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Gee KA, Cooc N, Yu P. Hate Speech Against Asian American Youth: Pre-Pandemic Trends and The Role of School Factors. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-01987-8. [PMID: 38704469 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Although hate speech against Asian American youth has intensified in recent years-fueled, in part, by anti-Asian rhetoric associated with the COVID-19 pandemic-the phenomenon remains largely understudied at scale and in relation to the role of schools prior to the pandemic. This study describes the prevalence of hate speech against Asian American adolescents in the US between 2015 and 2019 and investigates how school-related factors are associated with whether Asian American youth are victims of hate speech at school. Analyses are based on a sample of 938 Asian American adolescents (Mage = 14.8; 48% female) from the three most recently available waves (2015, 2017, and 2019) of the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey. On average, approximately 7% of Asian Americans were targets of hate speech at school between 2015 and 2019, with rates remaining stable over time. Findings also indicate that students had lower odds of experiencing hate speech if they attended schools with a stronger authoritative school climate, which is characterized by strict, yet fair disciplinary rules coupled with high levels of support from adults. On the other hand, Asian American youth faced higher odds of experiencing hate speech if they were involved in school fights. Authoritative school climate and exposure to fights are malleable and can be shaped directly by broader school climate related policies, programs and interventions. Accordingly, efforts to promote stronger authoritative climates and reduce exposure to physical fights hold considerable potential in protecting Asian American youth from hate speech at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Gee
- School of Education, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - North Cooc
- College of Education, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- School of Education, University of California, Davis, USA
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Martino AM, Santos J, Giron A, Schomberg J, Goodman LF, Nahmias J, Nguyen DV, Grigorian A, Olaya J, Yu P, Guner YS. Variability in Standardized Mortality Rates Among Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Trauma Centers. J Pediatr Surg 2024:S0022-3468(24)00166-0. [PMID: 38580548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients and care is highly variable. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) summarizes the mortality rate of a specific center relative to the expected rates across all centers, adjusted for case-mix. This study aimed to evaluate variations in SMRs among pediatric trauma centers for TBI. METHODS Patients aged 1-18 diagnosed with TBI within the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) from 2017 to 2019 were included. Center-specific SMRs and 95% confidence intervals identified centers with mortality rates significantly better or worse than the median SMR for all centers. RESULTS 316 centers with 10,598 patients were included. SMRs were risk-adjusted for patient risk factors. Unadjusted mortality ranged from 16.5 to 29.5%. Three centers (1.5%) had significantly better SMR (SMR <1) and three centers (1.5%) had significantly worse SMR (SMR >1). Significantly better centers had a lower proportion of neurosurgical intervention (2.4% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001), a higher proportion of supplemental oxygen administration (93.7% vs. 83.5%, p = 0.004) and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (53.2% vs. 40.6%, p < 0.001) compared to significantly worse centers. CONCLUSIONS This study identified centers that have significantly higher and lower mortality rates for pediatric TBI patients relative to the overall median rate. These data provide a benchmark for pediatric TBI outcomes and institutional quality improvement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Comparative Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Martino
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Santos
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Andreina Giron
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - John Schomberg
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Laura F Goodman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jeffry Nahmias
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Danh V Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Areg Grigorian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns and Surgical Critical Care, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Joffre Olaya
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Yigit S Guner
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
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Chen J, Woods BD, Yu P, Hocevar M, Car D, Plissard SR, Bakkers EPAM, Stanescu TD, Frolov SM. Erratum: Ubiquitous Non-Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks in Nanowire Devices [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 107703 (2019)]. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:099901. [PMID: 38489658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.099901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.107703.
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Yu P, Huang L, Li Q. [Investigating ocular parameters for predicting anomalous vault among phakic intraocular lens patients]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2023; 59:1003-1011. [PMID: 38061901 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20231024-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationships between preoperative ocular parameters and postoperative anomalous vaults, and research their predictive diagnostic value. Methods: In this retrospective case series study, 664 eyes from 332 patients underwent posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation at Shanghai Bright Eye Hospital and Wuxi Huaxia Eye Hospital from November 2020 to November 2021. Preoperative ocular parameters, including spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, horizontal/vertical ciliary sulcus diameters (HCS/VCS), white-to-white diameters (WTW), corneal steep/flat curvature, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial length were collected. The pIOL vaults were measured 3 months after surgery. Patients were categorized into low vault group, optimal vault group, and high vault group based on whether the vault fell within the ideal range (250 to 750 μm). Using the optimal vault group as a benchmark, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for each ocular parameter of the low and high vault groups to analyze diagnostic efficiency and cut-off values for abnormal vaults after pIOL operation. Each ocular parameter was used as an independent variable to establish a multivariate logistic regression model for two different vault anomalies. ROC curves were drawn and analyzed again based on the regression results. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in WTW, HCS-WTW, ACD, and LT among the three groups. Comparisons between each pair of groups indicated that WTW in the high vault group significantly differed from the other two groups (P<0.05), HCS-WTW in the low vault group significantly differed from the other groups (P<0.05), and ACD and LT explained statistical differences among the three groups (P<0.05), while other parameters showed no differences. ROC curves illustrated that independent ocular parameters such as LT, HCS-WTW, and ACD had clinical predictive diagnostic significance for low vault abnormalities. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity for these parameters were 0.829(0.952, 0.561), 0.745(0.857, 0.644), and 0.730(0.619, 0.853), respectively. The diagnostic cut-off values were 3.745, 0.020, and 2.975 mm, respectively. The clinical predictive significance of independent ocular parameters in diagnosing the high vault group was poor (AUC<0.7). The predictive Logistic model equation for low vault was Logistic(V1)=-10.067+5.328·HCS-3.620·WTW+6.263·LT, and the predictive model for high vault was Logistic(V2)=6.232+1.323·WTW-3.358·LT. The new parameters in the predictive equation significantly improved the diagnostic efficiency of low and high vault abnormalities, reaching 0.884(0.810, 0.824) and 0.736(0.810, 0.554), respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative predictive diagnostic parameters for postoperative low vault group included LT, HCS-WTW, and ACD, while the high vault group had no independent predictive diagnostic parameters. Logistic regression improved the predictive diagnostic efficiency of abnormal vaults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Wuxi Huaxia Eye Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - L Huang
- Wuxi Huaxia Eye Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Q Li
- Shanghai Bright Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200050, China
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Shah NR, Cockrell HC, Keller NE, Diaz-Miron J, Meckmongkol TT, Yu P, Englum B, Richards MK, Martin K. Debunking Myths of Gender Informed Care: What Every Pediatric Surgeon Should Know. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:2286-2293. [PMID: 37690870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
As the transgender population in the United States grows, gender-affirming care is becoming increasingly relevant to the practice of pediatric surgery. Medical care for the transgender and gender diverse population is a politically charged topic with significant complexity and opportunities for clarification. It is important for providers to better understand this population's unique health and social needs. This review aims to debunk long-standing myths regarding gender-affirming care and highlight the current therapeutic and legislative landscapes within the scope of pediatric surgical practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil R Shah
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hannah C Cockrell
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah E Keller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Jose Diaz-Miron
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Teerin T Meckmongkol
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Nemours Children's Health Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange CA, USA
| | - Brian Englum
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Maryland Children's Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morgan K Richards
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St. Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Kathryn Martin
- Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Wen CJ, Wang MH, Yu P, Zhou Q. [Advances in clinical significance and detection methods research of high density lipoprotein subfractions]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:1901-1907. [PMID: 38008584 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20230220-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important biochemical index of clinical cardiovascular disease. Many new studies have demonstrated abnormalities of plasma HDL subfractions in patients with this disease,and their clinical significance is greater than the overall abnormalities of HDL. Therefore,the HDL subfraction as an important factor in cardiovascular disease has attracted extensive research and attention. This article summarizes current research on HDL subfractions,their measurements and their relationships with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wen
- Jinyu School of Laboratory Medicine,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260,China
| | - M H Wang
- Laboratory Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260,China
| | - P Yu
- Laboratory Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260,China
| | - Q Zhou
- Laboratory Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260,China
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Castaneda DC, Jangra S, Yurieva M, Martinek J, Callender M, Coxe M, Choi A, García-Bernalt Diego J, Lin J, Wu TC, Marches F, Chaussabel D, Yu P, Salner A, Aucello G, Koff J, Hudson B, Church SE, Gorman K, Anguiano E, García-Sastre A, Williams A, Schotsaert M, Palucka K. Spatiotemporally organized immunomodulatory response to SARS-CoV-2 virus in primary human broncho-alveolar epithelia. iScience 2023; 26:107374. [PMID: 37520727 PMCID: PMC10374611 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a health crisis with major unmet medical needs. The early responses from airway epithelial cells, the first target of the virus regulating the progression toward severe disease, are not fully understood. Primary human air-liquid interface cultures representing the broncho-alveolar epithelia were used to study the kinetics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants infection. The infection measured by nucleoprotein expression, was a late event appearing between day 4-6 post infection for Wuhan-like virus. Other variants demonstrated increasingly accelerated timelines of infection. All variants triggered similar transcriptional signatures, an "early" inflammatory/immune signature preceding a "late" type I/III IFN, but differences in the quality and kinetics were found, consistent with the timing of nucleoprotein expression. Response to virus was spatially organized: CSF3 expression in basal cells and CCL20 in apical cells. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers specific responses modulated over time to engage different arms of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marina Yurieva
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Jan Martinek
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Megan Callender
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Matthew Coxe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Angela Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jianan Lin
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Te-Chia Wu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | - Damien Chaussabel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- Hartford HealthCare Cancer Institute, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Andrew Salner
