1
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Bağcı IS, Ergün EZ, Avci P, Aoki R, Krammer S, Vladimirova G, Sárdy M, Ruzicka T, Hartmann D. Indirect immunofluorescence for bullous pemphigoid using ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Dermatol 2023; 50:e236-e237. [PMID: 36914975 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Işın Sinem Bağcı
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ecem Zeliha Ergün
- Department of Dermatology, and Venereology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Rui Aoki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krammer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Vladimirova
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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2
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Bánvölgyi A, Avci P, Kiss N, Meznerics FA, Jobbágy A, Fésűs L, Hársing J, Kuroli E, Szepesi Á, Marschalkó M. Scrofuloderma and granuloma annulare-like lesions: Challenges of diagnosing cutaneous tuberculosis in developed countries. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2023; 31:100370. [PMID: 37122612 PMCID: PMC10130622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health concern, as the increasing levels of urban poverty, higher number of immunodeficient patients and the development of drug resistance threaten the overall efforts made to induce a downward trend for the disease. Scrofuloderma, also known as tuberculosis cutis colliquativa is a subtype of cutaneous tuberculosis. Here we detail a case of a 70-year-old female patient presented with unilateral, left-sided, multiple palpable, painful, ulcerated and purulent cervical nodules, accompanied by persistent generalized erythematous popular granuloma annulare-like skin lesions on the upper extremities. Based on the result of the PCR assay, culture, imaging and histopathological findings, the diagnosis of scrofuloderma was established. To achieve prompt diagnosis and early treatment, it is crucial to include scrofuloderma in the differential diagnosis of ulcerated lesions in developed countries as well, and also be aware of the additional clinical symptoms, such as granuloma annulare-like lesions, possibly accompanying cutaneous tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author at: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária utca, Budapest H-1085, Hungary.
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fanni Adél Meznerics
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antal Jobbágy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Fésűs
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Hársing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kuroli
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Szepesi
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Marschalkó
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Mühlenbein S, Avci P, Nilles N, Wolf R. Ein sporadischer Fall knöchelpolsterartiger Keratodermien. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1797-1800. [PMID: 34894185 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14625_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mühlenbein
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Pinar Avci
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland.,Hochschulklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Deutschland.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Nils Nilles
- Dermatopathologie Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Ronald Wolf
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland.,Institut für Pathologie, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
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4
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Mühlenbein S, Avci P, Nilles N, Wolf R. A sporadic case of knuckle pad-like lesions. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1797-1800. [PMID: 34786836 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mühlenbein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Nilles
- Laboratory of Dermatopathology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ronald Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Ruini C, Schlingmann S, Jonke Ž, Avci P, Padrón-Laso V, Neumeier F, Koveshazi I, Ikeliani IU, Patzer K, Kunrad E, Kendziora B, Sattler E, French LE, Hartmann D. Machine Learning Based Prediction of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Ex Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215522. [PMID: 34771684 PMCID: PMC8583634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Image classification with convolutional neural networks (CNN) offers an unprecedented opportunity to medical imaging. Regulatory agencies in the USA and Europe have already cleared numerous deep learning/machine learning based medical devices and algorithms. While the field of radiology is on the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, conventional pathology, which commonly relies on examination of tissue samples on a glass slide, is falling behind in leveraging this technology. On the other hand, ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (ex vivo CLSM), owing to its digital workflow features, has a high potential to benefit from integrating AI tools into the assessment and decision-making process. Aim of this work was to explore a preliminary application of CNN in digitally stained ex vivo CLSM images of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) for automated detection of tumor tissue. Thirty-four freshly excised tissue samples were prospectively collected and examined immediately after resection. After the histologically confirmed ex vivo CLSM diagnosis, the tumor tissue was annotated for segmentation by experts, in order to train the MobileNet CNN. The model was then trained and evaluated using cross validation. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the deep neural network for detecting cSCC and tumor free areas on ex vivo CLSM slides compared to expert evaluation were 0.76 and 0.91, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was equal to 0.90 and the area under the precision-recall curve was 0.85. The results demonstrate a high potential of deep learning models to detect cSCC regions on digitally stained ex vivo CLSM slides and to distinguish them from tumor-free skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristel Ruini
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
- PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sophia Schlingmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Žan Jonke
- Munich Innovation Labs GmbH, 80336 Munich, Germany; (Ž.J.); (V.P.-L.)
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
| | | | - Florian Neumeier
- M3i Industry-in-Clinic-Platform GmbH, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.N.); (I.K.); (I.U.I.)
| | - Istvan Koveshazi
- M3i Industry-in-Clinic-Platform GmbH, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.N.); (I.K.); (I.U.I.)
| | - Ikenna U. Ikeliani
- M3i Industry-in-Clinic-Platform GmbH, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.N.); (I.K.); (I.U.I.)
| | - Kathrin Patzer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Elena Kunrad
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Benjamin Kendziora
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Elke Sattler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
| | - Lars E. French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniela Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (S.S.); (P.A.); (K.P.); (E.K.); (B.K.); (E.S.); (L.E.F.); (D.H.)
