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Tsutsumi T, Kawaguchi T, Fujii H, Kamada Y, Takahashi H, Kawanaka M, Sumida Y, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Tokushige A, Ueda S, Aishima S, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis are profiles related to mid-term mortality in biopsy-proven MASLD: A multicenter study in Japan. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:1559-1570. [PMID: 38651312 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS A multi-stakeholder consensus has proposed MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease). We aimed to investigate the pathological findings related to the mid-term mortality of patients with biopsy-proven MASLD in Japan. METHODS We enrolled 1349 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD. The observational period was 8010 person years. We evaluated independent factors associated with mortality in patients with MASLD by Cox regression analysis. We also investigated pathological profiles related to mortality in patients with MASLD using data-mining analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of MASH and stage 3/4 fibrosis was observed in 65.6% and 17.4%, respectively. Forty-five patients with MASLD died. Of these, liver-related events were the most common cause at 40% (n = 18), followed by extrahepatic malignancies at 26.7% (n = 12). Grade 2/3 lobular inflammation and stage 3/4 fibrosis had a 1.9-fold and 1.8-fold risk of mortality, respectively. In the decision-tree analysis, the profiles with the worst prognosis were characterised by Grade 2/3 hepatic inflammation, along with advanced ballooning (grade 1/2) and fibrosis (stage 3/4). This profile showed a mortality at 8.3%. Furthermore, the random forest analysis identified that hepatic fibrosis and inflammation were the first and second responsible factors for the mid-term prognosis of patients with MASLD. CONCLUSIONS In patients with biopsy-proven MASLD, the prevalence of MASH and advanced fibrosis was approximately 65% and 20%, respectively. The leading cause of mortality was liver-related events. Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were significant factors influencing mid-term mortality. These findings highlight the importance of targeting inflammation and fibrosis in the management of patients with MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, International University of Healthcare and Welfare, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hata Kenmin Hospital, Sukumo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Medicine, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Scientific Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Nouso K, Kawanaka M, Fujii H, Kariyama K, Toyoda H, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Tsutsumi T, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Tokushige A, Kamada Y, Takahashi H, Ueda S, Aishima S, Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Kumada T, Okanoue T. Validation study of age-independent fibrosis score (Fibrosis-3 index) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Res 2024. [PMID: 38661715 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Because the accuracy of the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index for predicting liver fibrosis changes with age, the need for different cut-offs in various age groups has frequently been discussed. We developed the age-independent score, the Fibrosis-3 (FIB-3) index, and have shown its usefulness in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to validate the diagnostic ability of the FIB-3 index to predict fibrosis progression using a large new patient cohort. METHODS The ability of the FIB-3 index to predict liver fibrosis was analyzed by comparing it with that of the FIB-4 index using data from 1398 patients with MASLD enrolled in the Asia-based clinical outcome NAFLD study. RESULTS The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting fibrosis stage F3 or higher were not different between the FIB-3 and FIB-4 indices in the entire cohort. Using the single ideal cut-offs of the indices (3.41 for FIB-3 index and 2.01 for FIB-4 index), the predictive accuracy of the FIB-3 index was not significantly different from that of the FIB-4 index among patients aged <60 years; however, the accuracy of the FIB-3 index was significantly higher than that of the FIB-4 index in those aged ≥60 years (0.645 and 0.529, respectively; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The high ability of the FIB-3 index with a single cut-off to predict liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD was confirmed. The FIB-3 index could serve as a useful tool for assessing liver fibrosis regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Center, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kariyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Center, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kochi Prefectural Hata Kenmin Hospital, Sukumo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Urasoe General Hospital, Urasoe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Division of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kochi Prefectural Hata Kenmin Hospital, Sukumo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Scientific Pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, International University of Healthcare and Welfare, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Gifu, Japan
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Iwaki M, Fujii H, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Kawanaka M, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Tsutsumi T, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Tokushige A, Kamada Y, Takahashi H, Ueda S, Aishima S, Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Prognosis of biopsy-confirmed metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease: A sub-analysis of the CLIONE study. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:225-234. [PMID: 38263684 PMCID: PMC11016478 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was recently proposed as an alternative disease concept to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients with biopsy-confirmed MASLD using data from a multicenter study. METHODS This was a sub-analysis of the Clinical Outcome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (CLIONE) study that included 1,398 patients with NAFLD. Liver biopsy specimens were pathologically diagnosed and histologically scored using the NASH Clinical Research Network system, the FLIP algorithm, and the SAF score. Patients who met at least one cardiometabolic criterion were diagnosed with MASLD. RESULTS Approximately 99% of cases (n=1,381) were classified as MASLD. Patients with no cardiometabolic risk (n=17) had a significantly lower BMI than patients with MASLD (20.9 kg/m2 vs. 28.0 kg/m2, P<0.001), in addition to significantly lower levels of inflammation, ballooning, NAFLD activity score, and fibrosis stage based on liver histology. These 17 patients had a median follow-up of 5.9 years, equivalent to 115 person-years, with no deaths, liver-related events, cardiovascular events, or extrahepatic cancers. The results showed that the prognosis for pure MASLD was similar to that for the original CLIONE cohort, with 47 deaths and one patient who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The leading cause of death was extrahepatic cancer (n=10), while the leading causes of liver-related death were liver failure (n=9), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=8), and cholangiocarcinoma (n=4). CONCLUSION Approximately 99% of NAFLD cases were considered MASLD based on the 2023 liver disease nomenclature. The NAFLD-only group, which is not encompassed by MASLD, had a relatively mild histopathologic severity and a favorable prognosis. Consequently, the prognosis of MASLD is similar to that previously reported for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kochi Prefectural Hata Kenmin Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Urasoe General Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Department of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Division of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Urasoe General Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Scientific Pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, International University of Healthcare and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG-NAFLD)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
- Liver Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Hyogo Life Care Clinic Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kochi Prefectural Hata Kenmin Hospital, Kochi, Japan
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Urasoe General Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Department of Scientific Pathology Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Healthcare Management, International University of Healthcare and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
