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Topic: AS04-MDS Biology and Pathogenesis/AS04i-Microenvironment and stem cell niche. Leuk Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106680.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The transfer of unsterilized material from Mars to Phobos: Laboratory tests, modelling and statistical evaluation. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2019; 23:112-134. [PMID: 31791600 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sample return missions to Phobos are the subject of future exploration plans. Given the proximity of Phobos to Mars, Mars' potential to have supported life, and the possibility of material transfer from Mars to Phobos, careful consideration of planetary protection is required. If life exists, or ever existed, on Mars, there is a possibility that material carrying organisms could be present on Phobos and be collected by a sample return mission such as the Japanese Martian Moons eXplorer (MMX). Here we describe laboratory experiments, theoretical modelling and statistical analysis undertaken to quantify whether the likelihood of a sample from Phobos material containing unsterilized material transferred from Mars is less than 10-6, the threshold to transition between restricted and unrestricted sample return classification for planetary protection. We have created heat, impact and radiation sterilization models based on the Phobos environment, and through statistical analyses investigated the level of sterilization expected for martian material transferred to Phobos. These analyses indicate that radiation is the major sterilization factor, sterilizing the Phobos surface over timescales of millions of years. The specific events of most relevance in the Phobos sample return context are the 'young' cratering events on Mars that result in Zunil-sized craters, which can emplace a large mass of martian material on Phobos, in a short period of time, thus inhibiting the effects of radiation sterilization. Major unknowns that cannot yet be constrained accurately enough are found to drive the results - the most critical being the determination of exact crater ages to statistical certainty, and the initial biological loading on Mars prior to transfer. We find that, when taking a conservative perspective and assuming the best-case scenario for organism survival, for a 100 g sample of the Phobos regolith to be below the planetary protection requirement for unrestricted sample return, the initial biological loading on Mars must be <8.2 × 103cfu kg-1. For the planned MMX mission, a ∼10 g sample to be obtained from a 25-30 mm diameter core as planned would require an initial martian biological loading to be <1.6 × 104cfu kg-1, in order to remain compliant with the planetary protection threshold.
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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae dispersal from sinks is linked to drain position and drainage rates in a laboratory model system. J Hosp Infect 2018; 102:63-69. [PMID: 30571992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital sinks, waste traps and drains can harbour carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). AIM To investigate the dispersal of CRE from sinks in which water delivered from the tap flows directly into the drain and from clinical handwash basins with the drain at the rear. The effect of fast and slow drainage rates was also assessed. METHODS Waste traps, known to be colonized with CRE, were taken from a hospital and installed within a model laboratory system. New waste traps were also installed and artificially inoculated with CRE. The potential for bacteria to be dispersed from sinks was assessed using cyclone air samplers and/or settle plates. FINDINGS When the waste traps were artificially contaminated and CRE colonization was confined to the waste trap water, significantly fewer bacteria were dispersed from sinks that drained quickly (P = 0.004) and/or from rear-draining sinks (P = 0.002). When the waste traps were naturally contaminated and CRE colonized the trap, pipework and drain, there was significant interaction between sink drainage and position of the drain (P < 0.001). When drainage was slow, dispersal from rear-draining sinks was almost 30-fold less than from sinks with the drain underneath the tap (P < 0.001). When drainage was fast, rear-draining sinks again released comparatively fewer CRE, although, in this case, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.7). Contaminated splashes travelled up to 1 m from the sink. CONCLUSION Slow drainage rates and sink designs with the drain directly underneath the tap increase the risk of CRE present in waste traps and drains contaminating the ward environment.