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6
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Juratli HA, Avci P, Horváth B. Clinicians' pearls and myths in pemphigus. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021; 156:142-146. [PMID: 33960749 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.21.06810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus comprises a heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases, which can affect both skin and mucous membranes, especially oral mucosa. This group of diseases shows usually a chronic-relapsing course. Since pemphigus is a rare disease, the diagnosis is often delayed, because it is based upon the recognition of consistent clinical, histologic, and direct immunofluorescence findings, as well as indirect immunofluorescence, and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Usually the patients are treated for multiple other conditions before starting the correct therapy, leading to a critical reduction of the patients' quality of life. This review is a succinct compilation of pearls gathered from clinical experience in pemphigus and the myths that may have influenced everyday practice but have been proven false. This review provided a selection of such dilemmas and controversies, focusing on myths and pearls that can help young dermatologist in the clinic, while also dispelling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A Juratli
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany -
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Horváth
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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7
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Avci P, Wolter M, Wolf R. When dirt is not dirt! Duncan's dirty dermatosis put under the microscope. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:143-144. [PMID: 33875458 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Wolter
- Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Dermatology and Allergology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ronald Wolf
- Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Juratli HA, Jägle S, Happle R, Avci P, Didona D, Fischer J. A Family with Palmar and Plantar Hyperkeratosis: A Quiz. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00064. [PMID: 32052849 PMCID: PMC9128890 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
is missing (Quiz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A Juratli
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipp University, DE-35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate ovarian reserve in women with psoriasis. Thirty-six women with psoriasis and 36 healthy women were enrolled in this prospective study. On day 3 of the menstrual cycle, blood samples for AMH and other hormones were collected. On the same day, antral follicle count (AFC), and ovarian volumes were measured. A multiple regression analysis was carried out to examine the contribution of factors to the serum AMH levels in patients with psoriasis. The serum AMH levels and ovarian volumes were lower in the psoriasis group than in the control group (1.85 ± 1.13 ng/ml vs 2.46 ± 1.21 ng/ml, p = .029 and 10.43 ± 3.08 cm3 vs 11.93 ± 3.01 cm3, p = .038). However, the mean AFC between the two groups was not significantly different. The psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score did not correlate with AMH. On the other hand, the duration of the disease negatively correlated with AMH, total AFC and ovarian volume. In the multiple regression analysis, duration of disease and total AFC were the most significant contributors to the serum AMH levels in patients with psoriasis. Autoimmune diseases may affect ovarian reserve regardless of immunosuppresive treatment. Longitudinal follow-ups regarding reproductive function might be required in women with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Aydogan Mathyk
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Berna Aslan Cetin
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sule Bilici
- c Department of Dermatology , Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Julia Fasse
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University , Medford , MA , USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- e Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology , Semmelweis University School of Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
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Kiss N, Avci P, Bánvölgyi A, Lőrincz K, Szakonyi J, Gyöngyösi N, Fésűs L, Lee G, Wikonkál N. Intralesional therapy for the treatment of keratoacanthoma. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12872. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - András Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Kende Lőrincz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - József Szakonyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Nóra Gyöngyösi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Luca Fésűs
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Goeun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Norbert Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and DermatooncologySemmelweis University Budapest Hungary
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Abstract
Traditional methods of localizing and quantifying the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in living experimental animal models of infections have mostly relied on sacrificing the animals, dissociating the tissue and counting the number of colony forming units. However, the discovery of several varieties of the light producing enzyme, luciferase, and the genetic engineering of bacteria, fungi, parasites and mice to make them emit light, either after administration of the luciferase substrate, or in the case of the bacterial lux operon without any exogenous substrate, has provided a new alternative. Dedicated bioluminescence imaging (BLI) cameras can record the light emitted from living animals in real time allowing non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of the anatomical location and growth of infectious microorganisms as measured by strength of the BLI signal. BLI technology has been used to follow bacterial infections in traumatic skin wounds and burns, osteomyelitis, infections in intestines, Mycobacterial infections, otitis media, lung infections, biofilm and endodontic infections and meningitis. Fungi that have been engineered to be bioluminescent have been used to study infections caused by yeasts (Candida) and by filamentous fungi. Parasitic infections caused by malaria, Leishmania, trypanosomes and toxoplasma have all been monitored by BLI. Viruses such as vaccinia, herpes simplex, hepatitis B and C and influenza, have been studied using BLI. This rapidly growing technology is expected to continue to provide much useful information, while drastically reducing the numbers of animals needed in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,c Department of Medical Nanotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,d Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Magesh Sadasivam
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,e Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh , Noida , India
| | - Wanessa C Antunes-Melo
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,f University of Sao Paulo , Sao Carlos-SP , Brazil