- Hartford HealthCare Cancer Institute, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Gabrielle Aucello
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Jonathan Koff
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Briana Hudson
- Nanostring Technologies, Translational Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah E. Church
- Nanostring Technologies, Translational Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kara Gorman
- Nanostring Technologies, Translational Sciences, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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Wei F, Yu P, Cheng J, Li F, Chia D, Wong DTW. Single-Droplet Microsensor for Ultra-Short Circulating EFGR Mutation Detection in Lung Cancer Based on Multiplex EFIRM Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10387. [PMID: 37373532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a rapidly emerging field that involves the minimal/non-invasive assessment of signature somatic mutations through the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shed by tumor cells in bodily fluids. Broadly speaking, the unmet need in liquid biopsy lung cancer detection is the lack of a multiplex platform that can detect a mutation panel of lung cancer genes using a minimum amount of sample, especially for ultra-short ctDNA (usctDNA). Here, we developed a non-PCR and non-NGS-based single-droplet-based multiplexing microsensor technology, "Electric-Field-Induced Released and Measurement (EFIRM) Liquid Biopsy" (m-eLB), for lung cancer-associated usctDNA. The m-eLB provides a multiplexable assessment of usctDNA within a single droplet of biofluid in only one well of micro-electrodes, as each electrode is coated with different probes for the ctDNA. This m-eLB prototype demonstrates accuracy for three tyrosine-kinase-inhibitor-related EGFR target sequences in synthetic nucleotides. The accuracy of the multiplexing assay has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98 for L858R, 0.94 for Ex19 deletion, and 0.93 for T790M. In combination, the 3 EGFR assay has an AUC of 0.97 for the multiplexing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jordan Cheng
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feng Li
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Chia
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David T W Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Peterson DR, Seemann F, Wan MT, Ye RR, Chen L, Lai KP, Yu P, Kong RYC, Au DWT. Multigenerational impacts of EE2 on reproductive fitness and immune competence of marine medaka. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 260:106584. [PMID: 37267806 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDC) have been suspected to impact offspring in a transgenerational manner via modifications of the germline epigenome in the directly exposed generations. A holistic assessment of the concentration/ exposure duration-response, threshold level, and critical exposure windows (parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis) for the transgenerational evaluation of reproduction and immune compromise concomitantly will inform the overall EEDC exposure risk. We conducted a multigenerational study using the environmental estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the marine laboratory model fish Oryzias melastigma (adult, F0) and their offspring (F1-F4) to identify transgenerationally altered offspring generations and phenotype persistence. Three exposure scenarios were used: short parental exposure, long parental exposure, and a combined parental and embryonic exposure using two concentrations of EE2 (33ng/L, 113ng/L). The reproductive fitness of fish was evaluated by assessing fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching success, and sex ratio. Immune competence was assessed in adults via a host-resistance assay. EE2 exposure during both parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis was found to induce concentration/ exposure duration-dependent transgenerational reproductive effects in the unexposed F4 offspring. Furthermore, embryonic exposure to 113 ng/L EE2 induced feminization of the directly exposed F1 generation, followed by subsequent masculinization of the F2 and F3 generations. A sex difference was found in the transgenerationally impaired reproductive output with F4 females being sensitive to the lowest concentration of EE2 (33 ng/L) upon long-term ancestral parent exposure (21 days). Conversely, F4 males were affected by ancestral embryonic EE2 exposure. No definitive transgenerational impacts on immune competence were identified in male or female offspring. In combination, these results indicate that EEDCs can be transgenerational toxicants that may negatively impact the reproductive success and population sustainability of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Center for Coastal Studies, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5800, USA.
| | - Miles T Wan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Roy R Ye
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Keng P Lai
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Peter Yu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Richard Y C Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Li Z, Xie BC, Lyu PJ, Wang HX, Li Y, Wang CH, Li X, Ye SW, Li G, Pang PF, Zhang YY, Yu P. [Clinical value of nomogram model in evaluating the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma after interventional therapy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:1217-1224. [PMID: 37087405 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221124-02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical value and efficacy of the nomogram model in evaluating the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma after interventional therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 259 patients with cholangiocarcinoma who received interventional therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of zhengzhou University from January 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 148 males and 111 females, aged from 26 to 91 (65±12) years. They were randomly divided into a training group (181 cases) and a validation group (78 cases) in a ratio of 7∶3. Cox regression analysis was performed in the training group, independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients were screened, and a nomogram for 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival was constructed. The performance of the nomogram was analyzed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value, calibration curve, and decision curve, and the predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated in the validation group. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline data between the training group and the validation group, which was comparable. Regression analysis showed that T stage (T2: HR=0.147,95%CI: 0.077-0.281;T3: HR=0.207,95%CI: 0.122-0.351;T4: HR=0.864,95%CI: 0.537-1.393), tumor diameter (17-33 mm: HR=0.201,95%CI: 0.119-0.341;≥33 mm: HR=0.795,95%CI: 0.521-1.211) and differentiation degree(middle differentiation: HR=3.318,95%CI: 2.082-5.289;highly differentiation: HR=1.842,95%CI: 1.184-2.867) were risk factors affecting the prognosis of interventional therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. The AUC values of the survival curve prediction models were generally consistent between the training and validation groups, and the AUC values of the training group at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 0.925 (95%CI: 0.888-0.963), 0.921 (95%CI: 0.877-0.964) and 0.974 (95%CI: 0.957-0.993), respectively. In the validation group, the 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year AUC values were 0.951 (95%CI: 0.911-0.991), 0.917 (95%CI: 0.857-0.977) and 0.848 (95%CI: 0.737-0.959), respectively, and the AUC values were all greater than 0.8, suggesting that the nomogram had better discrimination ability. The calibration curves of the prediction models of the two groups were basically consistent, and the shape of the calibration curves at 6 months and 1 year fitted the ideal curve, while the fitting degree of the calibration curves at 2 years was relatively poor. The decision curve showed the high clinical utility of this nomogram in predicting the 6-month, 1-year survival of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions: T stage, tumor diameter, and differentiation are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with interventional cholangiocarcinoma, and the nomogram model proposed in this study has good distinguishing ability and exact clinical value for prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University;Engineering Technology Research Center for Minimally Invasive Interventional Tumors of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - B C Xie
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University;Engineering Technology Research Center for Minimally Invasive Interventional Tumors of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - P J Lyu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - H X Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - C H Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University;Engineering Technology Research Center for Minimally Invasive Interventional Tumors of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - S W Ye
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University;Engineering Technology Research Center for Minimally Invasive Interventional Tumors of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - P F Pang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University;Engineering Technology Research Center for Minimally Invasive Interventional Tumors of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University;Engineering Technology Research Center for Minimally Invasive Interventional Tumors of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052, China
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11
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Zhou BW, Zhang J, Ye XB, Liu GX, Xu X, Wang J, Liu ZH, Zhou L, Liao ZY, Yao HB, Xu S, Shi JJ, Shen X, Yu XH, Hu ZW, Lin HJ, Chen CT, Qiu XG, Dong C, Zhang JX, Yu RC, Yu P, Jin KJ, Meng QB, Long YW. Octahedral Distortion and Displacement-Type Ferroelectricity with Switchable Photovoltaic Effect in a 3d^{3}-Electron Perovskite System. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:146101. [PMID: 37084444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.146101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the half-filled t_{2g}-electron configuration, the BO_{6} octahedral distortion in a 3d^{3} perovskite system is usually very limited. In this Letter, a perovskitelike oxide Hg_{0.75}Pb_{0.25}MnO_{3} (HPMO) with a 3d^{3} Mn^{4+} state was synthesized by using high pressure and high temperature methods. This compound exhibits an unusually large octahedral distortion enhanced by approximately 2 orders of magnitude compared with that observed in other 3d^{3} perovskite systems like RCr^{3+}O_{3} (R=rare earth). Essentially different from centrosymmetric HgMnO_{3} and PbMnO_{3}, the A-site doped HPMO presents a polar crystal structure with the space group Ama2 and a substantial spontaneous electric polarization (26.5 μC/cm^{2} in theory) arising from the off-center displacements of A- and B-site ions. More interestingly, a prominent net photocurrent and switchable photovoltaic effect with a sustainable photoresponse were observed in the current polycrystalline HPMO. This Letter provides an exceptional d^{3} material system which shows unusually large octahedral distortion and displacement-type ferroelectricity violating the "d^{0}-ness" rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X B Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - G X Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Z H Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Y Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H B Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J J Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X H Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z W Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - H J Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C T Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - X G Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J X Zhang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - R C Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - P Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - K J Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Q B Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y W Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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12
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Castaneda DC, Jangra S, Yurieva M, Martinek J, Callender M, Coxe M, Choi A, Diego JGB, Lin J, Wu TC, Marches F, Chaussabel D, Yu P, Salner A, Aucello G, Koff J, Hudson B, Church SE, Gorman K, Anguiano E, García-Sastre A, Williams A, Schotsaert M, Palucka K. Spatiotemporally organized immunomodulatory response to SARS-CoV-2 virus in primary human broncho-alveolar epithelia. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.30.534980. [PMID: 37034597 PMCID: PMC10081226 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a health crisis with major unmet medical needs. The early responses from airway epithelial cells, the first target of the virus regulating the progression towards severe disease, are not fully understood. Primary human air-liquid interface cultures representing the broncho-alveolar epithelia were used to study the kinetics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants infection. The infection measured by nucleoprotein expression, was a late event appearing between day 4-6 post infection for Wuhan-like virus. Other variants demonstrated increasingly accelerated timelines of infection. All variants triggered similar transcriptional signatures, an "early" inflammatory/immune signature preceding a "late" type I/III IFN, but differences in the quality and kinetics were found, consistent with the timing of nucleoprotein expression. Response to virus was spatially organized: CSF3 expression in basal cells and CCL20 in apical cells. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers specific responses modulated over time to engage different arms of immune response.