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Shiohira H, Arakaki S, Uehara W, Uehara H, Yamamoto K, Nakamura K. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir-induced elevation of blood tacrolimus levels in a patient in the maintenance phase post liver transplantation. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:77-80. [PMID: 37689137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Nirmatrelvir is an orally administered anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug used in combination with ritonavir, the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitor, to evade metabolism and extend bioavailability. Meanwhile, the immunosuppressant tacrolimus is a CYP3A4/5 substrate, and CYP3A inhibition results in drug-drug interactions. Herein, we report the case of a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patient in the maintenance phase post liver transplantation, receiving tacrolimus treatment, with a marked increase of blood tacrolimus levels after the initiation of concomitant nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. A 61-year-old Japanese woman underwent a living donor liver transplant for Caroli disease 25 years ago and received tacrolimus 2 mg/day for immunosuppressive treatment. Three days before the observed high tacrolimus blood concentration, she presented to our emergency department with a fever and was diagnosed with COVID-19. She was prescribed an adjusted dose of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (150 mg/100 mg, twice daily) for 5 days as a high-risk case with immunosuppressive treatment and reduced renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR: 46.6 mL/min/1.73 m2). At the return visit on day 1, blood tacrolimus level was >60 ng/mL on trough sampling, above the upper limit of measurement, with nausea and vomiting as side effects. Tacrolimus treatment was discontinued on the same day. Drug-drug interactions resulting from CYP3A inhibition by nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were deemed responsible for elevated blood tacrolimus levels. Therefore, in liver transplant recipients, tacrolimus dose reduction or discontinuation is required during COVID-19 treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Shiohira
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (First Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Wataru Uehara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Uehara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamamoto
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine (First Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Japan; Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan.
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5
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Ito T, Morooka H, Takahashi H, Fujii H, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Kawanaka M, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Tsutsumi T, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Tokushige A, Ishigami M, Kamada Y, Ueda S, Aishima S, Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Identification of clinical phenotypes associated with poor prognosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via unsupervised machine learning. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1832-1839. [PMID: 37596843 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both fibrosis status and body weight are important for assessing prognosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to identify population clusters for specific clinical outcomes based on fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and body mass index (BMI) using an unsupervised machine learning method. METHODS We conducted a multicenter study of 1335 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients from Japan. Using the Gaussian mixture model to divide the cohort into clusters based on FIB-4 index and BMI, we investigated prognosis for these clusters. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 223 cases (16.0%) with advanced fibrosis (F3-4) as assessed from liver biopsy. Median values of BMI and FIB-4 index were 27.3 kg/m2 and 1.67. The patients were divided into four clusters by Bayesian information criterion, and all-cause mortality was highest in cluster d, followed by cluster b (P = 0.001). Regarding the characteristics of each cluster, clusters d and b presented a high FIB-4 index (median 5.23 and 2.23), cluster a presented the lowest FIB-4 index (median 0.78), and cluster c was associated with moderate FIB-4 level (median 1.30) and highest BMI (median 34.3 kg/m2 ). Clusters a and c had lower mortality rates than clusters b and d. However, all-cause of death in clusters a and c was unrelated to liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Our clustering approach found that the FIB-4 index is an important predictor of mortality in NAFLD patients regardless of BMI. Additionally, non-liver-related diseases were identified as the causes of death in NAFLD patients with low FIB-4 index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hikaru Morooka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Hiroshima Kouseiren General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Hyogo Life Care Clinic Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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6
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Takahashi H, Kawanaka M, Fujii H, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Tsutsumi T, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Tokushige A, Kamada Y, Ueda S, Aishima S, Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Association of Serum Albumin Levels and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Biopsy-Confirmed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:2014. [PMID: 37432160 PMCID: PMC10180563 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between baseline serum albumin level and long-term prognosis of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. This is a sub-analysis of the CLIONE (Clinical Outcome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) study. The main outcomes were: death or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), liver-related death, and liver-related events (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC], decompensated cirrhosis, and gastroesophageal varices/bleeding). 1383 Japanese patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD were analyzed. They were divided into 3 groups based on serum albumin: high (>4.0 g/dL), intermediate (3.5-4.0 g/dL), and low (<3.5 g/dL). Unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] of the intermediate albumin group, compared with the high albumin group, were 3.6 for death or OLT, 11.2 for liver-related death, 4.6 for HCC, 8.2 for decompensated cirrhosis, and 6.2 for gastroesophageal varices (all risks were statistically significant). After adjusting confounding factors, albumin remained significantly associated with death or OLT (intermediate vs. high albumin group: HR 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59-5.91, p < 0.001; low vs. high albumin group: HR 22.9, 95% CI 8.21-63.9, p < 0.001). Among biopsy-confirmed NAFLD patients, those with intermediate or low serum albumin had a significantly higher risk of death or OLT than those with high serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (H.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Okayama 700-8505, Japan;
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (M.I.)
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8323, Japan; (H.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503-8502, Japan; (H.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (H.T.); (S.O.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Hyogo Life Care Clinic Hiroshima, Hiroshima 732-0823, Japan;
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi 783-8505, Japan;
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (K.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Koji Sawada
- Liver Disease Care Unit, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8802, Japan;
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; (T.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Department of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka 564-8567, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.N.)
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka 564-8567, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.N.)
| | - Asuka Araki
- Department of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (H.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan; (T.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (K.K.); (H.N.)
