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Iraji A, Fu Z, Faghiri A, Duda M, Chen J, Rachakonda S, DeRamus T, Kochunov P, Adhikari BM, Belger A, Ford JM, Mathalon DH, Pearlson GD, Potkin SG, Preda A, Turner JA, van Erp TGM, Bustillo JR, Yang K, Ishizuka K, Faria A, Sawa A, Hutchison K, Osuch EA, Theberge J, Abbott C, Mueller BA, Zhi D, Zhuo C, Liu S, Xu Y, Salman M, Liu J, Du Y, Sui J, Adali T, Calhoun VD. Identifying canonical and replicable multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting-state fMRI datasets. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5729-5748. [PMID: 37787573 PMCID: PMC10619392 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the known benefits of data-driven approaches, the lack of approaches for identifying functional neuroimaging patterns that capture both individual variations and inter-subject correspondence limits the clinical utility of rsfMRI and its application to single-subject analyses. Here, using rsfMRI data from over 100k individuals across private and public datasets, we identify replicable multi-spatial-scale canonical intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) templates via the use of multi-model-order independent component analysis (ICA). We also study the feasibility of estimating subject-specific ICNs via spatially constrained ICA. The results show that the subject-level ICN estimations vary as a function of the ICN itself, the data length, and the spatial resolution. In general, large-scale ICNs require less data to achieve specific levels of (within- and between-subject) spatial similarity with their templates. Importantly, increasing data length can reduce an ICN's subject-level specificity, suggesting longer scans may not always be desirable. We also find a positive linear relationship between data length and spatial smoothness (possibly due to averaging over intrinsic dynamics), suggesting studies examining optimized data length should consider spatial smoothness. Finally, consistency in spatial similarity between ICNs estimated using the full data and subsets across different data lengths suggests lower within-subject spatial similarity in shorter data is not wholly defined by lower reliability in ICN estimates, but may be an indication of meaningful brain dynamics which average out as data length increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Iraji
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Computer ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Z. Fu
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - A. Faghiri
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - M. Duda
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - J. Chen
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - S. Rachakonda
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - T. DeRamus
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - P. Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - B. M. Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - A. Belger
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - J. M. Ford
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - D. H. Mathalon
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - G. D. Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - S. G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - A. Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - J. A. Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthOhio State University Medical Center in ColumbusColumbusOhioUSA
| | - T. G. M. van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - J. R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - K. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - K. Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - A. Faria
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - A. Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, and Genetic MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Mental HealthJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - K. Hutchison
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - E. A. Osuch
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondon Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonCanada
| | - J. Theberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryLondon Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonCanada
| | - C. Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry (CCA)University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - B. A. Mueller
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - D. Zhi
- The State Key Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience and LearningBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - C. Zhuo
- Tianjin Mental Health CenterNankai University Affiliated Anding HospitalTianjinChina
| | - S. Liu
- The Department of PsychiatryFirst Clinical Medical College/First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Y. Xu
- The Department of PsychiatryFirst Clinical Medical College/First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - M. Salman
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- School of Electrical & Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - J. Liu
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Computer ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Y. Du
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- School of Computer and Information TechnologyShanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - J. Sui
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- The State Key Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience and LearningBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - T. Adali
- Department of CSEEUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - V. D. Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State UniversityGeorgia Institute of Technology, and Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Computer ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- School of Electrical & Computer EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Denkert C, Martín M, Untch M, Bonnefoi HR, Knudsen ES, Im SA, DeMichele A, Witkiewicz A, Van ’t Veer L, Kim SB, Bear HD, McCarthy N, Gelmon K, Marmé F, García-Sáenz JÁ, Turner N, Rojo F, Filipits M, Martin LA, Fasching PA, Schem C, Kelly CM, Reimer T, Toi M, Rugo H, Gnant M, Makris A, Liu Y, Weber K, Rachakonda S, Loibl S. Abstract HER2-06: HER2-06 Outcome analysis of HER2-zero or HER2-low hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients - characterization of the molecular phenotype in combination with molecular subtyping. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-her2-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer with low HER2 expression (HER2-low) is of high clinical relevance because of new therapeutic options with antibody-drug conjugates. We have recently shown in a large cohort from neoadjuvant clinical trials that HER2-low breast cancer has different molecular characteristics as well as different clinical outcomes compared to HER2-zero. Considering the positive correlation between HER2-low expression and hormone receptor positivity observed consistently in many investigations, we have extended our analysis to HR+ tumors from the post-neoadjuvant PenelopeB trial. In PenelopeB, patients with HR+ breast cancer and residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) were randomized to post-neoadjuvant palbociclib versus placebo in addition to endocrine therapy. We evaluated the molecular phenotype and clinical outcomes of HER2-low compared to HER2-zero patients. Methods: A total of 1250 patients were randomized, HER2 status was available for 1151 tumors from pretherapeutic core biopsy, determined mainly by local pathology, and from 1213 tumors from the post-NACT sample, determined as part of central pathology. For 1119 patients a paired HER2-status was both available. HER2-zero was defined as IHC0 and HER2-low-positive was defined as IHC1+ or IHC2+/ISH-. Gene expression analysis of 2549 genes using the HTG oncology biomarker panel was performed in 620 pretherapeutic biopsies and 780 post-NACT residual tumor samples, with 539 paired gene expression samples. Breast cancer subtypes were determined using the AIMS approach. Results: In pretherapeutic biopsies, 695 tumors (60%) were HER2-low and 457 (40%) were HER2-zero. A HER2-low status in the biopsy was significantly linked to improved iDFS (HR 0.76 (0.60-0.96; p=0.02). In residual tumors, 632 tumors (60%) were HER2-low and 581 (40%) were HER2-zero, without any prognostic impact of HER2 low status. In addition, a shift of HER2-low-status comparing core biopsy and residual tumor was observed in 415 (37%) of 1119 tumors. 