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13
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Katich JM, Apel EC, Bourgeois I, Brock CA, Bui TP, Campuzano-Jost P, Commane R, Daube B, Dollner M, Fromm M, Froyd KD, Hills AJ, Hornbrook RS, Jimenez JL, Kupc A, Lamb KD, McKain K, Moore F, Murphy DM, Nault BA, Peischl J, Perring AE, Peterson DA, Ray EA, Rosenlof KH, Ryerson T, Schill GP, Schroder JC, Weinzierl B, Thompson C, Williamson CJ, Wofsy SC, Yu P, Schwarz JP. Pyrocumulonimbus affect average stratospheric aerosol composition. Science 2023; 379:815-820. [PMID: 36821693 DOI: 10.1126/science.add3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) are wildfire-generated convective clouds that can inject smoke directly into the stratosphere. PyroCb have been tracked for years, yet their apparent rarity and episodic nature lead to highly uncertain climate impacts. In situ measurements of pyroCb smoke reveal its distinctive and exceptionally stable aerosol properties and define the long-term influence of pyroCb activity on the stratospheric aerosol budget. Analysis of 13 years of airborne observations shows that pyroCb are responsible for 10 to 25% of the black carbon and organic aerosols in the "present-day" lower stratosphere, with similar impacts in both the North and South Hemispheres. These results suggest that, should pyroCb increase in frequency and/or magnitude in future climates, they could generate dominant trends in stratospheric aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Katich
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - E C Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - I Bourgeois
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C A Brock
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T P Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - P Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Commane
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - B Daube
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Dollner
- Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fromm
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K D Froyd
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A J Hills
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R S Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Kupc
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K D Lamb
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - K McKain
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - F Moore
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D M Murphy
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - B A Nault
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
| | - J Peischl
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A E Perring
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | | | - E A Ray
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - K H Rosenlof
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T Ryerson
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G P Schill
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J C Schroder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - B Weinzierl
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Thompson
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C J Williamson
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S C Wofsy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Yu
- Institute of Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Schwarz
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
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14
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Shao X, Liu H, Hou F, Bai Y, Cui Z, Lin Y, Jiang X, Bai P, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lu C, Liu H, Zhou S, Yu P. Development and validation of risk prediction models for stroke and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes in northern China. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:271-283. [PMID: 35972686 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Risk models have been developed for predicting stroke and stroke-associated mortality among patients with T2DM. Here, we evaluated risk factors of stroke for individualized prevention measures in patients with T2DM in northern China. METHODS In the community-based Tianjin Chronic Disease Cohort study, 58,042 patients were enrolled between January 2014 and December 2019. We used multiple imputation (MI) to impute missing variables and univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression to screen risk factors of stroke. Furthermore, we established and validated first-ever prediction models for stroke (Model 1 and Model 2) and death from stroke (Model 3) and evaluated their performance. RESULTS In the derivation and validation groups, the area under the curves (AUCs) of Models 1-3 was better at 5 years than at 8 years. The Harrell's C-index for all models was above 0.7. All models had good calibration, discrimination, and clinical net benefit. Sensitivity analysis using the MI dataset indicated that all models had good and stable prediction performance. CONCLUSION In this study, we developed and validated first-ever risk prediction models for stroke and death from stroke in patients with T2DM, with good discrimination and calibration observed in all models. Based on lifestyle, demographic characteristics, and laboratory examination, these models could provide multidimensional management and individualized risk assessment. However, the models developed here may only be applicable to Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - H Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - F Hou
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Z Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - X Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - P Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Y Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - C Lu
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - H Liu
- Community Health Service Center, Jiefang Road, Tanggu Street, Binhai New District, Tianjin, China
| | - S Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - P Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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15
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Zhu Z, Yu P, Wu Y, Wu Y, Tan Z, Ling J, Ma J, Zhang J, Zhu W, Liu X. Sex Specific Global Burden of Osteoporosis in 204 Countries and Territories, from 1990 to 2030: An Age-Period-Cohort Modeling Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:767-774. [PMID: 37754217 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease with distinct sex pattern. We aimed to estimate the sex specific incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life (DALYs) years of osteoporosis between 1990 and 2019, with additional predictions from 2020 to 2034. METHODS We collected osteoporosis disease burden data from the Global Burden of Disease study covering the years 1990 through 2019 in 204 countries and territories. The data included information on the number of incident cases of osteoporosis, DALYs, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and age-standardized DALYs rates. Additionally, we performed an age-period-cohort analysis to forecast the burden of osteoporosis. RESULTS The global number of incidence cases of osteoporosis, in 2019, reached 41.5 million cases. From 1990 to 2019, the low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) region had the highest estimated annual percentage change in the world. Compared to males, female's ASIR and ASPR were all about 1.5 times higher than males for the same years in the same SDI regions. The projected global total number of incidence cases for osteoporosis between 2030 and 2034 is estimated to reach 263.2 million (154.4 million for females and 108.8 for males). Additionally, the burden in terms of DALYs is predicted to be 128.7 million (with 78.4 million for females and 50.3 million for males). CONCLUSION The global burden of osteoporosis is still increasing, mainly observed in high SDI countries. Females bear a burden 1.5 times higher than males in terms of incidence and DALYs. Steps should be taken to reduce the osteoporosis burden, especially in high SDI countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhu
- Jing Zhang, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1st Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China, E-mail: ; Xiao Liu, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China, E-mail:
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16
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Hasjim BJ, Ostowari A, Holmes WN, Yu Y, Yu P, Reyna T, Bhatt J, Awan S, Goodman LF. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus descending necrotizing mediastinitis in an infant. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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17
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Deng H, Liu Q, Chen A, Kuang T, Yuan P, Gateno J, Kim D, Barber J, Xiong K, Yu P, Gu K, Xu X, Yan P, Shen D, Xia J. Clinical feasibility of deep learning-based automatic head CBCT image segmentation and landmark detection in computer-aided surgical simulation for orthognathic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022:S0901-5027(22)00425-8. [PMID: 36372697 PMCID: PMC10169531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this ambispective study was to investigate whether deep learning-based automatic segmentation and landmark detection, the SkullEngine, could be used for orthognathic surgical planning. Sixty-one sets of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were automatically inferred for midface, mandible, upper and lower teeth, and 68 landmarks. The experimental group included automatic segmentation and landmarks, while the control group included manual ones that were previously used to plan orthognathic surgery. The qualitative analysis of segmentation showed that all of the automatic results could be used for computer-aided surgical simulation. Among these, 98.4% of midface, 70.5% of mandible, 98.4% of upper teeth, and 93.4% of lower teeth could be directly used without manual revision. The Dice similarity coefficient was 96% and the average symmetric surface distance was 0.1 mm for all four structures. With SkullEngine, it took 4 minutes to complete the automatic segmentation and an additional 10 minutes for a manual touchup. The results also showed the overall mean difference between the two groups was 2.3 mm for the midface and 2.4 mm for the mandible. In summary, the authors believe that automatic segmentation using SkullEngine is ready for daily practice. However, the accuracy of automatic landmark digitization needs to be improved.
