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Saito R, Shinozaki Y, Tabata K, Nishinaka Y, Yokoyama K, Kon R, Sakai H, Hosoe T, Ikarashi N. Tokishakuyakusan alleviates ultraviolet-induced skin pigmentation by decreasing the expression of melanogenesis-related enzymes. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 332:118348. [PMID: 38762211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tokishakuyakusan (TSS), a traditional Kampo medicine, can effectively alleviate symptoms unique to women, such as menstrual pain and menopausal symptoms, and this effect is believed to be related to its ability to increase the secretion of female hormones. TSS is also believed to be effective against skin pigmentation. However, no studies have examined the effect of TSS on pigmentation. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we conducted basic research to determine the effects of TSS on pigmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female HRM-2 mice were given free access to a normal diet or a TSS-containing diet for 7 weeks. For 3 weeks starting from the 4th week of treatment, the back of the skin was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light, and the melanin level was measured. The expression levels of melanogenesis-related genes and inflammatory markers in the skin were analyzed. RESULTS The melanin level in the skin of the mice exposed to UV radiation was approximately three times greater than that in the skin of the mice in the non-UV-irradiated group, confirming pigmentation due to UV irradiation. The protein expression levels of tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (Tyrp1), and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct), which are important for melanin production, were significantly greater in the UV irradiation group than in the non-UV irradiation group. In contrast, the amount of skin melanin in the mice treated with TSS was significantly lower than that in the UV-irradiated group, and the expression levels of melanogenesis-related enzymes were also lower. Furthermore, TSS significantly decreased the expression of microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf), a transcription factor for melanogenesis-related enzymes, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS TSS inhibits melanin production in melanocytes by suppressing the increase in the expression of melanogenesis-related enzymes caused by UV irradiation. These findings suggested that this effect of TSS is exerted through the combined regulation of MITF expression and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinka Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yui Shinozaki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Keito Tabata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yui Nishinaka
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Koki Yokoyama
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Japan
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Tabata K, Ikarashi N, Shinozaki Y, Yoshida R, Kon R, Sakai H, Hosoe T, Kamei J. Effect of the gut microbiota on the expression of genes that are important for maintaining skin function: Analysis using aged mice. J Dermatol 2024; 51:419-428. [PMID: 38087767 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota changes greatly at the onset of disease, and the importance of intestinal bacteria has been highlighted. The gut microbiota also changes greatly with aging. Aging causes skin dryness, but it is not known how changes in the gut microbiota with aging affects the expression of genes that are important for maintaining skin function. In this study, we investigated how age-related changes in gut microbiota affect the expression of genes that regulate skin function. The gut microbiotas from young mice and aged mice were transplanted into germ-free mice (fecal microbiota transplantation [FMT]). These recipient mice were designated FMT-young mice and FMT-old mice respectively, and the expression levels of genes important for maintaining skin function were analyzed. The dermal water content was significantly lower in old mice than that in young mice, indicating dry skin. The gut microbiota significantly differed between old mice and young mice. The water channel aquaporin-3 (Aqp3) expression level in the skin of FMT-old mice was significantly higher than that in FMT-young mice. In addition, among the genes that play an important role in maintaining skin function, the expression levels of those encoding ceramide-degrading enzyme, ceramide synthase, hyaluronic acid-degrading enzyme, and Type I collagen were also significantly higher in FMT-old mice than in FMT-young mice. It was revealed that the gut microbiota, which changes with age, regulates the expression levels of genes related to skin function, including AQP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keito Tabata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Shinozaki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sato K, Satoshi Y, Miyauchi Y, Sato F, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Hosoe T, Sakai H. Downregulation of PGC-1α during cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy in murine skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166877. [PMID: 37673360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of cisplatin on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, expressions of genes related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and the factors related to mitochondrial biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. Systemic cisplatin administration decreased skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle strength, and endurance. The mitochondrial DNA /nuclear DNA ratio was also reduced after treatment with cisplatin. Moreover, among the factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) was significantly downregulated in the cisplatin-treated group. Downregulation of PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle may contribute to muscle weakness during cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sato
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yoshida Satoshi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yu Miyauchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan; Department of Bioregulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan.
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Shinozaki Y, Ikarashi N, Tabata K, Miyazawa A, Kon R, Sakai H, Hosoe T. Expression analysis of genes important for maintaining skin function in a senescence-accelerated mouse prone model. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:951-957. [PMID: 37908183 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Senescence-accelerated mouse prone (SAMP) mice can reproduce the same conditions as normal aging mice in a short period. Although SAMP mice have been widely used in aging research, research on skin function in SAMP mice is lacking. In this study, to investigate the skin function of SAMP mice, we analyzed the expression of genes important for maintaining skin function. METHODS Eight-month-old SAMP mice and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant (SAMR) mice with normal aging were used. The expression levels of various functional genes in the skin were analyzed. RESULTS The dermal water content of SAMP mice was significantly lower than that of SAMR mice, indicating dry skin. The mRNA expression levels of elastin (Ela), filaggrin (Flg), loricrin (Lor), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1a1) and Col1a2 in the skin of SAMP mice were all significantly decreased compared with those of SAMR mice. Hyaluronan-degrading enzyme (Hyal1) expression levels in SAMP mice were similar to those in SAMR mice, but hyaluronan synthase (Has2) levels were significantly decreased. In addition, the expression level of aquaporin-3 in the skin of SAMP mice was significantly decreased at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS In the skin of SAMP mice, the expression levels of various skin function-regulating genes were decreased, and this phenomenon might cause skin dryness. The SAMP mouse could be a tool for analyzing skin aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 951-957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Shinozaki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keito Tabata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuka Miyazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sato K, Miyauchi Y, Xu X, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Hosoe T, Sakai H. Platinum-based anticancer drugs-induced downregulation of myosin heavy chain isoforms in skeletal muscle of mouse. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 152:167-177. [PMID: 37257944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a platinum-based anticancer drug used frequently in cancer treatment, causes skeletal muscle atrophy. It was predicted that the proteolytic pathway is enhanced as the mechanism of this atrophy. Therefore, we investigated whether a platinum-based anticancer drug affects the expression of the major proteins of skeletal muscle, myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Mice were injected with cisplatin or oxaliplatin for four consecutive days. C2C12 myotubes were treated using cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Administration of platinum-based anticancer drug reduced quadriceps mass and muscle strength compared to the control group. Protein levels of all MyHC isoforms were reduced in the platinum-based anticancer drug groups. However, only Myh2 (MyHC-IIa) gene expression in skeletal muscle of mice treated with platinum-based anticancer drugs was found to be reduced. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with platinum-based anticancer drugs reduced the protein levels of all MyHCs, and treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 restored this reduction. The expression of Mef2c, which was predicted to act upstream of Myh2, was reduced in the skeletal muscle of mice treated systemically with platinum-based anticancer drug. Degradation of skeletal muscle MyHCs by proteasomes may be a factor that plays an important role in muscle mass loss in platinum-based anticancer drug-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sato
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Yu Miyauchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Xinran Xu
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan; Department of Bioregulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan.