161 (14%) had a shift from HER2-zero to HER2-low and 254 (23%) shifted from HER2-low to HER2-zero. A shift from HER2-zero to HER2-low in the post-NACT samples was significantly linked to reduced iDFS (HR 1.43 [95%CI 1.01-2.01]), p=0.04), compared to HER2-low group, while a shift from HER2-low to HER2-zero was associated with better iDFS compared to HER2-zero group, although not statistically significant (p=0.17). We did not observe a significant correlation of HER2-low status and AIMS molecular subtypes. In particular, the HER2-enriched (HER2E) subtype was assigned to only 4.3% of HER2-zero and 3.1% of HER2-low tumors. Significant iDFS differences were observed for HER2-low-status in combination with AIMS subtypes (lumB/basal/HER2E vs. lumA/normL; overall p-value < 0.0001) for both pretherapeutic biopsies and residual tumor. Patients with post-NACT HER2-low tumors had an improved survival in the subgroups of aggressive AIMS subtypes (lumB/basal/HER2E), but not in the less aggressive AIMs subtypes (lumA/normL), with a positive test for interaction (p=0.02). For the pre-NACT samples a similar, but non-significant trend was observed. We evaluated a total of 620 core biopsies for differences in gene expression comparing HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors. A total of 417 genes were statistically significantly different, but in a hierarchical clustering there was no clear separation of HER2-low and HER2-zero tumors. Conclusions: In the PenelopeB cohort of HR+ tumors, a HER2-low status in pretherapeutic core biopsies is related to improved disease-free survival, especially for those tumors that have a more aggressive intrinsic subtype. A shift of HER2-low status was observed before and after chemotherapy, indicating an adaptation of the pathway activity to therapy-induced stress, which might become relevant for future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Citation Format: Carsten Denkert, Miguel Martín, Michael Untch, Hervé R. Bonnefoi, Erik S. Knudsen, Seock-Ah Im, Angela DeMichele, Agnieszka Witkiewicz, Laura Van ’t Veer, Sung-Bae Kim, Harry D. Bear, Nicole McCarthy, Karen Gelmon, Frederik Marmé, José Ángel García-Sáenz, Nicholas Turner, Federico Rojo, Martin Filipits, Lesley-Ann Martin, Peter A. Fasching, Christian Schem, Catherine M. Kelly, Toralf Reimer, Masakazu Toi, Hope Rugo, Michael Gnant, Andreas Makris, Yuan Liu, Karsten Weber, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Sibylle Loibl. HER2-06 Outcome analysis of HER2-zero or HER2-low hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients - characterization of the molecular phenotype in combination with molecular subtyping [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr HER2-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Denkert
- 1Institut für Pathologie, Philipps Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Marburg (UKGM), Germany
| | - Miguel Martín
- 2Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hervé R. Bonnefoi
- 4Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Erik S. Knudsen
- 5Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- 6Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South), Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Harry D. Bear
- 11Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nicole McCarthy
- 12Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand and University of Queensland Australia
| | - Karen Gelmon
- 13BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frederik Marmé
- 14Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Nicholas Turner
- 16The Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Martin Filipits
- 18Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- 19Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- 20Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Toralf Reimer
- 23Breast Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Masakazu Toi
- 24Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hope Rugo
- 25University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael Gnant
- 26Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Makris
- 27Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Liu
- 28Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California
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Knudsen ES, Rachakonda S, Marmé F, Martín M, Untch M, Bonnefoi HR, Schmitt WD, Kim SB, Bear HD, Witkiewicz A, Im SA, DeMichele A, Van’t Veer L, McCarthy N, Sinn BV, Gelmon K, García-Sáenz JÁ, Kelly CM, Reimer T, Turner N, Rojo F, Filipits M, Fasching PA, Schem C, Martin LA, Liu Y, Toi M, Rugo H, Gnant M, Makris A, Furlanetto J, Weber K, Denkert C, Loibl S. Abstract PD17-06: Immunohistochemical markers and determinants of clinical response in the Penelope-B trial. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-pd17-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The Penelope-B trial did not show improvement in invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) with the addition of palbociclib to endocrine therapy (ET) in patients with high-risk early breast cancer (BC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Biomarkers may be able to identify subgroups of patients deriving benefit from Palbociclib and guide future studies. Estrogen-receptor (ER), progesterone-receptor (PgR) and Ki-67 might be helpful in identifying patients benefiting from palbociclib. Concordantly, tumors with elevated expression of Cyclin D1 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (phospho-RB) may harbor more dependency on CDK4/6 and thus higher sensitivity to palbociclib. Methods: The percentage of positive ER and PgR cells and Ki-67 assessed in surgical specimens after NACT were combined to obtain the immunohistochemical score 3 (IHC3, Cuzick et al JCO 2011, low vs high based on the median IHC3 value). Cyclin D1 and phospho-RB Ser 807/811 immunoreactive (phospho-RB) scores were analyzed in residual tumors after NACT (range 0-12 each). Proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the predictive and prognostic value of IHC3 and treatment on iDFS. Subgroup analysis was performed according to BC intrinsic subtypes (luminal-A/normal-like, luminal-B/HER2-enriched/basal) and HER2-status (HER2 0, HER2 low). Cox/Fine-Gray regression was used to define the predictive and prognostic value of CyclinD1 (≤1, >1), phospho-RB (≤2, >2) as dichotomized and continuous variables on iDFS, distant DFS (DDFS), locoregional invasive recurrence-free interval (LRRFI) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analyses (MVA) were adjusted for age (≤50 vs >50), Ki-67 (≤15 vs >15), region (non-Asian vs Asian), ypN (ypN0-1 vs ypN2-3), risk status (CPS-EG=2 ypN+ vs ≥3), cT (cT1-2 vs cT3-4), ypT (ypT0-2 vs ypT3-4), and grade (G1-2 vs G3). The MVA for IHC3 includes all the covariates above except Ki-67. p< 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results: Data for ER, PgR, Ki-67, HER2, Cyclin D1 and phospho-RB were available for 1250 patients. Overall, 98.9% of the patients had ER+ tumors, 75.0% PgR+, 52.2% had HER2 low, 25.5% Ki-67>15, 50% had IHC3 score higher than median, 93.9% had Cyclin D1 >1, 57.8% had phospho-RB >2. Patients with IHC3 score high had a worse iDFS compared to patients with IHC3 score low (MVA HR 2.28 95%CI (1.78-2.91), p< 0.0001). Patients with luminal-A/normal-like tumors and IHC3 low had an improved iDFS with the addition of palbociclib to ET (MVA HR 0.35 95%CI (0.14-0.90), test for interaction p=0.01). No difference was observed according to HER2 status. Cyclin D1>1 has no predictive value but is prognostic for better iDFS (MVA HR 0.62 95%CI (0.41-0.94), p=0.023), LRRFI (MVA HR 0.30 95%CI (0.15-0.63), p=0.001) and OS (MVA HR 0.50 95%CI (0.28-0.89), p=0.019). Similar results were obtained when Cyclin D1 was analysed as a continuous variable. Phospho-RB had neither predictive nor prognostic value. Phospho-RB highly correlates with Ki-67 (p< 0.001, Spearman correlation 0.248). Conclusions: Patients with high Cyclin D1 expression had a favorable prognosis independent of treatment arm, but patients with luminal-A/normal-like tumors and IHC3 low after NACT had an improved outcome when receiving palbociclib in addition to adjuvant ET. Theses exploratory studies suggest specific signatures/phenotypes could predict benefit from Palbociclib in high-risk early breast cancer.
