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Gerstung M, Jolly C, Leshchiner I, Dentro SC, Gonzalez S, Rosebrock D, Mitchell TJ, Rubanova Y, Anur P, Yu K, Tarabichi M, Deshwar A, Wintersinger J, Kleinheinz K, Vázquez-García I, Haase K, Jerman L, Sengupta S, Macintyre G, Malikic S, Donmez N, Livitz DG, Cmero M, Demeulemeester J, Schumacher S, Fan Y, Yao X, Lee J, Schlesner M, Boutros PC, Bowtell DD, Zhu H, Getz G, Imielinski M, Beroukhim R, Sahinalp SC, Ji Y, Peifer M, Markowetz F, Mustonen V, Yuan K, Wang W, Morris QD, Spellman PT, Wedge DC, Van Loo P, Tarabichi M, Wintersinger J, Deshwar AG, Yu K, Gonzalez S, Rubanova Y, Macintyre G, Adams DJ, Anur P, Beroukhim R, Boutros PC, Bowtell DD, Campbell PJ, Cao S, Christie EL, Cmero M, Cun Y, Dawson KJ, Demeulemeester J, Donmez N, Drews RM, Eils R, Fan Y, Fittall M, Garsed DW, Getz G, Ha G, Imielinski M, Jerman L, Ji Y, Kleinheinz K, Lee J, Lee-Six H, Livitz DG, Malikic S, Markowetz F, Martincorena I, Mitchell TJ, Mustonen V, Oesper L, Peifer M, Peto M, Raphael BJ, Rosebrock D, Sahinalp SC, Salcedo A, Schlesner M, Schumacher S, Sengupta S, Shi R, Shin SJ, Spiro O, Pitkänen E, Pivot X, Piñeiro-Yáñez E, Planko L, Plass C, Polak P, Pons T, Popescu I, Potapova O, Prasad A, Stein LD, Preston SR, Prinz M, Pritchard AL, Prokopec SD, Provenzano E, Puente XS, Puig S, Puiggròs M, Pulido-Tamayo S, Pupo GM, Vázquez-García I, Purdie CA, Quinn MC, Rabionet R, Rader JS, Radlwimmer B, Radovic P, Raeder B, Raine KM, Ramakrishna M, Ramakrishnan K, Vembu S, Ramalingam S, Raphael BJ, Rathmell WK, Rausch T, Reifenberger G, Reimand J, Reis-Filho J, Reuter V, Reyes-Salazar I, Reyna MA, Wheeler DA, Reynolds SM, Rheinbay E, Riazalhosseini Y, Richardson AL, Richter J, Ringel M, Ringnér M, Rino Y, Rippe K, Roach J, Yang TP, Roberts LR, Roberts ND, Roberts SA, Robertson AG, Robertson AJ, Rodriguez JB, Rodriguez-Martin B, Rodríguez-González FG, Roehrl MHA, Rohde M, Yao X, Rokutan H, Romieu G, Rooman I, Roques T, Rosebrock D, Rosenberg M, Rosenstiel PC, Rosenwald A, Rowe EW, Royo R, Yuan K, Rozen SG, Rubanova Y, Rubin MA, Rubio-Perez C, Rudneva VA, Rusev BC, Ruzzenente A, Rätsch G, Sabarinathan R, Sabelnykova VY, Zhu H, Sadeghi S, Sahinalp SC, Saini N, Saito-Adachi M, Saksena G, Salcedo A, Salgado R, Salichos L, Sallari R, Saller C, Wang W, Salvia R, Sam M, Samra JS, Sanchez-Vega F, Sander C, Sanders G, Sarin R, Sarrafi I, Sasaki-Oku A, Sauer T, Morris QD, Sauter G, Saw RPM, Scardoni M, Scarlett CJ, Scarpa A, Scelo G, Schadendorf D, Schein JE, Schilhabel MB, Schlesner M, Spellman PT, Schlomm T, Schmidt HK, Schramm SJ, Schreiber S, Schultz N, Schumacher SE, Schwarz RF, Scolyer RA, Scott D, Scully R, Wedge DC, Seethala R, Segre AV, Selander I, Semple CA, Senbabaoglu Y, Sengupta S, Sereni E, Serra S, Sgroi DC, Shackleton M, Van Loo P, Shah NC, Shahabi S, Shang CA, Shang P, Shapira O, Shelton T, Shen C, Shen H, Shepherd R, Shi R, Spellman PT, Shi Y, Shiah YJ, Shibata T, Shih J, Shimizu E, Shimizu K, Shin SJ, Shiraishi Y, Shmaya T, Shmulevich I, Wedge DC, Shorser SI, Short C, Shrestha R, Shringarpure SS, Shriver C, Shuai S, Sidiropoulos N, Siebert R, Sieuwerts AM, Sieverling L, Van Loo P, Signoretti S, Sikora KO, Simbolo M, Simon R, Simons JV, Simpson JT, Simpson PT, Singer S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Sipahimalani P, Aaltonen LA, Skelly TJ, Smid M, Smith J, Smith-McCune K, Socci ND, Sofia HJ, Soloway MG, Song L, Sood AK, Sothi S, Abascal F, Sotiriou C, Soulette CM, Span PN, Spellman PT, Sperandio N, Spillane AJ, Spiro O, Spring J, Staaf J, Stadler PF, Abeshouse A, Staib P, Stark SG, Stebbings L, Stefánsson ÓA, Stegle O, Stein LD, Stenhouse A, Stewart C, Stilgenbauer S, Stobbe MD, Aburatani H, Stratton MR, Stretch JR, Struck AJ, Stuart JM, Stunnenberg HG, Su H, Su X, Sun RX, Sungalee S, Susak H, Adams DJ, Suzuki A, Sweep F, Szczepanowski M, Sültmann H, Yugawa T, Tam