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18
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Tsoi N, Xiang A, Yu P, Sohn SS, Schwartz G, Ramesh S, Hussein M, Gupta AW, Kapadia M, Vazquez M. SEAN 2.0: Formalizing and Generating Social Situations for Robot Navigation. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3196783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Yu
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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19
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Nosrat A, Yu P, Verma P, Dianat O, Wu D, Fouad AF. Was the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Associated with an Increased Rate of Cracked Teeth? J Endod 2022; 48:1241-1247. [PMID: 35835260 PMCID: PMC9273286 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is lack of data on whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with changes in the etiology of pathosis in endodontic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of cracks and other etiologic factors during the period of March 16th to May 31st in 2020 (COVID-19 initial outbreak) and 2021 (COVID-19 ongoing pandemic) compared with figures from the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID era) in 2 endodontists' practices. METHODS The etiologies of patients' chief complaints were determined from records of 2440 teeth (740 in 2019, 651 in 2020, and 1049 in 2021). Changes in the proportion of etiologic factors among all 3 periods were analyzed. The association between the rate of cracked teeth and patients' age and sex was determined using a logistic regression model. RESULTS The rates of all etiologies collectively during the studied periods showed a significant change (P < .0001). The rate of cracks significantly increased in 2020 (11.8%) (P = .0001) and 2021 (8%) (P = .0018) compared with 2019 (4.3%). The rate of persistent infections decreased in 2020 (22.3%) (P = .0013) and then increased in 2021 (27.5%) (P = .0153) compared with 2019 (30%). Cracked teeth were associated with the age group of 40-60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.882; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.063-3.330) in 2020 and with age ranges of 40-60 years (OR = 2.051; 95% CI, 1.120-3.759) and >60 years (OR = 2.038; 95% CI, 1.050-3.956) and male sex (OR = 1.599; 95% CI, 1.019-2.510) in 2021. CONCLUSIONS The rate of cracked teeth increased during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year later. This study provided evidence on the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the rate and presentation of endodontic etiologic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nosrat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland,Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Peter Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Prashant Verma
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland,Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia,Private Practice, Capitol Endodontics, Washington, DC
| | - Omid Dianat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland,Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ashraf F. Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Address requests for reprints to Dr Ashraf F. Fouad, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 Seventh Avenue South, Room 610, Birmingham, AL 35294
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20
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Refat B, Yu P. PSVIII-19 Predict Indigestible Fiber Fraction of Barley Plant Silage by Using non-Destructive Mid-IR vs Near-IR Spectroscopic Techniques. J Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the potential of using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as tools for the determination of indigestible neutral (NDF) fraction (iNDF) of barley plant silage. A total of 48 barley plant silage samples collected from different farms in Western Canada provinces were analyzed for iNDF. Reference values were matched with NIR and FTIR spectra. Spectral data processing (pretreatments) included first derivative (FD), standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scattering correction (MSC), second derivative (SD) and orthogonal signal correction (OSC). Prediction equations were obtained from each model using an external validation set. The determination coefficient of external validation (R2P) of iNDF was 0.62 for FTIR, while 0.41 for NIR and the corresponding ratio performance deviation (RPD) were 1.69 and 1.38 in FTIR and NIR, respectively. Results from this research showed the high potential of applying infrared molecular spectroscopy for the examination of forage plant fiber digestibility. More studies are needed to improve the accuracy and performance of FTIR and NIR spectroscopies in predicting the iNDF of barley plant silage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Yu
- University of Saskatchewan
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21
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Oliveira A, Yu P. PSXIII-12 Characterization of Physiochemical and Nutrient Profiles of Feedstock and co-Products from Canola bio-oil Processing in Ruminants: Impacted by Source Origin. J Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize physiochemical and nutrient profiles of feedstock and co-products from canola processing that were impacted by source origin to compare feedstocks and co-products (mash and pellet) from five different bio-oil processing plants with five batches of samples in each processing plant in Canada (CA) and in China (CH) collected by the Canola Council of Canada (CCC). The detailed physicochemical and nutrients parameters for ruminants were determined in chemical composition, TDN and truly digestible nutrients, energy profile (ME, NE), and protein and carbohydrate subfractions and their degradation and digestion in dairy cows. The data were analyzed using the Mixed model procedure in SAS 9.4 with RCBD. The treatment differences were compared using Tukey method. The results showed CP was greater in CH meals (P=0.003). The EE was not different between CA and CH (P >0.05). TDN1x was similar in canola meals regardless of the country (P >0.05). CH meals and feedstock had greater tdCP and tdNDF than CA (P< 0.05), while CA had greater tdNFC (P< 0.05). The energy values of ME3x, NELp3x, NEm3x, and NEg3x were similar in canola meals from both countries (P >0.05). No differences were observed in the energy profile of feedstock between CA and CH (P >0.05). The results also showed that pelleting affected the protein fractionation of CA canola meals (P< 0.05). Canola meals were different between CA and CH in the soluble (PA2) and slowly degradable fractions (PB2) (P< 0.05). The carbohydrate fractions of soluble fiber (CB2), digestible fiber (CB3), and indigestible fiber (CC) were different among CH meals (P< 0.05). CH presented greater water-soluble carbohydrate (CA4, P=0.04) and less CB2 (P=0.01) and CC (P< 0.001) than CA canola meals. Although the seeds were similar within and between counties, the oil-extraction process and pelleting seemed to have generated some different aspects on the meals in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Yu
- University of Saskatchewan
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22
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Feng X, Prates L, Yu P. PSI-18 Effect of Heat Processing Methods on Carbohydrate Subfractions and Degradation in Relation to Carbohydrate Molecular Spectral Profile of Barley Grain Using Advanced Molecular Spectroscopy in Ruminants. J Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To our knowledge, there are few studies on the association between carbohydrate molecular structure spectral profiles of barley grain and ruminant-relevant nutritional characteristics. This study aimed to study associate processing-induced changes in carbohydrate molecular structure with changes in ruminant-relevant carbohydrate nutritional profiles. The heat processing methods included: dry roasting, autoclaving, and microwave irradiation. The ruminant-relevant carbohydrate nutritional profiles were determined which included carbohydrate chemical profiles, carbohydrate subfractions, ruminant-relevant carbohydrate digestion. The molecular structure spectral profiles were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR-FT/IR). The results showed that heat related processing significantly induced carbohydrate molecular spectral profiles. The heat related processing also significantly changed ruminant-relevant nutritional characteristics. There was an association between processing induced carbohydrate molecular structure changes and ruminant-relevant carbohydrate nutritional profiles. The advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopic technique (ATR-FTIR) shows the great potential as a fast analytical tool to predict ruminant-relevant carbohydrate nutritional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Feng
- University of Saskatchewan
| | | | - P Yu
- University of Saskatchewan
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23
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Halabi S, Luo B, Dzimitrowicz H, Hwang C, Wise-Draper T, Labaki C, McKay R, Ruiz E, Rangel-Escareño C, Farmakiotis D, Griffiths E, Jani C, Accordino M, Friese C, Wulff-Burchfield E, Puc M, Yu P, Topaloglu U, Mishra S, Warner J. 501P A prognostic model of all-cause mortality at 30 days in patients with cancer and COVID-19. Ann Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9472539 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Liu LT, Chin AWH, Yu P, Poon LLM, Huang MX. Anti-pathogen stainless steel combating COVID-19. Chem Eng J 2022; 433:133783. [PMID: 34853550 PMCID: PMC8613009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.133783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits strong stability on conventional stainless steel (SS) surface, with infectious virus detected even after two days, posing a high risk of virus transmission via surface touching in public areas. In order to mitigate the surface toughing transmission, the present study develops the first SS with excellent anti-pathogen properties against SARS-COV-2. The stabilities of SARS-CoV-2, H1N1 influenza A virus (H1N1), and Escherichia coli (E.coli) on the surfaces of Cu-contained SS, pure Cu, Ag-contained SS, and pure Ag were investigated. It is discovered that pure Ag and Ag-contained SS surfaces do not display apparent inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1. In comparison, both pure Cu and Cu-contained SS with a high Cu content exhibit significant antiviral properties. Significantly, the developed anti-pathogen SS with 20 wt% Cu can distinctly reduce 99.75% and 99.99% of viable SARS-CoV-2 on its surface within 3 and 6 h, respectively. In addition, the present anti-pathogen SS also exhibits an excellent inactivation ability for H1N1 influenza A virus (H1N1), and Escherichia coli (E.coli). Interestingly, the Cu ion concentration released from the anti-pathogen SS with 10 wt% and 20 wt% Cu was notably higher than the Ag ion concentration released from Ag and the Ag-contained SS. Lift buttons made of the present anti-pathogen SS are produced using mature powder metallurgy technique, demonstrating its potential applications in public areas and fighting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens via surface touching.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - A W H Chin
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, PR China
- Centre for Immunity and Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - L L M Poon
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, PR China
- Centre for Immunity and Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, PR China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - M X Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
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Nosrat A, Yu P, Dianat O, Verma P, Taheri S, Wu D, Fouad AF. Endodontic Specialists’ Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic One Year After the Initial Outbreak. J Endod 2022; 48:699-706. [PMID: 35307515 PMCID: PMC8928705 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nosrat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Peter Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Omid Dianat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Prashant Verma