| | - Elisa Carrasco
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,g Department of Biosciences , Durham University , Durham , United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- a Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Dermatology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,h Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
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12
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Avci P, Freire F, Banvolgyi A, Mylonakis E, Wikonkal NM, Hamblin MR. Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1535-1547. [PMID: 27855492 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including Candida albicans. However the optimum conditions and the mechanism of action are unclear. Materials/methodology: Candida albicans shaken for 90 min in a buffered solution of ascorbate (90 mM) gave a 5-log reduction of cell viability, while there was no killing without shaking, in growth media with different carbon sources or at 4°C. Killing was inhibited by the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl. Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein probe showed the intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Ascorbate-mediated killing of C. albicans depends on oxygenation and metabolism, involves iron-catalyzed generation of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction and depletion of intracellular NADH. Ascorbate could serve as a component of a topical antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Fernanda Freire
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Biosciences & Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science & Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Andras Banvolgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Norbert M Wikonkal
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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13
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Agrawal T, Avci P, Gupta GK, Rineh A, Lakshmanan S, Batwala V, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR. Harnessing the power of light to treat staphylococcal infections focusing on MRSA. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:2109-21. [PMID: 25760339 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150310102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the most important drug-resistant microbial pathogen in countries throughout the world. Morbidity and mortality due to MRSA infections continue to increase despite efforts to improve infection control measures and to develop new antibiotics. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies that do not give rise to development of resistance are urgently required. A group of therapeutic interventions has been developed in the field of photomedicine with the common theme that they rely on electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 1000 nm broadly called "light". These techniques all use simple absorption of photons by specific chromophores to deliver the killing blow to microbial cells while leaving the surrounding host mammalian cells relatively unharmed. Photodynamic inactivation uses dyes called photosensitizers (PS) that bind specifically to MRSA cells and not host cells, and generate reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen and singlet oxygen upon illumination. Sophisticated molecular strategies to target the PS to MRSA cells have been designed. Ultraviolet C radiation can damage microbial DNA without unduly harming host DNA. Blue light can excite endogenous porphyrins and flavins in MRSA cells that are not present in host cells. Near-infrared lasers can interfere with microbial membrane potentials without raising the temperature of the tissue. Taken together these innovative approaches towards harnessing the power of light suggest that the ongoing threat of MRSA may eventually be defeated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.
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Yu C, Avci P, Canteenwala T, Chiang LY, Chen BJ, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic Therapy with Hexa(sulfo-n-butyl)[60]Fullerene Against Sarcoma In Vitro and In Vivo. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:171-81. [PMID: 27398442 PMCID: PMC4941956 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.10652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophilic molecular micellar hexa(sulfo-n-butyl)[60]fullerene (FC₄S), first synthesized in 1998 as a photosensitizer (PS) has been reported to exhibit high efficacy for singlet oxygen generation and antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of photoactivated FC₄S for free radical generation and to mediate photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that following light irradiation, FC4S produced singlet oxygen, but after addition of electron donors such as ferrocytochrome c or NADH, FC4S also produced superoxide. The combination of FC4S with light irradiation was able to induce cytotoxicity to human fibrosarcoma cells and murine sarcoma 180 cells in vitro. Cell-killing was proportional to fluence as well as FC4S concentration. Photoirradiation by argon-ion laser after intraperitoneal injection of FC4S also resulted in inhibition of S180 tumor growth in vivo (up to 80% reduction of tumor volume). Hematological and blood biochemistry parameters of the cancer-bearing mice were improved by PDT. Based on these findings, we conclude that FC₄S has a great potential as a nanomedicine in PDT for cancer.
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Anzengruber F, Avci P, de Freitas LF, Hamblin MR. T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity after photodynamic therapy: why does it not always work and how can we improve it? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1492-1509. [PMID: 26062987 PMCID: PMC4547550 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of non-toxic photosensitizers and harmless light to generate reactive oxygen species that destroy tumors by a combination of direct tumor cell killing, vascular shutdown, and activation of the immune system. It has been shown in some animal models that mice that have been cured of cancer by PDT, may exhibit resistance to rechallenge. The cured mice can also possess tumor specific T-cells that recognize defined tumor antigens, destroy tumor cells in vitro, and can be adoptively transferred to protect naïve mice from cancer. However, these beneficial outcomes are the exception rather than the rule. The reasons for this lack of consistency lie in the ability of many tumors to suppress the host immune system and to actively evade immune attack. The presence of an appropriate tumor rejection antigen in the particular tumor cell line is a requisite for T-cell mediated immunity. Regulatory T-cells (CD25+, Foxp3+) are potent inhibitors of anti-tumor immunity, and their removal by low dose cyclophosphamide can potentiate the PDT-induced immune response. Treatments that stimulate dendritic cells (DC) such as CpG oligonucleotide can overcome tumor-induced DC dysfunction and improve PDT outcome. Epigenetic reversal agents can increase tumor expression of MHC class I and also simultaneously increase expression of tumor antigens. A few clinical reports have shown that anti-tumor immunity can be generated by PDT in patients, and it is hoped that these combination approaches may increase tumor cures in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Anzengruber
