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Paolillo R, Boccella N, Caterino M, Avvedimento M, Cattaneo F, Avvedimento VE, D'Apice S, Angilletta I, Ruoppolo M, Trimarco B, Esposito G, Perrino C. P2830Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein regulates cardiomyocyte size, gene expression and cardiac response to pressure overload. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Paolillo
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - N Boccella
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M Caterino
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - F Cattaneo
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - S D'Apice
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - M Ruoppolo
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - B Trimarco
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G Esposito
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - C Perrino
- Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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2
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Gareri C, Curcio A, Pezone A, Sorrentino S, Iaconetti C, Mastroroberto P, Avvedimento VE, Indolfi C. P450HDACs drive increased expression of beta-catenin and reduced levels of potassium channels in atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Gareri
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham, United States of America
| | - A Curcio
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Div of Cardiology, Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Pezone
- Federico II University of Naples, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - S Sorrentino
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, New York, United States of America
| | - C Iaconetti
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Div of Cardiology, Dept of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - P Mastroroberto
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - V E Avvedimento
- Federico II University of Naples, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
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Angrisano T, Sacchetti S, Natale F, Cerrato A, Pero R, Keller S, Peluso S, Perillo B, Avvedimento VE, Fusco A, Bruni CB, Lembo F, Santoro M, Chiariotti L. Chromatin and DNA methylation dynamics during retinoic acid-induced RET gene transcriptional activation in neuroblastoma cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:1993-2006. [PMID: 20952403 PMCID: PMC3064803 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that RET gene is strongly activated by retinoic acid (RA) in neuroblastoma cells, the mechanisms underlying such activation are still poorly understood. Here we show that a complex series of molecular events, that include modifications of both chromatin and DNA methylation state, accompany RA-mediated RET activation. Our results indicate that the primary epigenetic determinants of RA-induced RET activation differ between enhancer and promoter regions. At promoter region, the main mark of RET activation was the increase of H3K4me3 levels while no significant changes of the methylation state of H3K27 and H3K9 were observed. At RET enhancer region a bipartite chromatin domain was detected in unstimulated cells and a prompt demethylation of H3K27me3 marked RET gene activation upon RA exposure. Moreover, ChIP experiments demonstrated that EZH2 and MeCP2 repressor complexes were associated to the heavily methylated enhancer region in the absence of RA while both complexes were displaced during RA stimulation. Finally, our data show that a demethylation of a specific CpG site at the enhancer region could favor the displacement of MeCP2 from the heavily methylated RET enhancer region providing a novel potential mechanism for transcriptional regulation of methylated RA-regulated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Angrisano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale CNR, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II' 80131 Naples, Italy
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4
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Castaldo I, Pinelli M, Monticelli A, Acquaviva F, Giacchetti M, Filla A, Sacchetti S, Keller S, Avvedimento VE, Chiariotti L, Cocozza S. DNA methylation in intron 1 of the frataxin gene is related to GAA repeat length and age of onset in Friedreich ataxia patients. J Med Genet 2008; 45:808-12. [PMID: 18697824 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.058594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most frequent mutation of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the abnormal expansion of a GAA repeat located within the first intron of FXN gene. It is known that the length of GAA is directly correlated with disease severity. The effect of mutation is a severe reduction of mRNA. Recently, a link among aberrant CpG methylation, chromatin organisation and GAA repeat was proposed. METHODS In this study, using pyrosequencing technology, we have performed a quantitative analysis of the methylation status of five CpG sites located within the region upstream of GAA repeat, in 67 FRDA patients. RESULTS We confirm previous observation about differences in the methylation degree between FRDA individuals and controls. We showed a direct correlation between CpG methylation and triplet expansion size. Significant differences were found for each CpG tested (ANOVA p<0.001). These differences were largest for CpG1 and CpG2: 84.45% and 76.80%, respectively, in FRDA patients compared to 19.65% and 23.34% in the controls. Most importantly, we found a strong inverse correlation between CpG2 methylation degree and age of onset (Spearman's rho = -0.550, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Because epigenetic changes may cause or contribute to gene silencing, our data may have relevance for the therapeutic approach to FRDA. Since the analysis can be performed in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL), evaluation of the methylation status of specific CpG sites in FRDA patients could be a convenient biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Castaldo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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5
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Pelaia G, Cuda G, Vatrella A, Grembiale RD, De Sarro G, Maselli R, Costanzo FS, Avvedimento VE, Rotiroti D, Marsico SA. Effects of glucocorticoids on activation of c-jun N-terminal, extracellular signal-regulated, and p38 MAP kinases in human pulmonary endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 62:1719-24. [PMID: 11755126 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) play a central role in signal transduction by regulating many nuclear transcription factors involved in inflammatory, immune, and proliferative responses. The aim of this study was to investigate, in human pulmonary endothelial cells, the effects of synthetic glucocorticosteroids on activation of c-jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and p38 subgroups of the MAPK family. Human microvascular endothelial cells from lung were stimulated for 2 h with either H(2)O(2) (2 mM), IL-1beta (10 ng/mL), or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (10 ng/mL). Under these conditions, a remarkable increase in the phosphorylation pattern of c-jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, and p38 was detected. Pretreatment for 12 h with dexamethasone (100 nM) was able to prevent phosphorylation-dependent MAPK activation in stimulated cells, without substantially affecting the expression levels of these enzymes. Our results suggest that inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways in human pulmonary endothelial cells may significantly contribute, by interfering with activation of several different transcription factors, to the antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pelaia
