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Sim MM, Mollica MY, Alfar HR, Hollifield M, Chung DW, Fu X, Gandhapudi S, Coenen DM, Prakhya KS, Mahmood DFD, Banerjee M, Peng C, Li X, Thornton AC, Porterfield JZ, Sturgill JL, Sievert GA, Barton-Baxter M, Zheng Z, Campbell KS, Woodward JG, López JA, Whiteheart SW, Garvy BA, Wood JP. Unfolded Von Willebrand Factor Binds Protein S and Reduces Anticoagulant Activity. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.08.579463. [PMID: 38370737 PMCID: PMC10871343 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.08.579463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein S (PS), the critical plasma cofactor for the anticoagulants tissue factor (TF) pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and activated protein C (APC), circulates in two functionally distinct pools: free (anticoagulant) or bound to complement component 4b-binding protein (C4BP) (anti-inflammatory). Acquired free PS deficiency is detected in several viral infections, but its cause is unclear. Here, we identified a shear-dependent interaction between PS and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) by mass spectrometry. Consistently, plasma PS and VWF comigrated in both native and agarose gel electrophoresis. The PS/VWF interaction was blocked by TFPI but not APC, suggesting an interaction with the C-terminal sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) region of PS. Microfluidic systems, mimicking arterial laminar flow or disrupted turbulent flow, demonstrated that PS stably binds VWF as VWF unfolds under turbulent flow. PS/VWF complexes also localized to platelet thrombi under laminar arterial flow. In thrombin generation-based assays, shearing plasma decreased PS activity, an effect not seen in the absence of VWF. Finally, free PS deficiency in COVID-19 patients, measured using an antibody that binds near the C4BP binding site in SHBG, correlated with changes in VWF, but not C4BP, and with thrombin generation. Our data suggest that PS binds to a shear-exposed site on VWF, thus sequestering free PS and decreasing its anticoagulant activity, which would account for the increased thrombin generation potential. As many viral infections present with free PS deficiency, elevated circulating VWF, and increased vascular shear, we propose that the PS/VWF interaction reported here is a likely contributor to virus-associated thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M.S. Sim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Molly Y. Mollica
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA
| | - Hammodah R. Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Melissa Hollifield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Dominic W. Chung
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Siva Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Daniëlle M. Coenen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Chi Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Xian Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | - James Z. Porterfield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Jamie L. Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Gail A. Sievert
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | | | - Ze Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Campbell
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Jerold G. Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Beth A. Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
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Alfar HR, Nthenge-Ngumbau DN, Saatman KE, Whiteheart SW. EcoHIV-Infected Mice Show No Signs of Platelet Activation. Viruses 2023; 16:55. [PMID: 38257755 PMCID: PMC10819473 DOI: 10.3390/v16010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets express several surface receptors that could interact with different viruses. To understand the mechanisms of HIV-1's interaction with platelets, we chose the EcoHIV model. While EcoHIV is an established model for neuroAIDS, its effects on platelets are ill-defined. Our results indicate that EcoHIV behaves differently from HIV-1 and is cleared from circulation after 48 h post-infection. The EcoHIV course of infection resembles an HIV-1 infection under the effects of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) since infected mice stayed immunocompetent and the virus was readily detected in the spleen. EcoHIV-infected mice failed to become thrombocytopenic and showed no signs of platelet activation. One explanation is that mouse platelets lack the EcoHIV receptor, murine Cationic Amino acid Transporter-1 (mCAT-1). No mCAT-1 was detected on their surface, nor was any mCAT-1 mRNA detected. Thus, mouse platelets would not bind or become activated by EcoHIV. However, impure virus preparations, generated by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) precipitation, do activate platelets, suggesting that nonspecific PEG-precipitates may contain other platelet activators (e.g., histones and cell debris). Our data do not support the concept that platelets, through general surface proteins such as DC-SIGN or CLEC-2, have a wide recognition for different viruses and suggest that direct platelet/pathogen interactions are receptor/ligand specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammodah R. Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Dominic Ngima Nthenge-Ngumbau
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (D.N.N.-N.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (D.N.N.-N.); (K.E.S.)
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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Glendenning LM, Zhou JY, Kukan EN, Gao C, Cummings RD, Joshi S, Whiteheart SW, Cobb BA. Platelet-localized ST6Gal1 does not impact IgG sialylation. Glycobiology 2023; 33:943-953. [PMID: 37379323 PMCID: PMC10859628 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The IgG antibody class forms an important basis of the humoral immune response, conferring reciprocal protection from both pathogens and autoimmunity. IgG function is determined by the IgG subclass, as defined by the heavy chain, as well as the glycan composition at N297, the conserved site of N-glycosylation within the Fc domain. For example, lack of core fucose promotes increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, whereas α2,6-linked sialylation by the enzyme ST6Gal1 helps to drive immune quiescence. Despite the immunological significance of these carbohydrates, little is known about how IgG glycan composition is regulated. We previously reported that mice with ST6Gal1-deficient B cells have unaltered IgG sialylation. Likewise, ST6Gal1 released into the plasma by hepatocytes does not significantly impact overall IgG sialylation. Since IgG and ST6Gal1 have independently been shown to exist in platelet granules, it was possible that platelet granules could serve as a B cell-extrinsic site for IgG sialylation. To address this hypothesis, we used a platelet factor 4 (Pf4)-Cre mouse to delete ST6Gal1 in megakaryocytes and platelets alone or in combination with an albumin-Cre mouse to also remove it from hepatocytes and the plasma. The resulting mouse strains were viable and had no overt pathological phenotype. We also found that despite targeted ablation of ST6Gal1, no change in IgG sialylation was apparent. Together with our prior findings, we can conclude that in mice, neither B cells, the plasma, nor platelets have a substantial role in homeostatic IgG sialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandre M Glendenning
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Emily N Kukan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Brian A Cobb
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
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Whiteheart SW. In memory of Dr. Susan S. Smyth, MD/Ph.D. Platelets 2023; 34:2183050. [PMID: 36813743 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2183050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Prakhya KS, Vekaria H, Coenen DM, Omali L, Lykins J, Joshi S, Alfar HR, Wang QJ, Sullivan P, Whiteheart SW. Platelet glycogenolysis is important for energy production and function. Platelets 2023; 34:2222184. [PMID: 37292023 PMCID: PMC10658951 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2222184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the presence of glycogen in platelets was established in the 1960s, its importance to specific functions (i.e., activation, secretion, aggregation, and clot contraction) remains unclear. Patients with glycogen storage disease often present with increased bleeding and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors, when used as treatments for diabetes, induce bleeding in preclinical studies suggesting some role for this form of glucose in hemostasis. In the present work, we examined how glycogen mobilization affects platelet function using GP inhibitors (CP316819 and CP91149) and a battery of ex vivo assays. Blocking GP activity increased glycogen levels in resting and thrombin-activated platelets and inhibited platelet secretion and clot contraction, with minimal effects on aggregation. Seahorse energy flux analysis and metabolite supplementation experiments suggested that glycogen is an important metabolic fuel whose role is affected by platelet activation and the availability of external glucose and other metabolic fuels. Our data shed light on the bleeding diathesis in glycogen storage disease patients and offer insights into the potential effects of hyperglycemia on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemendra Vekaria
- Department of Neuroscience; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Daniёlle M. Coenen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Linda Omali
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joshua Lykins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hammodah R. Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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6
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Matharu SS, Nordmann CS, Ottman KR, Akkem R, Palumbo D, Cruz DRD, Campbell K, Sievert G, Sturgill J, Porterfield JZ, Joshi S, Alfar HR, Peng C, Pokrovskaya ID, Kamykowski JA, Wood JP, Garvy B, Aronova MA, Whiteheart SW, Leapman RD, Storrie B. Deep learning, 3D ultrastructural analysis reveals quantitative differences in platelet and organelle packing in COVID-19/SARSCoV2 patient-derived platelets. Platelets 2023; 34:2264978. [PMID: 37933490 PMCID: PMC10809228 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2264978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets contribute to COVID-19 clinical manifestations, of which microclotting in the pulmonary vasculature has been a prominent symptom. To investigate the potential diagnostic contributions of overall platelet morphology and their α-granules and mitochondria to the understanding of platelet hyperactivation and micro-clotting, we undertook a 3D ultrastructural approach. Because differences might be small, we used the high-contrast, high-resolution technique of focused ion beam scanning EM (FIB-SEM) and employed deep learning computational methods to evaluate nearly 600 individual platelets and 30 000 included organelles within three healthy controls and three severely ill COVID-19 patients. Statistical analysis reveals that the α-granule/mitochondrion-to-plateletvolume ratio is significantly greater in COVID-19 patient platelets indicating a denser packing of organelles, and a more compact platelet. The COVID-19 patient platelets were significantly smaller -by 35% in volume - with most of the difference in organelle packing density being due to decreased platelet size. There was little to no 3D ultrastructural evidence for differential activation of the platelets from COVID-19 patients. Though limited by sample size, our studies suggest that factors outside of the platelets themselves are likely responsible for COVID-19 complications. Our studies show how deep learning 3D methodology can become the gold standard for 3D ultrastructural studies of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Matharu
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassidy S Nordmann
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kurtis R Ottman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Akkem
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Palumbo
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Denzel R D Cruz
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gail Sievert
- Center for Clinical Translational Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jamie Sturgill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James Z Porterfield
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hammodah R Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Chi Peng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeremy P Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Beth Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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7
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Smith AN, Joshi S, Chanzu H, Alfar HR, Prakhya KS, Whiteheart SW. α-Synuclein is the major platelet isoform but is dispensable for activation, secretion, and thrombosis. Platelets 2023; 34:2267147. [PMID: 37927048 PMCID: PMC10629845 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2267147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play many roles in the vasculature ensuring proper hemostasis and maintaining integrity. These roles are facilitated, in part, by cargo molecules released from platelet granules via Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) mediated membrane fusion, which is controlled by several protein-protein interactions. Chaperones have been characterized for t-SNAREs (i.e. Munc18b for Syntaxin-11), but none have been clearly identified for v-SNAREs. α-Synuclein has been proposed as a v-SNARE chaperone which may affect SNARE-complex assembly, fusion pore opening, and thus secretion. Despite its abundance and that it is the only isoform present, α-synuclein's role in platelet secretion is uncharacterized. In this study, immunofluorescence showed that α-synuclein was present on punctate structures that co-stained with markers for α-granules and lysosomes and in a cytoplasmic pool. We analyzed the phenotype of α-synuclein-/- mice and their platelets. Platelets from knockout mice had a mild, agonist-dependent secretion defect but aggregation and spreading in vitro were unaffected. Consistently, thrombosis/hemostasis were unaffected in the tail-bleeding, FeCl3 carotid injury and jugular vein puncture models. None of the platelet secretory machinery examined, e.g. the v-SNAREs, were affected by α-synuclein's loss. The results indicate that, despite its abundance, α-synuclein has only a limited role in platelet function and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harry Chanzu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Present address: GenScript USA Inc., 860 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hammodah R. Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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8