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503-8502, Japan; (H.T.); (S.Y.)
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8323, Japan; (H.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (M.I.)
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Hepatology Center, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita 564-0013, Japan
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7
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Ishiba H, Sumida Y, Kamada Y, Fujii H, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Kawanaka M, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Tsutsumi T, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Tokushige A, Takahashi H, Ueda S, Aishima S, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Noninvasive tests predict liver-related events and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: sub-analysis of the CLIONE-Asia study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023. [PMID: 36797989 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Noninvasive tests (NITs) have prognostic potential, but whether NITs are comparable with liver biopsy is unclear. This study aimed to examine the prognostic accuracy of NITs for liver-related mortality (LRM) and events (LREs) in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We investigated 1313 patients with NAFLD. Patients were assigned to low-risk, indeterminate-risk, and high-risk groups using conventional cutoff values of each FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and to stage 0-2 and stage 3-4 groups using the fibrosis stage. Survival and Cox regression analyses of the prognostic potential of NITs for LRM/LREs were conducted. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, regarding to FIB-4, the incidence rate (/1000 person-years) in the low risk was zero for LRM and 0.5 for LREs. In contrast, the rate in stage 0-2 was 1.3 for LRM and 2.8 for LRE. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for LREs in the high risk compared with the low risk were 32.85 (P < 0.01). The aHRs in stage 3-4 compared with stage 0-2 were 2.68 (P = 0.02) for LREs and 2.26 (P = 0.582) for LRM. In the same fibrosis stage, the incidence of LRM/LREs was more frequent with a higher risk stratification. The same trend was observed for NFS. CONCLUSIONS NITs accurately predict LRM and LREs as well as a liver biopsy in Japanese patients with NAFLD. Patients in the low risk may not require close follow-up for at least 5 years. The simple NITs could be an acceptable alternative method to performing a liver biopsy for the prognosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.,Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyu Hospital, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Department of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Department of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyu Hospital, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Hepatology Center, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Arakaki S, Ono S, Kawamata F, Ishino S, Uesato Y, Nakajima T, Nishi Y, Morishima S, Arakaki S, Maeshiro T, Souri M, Ichinose A, Masuzaki H, Takatsuki M. Fatal acquired coagulation factor V deficiency after hepatectomy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma as a possible immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse event: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2023; 9:16. [PMID: 36729240 PMCID: PMC9895589 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-023-01601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy was recently introduced as the first line for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) due to atezolizumab are a great concern. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed fatal acquired coagulation factor deficiency after hepatectomy for HCC, treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab before surgery. CASE PRESENTATION A 70-year-old man received right trisegmentectomy of the liver with hepaticojejunostomy for advanced HCC with bile duct invasion, after atezolizumab and bevacizumab therapy. The patient suffered the sudden onset of severe multiple coagulation factor deficiency (II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII) immediately following reoperation for anastomotic leakage of hepaticojejunostomy, 7 days after hepatectomy. The coagulation factor deficiency did not reverse even with intensive treatment, and the patient died of uncontrollable bleeding 32 days after hepatectomy. An IrAE due to atezolizumab was suspected because the patient had developed the possible IrAE of enthesitis of the right gastrocnemius muscle before surgery, and specific inhibitors against factor V and anti-factor V autoantibodies were detected, leading to an ultimate diagnosis of autoimmune FV/5 deficiency (AiF5D). CONCLUSION Severe acquired coagulopathy should be recognized as a possible life-threatening IrAE when using atezolizumab and bevacizumab for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Arakaki
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ono
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
| | - Futoshi Kawamata
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ishino
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
| | - Yasunori Uesato
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
| | - Tomo Nakajima
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishi
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Souri
- grid.415828.2The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Coagulation Factor Deficiency (AiCFD), Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), Tokyo, Japan ,grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Pathobiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akitada Ichinose
- grid.415828.2The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Coagulation Factor Deficiency (AiCFD), Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), Tokyo, Japan ,grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Pathobiology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- grid.267625.20000 0001 0685 5104Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
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9
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Fujii H, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Kawanaka M, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Yamamura S, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Kawada N, Tokushige A, Kamada Y, Takahashi H, Ueda S, Aishima S, Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Clinical Outcomes in Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Multicenter Registry-based Cohort Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:370-379. [PMID: 35051649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There are no detailed reports of clinical outcomes in Asian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who undergo liver biopsy. We aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of a large cohort of Asian patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and evaluate the specific effects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis stage. METHODS This multicenter registry-based retrospective cohort study, called the CLIONE (Clinical Outcome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) in Asia, included 1398 patients. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 4.6 years (range, 0.3-21.6 years), representing a total of 8874 person-years of follow-up. During that time, 47 patients died, and 1 patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The leading cause of death was nonhepatic cancer (n = 10). The leading causes of liver-related death were liver failure (n = 9), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 8), and cholangiocellular carcinoma (n = 4). During follow-up, 37 patients developed HCC, 31 developed cardiovascular disease, and 68 developed nonhepatic cancer (mainly breast, stomach, and colon/rectum). Among our cohort of patients with NAFLD, liver-specific mortality was 2.34/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-3.58), overall mortality was 5.34/1000 person-years (95% CI, 4.02-7.08), and HCC incidence was 4.17/1000 person-years (95% CI, 3.02-5.75). Liver fibrosis was independently associated with liver-related events but not overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS Liver-related mortality was the leading cause of mortality in Asian patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD. Although fibrosis stage was independently associated with liver-related events, it was not associated with overall mortality after adjusting for confounders, such as histologic features of steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Fujii