- Department of Pharmacobiological Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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6
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Feliciello A, Allevato G, Musti AM, De Brasi D, Gallo A, Avvedimento VE, Gottesman ME. Thyroid transcription factor 1 phosphorylation is not required for protein kinase A-dependent transcription of the thyroglobulin promoter. Cell Growth Differ 2000; 11:649-54. [PMID: 11149600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) is a nuclear homeodomain protein that binds to and activates the promoters of several thyroid-specific genes, including that of the thyroglobulin gene (pTg). These genes are also positively regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. We asked whether PKA directly activates TTF1. We show that cAMP/PKA activates pTg and a synthetic target promoter carrying TTF1 binding site repeats in several cell types. Activation depends on TTF1. Phosphopeptide mapping indicates that TTF1 is constitutively phosphorylated at multiple sites, and that cAMP stimulated phosphorylation of one site, serine 337, in vivo. However, alanine substitution at this residue or at all sites of phosphorylation did not reduce PKA activation of pTg. Thus, PKA stimulates TTF1 transcriptional activity in an indirect manner, perhaps by recruiting to or removing from the target promoter another regulatory factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feliciello
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare e Cellulare, Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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7
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Tassi V, Di Cerbo A, Porcellini A, Papini E, Cisternino C, Crescenzi A, Scillitani A, Pizzuti A, Ratti A, Trischitta V, Avvedimento VE, Fenzi G, De Filippis V. Screening of thyrotropin receptor mutations by fine-needle aspiration biopsy in autonomous functioning thyroid nodules in multinodular goiters. Thyroid 1999; 9:353-7. [PMID: 10319940 DOI: 10.1089/thy.1999.9.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multinodular goiter (MNG) is characterized by nodules of different size and function. Areas of increased function may emerge, appearing as single, or more frequently, multiple autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). The molecular mechanism for the autonomous growth and function of these nodules has been related to mutations in the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) that constitutively activate the adenylyl cyclase. We searched for mutations in a limited area of the TSHR gene, covering the major mutational hotspot, in 38 AFTNs found in 37 patients with MNGs. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples to rapidly identify 4 of the more frequently occurring TSHR mutations: D619G, F631C, T632I and D633E. Mutations were identified in 5 nodules (1 D619G mutation and 4 T632I mutations). Subsequently, the entire transmembrane portion of the TSHR gene was sequenced in a random sample of 12 AFTN samples that were free of mutations by RT-PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. By direct sequencing we identified a new mutation, F666L, in the seventh transmembrane domain in a sample from 1 nodule. Analysis of FMA samples of AFTN is an effective approach to identify TSHR gene mutations because individual mutations may be associated with different growth and function in vitro, our approach might, allow correlation of a given mutation with the clinical behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tassi
- Divisione ed Unità di Ricerca di Endocrinologia, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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8
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Faniello MC, Bevilacqua MA, Condorelli G, de Crombrugghe B, Maity SN, Avvedimento VE, Cimino F, Costanzo F. The B subunit of the CAAT-binding factor NFY binds the central segment of the Co-activator p300. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:7623-6. [PMID: 10075648 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.12.7623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that the heterotrimeric transcription factor NFY or "CAAT-binding factor" binds the -60 region of the human H ferritin promoter, the B site. DNA binding analysis with specific antibodies demonstrates that NFY/B/C subunits tightly bind this site and that NFY/C subunit is masked in vivo by binding with other protein(s). NFY binds the co-activator p300. Specifically, the NFY/B subunit interacts with the central segment of p300 in vivo and in vitro. cAMP substantially increases the formation of the NFY.p300 complex. Taken together these data provide a general model of cAMP induction of non-CRE-containing promoters and suggest that the NFY-B.p300 complex is located at the 5' end of the promoter and the NFY-B.C. TFIIB on the 3' end toward the transcription start site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Faniello
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
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9
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Normanno N, De Luca A, Castaldo A, Casamassimi A, Di Popolo A, Zarrilli R, Porcellini A, Acquaviva AM, Avvedimento VE, Pignata S. Apolipoprotein A-I reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis for detection of hematogenous colon cancer dissemination. Int J Oncol 1998; 13:443-7. [PMID: 9683776 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.13.3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of systemic tumor dissemination in colon carcinoma patients might be important for selection of appropriate treatment modalities. It has been previously shown that Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) is expressed in human intestinal epithelial cells, and in some human colon carcinoma cell lines. We examined the expression of Apo A-I mRNA in 14 human primary colon carcinomas by Northern blot and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. An Apo A-I specific transcript was found in up to 70% of the colon carcinomas. We developed an RT-PCR assay for Apo A-I transcripts, to identify circulating carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood of colon cancer patients. The Apo A-I RT-PCR assay was optimized using limiting dilution of an Apo A-I positive cancer cell line mixed with peripheral blood from healthy donor. In this system, up to 10 colon carcinoma cells were detected in 5 ml of peripheral blood. We examined Apo A-I mRNA expression in peripheral blood samples from 4 healthy donors, 20 colon carcinoma patients, and 11 individuals with tumor disease other than colon cancer. No Apo A-I mRNA was detected in the healthy donors and in the patients without colon cancer. Two out of 10 patients with metastatic colon carcinoma were positive by this assay, whereas Apo A-I mRNA was not found in any of the blood samples from the 10 radically resected colon carcinoma patients. These data suggest that Apo A-I RT-PCR assay is a highly specific and sensitive assay, although a low number of advanced colon carcinoma patients was found to be positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Normanno