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Kon R, Ikarashi N, Yamaguchi A, Teshima Y, Yamaguchi T, Miyaoka K, Fukuda M, Noguchi H, Tomimoto R, Sakai H, Kamei J, Hosoe T. Green tea extract prevents CPT-11-induced diarrhea by regulating the gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6537. [PMID: 37085597 PMCID: PMC10121581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer drug with indications for use in treating various cancers, but severe diarrhea develops as a side effect. We investigated the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on CPT-11-induced diarrhea, focusing on β-glucuronidase and intestinal UGT1A1. When CPT-11 was administered to rats alone, the fecal water content was approximately 3.5-fold higher in this group than in the control group, and diarrhea developed. The fecal water content in the GTE-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but the difference was smaller than that between the group treated with CPT-11 alone and the control group, and diarrhea improved. When CPT-11 was administered alone, the abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli, which are β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria, increased and interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β mRNA levels in the colon increased, but GTE suppressed these increases. CPT-11 decreased colon UGT1A1 and short-chain fatty acid levels; however, this decrease was suppressed in the GTE-treated group. The findings that GTE decreases the abundance of β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria and increases colon UGT1A1 levels, thereby decreasing the production of the active metabolite SN-38 in the intestinal tract, indicate that GTE ameliorates CPT-11-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Teshima
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tamami Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyaoka
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Moeno Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hinata Noguchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Rei Tomimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-4-4 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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Kon R, Ikarashi N, Onuma K, Yasukawa Z, Ozeki M, Sakai H, Kamei J. Cover Image. Food Sci Nutr 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
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Kon R, Ikarashi N, Onuma K, Yasukawa Z, Ozeki M, Sakai H, Kamei J. Effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on the expression of aquaporin-3 in the colon. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:1127-1133. [PMID: 36789055 PMCID: PMC9922137 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of functional foods targeting gastrointestinal disorders has been in progress. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), which is a water-soluble dietary fiber, is known to have a constipation-improving effect. However, many aspects of the mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which regulates the water content of feces in ameliorative effect of PHGG on constipation. Rats were allowed to freely consume a normal diet or a diet containing 5% PHGG for 14 days, and defecation parameters were measured. We also analyzed the expression levels of genes involved in water transport in the colon. The defecation frequency and volume of rats treated with PHGG were not different from those from the control group, but the fecal water content was significantly increased, and soft stools were observed. The expressions of claudin-1, tight junction protein-1, and cadherin-1, which are involved in tight junctions or adherens junctions, were almost the same in the PHGG-treated group and the control group. The expression level of AQP3 in the colon was significantly decreased in the PHGG-treated group. In this study, PHGG decreased the colonic AQP3 expression, thereby suppressing water transport from the luminal side to the vascular side and improving constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologyHoshi UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Onuma
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologyHoshi UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Zenta Yasukawa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of NutritionKanazawa Gakuin UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologyHoshi UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Advanced Research Institute for Health ScienceJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
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Sakai H, Sato K, Ito K, Kosugi I, Kiyama M, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Kamei J, Chiba Y, Hosoe T. Inhibition of Spred/Sprouty Expression in the Skin of a Contact Dermatitis-Like Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1208-1212. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Koya Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Ikoi Kosugi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Miho Kiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Bioregulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
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Sakai H, Zhou Y, Miyauchi Y, Suzuki Y, Ikeno Y, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Hosoe T, Kamei J. Increased 20S Proteasome Expression and the Effect of Bortezomib during Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:910-918. [PMID: 35786599 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug used to treat a variety of cancers. Muscle loss in cancer patients is associated with increased cancer-related mortality. Previously, we suggested that cisplatin administration increases the atrophic gene expressions of ubiquitin E3 ligases, such as atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF1), which may lead to muscle atrophy. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were treated with cisplatin (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline for 4 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the final injection of cisplatin, quadriceps muscles were removed from the mice. The gene expression of Psma and Psmb, which comprise the 20S proteasome, was upregulated by cisplatin administration in the quadriceps muscle of mouse. Systemic administration of cisplatin significantly reduced not only the quadriceps muscle mass but also the diameter of the myofibers. In addition, bortezomib (0.125 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered 30 min before each cisplatin treatment. The co-administration of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, significantly recovered the reductions in the mass of quadriceps and myofiber diameter, although it did not recover the decline in the forelimb and forepaw strength induced by cisplatin. Increased 20S proteasome abundance may play a significant role in the development of cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy. During cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, different mechanisms may be involved between loss of muscle mass and strength. In addition, it is suggested that bortezomib has essentially no effect on cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yu Miyauchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yohei Ikeno
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Tomoo Hosoe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University.,Department of Bioregulatory Science, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University.,Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University
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Ikeno Y, Inomata M, Tsukimura Y, Suzuki Y, Takeuchi H, Harada Y, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Yamada T, Kamei J, Sakai H. Eicosapentaenoic acid suppresses cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy by attenuating the up-regulated gene expression of ubiquitin. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 103:108953. [PMID: 35121023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously it was shown that cisplatin causes muscle atrophy. Under this condition, cisplatin increased the expression of atorogenes, such as muscle ring finger 1 and atrogin-1 (also known as muscle atrophy F-box protein), in mouse skeletal muscle. It was reported recently that ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitinated protein levels in skeletal muscle were also up-regulated in cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy, and cisplatin-induced ubiquitinated proteins were degraded by the 26S proteasome pathway. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is effective against skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. However, it is unclear how EPA suppresses the Ub-proteasome pathway. In this study, the effect of EPA on cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy in mice was examined. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin or vehicle control once daily for 4 days. EPA or its vehicle was orally administered 30 min before cisplatin administration. Cisplatin systemic administration induced decrease in muscle mass, myofiber diameter, and increase in Ub genes and ubiquitinated proteins in mouse skeletal muscle were recovered by co-treatment with EPA. However, weight loss and up-regulated atrogenes induced by cisplatin were not changed by co-treatment with EPA in skeletal muscle. In this study, EPA attenuated cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy via down-regulation of up-regulated Ub gene expression. Although further clinical studies are needed, EPA administration can be effective in the development of muscle atrophy in cisplatin-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ikeno
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Maya Inomata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsukimura
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yui Harada
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan.
