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Beavogui A, Lacroix A, Wiart N, Poulain J, Delmont TO, Paoli L, Wincker P, Oliveira PH. The defensome of complex bacterial communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2146. [PMID: 38459056 PMCID: PMC10924106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have developed various defense mechanisms to avoid infection and killing in response to the fast evolution and turnover of viruses and other genetic parasites. Such pan-immune system (defensome) encompasses a growing number of defense lines that include well-studied innate and adaptive systems such as restriction-modification, CRISPR-Cas and abortive infection, but also newly found ones whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. While the abundance and distribution of defense systems is well-known in complete and culturable genomes, there is a void in our understanding of their diversity and richness in complex microbial communities. Here we performed a large-scale in-depth analysis of the defensomes of 7759 high-quality bacterial population genomes reconstructed from soil, marine, and human gut environments. We observed a wide variation in the frequency and nature of the defensome among large phyla, which correlated with lifestyle, genome size, habitat, and geographic background. The defensome's genetic mobility, its clustering in defense islands, and genetic variability was found to be system-specific and shaped by the bacterial environment. Hence, our results provide a detailed picture of the multiple immune barriers present in environmentally distinct bacterial communities and set the stage for subsequent identification of novel and ingenious strategies of diversification among uncultivated microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Beavogui
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Auriane Lacroix
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Wiart
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Julie Poulain
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 / Tara GOsee, Paris, France
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 / Tara GOsee, Paris, France
| | - Lucas Paoli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1284, Molecular Diversity of Microbes lab, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 / Tara GOsee, Paris, France
| | - Pedro H Oliveira
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry, France.
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2
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Meng L, Delmont TO, Gaïa M, Pelletier E, Fernàndez-Guerra A, Chaffron S, Neches RY, Wu J, Kaneko H, Endo H, Ogata H. Genomic adaptation of giant viruses in polar oceans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6233. [PMID: 37828003 PMCID: PMC10570341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being perennially frigid, polar oceans form an ecosystem hosting high and unique biodiversity. Various organisms show different adaptive strategies in this habitat, but how viruses adapt to this environment is largely unknown. Viruses of phyla Nucleocytoviricota and Mirusviricota are groups of eukaryote-infecting large and giant DNA viruses with genomes encoding a variety of functions. Here, by leveraging the Global Ocean Eukaryotic Viral database, we investigate the biogeography and functional repertoire of these viruses at a global scale. We first confirm the existence of an ecological barrier that clearly separates polar and nonpolar viral communities, and then demonstrate that temperature drives dramatic changes in the virus-host network at the polar-nonpolar boundary. Ancestral niche reconstruction suggests that adaptation of these viruses to polar conditions has occurred repeatedly over the course of evolution, with polar-adapted viruses in the modern ocean being scattered across their phylogeny. Numerous viral genes are specifically associated with polar adaptation, although most of their homologues are not identified as polar-adaptive genes in eukaryotes. These results suggest that giant viruses adapt to cold environments by changing their functional repertoire, and this viral evolutionary strategy is distinct from the polar adaptation strategy of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Meng
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, F-75016, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Gaïa
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, F-75016, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, F-75016, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Fernàndez-Guerra
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel Chaffron
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, F-75016, Paris, France
- Nantes Université, École Centrale Nantes, CNRS, LS2N, UMR 6004, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Russell Y Neches
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junyi Wu
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kaneko
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hisashi Endo
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.
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3
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Gaïa M, Meng L, Pelletier E, Forterre P, Vanni C, Fernandez-Guerra A, Jaillon O, Wincker P, Ogata H, Krupovic M, Delmont TO. Mirusviruses link herpesviruses to giant viruses. Nature 2023; 616:783-789. [PMID: 37076623 PMCID: PMC10132985 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA viruses have a major influence on the ecology and evolution of cellular organisms1-4, but their overall diversity and evolutionary trajectories remain elusive5. Here we carried out a phylogeny-guided genome-resolved metagenomic survey of the sunlit oceans and discovered plankton-infecting relatives of herpesviruses that form a putative new phylum dubbed Mirusviricota. The virion morphogenesis module of this large monophyletic clade is typical of viruses from the realm Duplodnaviria6, with multiple components strongly indicating a common ancestry with animal-infecting Herpesvirales. Yet, a substantial fraction of mirusvirus genes, including hallmark transcription machinery genes missing in herpesviruses, are closely related homologues of giant eukaryotic DNA viruses from another viral realm, Varidnaviria. These remarkable chimaeric attributes connecting Mirusviricota to herpesviruses and giant eukaryotic viruses are supported by more than 100 environmental mirusvirus genomes, including a near-complete contiguous genome of 432 kilobases. Moreover, mirusviruses are among the most abundant and active eukaryotic viruses characterized in the sunlit oceans, encoding a diverse array of functions used during the infection of microbial eukaryotes from pole to pole. The prevalence, functional activity, diversification and atypical chimaeric attributes of mirusviruses point to a lasting role of Mirusviricota in the ecology of marine ecosystems and in the evolution of eukaryotic DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Gaïa
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Vanni
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fernandez-Guerra
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olivier Jaillon
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.
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4
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Richter DJ, Watteaux R, Vannier T, Leconte J, Frémont P, Reygondeau G, Maillet N, Henry N, Benoit G, Da Silva O, Delmont TO, Fernàndez-Guerra A, Suweis S, Narci R, Berney C, Eveillard D, Gavory F, Guidi L, Labadie K, Mahieu E, Poulain J, Romac S, Roux S, Dimier C, Kandels S, Picheral M, Searson S, Pesant S, Aury JM, Brum JR, Lemaitre C, Pelletier E, Bork P, Sunagawa S, Lombard F, Karp-Boss L, Bowler C, Sullivan MB, Karsenti E, Mariadassou M, Probert I, Peterlongo P, Wincker P, de Vargas C, Ribera d'Alcalà M, Iudicone D, Jaillon O. Genomic evidence for global ocean plankton biogeography shaped by large-scale current systems. eLife 2022; 11:78129. [PMID: 35920817 PMCID: PMC9348854 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogeographical studies have traditionally focused on readily visible organisms, but recent technological advances are enabling analyses of the large-scale distribution of microscopic organisms, whose biogeographical patterns have long been debated. Here we assessed the global structure of plankton geography and its relation to the biological, chemical, and physical context of the ocean (the ‘seascape’) by analyzing metagenomes of plankton communities sampled across oceans during the Tara Oceans expedition, in light of environmental data and ocean current transport. Using a consistent approach across organismal sizes that provides unprecedented resolution to measure changes in genomic composition between communities, we report a pan-ocean, size-dependent plankton biogeography overlying regional heterogeneity. We found robust evidence for a basin-scale impact of transport by ocean currents on plankton biogeography, and on a characteristic timescale of community dynamics going beyond simple seasonality or life history transitions of plankton. Oceans are brimming with life invisible to our eyes, a myriad of species of bacteria, viruses and other microscopic organisms essential for the health of the planet. These ‘marine plankton’ are unable to swim against currents and should therefore be constantly on the move, yet previous studies have suggested that distinct species of plankton may in fact inhabit different oceanic regions. However, proving this theory has been challenging; collecting plankton is logistically difficult, and it is often impossible to distinguish between species simply by examining them under a microscope. However, within the last decade, a research schooner called Tara has travelled the globe to gather thousands of plankton samples. At the same time, advances in genomics have made it possible to identify species based only on fragments of their DNA sequence. To understand the hidden geography of plankton communities in Earth’s oceans, Richter et al. pored over DNA from the Tara Oceans expedition. This revealed that, despite being unable to resist the flow of water, various planktonic species which live close to the surface manage to occupy distinct, stable provinces shaped by currents. Different sizes of plankton are distributed in different sized provinces, with the smallest organisms tending to inhabit the smallest areas. Comparing DNA similarities and speeds of currents at the ocean surface revealed how these might stretch and mix plankton communities. Plankton play a critical role in the health of the ocean and the chemical cycles of planet Earth. These results could allow deeper investigation by marine modellers, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists. Meanwhile, work is already underway to investigate how climate change might impact this hidden geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Richter
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France.,Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Watteaux
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.,CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297, Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Vannier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM, Marseille, France
| | - Jade Leconte
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Paul Frémont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia. Aquatic Ecosystems Research Lab, Vancouver, Canada.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nicolas Maillet
- Institut pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Henry
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Benoit
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inria, IRISA-UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Ophélie Da Silva
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Fernàndez-Guerra
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Samir Suweis
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'G. Galilei' & CNISM, INFN, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Romain Narci
- MaIAGE, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cédric Berney
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Damien Eveillard
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Nantes Université, Ecole Centrale Nantes, CNRS, LS2N, Nantes, France
| | - Frederick Gavory
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Lionel Guidi