- Departments of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Hiroshima Kouseiren General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sakura Yamamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Liver Disease Care Unit, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan; Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Division of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary & Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Karimata, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Hepatology Center, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Fujii H, Fujii M, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Kawanaka M, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Tsutsumi T, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Kawada N, Tokushige A, Kamada Y, Takahashi H, Ueda S, Aishima S, Sumida Y, Nakajima A, Okanoue T. Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study shows platelet counts predict hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2023; 53:391-400. [PMID: 36707103 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Impacts of platelet counts at the time of liver biopsy on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of platelet counts in patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD using data from a multicenter study. METHODS One thousand three hundred ninety-eight patients were included in this subanalysis of the CLIONE (Clinical Outcome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) in Asia study. Liver biopsy specimens were pathologically diagnosed, and histologically scored using the NASH Clinical Research Network system. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pathological data were collected. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 4.6 years (range, 0.3-21.6 years), which corresponds to 8874 person-years, 37 patients developed HCC. Using a cut-off baseline platelet count of 192 × 109/L, the lower platelet group had a higher HCC rate than the higher platelet group (6.7% vs. 0.4%; p < 0.001). This cut-off value significantly stratified the event-free rate for HCC. Lower platelet counts were associated with an increased risk of HCC development. Relative to patients with platelet counts of 192 × 109/L, patients with platelet counts of 100 × 109/L had an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for HCC development of 7.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.81-14.2) and an adjusted HR of 11.2 (95% CI, 3.81-32.7; p < 0.001), adjusting for age, sex, NASH, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Baseline platelet counts of 192 × 109/L and lower are associated with a higher risk of developing HCC in patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD and require active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nakagami, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Department of Hepatology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Department of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nakagami, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Japan
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11
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Seko Y, Kawanaka M, Fujii H, Iwaki M, Hayashi H, Toyoda H, Oeda S, Hyogo H, Morishita A, Munekage K, Kawata K, Yamamura S, Sawada K, Maeshiro T, Tobita H, Yoshida Y, Naito M, Araki A, Arakaki S, Kawaguchi T, Noritake H, Ono M, Masaki T, Yasuda S, Tomita E, Yoneda M, Tokushige A, Kamada Y, Takahashi H, Ueda S, Aishima S, Sumida Y, Okanoue T, Itoh Y, Nakajima A. Age-dependent effects of diabetes and obesity on liver-related events in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Subanalysis of CLIONE in Asia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:2313-2320. [PMID: 36198983 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Older age, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity are known risk factors for liver-related events (LREs). We investigated the impacts of T2DM and obesity on LRE according to age in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We performed a subanalysis of a retrospective cohort study (CLIONE in Asia), including 1395 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. The median follow-up was 4.6 years. RESULTS The median age was 57 years, and 36.2% had T2DM. The median body mass index (BMI) was 27.4, and 28.5% were severely obese (BMI ≥ 30). During follow-up, 37 patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 58 patients developed LRE. In patients younger than 65 years, advanced fibrosis (hazard ratio [HR] 7.69, P < 0.001) and T2DM (HR 3.37, P = 0.017) were HCC risk factors, and advanced fibrosis (HR 9.40, P < 0.001) and T2DM (HR 2.51, P = 0.016) were LRE risk factors. In patients 65 years and older, advanced fibrosis (HR 4.24, P = 0.010) and obesity (HR 4.60, P = 0.006) were HCC risk factors, and advanced fibrosis (HR 4.22, P = 0.002) and obesity (HR 4.22, P = 0.002) were LRE risk factors. CONCLUSION Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity contributed to LRE in younger and older patients, respectively, along with advanced fibrosis. Therefore, controlling T2DM in patients younger than 65 years and controlling weight in patients 65 years and older could prevent LRE. The development of age-dependent screening and management strategies is necessary for patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Seko
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Hepatology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michihiro Iwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Oeda
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Hiroshima Kouseiren General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan.,Life Care Clinic Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Munekage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sakura Yamamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koji Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Division of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asuka Araki
- Division of Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Division of Innovative Medicine for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tomita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Division of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okanoue
- Hepatology Center, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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12
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Hokama A, Arakaki S, Ishino S, Nakagawa Y, Tabata S, Agarie D, Kuwae S, Zukeyama R, Maeshiro T, Tsuruta Y, Matsuzaki A, Wada N, Takatsuki M, Fujita J. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Patient With Crohn's Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e16570. [PMID: 34430172 PMCID: PMC8378283 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 44-year-old woman with a 26-year history of Crohn’s disease (CD) presented with intermittent fever, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. Her medication included an elemental diet, mesalazine, and infliximab. Liver profile and viral hepatitis markers were normal. Computed tomography scans showed a hepatic tumor by chance. Serum tumor markers disclosed elevated protein induced by vitamin K absence-II. With a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), she underwent a hepatic resection of the tumor, revealing well-to-moderately differentiated HCC. The nontumor region of the liver disclosed the absence of cirrhosis or other diseases. Here, the development of HCC in CD without underlying liver diseases is discussed with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hokama
- Department of Endoscopy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Shinichiro Ishino
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Yutaka Nakagawa
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Souhei Tabata
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Daiki Agarie
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Satoshi Kuwae
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Ryuta Zukeyama
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Yuma Tsuruta
- Department of Pathology, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Akiko Matsuzaki
- Department of Pathology, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, JPN
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13