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Joshi S, Prakhya KS, Smith AN, Chanzu H, Zhang M, Whiteheart SW. The complementary roles of VAMP-2, -3, and -7 in platelet secretion and function. Platelets 2023; 34:2237114. [PMID: 37545110 PMCID: PMC10564522 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2237114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet secretion requires Soluble N-ethylmaleimide Sensitive Attachment Protein Receptors (SNAREs). Vesicle SNAREs/Vesicle-Associated Membrane Proteins (v-SNAREs/VAMPs) on granules and t-SNAREs in plasma membranes mediate granule release. Platelet VAMP heterogeneity has complicated the assessment of how/if each is used and affects hemostasis. To address the importance of VAMP-7 (V7), we analyzed mice with global deletions of V3 and V7 together or platelet-specific deletions of V2, V3, and global deletion of V7. We measured the kinetics of cargo release, and its effects on three injury models to define the context-specific roles of these VAMPs. Loss of V7 minimally affected dense and α granule release but did affect lysosomal release. V3-/-7-/- and V2Δ3Δ7-/- platelets showed partial defects in α and lysosomal release; dense granule secretion was unaffected. In vivo assays showed that loss of V2, V3, and V7 caused no bleeding or occlusive thrombosis. These data indicate a role for V7 in lysosome release that is partially compensated by V3. V7 and V3, together, contribute to α granule release, however none of these deletions affected hemostasis/thrombosis. Our results confirm the dominance of V8. When it is present, deletion of V2, V3, or V7 alone or in combination minimally affects platelet secretion and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Alexis N. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Harry Chanzu
- GenScript USA Inc., 860 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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9
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Alfar HR, Pariser DN, Chanzu H, Joshi S, Coenen DM, Lykins J, Prakhya KS, Potash MJ, Chao W, Kelschenbach J, Volsky DJ, Metcalf-Pate K, Whiteheart SW. Protocol for optimizing production and quality control of infective EcoHIV virions. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102368. [PMID: 37342907 PMCID: PMC10511864 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
EcoHIV is a model of HIV infection that recapitulates aspects of HIV-1 pathology in mice. However, there are limited published protocols to guide EcoHIV virion production. Here, we present a protocol for producing infective EcoHIV virions and essential quality controls. We describe steps for viral purification, titering, and multiple techniques to analyze infection efficacy. This protocol produces high infectivity in C57BL/6 mice which will aid investigators in generating preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammodah R Alfar
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Daphne N Pariser
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Comparative Medicine, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Harry Chanzu
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Daniëlle M Coenen
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Joshua Lykins
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Mary Jane Potash
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wei Chao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer Kelschenbach
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kelly Metcalf-Pate
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Comparative Medicine, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Zhang Z, Dai W, Zhu W, Rodriguez M, Lund H, Xia Y, Chen Y, Rau M, Schneider EA, Graham MB, Jobe S, Wang D, Cui W, Wen R, Whiteheart SW, Wood JP, Silverstein R, Berger JS, Kreuziger LB, Barrett TJ, Zheng Z. Plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator is associated with lipoprotein(a) and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:102164. [PMID: 37680312 PMCID: PMC10480648 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of thrombosis and thromboembolism, but the underlying mechanism(s) remain to be fully elucidated. In patients with COVID-19, high lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is positively associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease. Lp(a), composed of an apoB-containing particle and apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), inhibits the key fibrinolytic enzyme, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). However, whether the higher Lp(a) associates with lower tPA activity, the longitudinal changes of these parameters in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and their correlation with clinical outcomes are unknown. Objectives To assess if Lp(a) associates with lower tPA activity in COVID-19 patients, and how in COVID-19 populations Lp(a) and tPA change post infection. Methods Endogenous tPA enzymatic activity, tPA or Lp(a) concentration were measured in plasma from hospitalized patients with and without COVID-19. The association between plasma tPA and adverse clinical outcomes was assessed. Results In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found lower tPA enzymatic activity and higher plasma Lp(a) than that in non-COVID-19 controls. During hospitalization, Lp(a) increased and tPA activity decreased, which associates with mortality. Among those who survived, Lp(a) decreased and tPA enzymatic activity increased during recovery. In patients with COVID-19, tPA activity is inversely correlated with tPA concentrations, thus, in another larger COVID-19 cohort, we utilized plasma tPA concentration as a surrogate to inversely reflect tPA activity. The tPA concentration was positively associated with death, disease severity, plasma inflammatory, and prothrombotic markers, and with length of hospitalization among those who were discharged. Conclusion High Lp(a) concentration provides a possible explanation for low endogenous tPA enzymatic activity, and poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wen Dai
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wen Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maya Rodriguez
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Diversity Summer Health-Related Research Education Program (DSHREP), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hayley Lund
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yuhe Xia
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary Rau
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ellen Anje Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary Beth Graham
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shawn Jobe
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Bleeding and Clotting Disorders, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Demin Wang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Renren Wen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Roy Silverstein
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Berger
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Baumann Kreuziger
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tessa J. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Horwitz LI, Thaweethai T, Brosnahan SB, Cicek MS, Fitzgerald ML, Goldman JD, Hess R, Hodder SL, Jacoby VL, Jordan MR, Krishnan JA, Laiyemo AO, Metz TD, Nichols L, Patzer RE, Sekar A, Singer NG, Stiles LE, Taylor BS, Ahmed S, Algren HA, Anglin K, Aponte-Soto L, Ashktorab H, Bassett IV, Bedi B, Bhadelia N, Bime C, Bind MAC, Black LJ, Blomkalns AL, Brim H, Castro M, Chan J, Charney AW, Chen BK, Chen LQ, Chen P, Chestek D, Chibnik LB, Chow DC, Chu HY, Clifton RG, Collins S, Costantine MM, Cribbs SK, Deeks SG, Dickinson JD, Donohue SE, Durstenfeld MS, Emery IF, Erlandson KM, Facelli JC, Farah-Abraham R, Finn AV, Fischer MS, Flaherman VJ, Fleurimont J, Fonseca V, Gallagher EJ, Gander JC, Gennaro ML, Gibson KS, Go M, Goodman SN, Granger JP, Greenway FL, Hafner JW, Han JE, Harkins MS, Hauser KSP, Heath JR, Hernandez CR, Ho O, Hoffman MK, Hoover SE, Horowitz CR, Hsu H, Hsue PY, Hughes BL, Jagannathan P, James JA, John J, Jolley S, Judd SE, Juskowich JJ, Kanjilal DG, Karlson EW, Katz SD, Kelly JD, Kelly SW, Kim AY, Kirwan JP, Knox KS, Kumar A, Lamendola-Essel MF, Lanca M, Lee-lannotti JK, Lefebvre RC, Levy BD, Lin JY, Logarbo BP, Logue JK, Longo MT, Luciano CA, Lutrick K, Malakooti SK, Mallett G, Maranga G, Marathe JG, Marconi VC, Marshall GD, Martin CF, Martin JN, May HT, McComsey GA, McDonald D, Mendez-Figueroa H, Miele L, Mittleman MA, Mohandas S, Mouchati C, Mullington JM, Nadkarni GN, Nahin ER, Neuman RB, Newman LT, Nguyen A, Nikolich JZ, Ofotokun I, Ogbogu PU, Palatnik A, Palomares KTS, Parimon T, Parry S, Parthasarathy S, Patterson TF, Pearman A, Peluso MJ, Pemu P, Pettker CM, Plunkett BA, Pogreba-Brown K, Poppas A, Porterfield JZ, Quigley JG, Quinn DK, Raissy H, Rebello CJ, Reddy UM, Reece R, Reeder HT, Rischard FP, Rosas JM, Rosen CJ, Rouphael NG, Rouse DJ, Ruff AM, Saint Jean C, Sandoval GJ, Santana JL, Schlater SM, Sciurba FC, Selvaggi C, Seshadri S, Sesso HD, Shah DP, Shemesh E, Sherif ZA, Shinnick DJ, Simhan HN, Singh U, Sowles A, Subbian V, Sun J, Suthar MS, Teunis LJ, Thorp JM, Ticotsky A, Tita ATN, Tragus R, Tuttle KR, Urdaneta AE, Utz PJ, VanWagoner TM, Vasey A, Vernon SD, Vidal C, Walker T, Ward HD, Warren DE, Weeks RM, Weiner SJ, Weyer JC, Wheeler JL, Whiteheart SW, Wiley Z, Williams NJ, Wisnivesky JP, Wood JC, Yee LM, Young NM, Zisis SN, Foulkes AS. Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) adult study protocol: Rationale, objectives, and design. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286297. [PMID: 37352211 PMCID: PMC10289397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in ongoing, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects after the acute phase of infection; termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID. The characteristics, prevalence, trajectory and mechanisms of PASC are ill-defined. The objectives of the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Multi-site Observational Study of PASC in Adults (RECOVER-Adult) are to: (1) characterize PASC prevalence; (2) characterize the symptoms, organ dysfunction, natural history, and distinct phenotypes of PASC; (3) identify demographic, social and clinical risk factors for PASC onset and recovery; and (4) define the biological mechanisms underlying PASC pathogenesis. METHODS RECOVER-Adult is a combined prospective/retrospective cohort currently planned to enroll 14,880 adults aged ≥18 years. Eligible participants either must meet WHO criteria for suspected, probable, or confirmed infection; or must have evidence of no prior infection. Recruitment occurs at 86 sites in 33 U.S. states, Washington, DC and Puerto Rico, via facility- and community-based outreach. Participants complete quarterly questionnaires about symptoms, social determinants, vaccination status, and interim SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, participants contribute biospecimens and undergo physical and laboratory examinations at approximately 0, 90 and 180 days from infection or negative test date, and yearly thereafter. Some participants undergo additional testing based on specific criteria or random sampling. Patient representatives provide input on all study processes. The primary study outcome is onset of PASC, measured by signs and symptoms. A paradigm for identifying PASC cases will be defined and updated using supervised and unsupervised learning approaches with cross-validation. Logistic regression and proportional hazards regression will be conducted to investigate associations between risk factors, onset, and resolution of PASC symptoms. DISCUSSION RECOVER-Adult is the first national, prospective, longitudinal cohort of PASC among US adults. Results of this study are intended to inform public health, spur clinical trials, and expand treatment options. REGISTRATION NCT05172024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora I. Horwitz
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tanayott Thaweethai
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shari B. Brosnahan
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mine S. Cicek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Fitzgerald
- Patient Led Research Collaboration on COVID-19, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jason D. Goldman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Providence Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hess
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - S. L. Hodder
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vanessa L. Jacoby
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Jordan
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jerry A. Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Adeyinka O. Laiyemo
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Torri D. Metz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lauren Nichols
- Body Politic COVID-19 Support Group, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Patzer
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Health Services Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anisha Sekar
- Patient Led Research Collaboration on COVID-19, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nora G. Singer
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, The MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Stiles
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shifa Ahmed
