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Wihan J, Karnatz I, Sébastien I, Kettenhofen R, Schmid B, Clausen C, Fischer B, Steeg R, Zimmermann H, Neubauer JC. Production of Human Neurogenin 2-Inducible Neurons in a Three-Dimensional Suspension Bioreactor. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37010312 DOI: 10.3791/65085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The derivation of neuronal lineage cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) marked a milestone in brain research. Since their first advent, protocols have been continuously optimized and are now widely used in research and drug development. However, the very long duration of these conventional differentiation and maturation protocols and the increasing demand for high-quality hiPSCs and their neural derivatives raise the need for the adoption, optimization, and standardization of these protocols to large-scale production. This work presents a fast and efficient protocol for the differentiation of genetically modified, doxycycline-inducible neurogenin 2 (iNGN2)-expressing hiPSCs into neurons using a benchtop three-dimensional (3D) suspension bioreactor. In brief, single-cell suspensions of iNGN2-hiPSCs were allowed to form aggregates within 24 h, and neuronal lineage commitment was induced by the addition of doxycycline. Aggregates were dissociated after 2 days of induction and cells were either cryopreserved or replated for terminal maturation. The generated iNGN2 neurons expressed classical neuronal markers early on and formed complex neuritic networks within 1 week after replating, indicating an increasing maturity of neuronal cultures. In summary, a detailed step-by-step protocol for the fast generation of hiPSC-derived neurons in a 3D environment is provided that holds great potential as a starting point for disease modeling, phenotypic high-throughput drug screenings, and large-scale toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Wihan
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT
| | - Isabell Karnatz
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT
| | - Isabelle Sébastien
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT
| | - Ralf Kettenhofen
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT
| | | | | | - Benjamin Fischer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT
| | - Rachel Steeg
- Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd, Technology and Innovation Centre
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT;
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Rehnelt S, Malan D, Juhasz K, Wolters B, Doerr L, Beckler M, Kettenhofen R, Bohlen H, Bruegmann T, Sasse P. Correction: Rehnelt et al. Frequency-Dependent Multi-Well Cardiotoxicity Screening Enabled by Optogenetic Stimulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2634. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115562. [PMID: 34070702 PMCID: PMC8197354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rehnelt
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Krisztina Juhasz
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, 80636 Munich, Germany; (K.J.); (L.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Benjamin Wolters
- Part of the Ncardia Group, Axiogenesis AG, 50829 Cologne, Germany; (B.W.); (R.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Leo Doerr
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, 80636 Munich, Germany; (K.J.); (L.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthias Beckler
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, 80636 Munich, Germany; (K.J.); (L.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Ralf Kettenhofen
- Part of the Ncardia Group, Axiogenesis AG, 50829 Cologne, Germany; (B.W.); (R.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Heribert Bohlen
- Part of the Ncardia Group, Axiogenesis AG, 50829 Cologne, Germany; (B.W.); (R.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.R.); (D.M.)
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (P.S.); Tel.: +49-(0)228-73-2402 (P.S.)
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.R.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (P.S.); Tel.: +49-(0)228-73-2402 (P.S.)