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Sampling and inactivation of wet disseminated spores from flooring materials, using commercially available robotic vacuum cleaners. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1030-1039. [PMID: 29742310 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Four commercially available robotic vacuum cleaners were assessed for sampling efficiency of wet disseminated Bacillus atrophaeus spores on carpet, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and laminate flooring. Furthermore, their operability was evaluated and decontamination efficiency of one robot was assessed, using a sodium hypochlorite solution. METHODS AND RESULTS In an environmental chamber, robots self-navigated around 4 m2 of flooring containing a single contaminated 0·25 m2 tile (c. 104 spores per cm2 ). Contamination levels at predetermined locations were assessed by macrofoam swabs (PVC and laminate) or water soluble tape (carpet), before and after sampling. Robots were dismantled postsampling and spore recoveries assessed. Aerosol contamination was also measured during sampling. Robot sampling efficiencies were variable, however, robots recovered most spores from laminate (up to 17·1%), then PVC and lastly the carpet. All robots spread contamination from the 'hotspot' (all robots spread <0·6% of the contamination to other areas) and became surface contaminated. Spores were detected at low levels during air sampling (<5·6 spores per litre). Liquid decontamination inactivated 99·1% of spores from PVC. CONCLUSIONS Robotic vacuum cleaners show promise for both sampling and initial decontamination of indoor flooring. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In the event of a bioterror incident, e.g. deliberate release of Bacillus anthracis spores, areas require sampling to determine the magnitude and extent of contamination, and to establish decontamination efficacy. In this study, we investigate robotic sampling methods against high concentrations of bacterial spores applied by wet deposition to different floorings, contamination spread to other areas, potential transfer of spores to the operators and assessment of a wet vacuum robot for spore inactivation. The robots' usability was evaluated and how they can be employed in real life scenarios. This will help to reduce the economic cost of sampling and the risk to sampling/decontamination teams.
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Development of a sporicidal test method for Clostridium difficile. J Hosp Infect 2015; 89:2-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cardiac magnetic resonance, transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography: a comparison of in vivo assessment of ventricular function in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47:291-300. [PMID: 23836849 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213494373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In vivo assessment of ventricular function in rodents has largely been restricted to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). However 1.5 T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) have emerged as possible alternatives. Yet, to date, no study has systematically assessed these three imaging modalities in determining ejection fraction (EF) in rats. Twenty rats underwent imaging four weeks after surgically-induced myocardial infarction. CMR was performed on a 1.5 T scanner, TTE was conducted using a 9.2 MHz transducer and TOE was performed with a 10 MHz intracardiac echo catheter. Correlation between the three techniques for EF determination and analysis reproducibility was assessed. Moderate-strong correlation was observed between the three modalities; the greatest between CMR and TOE (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.89), followed by TOE and TTE (ICC = 0.70) and CMR and TTE (ICC = 0.63). Intra- and inter-observer variations were excellent with CMR (ICC = 0.99 and 0.98 respectively), very good with TTE (0.90 and 0.89) and TOE (0.87 and 0.84). Each modality is a viable option for evaluating ventricular function in rats, however the high image quality and excellent reproducibility of CMR offers distinct advantages even at 1.5 T with conventional coils and software.
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Sequential Mesenchymal Stem Cell Interventions Produce Greater Myocardial Repair than Solitary Treatment in Rats After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Transthoracic and Transoesophageal Echocardiography: A Comparison of In Vivo Ventricular Function Assessment in Rats. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Enrichment for STRO-1 expression enhances the cardiovascular paracrine activity of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cell populations. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:530-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Caring for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients in acute care institutions in the greater Toronto area. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2008; 34:1-17. [PMID: 19374001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Multipotential human adipose-derived stromal stem cells exhibit a perivascular phenotype in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:413-21. [PMID: 17654479 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem-like cells identified in different tissues reside in a perivascular niche. In the present study, we investigated the putative niche of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) using markers, associated with mesenchymal and perivascular cells, including STRO-1, CD146, and 3G5. Immunofluorescence staining of human adipose tissue sections, revealed that STRO-1 and 3G5 co-localized with CD146 to the perivascular regions of blood vessels. FACS was used to determine the capacity of the CD146, 3G5, and STRO-1 specific monoclonal antibodies to isolate clonogenic ASCs from disassociated human adipose tissue. Clonogenic fibroblastic colonies (CFU-F) were found to be enriched in those cell fractions selected with either STRO-1, CD146, or 3G5. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cultured ASCs exhibited similar phenotypic profiles in relation to their expression of cell surface markers associated with stromal cells (CD44, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD146, CD166, STRO-1, alkaline phosphatase), endothelial cells (CD31, CD105, CD106, CD146, CD166), haematopoietic cells (CD14, CD31, CD45), and perivascular cells (3G5, STRO-1, CD146). The immunoselected ASCs populations maintained their characteristic multipotential properties as shown by their capacity to form Alizarin Red positive mineralized deposits, Oil Red O positive lipid droplets, and Alcian Blue positive proteoglycan-rich matrix in vitro. Furthermore, ASCs cultures established from either STRO-1, 3G5, or CD146 selected cell populations, were all capable of forming ectopic bone when transplanted subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice. The findings presented here, describe a multipotential stem cell population within adult human adipose tissue, which appear to be intimately associated with perivascular cells surrounding the blood vessels.