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Algren
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Providence Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Khamal Anglin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco Institute of Global Health Sciences, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Aponte-Soto
- College of Science and Health, Department of Health Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ingrid V. Bassett
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brahmchetna Bedi
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nahid Bhadelia
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Marie-Abele C. Bind
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lora J. Black
- Department of Clinical Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Andra L. Blomkalns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - James Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander W. Charney
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin K. Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Li Qing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Chestek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lori B. Chibnik
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dominic C. Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- Department of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rebecca G. Clifton
- Department of Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Shelby Collins
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maged M. Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sushma K. Cribbs
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John D. Dickinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Donohue
- Department of Research Services, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Durstenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology at Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ivette F. Emery
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Kristine M. Erlandson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Facelli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Rachael Farah-Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aloke V. Finn
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melinda S. Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Valerie J. Flaherman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judes Fleurimont
- Mile Square Health Center, University of Illinois Chicago, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vivian Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Emily J. Gallagher
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C. Gander
- Center for Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Gibson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Minjoung Go
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Steven N. Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joey P. Granger
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Frank L. Greenway
- Clinical Trials, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - John W. Hafner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jenny E. Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michelle S. Harkins
- Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico, Health Science Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kristine S. P. Hauser
- Clinical Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James R. Heath
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carla R. Hernandez
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - On Ho
- Seattle Children’s Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew K. Hoffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Care Health Services, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Hoover
- Department of Clinical Research, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Carol R. Horowitz
- Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Harvey Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Y. Hsue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brenna L. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Department of Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Janice John
- Department of Family Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah Jolley
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - S. E. Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joy J. Juskowich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Diane G. Kanjilal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth W. Karlson
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart D. Katz
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sara W. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics & Department of Research Services, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arthur Y. Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Department Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S. Knox
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andre Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Margaret Lanca
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joyce K. Lee-lannotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - R. Craig Lefebvre
- Communications Practice Area, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janet Y. Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Logarbo
- Tulane Center for Clinical Research, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Logue
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michele T. Longo
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Luciano
- Department of Neurology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Karen Lutrick
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Arizona, College of Medicine – Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shahdi K. Malakooti
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gail Mallett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Maranga
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jai G. Marathe
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Department of Global Health, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gailen D. Marshall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Christopher F. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Heidi T. May
- Department of Cardiology, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Grace A. McComsey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dylan McDonald
- Department of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hector Mendez-Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sindhu Mohandas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Mouchati
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Janet M. Mullington
- Department of Neurology and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Girish N. Nadkarni
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Erica R. Nahin
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Neuman
- Division of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa T. Newman
- Department of Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amber Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Janko Z. Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Igho Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Princess U. Ogbogu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna Palatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristy T. S. Palomares
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sairam Parthasarathy
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Thomas F. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ann Pearman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Pemu
- Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christian M. Pettker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Beth A. Plunkett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Athena Poppas
- Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - J. Zachary Porterfield
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - John G. Quigley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Hengameh Raissy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Candida J. Rebello
- Department of Nutrition and Chronic Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Uma M. Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Reece
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Harrison T. Reeder
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Franz P. Rischard
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Johana M. Rosas
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Nadine G. Rouphael
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dwight J. Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Ruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - Christina Saint Jean
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Grecio J. Sandoval
- Department of Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jorge L. Santana
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Schlater
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Sciurba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Selvaggi
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dimpy P. Shah
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eyal Shemesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zaki A. Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Shinnick
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hyagriv N. Simhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Upinder Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Amber Sowles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Vignesh Subbian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona College of Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Larissa J. Teunis
- Health Services Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John M. Thorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amberly Ticotsky
- Department of Family Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alan T. N. Tita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robin Tragus
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katherine R. Tuttle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alfredo E. Urdaneta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - P. J. Utz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. VanWagoner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andrew Vasey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Suzanne D. Vernon
- Department of Research, Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Crystal Vidal
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Walker
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Honorine D. Ward
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David E. Warren
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Weeks
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Weiner
- Department of Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jordan C. Weyer
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Wheeler
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Zanthia Wiley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Natasha J. Williams
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Juan P. Wisnivesky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John C. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lynn M. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Natalie M. Young
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Providence Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sokratis N. Zisis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrea S. Foulkes
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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12
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Joshi S, Smith AN, Prakhya KS, Alfar HR, Lykins J, Zhang M, Pokrovskaya I, Aronova M, Leapman RD, Storrie B, Whiteheart SW. Ferric Chloride-Induced Arterial Thrombosis and Sample Collection for 3D Electron Microscopy Analysis. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64985. [PMID: 37010311 PMCID: PMC11042049 DOI: 10.3791/64985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Aberrant thrombosis is a common feature of systemic conditions like diabetes and obesity, and chronic inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Upon vascular injury, usually the coagulation system, platelets, and endothelium act in an orchestrated manner to prevent bleeding by forming a clot at the site of the injury. Abnormalities in this process lead to either excessive bleeding or uncontrolled thrombosis/insufficient antithrombotic activity, which translates into vessel occlusion and its sequelae. The FeCl3-induced carotid injury model is a valuable tool in probing how thrombosis initiates and progresses in vivo. This model involves endothelial damage/denudation and subsequent clot formation at the injured site. It provides a highly sensitive, quantitative assay to monitor vascular damage and clot formation in response to different degrees of vascular damage. Once optimized, this standard technique can be used to study the molecular mechanisms underlying thrombosis, as well as the ultrastructural changes in platelets in a growing thrombus. This assay is also useful to study the efficacy of antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents. This article explains how to initiate and monitor FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis and how to collect samples for analysis by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky;
| | - Alexis N Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | | | - Hammodah R Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | - Joshua Lykins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Maria Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
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13
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Parise LV, Coller BS, Whiteheart SW, Patterson C. Susan S. Smyth (1965-2022). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:385-387. [PMID: 36794586 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie V Parise
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (L.V.P.)
| | | | | | - Cam Patterson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (C.P.)