Citation Format: Erik S. Knudsen, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Frederik Marmé, Miguel Martín, Michael Untch, Hervé R. Bonnefoi, Wolfgang D. Schmitt, Sung-Bae Kim, Harry D. Bear, Agnieszka Witkiewicz, Seock-Ah Im, Angela DeMichele, Laura Van’t Veer, Nicole McCarthy, Bruno V. Sinn, Karen Gelmon, José Ángel García-Sáenz, Catherine M. Kelly, Toralf Reimer, Nicholas Turner, Federico Rojo, Martin Filipits, Peter A. Fasching, Christian Schem, Lesley-Ann Martin, Yuan Liu, Masakazu Toi, Hope Rugo, Michael Gnant, Andreas Makris, Jenny Furlanetto, Karsten Weber, Carsten Denkert, Sibylle Loibl. Immunohistochemical markers and determinants of clinical response in the Penelope-B trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PD17-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S. Knudsen
- 1Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Frederik Marmé
- 3Med. Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miguel Martín
- 4Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hervé R. Bonnefoi
- 6Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC),, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wolfgang D. Schmitt
- 7Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Harry D. Bear
- 9Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Seock-Ah Im
- 11Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Nicole McCarthy
- 14Icon Cancer Center, Wesley Medical Centre, Auchenflower, Australia
| | | | - Karen Gelmon
- 16BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Toralf Reimer
- 19Breast Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicholas Turner
- 20The Institute of Cancer Research: Royal Cancer Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Martin Filipits
- 22Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- 23Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- 25Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yuan Liu
- 26Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Masakazu Toi
- 27Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hope Rugo
- 28University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael Gnant
- 29Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Makris
- 30Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Carsten Denkert
- 33Institut für Pathologie, Philipps Universität Marburg und Universitätsklinikum Marburg (UKGM), Germany
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Pallerla SR, Hoan NX, Rachakonda S, Meyer CG, Van Tong H, Toan NL, Linh LTK, Giang DP, Kremsner PG, Bang MH, Song LH, Velavan TP. Custom gene expression panel for evaluation of potential molecular markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:235. [PMID: 36345011 PMCID: PMC9641913 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options, which highlights the need for reliable biomarkers. This study aims to explore molecular markers that allow stratification of HCC and may lead to better prognosis and treatment prediction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 20 candidate genes (HCC hub genes, potential drug target genes, predominant somatic mutant genes) retrieved from literature and public databases with potential to be used as the molecular markers. We analysed expression of the genes by RT-qPCR in 30 HCC tumour and adjacent non-tumour paired samples from Vietnamese patients. Fold changes in expression were then determined using the 2-∆∆CT method, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering was generated using Cluster v3.0 software. RESULTS Clustering of expression data revealed two subtypes of tumours (proliferative and normal-like) and four clusters for genes. The expression profiles of the genes TOP2A, CDK1, BIRC5, GPC3, IGF2, and AFP were strongly correlated. Proliferative tumours were characterized by high expression of the c-MET, ARID1A, CTNNB1, RAF1, LGR5, and GLUL1 genes. TOP2A, CDK1, and BIRC5 HCC hub genes were highly expressed (> twofold) in 90% (27/30), 83% (25/30), and 83% (24/30) in the tissue samples, respectively. Among the drug target genes, high expression was observed in the GPC3, IGF2 and c-MET genes in 77% (23/30), 63% (19/30), and 37% (11/30), respectively. The somatic mutant Wnt/ß-catenin genes (CTNNB1, GLUL and LGR5) and TERT were highly expressed in 40% and 33% of HCCs, respectively. Among the HCC marker genes, a higher percentage of tumours showed GPC3 expression compared to AFP expression [73% (23/30) vs. 43% (13/30)]. CONCLUSION The custom panel and molecular markers from this study may be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, biomarker-guided clinical trial design, and prediction of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Reddy Pallerla
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Le Thi Kieu Linh
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Phuong Giang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Mai Hong Bang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Gastroenterology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mfoutou Mapanguy CC, Batchi-Bouyou AL, Djontu JC, Pallerla SR, Ngoma CH, Linh LTK, Rachakonda S, Casadei N, Angelov A, Sonnabend M, Vouvoungui JC, Ampa R, Nguimbi E, Peter S, Kremsner PG, Montaldo C, Velavan TP, Ntoumi F. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.214.1, B.1.214.2 and B.1.620 are predominant lineages between December 2020 and July 2021 in the Republic of Congo. IJID Reg 2022; 3:106-113. [PMID: 35720148 PMCID: PMC8907106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : SARS-CoV-2 variants have been emerging and are shown to increase transmissibility, pathogenicity, and decreased vaccine efficacies. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution, prevalence, and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Brazzaville, the Republic of Congo (ROC). METHODS : Between December 2020 and July 2021, a total of n=600 oropharyngeal specimens collected in the community were tested for COVID-19. Of the samples tested, 317 (53%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive. All samples that had a threshold of Ct <30 (n=182) were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS), and all complete sequenced genomes were submitted to GISAID; lineages were assigned using pangolin nomenclature and a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed. In addition, the global prevalence of the predominant lineages was analysed using data from GISAID and Outbreak databases. RESULTS : A total of 15 lineages circulated with B.1.214.2 (26%), B.1.214.1 (19%) and B.1.620 (18%) being predominant. The variants of concern (VOC) alpha (B.1.1.7) (6%) and for the first time in June delta (B.1.617.2) (4%) were observed. In addition, the B.1.214.1 lineage first reported from ROC was observed to be spreading locally and regionally. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the B.1.620 variant (VUM) under observation may have originated from either Cameroon or the Central African Republic. SARS-CoV-2 lineages were heterogeneous, with the densely populated districts of Poto-Poto and Moungali likely the epicenter of spread. CONCLUSION : Longitudinal monitoring and molecular surveillance across time and space are critical to understanding viral phylodynamics, which could have important implications for transmissibility and impact infection prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claujens Chastel Mfoutou Mapanguy
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Armel Landry Batchi-Bouyou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Srinivas Reddy Pallerla
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, VG-CARE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chamy Helga Ngoma
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Le Thi Kieu Linh
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, VG-CARE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angel Angelov
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), Tübingen, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sonnabend
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), Tübingen, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeannhey Christevy Vouvoungui
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Raoul Ampa
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Etienne Nguimbi
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Silke Peter
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), Tübingen, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Gabon
| | - Chiara Montaldo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Institute for Hospitalization and Care Scientific, Rome, Italy
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, VG-CARE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Manouana GP, Maloum MN, Bikangui R, Oye Bingono SO, Ondo GN, Honkpehedji JY, Rossatanga EG, Assoumou SZ, Pallerla SR, Rachakonda S, Ndong RM, Lekana-Douki JB, Siawaya JFD, Borrmann S, Kremsner PG, Lell B, Velavan TP, Adegnika AA. Emergence of B.1.1.318 SARS-CoV-2 viral lineage and high incidence of alpha B.1.1.7 variant of concern in Republic of Gabon. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 114:151-154. [PMID: 34742926 PMCID: PMC8563502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variants of concern (VOCs) associated with relatively high transmissibility appear to be spreading rapidly in Gabon. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the distribution of several variants of concern in the population, which could have implications for transmissibility and vaccine efficacy. METHODS Between February and May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced using the Oxford nanopore MinION method and the respective genome diversity was elucidated. Phylogenetic analysis was performed and genomes were classified using pangolin lineages. RESULTS The results highlight the increase (46%) of the alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7) in the Gabonese population over the study period. In addition, an increase (31%) in the B.1.1.318 lineage, which is associated with high transmission and impaired vaccine efficacy (D614G+E484K+Y144del), was detected. CONCLUSION With the second wave ongoing, our findings highlight the need for surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in the Republic of Gabon and should provide useful guidance to policy makers in selecting an appropriate vaccine for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gédéon Prince Manouana
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Rodrigue Bikangui
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Ecole doctorale de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | | | | | | | - Samira Zoa Assoumou
- Laboratoire Professeur Daniel Gahouma, Libreville, Gabon; Département de Bactériologie-Virologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steffen Borrmann
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, VG-CARE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany; Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique, Cotonou, Bénin.
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7
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Huy PX, Chung DT, Linh DT, Hang NT, Rachakonda S, Pallerla SR, Linh LTK, Tong HV, Dung LM, Mao CV, Wedemeyer H, Bock CT, Kremsner PG, Song LH, Sy BT, Toan NL, Velavan TP. Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101340. [PMID: 34684289 PMCID: PMC8539026 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with HEV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are associated with increased rates of preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The aim of the present study was to investigate HEV infections in pregnant women and the possibility of mother-to-child transmission, and associated outcomes. A total of 183 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited and followed until delivery. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HEV nucleic acids were detected in stool and cord blood samples. HEV genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Mother-to-child transmission and associated adverse outcomes were not observed. Only 2% of patients (n = 4/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, and 8% (n = 14/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. Cord blood (n = 150) analysis showed that there was no IgM detected, while 4% (n = 6/150) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, which was consistent with mothers testing positive for anti-HEV IgG. Nucleic acid tests for HEV RNA yielded 2% (n = 4/183) from the serum and stool of pregnant women, and none from cord blood. The HEV isolates belonged to the genotype HEV-3a, with 99% homology with humans and 96% with pigs. No association was found between the risk of HEV infection and pregnancy outcomes or HEV transmission from mother to child. HEV-3 infections of zoonotic origin in pregnancy might have eventually resolved without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Xuan Huy
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.X.H.); (D.T.C.); (D.T.L.); (N.T.H.); (H.V.T.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Dang Thanh Chung
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.X.H.); (D.T.C.); (D.T.L.); (N.T.H.); (H.V.T.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Dang Thuy Linh
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.X.H.); (D.T.C.); (D.T.L.); (N.T.H.); (H.V.T.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Ngo Thu Hang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.X.H.); (D.T.C.); (D.T.L.); (N.T.H.); (H.V.T.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.P.); (L.T.K.L.); (P.G.K.)
| | - Srinivas Reddy Pallerla
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.P.); (L.T.K.L.); (P.G.K.)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.H.S.); (B.T.S.)
| | - Le Thi Kieu Linh
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.P.); (L.T.K.L.); (P.G.K.)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.H.S.); (B.T.S.)