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Karine Labadie
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Eric Mahieu
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Julie Poulain
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Romac
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Simon Roux
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Céline Dimier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Kandels
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Directors' Research European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Picheral
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sarah Searson
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Stéphane Pesant
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jennifer R Brum
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States
| | | | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Lombard
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Lee Karp-Boss
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, United States
| | - Chris Bowler
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,EMERGE Biology Integration Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States.,Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | - Eric Karsenti
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.,Directors' Research European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ian Probert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, ECOMAP, Roscoff, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Jaillon
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2O22/Tara GOSEE, Paris, France
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5
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Pessi IS, Viitamäki S, Virkkala AM, Eronen-Rasimus E, Delmont TO, Marushchak ME, Luoto M, Hultman J. In-depth characterization of denitrifier communities across different soil ecosystems in the tundra. Environ Microbiome 2022; 17:30. [PMID: 35690846 PMCID: PMC9188126 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to earlier assumptions, there is now mounting evidence for the role of tundra soils as important sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the microorganisms involved in the cycling of N2O in this system remain largely uncharacterized. Since tundra soils are variable sources and sinks of N2O, we aimed at investigating differences in community structure across different soil ecosystems in the tundra. RESULTS We analysed 1.4 Tb of metagenomic data from soils in northern Finland covering a range of ecosystems from dry upland soils to water-logged fens and obtained 796 manually binned and curated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We then searched for MAGs harbouring genes involved in denitrification, an important process driving N2O emissions. Communities of potential denitrifiers were dominated by microorganisms with truncated denitrification pathways (i.e., lacking one or more denitrification genes) and differed across soil ecosystems. Upland soils showed a strong N2O sink potential and were dominated by members of the Alphaproteobacteria such as Bradyrhizobium and Reyranella. Fens, which had in general net-zero N2O fluxes, had a high abundance of poorly characterized taxa affiliated with the Chloroflexota lineage Ellin6529 and the Acidobacteriota subdivision Gp23. CONCLUSIONS By coupling an in-depth characterization of microbial communities with in situ measurements of N2O fluxes, our results suggest that the observed spatial patterns of N2O fluxes in the tundra are related to differences in the composition of denitrifier communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S. Pessi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Yliopistonkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirja Viitamäki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Virkkala
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540-1644 USA
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Eronen-Rasimus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom O. Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Maija E. Marushchak
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Hultman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Yliopistonkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Vernette C, Lecubin J, Sánchez P, Sunagawa S, Delmont TO, Acinas SG, Pelletier E, Hingamp P, Lescot M. The Ocean Gene Atlas v2.0: online exploration of the biogeography and phylogeny of plankton genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:W516-W526. [PMID: 35687095 PMCID: PMC9252727 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Testing hypothesis about the biogeography of genes using large data resources such as Tara Oceans marine metagenomes and metatranscriptomes requires significant hardware resources and programming skills. The new release of the ‘Ocean Gene Atlas’ (OGA2) is a freely available intuitive online service to mine large and complex marine environmental genomic databases. OGA2 datasets available have been extended and now include, from the Tara Oceans portfolio: (i) eukaryotic Metagenome-Assembled-Genomes (MAGs) and Single-cell Assembled Genomes (SAGs) (10.2E+6 coding genes), (ii) version 2 of Ocean Microbial Reference Gene Catalogue (46.8E+6 non-redundant genes), (iii) 924 MetaGenomic Transcriptomes (7E+6 unigenes), (iv) 530 MAGs from an Arctic MAG catalogue (1E+6 genes) and (v) 1888 Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes (4.5E+6 genes), and an additional dataset from the Malaspina 2010 global circumnavigation: (vi) 317 Malaspina Deep Metagenome Assembled Genomes (0.9E+6 genes). Novel analyses enabled by OGA2 include phylogenetic tree inference to visualize user queries within their context of sequence homologues from both the marine environmental dataset and the RefSeq database. An Application Programming Interface (API) now allows users to query OGA2 using command-line tools, hence providing local workflow integration. Finally, gene abundance can be interactively filtered directly on map displays using any of the available environmental variables. Ocean Gene Atlas v2.0 is freely-available at: https://tara-oceans.mio.osupytheas.fr/ocean-gene-atlas/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vernette
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, Paris, France
| | | | - Pablo Sánchez
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, Paris, France.,Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Silvia G Acinas
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, Paris, France.,Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Pascal Hingamp
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Lescot
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, IRD, CNRS, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Marseille, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, Paris, France
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7
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Delmont TO, Gaia M, Hinsinger DD, Frémont P, Vanni C, Fernandez-Guerra A, Eren AM, Kourlaiev A, d'Agata L, Clayssen Q, Villar E, Labadie K, Cruaud C, Poulain J, Da Silva C, Wessner M, Noel B, Aury JM, de Vargas C, Bowler C, Karsenti E, Pelletier E, Wincker P, Jaillon O, Acinas SG, Bork P, Karsenti E, Bowler C, Sardet C, Stemmann L, de Vargas C, Wincker P, Lescot M, Babin M, Gorsky G, Grimsley N, Guidi L, Hingamp P, Jaillon O, Kandels S, Iudicone D, Ogata H, Pesant S, Sullivan MB, Not F, Lee KB, Boss E, Cochrane G, Follows M, Poulton N, Raes J, Sieracki M, Speich S. Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean. Cell Genom 2022; 2:100123. [PMID: 36778897 PMCID: PMC9903769 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could completely explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O. Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France,Corresponding author
| | - Morgan Gaia
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Damien D. Hinsinger
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Paul Frémont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Chiara Vanni
- Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fernandez-Guerra
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Murat Eren
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Artem Kourlaiev
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Leo d'Agata
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Quentin Clayssen
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Villar
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Karine Labadie
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Julie Poulain
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Da Silva
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Marc Wessner
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Noel
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Tara Oceans CoordinatorsSunagawaShinichi12AcinasSilvia G.13BorkPeer141516KarsentiEric171819BowlerChris1718SardetChristian1720StemmannLars1720de VargasColomban1721WinckerPatrick1722LescotMagali1723BabinMarcel1724GorskyGabriel1720GrimsleyNigel172526GuidiLionel1720HingampPascal1723JaillonOlivier1722KandelsStefanie1417IudiconeDaniele27OgataHiroyuki28PesantStéphane2930SullivanMatthew B.313233NotFabrice21LeeKarp-Boss34BossEmmanuel34CochraneGuy35FollowsMichael36PoultonNicole37RaesJeroen383940SierackiMike37SpeichSabrina4142Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, EtH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences–CsiC, Barcelona, SpainStructural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, GermanyMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, GermanyResearch Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, FranceInstitut de Biologie de l’ENS, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, FranceDirectors’ Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, GermanySorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire D’Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche- sur- Mer, FranceSorbonne Université and CNRS, UMR 7144 (AD2M), ECOMAP, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, FranceGénomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique, CNrs, Université Evry, Université Paris- Saclay, Evry, FranceAix Marseille Universit/e, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, FranceDépartement de Biologie, Québec Océan and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI 3376), Université Laval (Canada)–CNRS (France), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, CanadaCNRS UMR 7232, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Banyuls- sur- Mer, FranceSorbonne Universités Paris 06, OOB UPMC, Banyuls- sur- Mer, FranceStazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanPaNGaea, University of Bremen, Bremen, GermanyMaruM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USADepartment of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USACenter for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USASchool of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USAEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Welcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USABigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumCenter for the Biology of Disease, VIB KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, FranceOcean Physics Laboratory, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France,Sorbonne Université and CNRS, UMR 7144 (AD2M), ECOMAP, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France,Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Eric Karsenti
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France,Sorbonne Université and CNRS, UMR 7144 (AD2M), ECOMAP, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France,Directors’ Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Jaillon
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François-Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
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8
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Delmont TO, Pierella Karlusich JJ, Veseli I, Fuessel J, Eren AM, Foster RA, Bowler C, Wincker P, Pelletier E. Correction to: Heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are more abundant than their cyanobacterial counterparts in metagenomes covering most of the sunlit ocean. ISME J 2022; 16:1203. [PMID: 35058585 PMCID: PMC8940913 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France.