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14
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Sim MM, Banerjee M, Myint T, Garvy BA, Whiteheart SW, Wood JP. Total Plasma Protein S Is a Prothrombotic Marker in People Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 90:463-471. [PMID: 35616596 PMCID: PMC9246910 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 infection is associated with multiple procoagulant changes and increased thrombotic risk. Possible mechanisms for this risk include heigthened expression of procoagulant tissue factor (TF) on circulating monocytes, extracellular vesicles, and viral particles and/or acquired deficiency of protein S (PS), a critical cofactor for the anticoagulant protein C (PC). PS deficiency occurs in up to 76% of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). As increased ex vivo plasma thrombin generation is a strong predictor of mortality, we investigated whether PS and plasma TF are associated with plasma thrombin generation. METHODS We analyzed plasma samples from 9 healthy controls, 17 PLWH on first diagnosis (naive), and 13 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Plasma thrombin generation, total and free PS, PC, C4b-binding protein, and TF activity were measured. RESULTS We determined that the plasma thrombin generation assay is insensitive to PS, because of a lack of PC activation, and developed a modified PS-sensitive assay. Total plasma PS was reduced in 58% of the naive and 38% of the ART-treated PLWH samples and correlated with increased thrombin generation in the modified assay. Conversely, plasma TF was not increased in our patient population, suggesting that it does not significantly contribute to ex vivo plasma thrombin generation. CONCLUSION These data suggest that reduced total plasma PS contributes to the thrombotic risk associated with HIV-1 infection and can serve as a prothrombotic biomarker. In addition, our refined thrombin generation assay offers a more sensitive tool to assess the functional consequences of acquired PS deficiency in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M.S. Sim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Thein Myint
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Bluegrass Care Clinic, Kentucky Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Beth A. Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY
| | - Jeremy P. Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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15
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Prakhya KS, Luo Y, Adkins J, Hu X, Wang QJ, Whiteheart SW. A sensitive and adaptable method to measure platelet-fibrin clot contraction kinetics. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12755. [PMID: 35873218 PMCID: PMC9301529 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet‐fibrin clot contraction is critical for wound closure and maintenance of vessel patency, yet a molecular understanding of the process has lagged because of a lack of flexible quantitative assay systems capable of assaying multiple samples simultaneously. Objectives We devised a sensitive and inexpensive method to assess clot contraction kinetics under multiple conditions. Methods Clot contraction was measured using time‐lapse digital photography, automated image processing with customized software, and detailed kinetic analysis using available commercial programs. Results Our system was responsive to alterations in platelet counts and calcium, fibrinogen, and thrombin concentrations, and our analysis detected and defined three phases of platelet‐fibrin clot formation: initiation, contraction, and stabilization. Lag time, average contraction velocity, contraction extent, and area under the curve were readily calculated from the data. Using pharmacological agents (blebbistatin and eptifibatide), we confirmed the importance of myosin IIA and the interactions of integrin αIIbβ3‐fibrinogen/fibrin in clot contraction. As further proof of our system's utility, we showed how 2‐deoxyglucose affects contraction, demonstrating the importance of platelet bioenergetics, specifically glycolysis. Conclusions Our system is an adaptable platform for assessing the effects of multiple conditions and interventions on clot contraction kinetics in a regular laboratory setting, using readily available materials. The automated image processing software we developed will be made freely available for noncommercial uses. This assay system can be used to directly compare and define the effects of different treatments or genetic manipulations on platelet function and should provide a robust tool for future hemostasis/thrombosis research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Luo
- Gliasoft Milpitas California USA
| | - John Adkins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | | | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
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16
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Whiteheart SW. Platelet-HIV: interactions and their implications. Platelets 2022; 33:208-211. [PMID: 35086429 PMCID: PMC8881393 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2019695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While it is clear that platelets interact with viruses, the ramifications and mechanisms of those interactions are still being defined for each type of viral infection. HIV/AIDS+ represents a potentially unique example of how viremia affects platelets since the increasing efficacy of antiretroviral therapeutics (ART) has made it a chronic disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this opinion article, we discuss some of the open questions about how platelets interact with HIV. What happens to a virion once it binds a platelet? What is the nature of virus-induced platelet activation? Are platelets a normal part of the immune response to viremia that has been co-opted to increase the spread of HIV? The answers to these and similar questions will help define how platelet-directed therapeutics might be used in treating HIV/AIDS+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington KY, USA,Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA,To whom correspondence should be directed: Sidney W. Whiteheart, Ph.D., Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, B361 BBSRB, 741 S Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA, Tel: 859-257-4882, Fax: 859-257-2283,
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17
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Chanzu H, Lykins J, Wigna-Kumar S, Joshi S, Pokrovskaya I, Storrie B, Pejler G, Wood JP, Whiteheart SW. Platelet α-granule cargo packaging and release are affected by the luminal proteoglycan, serglycin. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1082-1095. [PMID: 33448622 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serglycin (SRGN) is an intragranular, sulfated proteoglycan in hematopoietic cells that affects granule composition and function. OBJECTIVE To understand how SRGN affects platelet granule packaging, cargo release, and extra-platelet microenvironments. METHODS Platelets and megakaryocytes from SRGN-/- mice were assayed for secretion kinetics, cargo levels, granule morphology upon activation, and receptor shedding. RESULTS Metabolic, 35 SO4 labeling identified SRGN as a major sulfated macromolecule in megakaryocytes. SRGN colocalized with α-granule markers (platelet factor 4 [PF4], von Willebrand factor [VWF], and P-selectin), but its deletion did not affect α-granule morphology or number. Platelet α-granule composition was altered, with a reduction in basic proteins (pI ≥8; e.g., PF4, SDF-1, angiogenin) and constitutive release of PF4 from SRGN-/- megakaryocytes. P-Selectin, VWF, and fibrinogen were unaffected. Serotonin (5-HT) uptake and β-hexosaminidase (HEXB) were slightly elevated. Thrombin-induced exocytosis of PF4 from platelets was defective; however, release of RANTES/CCL5 was normal and osteopontin secretion was more rapid. Release of 5-HT and HEXB (from dense granules and lysosomes, respectively) were unaffected. Ultrastructural studies showed distinct morphologies in activated platelets. The α-granule lumen of SRGN-/- platelet had a grainy staining pattern, whereas that of wild-type granules had only fibrous material remaining. α-Granule swelling and decondensation were reduced in SRGN-/- platelets. Upon stimulation of platelets, a SRGN/PF4 complex was released in a time- and agonist-dependent manner. Shedding of GPVI from SRGN-/- platelets was modestly enhanced. Shedding of GP1b was unaffected. CONCLUSION The polyanionic proteoglycan SRGN influences α-granule packaging, cargo release, and shedding of platelet membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Chanzu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joshua Lykins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Subershan Wigna-Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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18
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Hubbard WB, Banerjee M, Vekaria H, Prakhya KS, Joshi S, Wang QJ, Saatman KE, Whiteheart SW, Sullivan PG. Differential Leukocyte and Platelet Profiles in Distinct Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030500. [PMID: 33652745 PMCID: PMC7996744 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 3 million individuals every year in the U.S. There is growing appreciation that TBI can produce systemic modifications, which are in part propagated through blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and blood–brain cell interactions. As such, platelets and leukocytes contribute to mechanisms of thromboinflammation after TBI. While these mechanisms have been investigated in experimental models of contusion brain injury, less is known regarding acute alterations following mild closed head injury. To investigate the role of platelet dynamics and bioenergetics after TBI, we employed two distinct, well-established models of TBI in mice: the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of contusion brain injury and the closed head injury (CHI) model of mild diffuse brain injury. Hematology parameters, platelet-neutrophil aggregation, and platelet respirometry were assessed acutely after injury. CCI resulted in an early drop in blood leukocyte counts, while CHI increased blood leukocyte counts early after injury. Platelet-neutrophil aggregation was altered acutely after CCI compared to sham. Furthermore, platelet bioenergetic coupling efficiency was transiently reduced at 6 h and increased at 24 h post-CCI. After CHI, oxidative phosphorylation in intact platelets was reduced at 6 h and increased at 24 h compared to sham. Taken together, these data demonstrate that brain trauma initiates alterations in platelet-leukocyte dynamics and platelet metabolism, which may be time- and injury-dependent, providing evidence that platelets carry a peripheral signature of brain injury. The unique trend of platelet bioenergetics after two distinct types of TBI suggests the potential for utilization in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (W.B.H.); (H.V.); (K.E.S.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA;
| | - Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (M.B.); (K.S.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Hemendra Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (W.B.H.); (H.V.); (K.E.S.)
| | | | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (M.B.); (K.S.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (W.B.H.); (H.V.); (K.E.S.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (M.B.); (K.S.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (W.B.H.); (H.V.); (K.E.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-859-323-4684
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19
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Xiang B, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wu C, Joshi S, Morris AJ, Ware J, Smyth SS, Whiteheart SW, Li Z. Calcium Ion Chelation Preserves Platelet Function During Cold Storage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:234-249. [PMID: 33176450 PMCID: PMC8158249 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet transfusion is a life-saving therapy to prevent or treat bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. However, for >6 decades, safe and effective strategies for platelet storage have been an impediment to widespread use of platelet transfusion. Refrigerated platelets are cleared rapidly from circulation, precluding cold storage of platelets for transfusion. Consequently, platelets are stored at room temperature with an upper limit of 5 days due to risks of bacterial contamination and loss of platelet function. This practice severely limits platelet availability for transfusion. This study is to identify the mechanism of platelet clearance after cold storage and develop a method for platelet cold storage. Approach and Results: We found that rapid clearance of cold-stored platelets was largely due to integrin activation and apoptosis. Deficiency of integrin β3 or caspase-3 prolonged cold-stored platelets in circulation. Pretreatment of platelets with EGTA, a cell impermeable calcium ion chelator, reversely inhibited cold storage-induced platelet activation and consequently prolonged circulation of cold-stored platelets. Moreover, transfusion of EGTA-treated, cold-stored platelets, but not room temperature-stored platelets, into the mice deficient in glycoprotein Ibα significantly shortened tail-bleeding times and diminished blood loss. CONCLUSIONS Integrin activation and apoptosis is the underlying mechanism of rapid clearance of platelets after cold storage. Addition of a cell impermeable calcium ion chelator to platelet products is potentially a simple and effective method to enable cold storage of platelets for transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Xiang
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Congqing Wu
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jerry Ware
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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20
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Pokrovskaya I, Tobin M, Desai R, Aronova MA, Kamykowski JA, Zhang G, Joshi S, Whiteheart SW, Leapman RD, Storrie B. Structural analysis of resting mouse platelets by 3D-EM reveals an unexpected variation in α-granule shape. Platelets 2020; 32:608-617. [PMID: 32815431 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1799970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mice and mouse platelets are major experimental models for hemostasis and thrombosis; however, important physiological data from this model has received little to no quantitative, 3D ultrastructural analysis. We used state-of-the-art, serial block imaging scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM, nominal Z-step size was 35 nm) to image resting platelets from C57BL/6 mice. α-Granules were identified morphologically and rendered in 3D space. The quantitative analysis revealed that mouse α-granules typically had a variable, elongated, rod shape, different from the round/ovoid shape of human α-granules. This variation in length was confirmed qualitatively by higher-resolution, focused ion beam (FIB) SEM at a nominal 5 nm Z-step size. The unexpected α-granule shape raises novel questions regarding α-granule biogenesis and dynamics. Does the variation arise at the level of the megakaryocyte and α-granule biogenesis or from differences in α-granule dynamics and organelle fusion/fission events within circulating platelets? Further quantitative analysis revealed that the two major organelles in circulating platelets, α-granules and mitochondria, displayed a stronger linear relationship between organelle number/volume and platelet size, i.e., a scaling in number and volume to platelet size, than found in human platelets suggestive of a tighter mechanistic regulation of their inclusion during platelet biogenesis. In conclusion, the overall spatial arrangement of organelles within mouse platelets was similar to that of resting human platelets, with mouse α-granules clustered closely together with little space for interdigitation of other organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael Tobin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rohan Desai
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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21
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Banerjee M, Huang Y, Joshi S, Popa GJ, Mendenhall MD, Wang QJ, Garvy BA, Myint T, Whiteheart SW. Platelets Endocytose Viral Particles and Are Activated via TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1635-1650. [PMID: 32434410 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombocytopenia is associated with many viral infections suggesting virions interact with and affect platelets. Consistently, viral particles are seen inside platelets, and platelet activation markers are detected in viremic patients. In this article, we sought mechanistic insights into these virion/platelet interactions by examining how platelets endocytose, traffic, and are activated by a model virion. Approach and Results: Using fluorescently tagged HIV-1 pseudovirions, 3-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, and transgenic mouse models, we probed the interactions between platelets and virions. Mouse platelets used known endocytic machinery, that is, dynamin, VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-3, and Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), to take up and traffic HIV-1 pseudovirions. Endocytosed HIV-1 pseudovirions trafficked through early (Rab4+) and late endosomes (Rab7+), and then to an LC3+ (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) compartment. Incubation with virions induced IRAK4 (interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4), Akt (protein kinase B), and IKK (IκB kinase) activation, granule secretion, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation. This activation required TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88) but was less extensive and slower than activation with thrombin. In vivo, HIV-1 pseudovirions injection led to virion uptake and platelet activation, as measured by IKK activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and mild thrombocytopenia. All were decreased in VAMP-3-/- and, megakaryocyte/platelet-specific, Arf6-/- mice. Similar platelet activation profiles (increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates, plasma platelet factor 4, and phospho-IκBα) were detected in newly diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy-controlled HIV-1+ patients. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data provide mechanistic insights into the cell biology of how platelets endocytose and process virions. We propose a mechanism by which platelets sample the circulation and respond to potential pathogens that they take up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (M.B., S.J., G.J.P., M.D.M., S.W.W.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Yunjie Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (Y.H.)
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (M.B., S.J., G.J.P., M.D.M., S.W.W.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Lexington VA Health Care System, KY (S.J., S.W.W.)
| | - Gabriel J Popa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (M.B., S.J., G.J.P., M.D.M., S.W.W.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Michael D Mendenhall
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (M.B., S.J., G.J.P., M.D.M., S.W.W.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (Q.J.W.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Beth A Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics (B.A.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Thein Myint
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bluegrass Care Clinic, Kentucky Clinic (T.M.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (M.B., S.J., G.J.P., M.D.M., S.W.W.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Lexington VA Health Care System, KY (S.J., S.W.W.)
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22
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Sim MM, Li X, Bidarian SJ, Song X, Banerjee M, Myint T, Whiteheart SW, Wood JP. A Refined Plasma Thrombin Generation Assay Identifies Functional Importance of the First Two EGF‐like Domains of the Anticoagulant Protein S. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Smith AN, Joshi S, Whiteheart SW. α‐Synuclein’s Role in Platelet Exocytosis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Pokrovskaya ID, Tobin M, Desai R, Joshi S, Kamykowski JA, Zhang G, Aronova MA, Whiteheart SW, Leapman RD, Storrie B. Canalicular system reorganization during mouse platelet activation as revealed by 3D ultrastructural analysis. Platelets 2020; 32:97-104. [PMID: 32000578 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1719993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The canalicular system (CS) has been defined as: 1) an inward, invaginated membrane connector that supports entry into and exit from the platelet; 2) a static structure stable during platelet isolation; and 3) the major source of plasma membrane (PM) for surface area expansion during activation. Recent analysis from STEM tomography and serial block face electron microscopy has challenged the relative importance of CS as the route for granule secretion. Here, We used 3D ultrastructural imaging to reexamine the CS in mouse platelets by generating high-resolution 3D reconstructions to test assumptions 2 and 3. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of whole platelet reconstructions, obtained from immediately fixed or washed platelets fixed post-washing, indicated that CS, even in the presence of activation inhibitors, reorganized during platelet isolation to generate a more interconnected network. Further, CS redistribution into the PM at different times, post-activation, appeared to account for only about half the PM expansion seen in thrombin-activated platelets, in vitro, suggesting that CS reorganization is not sufficient to serve as a dominant membrane reservoir for activated platelets. In sum, our analysis highlights the need to revisit past assumptions about the platelet CS to better understand how this membrane system contributes to platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael Tobin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rohan Desai
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kamykowski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Richard D Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, NIBIB, NIH , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR, USA
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25
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Butler CR, Boychuk JA, Pomerleau F, Alcala R, Huettl P, Ai Y, Jakobsson J, Whiteheart SW, Gerhardt GA, Smith BN, Slevin JT. Modulation of epileptogenesis: A paradigm for the integration of enzyme-based microelectrode arrays and optogenetics. Epilepsy Res 2019; 159:106244. [PMID: 31816591 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genesis of acquired epilepsy includes transformations spanning genetic-to- network-level modifications, disrupting the regional excitatory/inhibitory balance. Methodology concurrently tracking changes at multiple levels is lacking. Here, viral vectors are used to differentially express two opsin proteins in neuronal populations within dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus. When activated, these opsins induced excitatory or inhibitory neural output that differentially affected neural networks and epileptogenesis. In vivo measures included behavioral observation coupled to real-time measures of regional glutamate flux using ceramic-based amperometric microelectrode arrays (MEAs). RESULTS Using MEA technology, phasic increases of extracellular glutamate were recorded immediately upon application of blue light/488 nm to DG of rats previously transfected with an AAV 2/5 vector containing an (excitatory) channelrhodopsin-2 transcript. Rats receiving twice-daily 30-sec light stimulation to DG ipsilateral to viral transfection progressed through Racine seizure stages. AAV 2/5 (inhibitory) halorhodopsin-transfected rats receiving concomitant amygdalar kindling and DG light stimuli were kindled significantly more slowly than non-stimulated controls. In in vitro slice preparations, both excitatory and inhibitory responses were independently evoked in dentate granule cells during appropriate light stimulation. Latency to response and sensitivity of responses suggest a degree of neuron subtype-selective functional expression of the transcripts. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential for coupling MEA technology and optogenetics for real-time neurotransmitter release measures and modification of seizure susceptibility in animal models of epileptogenesis. This microelectrode/optogenetic technology could prove useful for characterization of network and system level dysfunction in diseases involving imbalanced excitatory/inhibitory control of neuron populations and guide development of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corwin R Butler
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States
| | - Jeffery A Boychuk
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States
| | - Francois Pomerleau
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Brain Restoration Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40356, United States
| | - Ramona Alcala
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States
| | - Peter Huettl
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Brain Restoration Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40356, United States
| | - Yi Ai
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Wallenburg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States
| | - Greg A Gerhardt
- Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Brain Restoration Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40356, United States
| | - Bret N Smith
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States
| | - John T Slevin
- Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States; Brain Restoration Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40356, United States.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingjun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
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27