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.X.H.); (D.T.C.); (D.T.L.); (N.T.H.); (H.V.T.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Le Minh Dung
- Tra Vinh Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Tra Vinh 940000, Vietnam;
| | - Can Van Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.X.H.); (D.T.C.); (D.T.L.); (N.T.H.); (H.V.T.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C-Thomas Bock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.P.); (L.T.K.L.); (P.G.K.)
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Lambaréné B.P. 242, Gabon
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.H.S.); (B.T.S.)
- 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Bui Tien Sy
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.H.S.); (B.T.S.)
- 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (P.X.H.); (D.T.C.); (D.T.L.); (N.T.H.); (H.V.T.); (C.V.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.T.); (T.P.V.); Tel.: +84-979-166-868 (N.L.T.); +49-7071 29-85981 (T.P.V.)
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.P.); (L.T.K.L.); (P.G.K.)
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (L.H.S.); (B.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.T.); (T.P.V.); Tel.: +84-979-166-868 (N.L.T.); +49-7071 29-85981 (T.P.V.)
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8
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Rachakonda S, Hoheisel JD, Kumar R. Occurrence, functionality and abundance of the TERT promoter mutations. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1852-1862. [PMID: 34313327 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening at chromosomal ends due to the constraints of the DNA replication process acts as a tumor suppressor by restricting the replicative potential in primary cells. Cancers evade that limitation primarily through the reactivation of telomerase via different mechanisms. Mutations within the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene represent a definite mechanism for the ribonucleic enzyme regeneration predominantly in cancers that arise from tissues with low rates of self-renewal. The promoter mutations cause a moderate increase in TERT transcription and consequent telomerase upregulation to the levels sufficient to delay replicative senescence but not prevent bulk telomere shortening and genomic instability. Since the discovery, a staggering number of studies have resolved the discrete aspects, effects and clinical relevance of the TERT promoter mutations. The promoter mutations link transcription of TERT with oncogenic pathways, associate with markers of poor outcome and define patients with reduced survivals in several cancers. In this review, we discuss the occurrence and impact of the promoter mutations and highlight the mechanism of TERT activation. We further deliberate on the foundational question of the abundance of the TERT promoter mutations and a general dearth of functional mutations within noncoding sequences, as evident from pan-cancer analysis of the whole-genomes. We posit that the favorable genomic constellation within the TERT promoter may be less than a common occurrence in other noncoding functional elements. Besides, the evolutionary constraints limit the functional fraction within the human genome, hence the lack of abundant mutations outside the coding sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Kroupa M, Rachakonda S, Vymetalkova V, Tomasova K, Liska V, Vodenkova S, Cumova A, Rossnerova A, Vodickova L, Hemminki K, Soucek P, Kumar R, Vodicka P. Telomere length in peripheral blood lymphocytes related to genetic variation in telomerase, prognosis and clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:491-497. [PMID: 33367858 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of telomere length (TL) homeostasis in peripheral blood lymphocytes has been previously assessed as a potential biomarker of breast cancer (BC) risk. The present study addressed the relationship between lymphocyte TL (LTL), prognosis and clinicopathological features in the BC patients since these associations are insufficiently explored at present. LTL was measured in 611 BC patients and 154 healthy controls using the monochrome multiplex quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. In addition, we genotyped nine TL-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms that had been identified through genome-wide association studies. Our results showed that the patients had significantly (P = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test) longer LTL [median (interquartile range); 1.48 (1.22-1.78)] than the healthy controls [1.27 (0.97-1.82)]. Patients homozygous (CC) for the common allele of hTERT rs2736108 or the variant allele (CC) of hTERC rs16847897 had longer LTL. The latter association remained statistically significant in the recessive genetic model after the Bonferroni correction (P = 0.004, Wilcoxon two-sample test). We observed no association between LTL and overall survival or relapse-free survival of the patients. LTL did not correlate with cancer staging based on Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), The tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system classification, tumour grade or molecular BC subtypes. Overall, we observed an association between long LTL and BC disease and an association of the hTERC rs16847897 CC genotype with increased LTL. However, no association between LTL, clinicopathological features and survival of the patients was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kroupa
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Tomasova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Vodenkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Cumova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Husova, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Cardelli M, Doorn RV, Larcher L, Donato MD, Piacenza F, Pierpaoli E, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Rachakonda S, Gruis NA, Molven A, Andresen PA, Pjanova D, van den Oord JJ, Provinciali M, Nagore E, Kumar R. Association of HERV-K and LINE-1 hypomethylation with reduced disease-free survival in melanoma patients. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1689-1706. [PMID: 33125285 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate CpG methylation of long interspersed nuclear elements 1 (LINE-1) and human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) retroelements as potential prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma. Materials & methods: Methylation of HERV-K and LINE-1 retroelements was assessed in resected melanoma tissues from 82 patients ranging in age from 14 to 88 years. In addition, nevi from eight patients were included for comparison with nonmalignant melanocytic lesions. Results: Methylation levels were lower in melanomas than in nevi. HERV-K and LINE-1 methylation were decreased in melanoma patients with clinical parameters associated with adverse prognosis, while they were independent of age and gender. Hypomethylation of HERV-K (but not LINE-1) was an independent predictor of reduced disease-free survival. Conclusion: HERV-K hypomethylation can be a potential independent biomarker of melanoma recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lares Larcher
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Di Donato
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Pierpaoli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nelleke A Gruis
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Arne Andresen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, 46009 València, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Vodenkova S, Kroupa M, Polivkova Z, Musak L, Ambrus M, Schneiderova M, Kozevnikovova R, Vodickova L, Rachakonda S, Hemminki K, Kumar R, Vodicka P. Chromosomal damage and telomere length in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2219-2230. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sona Vodenkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kroupa
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Polivkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ludovit Musak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin 036 01, Slovakia
| | - Miloslav Ambrus
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 100 34, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Schneiderova
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague 100 34, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kari Hemminki
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 323 00, Czech Republic
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 691 20, Germany
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
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12
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Manrique-Silva E, Rachakonda S, Millán-Esteban D, García-Casado Z, Requena C, Través V, Kumar R, Nagore E. Clinical, environmental and histological distribution of BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter mutations among patients with cutaneous melanoma: a retrospective study of 563 patients. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:504-513. [PMID: 32506424 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distinct somatic mutations that define clinical and histopathological heterogeneity in cutaneous melanoma could be dependent on host susceptibility to exogenous factors like ultraviolet radiation. OBJECTIVES Firstly, to characterize patients with cutaneous melanoma clinically and pathologically based on the mutational status of BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter. Secondly, to elucidate the modified features due to the presence of TERT promoter mutations over the background of either BRAF or NRAS mutations. METHODS We performed a retrospective study on 563 patients with melanoma by investigating somatic mutations in BRAF, NRAS and TERT promoter. RESULTS We observed co-occurrence of TERT promoter mutations with BRAF and NRAS mutations in 26.3% and 6.9% of melanomas, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed an independent association between BRAF mutations and a decreased presence of cutaneous lentigines at the melanoma site, and an increased association with the presence of any MC1R polymorphism. We also observed an independent association between TERT promoter mutations and increased tumour mitotic rate. Co-occurrence of BRAF and TERT promoter mutations was independently associated with occurrence of primary tumours at usually sun-exposed sites, lack of histological chronic sun damage in surrounding unaffected skin at the melanoma site, and increased tumour mitotic rate. Co-occurrence of NRAS and TERT promoter mutations was independently associated with increased tumour mitotic rate. The presence of TERT promoter together with BRAF or NRAS mutations was associated with statistically significantly worse survival. CONCLUSIONS The presence of TERT promoter mutations discriminates BRAF- and NRAS-mutated tumours and indicates a higher involvement of ultraviolet-induced damage and tumours with worse melanoma-specific survival than those without any mutation. These observations refine classification of patients with melanoma based on mutational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Manrique-Silva