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Lucas Freitas de Freitas
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programa de Pos Graduacao Interunidades Bioengenharia – USP – Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Michael R Hamblin, PhD, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Karimi M, Solati N, Ghasemi A, Estiar MA, Hashemkhani M, Kiani P, Mohamed E, Saeidi A, Taheri M, Avci P, Aref AR, Amiri M, Baniasadi F, Hamblin MR. Carbon nanotubes part II: a remarkable carrier for drug and gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1089-105. [PMID: 25613837 PMCID: PMC4475451 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have recently been studied as novel and versatile drug and gene delivery vehicles. When CNT are suitably functionalized, they can interact with various cell types and are taken up by endocytosis. AREAS COVERED Anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin have been delivered by CNT, as well as methotrexate, taxol and gemcitabine. The delivery of the antifungal compound amphotericin B and the oral administration of erythropoietin have both been assisted using CNT. Frequently, targeting moieties such as folic acid, epidermal growth factor or various antibodies are attached to the CNT-drug nanovehicle. Different kinds of functionalization (e.g., polycations) have been used to allow CNT to act as gene delivery vectors. Plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA and micro-RNA have all been delivered by CNT vehicles. Significant concerns are raised about the nanotoxicology of the CNT and their potentially damaging effects on the environment. EXPERT OPINION CNT-mediated drug delivery has been studied for over a decade, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported. The future success of CNTs as vectors in vivo and in clinical application will depend on achievement of efficacious therapy with minimal adverse effects and avoidance of possible toxic and environmentally damaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Solati
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Asghari Estiar
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Kiani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohamed
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Saeidi
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiar Taheri
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pinar Avci
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir R Aref
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammad Amiri
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Fazel Baniasadi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment modality for cancer with possible advantages over current treatment alternatives. It involves combination of light and a photosensitizer (PS), which is activated by absorption of specific wavelength light and creates local tissue damage through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce a cascade of cellular and molecular events. However, as of today, PDT is still in need of improvement and nanotechnology may play a role. PDT frequently employs PS with molecular structures that are highly hydrophobic, water insoluble and prone to aggregation. Aggregation of PS leads to reduced ROS generation and thus lowers the PDT activity. Some PS such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) cannot penetrate through the stratum corneum of the skin and systemic administration is not an option due to frequently encountered side effects. Therefore PS are often encapsulated or conjugated in/on nano-drug delivery vehicles to allow them to be better taken up by cells and to more selectively deliver them to tumors or other target tissues. Several nano-drug delivery vehicles including liposomes, fullerosomes and nanocells have been tested and reviewed. Here we cover non-liposomal self-assembled nanoparticles consisting of polymeric micelles including block co-polymers, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and porphysomes.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hair loss or alopecia affects the majority of the population at some time in their life, and increasingly, sufferers are demanding treatment. Three main types of alopecia (androgenic [AGA], areata [AA] and chemotherapy-induced [CIA]) are very different, and have their own laboratory models and separate drug-discovery efforts. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors review the biology of hair, hair follicle (HF) cycling, stem cells and signaling pathways. AGA, due to dihydrotesterone, is treated by 5-α reductase inhibitors, androgen receptor blockers and ATP-sensitive potassium channel-openers. AA, which involves attack by CD8(+)NK group 2D-positive (NKG2D(+)) T cells, is treated with immunosuppressives, biologics and JAK inhibitors. Meanwhile, CIA is treated by apoptosis inhibitors, cytokines and topical immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION The desire to treat alopecia with an easy topical preparation is expected to grow with time, particularly with an increasing aging population. The discovery of epidermal stem cells in the HF has given new life to the search for a cure for baldness. Drug discovery efforts are being increasingly centered on these stem cells, boosting the hair cycle and reversing miniaturization of HF. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune attack in AA will yield new drugs. New discoveries in HF neogenesis and low-level light therapy will undoubtedly have a role to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenildo Santos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Boston, MA 02114 , USA +1 617 726 6182 ; +1 617 726 6643 ;
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Ferraresi C, Kaippert B, Avci P, Huang YY, de Sousa MVP, Bagnato VS, Parizotto NA, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser (light) therapy increases mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis in C2C12 myotubes with a peak response at 3-6 h. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:411-6. [PMID: 25443662 DOI: 10.1111/php.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser (light) therapy has been used before exercise to increase muscle performance in both experimental animals and in humans. However, uncertainty exists concerning the optimum time to apply the light before exercise. The mechanism of action is thought to be stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in muscles, and to increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed to perform exercise. The goal of this study was to investigate the time course of the increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP in myotubes formed from C2C12 mouse muscle cells and exposed to light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT). LEDT employed a cluster of LEDs with 20 red (630 ± 10 nm, 25 mW) and 20 near-infrared (850 ± 10 nm, 50 mW) delivering 28 mW cm(2) for 90 s (2.5 J cm(2)) with analysis at 5 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h post-LEDT. LEDT-6 h had the highest MMP, followed by LEDT-3 h, LEDT-24 h, LEDT-5 min and Control with significant differences. The same order (6 h > 3 h > 24 h > 5 min > Control) was found for ATP with significant differences. A good correlation was found (r = 0.89) between MMP and ATP. These data suggest an optimum time window of 3-6 h for LEDT stimulate muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ferraresi
- Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil; Optics Group, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Huang YY, Vecchio D, Avci P, Yin R, Garcia-Diaz M, Hamblin MR. Melanoma resistance to photodynamic therapy: new insights. Biol Chem 2014; 394:239-50. [PMID: 23152406 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, with a steeply rising incidence and a poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Melanoma is highly resistant to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, although modern targeted therapies such as BRAF inhibitors are showing some promise. Photodynamic therapy (PDT, the combination of photosensitizing dyes and visible light) has been tested in the treatment of melanoma with some promising results, but melanoma is generally considered to be resistant to it. Optical interference by the highly-pigmented melanin, the antioxidant effect of melanin, the sequestration of photosensitizers inside melanosomes, defects in apoptotic pathways, and the efflux of photosensitizers by ATP-binding cassette transporters have all been implicated in melanoma resistance to PDT. Approaches to overcoming melanoma resistance to PDT include: the discovery of highly active photosensitizers absorbing in the 700-800-nm near infrared spectral region; interventions that can temporarily reduce the amount or pigmentation of the melanin; compounds that can reverse apoptotic defects or inhibit drug-efflux of photosensitizers; and immunotherapy approaches that can take advantage of the ability of PDT to activate the host immune system against the tumor being treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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21
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Xia Y, Gupta GK, Castano AP, Mroz P, Avci P, Hamblin MR. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as immune adjuvant enhances photodynamic therapy response in murine metastatic breast cancer. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:897-905. [PMID: 23922221 PMCID: PMC3917974 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women. The side effects and complications following current breast cancer therapy can be devastating. Moreover, the prognosis in late stages of the diseases is usually poor. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that is capable of both local tumor destruction and immune stimulation. However, treatment with PDT alone is often non-curative due to tumor-induced immune cell dysfunction and immune suppression. This phenomenon has motivated a new approach by combining immunostimulants with PDT to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In the present study, we investigated PDT mediated by verteporfin and 690 nm light delivered 15 min later, in combination with an immunomodulation approach using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for the treatment of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer in a BALB/c immunocompetent mouse model. In vitro, CpG primed immature dendritic cells (DC) via toll like receptor 9 to phagocytose PDT killed tumor cells leading to DC maturation and activation. Peritumoral injection of CpG after PDT in mice gave improved local tumor control and a survival advantage compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.05). CpG may be a valuable dendritic cell targeted immunoadjuvant to combine with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Xia
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav K. Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana P. Castano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Lakshmanan S, Gupta GK, Avci P, Chandran R, Sadasivam M, Jorge AES, Hamblin MR. Physical energy for drug delivery; poration, concentration and activation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 71:98-114. [PMID: 23751778 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Techniques for controlling the rate and duration of drug delivery, while targeting specific locations of the body for treatment, to deliver the cargo (drugs or DNA) to particular parts of the body by what are becoming called "smart drug carriers" have gained increased attention during recent years. Using such smart carriers, researchers have also been investigating a number of physical energy forces including: magnetic fields, ultrasound, electric fields, temperature gradients, photoactivation or photorelease mechanisms, and mechanical forces to enhance drug delivery within the targeted cells or tissues and also to activate the drugs using a similar or a different type of external trigger. This review aims to cover a number of such physical energy modalities. Various advanced techniques such as magnetoporation, electroporation, iontophoresis, sonoporation/mechnoporation, phonophoresis, optoporation and thermoporation will be covered in the review. Special emphasis will be placed on photodynamic therapy owing to the experience of the authors' laboratory in this area, but other types of drug cargo and DNA vectors will also be covered. Photothermal therapy and theranostics will also be discussed.
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de Melo WCMA, Avci P, de Oliveira MN, Gupta A, Vecchio D, Sadasivam M, Chandran R, Huang YY, Yin R, Perussi LR, Tegos GP, Perussi JR, Dai T, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic inactivation of biofilm: taking a lightly colored approach to stubborn infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:669-93. [PMID: 23879608 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.811861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are responsible for a variety of microbial infections in different parts of the body, such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, gingivitis, caries, periodontitis, orthopedic implants, and so on. The microbial biofilm cells have properties and gene expression patterns distinct from planktonic cells, including phenotypic variations in enzymic activity, cell wall composition and surface structure, which increase the resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial treatments. There is consequently an urgent need for new approaches to attack biofilm-associated microorganisms, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising candidate. aPDT involves the combination of a nontoxic dye and low-intensity visible light which, in the presence of oxygen, produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. It has been demonstrated that many biofilms are susceptible to aPDT, particularly in dental disease. This review will focus on aspects of aPDT that are designed to increase efficiency against biofilms modalities to enhance penetration of photosensitizer into biofilm, and a combination of aPDT with biofilm-disrupting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa C M A de Melo