- Oncologia Sperimentale D, ITN-Fondazione Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
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10
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Casamassimi A, Miano MG, Porcellini A, De Vita G, de Nigris F, Zannini M, Di Lauro R, Russo T, Avvedimento VE, Fusco A. p53 genes mutated in the DNA binding site or at a specific COOH-terminal site exert divergent effects on thyroid cell growth and differentiation. Cancer Res 1998; 58:2888-94. [PMID: 9661907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of mutated versions of the p53 gene deranged the differentiation program of thyroid cells and resulted in deregulated growth. Specifically, p53 mutants in several residues of the DNA-binding region induced thyrotropin (TSH) -independent growth and inhibition of the expression of thyroid-specific genes. The loss of the differentiated phenotype invariably correlated with the blockage of the expression of the genes coding for the thyroid transcriptional factors PAX-8 and TTF2. Conversely, thyroid cells transfected with a p53 gene mutated at codon 392, located outside the DNA-binding region, stimulated the expression of differentiation genes in the absence of the TSH, and induced TSH-independent growth. cAMP intracellular levels were higher in thyroid cells transfected with the p53 gene mutated at the 392 site than in the untransfected thyroid cells, but lower in the cells transfected with the other mutated p53 genes. Fra-1 and c-jun were induced by p53, resulting in increased AP-1 levels. The results of this study suggest that p53 exerts effects on cAMP transduction pathway in thyroid cells, which are exquisitely sensitive to cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casamassimi
- Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
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11
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Bevilacqua MA, Faniello MC, Quaresima B, Tiano MT, Giuliano P, Feliciello A, Avvedimento VE, Cimino F, Costanzo F. A common mechanism underlying the E1A repression and the cAMP stimulation of the H ferritin transcription. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:20736-41. [PMID: 9252395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.33.20736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of the H ferritin gene in vivo is stimulated by cAMP and repressed by the E1A oncoprotein. We report here the identification of the cis-element in the human promoter responsive to both cAMP- and E1A-mediated signals. This promoter region is included between positions -62 to -45 and binds a approximate 120-kDa transcription factor called Bbf. Bbf forms a complex in vivo with the coactivator molecules p300 and CBP. Recombinant E1A protein reduces the formation of these complexes. In vivo overexpression of p300 in HeLa cells reverses the E1A-mediated inhibition of the ferritin promoter transcription driven by Bbf. These data suggest the existence of a common mechanism for the cAMP activation and the E1A-mediated repression of H ferritin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
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12
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Trapasso F, Martelli ML, Battaglia C, Angotti E, Mele E, Stella A, Samarut J, Avvedimento VE, Fusco A. The v-erbA oncogene selectively inhibits iodide uptake in rat thyroid cells. Oncogene 1996; 12:1879-88. [PMID: 8649848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
v-erbA is the oncogenic form of the c-erbA proto-oncogene, which encodes the receptor for thyroid hormones. The expression of the v-erbA oncogene in thyroid differentiated cells, PC Cl 3, inhibits iodide uptake and thyrotropin-dependent growth, whereas it has no effect on the expression of the other thyroid specific markers, i.e. thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase and thyrotropin receptor. The activity of transcription factor AP-1, evaluated by a specific DNA binding assay and by transcription of AP-induced promoter (TRE) is enhanced in PC v-erbA cells. v-erbA mutants in the DNA binding domain do not affect the iodide uptake of thyroid cells nor AP-1 activity. We suggest that this transcriptional activation mediates the selective effects of v-erbA on the expression of thyroid specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina eChirurgia di Cantanzaro, Università degli Studi di Reggio Calabria, Italy
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13
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Ventra C, Porcellini A, Feliciello A, Gallo A, Paolillo M, Mele E, Avvedimento VE, Schettini G. The differential response of protein kinase A to cyclic AMP in discrete brain areas correlates with the abundance of regulatory subunit II. J Neurochem 1996; 66:1752-61. [PMID: 8627334 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66041752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the expression and relative distribution of mRNA for the regulatory subunits (RIalpha, RIIalpha, and RIIbeta) and of 150-kDa RIIbeta-anchor proteins for cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) into discrete brain regions. The subcellular distribution of both holoenzyme and free catalytic subunit was evaluated in the same CNS areas. In the neocortex and corpus striatum high levels of RIIbeta paralleled the presence of specific RII-anchoring proteins, high levels of membrane-bound PKA holoenzyme, and low levels of cytosolic free catalytic activity (C-PKA). Conversely, in brain areas showing low RIIbeta levels (cerebellum, hypothalamus, and brainstem) we found an absence of RII-anchoring proteins, low levels of membrane-bound holoenzyme PKA, and high levels of cytosolic dissociated C-PKA. Response to cAMP stimuli was specifically evaluated in the neocortex and cerebellum, prototypic areas of the two different patterns of PKA distribution. We found that cerebellar holoenzyme PKA was highly sensitive to cAMP-induced dissociation, without, however, a consistent translocation of C-PKA into the nucleus. In contrast, in the neocortex holoenzyme PKA was mainly in the undissociated state and poorly sensitive to cAMP. In nuclei of cortical cells cAMP stimulated the import of C-PKA and phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein. Taken together, these data suggest that RIIbeta (whose distribution is graded throughout the CNS, reaching maximal expression in the neocortex) may represent the molecular cue of the differential nuclear response to cAMP in different brain areas, by controlling cAMP-induced holoenzyme PKA dissociation and nuclear accumulation of catalytic subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ventra
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e della Comunicazione Interumana, Cattedra di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy
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14