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenci, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Rachakonda
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Millán-Esteban
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia (IVO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Z García-Casado
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia (IVO), Valencia, Spain
| | - C Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenci, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Través
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia (IVO), Valencia, Spain
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Nagore
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Srinivas N, Rachakonda S, Hielscher T, Calderazzo S, Rudnai P, Gurzau E, Koppova K, Fletcher T, Kumar R. Telomere length, arsenic exposure and risk of basal cell carcinoma of skin. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:715-723. [PMID: 30874287 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length per se a heritable trait has been reported to be associated with different diseases including cancers. In this study, based on arsenic-exposed 528 cases with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of skin and 533 healthy controls, we investigated effect of telomere length, measured by real-time PCR, on the disease risk. We observed a statistically significant association between decreased telomere length and increased BCC risk [odds ratio (OR) = 5.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.92 to 9.01, P < 0.0001]. Due to confounder effect of arsenic exposure, in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), telomere length associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instrument variables violated valid assumptions; however, one-sample MR adjusted for arsenic exposure indicated an increased risk of BCC with short telomeres. The interaction between arsenic exposure and telomere length on BCC risk was statistically significant (P = 0.02). Within each tertile based on arsenic exposure, the individuals with shorter telomeres were at an increased risk of BCC, with highest risk being in the highest exposed group (OR = 16.13, 95% CI = 6.71 to 40.00, P < 0.0001), followed by those in medium exposure group and low exposure group. The combined effect of highest arsenic exposure and shortest telomeres on BCC risk (OR = 10.56, 95% CI = 5.14 to 21.70) showed a statistically significant departure from additivity (interaction contrast ratio 6.56, P = 0.03). Our results show that in the presence of arsenic exposure, decreased telomere length predisposes individuals to increased risk of BCC, with the effect being synergistic in individuals with highest arsenic exposure and shortest telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Srinivas
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hielscher
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Calderazzo
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rudnai
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eugen Gurzau
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj, Romania
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- Department of Environmental Health, Slovak Medical University Bratislava, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Stark MS, Denisova E, Kays TA, Heidenreich B, Rachakonda S, Requena C, Sturm RA, Soyer HP, Nagore E, Kumar R. Mutation Signatures in Melanocytic Nevi Reveal Characteristics of Defective DNA Repair. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2093-2096.e2. [PMID: 32151667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Stark
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Evgeniya Denisova
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Trent A Kays
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barbara Heidenreich
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Richard A Sturm
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Telomeres are highly conserved tandem nucleotide repeats that include proximal double-stranded and distal single-stranded regions that in complex with shelterin proteins afford protection at chromosomal ends to maintain genomic integrity. Due to the inherent limitations of DNA replication and telomerase suppression in most somatic cells, telomeres undergo age-dependent incremental attrition. Short or dysfunctional telomeres are recognized as DNA double-stranded breaks, triggering cells to undergo replicative senescence. Telomere shortening, therefore, acts as a counting mechanism that drives replicative senescence by limiting the mitotic potential of cells. Telomere length, a complex hereditary trait, is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Epidemiological data, in general, support an association with varying magnitudes between constitutive telomere length and several disorders, including cancers. Telomere attrition is also influenced by oxidative damage and replicative stress caused by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms at different loci, identified through genome-wide association studies, influence inter-individual variation in telomere length. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors also influence telomere length during growth and development. Telomeres hold potential as biomarkers that reflect the genetic predisposition together with the impact of environmental conditions and as targets for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neunheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.S.); (S.R.)
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16
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Srinivas N, Neittaanmäki N, Heidenreich B, Rachakonda S, Karppinen TT, Grönroos M, Tani TT, Salmivuori M, Snellman E, Hemminki K, Kumar R. TERT promoter mutations in actinic keratosis before and after treatment. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2932-2934. [PMID: 31970758 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Srinivas
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noora Neittaanmäki
- Institute of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care group, Lahti, Finland
| | - Barbara Heidenreich
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toni T Karppinen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care group, Lahti, Finland
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Grönroos
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care group, Lahti, Finland
| | - Taneli T Tani
- Department of Pathology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care group, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mari Salmivuori
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care group, Lahti, Finland
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erna Snellman
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care group, Lahti, Finland
- Department of Dermatology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- School of Public health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Catolica da Valenciana "San Vincent Martir", Valencia, Spain
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Catolica da Valenciana "San Vincent Martir", Valencia, Spain.,Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Consortium for Translational Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Consortium for Translational Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Vijayakrishnan J, Studd J, Broderick P, Kinnersley B, Holroyd A, Law PJ, Kumar R, Allan JM, Harrison CJ, Moorman AV, Vora A, Roman E, Rachakonda S, Kinsey SE, Sheridan E, Thompson PD, Irving JA, Koehler R, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Jöckel KH, Easton DF, Pharaoh PDP, Dunning AM, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Muir K, Pashayan N, Greaves M, Zimmerman M, Bartram CR, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. Author Correction: Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for B-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 30664635 PMCID: PMC6341085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of a member of the PRACTICAL Consortium, Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela Gago Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. Furthermore, in the original HTML version of this Article, the order of authors within the author list was incorrect. The PRACTICAL consortium was incorrectly listed after Richard S. Houlston and should have been listed after Nora Pashayan. This error has been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Vijayakrishnan
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James M Allan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ajay Vora
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Sally E Kinsey
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Medical Genetics Research Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela D Thompson
- Paediatric and Familial Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Julie A Irving
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rolf Koehler
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharaoh
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Frederico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Martin Zimmerman
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus R Bartram
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- General Paediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
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19
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Rachakonda S, Srinivas N, Mahmoudpour SH, Garcia-Casado Z, Requena C, Traves V, Soriano V, Cardelli M, Pjanova D, Molven A, Gruis N, Nagore E, Kumar R. Author Correction: Telomere length and survival in primary cutaneous melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17963. [PMID: 30552372 PMCID: PMC6294772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36657-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nalini Srinivas
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Mahmoudpour
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biostatistics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zaida Garcia-Casado
- Labortory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Traves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Virtudes Soriano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anders Molven
