopy. Intriguingly, mRNA analysis of AMs isolated from allergic asthmatic lungs failed to show changes in the expression of genes involved in DNA damage control except for MafB. Altogether, our data support the idea that upon allergic inflammation, AMs undergo DNA damage-induced stresses, which may provide new unconventional therapeutical approaches to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M. Quell
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Kuheli Dutta
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Ülkü R. Korkmaz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Larissa Nogueira de Almeida
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Tillman Vollbrandt
- Cell Analysis Core Facility, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - George S. Deepe
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-31018940; Fax: +49-451-31018904
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Münter M, Vom Endt M, Pieper M, Casper M, Ahrens M, Kohlfaerber T, Rahmanzadeh R, König P, Hüttmann G, Schulz-Hildebrandt H. Dynamic contrast in scanning microscopic OCT. Opt Lett 2020; 45:4766-4769. [PMID: 32870852 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
While optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a resolution down to 1 µm, it has difficulties in visualizing cellular structures due to a lack of scattering contrast. By evaluating signal fluctuations, a significant contrast enhancement was demonstrated using time-domain full-field OCT (FF-OCT), which makes cellular and subcellular structures visible. The putative cause of the dynamic OCT signal is the site-dependent active motion of cellular structures in a sub-micrometer range, which provides histology-like contrast. Here we demonstrate dynamic contrast with a scanning frequency-domain OCT (FD-OCT), which we believe has crucial advantages. Given the inherent sectional imaging geometry, scanning FD-OCT provides depth-resolved images across tissue layers, a perspective known from histopathology, much faster and more efficiently than FF-OCT. Both shorter acquisition times and tomographic depth-sectioning reduce the sensitivity of dynamic contrast for bulk tissue motion artifacts and simplify their correction in post-processing. Dynamic contrast makes microscopic FD-OCT a promising tool for the histological analysis of unstained tissues.
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Hernández-García A, Ramos Gameiro R, Grillini A, König P. Global visual salience of competing stimuli. J Vis 2020; 20:27. [PMID: 32720973 PMCID: PMC7424106 DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.7.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current computational models of visual salience accurately predict the distribution of fixations on isolated visual stimuli. It is not known, however, whether the global salience of a stimulus, that is, its effectiveness in the competition for attention with other stimuli, is a function of the local salience or an independent measure. Further, do task and familiarity with the competing images influence eye movements? Here, we investigated the direction of the first saccade to characterize and analyze the global visual salience of competing stimuli. Participants freely observed pairs of images while eye movements were recorded. The pairs balanced the combinations of new and already seen images, as well as task and task-free trials. Then, we trained a logistic regression model that accurately predicted the location-left or right image-of the first fixation for each stimulus pair, accounting too for the influence of task, familiarity, and lateral bias. The coefficients of the model provided a reliable measure of global salience, which we contrasted with two distinct local salience models, GBVS and Deep Gaze. The lack of correlation of the behavioral data with the former and the small correlation with the latter indicate that global salience cannot be explained by the feature-driven local salience of images. Further, the influence of task and familiarity was rather small, and we reproduced the previously reported left-sided bias. Summarized, we showed that natural stimuli have an intrinsic global salience related to the human initial gaze direction, independent of the local salience and little influenced by task and familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hernández-García
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Alessandro Grillini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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43
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Clay V, Schrumpf J, Tessenow Y, Leder H, Ansorge U, König P. A Quantitative Analysis of the Taxonomy of Artistic Styles. J Eye Mov Res 2020; 13:10.16910/jemr.13.2.5. [PMID: 33828791 PMCID: PMC7962801 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.13.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Classifying artists and their work as distinct art styles has been an important task of scholars in the field of art history. Due to its subjectivity, scholars often contradict one another. Our project investigated differences in aesthetic qualities of seven art styles through quantitative means. This was achieved with state-of-the-art deep-learning paradigms to generate new images resembling the style of an artist or entire era. We conducted psychological experiments to measure the behavior of subjects when viewing these new art images. Two different experiments were used: In an eye-tracking study, subjects viewed art-stylespecific generated images. Eye movements were recorded and then compared between art styles. In a visual singleton search study, subjects had to locate a style-outlier image among three images of an alternative style. Reaction time and accuracy were measured and analyzed. These experiments show that there are measurable differences in behavior when viewing images of varying art styles. From these differences, we constructed hierarchical clusterings relating art styles based on the different behaviors of subjects viewing the samples. Our study reveals a novel perspective on the classification of artworks into stylistic eras and motivates future research in the domain of empirical aesthetics through quantitative means.