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Miyagi Y, Kinjo T, Yoshizumi T, Harada N, Arakaki S, Kinjo T, Hokama A, Takatsuki M. Elective staged proctocolectomy and living donor liver transplantation for colon cancer with sclerosing cholangitis-related ulcerative colitis: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:278. [PMID: 33130979 PMCID: PMC7604274 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-01059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a well-known complication of ulcerative colitis (UC), but it is rare to encounter patients requiring both living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and proctocolectomy. We report a case of elective two-stage surgery involving proctocolectomy performed after LDLT for a patient with early colon cancer concurrent with PSC-related UC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent cancer successfully treated with both LDLT and proctocolectomy. Case presentation A 32-year-old Japanese man with colon cancer associated with UC underwent restorative proctocolectomy at 3 months after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for PSC. He was diagnosed with PSC and UC when he was a teenager. Conservative therapy was initiated to treat both PSC and UC. He had experienced recurrent cholangitis for years; therefore, a biliary stent was placed endoscopically. However, his liver function progressively deteriorated. Colonoscopic surveillance revealed early colon cancer; hence, surgical treatment was considered. PSC progressed to cirrhosis and portal hypertension; hence, LDLT was performed before restorative proctocolectomy. Three months after LDLT, we performed restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was well, with good liver and bowel functions and without tumor recurrence, more than 1 year after proctocolectomy. Conclusions With strict patient selection and careful patient management and follow-up, elective proctocolectomy may be performed safely and effectively after LDLT for concurrent early colon cancer with PSC-related UC. There are no previous reports of the use of both LDLT and proctocolectomy for the successful treatment of PSC-related UC and concurrent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyagi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kinjo
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kinjo
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akira Hokama
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan
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14
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Elshawy M, Toshima T, Asayama Y, Kubo Y, Ikeda S, Ikegami T, Arakaki S, Yoshizumi T, Mori M. Correction to: Post-transplant inflow modulation for early allograft dysfunction after living donor liver transplantation. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:198. [PMID: 32749532 PMCID: PMC7403266 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elshawy
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Asayama
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kubo
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ikeda
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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15
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Elshawy M, Toshima T, Asayama Y, Kubo Y, Ikeda S, Ikegami T, Arakaki S, Yoshizumi T, Mori M. Post-transplant inflow modulation for early allograft dysfunction after living donor liver transplantation. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:164. [PMID: 32642985 PMCID: PMC7343689 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To treat small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), many procedures were described for portal flow modulation before, during, or after transplantation. The selection of the procedure as well as the best timing remains controversial. Case presentation A 43-year-old female with end-stage liver disease underwent LDLT with extended left with caudate lobe graft from her donor who was her 41-year-old brother (graft volume/standard liver volume (GV/SLV), 35.7%; graft to recipient weight ratio (GRWR), 0.67%). During the surgery, splenectomy could not be performed owing to severe peri-splenic adhesions to avoid the ruined bleedings. The splenic artery ligation was not also completely done because it was dorsal to the pancreas and difficult to be approached. Finally, adequate portal vein (PV) inflow was confirmed after portal venous thrombectomy. As having post-transplant optional procedures that are accessible for PV flow modulation, any other procedures for PV modulation during LDLT were not done until the postoperative assessment of the graft function and PV flow for possible postoperative modulation of the portal flow accordingly. Postoperative PV flow kept as high as 30 cm/s. By the end of the 1st week, there was a progressive deterioration of the total bilirubin profile (peak as 19.4 mg/dL) and ascitic fluid amount exceeded 1000 mL/day. Therefore, splenic artery embolization was done effectively and safely on the 10th postoperative day (POD) to reverse early allograft dysfunction as PV flow significantly decreased to keep within 20 cm/s and serum total bilirubin levels gradually declined with decreased amounts of ascites below 500 mL on POD 11 and thereafter. The patient was discharged on POD 28 with good condition. Conclusions SFSS can be prevented or reversed by the portal inflow modulation, even by post-transplant procedure. This case emphasizes that keeping accessible angiographic treatment options for PV modulation, such as splenic artery embolization, after LDLT is quite feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elshawy
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Asayama
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kubo
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ikeda
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Tabata S, Miyazato K, Hoshino K, Arakaki S, Hokama A, Fujita J. Diagnosis of Lemmel syndrome by air insufflation during endoscopy. Pol Arch Intern Med 2019. [DOI: 10.20452/pamw.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Ohira T, Miyazato K, Arakaki S, Hokama A, Fujita J. A gallstone impaction at the ampulla of Vater. Pol Arch Intern Med 2018; 128:779. [PMID: 30444496 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Hoshino K, Sugiyama M, Date T, Maruwaka S, Arakaki S, Shibata D, Maeshiro T, Hokama A, Sakugawa H, Kanto T, Fujita J, Mizokami M. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:976-985. [PMID: 29577516 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Okinawa Island, located in Southern Japan, has a higher prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a (HCV-1a) infection than that in mainland Japan. Okinawa has a history of US military occupation after World War II. To elucidate the transmission history of HCV-1a in Okinawa, 26 whole-genome sequences were obtained from 29 patients during 2011-2016. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed to identify the origin and characteristics of HCV-1a in Okinawa with epidemiological information. A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequencing revealed that all of the samples were located below the US branches. Additionally, we identified one cluster comprised of 17 strains (Okinawa, n = 16; United States, n = 1). The majority of the patients in this cluster were people who inject drugs (PWID), indicating the presence of a people who inject drugs (PWID) cluster. Subsequently, Bayesian analyses were employed to reveal viral population dynamics. Intriguingly, a phylodynamic analysis uncovered a substantial increase in effective population size of HCV-1a from 1965 to 1980 and a slight increase in mid-2000, which were associated with an increase in illicit drug use in Okinawa. The estimated divergence time of the PWID cluster was 1967.6 (1964.2-1971.1). These findings suggest that HCV-1a was introduced into Okinawa from the United States in the late 1960s, coincident with the Vietnam War. Subsequently, HCV-1a might have spread among the Japanese population with the spread of injecting drug use. Our study provides an understanding of HCV transmission dynamics in Okinawa, as well as the key role of PWID in HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hoshino
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - M Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Date
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Maruwaka
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - S Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - D Shibata
- Digestive Division, Heart Life Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - T Maeshiro
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - A Hokama
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - H Sakugawa
- Digestive Division, Heart Life Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - T Kanto
- Department of Liver Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - J Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - M Mizokami
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Arakaki S, Maeshiro T, Hokama A, Fujita J. Erratum for factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population in Okinawa, Japan ( World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7: 261-267). World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2018; 9:14-15. [PMID: 29430324 PMCID: PMC5797977 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v9.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akira Hokama
- Department of Endoscopy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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20
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Arakaki S, Maeshiro T, Hokama A, Hoshino K, Maruwaka S, Higashiarakawa M, Parrott G, Hirata T, Kinjo K, Fujita J. Factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population in Okinawa, Japan. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2016; 7:261-267. [PMID: 27158542 PMCID: PMC4848249 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical and biochemical factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in the general population.