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Chow KM, Whiteheart SW, Smiley JR, Sharma S, Boaz K, Coleman MJ, Maynard A, Hersh LB, Vander Kooi CW. Immunization of Alpacas (Lama pacos) with Protein Antigens and Production of Antigen-specific Single Domain Antibodies. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30741259 DOI: 10.3791/58471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, a method for the immunization of alpaca and the use of molecular biology methods to produce antigen-specific single domain antibodies is described and demonstrated. Camelids, such as alpacas and llamas, have become a valuable resource for biomedical research since they produce a novel type of heavy chain-only antibody which can be used to produce single domain antibodies. Because the immune system is highly flexible, single domain antibodies can be made to many different protein antigens, and even different conformations of the antigen, with a very high degree of specificity. These features, among others, make single domain antibodies an invaluable tool for biomedical research. A method for the production of single domain antibodies from alpacas is reported. A protocol for immunization, blood collection, and B-cell isolation is described. The B-cells are used for the construction of an immunized library, which is used in the selection of specific single domain antibodies via panning. Putative specific single domain antibodies obtained via panning are confirmed by pull-down, ELISA, or gel-shift assays. The resulting single domain antibodies can then be used either directly or as a part of an engineered reagent. The uses of single domain antibody and single domain antibody-based regents include structural, biochemical, cellular, in vivo, and therapeutic applications. Single domain antibodies can be produced in large quantities as recombinant proteins in prokaryotic expression systems, purified, and used directly or can be engineered to contain specific markers or tags that can be used as reporters in cellular studies or in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Martin Chow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | - Savita Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
| | - Kathy Boaz
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | - Louis B Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky
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28
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Abstract
Anucleate platelets are produced by fragmentation of megakaryocytes. Platelets circulate in the bloodstream for a finite period: upon vessel injury, they are activated to participate in hemostasis; upon senescence, unused platelets are cleared. Platelet hypofunction leads to bleeding. Conversely, pathogenic platelet activation leads to occlusive events that precipitate strokes and heart attacks. Recently, we and others have shown that autophagy occurs in platelets and is important for platelet production and normal functions including hemostasis and thrombosis. Due to the unique properties of platelets, such as their lack of nuclei and their propensity for activation, methods for studying platelet autophagy must be specifically tailored. Here, we describe useful methods for examining autophagy in both human and mouse platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yunjie Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Madhu M Ouseph
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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29
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Tichacek L, Whiteheart SW. The Role of Platelet Syntaxins in Endocytosis. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.lb187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Chen J, Zhu H, Whiteheart SW. Dynamic cycling of t-SNARE acylation regulates platelet exocytosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3593-3606. [PMID: 29352103 PMCID: PMC5846156 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets regulate vascular integrity by secreting a host of molecules that promote hemostasis and its sequelae. Given the importance of platelet exocytosis, it is critical to understand how it is controlled. The t-SNAREs, SNAP-23 and syntaxin-11, lack classical transmembrane domains (TMDs), yet both are associated with platelet membranes and redistributed into cholesterol-dependent lipid rafts when platelets are activated. Using metabolic labeling and hydroxylamine (HA)/HCl treatment, we showed that both contain thioester-linked acyl groups. Mass spectrometry mapping further showed that syntaxin-11 was modified on cysteine 275, 279, 280, 282, 283, and 285, and SNAP-23 was modified on cysteine 79, 80, 83, 85, and 87. Interestingly, metabolic labeling studies showed incorporation of [3H]palmitate into the t-SNAREs increased although the protein levels were unchanged, suggesting that acylation turns over on the two t-SNAREs in resting platelets. Exogenously added fatty acids did compete with [3H]palmitate for t-SNARE labeling. To determine the effects of acylation, we measured aggregation, ADP/ATP release, as well as P-selectin exposure in platelets treated with the acyltransferase inhibitor cerulenin or the thioesterase inhibitor palmostatin B. We found that cerulenin pretreatment inhibited t-SNARE acylation and platelet function in a dose- and time-dependent manner whereas palmostatin B had no detectable effect. Interestingly, pretreatment with palmostatin B blocked the inhibitory effects of cerulenin, suggesting that maintaining the acylation state is important for platelet function. Thus, our work shows that t-SNARE acylation is actively cycling in platelets and suggests that the enzymes regulating protein acylation could be potential targets to control platelet exocytosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Yunjie Huang
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jing Chen
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Haining Zhu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Storrie
- a Department of Physiology and Biophysics , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- b Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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32
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Adili R, Voigt EM, Bormann JL, Foss KN, Hurley LJ, Meyer ES, Veldman AJ, Mast KA, West JL, Whiteheart SW, Holinstat M, Larson MK. In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi. Platelets 2017; 30:271-279. [PMID: 29286871 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1420154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are associated with a variety of cellular alterations that mitigate cardiovascular disease. However, pinpointing the positive therapeutic effects is challenging due to inconsistent clinical trial results and overly simplistic in vitro studies. Here we aimed to develop realistic models of n-3 PUFA effects on platelet function so that preclinical results can better align with and predict clinical outcomes. Human platelets incubated with the n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were stimulated with agonist combinations mirroring distinct regions of a growing thrombus. Platelet responses were then monitored in a number of ex-vivo functional assays. Furthermore, intravital microscopy was used to monitor arterial thrombosis and fibrin deposition in mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet. We found that n-3 PUFA treatment had minimal effects on many basic ex-vivo measures of platelet function using agonist combinations. However, n-3 PUFA treatment delayed platelet-derived thrombin generation in both humans and mice. This impaired thrombin production paralleled a reduced platelet accumulation within thrombi formed in either small arterioles or larger arteries of mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet, without impacting P-selectin exposure. Despite an apparent lack of robust effects in many ex-vivo assays of platelet function, increased exposure to n-3 PUFAs reduces platelet-mediated thrombin generation and attenuates elements of thrombus formation. These data support the cardioprotective value of-3 PUFAs and strongly suggest that they modify elements of platelet function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reheman Adili
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Ellen M Voigt
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Jordan L Bormann
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Kaitlynn N Foss
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Luke J Hurley
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Evan S Meyer
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Amber J Veldman
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Katherine A Mast
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Joshua L West
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- c Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Mark K Larson
- b Department of Biology , Augustana University , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
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33
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Batten SR, Matveeva EA, Whiteheart SW, Vanaman TC, Gerhardt GA, Slevin JT. Linking kindling to increased glutamate release in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus through the STXBP5/tomosyn-1 gene. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00795. [PMID: 28948088 PMCID: PMC5607557 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In kindling, repeated electrical stimulation of certain brain areas causes progressive and permanent intensification of epileptiform activity resulting in generalized seizures. We focused on the role(s) of glutamate and a negative regulator of glutamate release, STXBP5/tomosyn-1, in kindling. METHODS Stimulating electrodes were implanted in the amygdala and progression to two successive Racine stage 5 seizures was measured in wild-type and STXBP5/tomosyn-1-/- (Tom-/-) animals. Glutamate release measurements were performed in distinct brain regions using a glutamate-selective microelectrode array (MEA). RESULTS Naïve Tom-/- mice had significant increases in KCl-evoked glutamate release compared to naïve wild type as measured by MEA of presynaptic release in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Kindling progression was considerably accelerated in Tom-/- mice, requiring fewer stimuli to reach a fully kindled state. Following full kindling, MEA measurements of both kindled Tom+/+ and Tom-/- mice showed significant increases in KCl-evoked and spontaneous glutamate release in the DG, indicating a correlation with the fully kindled state independent of genotype. Resting glutamate levels in all hippocampal subregions were significantly lower in the kindled Tom-/- mice, suggesting possible changes in basal control of glutamate circuitry in the kindled Tom-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that increased glutamate release in the hippocampal DG correlates with acceleration of the kindling process. Although STXBP5/tomosyn-1 loss increased evoked glutamate release in naïve animals contributing to their prokindling phenotype, the kindling process can override any attenuating effect of STXBP5/tomosyn-1. Loss of this "braking" effect of STXBP5/tomosyn-1 on kindling progression may set in motion an alternative but ultimately equally ineffective compensatory response, detected here as reduced basal glutamate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth R. Batten
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of KentuckyCollege of Arts and SciencesLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Elena A. Matveeva
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of Kentucky Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of Kentucky Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Thomas C. Vanaman
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of Kentucky Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Greg A. Gerhardt
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Kentucky Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Kentucky Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
| | - John T. Slevin
- Neurology ServiceVeterans Affairs Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Kentucky Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Kentucky Medical CenterLexingtonKYUSA
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney W Whiteheart
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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Abstract
Secretion is essential to many of the roles that platelets play in the vasculature, e.g., thrombosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation, enabling platelets to modulate the microenvironment at sites of vascular lesions with a myriad of bioactive molecules stored in their granules. Past studies demonstrate that granule cargo release is mediated by Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins, which are required for granule-plasma membrane fusion. Several SNARE regulators, which control when, where, and how the SNAREs interact, have been identified in platelets. Additionally, platelet SNAREs are controlled by post-translational modifications, e.g., phosphorylation and acylation. Although there have been many recent insights into the mechanisms of platelet secretion, many questions remain: have we identified all the important regulators, does calcium directly control the process, and is platelet secretion polarized. In this review, we focus on the mechanics of platelet secretion and discuss how the secretory machinery functions in the pathway leading to membrane fusion and cargo release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Joshi
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Banerjee
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
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Xiang B, Zhang G, Ye S, Zhang R, Huang C, Liu J, Tao M, Ruan C, Smyth SS, Whiteheart SW, Li Z. Characterization of a Novel Integrin Binding Protein, VPS33B, Which Is Important for Platelet Activation and In Vivo Thrombosis and Hemostasis. Circulation 2015; 132:2334-44. [PMID: 26399659 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.018361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are heterodimeric (α/β) membrane proteins that play fundamental roles in many biological processes, for example, cell adhesion and spreading, which are important for platelet function and hemostasis. The molecular mechanism that regulates integrin activation is not completely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that VPS33B, a member of the Sec1/Munc18 family, binds directly to the integrin β subunit. Overexpression of VPS33B in Chinese hamster ovary cells potentiated αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling but not inside-out signaling. Platelets, from megakaryocyte- and platelet-specific VPS33B conditional knockout mice, had normal morphology, yet their spreading on fibrinogen was impaired and they failed to support clot retraction. Platelet aggregation and ATP secretion in response to low-dose agonists were reduced in the VPS33B knockout mice. αIIbβ3-mediated endocytosis of fibrinogen was also defective. Tail bleeding times and times to occlusion in an FeCl3-induced thrombosis model were prolonged in the VPS33B knockout mice. Furthermore, VPS33B acted upstream of the RhoA-ROCK-MLC and Rac1-dependent pathways that lead to clot retraction and cell spreading, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that vesicular trafficking complexes, containing VPS33B, are a novel class of modifiers of integrin function. Our data also provide insights into the molecular mechanism and treatment of arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Xiang
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Guoying Zhang
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Shaojing Ye
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Cai Huang
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Jun Liu
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Min Tao
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Susan S Smyth
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
| | - Zhenyu Li
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (B.X., G.Z., S.Y., R.Z., S.S.S., Z.L.), Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (S.Y., S.W.W.), and Markey Cancer Center (C.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale (J.L.); Department of Oncology (M.T.) and Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Department of Hematology (C.R.), First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY (S.S.S.)