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Incidence and risk factors for newly acquired hepatitis C virus infection among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal Canadians in six regions, 1999-2004. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:167-74. [PMID: 17308895 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence and recent patterns of transmission within Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians. Cases of newly acquired HCV infection (in patients > or =15 years) reported to the Enhanced Hepatitis Strain Surveillance System from six jurisdictions in Canada were analyzed. Information on demographic and clinical characteristics as well as risk factors for HCV infection was collected using standardized questionnaires. Univariate analysis showed Aboriginal patients to be significantly more likely than non-Aboriginal patients to report injection drug use (77.1% vs. 64.0%; p < 0.05), to be female (54.6% vs. 37.6%; p < 0.05), to report high-risk sexual behaviors (48.6% vs. 34.1%, p < 0.05), and to report drug snorting (45.7% vs. 32.7%, p < 0.05). The median age of Aboriginal patients was significantly younger than that of non-Aboriginal patients (31 years [range, 15-71] vs. 34 years [range, 15-81]; p < 0.05). The overall incidence of HCV infection per 100,000 people aged 15 years and older was 18.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.5-23.1) in Aboriginal people and 2.8 (95%CI 2.6-3.1) in non-Aboriginal people. Poisson regression analysis revealed that Aboriginal Canadians were more likely than non-Aboriginal Canadians to develop acute hepatitis C (adjusted rate ratio 5.8, 95%CI 4.7-7.3). An appropriate and effective public health strategy that includes planned and implemented prevention programs in partnership with the Aboriginal community is needed.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver transplantation is an important health care issue for Canadians. Very few studies have assessed survival and determinants of survival in liver transplant patients in Canada. METHODS We carried out an epidemiological analysis of 1 year survival and determinants of 1 year survival in liver transplant patients, using Canadian Organ Replacement Registry data (1997-2002). Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to evaluate hazard ratios with different age groups, gender, ethnicity, blood groups, donor type, pretransplantation medical status, and HBV infection status. RESULTS A total of 1164 liver transplant patients were included in the analysis. One-year survival rate was 84.7%. Male recipients had a 21% higher risk of developing organ failure than females. Recipients over 60 years of age had a 5% lower survival probability in comparison with recipients below 20 years of age. Pacific Islanders and Aboriginals had 32% and 9% lower survival probabilities, respectively, in comparison with Caucasians. Type B blood recipients had a 12% higher survival probability, whereas type AB blood recipients had a 7% lower survival probability compared with type O blood recipients. Twenty-six live organ recipients had 40% higher survival probabilities than 1138 cadaveric organ recipients. Patients with fulminant hepatitis (status 3F) had the highest survival, while patients with fulminant failure in ICU with intubation/ventilation (status 4F) had the lowest survival. One hundred sixty-seven recipients with positive HBsAg antigen showed 10% lower survival probability than 997 cases with negative HBsAg antigen. CONCLUSION In Canada, the first year survival rate is about 85%, which is comparable with other industrialized countries. Type of donor organs and recipient gender, ethnicity, ABO blood group, pretransplantation medical status, and HBV infection status had significant affects on the recipient survival.
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Effects of combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide and shaker stress on acoustic startle response, pre-pulse inhibition and open field behavior in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2007; 27:276-83. [PMID: 17265421 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of combined exposure of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and chronic shaker stress on acoustic startle responses (ASR), pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) and open field behavior of adult C57BL/6J mice. PB (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 7 days) or saline was administered subcutaneously using osmotic Alzet minipumps implanted under the skin on the back of the mice. At the same time, the mice were exposed to 7 days of intermittent shaker stress. They were tested for ASR (100 dB and 120 dB stimuli) and PPI (70 dB + 100 dB and 70 dB + 120 dB) in the acoustic startle monitor system. The mice were assessed during the shaker stress on days 2 and 7 and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after discontinuation of treatment. Separate groups of mice were tested in the open field in 15 min sessions on days 1, 3 and 6 during shaker stress and PB treatment. Exposure of mice to PB resulted in an exaggerated ASR, reduced PPI and non-significant decrease in locomotor activity. These behavioral changes were apparent only during exposure to PB. Repeated shaker stress did not have any effect on sensorimotor functions or open field behavior of mice. There was no prolonged or delayed effect of PB and/or stress on individual behavioral variables. The study found C57BL/6J mice to be behaviorally sensitive to PB treatment.