METHODS: We enrolled 1004 subjects who underwent a medical health checkup between April 2008 and March 2009. The medical health checkup included the following tests: Height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urinalysis, blood-cell counts, blood chemistry, electrocardiography, chest radiography, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) for visceral fat accumulation. The patients’ medical history and lifestyle factors were collected privately by nurses using a self-administered questionnaire, and they included questions regarding physical activity, sleep duration, dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Visceral fat area (VFA) was defined as the sum of the intraperitoneal fat area at the level of the umbilicus with CT density in the range of -150 to -50 Hounsfield units.
RESULTS: The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the study subjects were 57.0 years and 24.4 kg/m2. In both male and females, VFA was significantly and positively correlated with WC (r = 0.532, P < 0.01; r = 0.612, P < 0.01). Subjects with high levels of VFA were primarily male with significantly higher age, height, body weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and hemoglobin in all subjects (P < 0.05). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that VFA had a positive relationship with age ≥ 56, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and triglyceride level ≥ 149 in males (P < 0.05), whereas it had a positive relationship with age ≥ 58, BMI ≥ 24.4 kg/m2, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level < 40 mg/dL, and current drinking in females (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that gender differences exist in the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with visceral fat accumulation.
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21
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Tamura J, Arakaki S, Shibata D, Maeshiro T. Cytomegalovirus-associated gastric ulcer: a diagnostic challenge in a patient of fulminant hepatitis with steroid pulse therapy. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-010501. [PMID: 23997079 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 69-year-old woman presented with malaise. She had had organising pneumonia with the treatment of prednisolone. A diagnosis of fulminant hepatitis was made and steroid pulse therapy was initiated. Ten days later, a colonic resection with a colostomy was performed because of the perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. She presented with epigastric pain and melena after surgery. Despite the administration of the proton pump inhibitor, an endoscopy revealed multiple deep, punched-out ulcers of the stomach. Biopsy specimen showed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The melena and CMV antigenemia was improved with ganciclovir; however the patient died from worsening of hepatic failure. We emphasise that CMV-associated gastric ulcers should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric ulcers in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Tamura
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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22
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Hoshino K, Shibata D, Miyagi T, Yamamoto Y, Arakaki S, Maeshiro T, Hokama A, Kinjo F, Takahashi K, Fujita J. Cytomegalovirus-associated gastric ulcers in a patient with dermatomyositis treated with steroid and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Endoscopy 2012; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E277-8. [PMID: 21915824 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hoshino
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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Hokama A, Arakaki S, Shibata D, Maeshiro T, Kinjo F, Fujita J. "Playboy bunny" sign of congestive heart failure. West J Emerg Med 2012; 12:433-4. [PMID: 22224133 PMCID: PMC3236167 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2011.2.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In emergency, ultrasound has been widely used as a noninvasive and effective examination to evaluate congestive heart failure. We highlight "Playboy Bunny" sign as a reliable marker and an important clue to the diagnosis of passive hepatic congestion, caused by congestive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hokama
- University of the Ryukyus, Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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24
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Shiroma J, Hokama A, Maeshiro T, Shibata D, Arakaki S, Kinjo F, Fujita J. Splenic infarction in pancreatic cancer. JOP 2009; 10:699-700. [PMID: 19890199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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25
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Toma S, Yamashiro T, Arakaki S, Shiroma J, Maeshiro T, Hibiya K, Sakamoto N, Kinjo F, Tateyama M, Fujita J. Inhibition of intracellular hepatitis C virus replication by nelfinavir and synergistic effect with interferon-alpha. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:506-12. [PMID: 19302339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have become the major cause of mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection since the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy. HCV-related liver disease is more severe in HIV-infected patients than in non-HIV-infected patients, but the standard therapies used to treat chronic hepatitis C in HCV/HIV coinfected patients are the same as those for patients infected with HCV alone. HIV protease inhibitors might have potential to down-regulate HCV load of HCV/HIV coinfected patients. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nelfinavir on intracellular HCV replication using the HCV replicon system. We constructed an HCV replicon expressing a neomycin-selectable chimeric firefly luciferase reporter protein. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by nelfinavir were assessed and synergism between nelfinavir and interferon (IFN) was calculated using CalcuSyn analysis. Nelfinavir dose-dependently repressed HCV replication at low concentrations (IC(50), 9.88 micromol/L). Nelfinavir failed to induce cytotoxicity or apoptosis at concentrations that inhibited HCV replication. Clinical concentrations of nelfinavir (5 micromol/L) combined with IFN showed synergistic inhibition of HCV replication in our replicon model. Our results suggest that the direct effects of nelfinavir on the HCV subgenome and its synergism with IFN could improve clinical responses to IFN therapy in HCV/HIV coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toma
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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26
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Arakaki S, Iraha A, Shiroma J, Maeshiro T, Hokama A, Kinjo F, Fujita J. Acute haemorrhagic rectal ulcer in fulminant hepatitis. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr10.2008.1138. [PMID: 21691386 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.10.2008.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Arakaki
- University of the Ryukyus, First Department of Internal Medicine, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Maeshiro T, Arakaki S, Watanabe T, Aoyama H, Shiroma J, Yamashiro T, Hirata T, Hokama A, Kinjo F, Nakayoshi T, Nakayoshi T, Mizokami M, Fujita J, Sakugawa H. Different natural courses of chronic hepatitis B with genotypes B and C after the fourth decade of life. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:4560-5. [PMID: 17729406 PMCID: PMC4611827 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i34.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the different impact of genotypes B and C on the development of liver cirrhosis (LC) among different age groups of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CH-B).