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Sakai H, Asami M, Naito H, Kitora S, Suzuki Y, Miyauchi Y, Tachinooka R, Yoshida S, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Kamei J. Exogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 attenuates cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1570-1581. [PMID: 34268902 PMCID: PMC8718074 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reduction in the skeletal muscle mass worsens the prognosis of patients with various cancers. Our previous studies indicated that cisplatin administration to mice caused muscle atrophy. This is a concern for human patients receiving cisplatin. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway stimulates the rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Thus, IGF-I can be a central therapeutic target for preventing the loss of skeletal muscle mass in muscle atrophy, although it remains unclear whether pharmacological activation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway attenuates muscle atrophy induced by cisplatin. In this study, we examined whether exogenous recombinant human IGF-1 attenuated cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (8-9 weeks old) were injected with cisplatin or saline for four consecutive days. On Day 5, quadriceps muscles were isolated. Mecasermin (recombinant human IGF-1) or the vehicle control was subcutaneously administered 30 min prior to cisplatin administration. A dietary restriction group achieving weight loss equivalent to that caused by cisplatin administration was used as a second control. C2C12 myotubes were treated with cisplatin with/without recombinant mouse IGF-1. The skeletal muscle protein synthesis/degradation pathway was analysed by histological and biochemical methods. RESULTS Cisplatin reduced protein level of IGF-1 by about 85% compared with the vehicle group and also reduced IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling in skeletal muscle. Under this condition, the protein levels of muscle ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1) and atrophy gene 1 (atrogin-1) were increased in quadriceps muscles (MuRF1; 3.0 ± 0.1 folds, atrogin-1; 3.0 ± 0.3 folds, P < 0.001, respectively). The administration of a combination of cisplatin and IGF-1 significantly suppressed the cisplatin-induced downregulation of IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling and upregulation of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 (up to 1.6 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.4 folds, P < 0.001, respectively), resulting in diminished muscular atrophy. IGF-1 showed similar effects in cisplatin-treated C2C12 myotubes, as well as the quadriceps muscle in mice. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of IGF-1 expression in skeletal muscle might be one of the factors playing an important role in the development of cisplatin-induced muscular atrophy. Compensating for this downregulation with exogenous IGF-1 suggests that it could be a therapeutic target for limiting the loss of skeletal muscle mass in cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Asami
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Naito
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Kitora
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Miyauchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Tachinooka
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Ikarashi N, Shiseki M, Yoshida R, Tabata K, Kimura R, Watanabe T, Kon R, Sakai H, Kamei J. Cannabidiol Application Increases Cutaneous Aquaporin-3 and Exerts a Skin Moisturizing Effect. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090879. [PMID: 34577578 PMCID: PMC8469387 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major nonpsychotropic component of Cannabis sativa with various pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the skin moisturizing effect of CBD and its mechanism. A 1% CBD solution was applied daily to skin of HR-1 hairless (Seven-week-old, male) for 14 days. The dermal water content in CBD-treated mice was significantly increased compared to that in the control group. Furthermore, no inflammatory reaction in the skin and no obvious skin disorders were observed. The mRNA expression levels of loricrin, filaggrin, collagen, hyaluronic acid degrading enzyme, hyaluronic acid synthase, ceramide degrading enzyme, and ceramide synthase in the skin were not affected by the application of CBD. However, only aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a member of the aquaporin family, showed significantly higher levels in the CBD-treated group than in the control group at both the mRNA and protein levels. It was revealed that CBD has a moisturizing effect on the skin. In addition, it is possible that increased expression of AQP3, which plays an important role in skin water retention, is a contributor to the mechanism. CBD is expected to be developed in the future as a cosmetic material with a unique mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.); +81-3-3815-7021 (J.K.)
| | - Marina Shiseki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Ryotaro Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Keito Tabata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Rina Kimura
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Tomofumi Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.); +81-3-3815-7021 (J.K.)
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14
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Ikarashi N, Kon R, Nagoya C, Ishikura A, Sugiyama Y, Takahashi J, Sugiyama K. Effect of Astaxanthin on the Expression and Activity of Aquaporin-3 in Skin in an In-Vitro Study. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090193. [PMID: 32932769 PMCID: PMC7554991 DOI: 10.3390/life10090193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione) is a red lipophilic pigment with strong antioxidant action. Oral or topical administration of astaxanthin has been reported to improve skin function, including increasing skin moisture. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which astaxanthin improves skin function by focusing on the water channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which plays important roles in maintaining skin moisture and function. When astaxanthin was added to PHK16-0b or HaCaT cells, the mRNA expression level of AQP3 increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell lines. The AQP3 protein expression level was also confirmed to increase when astaxanthin was added to HaCaT cells. Similarly, when astaxanthin was added to 3D human epidermis model EpiSkin, AQP3 expression increased. Furthermore, when glycerol and astaxanthin were simultaneously added to EpiSkin, glycerol permeability increased significantly compared with that observed for the addition of glycerol alone. We demonstrated that astaxanthin increases AQP3 expression in the skin and enhances AQP3 activity. This result suggests that the increased AQP3 expression in the skin is associated with the increase in skin moisture by astaxanthin. Thus, we consider astaxanthin useful for treating dry skin caused by decreased AQP3 due to factors such as diabetes mellitus and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.)
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
| | - Chika Nagoya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (C.N.); (A.I.); (Y.S.)
| | - Airi Ishikura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (C.N.); (A.I.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuri Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (C.N.); (A.I.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jiro Takahashi
- Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., 1 Gohkakizawa, Kamiichi-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Molecular Kinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.)
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15
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Sakai H, Ikeno Y, Tsukimura Y, Inomata M, Suzuki Y, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Yamada T, Kamei J. Upregulation of ubiquitinated proteins and their degradation pathway in muscle atrophy induced by cisplatin in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115165. [PMID: 32738330 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that cisplatin administration in mice induces muscle atrophy and an increase in the expression of two muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase genes, muscle ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1), and atrophy gene-1 (atrogin-1), in skeletal muscle. Ubiquitination serves as a degradation signal in both the ubiquitin-proteasome and selective autophagy pathways. In the present study, we investigated changes in the expression of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins and their degradation pathways. Ubiquitin and ubiquitinated protein levels were increased by cisplatin compared with those in the vehicle and dietary restriction (DR) groups. To quantify the levels of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins, we conducted a dot blot assay using an anti-ubiquitin antibody. The expression of ubiquitin was also significantly increased by cisplatin compared with that in the vehicle and DR groups. Since the ubiquitin proteins were upregulated by cisplatin, we measured the mRNA levels of the ubiquitin genes: Ubb, Ubc, Rps27a, and Uba52. All these four genes were increased by cisplatin administration compared with those in both the vehicle-treated and DR groups in quadriceps muscle tissue. The anti-ubiquitin antibody-sensitive bands increased when C2C12 myotubes were treated with cisplatin. Furthermore, MG-132 (26 s proteasome inhibitor), but not bafilomycin A1 (autophagy inhibitor), caused a further increase in expression. In conclusion, ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins are upregulated in cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy. Cisplatin-induced ubiquitinated proteins are degraded by the 26 s proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan.