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Yin R, Wang M, Huang YY, Huang HC, Avci P, Chiang LY, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic therapy with decacationic [60]fullerene monoadducts: effect of a light absorbing electron-donor antenna and micellar formulation. Nanomedicine 2013; 10:795-808. [PMID: 24333585 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report the synthesis and anticancer photodynamic properties of two new decacationic fullerene (LC14) and red light-harvesting antenna-fullerene conjugated monoadduct (LC15) derivatives. The antenna of LC15 was attached covalently to C60>with distance of only <3.0 Ǻ to facilitate ultrafast intramolecular photoinduced-electron-transfer (for type-I photochemistry) and photon absorption at longer wavelengths. Because LC15 was hydrophobic we compared formulation in Cremophor EL micelles with direct dilution from dimethylacetamide. LC14 produced more (1)O2 than LC15, while LC15 produced much more HO·than LC14 as measured by specific fluorescent probes. When delivered by DMA, LC14 killed more HeLa cells than LC15 when excited by UVA light, while LC15 killed more cells when excited by white light consistent with the antenna effect. However LC15 was more effective than LC14 when delivered by micelles regardless of the excitation light. Micellar delivery produced earlier apoptosis and damage to the endoplasmic reticulum as well as to lysosomes and mitochondria. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of authors report the synthesis and the photodynamic properties of two new derivatives for cancer treatment; one is a decacationic fullerene (LC14) and the other is a red light-harvesting antenna-fullerene conjugated monoadduct (LC15) utilizing a HeLa cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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St Denis TG, Vecchio D, Zadlo A, Rineh A, Sadasivam M, Avci P, Huang L, Kozinska A, Chandran R, Sarna T, Hamblin MR. Thiocyanate potentiates antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: in situ generation of the sulfur trioxide radical anion by singlet oxygen. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:800-810. [PMID: 23969112 PMCID: PMC3889203 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the eradication of pathogenic microbial cells and involves the light excitation of dyes in the presence of O2, yielding reactive oxygen species including the hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen ((1)O2). In order to chemically enhance PDT by the formation of longer-lived radical species, we asked whether thiocyanate (SCN(-)) could potentiate the methylene blue (MB) and light-mediated killing of the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative Escherichia coli. SCN(-) enhanced PDT (10 µM MB, 5 J/cm(2) 660 nm hv) killing in a concentration-dependent manner of S. aureus by 2.5 log10 to a maximum of 4.2 log10 at 10mM (P<0.001) and increased killing of E. coli by 3.6 log10 to a maximum of 5.0 log10 at 10mM (P<0.01). We determined that SCN(-) rapidly depleted O2 from an irradiated MB system, reacting exclusively with (1)O2, without quenching the MB excited triplet state. SCN(-) reacted with (1)O2, producing a sulfur trioxide radical anion (a sulfur-centered radical demonstrated by EPR spin trapping). We found that MB-PDT of SCN(-) in solution produced both sulfite and cyanide anions, and that addition of each of these salts separately enhanced MB-PDT killing of bacteria. We were unable to detect EPR signals of OH, which, together with kinetic data, strongly suggests that MB, known to produce OH and (1)O2, may, under the conditions used, preferentially form (1)O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G St Denis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrzej Zadlo
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ardeshir Rineh
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW2522, Australia
| | - Magesh Sadasivam
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Dermatology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Liyi Huang
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated College & Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Anna Kozinska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rakkiyappan Chandran
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Gupta A, Avci P, Dai T, Huang YY, Hamblin MR. Ultraviolet Radiation in Wound Care: Sterilization and Stimulation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:422-437. [PMID: 24527357 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Wound care is an important area of medicine considering the increasing age of the population who may have diverse comorbidities. Light-based technology comprises a varied set of modalities of increasing relevance to wound care. While low-level laser (or light) therapy and photodynamic therapy both have wide applications in wound care, this review will concentrate on the use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. RECENT ADVANCES UVC (200-280 nm) is highly antimicrobial and can be directly applied to acute wound infections to kill pathogens without unacceptable damage to host tissue. UVC is already widely applied for sterilization of inanimate objects. UVB (280-315 nm) has been directly applied to the wounded tissue to stimulate wound healing, and has been widely used as extracorporeal UV radiation of blood to stimulate the immune system. UVA (315-400 nm) has distinct effects on cell signaling, but has not yet been widely applied to wound care. CRITICAL ISSUES Penetration of UV light into tissue is limited and optical technology may be employed to extend this limit. UVC and UVB can damage DNA in host cells and this risk must be balanced against beneficial effects. Chronic exposure to UV can be carcinogenic and this must be considered in planning treatments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS New high-technology UV sources, such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, and microwave-generated UV plasma are becoming available for biomedical applications. Further study of cellular signaling that occurs after UV exposure of tissue will allow the benefits in wound healing to be better defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheesh Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Yin R, Dai T, Avci P, Jorge AES, de Melo WCMA, Vecchio D, Huang YY, Gupta A, Hamblin MR. Light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet C irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:731-62. [PMID: 24060701 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, researchers are investigating alternative anti-infective strategies to which it is supposed microorganisms will be unable to develop resistance. Prominent among these strategies, is a group of approaches which rely on light to deliver the killing blow. As is well known, ultraviolet light, particularly UVC (200-280 nm), is germicidal, but it has not been much developed as an anti-infective approach until recently, when it was realized that the possible adverse effects to host tissue were relatively minor compared to its high activity in killing pathogens. Photodynamic therapy is the combination of non-toxic photosensitizing dyes with harmless visible light that together produce abundant destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Certain cationic dyes or photosensitizers have good specificity for binding to microbial cells while sparing host mammalian cells and can be used for treating many localized infections, both superficial and even deep-seated by using fiber optic delivered light. Many microbial cells are highly sensitive to killing by blue light (400-470 nm) due to accumulation of naturally occurring photosensitizers such as porphyrins and flavins. Near infrared light has also been shown to have antimicrobial effects against certain species. Clinical applications of these technologies include skin, dental, wound, stomach, nasal, toenail and other infections which are amenable to effective light delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Karimi M, Avci P, Ahi M, Gazori T, Hamblin MR, Naderi-Manesh H. Evaluation of Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles as a p-shRNA Delivery Vector: Formulation, Optimization and Cellular Uptake Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:266-278. [PMID: 26989641 DOI: 10.1166/jnd.2013.