METHODS: We examined the outcome of 121 patients with CH-B, divided by age and genotype. Univariate analyses were used to compare different groups. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to evaluate factors affecting the development of LC.
RESULTS: In patients < 30 years old, there were no significant predictors for development of LC. However, in patients ≥ 30 years old, genotype C was the only significant predictor. In the genotype C group, 8 of 12 patients who progressed to LC were 30-49 years old at initial diagnosis of chronic hepatitis (7 patients were positive for HBeAg). In the genotype B group, 4 of 8 patients who developed LC were ≥ 50 years old at initial diagnosis and were HBeAg-negative.
CONCLUSION: The rate of development of LC was comparable in patients infected with genotypes B and C when CH-B occurred at < 30 years old. However, CH-B patients infected with genotype C showed poor prognosis if they were 30-49 years old and were positive for HBeAg. Age-specific natural course of CH-B should be considered when patients with CH-B are treated with antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuji Maeshiro
- Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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Shigemitsu T, Ishiguro K, Shimizu Y, Horiguchi M, Kasahara M, Arakaki S. Immunocytochemical features of lens after cataract tissue--signalling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, other signalling molecules), cytoskeleton proteins, cellular and extracellular matrix proteins. Int Ophthalmol 2001; 23:137-44. [PMID: 11456250 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010640118852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined the immunocytochemical features of after cataract tissue and cataractous lens epithelium prior to cataract surgery and at the time of surgery. METHODS This study included 23 cases. Antibodies against the following antigens were used: epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGF-R), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), FGF receptor (FGF-R), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, TGF-beta receptor II (TGF-beta -RII), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)II, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 receptor II, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), prostaglandin (PG) E2, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), keratin, vimentin, myosin, fibronectin, laminin, types I, II, III, IV, V and VI collagen (Col), and lens epithelial cells (LECs). RESULTS The following substances were present in posterior and anterior capsular fibrosis of after cataract: EGF, EGF-R, FGF, FGF-R, TGF-beta, TGF-beta-RII, IGF-II, PDGF-AB, IL-6, IL-1RII, TNF-alpha, PGE2, PAI-1, alpha-SMA, keratin, fibronectin, laminin, Type I col, Type II to VI col and LECs. Elschnig's pearls of after cataract expressed FGF-R, TNF-alpha, laminin and LECs. Soemmering's ring of after cataract tissue expressed EGF, FGF, FGF-R, IL-1RII, TPA, PAl-1, keratin and LECs. The following substances were present in cataractous lens epithelium prior to cataract surgery: EGF, EGF-R, FGF, FGF-R, TGF-beta-RII, IL-1-RII, TNF-alpha, PAI-1, keratin, laminin and LECs. The following substances were present in the lens epithelium of anterior capsules collected at the time of cataract surgery: EGF, EGF-R, FGF, FGF-R, TGF-beta, TGF-beta-RII, IGF-II, IL-6, IL-1-RII, TNF-alpha, PGE2, keratin, fibronectin, laminin, Type IV Col and LECs. CONCLUSIONS These results prove that many kinds of signalling molecules and proteins exist in the process of after cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shigemitsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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Men R, Wyatt L, Tokimatsu I, Arakaki S, Shameem G, Elkins R, Chanock R, Moss B, Lai CJ. Immunization of rhesus monkeys with a recombinant of modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing a truncated envelope glycoprotein of dengue type 2 virus induced resistance to dengue type 2 virus challenge. Vaccine 2000; 18:3113-22. [PMID: 10856791 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue epidemics increasingly pose a public health problem in most countries of the tropical and subtropical areas. Despite decades of research, development of a safe and effective live dengue virus vaccine is still at the experimental stage. To explore an alternative vaccine strategy, we employed the highly attenuated, replication-deficient modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) as a vector to construct recombinants for expression of the major envelope glycoprotein of one or more dengue virus serotypes. MVA recombinants expressing the highly immunogenic C-terminally truncated dengue type 2 virus (DEN2) or dengue type 4 virus (DEN4) envelope protein (E), approx. 80% of the full-length, were evaluated for their protective immunity in animal models. Each of these recombinants elicited an elevated antibody response to DEN2 or DEN4 E in mice following the booster inoculation, as detected by radio-immunoprecipitation. Recombinant MVA-DEN2 80%E, but not MVA-DEN4 80%E, induced a neutralizing antibody response. The MVA-DEN2 80%E recombinant was chosen to further evaluate its ability to induce resistance to wild type DEN2 challenge in monkeys. Monkeys immunized twice with recombinant MVA-DEN2 80%E developed a low to moderate antibody response and were partially protected against DEN2 challenge, as determined by the viremia pattern. Importantly, the subsequent study showed that all four monkeys immunized with the recombinant in a three dose schedule developed an increased level of antibodies and were completely protected against DEN2 challenge. The potential efficacy of recombinant MVA-DEN2 80%E to protect primates against dengue infection suggests that construction and evaluation of MVA recombinants expressing other serotypes of dengue virus E for use in a tetravalent vaccine strategy might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Men
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