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Enhanced surveillance for childhood hepatitis B virus infection in Canada, 1999-2003. Int J Med Sci 2005; 2:143-6. [PMID: 16239952 PMCID: PMC1252726 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can have serious sequelae, especially if infection occurs during childhood, there is a continuing need to examine its epidemiology so as to inform control measures. We analyzed trends in disease incidence and patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in both Canadian-born and non-Canadian-born children from 1999 to 2003, through the Enhanced Hepatitis Strain Surveillance System. Amongst Canadian-born children, the incidence of newly identified HBV infection per 100,000 declined significantly during the study period from 1.4 in 1999, to 0.5 in 2003 (RR, 0.75 per year; 95% CI, 0.60-0.95). Amongst non-Canadian-born children, the incidence of HBV infection per 100,000 ranged from 9.4 to 16.3, during the study period (linear trend test, p=0.69). Poisson regression analysis revealed that non-Canadian-born children were more likely to have HBV infection (RR, 12.3; 95% CI, 7.6 to 19.8), than Canadian-born children. HBV infection was found to be more common among children emigrating from high endemic area, than among Canadian-born children. Current Canadian immunization policy should take into consideration the protection of all children against HBV infection, including those coming from countries where mass hepatitis B vaccination programs have still not been launched.
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Update-surveillance of health care workers exposed to blood, body fluids and bloodborne pathogens in Canadian hospital settings: 1 April, 2000, to 31 March, 2002. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2003; 29:209-13. [PMID: 14699810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Update. Surveillance of healthcare workers exposed to blood/body fluids and bloodborne pathogens: 1 April, 2000 to 31 March, 2001. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2001; 27:201-9, 212. [PMID: 11775559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Reuse of single-use medical devices in Canadian acute-care healthcare facilities, 2001. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2001; 27:193-9. [PMID: 11763698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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The evolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian hospitals: 5 years of national surveillance. CMAJ 2001; 165:21-6. [PMID: 11468949 PMCID: PMC81239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To better understand the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Canadian hospitals, surveillance has been conducted in sentinel hospitals across the country since 1995. We report the results of the first 5 years of the program. METHODS For each newly identified inpatient with MRSA, medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical data. Isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS A total of 4507 patients infected or colonized with MRSA were identified between January 1995 and December 1999. The rate of MRSA increased each year from a mean of 0.95 per 100 S. aureus isolates in 1995 to 5.97 per 100 isolates in 1999 (0.46 per 1000 admissions in 1995 to 4.12 per 1000 admissions in 1999) (p < 0.05). Most of the increase in MRSA occurred in Ontario, Quebec and the western provinces. Of the 3009 cases for which the site of MRSA acquisition could be determined, 86% were acquired in a hospital, 8% were acquired in a long-term care facility and 6% were acquired in the community. A total of 1603 patients (36%) were infected with MRSA. The most common sites of infection were skin or soft tissue (25% of MRSA infections), pulmonary tissues (24%) and surgical sites (23%); 13% of the patients were bacteremic. An epidemiologic link with a previously identified MRSA patient was suspected in 53% of the cases. Molecular typing indicated that most (81%) of the isolates could be classified as related to 1 of the 4 Canadian epidemic strains of MRSA. INTERPRETATION There has been a significant increase in the rate of isolating MRSA in many Canadian hospitals, related to the transmission of a relatively small number of MRSA strains.
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Development of minimum criteria for the initiation of antibiotics in residents of long-term-care facilities: results of a consensus conference. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:120-4. [PMID: 11232875 DOI: 10.1086/501875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Establishing a clinical diagnosis of infection in residents of long-term-care facilities (LTCFs) is difficult. As a result, deciding when to initiate antibiotics can be particularly challenging. This article describes the establishment of minimum criteria for the initiation of antibiotics in residents of LTCFs. Experts in this area were invited to participate in a consensus conference. Using a modified delphi approach, a questionnaire and selected relevant articles were sent to participants who were asked to rank individual signs and symptoms with respect to their relative importance. Using the results of the weighting by participants, a modification of the nominal group process was used to achieve consensus. Criteria for initiating antibiotics for skin and soft-tissue infections, respiratory infections, urinary infections, and fever where the focus of infection is unknown were developed.