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nelleke Gruis
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Consortium for Translational Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Andrés-Lencina JJ, Rachakonda S, García-Casado Z, Srinivas N, Skorokhod A, Requena C, Soriano V, Kumar R, Nagore E. TERT promoter mutation subtypes and survival in stage I and II melanoma patients. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1027-1036. [PMID: 30070694 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations within the promoter of gene encoding telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit are frequent in many cancers including melanoma. Previously, the TERT promoter mutations were shown to associate with markers of poor outcome and reduced survival in patients with primary melanoma. In this study, we investigated the impact of the subtypes of TERT mutations on disease-free and melanoma-specific survival in 287 patients with stage I/II nonacral melanoma. Our results showed that of the three TERT promoter mutation subtypes, in multivariate models, the -138/-139 CC > TT tandem mutation associated with worst disease-free and melanoma-specific survival. In particular, in combination with BRAF/NRAS mutations, the -138/-139 CC > TT TERT promoter mutation associated with statistically significant poor disease-free and melanoma-specific survival with hazard ratios of 6.04 (95% CI 2.03-17.94, p = 0.001) and 12.59 (95% CI 2.18-72.70, p = 0.005), respectively. In contrast to the survival data, luciferase assays showed that the highest activity was observed in experiments with a promoter construct with -124 C > T mutation followed by the -138/-139 CC > TT and -146 C > T mutations, which showed similar activity. Based on previous reports, we speculate that the tandem mutation probably leads to greater genomic instability than the common TERT promoter mutations, hence the association with worst survival. However, the results from the study are only preliminary with limited patient data, therefore, require a cautious interpretation. The observations in this study, if confirmed, could have implications for melanoma patients treated with MAP-kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Nalini Srinivas
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Skorokhod
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Virtudes Soriano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain.,School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", València, Spain
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Rachakonda S, Kong H, Srinivas N, Garcia-Casado Z, Requena C, Fallah M, Heidenreich B, Planelles D, Traves V, Schadendorf D, Nagore E, Kumar R. Telomere length, telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations, and melanoma risk. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:564-572. [PMID: 30203894 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere repeats at chromosomal ends, critical for genomic integrity, undergo age-dependent attrition and telomere length has been associated with different disorders including cancers. In this study, based on 1469 patients and 1158 healthy controls, we show a statistically significant (P = 6 × 10-10 ) association between increased telomere length and melanoma risk. Mendelian randomization, using 5 telomere length-associated polymorphisms, ruled out confounding factors or reverse causality and showed association between increased telomere length and melanoma risk with odds ratio of 2.66 (95% confidence interval: 2.07-3.25). Age-dependent telomere attrition was faster in melanoma cases than controls (P = .01). The carriers of a highly penetrant germline -57A>C TERT promoter mutation, in a previously reported melanoma family, had longer telomeres than the noncarriers. The mutation causes increased TERT and telomerase levels through creation of a binding motif for E-twenty six (ETS) transcription factors and the carriers develop melanoma with an early age of onset and rapid progression to metastasis. In analogy, we hypothesize that increased telomere length in melanoma patients reflects stochastic increased telomerase levels due to common genetic variation. Paradoxically, we observed shorter telomeres (P = 1 × 10-5 ) in primary tumors from unrelated melanoma patients with (121) than without (170) somatic TERT promoter mutations that similar to the germline mutation, also create binding motifs for ETS transcription factors. However, the age-dependent telomere attrition was faster in tumors with the TERT promoter mutations than in those without such mutations. Besides a robust association between increased telomere length and risk, our data show a perturbed telomere homeostasis in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiying Kong
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nalini Srinivas
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zaida Garcia-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mahdi Fallah
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Heidenreich
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Victor Traves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Rachakonda S, Srinivas N, Mahmoudpour SH, Garcia-Casado Z, Requena C, Traves V, Soriano V, Cardelli M, Pjanova D, Molven A, Gruis N, Nagore E, Kumar R. Telomere length and survival in primary cutaneous melanoma patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10947. [PMID: 30026606 PMCID: PMC6053393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere repeats at chromosomal ends, critical to genomic integrity, undergo age-dependent attrition. Telomere length, a polygenic trait, has been associated with risk of several disorders including cancers. In contrast to association of long telomeres with increased risk of several cancers, including melanoma, emerging reports suggest that short telomeres predict poor survival in patients with different cancers. In this study based on 1019 stage I and II cutaneous melanoma patients, we show an association between the patients with short telomeres and poor melanoma-specific survival (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.33-3.16) compared to patients with long telomeres. Due to inverse correlation between age and telomere length (r -0.19, P < 0.0001), we stratified the patients into quantiles based on age at diagnosis and also carried out age-matched analysis. The effect of short telomeres on survival was determined by using multivariate Cox regression that included composite genetic risk score computed from genotyping of the patients for telomere-length associated polymorphisms. The effect of decreased telomere length on poor melanoma-specific survival was particularly strong in patients within the age quantile below 30 years (HR 3.82, 95% CI 1.10-13.30) and between 30-40 years (HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.03-7.03). Our study shows that in contrast to increased melanoma risk associated with increased telomere length, decreased telomere length predicts poor survival in melanoma subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nalini Srinivas
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Mahmoudpour
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zaida Garcia-Casado
- Labortory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Traves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Virtudes Soriano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maurizio Cardelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anders Molven
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gade Laboratory of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nelleke Gruis
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Rachakonda S, Srinivas N, Garcia-Casado Z, Requena C, Nagore E, Kumar R. Abstract 1407: Telomere length and melanoma survival. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Telomeres at chromosomal ends are comprised of multiple short repeat sequences. In humans TTAGGG repeats account for 10-15 kb of double-stranded telomeres that end in single stranded G-rich tails of about 150-200 nucleotides. Telomeres in somatic cells undergo gradual shortening due to inherent limitations of DNA replication and limited levels of specialized enzyme telomerase. We previously reported an association between increased telomere length and risk of melanoma. In this study based on 1019 stage I and II cutaneous melanoma patients, we determined the effect of telomere length on patient survival. The telomere length was measured in DNA from peripheral blood cells using monochrome multiplex quantitative real-time PCR where telomere repeat copy number (T) was compared to a single-copy gene, albumin (S) and results presented as relative telomere length based on T/S ratio. A univariate Cox regression showed increased patient survival with increased telomere length (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42-1.00, P 0.05). With every decrease in 1 unit of telomere length the estimated odds of survival decreased by an approximate factor of 1.54 (95%CI 1.00-2.38). A model based on median distribution showed short rather than long telomere associated with poor survival with hazard ratio (HR) of 2.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-3.16; log rank P 0.001); the model after adjustment with confounding factors including age at diagnosis showed a HR of 1.50 (95%CI 0.96-2.34). Stratification of patients based on median age showed statistically significant effect of decreased telomere length on poor survival in patients below the median age (HR 2.27 95%CI 1.09-4.27) but not in patients above the median age (HR 1.42 95%CI 0.82-2.46). Distribution of the patients into quantiles based on age showed the largest effect of decreased telomere length in patients younger than 30 years (HR 3.90 95%CI 1.28-11.93); the effect decreased with increasing age. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs131178082, rs7726159 and rs6060627, previously shown to be associated with telomere length, were used to construct a weighted genetic score and paradoxically, the patients carrying the alleles associated with increased telomere length showed poor survival with shorter telomeres (HR 2.94 95%CI 1.54-5.62). Multivariate analysis that included, age, sex, outdoor life style, presence of actinic keratosis, number of nevi, tumor location, tumor stage, Breslow thickness and tumor ulceration showed a statistically significant association between composite genetic score and poor survival (HR 2.68 95%CI 1.24-5.80). Thus, the results from the study show that in contrast to association between melanoma risk and increased telomere length, the decreased telomere length associates with poor patient survival. The adverse effect on survival due to decreased telomere length was more pronounced in young rather than old patients and on the patients carrying genotypes for longer telomeres.