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Nair-Gupta P, Baccarini A, Tung N, Seyffer F, Florey O, Huang Y, Banerjee M, Overholtzer M, Roche PA, Tampé R, Brown BD, Amsen D, Whiteheart SW, Blander JM. TLR signals induce phagosomal MHC-I delivery from the endosomal recycling compartment to allow cross-presentation. Cell 2015; 158:506-21. [PMID: 25083866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway for MHC class I (MHC-I) presentation in dendritic cells enables cross-presentation of peptides derived from phagocytosed microbes, infected cells, or tumor cells to CD8 T cells. How these peptides intersect with MHC-I molecules remains poorly understood. Here, we show that MHC-I selectively accumulate within phagosomes carrying microbial components, which engage Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Although cross-presentation requires Sec22b-mediated phagosomal recruitment of the peptide loading complex from the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), this step is independent of TLR signaling and does not deliver MHC-I. Instead, MHC-I are recruited from an endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), which is marked by Rab11a, VAMP3/cellubrevin, and VAMP8/endobrevin and holds large reserves of MHC-I. While Rab11a activity stocks ERC stores with MHC-I, MyD88-dependent TLR signals drive IκB-kinase (IKK)2-mediated phosphorylation of phagosome-associated SNAP23. Phospho-SNAP23 stabilizes SNARE complexes orchestrating ERC-phagosome fusion, enrichment of phagosomes with ERC-derived MHC-I, and subsequent cross-presentation during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nair-Gupta
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Navpreet Tung
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fabian Seyffer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence-Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Florey
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yunjie Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Cell Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence-Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brian D Brown
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - J Magarian Blander
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Ye S, Huang Y, Joshi S, Zhang J, Yang F, Zhang G, Smyth SS, Li Z, Takai Y, Whiteheart SW. Platelet secretion and hemostasis require syntaxin-binding protein STXBP5. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4517-28. [PMID: 25244094 DOI: 10.1172/jci75572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked genes encoding several soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) regulators to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Because these regulatory proteins may directly affect platelet secretion, we used SNARE-containing complexes to affinity purify potential regulators from human platelet extracts. Syntaxin-binding protein 5 (STXBP5; also known as tomosyn-1) was identified by mass spectrometry, and its expression in isolated platelets was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that STXBP5 interacts with core secretion machinery complexes, such as syntaxin-11/SNAP23 heterodimers, and fractionation studies suggested that STXBP5 also interacts with the platelet cytoskeleton. Platelets from Stxbp5 KO mice had normal expression of other key secretory components; however, stimulation-dependent secretion from each of the 3 granule types was markedly defective. Secretion defects in STXBP5-deficient platelets were confirmed via lumi-aggregometry and FACS analysis for P-selectin and LAMP-1 exposure. Interestingly, STXBP5-deficient platelets had altered granule cargo levels, despite having normal morphology and granule numbers. Consistent with secretion and cargo deficiencies, Stxbp5 KO mice showed dramatic bleeding in the tail transection model and defective hemostasis in the FeCl3-induced carotid injury model. Transplantation experiments indicated that these defects were due to loss of STXBP5 in BM-derived cells. Our data demonstrate that STXBP5 is required for normal arterial hemostasis, due to its contributions to platelet granule cargo packaging and secretion.
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Xiang B, Zhang G, Stefanini L, Bergmeier W, Gartner TK, Whiteheart SW, Li Z. The Src family kinases and protein kinase C synergize to mediate Gq-dependent platelet activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41277-87. [PMID: 23066026 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.393124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFKs) play essential roles in collagen- and von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated platelet activation. However, the roles of SFKs in G protein-coupled receptor-mediated platelet activation and the molecular mechanisms whereby SFKs are activated by G protein-coupled receptor stimulation are not fully understood. Here we show that the thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 4 agonist peptide AYPGKF elicited SFK phosphorylation in P2Y(12) deficient platelets but stimulated minimal SFK phosphorylation in platelets lacking G(q). We have previously shown that thrombin-induced SFK phosphorylation was inhibited by the calcium chelator 5,5'-dimethyl-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (dimethyl-BAPTA). The calcium ionophore A23187 induced SFK phosphorylation in both wild-type and G(q) deficient platelets. Together, these results indicate that SFK phosphorylation in response to thrombin receptor stimulation is downstream from G(q)/Ca(2+) signaling. Moreover, A23187-induced thromboxane A(2) synthesis, platelet aggregation, and secretion were inhibited by preincubation of platelets with a selective SFK inhibitor, PP2. AYPGKF-induced thromboxane A(2) production in wild-type and P2Y(12) deficient platelets was abolished by PP2, and AYPGKF-mediated P-selectin expression, integrin α(IIb)β(3) activation, and aggregation of P2Y(12) deficient platelets were partially inhibited by the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220, PP2, dimethyl-BAPTA, or LY294002, but were abolished by Ro-31-8220 plus PP2, dimethyl-BAPTA, or LY294002. These data indicate that Ca(2+)/SFKs/PI3K and PKC represent two alternative signaling pathways mediating G(q)-dependent platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binggang Xiang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Elverson HE, Hellman LM, Melikishvili M, Zhao C, Whiteheart SW, Fried MG. HISTIDINE‐TAG‐SPECIFIC OPTICAL PROBES. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.578.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Elverson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Lance M. Hellman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN
| | - Manana Melikishvili
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- School of PharmacyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Michael G. Fried
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
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Moeller A, Zhao C, Fried MG, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Carragher B, Potter CS, Whiteheart SW. Nucleotide‐Dependent Conformational Changes in the N‐Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor (NSF) and their Potential Role in SNARE Complex Disassembly. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.751.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Moeller
- Dept. of Cell BiologyThe Scripps Res. Inst.National Resource for Automated Molecular MicroscopyLa JollaCA
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniv. of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Sch. of PharmacyUCSDLa JollaCA
| | - Michael G. Fried
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniv. of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | | | - Bridget Carragher
- Dept. of Cell BiologyThe Scripps Res. Inst.National Resource for Automated Molecular MicroscopyLa JollaCA
| | - Clinton S. Potter
- Dept. of Cell BiologyThe Scripps Res. Inst.National Resource for Automated Molecular MicroscopyLa JollaCA
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Banerjee M, Karim ZA, Zhang J, Whiteheart SW. Regulation of I‐kappa‐B kinase (IKK) Pathway by CARMA 1•Bcl‐10•MALT‐1 (CBM) Complex Promotes SNARE Complex Formation and Secretion in Platelets. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.986.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY
| | - Zubair A. Karim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY
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Moeller A, Zhao C, Fried MG, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Carragher B, Whiteheart SW. Nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in the N-Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor (NSF) and their potential role in SNARE complex disassembly. J Struct Biol 2012; 177:335-43. [PMID: 22245547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Homohexameric, N-Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor (NSF) disassembles Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) complexes after membrane fusion, an essential step in vesicular trafficking. NSF contains three domains (NSF-N, NSF-D1, and NSF-D2), each contributing to activity. We combined electron microscopic (EM) analysis, analytical ultracentrifugation (AU) and functional mutagenesis to visualize NSF's ATPase cycle. 3D density maps show that NSF-D2 remains stable, whereas NSF-N undergoes large conformational changes. NSF-Ns splay out perpendicular to the ADP-bound hexamer and twist upwards upon ATP binding, producing a more compact structure. These conformations were confirmed by hydrodynamic, AU measurements: NSF-ATP sediments faster with a lower frictional ratio (f/f(0)). Hydrodynamic analyses of NSF mutants, with specific functional defects, define the structures underlying these conformational changes. Mapping mutations onto our 3D models allows interpretation of the domain movement and suggests a mechanism for NSF binding to and disassembly of SNARE complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Moeller