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Gintant G, Kaushik EP, Feaster T, Stoelzle-Feix S, Kanda Y, Osada T, Smith G, Czysz K, Kettenhofen R, Lu HR, Cai B, Shi H, Herron TJ, Dang Q, Burton F, Pang L, Traebert M, Abassi Y, Pierson JB, Blinova K. Repolarization studies using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Validation studies and best practice recommendations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lu HR, Zeng H, Kettenhofen R, Guo L, Kopljar I, van Ammel K, Tekle F, Teisman A, Zhai J, Clouse H, Pierson J, Furniss M, Lagrutta A, Sannajust F, Gallacher DJ. Assessing Drug-Induced Long QT and Proarrhythmic Risk Using Human Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a Ca2+ Imaging Assay: Evaluation of 28 CiPA Compounds at Three Test Sites. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:345-356. [PMID: 31020317 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research consortium including Janssen, MSD, Ncardia, FNCR/LBR, and Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) was to evaluate the utility of an additional in vitro assay technology to detect potential drug-induced long QT and torsade de pointes (TdP) risk by monitoring cytosolic free Ca2+ transients in human stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs). The potential proarrhythmic risks of the 28 comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA) drugs linked to low, intermediate, and high clinical TdP risk were evaluated in a blinded manner using Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye assay recorded from a kinetic plate reader system (Hamamatsu FDSS/µCell and FDSS7000) in 2D cultures of 2 commercially available hSC-CM lines (Cor.4U and CDI iCell Cardiomyocytes) at 3 different test sites. The Ca2+ transient assay, performed at the 3 sites using the 2 different hSC-CMs lines, correctly detected potential drug-induced QT prolongation among the 28 CiPA drugs and detected cellular arrhythmias-like/early afterdepolarization in 7 of 8 high TdP-risk drugs (87.5%), 6 of 11 intermediate TdP-risk drugs (54.5%), and 0 of 9 low/no TdP-risk drugs (0%). The results were comparable among the 3 sites and from 2 hSC-CM cell lines. The Ca2+ transient assay can serve as a user-friendly and higher throughput alternative to complement the microelectrode array and voltage-sensing optical action potential recording assays used in the HESI-CiPA study for in vitro assessment of drug-induced long QT and TdP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Rong Lu
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV (J&J), 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Haoyu Zeng
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (MSD), West Point, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Liang Guo
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR)/Leidos Biomedical Research (LBR), Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ivan Kopljar
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV (J&J), 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Fetene Tekle
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV (J&J), 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ard Teisman
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV (J&J), 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jin Zhai
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (MSD), West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Holly Clouse
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (MSD), West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Pierson
- HESI, Cardiac Safety Technical Committee, Washington, District of Columbia 20005
| | - Michael Furniss
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR)/Leidos Biomedical Research (LBR), Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Armando Lagrutta
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (MSD), West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- Safety and Exploratory Pharmacology, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (MSD), West Point, Pennsylvania
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Bedut S, Kettenhofen R, D'Angelo JM. Voltage-sensing optical recording: A method of choice for high-throughput assessment of cardiotropic effects. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 105:106888. [PMID: 32579903 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Voltage and calcium-sensing optical recording (VSOR and CSOR, respectively) from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have been validated for in vitro evaluation of cardiotropic effects of drugs. When compared to electrophysiological devices like microelectrode array, multi-well optical recordings present a lower sample rate that may limit their capacity to detect fast depolarization or propagation velocity alterations. Additionally, the respective sensitivities of VSOR and CSOR to different cardiac electrophysiological effects have not been compared in the same conditions. METHODS FluoVolt and Cal520 dyes were used in 96 well format on hPSC-CMs to report sodium channel block by lidocaine and propagation slowing by the junctional uncoupler carbenoxolone at three recording frequencies (60, 120 and 200 Hz) as well as their sensitivity to early and late repolarization delay. RESULTS Sodium channel block led to a dose-dependent decrease of the VSOR signal rising slope that was improved by an increased sampling frequency. In contrast, the CSOR signal rising slope was only decreased at the highest concentration with no influence from the sampling rate. A similar result was obtained with carbenoxolone. Early repolarization delay by Bay K8644 showed the same effects on VSOR and CSOR signal durations while repolarization slowing by dofetilide had a significantly stronger prolongating effect on the VSOR signal at the lowest concentration. DISCUSSION VSOR showed a higher capacity to detect sodium channel block, propagation slowing and modest late repolarization delay than CSOR. Increasing the sampling rate improved the detection threshold of VSOR for excitability and conduction velocity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bedut
- E-physervices, 1 rue de la Collégiale, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ralf Kettenhofen
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Biomedizinische Technik IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