| | - Yohei Ikeno
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsukimura
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Maya Inomata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1138602, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan
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Ikarashi N, Fukuda N, Ochiai M, Sasaki M, Kon R, Sakai H, Hatanaka M, Kamei J. Lactobacillus helveticus-Fermented Milk Whey Suppresses Melanin Production by Inhibiting Tyrosinase through Decreasing MITF Expression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072082. [PMID: 32674403 PMCID: PMC7400678 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey obtained from milk fermented by the Lactobacillus helveticus CM4 strain (LHMW) has been shown to improve skin barrier function and increase skin-moisturizing factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of LHMW on melanin production to explore the additional impacts of LHMW on the skin. We treated mouse B16 melanoma cells with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) alone or simultaneously with LHMW and measured the amount of melanin. The amount of melanin in B16 cells treated with α-MSH significantly increased by 2-fold compared with that in control cells, and tyrosinase activity was also elevated. Moreover, treatment with LHMW significantly suppressed the increase in melanin content and elevation of tyrosinase activity due to α-MSH. LHMW also suppressed the α-MSH-induced increased expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) at the protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression levels were significantly increased with treatment with α-MSH alone, which were also suppressed by LHMW addition. LHMW suppression of melanin production is suggested to involve inhibition of the expression of the tyrosinase gene family by lowering the MITF expression level. LHMW may have promise as a material for cosmetics with expected clinical application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918
| | - Natsuko Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Makiba Ochiai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Mami Sasaki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Misaki Hatanaka
- Asahi Calpis Wellness Co., Ltd., 2-4-1 Ebisu-minami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan;
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
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17
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Ikarashi N, Fujitate N, Togashi T, Takayama N, Fukuda N, Kon R, Sakai H, Kamei J, Sugiyama K. Acacia Polyphenol Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in Trimellitic Anhydride-Induced Model Mice via Changes in the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060773. [PMID: 32545274 PMCID: PMC7353469 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that acacia polyphenol (AP), which was extracted from the bark of Acacia mearnsii De Wild, exerts antiobesity, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive effects. In this study, we examined the effect of AP on atopic dermatitis. Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was applied to the ears of mice to create model mice with atopic dermatitis. The frequency of scratching behavior in the TMA-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the expression levels of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2) in the skin also increased. In contrast, both the frequency of scratching behavior and the expression levels of skin inflammatory markers in the AP-treated group were significantly lower than those in the TMA-treated group. The abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., increased in the AP-treated group compared with the TMA-treated group. Furthermore, the abundances of Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium coccoides in the gut, which are known for anti-inflammatory properties, increased significantly with AP administration. The present results revealed that AP inhibits TMA-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms. In addition, the results also suggested that this effect may be associated with the mechanism of gut microbiota improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.)
| | - Natsumi Fujitate
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Takumi Togashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Natsuko Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (N.F.); (T.T.); (N.T.); (N.F.); (R.K.); (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Molecular Kinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (K.S.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.)
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18
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Ikarashi N, Kaneko M, Watanabe T, Kon R, Yoshino M, Yokoyama T, Tanaka R, Takayama N, Sakai H, Kamei J. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Erlotinib Induces Dry Skin via Decreased in Aquaporin-3 Expression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040545. [PMID: 32260143 PMCID: PMC7225942 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An adverse reaction of dry skin occurs frequently during treatment with anticancer epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In this study, we conducted basic research to clarify the mechanism of EGFR-TKI-induced dry skin and propose new treatments or preventative measures. Dermal water content was significantly lower in the erlotinib-treated mice than in the control group. An assessment of the expression levels of functional genes in the skin revealed that only the expression of the water channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) was significantly decreased in the erlotinib-treated group. When erlotinib was added to epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells, the expression levels of both AQP3 mRNA and protein decreased. Erlotinib treatment also significantly decreased the expression levels of phospho-EGFR and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), both in HaCaT cells and mouse skin. Dry skin due to erlotinib may be caused by the decreased expression of AQP3 in the skin, thereby limiting water transport from the vascular side to the corneum side. The decrease in AQP3 may also be attributable to ERK suppression via inhibition of EGFR activity by erlotinib. Therefore, substances that increase AQP3 expression may be effective for erlotinib-induced dry skin.
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Kai Y, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Kamei J, Sakai H. Role of Rac1 in augmented endothelin-1-induced bronchial contraction in airway hyperresponsive mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 141:106-110. [PMID: 31679962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been exhibited that Rac1 expression is increased in the bronchial tissue of a murine model with repeated antigen-challenged airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). In the present study, the role of Rac1 in endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced bronchial contraction and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation was examined in AHR mice. Enhanced reactions in AHR mice were prevented by the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. These findings suggest that increased activation of Rac1 might be responsible for the enhancement of the bronchial contraction induced by ET-1 in AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 1428501, Japan.
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Sakai H, Ishida T, Sato K, Mandokoro K, Yabe S, Sato F, Chiba Y, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Kamei J. Interference of Skin Scratching Attenuates Accumulation of Neutrophils in Murine Allergic Contact Dermatitis Model. Inflammation 2019; 42:2226-2235. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ikarashi N, Mizukami N, Kon R, Kaneko M, Uchino R, Fujisawa I, Fukuda N, Sakai H, Kamei J. Study of the Mechanism Underlying the Onset of Diabetic Xeroderma Focusing on an Aquaporin-3 in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153782. [PMID: 31382467 PMCID: PMC6696158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma is a frequent complication in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the onset of diabetic xeroderma, focusing on aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which plays an important role in water transport in the skin. Dermal water content in diabetic mice was significantly lower than that in control mice. The expression level of AQP3 in the skin was significantly lower in diabetic mice than in control mice. One week after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment, despite their increased blood glucose levels, mice showed no changes in the expression levels of AQP3, Bmal1, Clock, and D site-binding protein (Dbp) in the skin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine. In contrast, two weeks after STZ treatment, mice showed increases in the blood glucose level, decreases in AQP3, Bmal1, Clock, and Dbp levels, and increases in the urinary levels of 8-OHdG. The results of this study suggest that skin AQP3 expression decreases in diabetes, which may limit water transport from the vessel side to the corneum side, causing dry skin. In addition, in diabetic mice, increased oxidative stress triggered decreases in the expression levels of Bmal1 and Clock in the skin, thereby inhibiting the transcription of Aqp3 by Dbp, which resulted in decreased AQP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ryogo Uchino
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Fujisawa
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Kai Y, Motegi M, Suzuki Y, Harada Y, Takeuchi H, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Chiba Y, Kamei J, Sakai H. Increased Rac1 Activation in the Enhanced Carbachol-Induced Bronchial Smooth Muscle Contraction of Repeatedly Antigen-Challenged Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1605-1607. [PMID: 31243195 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that Rac1 upregulation is involved in augmented bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) contractions of antigen-challenged mice. However, change in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-induced Rac1 activation remains unknown in BSMs of repeatedly antigen-challenged (Chal.) mice. We here examined carbachol (CCh)-induced Rac1 activation in BSMs of Chal. mice. Gene expression levels of both Rac1 and Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as Tiam1 and Trio, were increased in BSMs of Chal. mice. Furthermore, CCh-induced Rac1 activation was inhibited by pretreatment with Rac1-GEF inhibitor NSC23766 and Rac1 inhibitor EHT1864 in BSMs of sensitized-control (S.C.) and Chal. mice. Compared with S.C. mice, CCh-induced Rac1 activation was increased in BSMs of Chal. mice. In conclusion, we reported that increased CCh-induced Rac1 activation via Tiam1 and Trio upregulation, in addition to upregulate Rac1, may be involved in increased CCh-induced BSM contractions in Chal. mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Momoko Motegi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yui Harada
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University