Citation Format: Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Nalini Srinivas, Zaida Garcia-Casado, Celia Requena, Eduardo Nagore, Rajiv Kumar. Telomere length and melanoma survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1407.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- 1German Cancer Research Ctr., Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Vijayakrishnan J, Studd J, Broderick P, Kinnersley B, Holroyd A, Law PJ, Kumar R, Allan JM, Harrison CJ, Moorman AV, Vora A, Roman E, Rachakonda S, Kinsey SE, Sheridan E, Thompson PD, Irving JA, Koehler R, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Jöckel KH, Easton DF, Pharaoh PDP, Dunning AM, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai ZS, Muir K, Pashayan N, Greaves M, Zimmerman M, Bartram CR, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Hemminki K, Houlston RS. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for B-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1340. [PMID: 29632299 PMCID: PMC5890276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have advanced our understanding of susceptibility to B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL); however, much of the heritable risk remains unidentified. Here, we perform a GWAS and conduct a meta-analysis with two existing GWAS, totaling 2442 cases and 14,609 controls. We identify risk loci for BCP-ALL at 8q24.21 (rs28665337, P = 3.86 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.34) and for ETV6-RUNX1 fusion-positive BCP-ALL at 2q22.3 (rs17481869, P = 3.20 × 10-8, OR = 2.14). Our findings provide further insights into genetic susceptibility to ALL and its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Vijayakrishnan
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James M Allan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christine J Harrison
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ajay Vora
- Department of Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Eve Roman
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Sally E Kinsey
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Medical Genetics Research Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela D Thompson
- Paediatric and Familial Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Julie A Irving
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rolf Koehler
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, D-53012, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharaoh
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Frederico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - ZSofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Mel Greaves
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Martin Zimmerman
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus R Bartram
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- General Paediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
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25
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Heidenreich B, Denisova E, Rachakonda S, Sanmartin O, Dereani T, Hosen I, Nagore E, Kumar R. Genetic alterations in seborrheic keratoses. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36639-36649. [PMID: 28410231 PMCID: PMC5482683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic keratoses are common benign epidermal lesions that are associated with increased age and sun-exposure. Those lesions despite harboring multiple somatic alterations in contrast to malignant tumors appear to be genetically stable. In order to investigate and characterize the presence of recurrent mutations, we performed exome sequencing on DNA from one seborrheic keratosis lesion and corresponding blood cells from the same patients with follow up investigation of alterations identified by exome sequencing in 24 additional lesions from as many patients. In addition we investigated alterations in all lesions at specific genes loci that included FGFR3, PIK3CA, HRAS, BRAF, CDKN2A and TERT and DHPH3 promoters. The exome sequencing data indicated three mutations per Mb of the targeted sequence. The mutational pattern depicted typical UV signature with majority of alterations being C>T and CC>TT base changes at dipyrimidinic sites. The FGFR3 mutations were the most frequent, detected in 12 of 25 (48%) lesions, followed by the PIK3CA (32%), TERT promoter (24%) and DPH3 promoter mutations (24%). TERT promoter mutations associated with increased age and were present mainly in the lesions excised from head and neck. Three lesions also carried alterations in CDKN2A. FGFR3, TERT and DPH3 expression did not correlate with mutations in the respective genes and promoters; however, increased FGFR3 transcript levels were associated with increased FOXN1 levels, a suggested positive feedback loop that stalls malignant progression. Thus, in this study we report overall mutation rate through exome sequencing and show the most frequent mutations seborrheic keratosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Heidenreich
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evygenia Denisova
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Onofre Sanmartin
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Timo Dereani
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ismail Hosen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Zöchmeister C, Brezina S, Hofer P, Baierl A, Bergmann MM, Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Karner-Hanusch J, Stift A, Gerger A, Leeb G, Mach K, Rachakonda S, Kumar R, Gsur A. Leukocyte telomere length throughout the continuum of colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13582-13592. [PMID: 29568379 PMCID: PMC5862600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and relatively high mortality there is strong interest in identification of clinically relevant biomarkers. Telomere shortening is supposed to contribute to genomic instability and crucially involved in process of carcinogenesis. Peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) telomere length was previously investigated in several studies as potential biomarker for CRC but with controversial results. This prompted us to investigate relative PBL telomere length in association with different histological findings throughout the continuum of colorectal carcinogenesis in order to reflect the whole spectrum of putative CRC development in a large study involving 2011 individuals. The study based on the Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA), including 384 CRC cases as well as age- and gender-matched 544 high-risk adenomas, 537 low-risk adenoma patients and 546 colonoscopy-negative controls. Relative expression of telomeric repeats and the single copy reference gene, albumin (T/S ratio) was determined using monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR (MMQPCR). Telomeres were found to be significantly longer in CRC patients compared to control subjects (P = 3.61x10-6). Yet, no significant differences in telomere length could be detected for high-risk (P = 0.05956) and low-risk colorectal adenoma patients (P = 0.05224). In addition, results presented in this manuscript highlight the impact of various epidemiological factors on PBL telomere length and its involvement in CRC. However, further large studies also including colorectal adenomas are necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Zöchmeister
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Baierl
- University of Vienna, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Anton Stift
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Surgery, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Leeb
- Hospital Oberpullendorf, Burgenland, Austria
| | - Karl Mach
- Hospital Oberpullendorf, Burgenland, Austria
| | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Kroupa M, Polivkova Z, Rachakonda S, Schneiderova M, Vodenkova S, Buchler T, Jiraskova K, Urbanova M, Vodickova L, Hemminki K, Kumar R, Vodicka P. Bleomycin‐induced chromosomal damage and shortening of telomeres in peripheral blood lymphocytes of incident cancer patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:61-69. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kroupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles UniversityPilsen30605 Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of CancerInstitute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague14220 Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Polivkova
- Department of Medical GeneticsThird Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPrague10000 Czech Republic
| | | | - Michaela Schneiderova
- Department of SurgeryGeneral University Hospital in PraguePrague12800 Czech Republic
| | - Sona Vodenkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of CancerInstitute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague14220 Czech Republic
- Department of Medical GeneticsThird Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPrague10000 Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPrague12800 Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of OncologyFirst Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer HospitalPrague, 14059 Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jiraskova
- Department of Molecular Biology of CancerInstitute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague14220 Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPrague12800 Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Urbanova
- Department of Molecular Biology of CancerInstitute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague14220 Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPrague12800 Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles UniversityPilsen30605 Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of CancerInstitute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague14220 Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPrague12800 Czech Republic
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg69120 Germany
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg69120 Germany
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles UniversityPilsen30605 Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Biology of CancerInstitute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague14220 Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles UniversityPrague12800 Czech Republic
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28