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Blinova K, Dang Q, Millard D, Smith G, Pierson J, Guo L, Brock M, Lu HR, Kraushaar U, Zeng H, Shi H, Zhang X, Sawada K, Osada T, Kanda Y, Sekino Y, Pang L, Feaster TK, Kettenhofen R, Stockbridge N, Strauss DG, Gintant G. International Multisite Study of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Drug Proarrhythmic Potential Assessment. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3582-3592. [PMID: 30257217 PMCID: PMC6226030 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the utility of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as an in vitro proarrhythmia model, we evaluated the concentration dependence and sources of variability of electrophysiologic responses to 28 drugs linked to low, intermediate, and high torsades de pointes (TdP) risk categories using two commercial cell lines and standardized protocols in a blinded multisite study using multielectrode array or voltage-sensing optical approaches. Logistical and ordinal linear regression models were constructed using drug responses as predictors and TdP risk categories as outcomes. Three of seven predictors (drug-induced arrhythmia-like events and prolongation of repolarization at either maximum tested or maximal clinical exposures) categorized drugs with reasonable accuracy (area under the curve values of receiver operator curves ~0.8). hiPSC-CM line, test site, and platform had minimal influence on drug categorization. These results demonstrate the utility of hiPSCCMs to detect drug-induced proarrhythmic effects as part of the evolving Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay paradigm. Blinova et al. tested human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for improving torsades de pointes arrhythmia risk prediction of drugs in the Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative. This validation study confirms their utility based on electrophysiologic responses to 28 blinded drugs, with minimal influence from cell lines, test sites, and electrophysiological platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Blinova
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Qianyu Dang
- Office of Biostatistics, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Godfrey Smith
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK; Clyde Biosciences, Newhouse ML1 5UH, Scotland, UK
| | - Jennifer Pierson
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Investigative Toxicology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Hua Rong Lu
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutical (JNJ), Beerse, Belgium
| | - Udo Kraushaar
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Haoyu Zeng
- Merck, Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Hong Shi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY 10154, USA
| | | | - Kohei Sawada
- Eisai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan; The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Li Pang
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | | | | | - Norman Stockbridge
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of Drug Evaluation I, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied and Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Wolters B, Doornbos M, Fleming C, Kettenhofen R. Channelrhodopsin-2 transfected hiPSC-CMS allows for LED excitation/pacing on two MEA platforms. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lu HR, Zeng H, Kettenhofen R, Guo L, Kopljar I, Ammel, Fetene T, Pierson J, Gallacher DJ. Detecting drug-induced long QT and arrhythmic risks with 28 CIPA compounds using a Ca2+ transient assay in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: A consortium from 3 sites. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hu N, Wang T, Wan H, Zhuang L, Kettenhofen R, Zhang X, Zhang YS, Xu W, Gossmann M, Bohlen H, Hou X, Wang P. Synchronized electromechanical integration recording of cardiomyocytes. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:354-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Martel C, Pertuiset C, Aubry B, Porceddu M, Buron N, Kettenhofen R, Fouassier A, Borgne-Sanchez A. Combined assays on isolated heart mitochondria and Cor.4U hiPS-derived cardiomyocytes to predict drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kettenhofen R, Wolters B, Luerman G, Bohlen H. Opening the molecular toolbox: Co-transfection of KCNJ2 and channelrhodopsin 2 mRNAs for precise control of IPS cardiomyocyte pacing and functionality. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kettenhofen R, Luerman G, Bohlen H. Unblinded: Responses to CiPA 28 compounds in COR.4U cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hess D, Kettenhofen R, Luerman G. Seizure Liability Assessment in Human IPS Neurons using Microelectrode Array and HTS via Calcium-flux. Front Cell Neurosci 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fncel.2018.38.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kettenhofen R, Luerman G, De Kort T. CiPA Validation of Human iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes Using MEA Recording – Assessment of 28 Blinded Compounds. Front Cell Neurosci 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fncel.2018.38.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wolters B, Nacken P, Kettenhofen R. Optogenetic control of transiently transfected hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for the assessment of drug related cardiotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fncel.2018.38.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rehnelt S, Malan D, Juhasz K, Wolters B, Doerr L, Beckler M, Kettenhofen R, Bohlen H, Bruegmann T, Sasse P. Frequency-Dependent Multi-Well Cardiotoxicity Screening Enabled by Optogenetic Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2634. [PMID: 29211031 PMCID: PMC5751237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Side effects on cardiac ion channels causing lethal arrhythmias are one major reason for drug withdrawals from the market. Field potential (FP) recording from cardiomyocytes, is a well-suited tool to assess such cardiotoxic effects of drug candidates in preclinical drug development, but it is currently limited to the spontaneous beating of the cardiomyocytes and manual analysis. Herein, we present a novel optogenetic cardiotoxicity screening system suited for the parallel automated frequency-dependent analysis of drug effects on FP recorded from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. For the expression of the light-sensitive cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2, we optimised protocols using virus transduction or transient mRNA transfection. Optical stimulation was performed with a new light-emitting diode lid for a 96-well FP recording system. This enabled reliable pacing at physiologically relevant heart rates and robust recording of FP. Thereby we detected rate-dependent effects of drugs on Na⁺, Ca2+ and K⁺ channel function indicated by FP prolongation, FP shortening and the slowing of the FP downstroke component, as well as generation of afterdepolarisations. Taken together, we present a scalable approach for preclinical frequency-dependent screening of drug effects on cardiac electrophysiology. Importantly, we show that the recording and analysis can be fully automated and the technology is readily available using commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rehnelt
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Krisztina Juhasz
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, 80636 Munich, Germany.