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"Doctor, I'm having a heart attack. What should I do?". THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE 1999; 5:1466, 1469-70. [PMID: 10662421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Identification of a cell surface protein with a role in stimulating human keratinocyte proliferation, expressed during development and carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109:194-9. [PMID: 9242507 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12319332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to define cell surface molecules with an important role in the development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), we generated monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to a human keratinocyte cell line (FEP18-11-T1) capable of giving rise to SCCs in nude mice. MoAb 10G7 was selected for further study because it bound to a cell surface component preferentially expressed by this cell line as compared with normal human foreskin keratinocytes. This MoAb recognizes a cell surface protein (10G7 antigen) that is not detectable on normal keratinocytes in the foreskin in vivo, but whose expression is induced when the keratinocytes are dissociated from this tissue and placed in culture. Interestingly, the 10G7 antigen is downregulated upon keratinocyte differentiation in vitro. Consistent with its expression in hyper-proliferative epithelia in vitro, 10G7 antigen exhibited a classic oncofetal pattern of expression in vivo. Thus, although no reactivity was obtained with MoAb 10G7 in the epithelia of normal foreskin or cervical tissue, strong reactivity was detected in epithelia from genital lesions ranging from benign warts to invasive SCCs. Epidermis from developing fetal tissue also exhibited strong reactivity with MoAb 10G7. We have been able to demonstrate that this MoAb is capable of stimulating FEP18-11-T1 keratinocyte proliferation in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner in the absence of growth factors, suggesting that the 10G7 antigen may play an important role in regulating cellular proliferation during development and in carcinogenesis in epithelial tissues.
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The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program: results of the first 18 months of surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Canadian hospitals. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 1997; 23:41-5. [PMID: 9094792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Low-osmolar-dye intravenous delivery systems. CMAJ 1995; 152:213. [PMID: 7820805 PMCID: PMC1337578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Abstract
A 4-month-old boy had a faint, confluent, macular erythema involving the forehead, nose, and philtrum, and matlike telangiectases over the forehead and eyelids. The clinical features, course, and laboratory studies were characteristic of neonatal lupus erythematosus. He was otherwise healthy and the product of a preterm twin pregnancy complicated by the development of maternal HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome. The patient had elevated Ro(SSA) and La(SSB) antibody titers, and studies performed on maternal blood disclosed positive antinuclear antibodies and elevated Ro and La antibody titers.
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Salmonella and Shigella gastroenteritis at a public teaching hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991; 12:710-7. [PMID: 1813577 DOI: 10.1086/646278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the proportion of nosocomial diarrhea cases associated with Salmonella and Shigella species. DESIGN Prospective 6-month survey. SETTING Tertiary care center in a developing country. PATIENTS Pediatric and adult patients admitted with the previous 24 hours and all consenting adult or pediatric medical patients with nosocomial diarrhea. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species isolated from rectal swabs at admission and among subjects with nosocomial diarrhea. RESULTS Salmonella species and Shigella species were isolated from 3.0% and 2.5%, respectively, of 667 patients screened on admission. All admission Salmonella isolates were identified in children under 13 years of age; Shigella prevalence was similar for children and adults. Children with Salmonella at admission were significantly older and more likely to have diarrhea, fever, and some indicators of malnutrition than those from whom Salmonella was not isolated. Salmonella and Shigella were isolated from rectal cultures in 36 (10%) and 9 (2.5%) of 360 nosocomial gastroenteritis cases, respectively. Nosocomial cases occurred equally in adults and children. In adults, nosocomial Salmonella acquisition was associated with sharing a room with a diarrhea patient and previous institutionalization. In children, it was associated with recent antimicrobial therapy, crowding at home, and age between 6 months and 6 years. Nine (41%) of 22 nosocomial Salmonella cases in adults occurred in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, while none of 79 HIV-1-positive patients had Salmonella isolated at admission. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella is a frequent cause of nosocomial gastroenteritis in this tertiary care institution in a developing country. Risk factors appear to differ for children and adults, and HIV-1-infected subjects may be at increased risk of acquisition. Control measures feasible for the limited resources available to such institutions require evaluation.