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Golino P, Ragni M, Cirillo P, Avvedimento VE, Feliciello A, Esposito N, Scognamiglio A, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Condorelli M, Chiariello M, Ambrosio G. Effects of tissue factor induced by oxygen free radicals on coronary flow during reperfusion. Nat Med 1996; 2:35-40. [PMID: 8564835 DOI: 10.1038/nm0196-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor is a transmembrane protein that activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway by binding factor VII. Endothelial cells, being in contact with circulating blood, do not normally express tissue factor. Here we provide evidence that oxygen free radicals induce tissue factor messenger RNA transcription and expression of tissue factor procoagulant activity in endothelial cells in culture. Isolated, perfused rabbit hearts exposed to exogenous oxygen free radicals also showed a marked increase in tissue factor activity within the coronary circulation. Furthermore, in ex vivo and in vivo hearts subjected to ischemia and reperfusion, a condition associated with a production of oxygen free radicals in large amounts, a marked increase in tissue factor activity occurred. This phenomenon could be abolished by oxygen radical scavengers. This increase in tissue factor activity during postischemic reperfusion was accompanied by a significant decrease in coronary flow, suggesting that increase in tissue factor activity with the consequent activation of the coagulation cascade might impair coronary flow during reperfusion and possibly contribute to the occurrence of reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Golino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second School of Medicine, University of Naples, Italy
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15
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Indolfi C, Esposito G, Di Lorenzo E, Rapacciuolo A, Feliciello A, Porcellini A, Avvedimento VE, Condorelli M, Chiariello M. Smooth muscle cell proliferation is proportional to the degree of balloon injury in a rat model of angioplasty. Circulation 1995; 92:1230-5. [PMID: 7648670 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.5.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variable degree of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation after balloon injury has been reported in previous rat studies. It is unknown whether balloon injury induces c-fos expression and whether it is related to the degree of vascular injury in vivo. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that proportional increases in neointimal formation and c-fos expression might be present after different degrees of balloon dilation. METHODS AND RESULTS Angioplasty of the carotid artery was performed with a balloon catheter. Vascular injury was evaluated at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 atm (n = 6 for all). In 40 additional rats, total RNA dot blots were performed to assess the effect of various degrees of balloon injury on c-fos expression. SMC proliferation proportional to the increases of inflation pressure was found between 0 and 2 atm with neointimal areas of 0.002 +/- 0.002, 0.069 +/- 0.014, 0.128 +/- 0.043, 0.190 +/- 0.010, and 0.255 +/- 0.041 mm2, respectively. When the degree of SMC proliferation (neointima and neointima/media ratio) was plotted against balloon inflation pressure, a linear relation was observed (r = .733, P < .001 and r = .755, P < .001, respectively). An increase in c-fos expression proportional to the degree of injury was found 30 minutes after injury. CONCLUSIONS Neointimal proliferation produced by balloon injury is related to balloon inflation pressure, supporting the concept of an SMC proliferative response proportional to the degree of injury. The increase in SMC proliferation is associated with a proportional increase in the early expression of the c-fos nuclear proto-oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Indolfi
- Department of Medicine & Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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16
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Pacifico F, Laviola L, Ulianich L, Porcellini A, Ventra C, Consiglio E, Avvedimento VE. Differential expression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in discrete brain areas, in kidney and thyroid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 210:138-44. [PMID: 7741733 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The asyaloglycoprotein receptor is a dimer formed by two polypeptide chains abundantly expressed in the liver (RHL-1 and RHL-2). Using specific primers for the two polypeptide chains we measured, by semiquantitative reverse PCR (RT-PCR), the corresponding mRNAs in different rat tissues. We found that both RHL-1 and RHL-2 mRNAs are expressed in the liver, kidney, brain and thyroid. Under the same conditions we did not detect any specific mRNA in the spleen. In the brain these sequences are expressed along a posterior-anterior gradient. Cerebellum and brainstem display the highest expression of the brain RHL-1 and RHL-2 mRNAs. Tissues and regional distribution of this receptor suggest that other body districts besides liver may participate in the clearance of serum glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pacifico
- Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CEOS), Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare Luigi Califano, Napoli, Italia
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17
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Gallo A, Feliciello A, Varrone A, Cerillo R, Gottesman ME, Avvedimento VE. Ki-ras oncogene interferes with the expression of cyclic AMP-dependent promoters. Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6:91-5. [PMID: 7718489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The expression of thyroglobulin and other thyroid-specific markers depends upon the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) by cyclic AMP. A rat thyroid cell line dedifferentiates when transformed with Ki-ras oncogene. The decrease in thyroglobulin gene expression parallels a reduction in the level of PKA nuclear catalytic subunit. We find that the activity of cAMP-responsive elements and thyroglobulin promoters is down-regulated in Ras-transformed cells. Transcription of a third cAMP-regulated gene, H-ferritin, is similarly reduced. cAMP-responsive element and H-ferritin expression were stimulated when intracellular cAMP levels were increased. Reactivation of the thyroglobulin promoter required depletion of PKC in addition to increased cAMP. We also find that v-Ras activation leads to a significant increase in membrane-bound PKC. These data support the idea that v-Ras via PKC inhibits the transmission of cAMP-PKA signals to the nucleus. We suggest that the thyroglobulin promoter is more sensitive than other cAMP-dependent promoters to reduced nuclear levels of PKA catalytic subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare e Cellulare, II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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18
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Porcellini A, Ciullo I, Laviola L, Amabile G, Fenzi G, Avvedimento VE. Novel mutations of thyrotropin receptor gene in thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas. Rapid identification by fine needle aspiration biopsy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79:657-61. [PMID: 8045989 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.79.2.8045989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas are clonal neoplasms with the intrinsic capacity of growing and differentiate independently of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We analysed the mRNA encoding thyrotropin receptor of 11 adenomas obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and found 7 mutants all located in three aminoacids clustered in the sixth transmembrane domain of the receptor. These mutations were somatic and specifically present in the tumour tissue. DNA sequence revealed that 80 to 90% of the mutations can be rapidly screened and identified by restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified cDNA obtained from the FNABs. The mutation Thr->Ile was introduced in the wild type receptor and expressed in mouse fibroblasts. These cells constitutively activate the transcription of a reporter gene under the control of cyclic AMP responsive element.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Porcellini
- Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare e Cellulare, II Facoltà di Medicina, Napoli, Italy
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19
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Avvedimento VE, Musti AM, Ueffing M, Obici S, Gallo A, Sanchez M, DeBrasi D, Gottesman ME. Reversible inhibition of a thyroid-specific trans-acting factor by Ras. Genes Dev 1991; 5:22-8. [PMID: 1989905 DOI: 10.1101/gad.5.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of rat thyroid cells for 1 week to a temperature-sensitive variant of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KiMSV) Ras inactivated the thyroglobulin promoter (pTg). Cellular dedifferentiation was paralleled by the loss of the thyroid-specific trans-acting factor, TgTF1, which binds to pTg. When Ras was denatured by shifting cells to 39 degrees C, TgTF1 binding and pTg function recovered rapidly without the synthesis of new protein. TgTF1 could be reactivated in vitro by treating nuclear extracts with protein kinase A. After 4 weeks of exposure to the oncogene, denaturation of Ras no longer restored TgTF1 binding or reactivated pTg. Incubation of nuclear extracts with protein kinase A likewise did not reactivate TgTF1. Cells chronically exposed to Ras did, however, yield differentiated clones after treatment with 5-azacytidine. We suggest that Ras induces dedifferentiation in two sequential steps: (1) Ras reduces PKA activity; TgTF1 (or an auxiliary protein) becomes dephosphorylated, and binding to pTg is abolished. (2) The effects of Ras become imprinted by methylation, possibly of the TgTF1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Avvedimento
- Institute of Cancer Research, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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20
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Zurzolo C, Gentile R, Mascia A, Garbi C, Polistina C, Aloj L, Avvedimento VE, Nitsch L. The polarized epithelial phenotype is dominant in hybrids between polarized and unpolarized rat thyroid cell lines. J Cell Sci 1991; 98 ( Pt 1):65-73. [PMID: 1711531 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.98.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the expression of cell polarity in hybrids between two rat thyroid epithelial cells: FRT and FRTL-5. FRT cells are polarized but do not express tissue-specific properties, FRTL-5 are unpolarized and express many thyroid-specific genes. A and express many thyroid-specific genes. A pool of 170 hybrid clones and five independent clones were characterized. The chromosome complement was that expected from 1:1 fusion of the parental cells. No chromosome loss was observed for several generations. All hybrids were polarized as judged from: (1) morphology, (2) transepithelial resistance, (3) preferential secretion of several proteins either through the apical (e.g. thyroglobulin) or through the basolateral pole, and (4) basolateral trapping of iodide. On the other hand, the expression of thyroid-specific markers: thyroglobulin synthesis and secretion, trapping of iodide, thyrotropin-dependent growth and expression of specific membrane antigens, were greatly reduced or inhibited in the pool and in the isolated clones. We also found that reduction of thyroglobulin synthesis was correlated with the loss of activity of the trans-acting factor TgTF1. We conclude that cell polarity, a property of FRT cells, is dominant in the hybrids whereas thyroid differentiation is recessive.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zurzolo
- Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, II Facoltà di Medicina, Napoli, Italy
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21
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Berlingieri MT, Musti AM, Avvedimento VE, Di Lauro R, Di Fiore PP, Fusco A. The block of thyroglobulin synthesis, which occurs upon transformation of rat thyroid epithelial cells, is at the transcriptional level and it is associated with methylation of the 5' flanking region of the gene. Exp Cell Res 1989; 183:277-83. [PMID: 2767151 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(89)90388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of rat thyroid epithelial cells by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus results in the block of certain thyroid differentiated functions, such as synthesis and secretion of thyroglobulin. Our studies, performed by a run-on assay, demonstrate that this block occurs at the transcriptional level. We also demonstrate the de novo methylation of two methylation-sensitive sites, located within the 5' end regulatory sequences of the thyroglobulin gene, in transformed cells, in the absence of any rearrangement of the gene. These two methylation-sensitive sites were methylated also in a rat thyroid cell line transformed by another retrovirus and in two normal cell lines which do not express the thyroglobulin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Berlingieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare e/o Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del C.N.R., Università di Napoli, Italy
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22
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Cocozza S, Riccardi G, Monticelli A, Capaldo B, Genovese S, Krogh V, Celentano E, Farinaro E, Varrone S, Avvedimento VE. Polymorphism at the 5' end flanking region of the insulin gene is associated with reduced insulin secretion in healthy individuals. Eur J Clin Invest 1988; 18:582-6. [PMID: 3147185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-four unrelated healthy subjects were studied for the detection of a DNA polymorphism at the 5' end of the insulin gene. No significant difference between the groups was found in blood glucose values at fasting and after an oral glucose load. A significant association was found between fasting (P less than 0.05) and after load plasma C-peptide levels (P less than 0.01) and the presence of a 1.6 Kb insertion at the 5' end of the insulin gene. A gene dose-dependent effect was noted, class 3/3 individuals having the lowest after-load C-peptide concentration and class 1/3 an intermediate level (F for the linear trend: P = 0.007). This might suggest that insulin gene polymorphism affects insulin secretion in healthy individuals. In order to confirm this, a subgroup of six class 3/3 and eight class 1/1 individuals subsequently underwent a hyperglycaemic clamp. The tissue sensitivity to insulin was similar in the two groups but glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was markedly impaired in homozygotes for the class 3 allele. In this group, insulin secretion was, on average, only one-third of that in class 1/1 individuals (P less than 0.02). Similarly impaired in class 3/3 persons was the glucose + arginine-stimulated insulin secretion (P less than 0.05). We conclude that the polymorphism at the 5' end of the insulin gene is associated with variations in insulin secretion in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cocozza