- Present address: Institute for Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität München, 80339 Munich, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Wolters
- Part of the Ncardia Group, Axiogenesis AG, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Leo Doerr
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, 80636 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Ralf Kettenhofen
- Part of the Ncardia Group, Axiogenesis AG, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Heribert Bohlen
- Part of the Ncardia Group, Axiogenesis AG, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Hughes T, Martinka S, Tewson P, Tillo S, Kettenhofen R, Luerman G, Bohlen H, Quinn AM. Human iPS Cardiomyocytes with Genetically-encoded, Fluorescent Ca2 +, Voltage and cAMP Sensors Reveal Novel Kinetics Around cAMP Signaling: Implications for Drug Safety Screening. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Koci B, Luerman G, Duenbostell A, Kettenhofen R, Bohlen H, Coyle L, Knight B, Ku W, Volberg W, Woska JR, Brown MP. An impedance-based approach using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes significantly improves in vitro prediction of in vivo cardiotox liabilities. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Murphy B, Kettenhofen R, D’Angelo J, Bohlen H. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for HTS to assess acute drug-induced as well as chronic (TKI) cardiotoxicity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pourier M, Kettenhofen R, Gibson J, Luerman G, Fedida D, Bohlen H. The late sodium current participates in repolarization of hiPSC-derived cardiac myocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kato N, Yamamoto S, Ito T, Matsubara M, Du S, Kataoka T, Iwase F, Kettenhofen R, von Haniel F, d’Angelo JM. Use of high throughput electric field stimulation (EFS) coupled with intracellular Ca 2+ kinetics measurements on iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goßmann M, Palm T, Kettenhofen R, Bohlen H, Lu HR, Gallacher DJ, Artmann G, Epple M, Artmann AT. Human iPS-derived cardiac myocyte-fibroblast 3D co-cultures: A predictive in vitro model to assess drug-induced contractile and metabolic liabilities. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vega R, Kettenhofen R, Whittaker R. Predicting compound effects on cardiac repolarization and detection of proarrhythmia signals using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stölzle S, Rubenchik O, Tenelsen J, Metzger P, Schwarzenberger T, Thomas U, Kettenhofen R. Automated patch clamp and an impedance-based assay system with cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells as a predictive tool for cardiac safety pharmacology. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kettenhofen R, Licher T, Sauerborn S, Hisada S, Niedereichholz T, Schwengberg S. Detection of Ca++ transients in iPS-derived cardiomyocytes: An HTS-ready method of measuring cardiomyocyte function. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kettenhofen R, Numann R, Gibson JK, Hebeisen S, Duenbostell A, Rubenchik O, Tenelsen J, Metzger P, Bohlen H. Human cardiomyocytes derived from iPS cells: Characterization and assessment of drug-induced changes on action potentials, ion currents, extracellular field potentials and impedance signals. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abassi YA, Xi B, Li N, Ouyang W, Seiler A, Watzele M, Kettenhofen R, Bohlen H, Ehlich A, Kolossov E, Wang X, Xu X. Dynamic monitoring of beating periodicity of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a predictive tool for preclinical safety assessment. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1424-41. [PMID: 21838757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac toxicity is a major concern in drug development and it is imperative that clinical candidates are thoroughly tested for adverse effects earlier in the drug discovery process. In this report, we investigate the utility of an impedance-based microelectronic detection system in conjunction with mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for assessment of compound risk in the drug discovery process. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Beating of cardiomyocytes was measured by a recently developed microelectronic-based system using impedance readouts. We used mouse stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to obtain dose-response profiles for over 60 compounds, including ion channel modulators, chronotropic/ionotropic agents, hERG trafficking inhibitors and drugs known to induce Torsades de Pointes arrhythmias. KEY RESULTS This system sensitively and quantitatively detected effects of modulators of cardiac function, including some compounds missed by electrophysiology. Pro-arrhythmic compounds produced characteristic profiles reflecting arrhythmia, which can be used for identification of other pro-arrhythmic compounds. The time series data can be used to identify compounds that induce arrhythmia by complex mechanisms such as inhibition of hERG channels trafficking. Furthermore, the time resolution allows for assessment of compounds that simultaneously affect both beating and viability of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Microelectronic monitoring of stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte beating provides a high throughput, quantitative and predictive assay system that can be used for assessment of cardiac liability earlier in the drug discovery process. The convergence of stem cell technology with microelectronic monitoring should facilitate cardiac safety assessment.