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France.
| | - Juan José Pierella Karlusich
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Iva Veseli
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jessika Fuessel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Rachel A Foster
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University Stockholm, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Chris Bowler
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France
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9
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Vanni C, Schechter MS, Acinas SG, Barberán A, Buttigieg PL, Casamayor EO, Delmont TO, Duarte CM, Eren AM, Finn RD, Kottmann R, Mitchell A, Sánchez P, Siren K, Steinegger M, Gloeckner FO, Fernàndez-Guerra A. Unifying the known and unknown microbial coding sequence space. eLife 2022; 11:67667. [PMID: 35356891 PMCID: PMC9132574 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes of unknown function are among the biggest challenges in molecular biology, especially in microbial systems, where 40–60% of the predicted genes are unknown. Despite previous attempts, systematic approaches to include the unknown fraction into analytical workflows are still lacking. Here, we present a conceptual framework, its translation into the computational workflow AGNOSTOS and a demonstration on how we can bridge the known-unknown gap in genomes and metagenomes. By analyzing 415,971,742 genes predicted from 1749 metagenomes and 28,941 bacterial and archaeal genomes, we quantify the extent of the unknown fraction, its diversity, and its relevance across multiple organisms and environments. The unknown sequence space is exceptionally diverse, phylogenetically more conserved than the known fraction and predominantly taxonomically restricted at the species level. From the 71 M genes identified to be of unknown function, we compiled a collection of 283,874 lineage-specific genes of unknown function for Cand. Patescibacteria (also known as Candidate Phyla Radiation, CPR), which provides a significant resource to expand our understanding of their unusual biology. Finally, by identifying a target gene of unknown function for antibiotic resistance, we demonstrate how we can enable the generation of hypotheses that can be used to augment experimental data. It is estimated that scientists do not know what half of microbial genes actually do. When these genes are discovered in microorganisms grown in the lab or found in environmental samples, it is not possible to identify what their roles are. Many of these genes are excluded from further analyses for these reasons, meaning that the study of microbial genes tends to be limited to genes that have already been described. These limitations hinder research into microbiology, because information from newly discovered genes cannot be integrated to better understand how these organisms work. Experiments to understand what role these genes have in the microorganisms are labor-intensive, so new analytical strategies are needed. To do this, Vanni et al. developed a new framework to categorize genes with unknown roles, and a computational workflow to integrate them into traditional analyses. When this approach was applied to over 400 million microbial genes (both with known and unknown roles), it showed that the share of genes with unknown functions is only about 30 per cent, smaller than previously thought. The analysis also showed that these genes are very diverse, revealing a huge space for future research and potential applications. Combining their approach with experimental data, Vanni et al. were able to identify a gene with a previously unknown purpose that could be involved in antibiotic resistance. This system could be useful for other scientists studying microorganisms to get a more complete view of microbial systems. In future, it may also be used to analyze the genetics of other organisms, such as plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vanni
- Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research G, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Silvia G Acinas
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CMIMA (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Barberán
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
| | - Pier Luigi Buttigieg
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Emilio O Casamayor
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes CEAB-CSIC, Spanish Council for Research, Blanes, Spain
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Robert D Finn
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Renzo Kottmann
- Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics Research G, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alex Mitchell
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Sánchez
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CMIMA (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kimmo Siren
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Steinegger
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Oliver Gloeckner
- MARUM, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fernàndez-Guerra
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Abstract
The emergence of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton is a critical yet puzzling step of eukaryogenesis. Actin and actin-related proteins (ARPs) are ubiquitous components of this cytoskeleton. The gene repertoire of the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA) would have therefore harbored both actin and various ARPs. Here, we report the presence and expression of actin-related genes in viral genomes (viractins) of some Imitervirales, a viral order encompassing the giant Mimiviridae. Phylogenetic analyses suggest an early recruitment of an actin-related gene by viruses from ancient proto-eukaryotic hosts before the emergence of modern eukaryotes, possibly followed by a back transfer that gave rise to eukaryotic actins. This supports a co-evolutionary scenario between pre-LECA lineages and their viruses, which could have contributed to the emergence of the modern eukaryotic cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Da Cunha
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Morgan Gaia
- Génomique Métabolique, Génoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Olivier Jaillon
- Génomique Métabolique, Génoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France.,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, Tara Oceans, FR2022, France /
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Génoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.,Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75017, France
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11
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Puetz LC, Delmont TO, Aizpurua O, Guo C, Zhang G, Katajamaa R, Jensen P, Gilbert MTP. Gut Microbiota Linked with Reduced Fear of Humans in Red Junglefowl Has Implications for Early Domestication. Adv Genet (Hoboken) 2021; 2:2100018. [PMID: 36619855 PMCID: PMC9744516 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Domestication of animals can lead to profound phenotypic modifications within short evolutionary time periods, and for many species behavioral selection is likely at the forefront of this process. Animal studies have strongly implicated that the gut microbiome plays a major role in host behavior and cognition through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Consequently, herein, it is hypothesized that host gut microbiota may be one of the earliest phenotypes to change as wild animals were domesticated. Here, the gut microbiome community in two selected lines of red junglefowl that are selected for either high or low fear of humans up to eight generations is examined. Microbiota profiles reveal taxonomic differences in gut bacteria known to produce neuroactive compounds between the two selection lines. Gut-brain module analysis by means of genome-resolved metagenomics identifies enrichment in the microbial synthesis and degradation potential of metabolites associated with fear extinction and reduces anxiety-like behaviors in low fear fowls. In contrast, high fear fowls are enriched in gut-brain modules from the butyrate and glutamate pathways, metabolites associated with fear conditioning. Overall, the results identify differences in the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota across selection lines that may provide insights into the mechanistic explanations of the domestication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C. Puetz
- Center for Evolutionary HologenomicsGLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen1353Denmark
| | - Tom O. Delmont
- Génomique MétaboliqueGenoscopeInstitut François JacobCEACNRSUniv EvryUniversité Paris‐SaclayEvry91057France
| | - Ostaizka Aizpurua
- Center for Evolutionary HologenomicsGLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen1353Denmark
| | - Chunxue Guo
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Guojie Zhang
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China,Villum Center for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen2100Denmark,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China
| | - Rebecca Katajamaa
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköping58330Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköping58330Sweden
| | - M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary HologenomicsGLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen1353Denmark,Department of Natural History, NTNU University MuseumNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway
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12
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Delmont TO, Pierella Karlusich JJ, Veseli I, Fuessel J, Eren AM, Foster RA, Bowler C, Wincker P, Pelletier E. Heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are more abundant than their cyanobacterial counterparts in metagenomes covering most of the sunlit ocean. ISME J 2021; 16:927-936. [PMID: 34697433 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation contributes significantly to marine primary productivity. The current view depicts few cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the main marine nitrogen fixers. Here, we used 891 Tara Oceans metagenomes derived from surface waters of five oceans and two seas to generate a manually curated genomic database corresponding to free-living, filamentous, colony-forming, particle-attached, and symbiotic bacterial and archaeal populations. The database provides the genomic content of eight cyanobacterial diazotrophs including a newly discovered population related to known heterocystous symbionts of diatoms, as well as 40 heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs that considerably expand the known diversity of abundant marine nitrogen fixers. These 48 populations encapsulate 92% of metagenomic signal for known nifH genes in the sunlit ocean, suggesting that the genomic characterization of the most abundant marine diazotrophs may be nearing completion. Newly identified heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs are widespread, express their nifH genes in situ, and also occur in large planktonic size fractions where they might form aggregates that provide the low-oxygen microenvironments required for nitrogen fixation. Critically, we found heterotrophic bacterial diazotrophs to be more abundant than cyanobacterial diazotrophs in most metagenomes from the open oceans and seas, emphasizing the importance of a wide range of heterotrophic populations in the marine nitrogen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France. .,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France.
| | - Juan José Pierella Karlusich
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Iva Veseli
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jessika Fuessel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Rachel A Foster
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University Stockholm, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Chris Bowler
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean systems ecology and evolution, FR2022/Tara GOsee, Paris, France
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13
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Miyoshi J, Miyoshi S, Delmont TO, Cham C, Lee STM, Sakatani A, Yang K, Shan Y, Kennedy M, Kiefl E, Yousef M, Crosson S, Sogin M, Antonopoulos DA, Eren AM, Leone V, Chang EB. Early-Life Microbial Restitution Reduces Colitis Risk Promoted by Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis in Interleukin 10 -/- Mice. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:940-952.e15. [PMID: 34111469 PMCID: PMC8577987 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Perturbations in the early-life gut microbiome are associated with increased risk for complex immune disorders like inflammatory bowel diseases. We previously showed that maternal antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis vertically transmitted to offspring increases experimental colitis risk in interleukin (IL) 10 gene deficient (IL10-/-) mice, a finding that may result from the loss/lack of essential microbes needed for appropriate immunologic education early in life. Here, we aimed to identify key microbes required for proper development of the early-life gut microbiome that decrease colitis risk in genetically susceptible animals. METHODS Metagenomic sequencing followed by reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes was performed on fecal samples of IL10-/- mice with and without antibiotic-induced dysbiosis to identify potential missing microbial members needed for immunologic education. One high-value target strain was then engrafted early and/or late into the gut microbiomes of IL10-/- mice with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. RESULTS Early-, but not late-, life engraftment of a single dominant Bacteroides strain of non-antibiotic-treated IL10-/- mice was sufficient to restore the development of the gut microbiome, promote immune tolerance, and prevent colitis in IL10-/- mice that had antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS Restitution of a keystone microbial strain missing in the early-life antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis results in recovery of the microbiome, proper development of immune tolerance, and reduced risk for colitis in genetically prone hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois; Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois; Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Candace Cham
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sonny T M Lee
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Aki Sakatani
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen Yang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yue Shan
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Evan Kiefl
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois; Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mahmoud Yousef
- Undergraduate Program, Department of Computer Science, The University of Chicago John Crerar Library, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Mitchell Sogin
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | | | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois; Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Chicago, Illinois.