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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23
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Avvedimento VE, Musti A, Fusco A, Bonapace MJ, Di Lauro R. Neoplastic transformation inactivates specific trans-acting factor(s) required for the expression of the thyroglobulin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:1744-8. [PMID: 3162304 PMCID: PMC279855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.6.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of rat thyroglobulin gene is repressed following the transformation of rat thyroid cells with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. The expression of a reporter gene fused to the thyroglobulin promoter is down-regulated in transformed thyroid cells in transient or in stable transfection assays. DNase and exonuclease III cleavage-protection analysis reveals that a promoter binding activity located at -60 base pairs from the transcription start site is substantially reduced in transformed thyroid cells. The repression in the transformed cells of the reporter gene joined to the thyroglobulin promoter can be reversed by fusion with normal differentiated thyroid cells. Fusion of transformed thyroid cells to liver cells does not reactivate the reporter under control of the thyroglobulin promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Avvedimento
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, II Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Napoli, Italy
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24
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de Franciscis V, Avvedimento VE, Colletta G, Zimarino V, Ursini VM, Ciliberto F, Vecchio G. Changes in cellular gene expression in rat thyroid epithelial cells transformed by the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. Exp Cell Res 1987; 171:483-91. [PMID: 2442021 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(87)90179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have exploited a recently characterized system of rat thyroid epithelial cells transformed by the wild-type (wt) and a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant strain of the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV) in order to study the effects of the K-ras oncogene on the gene expression of differentiated thyroid epithelial cells. By using cDNAs isolated from normal thyroid glands as probes, we were able to identify three sets of cellular sequences whose expression is influenced by the v-K-ras oncogene. The first set of genes is irreversibly repressed by transformation with both the wt and the ts viruses. The second set of genes is repressed in the ts-Ki-MSV-transformed cells but not in the same cells grown at the nonpermissive temperature. A third set of genes is present at higher levels at the nonpermissive temperature than at the permissive temperature. This system has allowed us to isolate and characterize a number of cDNA clones belonging to each of these three sets of genes. These specific cDNAs are suitable probes to study phenotypical changes during transformation of epithelial cells.
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Monticelli A, Avvedimento VE, Mariano A, Marcocci C, Chiovato L, Fenzi GF, Pinchera A, Varrone S. Increased level of thyroglobulin mRNA in a human familial goiter. J Endocrinol Invest 1987; 10:59-63. [PMID: 3110253 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (Tg) and its specific mRNA were analyzed in the thyroid gland of two cases of familial goiter. A three-fold increase in the level of stable protein and functional Tg mRNA was found in the goiter of one of the two patients in whom a desiodase defect was demonstrated. Normal concentrations of both Tg and its mRNA were found in the other goiter in which no enzymatic defect could be shown. Our results suggest that the increase of Tg mRNA levels found in the goiter with a desiodase defect was due to a chronic stimulation of the gland by TSH.
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26
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Avvedimento VE, Di Lauro R, Monticelli A, Bernardi F, Patracchini P, Calzolari E, Martini G, Varrone S. Mapping of human thyroglobulin gene on the long arm of chromosome 8 by in situ hybridization. Hum Genet 1985; 71:163-6. [PMID: 4043966 DOI: 10.1007/bf00283375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the structural organization of a segment of the human thyroglobulin gene, located 70kb from the 3' end of the gene, containing the exons 8 and 9 starting from the 3' end. Selected probes from this region have been used for the chromosomal mapping of the thyroglobulin gene by in situ hybridization techniques. Only one site in the human haploid karyotype is labeled with the genomic DNA probes. Twenty percent of the grains are localized on the long arm of chromosome 8, mostly in the subregion q-2-23 q-2-24 of the long arm of chromosome 8. The localization of the autoradiographic grains suggests a subregional assignment of the human thyroglobulin gene locus to 8q 2-23 or 8q 2-24.
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Avvedimento VE, Monticelli A, Tramontano D, Polistina C, Nitsch L, Di Lauro R. Differential expression of thyroglobulin gene in normal and transformed thyroid cells. Eur J Biochem 1985; 149:467-72. [PMID: 4006938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the synthesis of thyroglobulin in two differentiated cell lines, FRTL-5 and FRTL-424, and two transformed thyroid cell lines, FRA and 1-5G. The untransformed cells actively synthesized and exported thyroglobulin in the medium: however, the FRTL-5 cell line synthesized seven times less thyroglobulin than the FRTL-424 cell line, even though both cell types contained equal amounts of functional thyroglobulin mRNA. In contrast the transformed cells expressed extremely low levels of thyroglobulin mRNA, even though there was no detectable change in gene structure or copy number as determined by Southern blot analysis. On the basis of these data we conclude that (a) the different levels of thyroglobulin synthesis in the two untransformed cell lines are due to stable post-transcriptional alterations in the biosynthesis of thyroglobulin and (b) the transformation of thyroid cells results in a substantial reduction in thyroglobulin gene expression.
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Di Lauro R, Obici S, Condliffe D, Ursini VM, Musti A, Moscatelli C, Avvedimento VE. The sequence of 967 amino acids at the carboxyl-end of rat thyroglobulin. Location and surroundings of two thyroxine-forming sites. Eur J Biochem 1985; 148:7-11. [PMID: 3838512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The entire rat thyroglobulin mRNA sequence (about 8500 nucleotides) has been cloned in five recombinant plasmids containing overlapping cDNA inserts. The 3' end of the mRNA is precisely defined by the poly (A) tail found in the furthest 3' end clone. Evidence that most of the 5' end is cloned come from size considerations and from a primer extension experiment. At the 3' end of the mRNA only one long open reading frame is present in the sequence of 3018 nucleotides that has been established. In the deduced protein sequence we have localized two thyroxine-forming sites in a region containing a high concentration of tyrosine residues.