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Stoelzle S, Obergrussberger A, Brüggemann A, Haarmann C, George M, Kettenhofen R, Fertig N. State-of-the-Art Automated Patch Clamp Devices: Heat Activation, Action Potentials, and High Throughput in Ion Channel Screening. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:76. [PMID: 22131976 PMCID: PMC3223389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are essential in a wide range of cellular functions and their malfunction underlies many disease states making them important targets in drug discovery. The availability of standardized cell lines expressing ion channels of interest lead to the development of diverse automated patch clamp (APC) systems with high-throughput capabilities. These systems are now available for drug screening, but there are limitations in the application range. However, further development of existing devices and introduction of new systems widen the range of possible experiments and increase throughput. The addition of well controlled and fast solution exchange, temperature control and the availability of the current clamp mode are required to analyze standard cell lines and excitable cells such as stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in a more physiologically relevant environment. Here we describe two systems with different areas of applications that meet the needs of drug discovery researchers and basic researchers alike. The here utilized medium throughput APC device is a planar patch clamp system capable of recording up to eight cells simultaneously. Features such as temperature control and recordings in the current clamp mode are described here. Standard cell lines and excitable cells such as stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have been used in the voltage clamp and current clamp modes with the view to finding new drug candidates and safety testing methods in a more physiologically relevant environment. The high-throughput system used here is a planar patch clamp screening platform capable of recording from 96 cells in parallel and offers a throughput of 5000 data points per day. Full dose response curves can be acquired from individual cells reducing the cost per data point. The data provided reveals the suitability and relevance of both APC platforms for drug discovery, ion channel research, and safety testing.
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Schwengberg S, Kettenhofen R, Bohlen H. ES-cell derived ready-to-use cardiomyocytes: An efficient and predictive tool to detect cardiac specific cytotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The exact prediction of the clinical behavior of drugs represents one of the most difficult duties in preclinical drug development. The use of cell-based assay systems underpins the development of many drug candidates, but owing to the artificial character of many of these systems, cell response and physiological behavior seem to be mutually exclusive. Embryonic stem cell-derived cells represent a system that may address the disconnect between the behavior of cultured cells and cells in situ. While undifferentiated ES cells allow standardization, expansion and genetic manipulation, the differentiated cells provide a reflection of the normal physiological image of their primary counterpart. We compare common models to detect cardiac toxicity with an assay system comprising in vitro differentiated pure cardiomyocytes.
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Kolossov E, Bostani T, Roell W, Breitbach M, Pillekamp F, Nygren JM, Sasse P, Rubenchik O, Fries JWU, Wenzel D, Geisen C, Xia Y, Lu Z, Duan Y, Kettenhofen R, Jovinge S, Bloch W, Bohlen H, Welz A, Hescheler J, Jacobsen SE, Fleischmann BK. Engraftment of engineered ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes but not BM cells restores contractile function to the infarcted myocardium. J Exp Med 2006; 203:2315-27. [PMID: 16954371 PMCID: PMC2118112 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cardiomyoplasty is an attractive option for the treatment of severe heart failure. It is, however, still unclear and controversial which is the most promising cell source. Therefore, we investigated and examined the fate and functional impact of bone marrow (BM) cells and embryonic stem cell (ES cell)-derived cardiomyocytes after transplantation into the infarcted mouse heart. This proved particularly challenging for the ES cells, as their enrichment into cardiomyocytes and their long-term engraftment and tumorigenicity are still poorly understood. We generated transgenic ES cells expressing puromycin resistance and enhanced green fluorescent protein cassettes under control of a cardiac-specific promoter. Puromycin selection resulted in a highly purified (>99%) cardiomyocyte population, and the yield of cardiomyocytes increased 6-10-fold because of induction of proliferation on purification. Long-term engraftment (4-5 months) was observed when co-transplanting selected ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts into the injured heart of syngeneic mice, and no teratoma formation was found (n = 60). Although transplantation of ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes improved heart function, BM cells had no positive effects. Furthermore, no contribution of BM cells to cardiac, endothelial, or smooth muscle neogenesis was detected. Hence, our results demonstrate that ES-based cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of impaired myocardial function and provides better results than BM-derived cells.