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Salmonella and Shigella Gastroenteritis at a Public Teaching Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991. [DOI: 10.2307/30146950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Medical studies in aviation: VII. Effects of low oxygen pressure on the personality of the aviator. 1918. AVIATION, SPACE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 1989; 60:1225-6. [PMID: 2690810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Twelve patients with chronic renal failure and osteitis fibrosa were treated for periods of 1-9 months with thrice-weekly injections of 10-200 iu salmon calcitonin. Treatment had no significant effects on symptoms of bone disease and side effects were common. A transient fall in plasma alkaline phosphatase levels occurred in only three patients, and both plasma alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline levels rose in the majority of patients. Radiographic signs of hyperparathyroidism increased in seven of the nine patients treated for longer than 3 months. Paired bone biopsy specimens in nine patients showed significant increases in osteoblast counts, but no changes in the indices of resorption. These treatment-induced changes were reversed when treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was substituted for calcitonin. The use of this regimen of salmon calcitonin is not recommended in the long-term management of hyperparathyroid bone disease in chronic renal failure.
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Responses to salmon calcitonin in chronic renal failure: relation to histological and biochemical indices of bone turnover. Eur J Clin Invest 1981; 11:177-84. [PMID: 6791936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1981.tb01838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one patients with chronic renal failure and bone disease or hypercalcaemia were studied before and following single (twenty patients) or repeated (fourteen patients) intravenous injection of synthetic salmon calcitonin. Significant correlations were noted before treatment between bone surfaces occupied by osteoblasts or osteoclasts and plasma levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline. Following a single injection of 2--200 i.u. salmon calcitonin, plasma levels of calcium and phosphate fell for 6--8 h, but rose subsequently to pre-injection levels at 24 h. The magnitude and duration of the hypocalcaemic response was not clearly dose-dependent, but correlated with measured indices of bone cell activity. Repeated administration of calcitonin (10--200 i.u. thrice weekly for up to 2 months) lowered plasma calcium in the majority of patients and restored plasma calcium to normal in four previously hypercalcaemic patients. Mean levels of alkaline phosphatase increased but no significant changes in plasma phosphate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, or hydroxyproline occurred. Calcium absorption (six studies) did not change during treatment. We conclude that synthetic salmon calcitonin is an effective short-term inhibitor of bone resorption in patients with chronic renal failure. Its use as a possible treatment for hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroid bone disease in chronic renal failure is discussed.
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Short dialysis regimens. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1979; 1:1279-80. [PMID: 455023 PMCID: PMC1598991 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6173.1279-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Through the technique of Goodman's log linear method, longitudinal data are analyzed to clarify the relationship between depressive mood and illicit drug use among youths. A representative sample of adolescents (N = 8206) from New York State secondary schools was followed over one academic year. At one point in time, users of illicit drugs other than marihuana (multiple drug users) were significantly more depressed than either nonusers or users of marihuana only. Differing interactive relationships were found over time depending upon the drugs involved. Depressive mood was related to the onset of marihuana use among nonusers and to the termination of marihuana use among users. Depressive mood also predicted the use of other illicit drugs by marihuana users. While the beginning use of illicit drugs other than marihuana was positively associated with increased depressive mood, continued multiple drug use was related to reduced depressive mood.
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Universities and Unpreparedness. Science 1915; 42:647-8. [PMID: 17743827 DOI: 10.1126/science.42.1088.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Preparedness for Peace. Science 1915; 41:348-53. [PMID: 17730883 DOI: 10.1126/science.41.1053.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The Essentials of an Education. Science 1913; 38:758-62. [PMID: 17810434 DOI: 10.1126/science.38.987.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The Psychiatric Clinic and the Community. Science 1913; 37:856-8. [PMID: 17810396 DOI: 10.1126/science.37.962.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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University Administration and University Ideals. Science 1911; 34:693-700. [PMID: 17818641 DOI: 10.1126/science.34.882.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Anton Dohrn, Founder and Director of the Naples Aquarium. Science 1909; 30:833-5. [PMID: 17783954 DOI: 10.1126/science.30.780.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The New Munich Clinic. Science 1905; 22:313-5. [PMID: 17836580 DOI: 10.1126/science.22.558.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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