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14
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Bulankova P, Sekulić M, Jallet D, Nef C, van Oosterhout C, Delmont TO, Vercauteren I, Osuna-Cruz CM, Vancaester E, Mock T, Sabbe K, Daboussi F, Bowler C, Vyverman W, Vandepoele K, De Veylder L. Mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes drives genomic diversity in diatoms. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3221-3232.e9. [PMID: 34102110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, an evolutionarily successful group of microalgae, display high levels of intraspecific genetic variability in natural populations. However, the contribution of various mechanisms generating such diversity is unknown. Here we estimated the genetic micro-diversity within a natural diatom population and mapped the genomic changes arising within clonally propagated diatom cell cultures. Through quantification of haplotype diversity by next-generation sequencing and amplicon re-sequencing of selected loci, we documented a rapid accumulation of multiple haplotypes accompanied by the appearance of novel protein variants in cell cultures initiated from a single founder cell. Comparison of the genomic changes between mother and daughter cells revealed copy number variation and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity leading to the fixation of alleles within individual daughter cells. The loss of heterozygosity can be accomplished by recombination between homologous chromosomes. To test this hypothesis, we established an endogenous readout system and estimated that the frequency of interhomolog mitotic recombination was under standard growth conditions 4.2 events per 100 cell divisions. This frequency is increased under environmental stress conditions, including treatment with hydrogen peroxide and cadmium. These data demonstrate that copy number variation and mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes underlie clonal variability in diatom populations. We discuss the potential adaptive evolutionary benefits of the plastic response in the interhomolog mitotic recombination rate, and we propose that this may have contributed to the ecological success of diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bulankova
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mirna Sekulić
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denis Jallet
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Nef
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristina Maria Osuna-Cruz
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmelien Vancaester
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fayza Daboussi
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Kijima S, Delmont TO, Miyazaki U, Gaia M, Endo H, Ogata H. Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:683294. [PMID: 34163457 PMCID: PMC8215601 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) infect diverse eukaryotes and form a group of viruses with capsids encapsulating large genomes. Recent studies are increasingly revealing a spectacular array of functions encoded in their genomes, including genes for energy metabolisms, nutrient uptake, as well as cytoskeleton. Here, we report the discovery of genes homologous to myosins, the major eukaryotic motor proteins previously unrecognized in the virosphere, in environmental genomes of NCLDVs from the surface of the oceans. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that most viral myosins (named "virmyosins") belong to the Imitervirales order, except for one belonging to the Phycodnaviridae family. On the one hand, the phylogenetic positions of virmyosin-encoding Imitervirales are scattered within the Imitervirales. On the other hand, Imitervirales virmyosin genes form a monophyletic group in the phylogeny of diverse myosin sequences. Furthermore, phylogenetic trends for the virmyosin genes and viruses containing them were incongruent. Based on these results, we argue that multiple transfers of myosin homologs have occurred not only from eukaryotes to viruses but also between viruses, supposedly during co-infections of the same host. Like other viruses that use host motor proteins for their intracellular transport or motility, these viruses may use the virally encoded myosins for the intracellular trafficking of giant viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Kijima
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Tom O. Delmont
- Metabolic Genomics, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Évry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Urara Miyazaki
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Microbiology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morgan Gaia
- Metabolic Genomics, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Évry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Hisashi Endo
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
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16
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Rasmussen JA, Villumsen KR, Duchêne DA, Puetz LC, Delmont TO, Sveier H, Jørgensen LVG, Præbel K, Martin MD, Bojesen AM, Gilbert MTP, Kristiansen K, Limborg MT. Genome-resolved metagenomics suggests a mutualistic relationship between Mycoplasma and salmonid hosts. Commun Biol 2021; 4:579. [PMID: 33990699 PMCID: PMC8121932 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonids are important sources of protein for a large proportion of the human population. Mycoplasma species are a major constituent of the gut microbiota of salmonids, often representing the majority of microbiota. Despite the frequent reported dominance of salmonid-related Mycoplasma species, little is known about the phylogenomic placement, functions and potential evolutionary relationships with their salmonid hosts. In this study, we utilise 2.9 billion metagenomic reads generated from 12 samples from three different salmonid host species to I) characterise and curate the first metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Mycoplasma dominating the intestines of three different salmonid species, II) establish the phylogeny of these salmonid candidate Mycoplasma species, III) perform a comprehensive pangenomic analysis of Mycoplasma, IV) decipher the putative functionalities of the salmonid MAGs and reveal specific functions expected to benefit the host. Our data provide a basis for future studies examining the composition and function of the salmonid microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Rasmussen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kasper R Villumsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David A Duchêne
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lara C Puetz
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders M Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Veterinary Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Morten T Limborg
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Guo J, Bolduc B, Zayed AA, Varsani A, Dominguez-Huerta G, Delmont TO, Pratama AA, Gazitúa MC, Vik D, Sullivan MB, Roux S. VirSorter2: a multi-classifier, expert-guided approach to detect diverse DNA and RNA viruses. Microbiome 2021; 9:37. [PMID: 33522966 PMCID: PMC7852108 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are a significant player in many biosphere and human ecosystems, but most signals remain "hidden" in metagenomic/metatranscriptomic sequence datasets due to the lack of universal gene markers, database representatives, and insufficiently advanced identification tools. RESULTS Here, we introduce VirSorter2, a DNA and RNA virus identification tool that leverages genome-informed database advances across a collection of customized automatic classifiers to improve the accuracy and range of virus sequence detection. When benchmarked against genomes from both isolated and uncultivated viruses, VirSorter2 uniquely performed consistently with high accuracy (F1-score > 0.8) across viral diversity, while all other tools under-detected viruses outside of the group most represented in reference databases (i.e., those in the order Caudovirales). Among the tools evaluated, VirSorter2 was also uniquely able to minimize errors associated with atypical cellular sequences including eukaryotic genomes and plasmids. Finally, as the virosphere exploration unravels novel viral sequences, VirSorter2's modular design makes it inherently able to expand to new types of viruses via the design of new classifiers to maintain maximal sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION With multi-classifier and modular design, VirSorter2 demonstrates higher overall accuracy across major viral groups and will advance our knowledge of virus evolution, diversity, and virus-microbe interaction in various ecosystems. Source code of VirSorter2 is freely available ( https://bitbucket.org/MAVERICLab/virsorter2 ), and VirSorter2 is also available both on bioconda and as an iVirus app on CyVerse ( https://de.cyverse.org/de ). Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ben Bolduc
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ahmed A Zayed
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Dean Vik
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Center of Microbiome Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Simon Roux
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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18
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Shaiber A, Willis AD, Delmont TO, Roux S, Chen LX, Schmid AC, Yousef M, Watson AR, Lolans K, Esen ÖC, Lee STM, Downey N, Morrison HG, Dewhirst FE, Mark Welch JL, Eren AM. Functional and genetic markers of niche partitioning among enigmatic members of the human oral microbiome. Genome Biol 2020; 21:292. [PMID: 33323122 PMCID: PMC7739484 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial residents of the human oral cavity have long been a major focus of microbiology due to their influence on host health and intriguing patterns of site specificity amidst the lack of dispersal limitation. However, the determinants of niche partitioning in this habitat are yet to be fully understood, especially among taxa that belong to recently discovered branches of microbial life. RESULTS Here, we assemble metagenomes from tongue and dental plaque samples from multiple individuals and reconstruct 790 non-redundant genomes, 43 of which resolve to TM7, a member of the Candidate Phyla Radiation, forming six monophyletic clades that distinctly associate with either plaque or tongue. Both pangenomic and phylogenomic analyses group tongue-specific clades with other host-associated TM7 genomes. In contrast, plaque-specific TM7 group with environmental TM7 genomes. Besides offering deeper insights into the ecology, evolution, and mobilome of cryptic members of the oral microbiome, our study reveals an intriguing resemblance between dental plaque and non-host environments indicated by the TM7 evolution, suggesting that plaque may have served as a stepping stone for environmental microbes to adapt to host environments for some clades of microbes. Additionally, we report that prophages are widespread among oral-associated TM7, while absent from environmental TM7, suggesting that prophages may have played a role in adaptation of TM7 to the host environment. CONCLUSIONS Our data illuminate niche partitioning of enigmatic members of the oral cavity, including TM7, SR1, and GN02, and provide genomes for poorly characterized yet prevalent members of this biome, such as uncultivated Flavobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Shaiber
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Amy D Willis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Simon Roux
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lin-Xing Chen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Abigail C Schmid
- Computational and Applied Mathematics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mahmoud Yousef
- Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Andrea R Watson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Karen Lolans
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Özcan C Esen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sonny T M Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Nora Downey
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Floyd E Dewhirst
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jessica L Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
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19
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Delmont TO, Kiefl E, Kilinc O, Esen OC, Uysal I, Rappé MS, Giovannoni S, Eren AM. Single-amino acid variants reveal evolutionary processes that shape the biogeography of a global SAR11 subclade. eLife 2019; 8:46497. [PMID: 31478833 PMCID: PMC6721796 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the SAR11 order Pelagibacterales dominate the surface oceans. Their extensive diversity challenges emerging operational boundaries defined for microbial 'species' and complicates efforts of population genetics to study their evolution. Here, we employed single-amino acid variants (SAAVs) to investigate ecological and evolutionary forces that maintain the genomic heterogeneity within ubiquitous SAR11 populations we accessed through metagenomic read recruitment using a single isolate genome. Integrating amino acid and protein biochemistry with metagenomics revealed that systematic purifying selection against deleterious variants governs non-synonymous variation among very closely related populations of SAR11. SAAVs partitioned metagenomes into two main groups matching large-scale oceanic current temperatures, and six finer proteotypes that connect distant oceanic regions. These findings suggest that environmentally-mediated selection plays a critical role in the journey of cosmopolitan surface ocean microbial populations, and the idea 'everything is everywhere but the environment selects' has credence even at the finest resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Evan Kiefl
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ozsel Kilinc