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Kolossov E, Bostani T, Roell W, Breitbach M, Pillekamp F, Nygren JM, Sasse P, Rubenchik O, Fries JWU, Wenzel D, Geisen C, Xia Y, Lu Z, Duan Y, Kettenhofen R, Jovinge S, Bloch W, Bohlen H, Welz A, Hescheler J, Jacobsen SE, Fleischmann BK. Engraftment of engineered ES cell–derived cardiomyocytes but not BM cells restores contractile function to the infarcted myocardium. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2006. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1747oia13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kettenhofen R, Hoppe J, Eberhard G, Seul C, Ko Y, Sachinidis A. Regulation of Gadd45a mRNA expression in vascular smooth muscle under growth and stress conditions. Cell Signal 2001; 13:787-99. [PMID: 11583914 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(01)00198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify differentially expressed genes under growth conditions, quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were stimulated with foetal calf serum (FCS) or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) for different time periods. Analysing the gene expression by the differential display (DD) method, we identified the cDNA of the growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 45a (Gadd45a, also known as gadd45 and gadd45a). Treatment with FCS or PDGF-BB led to a transient down-regulating of Gadd45a expression during the G0/G1 phase and maximal expression when cells had completed division. We found that expression of p53 and BRCA1 mRNA precedes Gadd45a mRNA expression with a maximal induction in the S phase. As in smooth muscle cells, a similar pattern of the Gadd45a mRNA expression was observed in knockout Gadd45a(-/-) cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, no differences between Gadd45a(+/+) and Gadd45a(-/-) cell lines were observed regarding their kinetics of cell division. These experiments suggest a function of Gadd45a when cells exit the cell cycle rather than when regulating the entry into the S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kettenhofen
- Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik, Wilhelmstrasse 35-37, D-53111, Bonn, Germany
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Sachinidis A, Kettenhofen R, Seewald S, Gouni-Berthold I, Schmitz U, Seul C, Ko Y, Vetter H. Evidence that lipoproteins are carriers of bioactive factors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2412-21. [PMID: 10521371 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.10.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the mitogenic effect of LDL (100 microg/mL) as well as its early intracellular signaling pathway are mediated by a pertussis-toxin (PTX)-sensitive G(i) protein-coupled receptor that is independent from its classical receptor and involves activation of extracellular response kinases (ERK1/2) (also known as p44(mapk)/p42(mapk)). In the present study we examined whether LDL-adherent factors may be responsible for some of the effects of LDL. The term "signaling activity" is used to characterize fractions that cause an increase in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration or stimulate ERK1/2 and c-fos mRNA expression. LDL, HDL, and VLDL stimulate ERK1/2 with the following order of potency: LDL>HDL>VLDL. After delipidation of LDL with chloroform/methanol/water mixtures a PTX-sensitive signaling activity was found in one fraction arbitrarily called LDL-F. After further analysis of LDL-F compounds by high pressure liquid chromatography, a PTX-sensitive signaling activity was detected only in the fraction with a retention time of 33 minutes (arbitrarily called LDL-F33). Similarly, after separation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) by high pressure liquid chromatography, a PTX-sensitive signaling activity was found in the fractions 33 and 33 to 35, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the effects of LDL-F33 are mimicked by similar fractions collected from SPP/SPC, hence suggesting that these LDL-adherent molecules are possibly closely related to SPP/SPC. A PTX-sensitive signaling activity was also detected in HDL and HDL-F33. Therefore, LDL and other lipoproteins may function as carriers for bioactive phospholipids thereby contributing to the development of coronary artery disease. Our findings support a new research concept that may contribute in elucidating cellular mechanisms promoting coronary artery disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Biological Transport/drug effects
- Biological Transport/physiology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Fractionation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol, HDL/analysis
- Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism
- Cholesterol, LDL/analysis
- Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism
- Cholesterol, VLDL/metabolism
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Pertussis Toxin
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sachinidis
- Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik, Wilhelmstr. 35-37, Bonn, Germany.