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de Lacy N, Doherty D, King BH, Rachakonda S, Calhoun VD. Disruption to control network function correlates with altered dynamic connectivity in the wider autism spectrum. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:513-524. [PMID: 28652966 PMCID: PMC5473646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a common developmental condition with a wide, variable range of co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms. Contrasting with most extant studies, we explored whole-brain functional organization at multiple levels simultaneously in a large subject group reflecting autism's clinical diversity, and present the first network-based analysis of transient brain states, or dynamic connectivity, in autism. Disruption to inter-network and inter-system connectivity, rather than within individual networks, predominated. We identified coupling disruption in the anterior-posterior default mode axis, and among specific control networks specialized for task start cues and the maintenance of domain-independent task positive status, specifically between the right fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks and default mode network subsystems. These appear to propagate downstream in autism, with significantly dampened subject oscillations between brain states, and dynamic connectivity configuration differences. Our account proposes specific motifs that may provide candidates for neuroimaging biomarkers within heterogeneous clinical populations in this diverse condition. Presents the first network-based treatment of dynamic connectivity in autism Analyzes whole-brain functional organization at multiple levels simultaneously Examines motifs in a large subject group reflecting autism's clinical diversity Utilizes a high-order model to delineate a more complete set of brain networks Uncovers significant coupling differences among control networks in autism
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Affiliation(s)
- N de Lacy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - D Doherty
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Developmental and Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - B H King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - S Rachakonda
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - V D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Hemminki K, Rachakonda S, Musak L, Vymetalkova V, Halasova E, Försti A, Vodickova L, Buchancova J, Vodicka P, Kumar R. Telomere length in circulating lymphocytes: Association with chromosomal aberrations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 54:194-6. [PMID: 25428887 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69121, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Kumar R, Heidenreich B, Hosen I, Rachakonda S, Hemminki K. Abstract 559: Patterns of Telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT) promoter mutations in melanoma and bladder cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We previously reported a disease segregating causal germline mutation in a melanoma family and recurrent somatic mutations in metastasized tumours from unrelated patients within the core promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene1. Both the germline mutation at -57 bp from ATG start site and somatic mutations at -124 bp, -124/-125 bp, -138/-139 bp and -146 bp from ATG result in de novo creation of Ets/TCF transcription factor binding motifs that lead to the increased gene expression. Subsequent studies have shown that TERT promoter mutations are not only confined to melanoma and are rather recurrent in different cancer types that include bladder cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma and others. In this study we show the difference in pattern of the TERT promoter mutations between melanoma and bladder cancer. While in melanoma the -146 C>T mutation is the most frequent detected somatic base change in the TERT promoter, the -124 C>T mutation is overwhelmingly the most common mutation in bladder cancer. In melanoma CC>TT tandem mutations at -124/-125 bp and -138/-139 bp positions from ATG constitute about 10 percent of the detected TERT promoter mutations whereas in bladder cancer we did not detect any tandem mutations. The differences in the mutational pattern reflect etiological differences between the cancer types. In conclusion, the pattern of mutations in the TERT promoter differ between the cancer types even though all common mutations within the TERT promoter result in de novo creation of a common CCGGAA/T motif for Ets/TCF transcription factors.
1Horn S, Figl A, Rachakonda PS, Fischer C, Sucker A, Gast A, Kadel S, Moll I, Nagore E, Hemminki K, Schadendorf D, Kumar R. TERT promoter mutations in familial and sporadic melanoma. Science. 2013;22:339:959-961.
Citation Format: Rajiv Kumar, Barbara Heidenreich, Ismail Hosen, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Kari Hemminki. Patterns of Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in melanoma and bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 559. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-559
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ismail Hosen
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Simon M, Hosen I, Gousias K, Rachakonda S, Heidenreich B, Gessi M, Schramm J, Hemminki K, Waha A, Kumar R. TERT promoter mutations: a novel independent prognostic factor in primary glioblastomas. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:45-52. [PMID: 25140036 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating somatic mutations in the promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) have been detected in several cancers. In this study we investigated the TERT promoter mutations and their impact on patient survival in World Health Organization grade IV glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). METHODS The TERT core promoter region containing the previously described mutations and a common functional polymorphism (rs2853669) was sequenced in tumors and blood samples from 192 GBM patients. O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status was assessed by pyrosequencing in 177 (92.2%) cases. Relevant clinical data were obtained from a prospectively maintained electronic database. RESULTS We detected specific (-124 C>T and -146 C>T) TERT promoter mutations in 143/178 (80.3%) primary GBM and 4/14 (28.6%) secondary GBM (P < .001). The presence of TERT mutations was associated with poor overall survival, and the effect was confined to the patients who did not carry the variant G-allele for the rs2853669 polymorphism. An exploratory analysis suggested that TERT mutations might be prognostic only in patients who had incomplete resections and no temozolomide chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, specific TERT promoter mutations were markers of primary GBM and predicted patient survival in conjunction with a common functional polymorphism. The prognostic impact of TERT mutations was absent in patients with complete resections and temozolomide chemotherapy. If confirmed in additional studies, these findings may have clinical implications, that is, TERT mutations appear to characterize tumors that require aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Ismail Hosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Konstantinos Gousias
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Barbara Heidenreich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Marco Gessi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Johannes Schramm
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Andreas Waha
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.S., K.G., J.S.); German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (I.H., S.R., B.H., K.H., R.K.); Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany (M.G., A.W.); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (K.H.)
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Rachakonda S, Bauer A, Canzian F, Scarpa A, Neoptolemos J, Werner J, Giese N, Heller A, Hoheisel J, Kumar R. 703 K-Ras and CDKN2a Mutations in Pancreatic Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Campa D, Rizzato C, Bauer A, Rachakonda S, Giese N, Kumar R, Lorenzo-Bermejo J, Büchler M, Hoheisel J, Canzian F. 69 Post-GWAS pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci and their importance in survival. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bockholt HJ, Courtney WM, Scott AC, Rachakonda S, Caprihan A, Fries J, Kalyanam R, de la Garza RL, Scully MS, Calhoun VD. Mining the Mind Research Network: A Novel framework for exploring large scale, heterogeneous translational neuroscience research data sources. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Eichele T, Rachakonda S, Calhoun V. EEGIFT: A toolbox for group temporal ICA of event-related EEG. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Brunk I, Blex C, Rachakonda S, Höltje M, Winter S, Pahner I, Walther DJ, Ahnert-Hilger G. The first luminal domain of vesicular monoamine transporters mediates G-protein-dependent regulation of transmitter uptake. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:33373-85. [PMID: 16926160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603204200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) is down-regulated by the G-protein alpha-subunits of G(o2) and G(q), but the signaling pathways are not known. We show here that no such regulation is observed when VMAT1 or VMAT2 are expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, when the intracellular compartments of VMAT-expressing CHO cells are preloaded with different monoamines, transport becomes susceptible to G-protein-dependent regulation, with differences between the two transporter isoforms. Epinephrine induces G-protein-mediated inhibition of transmitter uptake in CHOVMAT1 cells but prevents inhibition induced by dopamine in CHOVMAT2 cells. Epinephrine also antagonizes G-protein-mediated inhibition of monoamine uptake by VMAT2 expressing platelets or synaptic vesicles. In CHOVMAT2 cells G-protein-mediated inhibition of monoamine uptake can be induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 1B receptor agonists, whereas alpha1 receptor agonists modulate uptake into CHOVMAT1 cells. Accordingly, 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B receptor antagonists prevent G-protein-mediated inhibition of uptake in partially filled platelets and synaptic vesicles expressing VMAT2. CHO cells expressing VMAT mutants with a shortened first vesicular loop transport monoamines. However, no or a reduced G-protein regulation of uptake can be initiated. In conclusion, vesicular content is involved in the activation of vesicle associated G-proteins via a structure sensing the luminal monoamine content. The first luminal loop of VMATs may represent a G-protein-coupled receptor that adapts vesicular filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Brunk
- Functional Cell Biology, Centre for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstrasse 12, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
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