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Ikarashi N, Nagoya C, Kon R, Kitaoka S, Kajiwara S, Saito M, Kawabata A, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Changes in the Expression of Aquaporin-3 in the Gastrointestinal Tract Affect Drug Absorption. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071559. [PMID: 30925715 PMCID: PMC6479729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays an important role in water transport in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, we conducted a Caco-2 cell permeability assay to examine how changes in the expression and function of AQP3 affect the rate at which a drug is absorbed via passive transport in the GI tract. When the function of AQP3 was inhibited by mercuric chloride or phloretin, there was no change in warfarin permeability. In contrast, when the expression of AQP3 protein was decreased by prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) treatment, warfarin permeability increased to approximately twice the control level, and membrane fluidity increased by 15%. In addition, warfarin permeability increased to an extent comparable to that after PGE₂ treatment when cell membrane fluidity was increased by 10% via boric acid/EDTA treatment. These findings suggest the possibility that the increased drug absorption under decreased AQP3 expression was attributable to increased membrane fluidity. The results of this study demonstrate that the rate of water transport has little effect on drug absorption. However, our findings also indicate that although AQP3 and other similar transmembrane proteins do not themselves transport drugs, changes in their expression levels can cause changes in cell membrane fluidity, thus affecting drug absorption rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Chika Nagoya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Kajiwara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Masayo Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Akane Kawabata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Molecular Kinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Sakai H, Kimura M, Tsukimura Y, Yabe S, Isa Y, Kai Y, Sato F, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Narita M, Chiba Y, Kamei J. Dexamethasone exacerbates cisplatin‐induced muscle atrophy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:19-28. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Minami Kimura
- Department of Analytical PathophysiologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Tsukimura
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Saori Yabe
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yosuke Isa
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Kai
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sato
- Department of Analytical PathophysiologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular SciencesSchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular PharmacologySchool of PharmacyHoshi University Shinagawa‐ku, Tokyo Japan
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25
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Ikarashi N, Toda T, Hatakeyama Y, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Mizukami N, Kaneko M, Ogawa S, Sugiyama K. Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Acacia Polyphenol in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030700. [PMID: 29494506 PMCID: PMC5877561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that acacia polyphenol (AP) exerts strong anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-atopic dermatitis effects. In the present study, we investigated the anti-hypertensive effects of AP. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with hypertension and control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used. WKY and SHR were fed AP-containing food or AP-free food (control group) ad libitum for 4 weeks, and their blood pressures were measured. After AP administration, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the SHR group than in the control group. There were no differences in the systolic or diastolic blood pressure of WKY between the AP group and the control group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in SHR kidneys were not altered by AP administration. Blood SOD activity in SHR was significantly higher in the AP group than in the control group. AP exerts anti-hypertensive effects on hypertension but has almost no effect on normal blood pressure. The anti-hypertensive effects of AP may be related to the anti-oxidative effects of increased blood SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Hatakeyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Sosuke Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Kon R, Tsubota Y, Minami M, Kato S, Matsunaga Y, Kimura H, Murakami Y, Fujikawa T, Sakurai R, Tomimoto R, Machida Y, Ikarashi N, Sugiyama K. CPT-11-Induced Delayed Diarrhea Develops via Reduced Aquaporin-3 Expression in the Colon. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010170. [PMID: 29316651 PMCID: PMC5796119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While irinotecan (CPT-11) has a potent anti-cancer effect, it also causes serious diarrhea as an adverse reaction. In this study, we analyzed the pathogenic mechanism of CPT-11-induced delayed diarrhea by focusing on water channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) in the colon. When rats received CPT-11, the expression level of AQP3 was reduced during severe diarrhea. It was found that the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and the loss of crypt cells were increased in the colon when CPT-11 was administered. When celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory drug, was concomitantly administered, both the diarrhea and the reduced expression of AQP3 induced by CPT-11 were suppressed. The inflammation in the rat colon during diarrhea was caused via activated macrophage by CPT-11. These results showed that when CPT-11 is administered, the expression level of AQP3 in the colon is reduced, resulting in delayed diarrhea by preventing water transport from the intestinal tract. It was also suggested that the reduced expression of AQP3 might be due to the inflammation that occurs following the loss of colonic crypt cells and to the damage caused by the direct activation of macrophages by CPT-11. Therefore, it was considered that anti-inflammatory drugs that suppress the reduction of AQP3 expression could prevent CPT-11-induced delayed diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Kon
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuika Tsubota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Moe Minami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Saki Kato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yukari Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuta Murakami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryoya Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Rei Tomimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Molecular Kinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Kusunoki Y, Kido Y, Naito Y, Kon R, Mizukami N, Kaneko M, Wakui N, Machida Y, Ikarashi N. Changes in the Pharmacokinetics of Phenytoin in Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:485-491. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581817735987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, in the liver are significantly decreased in a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we investigated changes in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, a CYP2C substrate drug, in the presence of UC. Colitis was induced by feeding male mice 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) dissolved in drinking water for 10 days. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of CYP2C29 and CYP2C37 and the protein expression of CYP2C in the liver were evaluated via real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. In DSS-treated animals, both mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2C in the liver were significantly reduced relative to those in control animals (by 20%-40%). Phenytoin (30 mg/kg) was administered orally in a single dose to mice, and plasma concentrations were measured. Plasma concentrations of phenytoin were higher in the DSS-treated group than in the control group at 12, 24, and 36 hours after administration. Animals given DSS also exhibited a higher area under the plasma concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf, 315 μg·h/mL), a delayed elimination half-life ( T1/2, 8.1 hours), and a decreased body clearance (CL/F, 3.52 mL/h) compared with that of control animals (AUCinf, 215 μg·h/mL; T1/2, 3.6 h; CL/F, 5.58 mL/h). This study indicated that the presence of UC decreases CYP2C expression levels in the liver, thereby delaying the metabolism of CYP2C substrates, including phenytoin, and increasing blood concentrations of these substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yurika Kido
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Naito
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Wakui
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Ikarashi N, Ogawa S, Hirobe R, Kon R, Kusunoki Y, Yamashita M, Mizukami N, Kaneko M, Wakui N, Machida Y, Sugiyama K. Epigallocatechin gallate induces a hepatospecific decrease in the CYP3A expression level by altering intestinal flora. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 100:211-218. [PMID: 28115221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that a high-dose intake of green tea polyphenol (GP) induced a hepatospecific decrease in the expression and activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). In this study, we examined whether this decrease in CYP3A expression is induced by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is the main component of GP. After a diet containing 1.5% EGCG was given to mice, the hepatic CYP3A expression was measured. The level of intestinal bacteria of Clostridium spp., the concentration of lithocholic acid (LCA) in the feces, and the level of the translocation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) to the nucleus in the liver were examined. A decrease in the CYP3A expression level was observed beginning on the second day of the treatment with EGCG. The level of translocation of PXR to the nucleus was significantly lower in the EGCG group. The fecal level of LCA was clearly decreased by the EGCG treatment. The level of intestinal bacteria of Clostridium spp. was also decreased by the EGCG treatment. It is clear that the hepatospecific decrease in the CYP3A expression level observed after a high-dose intake of GP was caused by EGCG. Because EGCG, which is not absorbed from the intestine, causes a decrease in the level of LCA-producing bacteria in the colon, the level of LCA in the liver decreases, resulting in a decrease in the nuclear translocation of PXR, which in turn leads to the observed decrease in the expression level of CYP3A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sosuke Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Ryuta Hirobe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Marin Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Wakui
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan.