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Avvedimento VE, Tramontano D, Ursini MV, Monticelli A, Di Lauro R. The level of thyroglobulin mRNA is regulated by TSH both in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 122:472-7. [PMID: 6743348 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of thyrotropin on the intracellular concentration of thyroglobulin and of its mRNA both in a differentiated rat thyroid cell line and in the rat thyroid in vivo. Our data demonstrate that the absence of thyrotropin causes a two fold decrease of both thyroglobulin and of its mRNA suggesting that thyroglobulin synthesis in thyroid cells is 50% constitutive.
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Avvedimento VE, Musti AM, Obici S, Cocozza S, Di Lauro R. Structural organization of the 3' half of the rat thyroglobulin gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:3461-72. [PMID: 6328423 PMCID: PMC318762 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.8.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the structural organization of an 80 Kb segment of rat DNA, which encodes for about 40% of Thyroglobulin mRNA at the 3' end. The codogenic information included in this segment is splitted in 17 exons of homogeneous size (about 200 bp). The seven exons at the extreme 3' end have been precisely defined by DNA sequence analysis. No clear sequence homology is found among the exons, even though their coding capacity is quite similar, from 55 to 63 aminoacids residues. We located 2 hormonogenic (T4 forming) sites on the extreme 3' end of the gene in different exons. The DNA sequence coding for these functional sites shows a 70% homology in a 50 nucleotides segment. In addition we found a remnant of this sequence in other exons of the gene. Two large introns have been found on the 3' end of the gene: one is 17 Kb and the other one is more than 30 Kb long. On the basis of these findings and of preliminary studies on the remaining 5' end of the gene, we can predict that the minimum length of the rat TGB gene will be 150 Kb, which makes this gene the largest so far identified eukaryotic gene. We propose in addition that the 3' end exons arose by duplication of a common ancestor.
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Colletta G, Pinto A, Di Fiore PP, Fusco A, Ferrentino M, Avvedimento VE, Tsuchida N, Vecchio G. Dissociation between transformed and differentiated phenotype in rat thyroid epithelial cells after transformation with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. Mol Cell Biol 1983; 3:2099-109. [PMID: 6318081 PMCID: PMC370076 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.3.11.2099-2109.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated rat thyroid epithelial cells, infected in vitro with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, expressed at the permissive temperature (33 degrees C) some phenotypic properties typical of transformed cells, including morphological features, colony formation in agar, and induction of tumors in newborn animals. Specific functional markers of these differentiated cells, i.e., synthesis/secretion of thyroglobulin, synthesis of thyroglobulin mRNA and iodide uptake, were blocked during growth at 33 degrees C. Normal morphology, failure to grow in agar, and the requirement of hormones for optimal growth were all restored after shifting to the temperature nonpermissive for transformation (39 degrees C), though the typical differentiated functions remained blocked. Infection with a leukemia helper virus clone (Moloney or Kirsten murine leukemia virus) did not lead to the loss of the differentiated phenotype of rat epithelial thyroid cells, thus demonstrating that the loss of the differentiated phenotype is caused by the sarcoma virus component. These results indicate that the expression of some of the phenotypic properties of transformed differentiated rat thyroid epithelial cells is under the direct control of the p21 thermosensitive activity, whereas the block in the expression of two typical differentiation markers of thyroid epithelial cells is irreversible and probably controlled by different mechanisms.
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Vogeli G, Ohkubo H, Avvedimento VE, Sullivan M, Yamada Y, Mudryj M, Pastan I, de Crombrugghe B. A repetitive structure in the chick alpha 2-collagen gene. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1981; 45 Pt 2:777-83. [PMID: 6942950 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1981.045.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Yamada Y, Avvedimento VE, Mudryj M, Ohkubo H, Vogeli G, Irani M, Pastan I, de Crombrugghe B. The collagen gene: evidence for its evolutinary assembly by amplification of a DNA segment containing an exon of 54 bp. Cell 1980; 22:887-92. [PMID: 7460017 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the size and sequence of 8 exons in the gene that specifies chick type 1 alpha 2 collagen. These 8 exons represent three different segments of the gene, but all encode information for the helical portion of the protein. Seven exons have a length of 54 bp, and the 8th has a size of 99 bp. The sequences within these exons vary except for th glycine codons, which occur every third triplet. Each exon begins with a glycine codon and ends with a triplet that precedes a glycine codon. The size and the sequences of the introns do not show any homology except at their ends. Of 7 introns examined the first six bases at the 5' end of 5 of these are identical. The sequences at the 3' end of the introns also show homologies. Our results imply that the ancestral gene for collagen arose by multiple duplications of a single genetic unit containing a 54 bp condig segment. The sequences within these exons drifted by successive point mutations and in some cases by additions or deletions of 9 bp or multiples of 9 bp.
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Ohkubo H, Vogeli G, Mudryj M, Avvedimento VE, Sullivan M, Pastan I, de Crombrugghe B. Isolation and characterization of overlapping genomic clones covering the chicken alpha 2 (type I) collagen gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:7059-63. [PMID: 6452631 PMCID: PMC350440 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of overlapping recombinant clones, which cover the alpha 2 (type I) collagen gene, have been isolated by stepwise screening of two libraries of chicken genomic DNA fragments. The first genomic clone was isolated by using a cloned cDNA containing alpha 2 collagen DNA sequences as hybridization probe. The other clones were obtained by a sequence of screenings using defined fragments of the successive genomic clones as hybridization probes. Several types of experiments indicated that the DNA of these clones are truly overlapping and span 55 kilobase pairs of contiguous DNA sequences in the chicken genome. Sequence analysis of small DNA segments of some of these clones confirm that they contain coding sequences which specify alpha 2 collagen. Electron microscopic analysis of hybrids between type I alpha 2 collagen mRNA and the overlapping genomic clones indicates that the chicken alpha 2 collagen gene has a length of at least 37 kilobases, about 7.4 times longer than the corresponding translatable cytoplasmic mRNA. The coding information for alpha 2 collagen is distributed in more than 50 coding sequences which are interrupted by intervening sequences of various sizes. The structure of the gene implies that the conversion of precursor RNA to mature mRNA for alpha 2 collagen includes at least 50 splicing events.