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Ozcan C Esen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ismail Uysal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Michael S Rappé
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, United States
| | - Steven Giovannoni
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, United States
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20
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McKay LJ, Dlakić M, Fields MW, Delmont TO, Eren AM, Jay ZJ, Klingelsmith KB, Rusch DB, Inskeep WP. Co-occurring genomic capacity for anaerobic methane and dissimilatory sulfur metabolisms discovered in the Korarchaeota. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:614-622. [PMID: 30833730 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic and geological evidence supports the hypothesis that life on Earth originated in thermal environments and conserved energy through methanogenesis or sulfur reduction. Here we describe two populations of the deeply rooted archaeal phylum Korarchaeota, which were retrieved from the metagenome of a circumneutral, suboxic hot spring that contains high levels of sulfate, sulfide, methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. One population is closely related to 'Candidatus Korarchaeum cryptofilum OPF8', while the more abundant korarchaeote, 'Candidatus Methanodesulfokores washburnensis', contains genes that are necessary for anaerobic methane and dissimilatory sulfur metabolisms. Phylogenetic and ancestral reconstruction analyses suggest that methane metabolism originated in the Korarchaeota, whereas genes for dissimilatory sulfite reduction were horizontally transferred to the Korarchaeota from the Firmicutes. Interactions among enzymes involved in both metabolisms could facilitate exergonic, sulfite-dependent, anaerobic oxidation of methane to methanol; alternatively, 'Ca. M. washburnensis' could conduct methanogenesis and sulfur reduction independently. Metabolic reconstruction suggests that 'Ca. M. washburnensis' is a mixotroph, capable of amino acid uptake, assimilation of methane-derived carbon and/or CO2 fixation by archaeal type III-b RuBisCO for scavenging ribose carbon. Our findings link anaerobic methane metabolism and dissimilatory sulfur reduction within a single deeply rooted archaeal population and have implications for the evolution of these traits throughout the Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J McKay
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. .,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
| | - Mensur Dlakić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Matthew W Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Genoscope, Évry, France
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Zackary J Jay
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | | | - William P Inskeep
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. .,Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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21
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Delmont TO, Quince C, Shaiber A, Esen ÖC, Lee ST, Rappé MS, McLellan SL, Lücker S, Eren AM. Author Correction: Nitrogen-fixing populations of Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria are abundant in surface ocean metagenomes. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:963. [PMID: 30042441 PMCID: PMC7608358 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Alon Shaiber
- Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Özcan C Esen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonny Tm Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael S Rappé
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Sandra L McLellan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA. .,Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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22
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Kroeger ME, Delmont TO, Eren AM, Meyer KM, Guo J, Khan K, Rodrigues JLM, Bohannan BJM, Tringe SG, Borges CD, Tiedje JM, Tsai SM, Nüsslein K. New Biological Insights Into How Deforestation in Amazonia Affects Soil Microbial Communities Using Metagenomics and Metagenome-Assembled Genomes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1635. [PMID: 30083144 PMCID: PMC6064768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon occurs at an alarming rate, which has broad effects on global greenhouse gas emissions, carbon storage, and biogeochemical cycles. In this study, soil metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were analyzed for alterations to microbial community composition, functional groups, and putative physiology as it related to land-use change and tropical soil. A total of 28 MAGs were assembled encompassing 10 phyla, including both dominant and rare biosphere lineages. Amazon Acidobacteria subdivision 3, Melainabacteria, Microgenomates, and Parcubacteria were found exclusively in pasture soil samples, while Candidatus Rokubacteria was predominant in the adjacent rainforest soil. These shifts in relative abundance between land-use types were supported by the different putative physiologies and life strategies employed by the taxa. This research provides unique biological insights into candidate phyla in tropical soil and how deforestation may impact the carbon cycle and affect climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Kroeger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - A M Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Kyle M Meyer
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Jiarong Guo
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kiran Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jorge L M Rodrigues
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brendan J M Bohannan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | | | - Clovis D Borges
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Siu M Tsai
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Klaus Nüsslein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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23
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Delmont TO, Quince C, Shaiber A, Esen ÖC, Lee ST, Rappé MS, McLellan SL, Lücker S, Eren AM. Nitrogen-fixing populations of Planctomycetes and Proteobacteria are abundant in surface ocean metagenomes. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:804-813. [PMID: 29891866 PMCID: PMC6792437 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation in the surface ocean impacts global marine nitrogen bioavailability and thus microbial primary productivity. Until now, cyanobacterial populations have been viewed as the main suppliers of bioavailable nitrogen in this habitat. Although PCR amplicon surveys targeting the nitrogenase reductase gene have revealed the existence of diverse non-cyanobacterial diazotrophic populations, subsequent quantitative PCR surveys suggest that they generally occur in low abundance. Here, we use state-of-the-art metagenomic assembly and binning strategies to recover nearly one thousand non-redundant microbial population genomes from the TARA Oceans metagenomes. Among these, we provide the first genomic evidence for non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs inhabiting surface waters of the open ocean, which correspond to lineages within the Proteobacteria and, most strikingly, the Planctomycetes. Members of the latter phylum are prevalent in aquatic systems, but have never been linked to nitrogen fixation previously. Moreover, using genome-wide quantitative read recruitment, we demonstrate that the discovered diazotrophs were not only widespread but also remarkably abundant (up to 0.3% of metagenomic reads for a single population) in both the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean northwest. Our results extend decades of PCR-based gene surveys, and substantiate the importance of heterotrophic bacteria in the fixation of nitrogen in the surface ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Alon Shaiber
- Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Özcan C Esen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonny Tm Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael S Rappé
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Sandra L McLellan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA. .,Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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24
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Miyoshi J, Bobe AM, Miyoshi S, Huang Y, Hubert N, Delmont TO, Eren AM, Leone V, Chang EB. Peripartum Antibiotics Promote Gut Dysbiosis, Loss of Immune Tolerance, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Genetically Prone Offspring. Cell Rep 2018; 20:491-504. [PMID: 28700948 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors affecting the developing neonatal gut microbiome and immune networks may increase the risk of developing complex immune disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, peripartum antibiotics have been suggested as risk factors for human IBD, although direct evidence is lacking. Therefore, we examined the temporal impact of the commonly used antibiotic cefoperazone on both maternal and offspring microbiota when administered to dams during the peripartum period in the IL-10-deficient murine colitis model. By rigorously controlling for cage, gender, generational, and murine pathobiont confounders, we observed that offspring from cefoperazone-exposed dams develop a persistent gut dysbiosis into adulthood associated with skewing of the host immune system and increased susceptibility to spontaneous and chemically dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Thus, early life exposure to antibiotic-induced maternal dysbiosis during a critical developmental window for gut microbial assemblage and immune programming elicits a lasting impact of increased IBD risk on genetically susceptible offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandria M Bobe
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hubert
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Pangenomes offer detailed characterizations of core and accessory genes found in a set of closely related microbial genomes, generally by clustering genes based on sequence homology. In comparison, metagenomes facilitate highly resolved investigations of the relative distribution of microbial genomes and individual genes across environments through read recruitment analyses. Combining these complementary approaches can yield unique insights into the functional basis of microbial niche partitioning and fitness, however, advanced software solutions are lacking. Here we present an integrated analysis and visualization strategy that provides an interactive and reproducible framework to generate pangenomes and to study them in conjunction with metagenomes. To investigate its utility, we applied this strategy to a Prochlorococcus pangenome in the context of a large-scale marine metagenomic survey. The resulting Prochlorococcus metapangenome revealed remarkable differential abundance patterns between very closely related isolates that belonged to the same phylogenetic cluster and that differed by only a small number of gene clusters in the pangenome. While the relationships between these genomes based on gene clusters correlated with their environmental distribution patterns, phylogenetic analyses using marker genes or concatenated single-copy core genes did not recapitulate these patterns. The metapangenome also revealed a small set of core genes that mostly occurred in hypervariable genomic islands of the Prochlorococcus populations, which systematically lacked read recruitment from surface ocean metagenomes. Notably, these core gene clusters were all linked to sugar metabolism, suggesting potential benefits to Prochlorococcus from a high sequence diversity of sugar metabolism genes. The rapidly growing number of microbial genomes and increasing availability of environmental metagenomes provide new opportunities to investigate the functioning and the ecology of microbial populations, and metapangenomes can provide unique insights for any taxon and biome for which genomic and sufficiently deep metagenomic data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O. Delmont
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - A. Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
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26
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Anderson RE, Reveillaud J, Reddington E, Delmont TO, Eren AM, McDermott JM, Seewald JS, Huber JA. Genomic variation in microbial populations inhabiting the marine subseafloor at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1114. [PMID: 29066755 PMCID: PMC5655027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about evolutionary drivers of microbial populations in the warm subseafloor of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Here we reconstruct 73 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from two geochemically distinct vent fields in the Mid-Cayman Rise to investigate patterns of genomic variation within subseafloor populations. Low-abundance populations with high intra-population diversity coexist alongside high-abundance populations with low genomic diversity, with taxonomic differences in patterns of genomic variation between the mafic Piccard and ultramafic Von Damm vent fields. Populations from Piccard are significantly enriched in nonsynonymous mutations, suggesting stronger purifying selection in Von Damm relative to Piccard. Comparison of nine Sulfurovum MAGs reveals two high-coverage, low-diversity MAGs from Piccard enriched in unique genes related to the cellular membrane, suggesting these populations were subject to distinct evolutionary pressures that may correlate with genes related to nutrient uptake, biofilm formation, or viral invasion. These results are consistent with distinct evolutionary histories between geochemically different vent fields, with implications for understanding evolutionary processes in subseafloor microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika E Anderson
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA.