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (especially chitosan) have recently attracted much attention as gene therapy delivery vehicles for their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and controlled release. Nanoparticles have strong potential as a carrier of plasmid short hairpin RNA (p-shRNA). This study aimed to find the optimum conditions for obtaining Chitosan/triphosphate (TPP)/p-shRNA nanoparticles by the ionic gelation method, and investigating the cellular uptake of the optimized nanoparticles. After applying the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum conditions for preparation of nanoparticles with small size and high loading efficiency were: chitosan/TPP ratio = 10, pH = 5.5 and N/P ratio = 11. The resulting nanoparticles had an average size of 172.8 ± 7 nm and loading efficiency of 71.5 ± 5%. SEM images showed spherical and smooth nanoparticles. The nanoparticles complexed with p-shRNA and may protect it against nuclease digestion. Cytotoxicity studies with HeLa and PC3 human cancer cells demonstrated that chitosan/TPP nanoparticles had low toxicity. Cellular uptake studies using HeLa cells showed that the nanoparticles entered the cells (cellular uptake) and delivered DNA, probably due to their favorable Zeta potential (approximately +28 mV) and small size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran; Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02114, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Mohsen Ahi
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran
| | - Tarane Gazori
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran
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Avci P, Gupta GK, Clark J, Wikonkal N, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) for treatment of hair loss. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 46:144-51. [PMID: 23970445 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alopecia is a common disorder affecting more than half of the population worldwide. Androgenetic alopecia, the most common type, affects 50% of males over the age of 40 and 75% of females over 65. Only two drugs have been approved so far (minoxidil and finasteride) and hair transplant is the other treatment alternative. This review surveys the evidence for low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied to the scalp as a treatment for hair loss and discusses possible mechanisms of actions. METHODS AND MATERIALS Searches of PubMed and Google Scholar were carried out using keywords alopecia, hair loss, LLLT, photobiomodulation. RESULTS Studies have shown that LLLT stimulated hair growth in mice subjected to chemotherapy-induced alopecia and also in alopecia areata. Controlled clinical trials demonstrated that LLLT stimulated hair growth in both men and women. Among various mechanisms, the main mechanism is hypothesized to be stimulation of epidermal stem cells in the hair follicle bulge and shifting the follicles into anagen phase. CONCLUSION LLLT for hair growth in both men and women appears to be both safe and effective. The optimum wavelength, coherence and dosimetric parameters remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest 1085, Hungary
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Vatansever F, de Melo WCMA, Avci P, Vecchio D, Sadasivam M, Gupta A, Chandran R, Karimi M, Parizotto NA, Yin R, Tegos GP, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial strategies centered around reactive oxygen species--bactericidal antibiotics, photodynamic therapy, and beyond. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:955-89. [PMID: 23802986 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can attack a diverse range of targets to exert antimicrobial activity, which accounts for their versatility in mediating host defense against a broad range of pathogens. Most ROS are formed by the partial reduction in molecular oxygen. Four major ROS are recognized comprising superoxide (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and singlet oxygen ((1)O2), but they display very different kinetics and levels of activity. The effects of O2•- and H2O2 are less acute than those of •OH and (1)O2, because the former are much less reactive and can be detoxified by endogenous antioxidants (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) that are induced by oxidative stress. In contrast, no enzyme can detoxify •OH or (1)O2, making them extremely toxic and acutely lethal. The present review will highlight the various methods of ROS formation and their mechanism of action. Antioxidant defenses against ROS in microbial cells and the use of ROS by antimicrobial host defense systems are covered. Antimicrobial approaches primarily utilizing ROS comprise both bactericidal antibiotics and nonpharmacological methods such as photodynamic therapy, titanium dioxide photocatalysis, cold plasma, and medicinal honey. A brief final section covers reactive nitrogen species and related therapeutics, such as acidified nitrite and nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Vatansever
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Avci P, Nyame TT, Gupta GK, Sadasivam M, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser therapy for fat layer reduction: a comprehensive review. Lasers Surg Med 2013; 45:349-57. [PMID: 23749426 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a noninvasive, nonthermal approach to disorders requiring reduction of pain and inflammation and stimulation of healing and tissue regeneration. Within the last decade, LLLT started being investigated as an adjuvant to liposuction, for noninvasive body contouring, reduction of cellulite, and improvement of blood lipid profile. LLLT may also aid autologous fat transfer procedures by enhancing the viability of adipocytes. However the underlying mechanism of actions for such effects still seems to be unclear. It is important, therefore, to understand the potential efficacy and proposed mechanism of actions of this new procedure for fat reduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature associated with applications of LLLT related to fat layer reduction was performed to evaluate the findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies with respect to the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety. RESULTS The studies as of today suggest that LLLT has a potential to be used in fat and cellulite reduction as well as in improvement of blood lipid profile without any significant side effects. One of the main proposed mechanism of actions is based upon production of transient pores in adipocytes, allowing lipids to leak out. Another is through activation of the complement cascade which could cause induction of adipocyte apoptosis and subsequent release of lipids. CONCLUSION Although the present studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy of LLLT in fat layer reduction, studies demonstrating the