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35
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Avvedimento VE, Vogeli G, Yamada Y, Maizel JV, Pastan I, de Crombrugghe B. Correlation between splicing sites within an intron and their sequence complementarity with U1 RNA. Cell 1980; 21:689-96. [PMID: 6159982 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the nucleotide sequence of two short introns (respectively 215 and 90 nucleotides) in the chick alpha 2-collagen (type I) gene as well as parts of the adjacent exons. For one of these introns we find that the 5' end of U1 RNA is complementary not only to the two ends of the intron but also to one end of the intron and sequences inside this intron. These complementarities predict three potential internal splicing sites. By S1 mapping experiments we find three discrete RNA precursors in which different portions of this intron have been deleted. The sizes of the deleted segments are in good agreement with the location of the predicted splicing points inside the intron. The DNA sequence indicates that removal of one portion of the intron should still allow the subsequent elimination of the rest of the intron and the correct splicing of the coding segments located at each end of the intron. The new introns created by the first splicing events contain sequences at each end which are also complementary to U1 RNA. Our data indicate that in the intron which we have examined the sequences at the 3' end of the intron are removed before those at the 5' end.
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Yamamoto T, Sobel ME, Adams SL, Avvedimento VE, DiLauro R, Pastan I, de Crombrugghe B, Showalter A, Pesciotta D, Fietzek P, Olsen B. Construction of a recombinant bacterial plasmid containing pro-alpha 1(I) collagen DNA sequences. J Biol Chem 1980; 255:2612-5. [PMID: 6244285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A partially purified mRNA preparation enriched for chick collagen messenger RNA activity was used as template for the synthesis of double stranded cDNA. The cDNA was ligated into the HindIII site of the plasmid vector pBR322 and used to transform Escherichia coli x1776. One plasmid with an 800-base pair insert was shown to contain DNA sequences corresponding to Type I pro-alpha 1 collagen.
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Sobel ME, Yamamoto T, Adams SL, DiLauro R, Avvedimento VE, de Crombrugghe B, Pastan I. Construction of a recombinant bacterial plasmid containing a chick pro-alpha2 collagen gene sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:5846-50. [PMID: 366605 PMCID: PMC393072 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant plasmid containing chick pro-alpha2 collagen gene sequences has been constructed and cloned in Escherichia coli. Using partially purified collagen mRNA as template, we synthesized double-stranded DNA by the successive action of reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA nucleotidyltransferase) from avian myeloblastosis virus and the Klenow A fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I. From this complex mixture of double-stranded DNAs, a specific 200-base-pair restriction fragment was generated by cleavage with the restriction endonucleases BamHI and EcoRI. These enzymes also make unique cuts in the plasmid vector pBR322. The restriction fragment was inserted into pBR322 via these BamHI and EcoRI sites and cloned in E. coli chi1776. The cloned recombinant plasmid was shown to contain pro-alpha2 collagen DNA by its specific hybridization to chick pro-alpha2 collagen mRNA, as assayed in an in vitro translation system. Thus, a clone containing pro-alpha2 collagen DNA was constructed without first obtaining highly purified collagen mRNA.
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Avvedimento VE, Acquaviva AM, Varrone S. Repetitive and non-repetitive sequences in the transcript in vitro of porcine thyroid chromatin. Eur J Biochem 1977; 78:1-10. [PMID: 913390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purified pig thyroid chromatin has been transcribed in vitro with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The transcript, analyzed by DNA-RNA hybridization, shows two major kinetic components: 40% of the transcript is copied by repetitive sequences present 100 times per haploid genome; another 25% anneals to DNA with a rate constant Kh 10-4 M - S-1, typical of single-copy sequences. The transcript annealed at cot = 40 M - S to fractions of 2000-nucleotide DNA, when banded in neutral CsCl gradient only hybridizes to the heavy side of the main band. At cot = 3000 M - S, another hybridizing fraction appears on the light side of the main band of the gradient. The reassociation properties of these fractions show that the heavy DNA fraction is reiterated about 100 times per haploid genome, whereas the light DNA appears as a unique sequence, associated to small repetitive elements. The transcript, analyzed by formamide/sucrose gradient, shows two peaks with sedimentation coefficients of 10 S and 4 S, respectively. The 10-S RNA, hybridized to native 2000-nucleotide-length DNA, has a Kh of 10-4 M - S-1 and a cot1/2 of 10(3) M - S, typical of single-copy sequences.
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Abstract
The sequence organization of porcine DNA isolated from thyroid has been analyzed by hydroxylapatite (HAP) chromatography. The reassociation of 0.4 kilobase (Kb) DNA fragments shows, besides the presence of 5% inverted repeat sequences (foldback DNA), that 45% of the genome is represented by high (10%) and intermediate (35%) repetitive components, whereas the remaining 50% is unique sequences. 30% of the unique sequences consists of 1,000 nucleotide fragments interspersed with repetitive elements 400 nucleotides in length. The remaining 20% is longer unique sequences (10,000 nucleotides) apparently not linked to repetitive elements.
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