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia; Capitol Endodontics, Washington, DC
| | - Sahar Taheri
- Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Page JH, Londhe AA, Brooks C, Zhang J, Sprafka JM, Bennett C, Braunlin M, Brown CA, Charuworn P, Cheng A, Gill K, He F, Ma J, Petersen J, Ayodele O, Bao Y, Carlson KB, Chang SC, Devercelli G, Jonsson-Funk M, Jiang J, Keenan HA, Ren K, Roehl KA, Sanders L, Wang L, Wei Z, Xia Q, Yu P, Zhou L, Zhu J, Gondek K, Critchlow CW, Bradbury BD. Trends in characteristics and outcomes among US adults hospitalised with COVID-19 throughout 2020: an observational cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055137. [PMID: 35228287 PMCID: PMC8886119 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the temporal patterns of patient characteristics, treatments used and outcomes associated with COVID-19 in patients who were hospitalised for the disease between January and 15 November 2020. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING COVID-19 subset of the Optum deidentified electronic health records, including more than 1.8 million patients from across the USA. PARTICIPANTS There were 51 510 hospitalised patients who met the COVID-19 definition, with 37 617 in the laboratory positive cohort and 13 893 in the clinical cohort. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Incident acute clinical outcomes, including in-hospital all-cause mortality. RESULTS Respectively, 48% and 49% of the laboratory positive and clinical cohorts were women. The 50- 65 age group was the median age group for both cohorts. The use of antivirals and dexamethasone increased over time, fivefold and twofold, respectively, while the use of hydroxychloroquine declined by 98%. Among adult patients in the laboratory positive cohort, absolute age/sex standardised incidence proportion for in-hospital death changed by -0.036 per month (95% CI -0.042 to -0.031) from March to June 2020, but remained fairly flat from June to November, 2020 (0.001 (95% CI -0.001 to 0.003), 17.5% (660 deaths /3986 persons) in March and 10.2% (580/5137) in October); in the clinical cohort, the corresponding changes were -0.024 (95% CI -0.032 to -0.015) and 0.011 (95% CI 0.007 0.014), respectively (14.8% (175/1252) in March, 15.3% (189/1203) in October). Declines in the cumulative incidence of most acute clinical outcomes were observed in the laboratory positive cohort, but not for the clinical cohort. CONCLUSION The incidence of adverse clinical outcomes remains high among COVID-19 patients with clinical diagnosis only. Patients with COVID-19 entering the hospital are at elevated risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Page
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ajit A Londhe
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Corinne Brooks
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - J Michael Sprafka
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
- Woodford Research Associates, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Corina Bennett
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Megan Braunlin
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Carolyn A Brown
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Prista Charuworn
- Inflammation, Global Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Alvan Cheng
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Karminder Gill
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Fang He
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Junjie Ma
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | | | - Olulade Ayodele
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Bao
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Katherine B Carlson
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Shun-Chiao Chang
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giovanna Devercelli
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Global Evidence and Outcomes, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Pinehurst, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michele Jonsson-Funk
- Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny Jiang
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaili Ren
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly A Roehl
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Lynn Sanders
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luyang Wang
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Wei
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qian Xia
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linyun Zhou
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Zhu
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathleen Gondek
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Brian D Bradbury
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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Elias R, Eanniello M, Doney K, Yu Q, Kaehrle P, Vasquenza M, Santucci L, McBride A, Grunwald L, Korc-Grodzicki B, Shahrokni A, Yu P. A real-world geriatric oncology implementation strategy: The Epic Rapid Fitness Assessment. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Yu P, Xiong Y, Zhao P, Yu H, Arola D, Gao S. Ceramic Inlay Bonded Interfaces in Minimally Invasive Preparations: Damage and Contributing Mechanisms in Sliding Contact. Oper Dent 2021; 47:E1-E11. [PMID: 34843621 DOI: 10.2341/20-144-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the preparation of inlay cavities, a choice must be made between conventional standard and minimally invasive preparation designs; in the long run, this choice can affect the integrity of the bonded interface. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of minimally invasive cavity preparation designs on the extent and contributing mechanisms of damage to ceramic inlay bonded interfaces. METHODS AND MATERIALS Tooth blocks with 90°, 120° and 75° marginal angles were prepared, representing tooth cavities with conventional standard and minimally invasive preparations with large divergence and convergence angles and bonded to monolithic ceramic (IPS e.max CAD). Vickers indentations were placed at various distances from the bonded interface. The indentation morphology and crack length were observed. Reciprocating wear tests were performed on the bonded interface with a 20-newton (N) vertical load. The wear depth and wear-scar morphology were characterized after increments of cyclic sliding contact. RESULTS The 120° group exhibited longer indentation cracks in the ceramic, whereas the 75° group showed larger indentations in the enamel when compared to the 90° group (p<0.001). Consistent with the weaker edge crack resistance, the 120° group experienced the greatest wear (p=0.008), and the wear depth in the enamel of the 75° group exceeded that of the 90° group (p<0.001) in the early stage (5×102 cycles). However, no significant difference in the wear depth (p>0.147) and morphology were found at the later wear stage among the three groups. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, minimally invasive preparations with 120° and 75° marginal angles can result in early sever damage at the ceramic inlay bonded interface but show comparable wear behaviors to the conventional 90° group at the later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Ping Yu, PhD, DDS, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Xiong
- Yuhuan Xiong, MD, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - P Zhao
- Peng Zhao, MD, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Yu
- Haiyang Yu, PhD, DDS, professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Arola
- Dwayne Arola, PhD, professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Gao
- *Shanshan Gao, PhD, DDS, associate professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nosrat A, Dianat O, Verma P, Yu P, Wu D, Fouad AF. Endodontics Specialists' Practice during the Initial Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Endod 2021; 48:102-108. [PMID: 34626613 PMCID: PMC8493639 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States resulted in a nationwide closure of dental offices that created an oral health crisis. The aim of this observational study was to analyze and compare the characteristics of patients who visited 2 private endodontics offices from March 16 to May 31, 2020, compared with the same period in 2019. METHODS Demographic, diagnostic, and procedural data of 1520 (693 in 2020 and 827 in 2019) patient visits were collected. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patient-related variables. RESULTS Bivariate analyses showed that the number of patient visits decreased in April and May 2020 (P < .0001). In 2020, patients' self-reported pain level was higher, they were more frequently diagnosed with pulp necrosis and acute apical abscess, and they received more incisions for drainage (P < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with less visits for older patients (>49.5 years) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.720; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.573-0.906), more patients with kidney diseases (OR = 2.690; 95% CI, 1.143-6.331), higher levels of pain on percussion (OR = 2.277; 95% CI, 1.718-3.016), less cases with previously initiated treatment (OR = 0.242; 95% CI, 0.080-0.731), less periapical diagnoses of asymptomatic apical periodontitis (OR = 0.510; 95% CI, 0.306-0.849), and a higher number of nonsurgical root canal treatments (OR = 2.073; 95% CI, 1.397-3.074) and apicoectomies (OR = 2.799; 95% CI, 1.367-5.729). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that the public health burden of endodontic infections was more intense during the initial outbreak of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nosrat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Omid Dianat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Prashant Verma
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia; Private Practice, Capitol Endodontics, Washington, DC
| | - Peter Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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30
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Oliveira A, Yu P. PSXIII-12 Exploring nutritional differences of canola seeds and bio-processing co-products (meals, pellets) from different processing plants/companies in Canada and China for dairy cattle. J Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab235.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Canola was created as a low erucic acid and low glucosinolate seed, to produce high quality oil for human consumption and meal for use in livestock feed. China is an important user of Canadian canola products (seeds, oil, and meal). The extraction of the oil from the seed produces a co-product called canola meal. This meal is rich in protein and is used as a protein source in animal diets. However, differences in the characteristics of the seeds, or processing methods during oil extraction may affect the quality of this co-product. Plus, the synthesis of tissues and milk is related to the amino acids available to the animal for absorption in the small intestine. This study aimed to determine if there are significant differences in the intestinal digestibility (in vitro) of CP and DM between canola seeds and meals from different companies in Canada and to determine if there are significant differences between them in Canada and China. The three-step procedure was applied on residues from a 12-hour rumen incubation in fistulated dairy cows to estimate the intestinal digestibility of CP and DM. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) for TDDM (Total digestible dry matter) and IDP (intestinal digestibility of protein) of the meals between countries. The samples from China had higher TDDM (83.76% versus 81.53%, P = 0.018), while Canada’s had higher IDP (68.51% versus 65.28%, P = 0.016). No significant differences were observed within countries. Based on the material analyzed during this study, it is safe to affirm that there are no significant differences in the digestibility of DM and CP between Canada and China. It was concluded that the quality of the canola seeds or meals produced in both Canada and China were similar when used in dairy rations.