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Conca A, Hrubos W, Di Pauli J, König P, Hausmann A. ECT response after relapse during continuation repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. A case report. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 19:118-9. [PMID: 15051113 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2003] [Revised: 07/01/2003] [Accepted: 07/21/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractResearch on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) indicates that the treatment of non-psychotic depression is comparable to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in terms of short-term outcome. We report on a woman who exerted a recurrent moderate major depressive episode, 6 months after discontinuation of maintenance ECT. She responded to acute rTMS treatment which was followed by the rTMS maintenance-protocol. Within 2 months of continuation rTMS she relapsed suffering from a severe non psychotic depressive episode and had to be switched to a successful ECT. In this patient rTMS had a good clinical impact as an acute treatment strategy, but failed to prevent relapse as the continuation ECT previously did in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Conca
- Department of Psychiatry I, Regional Hospital of Rankweil, LKH Rankweil, Valunastr. 16, Rankweil 6830, Austria.
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45
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Czeszumski A, Eustergerling S, Lang A, Menrath D, Gerstenberger M, Schuberth S, Schreiber F, Rendon ZZ, König P. Hyperscanning: A Valid Method to Study Neural Inter-brain Underpinnings of Social Interaction. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:39. [PMID: 32180710 PMCID: PMC7059252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interactions are a crucial part of human life. Understanding the neural underpinnings of social interactions is a challenging task that the hyperscanning method has been trying to tackle over the last two decades. Here, we review the existing literature and evaluate the current state of the hyperscanning method. We review the type of methods (fMRI, M/EEG, and fNIRS) that are used to measure brain activity from more than one participant simultaneously and weigh their pros and cons for hyperscanning. Further, we discuss different types of analyses that are used to estimate brain networks and synchronization. Lastly, we present results of hyperscanning studies in the context of different cognitive functions and their relations to social interactions. All in all, we aim to comprehensively present methods, analyses, and results from the last 20 years of hyperscanning research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Czeszumski
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sara Eustergerling
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anne Lang
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - David Menrath
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Schuberth
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Felix Schreiber
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institut für Neurophysiologie und Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Pieper M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Mall MA, Hüttmann G, König P. Intravital microscopic optical coherence tomography imaging to assess mucus-mobilizing interventions for muco-obstructive lung disease in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L518-L524. [PMID: 31994896 PMCID: PMC7093113 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00287.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus obstruction is a hallmark of chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and COPD, and the development of more effective mucus-mobilizing therapies remains an important unmet need for patients with these muco-obstructive lung diseases. However, methods for sensitive visualization and quantitative assessment of immediate effects of therapeutic interventions on mucus clearance in vivo are lacking. In this study, we determined whether newly developed high-speed microscopic optical coherence tomography (mOCT) is sensitive to detect and compare in vivo effects of inhaled isotonic saline, hypertonic saline, and bicarbonate on mucus mobilization and clearance in Scnn1b-transgenic mice with muco-obstructive lung disease. In vivo mOCT imaging showed that inhaled isotonic saline-induced rapid mobilization of mucus that was mainly transported as chunks from the lower airways of Scnn1b-transgenic mice. Hypertonic saline mobilized a significantly greater amount of mucus that showed a more uniform distribution compared with isotonic saline. The addition of bicarbonate-to-isotonic saline had no effect on mucus mobilization, but also led to a more uniform mucus layer compared with treatment with isotonic saline alone. mOCT can detect differences in response to mucus-mobilizing interventions in vivo, and may thus support the development of more effective therapies for patients with muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pieper
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck, Germany
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Finger H, Gast R, Gerloff C, Engel AK, König P. Probing neural networks for dynamic switches of communication pathways. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007551. [PMID: 31841504 PMCID: PMC6936858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic communication and routing play important roles in the human brain in order to facilitate flexibility in task solving and thought processes. Here, we present a network perturbation methodology that allows investigating dynamic switching between different network pathways based on phase offsets between two external oscillatory drivers. We apply this method in a computational model of the human connectome with delay-coupled neural masses. To analyze dynamic switching of pathways, we define four new metrics that measure dynamic network response properties for pairs of stimulated nodes. Evaluating these metrics for all network pathways, we found a broad spectrum of pathways with distinct dynamic properties and switching behaviors. We show that network pathways can have characteristic timescales and thus specific preferences for the phase lag between the regions they connect. Specifically, we identified pairs of network nodes whose connecting paths can either be (1) insensitive to