- The Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Elverson HE, Hellman LM, Melikishvili M, Zhao C, Whiteheart SW, Fried MG. Histidine-Tag-Specific Optical Probes for Analytical Ultracentrifugation Analysis. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Matveeva EA, Price DA, Whiteheart SW, Vanaman TC, Gerhardt GA, Slevin JT. Reduction of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 expression leads to a kindling-resistant phenotype in a murine model of epilepsy. Neuroscience 2011; 202:77-86. [PMID: 22183055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work has correlated permanent alterations in the rat neurosecretory machinery with epileptogenesis. Such findings highlighted the need for a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy so that novel therapeutic regimens can be designed. To this end, we examined kindling in transgenic mice with a defined reduction of a key element of the neurosecretory machinery: the v-SNARE (vesicle-bound SNAP [soluble NSF attachment protein] receptor), synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2). Initial analysis of biochemical markers, which previously displayed kindling-dependent alterations in rat hippocampal synaptosomes, showed similar trends in both wild-type and VAMP2(+/-) mice, demonstrating that kindled rat and mouse models are comparable. This report focuses on the effects that a ~50% reduction of synaptosomal VAMP2 has on the progression of electrical kindling and on glutamate release in hippocampal subregions. Our studies show that epileptogenesis is dramatically attenuated in VAMP2(+/-) mice, requiring both higher current and more stimulations to reach a fully kindled state (two successive Racine stage 5 seizures). Progression through the five identifiable Racine stages was slower and more variable in the VAMP2(+/-) animals compared with the almost linear progression seen in wild-type littermates. Consistent with the expected effects of reducing a major neuronal v-SNARE, glutamate-selective, microelectrode array (MEA) measurements in specific hippocampal subregions of VAMP2(+/-) mice showed significant reductions in potassium-evoked glutamate release. Taken together these studies demonstrate that manipulating the levels of the neurosecretory machinery not only affects neurotransmitter release but also mitigates kindling-induced epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Matveeva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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Matveeva EA, Davis VA, Whiteheart SW, Vanaman TC, Gerhardt GA, Slevin JT. Kindling-induced asymmetric accumulation of hippocampal 7S SNARE complexes correlates with enhanced glutamate release. Epilepsia 2011; 53:157-67. [PMID: 22150629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate kindling-associated alterations of the neurotransmitter secretory machinery, glutamate release in the trisynaptic hippocampal excitatory pathway, and the behavioral evolution of kindling-induced epileptogenesis. METHOD Neurotransmitter release requires the fusion of vesicle and plasma membranes; it is initiated by formation of a stable, ternary complex (7SC) of SNARE [soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor] proteins. Quantitative Western blotting was used to monitor levels of 7SC and SNARE regulators [NSF, SV2 (synaptic vesicle protein 2)] in hippocampal synaptosomes from amygdala-kindled animals. Hippocampal synaptic glutamate release was measured in vivo with a unique microelectrode array (MEA) that uses glutamate oxidase to catalyze the breakdown of glutamate into a reporter molecule. KEY FINDINGS Ipsilateral hippocampal accumulation of 7SC developed with onset of amygdalar kindling, but became permanent only in animals stimulated to at least Racine stage 3; the ratio peaked and did not increase with more than two consecutive stage 5 seizures. Chronic 7SC asymmetry was seen in entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal formation, particularly in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1, but not in the other brain areas examined. There was a strong correlation between asymmetric 7SC accumulation and increased total hippocampal SV2. Following a 30-day latent period, amplitudes of spontaneous synaptic glutamate release were enhanced in ipsilateral DG and reduced in ipsilateral CA3 of kindled animals; increased volleys of synaptic glutamate activity were seen in ipsilateral CA1. SIGNIFICANCE Amygdalar kindling is associated with chronic changes in the flow of glutamate signaling in the excitatory trisynaptic pathway and with early but permanent changes in the mechanics of vesicular release in ipsilateral hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Matveeva
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Zhang G, Xiang B, Ye S, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, Morris AJ, Gartner TK, Whiteheart SW, White GC, Smyth SS, Li Z. Distinct roles for Rap1b protein in platelet secretion and integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39466-77. [PMID: 21940635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.239608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1b is activated by platelet agonists and plays a critical role in integrin α(IIb)β(3) inside-out signaling and platelet aggregation. Here we show that agonist-induced Rap1b activation plays an important role in stimulating secretion of platelet granules. We also show that α(IIb)β(3) outside-in signaling can activate Rap1b, and integrin outside-in signaling-mediated Rap1b activation is important in facilitating platelet spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction. Rap1b-deficient platelets had diminished ATP secretion and P-selectin expression induced by thrombin or collagen. Importantly, addition of low doses of ADP and/or fibrinogen restored aggregation of Rap1b-deficient platelets. Furthermore, we found that Rap1b was activated by platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, a process that was not affected by P2Y(12) or TXA(2) receptor deficiency, but was inhibited by the selective Src inhibitor PP2, the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220, or the calcium chelator demethyl-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetrakis. Clot retraction was abolished, and platelet spreading on fibrinogen was diminished in Rap1b-deficient platelets compared with wild-type controls. The defects in clot retraction and spreading on fibrinogen of Rap1b-deficient platelets were not rescued by addition of MnCl(2), which elicits α(IIb)β(3) outside-in signaling in the absence of inside-out signaling. Thus, our results reveal two different activation mechanisms of Rap1b as well as novel functions of Rap1b in platelet secretion and in integrin α(IIb)β(3) outside-in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Abstract
Platelets contain an invaginated, tubular membranous structure called the surface-connected open canalicular system (SCCS or OCS), which is contiguous with the plasma membrane and serves as a site for granule fusion and as a reservoir of membrane for platelet spreading. According to ultrastructural studies, platelets from some species lack OCS. In an attempt to correlate biochemical and functional attributes with the presence of an OCS, platelets from human, mouse and dog (OCS(+)), and from cow, camel and horse (OCS(-)) were analysed for differential protein expression and aggregation in response to thrombin. Among the 18 different cytoskeletal and regulatory proteins examined, five (Rac1, RhoA, Ras, calmodulin and Src) were expressed at higher levels in OCS(+) platelets (p < 0.05). Given the role of Arf6 in the formation of tubular invaginations in nucleated cells, the levels of Arf6-GTP were analysed in OCS(+) and OCS(-) platelets. There was no significant correlation between the presence of OCS and total Arf6 or Arf6-GTP levels. Comparison of platelet aggregation between different species suggests that OCS(-) platelets have delayed responses. This comparison of platelets from six different species, which differ in their OCS, shows the differential expression of known signaling components and foreshadows future studies focusing on OCS formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsun Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
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Kondkar AA, Bray MS, Leal SM, Nagalla S, Liu DJ, Jin Y, Dong JF, Ren Q, Whiteheart SW, Shaw C, Bray PF. VAMP8/endobrevin is overexpressed in hyperreactive human platelets: suggested role for platelet microRNA. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:369-78. [PMID: 19943878 PMCID: PMC3312605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in platelet reactivity contributes to disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To discover associations between interindividual platelet variability and the responsible platelet genes, and to begin to define the molecular mechanisms altering platelet gene expression. SUBJECTS/METHODS Two hundred and eighty-eight healthy subjects were phenotyped for platelet responsiveness. Platelet RNA from subjects demonstrating hyperreactivity (n=18) and hyporeactivity (n=11) was used to screen the human transcriptome. RESULTS Distinctly different mRNA profiles were observed between subjects with differing platelet reactivity. Increased levels of mRNA for VAMP8/endobrevin, a critical v-SNARE involved in platelet granule secretion, were associated with platelet hyperreactivity (Q=0.0275). Validation studies of microarray results showed 4.8-fold higher mean VAMP8 mRNA levels in hyperreactive than hyporeactive platelets (P=0.0023). VAMP8 protein levels varied 13-fold among platelets from these normal subjects, and were 2.5-fold higher in hyperreactive platelets (P=0.05). Among our cohort of 288 subjects, a VAMP8 single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs1010) was associated with platelet reactivity in an age-dependent manner (P<0.003). MicroRNA-96 was predicted to bind to the 3'-untranslated regionof VAMP8 mRNA and was detected in platelets. Overexpression of microRNA-96 in VAMP8-expressing cell lines caused a dose-dependent decrease in VAMP8 protein and mRNA, suggesting a role in VAMP8 mRNA degradation. CONCLUSIONS These findings support a role for VAMP8/endobrevin in the heterogeneity of platelet reactivity, and suggest a role for microRNA-96 in the regulation of VAMP8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kondkar
- Thomas Jefferson University, The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research and the Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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