Key words: canola seeds and bio-processing co-products (meals, pellets), nutritional differences, dairy cows
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oliveira
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan
| | - P Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan
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Lang C, Yu P. PSXVI-26 Using synchrotron/globar techniques to reveal synergistic and interactive association between molecular structures and nutrient supply in enzymatic and thermal treated oat tissue and whole grain. J Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab235.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
As an advanced technique, synchrotron radiation-based microspectroscopy SR-FTIRM has been a rapid, direct, non-destructive and non-invasive bioanalytical method. Globar molecular spectroscopic technique -attenuated total reflectance-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy will be used. For this research, feed type CDC Nasser, forage type CDC haymaker, and milling types CDC Arborg and Summit with three consecutive years are studied. There are three treatments for oat samples: Treatment 1, steam pressure processing alone; Treatment 2, adding innovative fibrolytic enzyme; Treatment 3, steam pressure processing plus fibrolytic enzyme. Each treatment combination has three replications. The objectives of this research are to detect the molecular structure spectral features of processed oat endosperm tissues at a molecular and cellular level in relation to chemical profiles, protein and carbohydrate fractions, energy profiles, degradation kinetics, intestinal digestibility, microbial protein production and true nutrient supply of whole oat grains. This research reveals the interactive association between induced molecular structure changes and nutrient properties and true nutrient supply. This research is also to increase economic returns to oat producers and related dairy industries through efficient utilization of feed-type or milling type of oat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan
| | - P Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan
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Cerna L, Yu P. PSXIII-1 Effect of varieties and processing methods on physicochemical, nutritional, molecular structural characteristics of feed chickpeas. J Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab235.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of varieties and heat processing methods on molecular structural, physicochemical, and nutritional characterization of feed chickpeas; evaluate the effect of heat processing methods, dry heat, wet heat and microwave irradiation processing method on feed chickpeas as an alternative source for protein and energy feed for ruminant livestock. To reveal the molecular structure spectral profile of chickpeas varieties and the molecular structure changes when applied heat processing methods, vibrational molecular spectroscopy was applied. Feed chickpea samples were determined for chemical profile, energy values, carbohydrate fractions. Subsequently, chickpea samples were incubated in the rumen of dairy cows for degradation kinetics analysis of nutrients. The intestinal digestion of feed chickpea samples was determined using three-step in vitro method with pre-incubation at 16h. Later, protein and carbohydrate related molecular spectral features before and after incubation were performed using vibrational ATR-FTIR molecular spectroscopy. The interactive relationship between processing induced molecular spectral profile changes and nutrient metabolism and availability were studied. The available results showed that varieties and heat processing methods significantly impacted molecular structural, physicochemical, and nutritional characterization of feed chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cerna
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan
| | - P Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan
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Chan J, Yu P, Lau R, Ng C. P02.02 Transbronchial Microwave Ablation of Lung Nodules in the Hybrid Operating Room – Mid-Term Follow Up of a Novel Technique. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhou C, Li Q, He Z, Chen R, Yu P. P60.07 Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Microsatellite Instability-High Lung Cancer in China. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yu P, Xie W, Liu L, Hilden M, Powell M. A consolidated summary on the evolution of a dynamic tumbling mill model. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wiberg H, Yu P, Montanaro P, Mather J, Birz S, Schneider M, Bertsimas D. Prediction of Neutropenic Events in Chemotherapy Patients: A Machine Learning Approach. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021; 5:904-911. [PMID: 34464160 DOI: 10.1200/cci.21.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe and febrile neutropenia present serious hazards to patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. We seek to develop a machine learning-based neutropenia prediction model that can be used to assess risk at the initiation of a chemotherapy cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS We leverage rich electronic medical records (EMRs) data from a large health care system and apply machine learning methods to predict severe and febrile neutropenic events. We outline the data curation process and challenges posed by EMRs data. We explore a range of algorithms with an emphasis on model interpretability and ease of use in a clinical setting. RESULTS Our final proposed model demonstrates an out-of-sample area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.865 (95% CI, 0.830 to 0.891) in the prediction of neutropenic events on the basis of only 20 clinical features. The model validates known risk factors and offers insight into potential novel clinical indicators and treatment characteristics that elevate risk. It relies on factors that are directly extractable from EMRs, provided a tool can be easily integrated into existing workflows. A cost-based analysis provides insight into optimal risk thresholds and offers a framework for tailoring algorithms to individual hospital needs. CONCLUSION A better understanding of neutropenic risk on an individual level enables a more informed approach to patient monitoring and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Wiberg
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Peter Yu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT
| | | | | | | | | | - Dimitris Bertsimas
- Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Zhu J, Wei Z, Suryavanshi M, Chen X, Xia Q, Jiang J, Ayodele O, Bradbury BD, Brooks C, Brown CA, Cheng A, Critchlow CW, Devercelli G, Gandhi V, Gondek K, Londhe AA, Ma J, Jonsson-Funk M, Keenan HA, Manne S, Ren K, Sanders L, Yu P, Zhang J, Zhou L, Bao Y. Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 in a Global Health Research Network: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051588. [PMID: 34362806 PMCID: PMC8350974 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine age, gender, and temporal differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19. DESIGN A cohort study using deidentified electronic medical records from a Global Research Network. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS 67 456 adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 from the USA; 7306 from Europe, Latin America and Asia-Pacific between February 2020 and January 2021. RESULTS In the US cohort, compared with patients 18-34 years old, patients ≥65 had a greater risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.58 to 1.90), acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)/respiratory failure (aHR 1.86, 95% CI 1.76 to 1.96), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV, aHR 1.93, 95% CI, 1.73 to 2.15), and all-cause mortality (aHR 5.6, 95% CI 4.36 to 7.18). Men appeared to be at a greater risk for ICU admission (aHR 1.34, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.39), ARDS/respiratory failure (aHR 1.24, 95% CI1.21 to 1.27), IMV (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.45), and all-cause mortality (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.24) compared with women. Moreover, we observed a greater risk of adverse outcomes during the early pandemic (ie, February-April 2020) compared with later periods. In the ex-US cohort, the age and gender trends were similar; for the temporal trend, the highest proportion of patients with all-cause mortality were also in February-April 2020; however, the highest percentages of patients with IMV and ARDS/respiratory failure were in August-October 2020 followed by February-April 2020. CONCLUSIONS This study provided valuable information on the temporal trends of characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients in both USA and ex-USA. It also described the population at a potentially greater risk for worse clinical outcomes by identifying the age and gender differences. Together, the information could inform the prevention and treatment strategies of COVID-19. Furthermore, it can be used to raise public awareness of COVID-19's impact on vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zhu
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Wei
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Manasi Suryavanshi
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiu Chen
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qian Xia
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jenny Jiang
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Olulade Ayodele
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian D Bradbury
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Corinne Brooks
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Carolyn A Brown
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Alvan Cheng
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Cathy W Critchlow
- Research & Development Strategy & Operations, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Giovanna Devercelli
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivek Gandhi
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen Gondek
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ajit A Londhe
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Junjie Ma
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Michele Jonsson-Funk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudhakar Manne
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaili Ren
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn Sanders
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Linyun Zhou
- Data Sciences Institute, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Bao
- Center for Observational Research and Data Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Zhu QJ, Chen WJ, Zhu WJ, Chen Q, Yu P, Shi LL, Ma L, Xiao HX, Yuan Y. [Prediction of the vaulting after posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021; 57:519-525. [PMID: 34256472 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201222-00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influencing factors on the vaulting one month after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation, and to develop and verify a prediction formula. Methods: The first half of this study was retrospective case series study, and the second half was cross-sectional stydy. A total of 83 eyes of 83 patients who underwent ICL implantation in the Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University were included in the first half of the study, with an average age of (27±5) years, from August 1, 2019 to December 30, 2019. All patients underwent a complete preoperative examination, including axis length, anterior chamber depth, comprehensive optometry, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, white-to-white diameter, horizontal and vertical sulcus-to-sulcus diameter (STS), crystalline lens thickness (LT), corneal curvature, and bright and dark pupil diameter. Multiple linear regression (stepwise) was used to develop a prediction formula. In the validation part, a total of 65 people (65 eyes) were included, with an average age of (26±5) years, from March 1, 2020 to June 1, 2020. The accuracy and reliability of the formula were verified by the intergroup correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman consistency test. Results: At 1 month after surgery, ICL size had the greatest impact on the vaulting (β=0.942, P<0.001), followed by horizontal STS (β=-0.517, P<0.001), LT (β=-0.376, P<0.001), and vertical STS (β=-0.257, P=0.017). The influence of other factors was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The regression equation was as follows: the vaulting (μm)=-1 369.05+657.12×ICL size-287.41×horizontal STS-432.50×LT-137.33×vertical STS (the fitting degree R=0.813, R2=0.660, and corrected R2=0.643). In the verification part, the predicted average vaulting was (497.31±102.75) μm, while the actual vaulting was (514.62±152.99) μm. About 96.92% (63/65) of the patients were fitted in the moderate vault, and 3.08% (2/65) were in the high vault. The intergroup correlation coefficient was 0.581. According to the Bland-Altman test, the actual vaulting was 17.31 μm, higher than the predicted value, and the 95% confidence interval of the difference was -260.28 to 294.90 μm. Conclusion: The ICL size, horizontal and vertical STS and LT are the factors that affect and predict the vaulting one month after ICL implantation, and our prediction formula has good accuracy and reliability. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 519-525).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Zhu