In order to elucidate the molecular characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in Okinawa, 23 strains of JE virus isolated in a 25-year span were sequenced for the 240 nucleotides of the C-preM junction region and 111 nucleotides of the E gene region and compared with those of reference strains isolated in mainland Japan. The results of phylogenic analysis showed that although all the Okinawan isolates showed more than 96% homology in the nucleotide sequence in each region, they were chronologically divided into two groups: the old group (nine strains) and a new group (14 strains). On the other hand, in a comparison with reference strains in mainland Japan, the Okinawan isolates showed more than 94% nucleotide sequence homology in both regions, indicating that the Okinawan strains belong to the same genotype as that of JE strains in mainland Japan. The nucleotide homology of the old group was relatively higher than that of the new group. Among the 14 strains in the new group, 13 strains were isolated from mosquitoes collected from a pig farm from 1986 through 1992. These strains showed higher nucleotide divergence than the old group strains, isolated from mosquitoes and swine sera collected at several sites, in both regions. A nucleotide substitution at the position 1920 in the E gene was identified in three isolates. This substitution generated an aspargine-proline-threonine sequence capable of serving as an attachment site of carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ma
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Tadano M, Kanemura K, Arakaki S, Makino Y, Fukunaga T, Hokama T, Kyan T, Makiya H, Taira Y, Ohama N. Epidemiological and ecological studies of Japanese encephalitis in Okinawa, subtropical area in Japan. II. Prevalence of Japanese encephalitis antibody in residents in Okinawa, Miyako and Ishigaki islands. Microbiol Immunol 1994; 38:123-8. [PMID: 8041299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During 1989 to 1990, human sera were collected by age groups in Okinawa (the northern, central and southern areas), Miyako and Ishigaki islands and examined for the neutralization (N) antibodies to two strains, Nakayama (vaccine strain) and C307 (Okinawan strain), of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. In Okinawa island, the N antibody positive rate to C307 was higher than that to Nakayama, while in Miyako and Ishigaki islands, the positive rate to Nakayama was higher than that to C307, suggesting that JE virus transmission rate was higher in Okinawa than in Miyako and Ishigaki islands. In Okinawa Prefecture, JE vaccine had not been administered to most of residents over 31 years of age at the time of serum collection. In residents over 31 years old, the positive rate to C307 was highest in the north of Okinawa (83.3%) and was lowest in Miyako (26.3%), with the second lowest in Ishigaki (33.3%). The distribution of N antibody titers to C307 gave hyperbolic patterns in the 0-5 age groups in Miyako and Ishigaki, and also in the 31-40, 41-50 age groups in Miyako and the 41-50 age group in Ishigaki, suggesting low rates of natural infection in these 4-5 decades in both islands. In residents of ages subjected to JE vaccine, a characteristic pattern was obtained, in which the curves to Nakayama shifted to higher titers than those to C307, suggesting that the first antigenic stimulation was caused by vaccine, not by natural infection of JE virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tadano
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Shinjo S, Asato L, Arakaki S, Kina T, Kohrin T, Mori M, Yamamoto S. Comparative effect of casein and soybean protein isolate on body fat accumulation in adult rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1992; 38:247-53. [PMID: 1453235 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.38.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary protein on the body fat accumulation was studied in rats. Adult rats weighing about 300 g were fed 21% protein (casein or soybean protein isolate) and 5% oil diets by pair-feeding for 65 days in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, only protein and oil contents were changed, 25 and 10%, respectively. Final body weights of the two dietary groups were similar in both experiments, especially in Experiment 2. Total body fat was slightly lower in the soybean protein diet group than in the casein diet group in Experiment 2, only when it was expressed as the percentage against body weight. However, intra-abdominal fat was significantly lower in the soybean protein diet groups than in the casein diet groups in both experiments. Serum lipid levels were greatly lower in the soybean protein diet group than in the casein diet group in Experiment 2 (the data were not available in Experiment 1). The results suggest that dietary soybean protein has the effect to lower the intra-abdominal fat accumulation as compared with casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shinjo
- Research Center of Comprehensive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Makino Y, Tadano M, Arakaki S, Fukunaga T. Potential use of a baculovirus-expressed dengue-4 E protein as a diagnostic antigen in regions endemic for dengue and Japanese encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45:636-43. [PMID: 1659240 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Truncated dengue-4 E protein was produced as a fusion protein in insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector to examine its usefulness as a diagnostic antigen. A peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) staining method was used to examine the immunoreactivity of the antigenic determinants in recombinant virus-infected Sf-9 cells with human sera obtained from dengue (DEN) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) endemic areas (41 sera from DEN patients and 39 sera from JE patients or individuals with high JE-antibody titers). The expressed E protein, in which one-third of the carboxy-terminal end was deleted, reacted with sera from DEN patients, but it failed to react or responded only faintly with sera from JE patients. The antibody titers obtained by the staining method correlated with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (r = 0.64, P less than 0.01). Calculation of the ratio (R) of the titer obtained by the PAP staining method to the ELISA titer can clearly differentiate DEN antibody from JE antibody (high R values in DEN sera and low R values in JE sera). The recombinant protein would be especially useful for diagnostic purposes in regions where DEN and JE viruses co-circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Makino
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Burdick CO, Clearkin KP, Brown RK, Arakaki S. Tricholemmoma of the scalp. Case report. Arch Dermatol 1967; 95:73-5. [PMID: 4289170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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