efficacy of LLLT as a stand-alone procedure are still inadequate. Moreover, further studies are necessary to identify the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Karimi M, Avci P, Mobasseri R, Hamblin MR, Naderi-Manesh H. The novel albumin-chitosan core-shell nanoparticles for gene delivery: preparation, optimization and cell uptake investigation. J Nanopart Res 2013; 15:1651. [PMID: 24363607 PMCID: PMC3868460 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-1651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers and proteins such as chitosan (CS) and albumin (Alb) have recently attracted much attention both in drug delivery and gene delivery. The underlying rationale is their unique properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and controlled release. This study aimed to prepare novel albumin-chitosan-DNA (Alb-CS-DNA) core-shell nanoparticles as a plasmid delivery system and find the best conditions for their preparation. Phase separation method and ionic interaction were used for preparation of Alb nanoparticles and Alb-CS-DNA core-shell nanoparticles, respectively. The effects of three important independent variables (1) CS/Alb mass ratio, (2) the ratios of moles of the amine groups of cationic polymers to those of the phosphate groups of DNA (N/P ratio), and (3) Alb concentration, on the nanoparticle size and loading efficiency of the plasmid were investigated and optimized through Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were found to be CS/Alb mass ratio = 3, N/P ratio = 8.24 and Alb concentration = 0.1 mg/mL. The most critical factors for the size of nanoparticles and loading efficiency were Alb concentration and N/P ratio. The optimized nanoparticles had an average size of 176 ± 3.4 nm and loading efficiency of 80 ± 3.9 %. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the prepared nanoparticles were not toxic. The high cellular uptake of nanoparticles (~85 %) was shown by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rezvan Mobasseri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02119, USA
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, Vecchio D, Pam Z, Pam N, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2013; 32:41-52. [PMID: 24049929 PMCID: PMC4126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a fast-growing technology used to treat a multitude of conditions that require stimulation of healing, relief of pain and inflammation, and restoration of function. Although skin is naturally exposed to light more than any other organ, it still responds well to red and near-infrared wavelengths. The photons are absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores in skin cells. Consequently, electron transport, adenosine triphosphate nitric oxide release, blood flow, reactive oxygen species increase, and diverse signaling pathways are activated. Stem cells can be activated, allowing increased tissue repair and healing. In dermatology, LLLT has beneficial effects on wrinkles, acne scars, hypertrophic scars, and healing of burns. LLLT can reduce UV damage both as a treatment and as a prophylactic measure. In pigmentary disorders such as vitiligo, LLLT can increase pigmentation by stimulating melanocyte proliferation and reduce depigmentation by inhibiting autoimmunity. Inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and acne can also be managed. The noninvasive nature and almost complete absence of side effects encourage further testing in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Asheesh Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Magesh Sadasivam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Zeev Pam
- Aripam Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Nadav Pam
- Aripam Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Avci P, Sadasivam M, Gupta A, De Melo WC, Huang YY, Yin R, Chandran R, Kumar R, Otufowora A, Nyame T, Hamblin MR. Animal models of skin disease for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:331-55. [PMID: 23293893 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.761202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discovery of novel drugs, treatments, and testing of consumer products in the field of dermatology is a multi-billion dollar business. Due to the distressing nature of many dermatological diseases, and the enormous consumer demand for products to reverse the effects of skin photodamage, aging, and hair loss, this is a very active field. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we will cover the use of animal models that have been reported to recapitulate to a greater or lesser extent the features of human dermatological disease. There has been a remarkable increase in the number and variety of transgenic mouse models in recent years, and the basic strategy for constructing them is outlined. EXPERT OPINION Inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases are all represented by a range of mouse models both transgenic and normal. Skin cancer is mainly studied in mice and fish. Wound healing is studied in a wider range of animal species, and skin infections such as acne and leprosy also have been studied in animal models. Moving to the more consumer-oriented area of dermatology, there are models for studying the harmful effect of sunlight on the skin, and testing of sunscreens, and several different animal models of hair loss or alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Avci
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Boston MA, USA
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Sadasivam M, Avci P, Gupta GK, Lakshmanan S, Chandran R, Huang YY, Kumar R, Hamblin MR. Self-assembled liposomal nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy. Eur J Nanomed 2013; 5. [PMID: 24348377 DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2013-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs the combination of non-toxic photosensitizers (PS) together with harmless visible light of the appropriate wavelength to produce reactive oxygen species that kill unwanted cells. Because many PS are hydrophobic molecules prone to aggregation, numerous drug delivery vehicles have been tested to solubilize these molecules, render them biocompatible and enhance the ease of administration after intravenous injection. The recent rise in nanotechnology has markedly expanded the range of these nanoparticulate delivery vehicles beyond the well-established liposomes and micelles. Self-assembled nanoparticles are formed by judicious choice of monomer building blocks that spontaneously form a well-oriented 3-dimensional structure that incorporates the PS when subjected to the appropriate conditions. This self-assembly process is governed by a subtle interplay of forces on the molecular level. This review will cover the state of the art in the preparation and use of self-assembled liposomal nanoparticles within the context of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magesh Sadasivam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Dermatooncology and Venerology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gaurav K Gupta
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rakkiyappan Chandran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Pathology Department, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Raj Kumar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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