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - W J Chen
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - W J Zhu
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Q Chen
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - P Yu
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - L L Shi
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - L Ma
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - H X Xiao
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Y Yuan
- Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
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Wu L, Miao H, Yu P, Huang Z, Zheng J, Li J, Zhai Z, Jia T. Study of PWR hot leg creep rupture and RCS depressurization strategy during an SBO accident. KERNTECHNIK 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Preventing the leakage of radioactive materials is important to nuclear safety. During a station blackout accident in pressurized water reactors, the hot leg creep rupture caused by hot leg countercurrent flow occurs before the reactor pressure vessel failure that caused by lower head rupture. The secondary fission products barrier is lost after hot leg creep rupture. An analysis for this phenomenon was done using the Modular Accident Analysis Program version 4.0.4 code. A station blackout accident for CPR1000 is simulated and the occurrence and influence of hot leg creep rupture phenomenon are analyzed in detail. After that, a sensitivity analysis of the opening of different pressurizer pilot-operated relief valves at five minutes after entering severe accident management guideline (before the hot leg creep rupture occurs) is studied. The results show that reactor pressure vessel failure time can be extended by at least 4 h if at least one pilot-operated relief valve is opened and direct containment heating phenomenon can be eliminated if at least two pilot-operated relief valves are opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Wu
- College of Energy Xiamen University No. 4221-104 Xiangan South Road Xiamen P. R. China
- Fujian Research Center for Nuclear Engineering Xiamen City Fujian Province P. R. China
| | - H. Miao
- College of Energy Xiamen University No. 4221-104 Xiangan South Road Xiamen P. R. China
- Fujian Research Center for Nuclear Engineering Xiamen City Fujian Province P. R. China
| | - P. Yu
- College of Energy Xiamen University No. 4221-104 Xiangan South Road Xiamen P. R. China
- Fujian Research Center for Nuclear Engineering Xiamen City Fujian Province P. R. China
| | - Z. Huang
- College of Energy Xiamen University No. 4221-104 Xiangan South Road Xiamen P. R. China
- Fujian Research Center for Nuclear Engineering Xiamen City Fujian Province P. R. China
| | - J. Zheng
- College of Energy Xiamen University No. 4221-104 Xiangan South Road Xiamen P. R. China
- Fujian Research Center for Nuclear Engineering Xiamen City Fujian Province P. R. China
| | - J. Li
- College of Energy Xiamen University No. 4221-104 Xiangan South Road Xiamen P. R. China
- Fujian Research Center for Nuclear Engineering Xiamen City Fujian Province P. R. China
| | - Z. Zhai
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu Sichuan P.R. China
| | - T. Jia
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu Sichuan P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Yu
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, CT
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41
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Chan J, Ng C, Yu P, Lim K, Siu I, Yuan E, Liu S, Choi J, Chu C, Lau R. MA02.04 Initial Experience of Hybrid Operating Room Cone-Beam CT Guided Bronchoscopic Microwave Thermal Ablation of Peripheral Small Lung Lesions. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li J, Ge J, Tian Y, Yang Y, Zheng M, Yu P, Yao W. P76.36 A Phase 2 Study of Anlotinib Combined with Pemetrexed-Platinum (PP) as Second-Line Treatment in EGFR-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu JC, Wu Z, Yu P, Yang S, Luo YC, Liu C. [Cone-beam CT evaluation of the Monson's spherical radius of young adults in Guangdong]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 56:196-199. [PMID: 33557505 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200517-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To measure and analyze the spherical radius of Monson of normal young people in Guangdong province using cone-beam CT (CBCT), and to establish a personalized measurement method of the spherical radius of Monson to provide a reference for clinical application of Monson spherical radius in occlusal reconstruction. Methods: Sixty healthy young adults from physical examination population at Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University [30 males and 30 females, aged (22.1±2.0) years 18-26 years) were recruited, and their CBCT were taken. Three-dimensional reconstruction of CBCT data was carried out, and the reconstructed models were fixed, traced and measured. The difference of Monson spherical radius between male and female was compared by using a single sample t-test. Results: The Monson spherical radius was (100.72±4.89) mm. The Monson spherical radius of male and female were (103.48±4.19) mm and (97.97±3.93) mm respectively. The difference between male and female was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions: CBCT can be used to accurately measure the spherical radius of Monson and can be used as a reference for reconstruction of occlusal plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease & Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease & Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease & Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease & Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Y C Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease & Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease & Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou 510140, China
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Guo LJ, Jiang XH, He WF, Yu P, Wan R, Kong QL, Liu C, Yu JH, You ZG, Chen Q, Zhu B, Wu YQ, Xu JS, Hong K. [Prevalence of CYP2C19 gene mutations in patients with coronary heart disease and its biological activation effect in clopidogrel antiplatelet response]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:43-48. [PMID: 33429485 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200424-00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CYP2C19 gene mutations on clopidogrel antiplatelet activity in the patients with coronary heart disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Patients with coronary heart disease, who hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2011 to June 2019, and healthy individuals with matching genetic background, gender, and age as controls were included in this study. Basic clinical data were analyzed and blood samples of all research subjects were obtained for extraction of DNA, and Sanger first-generation sequencing method was used to detect CYP2C19 gene mutation from full exon and exon and intron junction. CYP2C19 gene variations in patients with coronary heart disease were compared with the 1000 Genomes Browse database and the sequencing results of healthy controls to determine whether the gene variation was a genetic mutation or a genetic polymorphism. After that, PolyPhen-2 prediction software was used to analyze the harmfulness of gene mutations to predict the effect of mutations on protein function. The same dose of CYP2C19 wild-type plasmid and the CYP2C19 gene mutant plasmids were transfected into human normal liver cells HL-7702. After transfection of 24 h, the expression of CYP2C19 protease in each group was detected. The liver S9 protein was incubated with clopidogrel, acted on platelets to detect the platelet aggregation rate and the activity of human vasodilator-activated phosphoprotein (VASP). Results: A total of 1 493 patients with coronary heart disease (59.36%) were enrolled, the average age was (64.5±10.4) years old, of which 1 129 were male (75.62%). Meanwhile, 1 022 healthy physical examination volunteers (40.64%) were enrolled, and the average age was (64.1±11.0) years old, of which 778 were male (76.13%). A total of 5 gene mutations of CYP2C19 gene were identified in 12 patients (0.80%), namely, 4 known mutations T130K (1 case), M136K (6 cases), N277K (3 cases), V472I (1 case) and one new mutation G27V (1 case), no corresponding gene mutation was found in healthy controls. It was found that T130K and M136K were probably damaging, G27V was possibly damaging, and N277K and V472I were benign mutations. In vitro, we demonstrated that the platelet aggregation rate of the M136K gene mutation group was 24.83% lower than that of the wild type (59.58% vs. 34.75%; P<0.05), and the phosphorylated VASP level was 23.0% higher than that of the wild type (1.0 vs. 1.23; P<0.05). However, the platelet aggregation rate and phosphorylated VASP level were similar between of G27V, T130K, N277K, V472I gene mutation groups and wild type group (P>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, 5 gene mutations are defined in patients with coronary heart disease, namely G27V, T130K, M136K, N277K, V472I. In vitro functional studies show that CYP2C19 gene mutation M136K, as a gain-of-function gene mutation, can enhance the activation of CYP2C19 enzyme on clopidogrel, thereby inhibiting the platelet aggregation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - X H Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - W F He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - P Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - R Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Q L Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J H Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Z G You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - B Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Y Q Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J S Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - K Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
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45
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Kurtzman K, Oxnard G, Klein E, Seiden M, Hubbell E, Venn O, Jamshidi A, Zhang N, Beausang J, Gross S, Fung E, Yecies J, Shaknovich R, Fields A, Sekeres M, Richards D, Yu P, Aravanis A, Hartman AR, Liu M. PR01.08 Simultaneous Multi-Cancer Detection and Tissue of Origin Prediction Via Targeted Bisulfite Sequencing of Plasma Cell-Free DNA. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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der Poel AV, Abdollahi M, Cheng H, Colovic R, den Hartog L, Miladinovic D, Page G, Sijssens K, Smillie J, Thomas M, Wang W, Yu P, Hendriks W. Future directions of animal feed technology research to meet the challenges of a changing world. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Yu P, Liu M, Jiang H. Cardiomyocyte-Restricted High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) deletion leads to small heart and inflammation through GR/PGC-1a signaling. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte-Restricted High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) Deletion Leads to small heart and inflammation Through GR/PGC-1a signaling
Background
Cardiac growth and remodeling are key biological process influencing the physiological performance of the heart. Previous study showed critical role of intracellular HMGB1 in vitro. However, the in vivo study using conditional Hmgb1 ablation did not significantly affect the cellular and organic function.