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Ochiai W, Kaneta M, Nagae M, yuzuhara A, Li X, Suzuki H, Hanagata M, Kitaoka S, Suto W, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Miyashita K, Masukawa D, Ikarashi N, Narita M, Suzuki T, Sugiyama K. Mice with neuropathic pain exhibit morphine tolerance due to a decrease in the morphine concentration in the brain. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ikarashi N, Kon R, Sugiyama K. Aquaporins in the Colon as a New Therapeutic Target in Diarrhea and Constipation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071172. [PMID: 27447626 PMCID: PMC4964543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) play important roles in the water transport system in the human body. There are currently 13 types of AQP, AQP0 through AQP12, which are expressed in various organs. Many members of the AQP family are expressed in the intestinal tract. AQP3 is predominantly expressed in the colon, ultimately controlling the water transport. Recently, it was clarified that several laxatives exhibit a laxative effect by changing the AQP3 expression level in the colon. In addition, it was revealed that morphine causes severe constipation by increasing the AQP3 expression level in the colon. These findings have shown that AQP3 is one of the most important functional molecules in water transport in the colon. This review will focus on the physiological and pathological roles of AQP3 in the colon, and discuss clinical applications of colon AQP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Ikarashi N, Ogawa S, Hirobe R, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. High-dose green tea polyphenol intake decreases CYP3A expression in a liver-specific manner with increases in blood substrate drug concentrations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 89:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ochiai W, Hirose A, Kawamura T, Komachi K, Yamamoto Y, Kitaoka S, Hatogai J, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Ikarashi N, Sugiyama K. Role of the Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme CYP during Mouse Liver Development. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:2015-2021. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Akiyo Hirose
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Taisuke Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Kyoko Komachi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Yuka Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Satoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Jo Hatogai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
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Kusunoki Y, Ikarashi N, Matsuda S, Matsukawa Y, Kitaoka S, Kon R, Tajima M, Wakui N, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugiyama K. Expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis changes with pathological conditions. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1618-26. [PMID: 25867644 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the liver were analyzed over time in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model, from the initial active stage to the remission stage, to investigate the relationship between the changes in pathological conditions and CYP expression levels. METHODS DSS solution was given to mice for 10 days, after which water without DSS was provided for 40 days. Pathological conditions and CYP expression levels were examined over time. The mechanism for variation in CYP expression was also analyzed. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of CYP (CYP3A11, CYP1A2, CYP2C29, CYP2D9, and CYP2E1) decreased as pathological conditions worsened and reached their lowest levels on day 10 of DSS treatment. Pathological conditions improved following the discontinuation of DSS, and CYP expression levels normalized by day 50. Blood lipopolysaccharide levels, the hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines, and the nuclear translocation of pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor in the liver exhibited patterns similar to the observed variations in CYP expression levels. CONCLUSION The capacity for metabolizing drugs that are substrates of CYP decreases during the active stage of ulcerative colitis but subsequently improves during the remission stage. This decrease in CYP expression was likely caused by the observed reduction in the levels of nuclearly localized pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor, and the increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines triggered by lipopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Matsukawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Tajima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Wakui
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kon R, Ikarashi N, Hayakawa A, Haga Y, Fueki A, Kusunoki Y, Tajima M, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugiyama K. Morphine-Induced Constipation Develops With Increased Aquaporin-3 Expression in the Colon via Increased Serotonin Secretion. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:337-47. [PMID: 25766885 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a water channel that is predominantly expressed in the colon, where it plays a critical role in the regulation of fecal water content. This study investigated the role of AQP3 in the colon in morphine-induced constipation. AQP3 expression levels in the colon were analyzed after oral morphine administration to rats. The degree of constipation was analyzed after the combined administration of HgCl(2) (AQP3 inhibitor) or fluoxetine (5-HT reuptake transporter [SERT] inhibitor) and morphine. The mechanism by which morphine increased AQP3 expression was examined in HT-29 cells. AQP3 expression levels in rat colon were increased during morphine-induced constipation. The combination of HgCl(2) and morphine improved morphine-induced constipation. Treatment with morphine in HT-29 cells did not change AQP3 expression. However, 5-HT treatment significantly increased the AQP3 expression level and the nuclear translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) 1 h after treatment. Pretreatment with fluoxetine significantly suppressed these increases. Fluoxetine pretreatment suppressed the development of morphine-induced constipation and the associated increase in AQP3 expression in the colon. The results suggest that morphine increases the AQP3 expression level in the colon, which promotes water absorption from the luminal side to the vascular side and causes constipation. This study also showed that morphine-induced 5-HT secreted from the colon was taken into cells by SERT and activated PPARγ, which subsequently increased AQP3 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Hayakawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Haga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aika Fueki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Tajima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan; and Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hoshino M, Ikarashi N, Hirobe R, Hayashi M, Hiraoka H, Yokobori K, Ochiai T, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Tajima M, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Effects of Menthol on the Pharmacokinetics of Triazolam and Phenytoin. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:454-60. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryuta Hirobe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University
| | - Mami Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University
| | | | | | - Takumi Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University
| | | | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University
| | | | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University