- Department of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA.
| | - Julie Reveillaud
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Cirad UMR 117, Inra UMR 1309 ASTRE, Cirad Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Emily Reddington
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Great Pond Foundation, Edgartown, MA, 02539, USA
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jill M McDermott
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Jeff S Seewald
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Julie A Huber
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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27
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Lee STM, Kahn SA, Delmont TO, Shaiber A, Esen ÖC, Hubert NA, Morrison HG, Antonopoulos DA, Rubin DT, Eren AM. Tracking microbial colonization in fecal microbiota transplantation experiments via genome-resolved metagenomics. Microbiome 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 28473000 PMCID: PMC5418705 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and shows promise for treating other medical conditions associated with intestinal dysbioses. However, we lack a sufficient understanding of which microbial populations successfully colonize the recipient gut, and the widely used approaches to study the microbial ecology of FMT experiments fail to provide enough resolution to identify populations that are likely responsible for FMT-derived benefits. METHODS We used shotgun metagenomics together with assembly and binning strategies to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from fecal samples of a single FMT donor. We then used metagenomic mapping to track the occurrence and distribution patterns of donor MAGs in two FMT recipients. RESULTS Our analyses revealed that 22% of the 92 highly complete bacterial MAGs that we identified from the donor successfully colonized and remained abundant in two recipients for at least 8 weeks. Most MAGs with a high colonization rate belonged to the order Bacteroidales. The vast majority of those that lacked evidence of colonization belonged to the order Clostridiales, and colonization success was negatively correlated with the number of genes related to sporulation. Our analysis of 151 publicly available gut metagenomes showed that the donor MAGs that colonized both recipients were prevalent, and the ones that colonized neither were rare across the participants of the Human Microbiome Project. Although our dataset showed a link between taxonomy and the colonization ability of a given MAG, we also identified MAGs that belong to the same taxon with different colonization properties, highlighting the importance of an appropriate level of resolution to explore the functional basis of colonization and to identify targets for cultivation, hypothesis generation, and testing in model systems. CONCLUSIONS The analytical strategy adopted in our study can provide genomic insights into bacterial populations that may be critical to the efficacy of FMT due to their success in gut colonization and metabolic properties, and guide cultivation efforts to investigate mechanistic underpinnings of this procedure beyond associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny T M Lee
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stacy A Kahn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Present address: Boston Children's Hospital, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alon Shaiber
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Özcan C Esen
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Hubert
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 02543, MA, USA
| | - Dionysios A Antonopoulos
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 02543, MA, USA.
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28
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Delmont TO, Eren AM. Identifying contamination with advanced visualization and analysis practices: metagenomic approaches for eukaryotic genome assemblies. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1839. [PMID: 27069789 PMCID: PMC4824900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing provides a fast and cost-effective mean to recover genomes of organisms from all domains of life. However, adequate curation of the assembly results against potential contamination of non-target organisms requires advanced bioinformatics approaches and practices. Here, we re-analyzed the sequencing data generated for the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini, and created a holistic display of the eukaryotic genome assembly using DNA data originating from two groups and eleven sequencing libraries. By using bacterial single-copy genes, k-mer frequencies, and coverage values of scaffolds we could identify and characterize multiple near-complete bacterial genomes from the raw assembly, and curate a 182 Mbp draft genome for H. dujardini supported by RNA-Seq data. Our results indicate that most contaminant scaffolds were assembled from Moleculo long-read libraries, and most of these contaminants have differed between library preparations. Our re-analysis shows that visualization and curation of eukaryotic genome assemblies can benefit from tools designed to address the needs of today’s microbiologists, who are constantly challenged by the difficulties associated with the identification of distinct microbial genomes in complex environmental metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , United States
| | - A Murat Eren
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States
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29
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Delmont TO, Eren AM, Vineis JH, Post AF. Genome reconstructions indicate the partitioning of ecological functions inside a phytoplankton bloom in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1090. [PMID: 26579075 PMCID: PMC4620155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctica polynyas support intense phytoplankton blooms, impacting their environment by a substantial depletion of inorganic carbon and nutrients. These blooms are dominated by the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica and they are accompanied by a distinct bacterial population. Yet, the ecological role these bacteria may play in P. antarctica blooms awaits elucidation of their functional gene pool and of the geochemical activities they support. Here, we report on a metagenome (~160 million reads) analysis of the microbial community associated with a P. antarctica bloom event in the Amundsen Sea polynya (West Antarctica). Genomes of the most abundant Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria populations have been reconstructed and a network analysis indicates a strong functional partitioning of these bacterial taxa. Three of them (SAR92, and members of the Oceanospirillaceae and Cryomorphaceae) are found in close association with P. antarctica colonies. Distinct features of their carbohydrate, nitrogen, sulfur and iron metabolisms may serve to support mutualistic relationships with P. antarctica. The SAR92 genome indicates a specialization in the degradation of fatty acids and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (compounds released by P. antarctica) into dimethyl sulfide, an aerosol precursor. The Oceanospirillaceae genome carries genes that may enhance algal physiology (cobalamin synthesis). Finally, the Cryomorphaceae genome is enriched in genes that function in cell or colony invasion. A novel pico-eukaryote, Micromonas related genome (19.6 Mb, ~94% completion) was also recovered. It contains the gene for an anti-freeze protein, which is lacking in Micromonas at lower latitudes. These draft genomes are representative for abundant microbial taxa across the Southern Ocean surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O. Delmont
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole, MA, USA
| | - A. Murat Eren
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H. Vineis
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Anton F. Post
- Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode IslandNarragansett, RI, USA
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Eren AM, Esen ÖC, Quince C, Vineis JH, Morrison HG, Sogin ML, Delmont TO. Anvi'o: an advanced analysis and visualization platform for 'omics data. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1319. [PMID: 26500826 PMCID: PMC4614810 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 967] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput sequencing and ‘omics technologies are revolutionizing studies of naturally occurring microbial communities. Comprehensive investigations of microbial lifestyles require the ability to interactively organize and visualize genetic information and to incorporate subtle differences that enable greater resolution of complex data. Here we introduce anvi’o, an advanced analysis and visualization platform that offers automated and human-guided characterization of microbial genomes in metagenomic assemblies, with interactive interfaces that can link ‘omics data from multiple sources into a single, intuitive display. Its extensible visualization approach distills multiple dimensions of information about each contig, offering a dynamic and unified work environment for data exploration, manipulation, and reporting. Using anvi’o, we re-analyzed publicly available datasets and explored temporal genomic changes within naturally occurring microbial populations through de novo characterization of single nucleotide variations, and linked cultivar and single-cell genomes with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data. Anvi’o is an open-source platform that empowers researchers without extensive bioinformatics skills to perform and communicate in-depth analyses on large ‘omics datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murat Eren
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, MA , United States ; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , United States
| | - Özcan C Esen
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, MA , United States
| | - Christopher Quince
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , Coventry , United Kingdom
| | - Joseph H Vineis
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, MA , United States
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, MA , United States
| | - Mitchell L Sogin
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, MA , United States
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, MA , United States
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Abstract
Integrons are bacterial genetic elements known to be active vectors of antibiotic resistance among clinical bacteria. They are also found in bacterial communities from natural environments. Although integrons have become especially efficient for bacterial adaptation in the particular context of antibiotic usage, their role in natural environments in other contexts is still unknown. Indeed, most studies have focused on integrons and the spread of antibiotic resistance in freshwater or soil impacted by anthropogenic activities, with only few on marine environments. Notably, integrons show a wider diversity of both gene cassettes and integrase gene in natural environments than in clinical environments, suggesting a general role of integrons in bacterial adaptation. This article reviews the current knowledge on integrons in marine environments. We also present conclusions of our studies on polluted and nonpolluted backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Abella
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France
| | - Ana Bielen
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lionel Huang
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France
- Euro Engineering, Technopole Hélioparc Bât Newton, 4 rue Jules Ferry, CS N 99207, 64053, Pau, Cedex 09, France
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Dušica Vujaklija
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Duran
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France
| | - Christine Cagnon
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau, Cedex, France.