Purpose
Previously we have demonstrated the extracellular effect of HMGB1 as a proinflammatory molecule on cardiac remodeling. Here, to elucidate the intracellular effect of HMGB1 on cardiac function in vivo, we perform the study.
Methods
Conditional genetic deletion of HMGB1 mouse was constructed using cTnT-Cre Hmgb1fl/fl. And then we detected body weight, and analyzed cardiac function of 12-week old mice using echocardiography. The subcelluar morphology was detected using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, and the changes of glycolipid metabolism was detected by the positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging and GC-FID/MS analysis in heart tissue. And Then we used RNA-seq to find transcriptomic changes. And co-immunoprecipitation experiments, chromatin immunoprecipiptation (ChIP) were used to validate the binding of HMGB1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The downstream signal changes were detected using western blot analysis. To validate the result, we further constructed the cardiac HMGB1 deficient mouse using Ckmm-Cre Hmgb1fl/fl, and measured body weight and cardiac function.
Results
We found HMGB1 deletion by cTnT-Cre in mouse hearts altered GR function, glycolipid metabolism, and eventually led to growth retardation, small heart, and heart failure. The subcelluar morphology didn't show significant change caused by HMGB1 knockout. The heart showed significantly elevation of glycolysis and free fatty acid deposition, and related enzyme changes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a list of differential expressed genes, which coincide with the glucocorticoid receptor function in neonatal mice, and significant increase inflammatory genes of the adult ones. The cardiac HMGB1 knockout lead to a series changes of PGC-1a, UCP3, and glycerol kinase, which were the cause of metabolic change and further impact the cardiac function. And the Ckmm-Cre Hmgb1fl/fl mouse didn't show significant phenotype, which was consistent with the reported negative result of Cardiomyocyte-specific Hmgb1 deletion via MHC-Cre.
Conclusions
Therefore, our results demonstrated that HMGB1 plays an essential role in maintaining normal cardiac growth and function by regulating GR function and glycolipid metabolism. And the strikingly different phenotype from the cardiac-specific HMGB1-deficient mice may be caused by the cross with different Cre mouse.
Main results and graphic summary
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Zhongshan Hospital- Fudan University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - M Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital- Fudan University, Department of General Practice, Shanghai, China
| | - H Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
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48
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Labuda SM, Garner K, Cima M, Moulton-Meissner H, Laufer Halpin A, Charles-Toney N, Yu P, Bolton E, Pierce R, Crist MB, Gomes D, Gable P, McAllister G, Lawsin A, Houston H, Patil N, Wheeler JG, Bradsher R, Vyas K, Haselow D. Bloodstream Infections With a Novel Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Involving 52 Outpatient Oncology Clinic Patients-Arkansas, 2018. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:e178-e185. [PMID: 31872853 PMCID: PMC7938859 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In July 2018, the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) was notified by hospital A of 3 patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) with a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) species; on 5 September 2018, 6 additional BSIs were reported. All were among oncology patients at clinic A. We investigated to identify sources and to prevent further infections. METHODS ADH performed an onsite investigation at clinic A on 7 September 2018 and reviewed patient charts, obtained environmental samples, and cultured isolates. The isolates were sequenced (whole genome, 16S, rpoB) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to determine species identity and relatedness. RESULTS By 31 December 2018, 52 of 151 (34%) oncology patients with chemotherapy ports accessed at clinic A during 22 March-12 September 2018 had NTM BSIs. Infected patients received significantly more saline flushes than uninfected patients (P < .001) during the risk period. NTM grew from 6 unused saline flushes compounded by clinic A. The identified species was novel and designated Mycobacterium FVL 201832. Isolates from patients and saline flushes were highly related by whole-genome sequencing, indicating a common source. Clinic A changed to prefilled saline flushes on 12 September as recommended. CONCLUSIONS Mycobacterium FVL 201832 caused BSIs in oncology clinic patients. Laboratory data allowed investigators to rapidly link infections to contaminated saline flushes; cooperation between multiple institutions resulted in timely outbreak resolution. New state policies being considered because of this outbreak include adding extrapulmonary NTM to ADH's reportable disease list and providing more oversight to outpatient oncology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Labuda
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kelley Garner
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael Cima
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Heather Moulton-Meissner
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alison Laufer Halpin
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadege Charles-Toney
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter Yu
- Jefferson Regional Medical Center, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
| | - Erin Bolton
- Jefferson Regional Medical Center, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
| | - Reid Pierce
- Jefferson Regional Medical Center, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
| | - Matthew B Crist
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Danica Gomes
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paige Gable
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gillian McAllister
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adrian Lawsin
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hollis Houston
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Naveen Patil
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - J Gary Wheeler
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Robert Bradsher
- University of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Keyur Vyas
- University of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Dirk Haselow
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Zhang Z, Ren H, Shen G, Zhao W, Shang Q, Yu X, Lu Y, Yu P, Zhang Y, Tang J, Liang D, Jiang X. IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis is implicated in streptozotocin exacerbating bone impairment in ovariectomized rats. Climacteric 2020; 24:179-186. [PMID: 33000666 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1816956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/β-catenin signaling axis in bone impairment induced by hyperglycemia in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Rats were divided into four groups. The sham group received sham operation and a single intraperitoneal administration of vehicle. The ovariectomy (OVX) group was subjected to bilateral OVX and vehicle injection. The streptozotocin (STZ) group received sham operation and a single STZ injection to induce hyperglycemia. The OVX + STZ group received bilateral OVX and a single STZ injection. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement, bone biomechanics test, micro-computed tomography scan, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to evaluate bone alteration in this model. The expression of relevant signals including IGF-1R, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and β-catenin were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS The OVX, STZ, and OVX + STZ groups induced bone loss, attenuated bone strength, and impaired microarchitecture compared with the sham group, respectively. Compared with OVX, more serious bone damage was found in the OVX + STZ group, which showed enhanced phosphorylation of IGF-1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. CONCLUSION OVX plus STZ induced more serious bone impairment than OVX alone, which involves the IGF-1R/β-catenin signaling axis in the pathogenesis. This may provide a potential target for treatment of postmenopausal diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Shen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Zhao
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Shang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Yu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Lu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Yu
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Tang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Liang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Jiang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Arumugam A, Faron ML, Yu P, Markham C, Wu M, Wong S. A Rapid SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Assay for Low Resource Settings. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E739. [PMID: 32987722 PMCID: PMC7598596 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay is the gold standard recommended to test for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it generally requires expensive equipment such as RNA isolation instruments and real-time PCR thermal cyclers. As a pandemic, COVID-19 has spread indiscriminately, and many low resource settings and developing countries do not have the means for fast and accurate COVID-19 detection to control the outbreak. Additionally, long assay times, in part caused by slow sample preparation steps, have created a large backlog when testing patient samples suspected of COVID-19. With many PCR-based molecular assays including an extraction step, this can take a significant amount of time and labor, especially if the extraction is performed manually. Using COVID-19 clinical specimens, we have collected evidence that the RT-qPCR assay can feasibly be performed directly on patient sample material in virus transport medium (VTM) without an RNA extraction step, while still producing sensitive test results. If RNA extraction steps can be omitted without significantly affecting clinical sensitivity, the turn-around time of COVID-19 tests, and the backlog we currently experience can be reduced drastically. Furthermore, our data suggest that rapid RT-PCR can be implemented for sensitive and specific molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 in locations where sophisticated laboratory instruments are not available. Our USD 300 set up achieved rapid RT-PCR using thin-walled PCR tubes and a water bath setup using sous vide immersion heaters, a Raspberry Pi computer, and a single servo motor that can process up to 96 samples at a time. Using COVID-19 positive clinical specimens, we demonstrated that RT-PCR assays can be performed in as little as 12 min using untreated samples, heat-inactivated samples, or extracted RNA templates with our low-cost water bath setup. These findings can help rapid COVID-19 testing to become more accessible and attainable across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Arumugam
- AI Biosciences, Inc., College Station, TX 77845, USA; (A.A.); (P.Y.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | | | - Peter Yu
- AI Biosciences, Inc., College Station, TX 77845, USA; (A.A.); (P.Y.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Cole Markham
- AI Biosciences, Inc., College Station, TX 77845, USA; (A.A.); (P.Y.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Michelle Wu
- AI Biosciences, Inc., College Station, TX 77845, USA; (A.A.); (P.Y.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Season Wong
- AI Biosciences, Inc., College Station, TX 77845, USA; (A.A.); (P.Y.); (C.M.); (M.W.)
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