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Kon R, Ikarashi N, Nagoya C, Takayama T, Kusunoki Y, Ishii M, Ueda H, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugita K, Sugiyama K. Rheinanthrone, a metabolite of sennoside A, triggers macrophage activation to decrease aquaporin-3 expression in the colon, causing the laxative effect of rhubarb extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 152:190-200. [PMID: 24412547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is expressed in mucosal epithelial cells in the colon and is important for regulating fecal water content. We examined the role of AQP3 in the laxative effect of rhubarb extract. METHODS After orally administering rhubarb extract or its major component (sennoside A) to rats, the fecal water content, AQP3 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the colon were examined. The mechanism by which sennoside A decreases the expression of AQP3 was examined using the human colon cancer HT-29 cells and macrophage-derived Raw264.7 cells. RESULTS During diarrhea by rhubarb extract administration, the PGE2 levels in the colon increased while the AQP3 expression significantly decreased. Similar changes were also observed when sennoside A was administered. When sennoside A or its metabolites, rheinanthrone and rhein were added to Raw264.7 cells, a significant increase in the PGE2 concentration was observed only in cells treated with rheinanthrone. Fifteen minutes after adding PGE2 to the HT-29 cells, the AQP3 expression decreased to approximately 40% of the control. When pretreated with indomethacin, sennoside A neither decreased the AQP3 expression nor induced diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS Sennoside A may decrease AQP3 expression in the colon to inhibit water transport from the luminal to the vascular side, leading to a laxative effect. The decreases in the levels of AQP3 are caused by rheinanthrone, which is a metabolite of sennoside A, this metabolite activates the macrophages in the colon and increases the secretion of PGE2; PGE2 acts as a paracrine factor and decreases AQP3 expression in colon mucosal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Chika Nagoya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Harumi Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Ishii M, Toda T, Ikarashi N, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugiyama K. Total gastrectomy may result in reduced drug effectiveness due to an increase in the expression of the drug-metabolizing enzyme Cytochrome P450, in the liver. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 51:180-8. [PMID: 24095864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In patients with gastrectomy, it is possible that drug effectiveness is reduced compared to healthy subjects due to the increased of the drug-metabolizing enzyme, Cytochrome P450 (CYP). The purpose of this study is to verify this possibility. Gastrectomy model mice were prepared to evaluate the expression level of various CYPs in the liver from 2 to 24 weeks post-operation. No significant differences were observed in the protein expression levels of CYP3A, CYP1A, CYP2C, and CYP2D between the sham operation group and the gastrectomy group up to 4 weeks after the gastrectomy. On the other hand, significant increases in the protein expression levels of any CYPs were observed in the gastrectomy group compared to the sham operation group from 12 weeks after the gastrectomy onward. These increases in expression levels were maintained until 24 weeks after the gastrectomy. The examination of metabolic activity in the liver in the gastrectomy group using triazolam revealed that the metabolic activity at 12 weeks after the gastrectomy was significantly increased in the gastrectomy group. The administration of the anticancer drug imatinib, which is a substrate of CYP3A, to mice at 12weeks after gastrectomy resulted in an increase in the metabolic rate, suggesting a possible decrease in drug effectiveness. It has been revealed that drug effectiveness may be reduced after gastrectomy because the expression levels of various CYPs in the liver were increased over a prolonged period. The results of this study can serve as valuable fundamental knowledge for drug therapy in patients with gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishii
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Japan
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Kusunoki Y, Ikarashi N, Hayakawa Y, Ishii M, Kon R, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugiyama K. Hepatic early inflammation induces downregulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 expression and metabolic activity in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 54:17-27. [PMID: 24413062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients may have increased concentrations of drugs in their blood. We hypothesized that this response is mainly due to a decrease in the expression and activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 (CYP), in the liver. In this study, we have tried to demonstrate the hypothesis. UC was induced in mice by treatment with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) solution. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP, inflammatory cytokine levels, and the metabolic activity of CYP3A in the liver were measured. The nuclear translocations of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) were analyzed. The levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines increased in the DSS-treated group. The hepatic mRNA and protein expression of CYP (CYP1A, CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2E, and CYP3A) and the CYP3A metabolic activity significantly decreased compared to the control group. Hepatic NF-κB nuclear translocation significantly increased in the DSS-treated group. In contrast, the nuclear translocations of PXR and CAR were decreased. Lipopolysaccharides from inflammatory sites in the colon induce hepatic inflammation in DSS-induced murine colitis. This inflammation then causes an increase in the nuclear translocation of hepatic NF-κB and a decrease in the nuclear translocation of PXR and CAR, resulting in the decreased expression and activities of CYP. The results of this study indicated that at the onset of UC, the decreased activity of hepatic CYP causes an increase in the concentrations of drugs in the blood, leading to an increase in the incidence of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayakawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Machida
- Division of Applied Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Ishii M, Toda T, Ikarashi N, Kusunoki Y, Kon R, Ochiai W, Machida Y, Sugiyama K. Gastrectomy increases the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A by increasing lithocholic acid-producing enteric bacteria in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 37:298-305. [PMID: 24270587 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We had previously revealed that drug metabolism, as well as the expression level of hepatic CYP3A, a drug-metabolizing enzyme, increase 12 weeks after gastrectomy in mice. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of the increased CYP3A expression. The levels of lithocholic acid (LCA)-producing bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) and LCA in the colon did not show a significant increase up to 4 weeks after gastrectomy compared to the sham operation group. In contrast, at 12 and 24 weeks post-gastrectomy, the levels of Bacteroides fragilis and LCA were significantly higher in the gastrectomy group than in the sham operation group. At 12 and 24 weeks after gastrectomy, the hepatic nuclear translocation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) had also increased. The hepatic CYP3A11 mRNA expression and nuclear translocation of PXR after intraperitoneal administration of LCA to normal mice was significantly higher than those of the control group. The intraperitoneal administration of taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), a taurine conjugate of LCA, caused no change in the expression level of CYP3A11. We suggest that the increase in the expression level of CYP3A after gastrectomy is caused by an increase in the nuclear translocation of PXR, which is triggered by an increase in LCA-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishii
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University
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Ikarashi N, Ogiue N, Toyoda E, Nakamura M, Kon R, Kusunoki Y, Aburada T, Ishii M, Tanaka Y, Machida Y, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Elucidating the mechanism by which Gypsum fibrosum, a traditional Chinese medicine, maintains cutaneous water content. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:1615-21. [PMID: 23912684 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays an important role in maintaining the normal water content of the skin. Previously, we revealed that the expression of cutaneous AQP3 increased following oral administration of Gypsum fibrosum (main component: CaSO₄) to mice. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which Gypsum fibrosum increases the expression of cutaneous AQP3 in a keratinocyte cell line. Gypsum fibrosum or CaSO₄ was added to keratinocytes, and the expression level of AQP3, the Ca concentration, the activity of protein kinase C (PKC), and the degrees of phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were measured. The mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP3 increased significantly 6 h-post addition of Gypsum fibrosum. In keratinocytes treated with Gypsum fibrosum, increases in the concentration of intracellular Ca, PKC activity, and the phosphorylation of ERK and CREB were observed. Pre-treatment with GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor, suppressed the mRNA expression levels of AQP3. Similarly to treatment with Gypsum fibrosum, the addition of CaSO₄ led to the same observations in keratinocytes. It is hypothesized that Gypsum fibrosum causes an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration, PKC activity, and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and CREB, resulting in increased AQP3 expression in keratinocytes. In addition, it is possible that the effect of Gypsum fibrosum is attributable to CaSO₄, based on the results demonstrating that the mechanisms of action of Gypsum fibrosum and CaSO₄ were nearly identical.