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Abstract
Correctly identifying nearest “neighbors” of a given microorganism is important in industrial and clinical applications where close relationships imply similar treatment. Microbial classification based on similarity of physiological and genetic organism traits (polyphasic similarity) is experimentally difficult and, arguably, subjective. Evolutionary relatedness, inferred from phylogenetic markers, facilitates classification but does not guarantee functional identity between members of the same taxon or lack of similarity between different taxa. Using over thirteen hundred sequenced bacterial genomes, we built a novel function-based microorganism classification scheme, functional-repertoire similarity-based organism network (FuSiON; flattened to fusion). Our scheme is phenetic, based on a network of quantitatively defined organism relationships across the known prokaryotic space. It correlates significantly with the current taxonomy, but the observed discrepancies reveal both (1) the inconsistency of functional diversity levels among different taxa and (2) an (unsurprising) bias towards prioritizing, for classification purposes, relatively minor traits of particular interest to humans. Our dynamic network-based organism classification is independent of the arbitrary pairwise organism similarity cut-offs traditionally applied to establish taxonomic identity. Instead, it reveals natural, functionally defined organism groupings and is thus robust in handling organism diversity. Additionally, fusion can use organism meta-data to highlight the specific environmental factors that drive microbial diversification. Our approach provides a complementary view to cladistic assignments and holds important clues for further exploration of microbial lifestyles. Fusion is a more practical fit for biomedical, industrial, and ecological applications, as many of these rely on understanding the functional capabilities of the microbes in their environment and are less concerned with phylogenetic descent. Taxonomic classification of microorganisms according to similarity is important for industrial and clinical applications where close relationships imply similar uses and/or treatments. Current microbial taxonomy is phylogeny-guided, i.e., the organisms are grouped based on their evolutionary relationships, defined by vertical inheritance of genetic information from mother to daughter cells. Microbes, however, are capable of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Thus, the current taxonomic assignments cannot guarantee genome-encoded molecular functional similarity; i.e. two microbes of the same taxonomic group inhabiting different environments may be very different—just as your cousin may be more different from you than your unrelated best friend. Our work establishes a computational framework for comparison of microorganisms based on their molecular functionality. In our functional-repertoire similarity-based organism network (FuSiON; flattened to fusion) representation, organisms can be consistently assigned to groups based on a quantitative measure of their functional similarities. Our approach highlights the specific environmental factor(s) that explain the functional differences between groups of microorganism. Fusion is a more practical choice for biomedical, industrial, and ecological applications, as many of these rely on understanding the functional capabilities of the microbes in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CZ); (YB)
| | - Tom O. Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M. Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- * E-mail: (CZ); (YB)
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Delmont TO, Eren AM, Maccario L, Prestat E, Esen ÖC, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Simonet P, Vogel TM. Reconstructing rare soil microbial genomes using in situ enrichments and metagenomics. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:358. [PMID: 25983722 PMCID: PMC4415585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive direct sequencing efforts and advanced analytical tools, reconstructing microbial genomes from soil using metagenomics have been challenging due to the tremendous diversity and relatively uniform distribution of genomes found in this system. Here we used enrichment techniques in an attempt to decrease the complexity of a soil microbiome prior to sequencing by submitting it to a range of physical and chemical stresses in 23 separate microcosms for 4 months. The metagenomic analysis of these microcosms at the end of the treatment yielded 540 Mb of assembly using standard de novo assembly techniques (a total of 559,555 genes and 29,176 functions), from which we could recover novel bacterial genomes, plasmids and phages. The recovered genomes belonged to Leifsonia (n = 2), Rhodanobacter (n = 5), Acidobacteria (n = 2), Sporolactobacillus (n = 2, novel nitrogen fixing taxon), Ktedonobacter (n = 1, second representative of the family Ktedonobacteraceae), Streptomyces (n = 3, novel polyketide synthase modules), and Burkholderia (n = 2, includes mega-plasmids conferring mercury resistance). Assembled genomes averaged to 5.9 Mb, with relative abundances ranging from rare (<0.0001%) to relatively abundant (>0.01%) in the original soil microbiome. Furthermore, we detected them in samples collected from geographically distant locations, particularly more in temperate soils compared to samples originating from high-latitude soils and deserts. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first successful attempt to assemble multiple bacterial genomes directly from a soil sample. Our findings demonstrate that developing pertinent enrichment conditions can stimulate environmental genomic discoveries that would have been impossible to achieve with canonical approaches that focus solely upon post-sequencing data treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France ; Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole MA, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole MA, USA
| | - Lorrie Maccario
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
| | - Emmanuel Prestat
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
| | - Özcan C Esen
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole MA, USA
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Genoscope Evry, France ; UMR8030, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Evry, France ; Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne Evry, France
| | - Denis Le Paslier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Genoscope Evry, France ; UMR8030, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Evry, France ; Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne Evry, France
| | - Pascal Simonet
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampere, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
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Delmont TO, Hammar KM, Ducklow HW, Yager PL, Post AF. Phaeocystis antarctica blooms strongly influence bacterial community structures in the Amundsen Sea polynya. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:646. [PMID: 25566197 PMCID: PMC4271704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising temperatures and changing winds drive the expansion of the highly productive polynyas (open water areas surrounded by sea ice) abutting the Antarctic continent. Phytoplankton blooms in polynyas are often dominated by the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, and they generate the organic carbon that enters the resident microbial food web. Yet, little is known about how Phaeocystis blooms shape bacterial community structures and carbon fluxes in these systems. We identified the bacterial communities that accompanied a Phaeocystis bloom in the Amundsen Sea polynya during the austral summers of 2007–2008 and 2010–2011. These communities are distinct from those determined for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and off the Palmer Peninsula. Diversity patterns for most microbial taxa in the Amundsen Sea depended on location (e.g., waters abutting the pack ice near the shelf break and at the edge of the Dotson glacier) and depth, reflecting different niche adaptations within the confines of this isolated ecosystem. Inside the polynya, P. antarctica coexisted with the bacterial taxa Polaribacter sensu lato, a cryptic Oceanospirillum, SAR92 and Pelagibacter. These taxa were dominated by a single oligotype (genotypes partitioned by Shannon entropy analysis) and together contributed up to 73% of the bacterial community. Size fractionation of the bacterial community [<3 μm (free-living bacteria) vs. >3 μm (particle-associated bacteria)] identified several taxa (especially SAR92) that were preferentially associated with Phaeocystis colonies, indicative of a distinct role in Phaeocystis bloom ecology. In contrast, particle-associated bacteria at 250 m depth were enriched in Colwellia and members of the Cryomorphaceae suggesting that they play important roles in the decay of Phaeocystis blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Katherine M Hammar
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Hugh W Ducklow
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Patricia L Yager
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anton F Post
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution Woods Hole, MA, USA
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Nesme J, Cécillon S, Delmont TO, Monier JM, Vogel TM, Simonet P. Large-scale metagenomic-based study of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Curr Biol 2014; 24:1096-100. [PMID: 24814145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, including multiresistance acquisition and dissemination by pathogens, is a critical healthcare issue threatening our management of infectious diseases [1-3]. Rapid accumulation of resistance phenotypes implies a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance gene determinants (ARGDs) selected in response to inhibition of antibiotic concentrations, as found in hospitals [1, 3-5]. Antibiotic resistance genes were found in environmental isolates, soil DNA [4-6], secluded caves [6, 7], and permafrost DNA [7, 8]. Antibiotics target essential and ubiquitous cell functions, and resistance is a common characteristic of environmental bacteria [8-11]. Environmental ARGDs are an abundant reservoir of potentially transferable resistance for pathogens [9-12]. Using metagenomic sequences, we show that ARGDs can be detected in all (n=71) environments analyzed. Soil metagenomes had the most diverse pool of ARGDs. The most common types of resistances found in environmental metagenomes were efflux pumps and genes conferring resistance to vancomycin, tetracycline, or β-lactam antibiotics used in veterinary and human healthcare. Our study describes the diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in nonclinical environments and shows that these genes are not randomly distributed among different environments (e.g., soil, oceans or human feces).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nesme
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Sébastien Cécillon
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Jean-Michel Monier
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Pascal Simonet
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR 5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
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Jacquiod S, Demanèche S, Franqueville L, Ausec L, Xu Z, Delmont TO, Dunon V, Cagnon C, Mandic-Mulec I, Vogel TM, Simonet P. Characterization of new bacterial catabolic genes and mobile genetic elements by high throughput genetic screening of a soil metagenomic library. J Biotechnol 2014; 190:18-29. [PMID: 24721211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A mix of oligonucleotide probes was used to hybridize soil metagenomic DNA from a fosmid clone library spotted on high density membranes. The pooled radio-labeled probes were designed to target genes encoding glycoside hydrolases GH18, dehalogenases, bacterial laccases and mobile genetic elements (integrases from integrons and insertion sequences). Positive hybridizing spots were affiliated to the corresponding clones in the library and the metagenomic inserts were sequenced. After assembly and annotation, new coding DNA sequences related to genes of interest were identified with low protein similarity against the closest hits in databases. This work highlights the sensitivity of DNA/DNA hybridization techniques as an effective and complementary way to recover novel genes from large metagenomic clone libraries. This study also supports that some of the identified catabolic genes might be associated with horizontal transfer events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jacquiod
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
| | - Sandrine Demanèche
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Laure Franqueville
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Luka Ausec
- Department for Food Science and Technology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zhuofei Xu
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Section of Microbiology, København Universitet, København, Denmark
| | - Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Vincent Dunon
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Christine Cagnon
- Équipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IBEAS - UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64013 Pau, France
| | - Ines Mandic-Mulec
- Department for Food Science and Technology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
| | - Pascal Simonet
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France.