the phase relationship between the node pair, (2) turned on and off via changes in the phase relationship between the node pair, or (3) switched between via changes in the phase relationship between the node pair. Regarding the latter, we found that 33% of node pairs can switch their communication from one pathway to another depending on their phase offsets. This reveals a potential mechanistic role that phase offsets and coupling delays might play for the dynamic information routing via communication pathways in the brain. A big challenge in elucidating information processing in the brain is to understand the neural mechanisms that dynamically organize the communication between different brain regions in a flexible and task-dependent manner. In this theoretical study, we present an approach to investigate the routing and gating of information flow along different pathways from one region to another. We show that stimulation of the brain at two sites with different frequencies and oscillatory phases can reveal the underlying effective connectivity. This yields new insights into the underlying processes that govern dynamic switches in the communication pathways between remote sites of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Finger
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Gast
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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48
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Kallioinen N, Pershina M, Zeiser J, Nosrat Nezami F, Pipa G, Stephan A, König P. Moral Judgements on the Actions of Self-Driving Cars and Human Drivers in Dilemma Situations From Different Perspectives. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2415. [PMID: 31749736 PMCID: PMC6844247 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-driving cars have the potential to greatly improve public safety. However, their introduction onto public roads must overcome both ethical and technical challenges. To further understand the ethical issues of introducing self-driving cars, we conducted two moral judgement studies investigating potential differences in the moral norms applied to human drivers and self-driving cars. In the experiments, participants made judgements on a series of dilemma situations involving human drivers or self-driving cars. We manipulated which perspective situations were presented from in order to ascertain the effect of perspective on moral judgements. Two main findings were apparent from the results of the experiments. First, human drivers and self-driving cars were largely judged similarly. However, there was a stronger tendency to prefer self-driving cars to act in ways to minimize harm, compared to human drivers. Second, there was an indication that perspective influences judgements in some situations. Specifically, when considering situations from the perspective of a pedestrian, people preferred actions that would endanger car occupants instead of themselves. However, they did not show such a self-preservation tendency when the alternative was to endanger other pedestrians to save themselves. This effect was more prevalent for judgements on human drivers than self-driving cars. Overall, the results extend and agree with previous research, again contradicting existing ethical guidelines for self-driving car decision making and highlighting the difficulties with adapting public opinion to decision making algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Kallioinen
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maria Pershina
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jannik Zeiser
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Philosophy, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Gordon Pipa
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Achim Stephan
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Sütfeld LR, Ehinger BV, König P, Pipa G. How does the method change what we measure? Comparing virtual reality and text-based surveys for the assessment of moral decisions in traffic dilemmas. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223108. [PMID: 31596864 PMCID: PMC6785059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of how self-driving cars should behave in dilemma situations has recently attracted a lot of attention in science, media and society. A growing number of publications amass insight into the factors underlying the choices we make in such situations, often using forced-choice paradigms closely linked to the trolley dilemma. The methodology used to address these questions, however, varies widely between studies, ranging from fully immersive virtual reality settings to completely text-based surveys. In this paper we compare virtual reality and text-based assessments, analyzing the effect that different factors in the methodology have on decisions and emotional response of participants. We present two studies, comparing a total of six different conditions varying across three dimensions: The level of abstraction, the use of virtual reality, and time-constraints. Our results show that the moral decisions made in this context are not strongly influenced by the assessment, and the compared methods ultimately appear to measure very similar constructs. Furthermore, we add to the pool of evidence on the underlying factors of moral judgment in traffic dilemmas, both in terms of general preferences, i.e., features of the particular situation and potential victims, as well as in terms of individual differences between participants, such as their age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon René Sütfeld
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gordon Pipa
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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50
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Hernandez-Garcia A, Zuiderbaan W, Edadan A, Dumoulin SO, König P. Saliency and the population receptive field model to identify images from brain activity. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akhil Edadan
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, 1105 BK Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Serge O. Dumoulin
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, 1105 BK Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Netherlands
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology und Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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