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Ikarashi N, Kon R, Iizasa T, Suzuki N, Hiruma R, Suenaga K, Toda T, Ishii M, Hoshino M, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Inhibition of aquaporin-3 water channel in the colon induces diarrhea. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:957-62. [PMID: 22687538 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) 3, which is predominantly expressed in the colon, is considered to play an important role in regulating the fecal water content in the colon. In this study, the role of AQP3 in the colon was examined using HgCl(2) and CuSO(4), which are known to inhibit AQP3 function. The fecal water content was measured up to 1 h after the rectal administration of HgCl(2) or CuSO(4) to rats. The results showed that the fecal water content in the HgCl(2) administration group increased significantly to approximately 4 times that in the control group, and severe diarrhea was observed. However, no changes were observed in the mRNA expression level of the osmoregulatory genes (sodium myo-inositol transporter and taurine transporter) and the level and distribution of AQP3 protein expression, as determined 1 h after the administration of HgCl(2). Comparable results were observed in the CuSO(4) administration group. The results of this study indicated that the inhibition of AQP3 function in the colon caused diarrhea. Therefore, it has been revealed that the fecal water content in the colon is controlled by the transport of water from the luminal side to the vascular side, which is mediated by AQP3. Our findings suggest that a drug that modulates the function or expression of AQP3 in the colon may represent a new target for the development of laxatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ikarashi N, Ogiue N, Toyoda E, Kon R, Ishii M, Toda T, Aburada T, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Gypsum fibrosum and its major component CaSO4 increase cutaneous aquaporin-3 expression levels. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:409-413. [PMID: 22138657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We have previously reported that Byakkokaninjinto improves cutaneous pruritus by increasing the expression level of aquaporin-3 (AQP3). In this study, we examined the effect of Gypsum fibrosum (main component: CaSO(4)), which is the main component of Byakkokaninjinto, on the cutaneous AQP3 expression level. MATERIALS AND METHODS KKAy mice were given a diet containing 0.3% Gypsum fibrosum extract, or a diet containing 0.3% CaSO(4) for 4 weeks. The urine volume, plasma glucose levels, cutaneous AQP3 protein expression, and the Ca(2+) content were measured. RESULTS The 24-h urine volumes and the plasma glucose levels in the Gypsum fibrosum extract group were not significantly different from those in the control group. In the Gypsum fibrosum extract group, the cutaneous AQP3 protein levels increased significantly, by approximately 3.2-fold, compared to the control group. The cutaneous Ca(2+) content in the control group was approximately 35μg/g. In the Gypsum fibrosum extract group, the Ca(2+) content increased to approximately 51μg/g, which was significant compared to the control group. In the CaSO(4) group, an increase in the AQP3 protein expression levels and Ca(2+) content were observed; the extent of these increases were similar to those in the Gypsum fibrosum extract group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that Gypsum fibrosum plays an important role in the increased levels of cutaneous AQP3 expression enhanced by Byakkokaninjinto. The results also indicate that the increase in AQP3 caused by Gypsum fibrosum is attributable to an increase in the cutaneous Ca(2+) content from its main component, CaSO(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ikarashi N, Mimura A, Kon R, Iizasa T, Omodaka M, Nagoya C, Ishii M, Toda T, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. The concomitant use of an osmotic laxative, magnesium sulphate, and a stimulant laxative, bisacodyl, does not enhance the laxative effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 45:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ikarashi N, Baba K, Ushiki T, Kon R, Mimura A, Toda T, Ishii M, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. The laxative effect of bisacodyl is attributable to decreased aquaporin-3 expression in the colon induced by increased PGE2 secretion from macrophages. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G887-95. [PMID: 21868635 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00286.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of aquaporin3 (AQP3) in the colon in the laxative effect of bisacodyl. After oral administration of bisacodyl to rats, AQP3, macrophages, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) were examined in the colon. The mechanism by which bisacodyl decreases the expression of AQP3 was examined using HT-29 and Raw264.7 cells. When diarrhea occurred, a significant increase in the expression of PGE(2) and a decrease in AQP3 expression were observed. Immunostaining showed COX2 expression only in macrophages. The PGE(2) concentration increased significantly 30 min after the addition of bisacodyl to Raw264.7 cells. Thirty minutes after PGE(2) addition to HT-29 cells, the AQP3 expression level decreased to 40% of the control. When pretreated with indomethacin, bisacodyl did not induce an increase in the colon PGE(2) level, a decrease in the AQP3 expression level, or diarrhea. The results suggest that bisacodyl may decrease the expression of AQP3 in the colon, which inhibits water transfer from the luminal to the vascular side and leads to a laxative effect. This study also showed that direct activation of colon macrophages by bisacodyl increases the secretion of PGE(2), which acts as a paracrine factor and decreases AQP3 expression in colon mucosal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
We have confirmed that more female subjects than male subjects evaluate male body odor as significantly unpleasant. Through an investigation on sexual differentiation in sensitivity to male body odor, we concluded that one of the volatile steroids, androstenone, had two effects on female olfactory sense. First, female subjects perceived androstenone itself to be more unpleasant than male subjects. Second, for only female subjects, androstenone, at a concentration of one-tenth of detection threshold, enhanced the intensity and unpleasantness of body-odor constituents such as short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokunaga
- Beauty-Care Research Laboratories, Lion Corporation,Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035 Japan.
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Abstract
It is well known that a simple first-order difference equation can exhibit complex population dynamics, such as sustained oscillations and chaos. An interesting problem is whether such oscillatory dynamics are expected to occur in real populations. This paper assumes that the resident system is composed of 1-host and 1-parasitoid and that only the host is allowed to evolve, but not the parasitoid. Based on the invasibility of a host to host-parasitoid systems, we investigate the dynamics of the host-parasitoid system favored by natural selection. We consider two cases. In the first case, the host's evolution involving both the intrinsic growth rate and the sensitivity to density is considered. In the second case, the host's evolution involving both the intrinsic growth rate and the vulnerability to the parasitoid is considered. In both cases, we see that the dynamics with a stable equilibrium will not be favored by natural selection without the trade-off between the host's traits which are allowed to evolve. The host-parasitoid system with a stable equilibrium will be eventually invaded by a host type that develops an unstable equilibrium with the parasitoid. If there is a trade-off between the host's traits which are allowed to evolve, a host-parasitoid system with a stable equilibrium can be favored by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kon
- Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Japan.
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Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of dimensional changes in alginate impression in solutions, the relationship between the ion concentrations in three types of solutions (nonelectrolyte and monovalent and divalent metallic salts) and change in gel volume was examined. The gel in the monovalent metallic salt solution expanded and a decrease in monovalent cation and an increase in Ca2+ were observed. This suggests that the crosslinking density of the gel reduced due to dissociation of Ca2+ from the calcium alginate gel. In divalent metallic salt solutions, the shrinkage occurred according to crosslinking of unreacted residue. In the nonelectrolytic solution, gel, neither ethylene glycol nor acetonitrile showed any volume changes, while that in glutaraldehyde contracted. It is speculated that the former two solutions were affected by the fact that the gel has no semipermeability, and that the latter result was due to chemical interaction between the gel and solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saitoh
- Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, 1-3-27, Chuo-dori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
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Abstract
As a part of our studies on the metabolism of active components from traditional Chinese medicines, paeonol was orally administered to rats. The urinary metabolites were analyzed by 3D HPLC, and their structures were determined to be 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone-5-O-sulfate (P1), resacetophenone-2-O-sulfate (P2), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone-5-O-sulfate (P3), paeonol-2-O-sulfate(P4), resacetophenone (P5), and unchanged paeonol, on the basis of their chemical and spectral data. Among these metabolites, P2-P4 and paeonol were detected in the plasma after the oral administration of paeonol. Furthermore, the bile of rats given paeonol orally was found to contain P3, suggesting the enterohepatic circulation of paeonol.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yasuda
- Department of Phytochemistry, Tohoku College of Pharmacy, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
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Kon R, Nakamura A, Takeuchi K. Artificially damaged hairs: preparation and application for the study of preventive ingredients. Int J Cosmet Sci 1998; 20:369-80. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.1998.177060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kumagai H, Kon R, Hoshino T, Aramaki T, Nishikawa M, Hirose S, Igarashi K. Purification and properties of a decapping enzyme from rat liver cytosol. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1119:45-51. [PMID: 1540634 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A decapping enzyme has been purified about 2400-fold from rat liver cytosol. The decapping enzyme was shown to be fairly homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 110,000 and consisted of two equal subunits. The enzyme hydrolyzed m7Guo5'PPP5'Ado to m7GMP and ADP. Analysis of the products produced from radioactively capped oligonucleotides and intact mRNA having 3H-cap suggests that the enzyme can hydrolyze capped mono- to pentanucleotides (m7Guo5'PPP5'N (where N = 1-5 nucleotides)) but not intact mRNA. The existence of methyl group at the N7 position of guanosine moiety of cap structure was necessary for the action of the decapping enzyme. This was confirmed by the comparison of the rates of hydrolysis of m7Guo5'PPP5'Ado by the enzyme in the presence of various nucleotides. The activity of enzyme was slightly stimulated by Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+ and polyamines. Mg2+ and Mn2+ were without effect on the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kumagai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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