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Abstract
The human skin microbiome could provide another example, after the gut, of the strong positive or negative impact that human colonizing bacteria can have on health. Deciphering functional diversity and dynamics within human skin microbial communities is critical for understanding their involvement and for developing the appropriate substances for improving or correcting their action. We present a direct PCR-free high throughput sequencing approach to unravel the human skin microbiota specificities through metagenomic dataset analysis and inter-environmental comparison. The approach provided access to the functions carried out by dominant skin colonizing taxa, including Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium, revealing their specific capabilities to interact with and exploit compounds from the human skin. These functions, which clearly illustrate the unique life style of the skin microbial communities, stand as invaluable investigation targets for understanding and potentially modifying bacterial interactions with the human host with the objective of increasing health and well being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Mathieu
- Environmental Microbial Genomics group, Laboratoire Ampere, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
- LibraGen, Toulouse, France
| | - Tom O. Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics group, Laboratoire Ampere, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Timothy M. Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics group, Laboratoire Ampere, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Simonet
- Environmental Microbial Genomics group, Laboratoire Ampere, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
- * E-mail:
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
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Delmont TO, Prestat E, Keegan KP, Faubladier M, Robe P, Clark IM, Pelletier E, Hirsch PR, Meyer F, Gilbert JA, Le Paslier D, Simonet P, Vogel TM. Structure, fluctuation and magnitude of a natural grassland soil metagenome. ISME J 2012; 6:1677-87. [PMID: 22297556 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The soil ecosystem is critical for human health, affecting aspects of the environment from key agricultural and edaphic parameters to critical influence on climate change. Soil has more unknown biodiversity than any other ecosystem. We have applied diverse DNA extraction methods coupled with high throughput pyrosequencing to explore 4.88 × 10(9) bp of metagenomic sequence data from the longest continually studied soil environment (Park Grass experiment at Rothamsted Research in the UK). Results emphasize important DNA extraction biases and unexpectedly low seasonal and vertical soil metagenomic functional class variations. Clustering-based subsystems and carbohydrate metabolism had the largest quantity of annotated reads assigned although <50% of reads were assigned at an E value cutoff of 10(-5). In addition, with the more detailed subsystems, cAMP signaling in bacteria (3.24±0.27% of the annotated reads) and the Ton and Tol transport systems (1.69±0.11%) were relatively highly represented. The most highly represented genome from the database was that for a Bradyrhizobium species. The metagenomic variance created by integrating natural and methodological fluctuations represents a global picture of the Rothamsted soil metagenome that can be used for specific questions and future inter-environmental metagenomic comparisons. However, only 1% of annotated sequences correspond to already sequenced genomes at 96% similarity and E values of <10(-5), thus, considerable genomic reconstructions efforts still have to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
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Delmont TO, Robe P, Clark I, Simonet P, Vogel TM. Metagenomic comparison of direct and indirect soil DNA extraction approaches. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 86:397-400. [PMID: 21723887 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Full pyrosequencing runs of both direct-extracted (high yield, low DNA size) and indirect-extracted DNA (low yield, high DNA size) from the same prairie soil show that the sequence distribution of the majority of the metabolic functions and species detected were statistically similar. Although some microbial functions differed at the 95% confidence interval in bootstrap analyses, the overall functional diversity was the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
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Abstract
Microbial ecologists can now start digging into the accumulating mountains of metagenomic data to uncover the occurrence of functional genes and their correlations to microbial community members. Limitations and biases in DNA extraction and sequencing technologies impact sequence distributions, and therefore, have to be considered. However, when comparing metagenomes from widely differing environments, these fluctuations have a relatively minor role in microbial community discrimination. As a consequence, any functional gene or species distribution pattern can be compared among metagenomes originating from various environments and projects. In particular, global comparisons would help to define ecosystem specificities, such as involvement and response to climate change (for example, carbon and nitrogen cycle), human health risks (eg, presence of pathogen species, toxin genes and viruses) and biodegradation capacities. Although not all scientists have easy access to high-throughput sequencing technologies, they do have access to the sequences that have been deposited in databases, and therefore, can begin to intensively mine these metagenomic data to generate hypotheses that can be validated experimentally. Information about metabolic functions and microbial species compositions can already be compared among metagenomes from different ecosystems. These comparisons add to our understanding about microbial adaptation and the role of specific microbes in different ecosystems. Concurrent with the rapid growth of sequencing technologies, we have entered a new age of microbial ecology, which will enable researchers to experimentally confirm putative relationships between microbial functions and community structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
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Delmont TO, Robe P, Cecillon S, Clark IM, Constancias F, Simonet P, Hirsch PR, Vogel TM. Accessing the soil metagenome for studies of microbial diversity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1315-24. [PMID: 21183646 PMCID: PMC3067229 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01526-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial communities contain the highest level of prokaryotic diversity of any environment, and metagenomic approaches involving the extraction of DNA from soil can improve our access to these communities. Most analyses of soil biodiversity and function assume that the DNA extracted represents the microbial community in the soil, but subsequent interpretations are limited by the DNA recovered from the soil. Unfortunately, extraction methods do not provide a uniform and unbiased subsample of metagenomic DNA, and as a consequence, accurate species distributions cannot be determined. Moreover, any bias will propagate errors in estimations of overall microbial diversity and may exclude some microbial classes from study and exploitation. To improve metagenomic approaches, investigate DNA extraction biases, and provide tools for assessing the relative abundances of different groups, we explored the biodiversity of the accessible community DNA by fractioning the metagenomic DNA as a function of (i) vertical soil sampling, (ii) density gradients (cell separation), (iii) cell lysis stringency, and (iv) DNA fragment size distribution. Each fraction had a unique genetic diversity, with different predominant and rare species (based on ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis [RISA] fingerprinting and phylochips). All fractions contributed to the number of bacterial groups uncovered in the metagenome, thus increasing the DNA pool for further applications. Indeed, we were able to access a more genetically diverse proportion of the metagenome (a gain of more than 80% compared to the best single extraction method), limit the predominance of a few genomes, and increase the species richness per sequencing effort. This work stresses the difference between extracted DNA pools and the currently inaccessible complete soil metagenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom O. Delmont
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Robe
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Cecillon
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Clark
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Simonet
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Penny R. Hirsch
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France, LibraGen, 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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