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Kettenhofen R, Meyer zu Brickwedde MK, KO Y, Vetter H, Sachinidis A. Identification of a phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase-related gene mRNA in rat vascular smooth muscle cells by the differential display approach. J Mol Biol 1998; 279:323-9. [PMID: 9642040 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and proliferation may participate in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. The analysis of changes in gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells is crucial to the understanding of the molecular biology of cardiovascular disease. An effective method for analysis of gene expression is the differential display approach. Applying the differential display approach, we identified a gp130RB13-6-related gene in vascular smooth muscle cells following stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor-BB and angiotensin II. It is well known that gp130RB13-6 is a phosphodiesterase/nucleotide pyrophosphatase. Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a dramatic down-regulation of the gp130RB13-6-related mRNA after six hours of stimulation of the cells with both agonists. Recently, gp130RB13-6 was identified as a rat neural differentiation and tumor cell surface plasma membrane glycoprotein. These findings demonstrate that the expression of gp130RB13-6 mRNA in vascular smooth muscle cells is remarkably regulated by growth factors and therefore may play an important role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell growth.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Division/genetics
- Cell Division/physiology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Phosphodiesterase I
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Pyrophosphatases/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
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Seewald S, Seul C, Kettenhofen R, Bokemeyer D, Ko Y, Vetter H, Sachinidis A. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in the angiotensin II-induced DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 1998; 31:1151-6. [PMID: 9576128 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.31.5.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) are discussed in reference to activation of different protein kinases and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of angiotensin (Ang) II-induced increase in [Ca2+]i for activation of 44-kD/42-kD MAP kinase (p44mapk/p42mapk) and DNA synthesis in VSMCs. Experiments were performed by chelation of [Ca2+]i by the intracellular chelator 1,2-bis-(o-amino-5-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester (MAPTAM). Ca2+ was measured by the fura 2 method. MAP kinase activation was determined by the Western blotting method. DNA synthesis was determined by measurement of [3H]thymidine incorporation into the cell DNA. Treatment of VSMCs with 20 micromol/L MAPTAM for 30 minutes resulted in a complete abolishment of the maximal Ang II-induced increase at 10 seconds. Ang II phosphorylated the p44mapk/p42mapk in a time-dependent manner, showing a maximum at 3 minutes. In MAPTAM-treated cells, the maximal phosphorylation of MAP kinase isoforms was shifted to 5 minutes, and dephosphorylation was delayed compared with untreated cells. In concordance with this finding, the induction of the MAP kinase phosphatase-1 was markedly impaired in MAPTAM-treated cells. Ang II induced a 2.3-fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA synthesis in untreated cells. This effect was not reduced in MAPTAM-treated cells. Treatment of the cells with PD 98059 (10 micromol/L), a MAP kinase kinase inhibitor, caused 85% inhibition of the Ang II-induced activation of MAP kinases but did not inhibit the Ang II-induced DNA synthesis. In conclusion, the Ang II-induced stimulation of the MAP kinase is a Ca2+-dependent process. Furthermore, blockade of the Ang II-induced stimulation of the early intracellular events, such as increase in [Ca2+]i or phosphorylation of the MAP kinase, is not accompanied by an inhibition of the Ang II-induced DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seewald
- Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik, Bonn, Germany
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Seewald S, Sachinidis A, Seul C, Kettenhofen R, Ko Y, Vetter H. The role of platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Hypertens 1997; 15:1671-5. [PMID: 9488221 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199715120-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is an important vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) mitogen. PDGF-BB induces an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), an activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and an increase in DNA synthesis. The increase in [Ca2+]i is thought to be an important second messenger in the intracellular signalling cascade, leading to growth of VSMC. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the PDGF-BB-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in the activation of MAP kinase and increase in DNA synthesis. Binding of [Ca2+]i was performed by the intracellular chelator bis-(2-amino-5-methylphenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester (MAPTAM). METHODS Ca2+ levels were measured by the Fura-2 method. MAP kinase activation was determined by Western blotting. DNA synthesis was determined by measurement of incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into the cell DNA. RESULTS Administration of 50 ng/ml PDGF-BB induced an increase in [Ca2+]i, an activation of MAP kinase and an increase in DNA synthesis. In bis-(2-amino-5-methylphenoxy) ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester (MAPTAM)-treated cells the PDGF-BB-induced effect on [Ca2+]i was totally blunted, whereas no effect on MAP kinase activation and DNA synthesis could be observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that the effect of PDGF-BB on MAP kinase activation is independent of calcium level. [Ca2+]i might be implicated in the PDGF-BB-induced mitogenic process only in conjugation with other signalling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seewald
- Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik, Bonn, Germany
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