A, Tamborero D, Tan BKT, Tan D, Tan P, Agrawal N, Tanaka H, Taniguchi H, Tanskanen TJ, Tarabichi M, Tarnuzzer R, Tarpey P, Taschuk ML, Tatsuno K, Tavaré S, Taylor DF, Ahn KS, Taylor-Weiner A, Teague JW, Teh BT, Tembe V, Temes J, Thai K, Thayer SP, Thiessen N, Thomas G, Thomas S, Ahn SM, Thompson A, Thompson AM, Thompson JFF, Thompson RH, Thorne H, Thorne LB, Thorogood A, Tiao G, Tijanic N, Timms LE, Aikata H, Tirabosco R, Tojo M, Tommasi S, Toon CW, Toprak UH, Torrents D, Tortora G, Tost J, Totoki Y, Townend D, Akbani R, Traficante N, Treilleux I, Trotta JR, Trümper LHP, Tsao M, Tsunoda T, Tubio JMC, Tucker O, Turkington R, Turner DJ, Akdemir KC, Tutt A, Ueno M, Ueno NT, Umbricht C, Umer HM, Underwood TJ, Urban L, Urushidate T, Ushiku T, Uusküla-Reimand L, Al-Ahmadie H, Valencia A, Van Den Berg DJ, Van Laere S, Van Loo P, Van Meir EG, Van den Eynden GG, Van der Kwast T, Vasudev N, Vazquez M, Vedururu R, Al-Sedairy ST, Veluvolu U, Vembu S, Verbeke LPC, Vermeulen P, Verrill C, Viari A, Vicente D, Vicentini C, VijayRaghavan K, Viksna J, Al-Shahrour F, Vilain RE, Villasante I, Vincent-Salomon A, Visakorpi T, Voet D, Vyas P, Vázquez-García I, Waddell NM, Waddell N, Wadelius C, Alawi M, Wadi L, Wagener R, Wala JA, Wang J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Albert M, Waring PM, Warnatz HJ, Warrell J, Warren AY, Waszak SM, Wedge DC, Weichenhan D, Weinberger P, Weinstein JN, Weischenfeldt J, Aldape K, Weisenberger DJ, Welch I, Wendl MC, Werner J, Whalley JP, Wheeler DA, Whitaker HC, Wigle D, Wilkerson MD, Williams A, Alexandrov LB, Wilmott JS, Wilson GW, Wilson JM, Wilson RK, Winterhoff B, Wintersinger JA, Wiznerowicz M, Wolf S, Wong BH, Wong T, Ally A, Wong W, Woo Y, Wood S, Wouters BG, Wright AJ, Wright DW, Wright MH, Wu CL, Wu DY, Wu G, Alsop K, Wu J, Wu K, Wu Y, Wu Z, Xi L, Xia T, Xiang Q, Xiao X, Xing R, Xiong H, Alvarez EG, Xu Q, Xu Y, Xue H, Yachida S, Yakneen S, Yamaguchi R, Yamaguchi TN, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto S, Yamaue H, Amary F, Yang F, Yang H, Yang JY, Yang L, Yang L, Yang S, Yang TP, Yang Y, Yao X, Yaspo ML, Amin SB, Yates L, Yau C, Ye C, Ye K, Yellapantula VD, Yoon CJ, Yoon SS, Yousif F, Yu J, Yu K, Aminou B, Yu W, Yu Y, Yuan K, Yuan Y, Yuen D, Yung CK, Zaikova O, Zamora J, Zapatka M, Zenklusen JC, Ammerpohl O, Zenz T, Zeps N, Zhang CZ, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Anderson MJ, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Zheng L, Zheng X, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zhu B, Ang Y, Zhu H, Zhu J, Zhu S, Zou L, Zou X, deFazio A, van As N, van Deurzen CHM, van de Vijver MJ, van’t Veer L, Antonello D, von Mering C, Anur P, Aparicio S, Appelbaum EL, Arai Y, Aretz A, Arihiro K, Ariizumi SI, Armenia J, Arnould L, Asa S, Assenov Y, Atwal G, Aukema S, Auman JT, Aure MRR, Awadalla P, Aymerich M, Bader GD, Baez-Ortega A, Bailey MH, Bailey PJ, Balasundaram M, Balu S, Bandopadhayay P, Banks RE, Barbi S, Barbour AP, Barenboim J, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Barr H, Barrera E, Bartlett J, Bartolome J, Bassi C, Bathe OF, Baumhoer D, Bavi P, Baylin SB, Bazant W, Beardsmore D, Beck TA, Behjati S, Behren A, Niu B, Bell C, Beltran S, Benz C, Berchuck A, Bergmann AK, Bergstrom EN, Berman BP, Berney DM, Bernhart SH, Beroukhim R, 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Chan-Seng-Yue M, Chandan VS, Chang DK, Chanock SJ, Chantrill LA, Chateigner A, Chatterjee N, Chayama K, Chen HW, Chen J, Chen K, Chen Y, Chen Z, Cherniack AD, Chien J, Chiew YE, Chin SF, Cho J, Cho S, Choi JK, Choi W, Chomienne C, Chong Z, Choo SP, Chou A, Christ AN, Christie EL, Chuah E, Cibulskis C, Cibulskis K, Cingarlini S, Clapham P, Claviez A, Cleary S, Cloonan N, Cmero M, Collins CC, Connor AA, Cooke SL, Cooper CS, Cope L, Corbo V, Cordes MG, Cordner SM, Cortés-Ciriano I, Covington K, Cowin PA, Craft B, Craft D, Creighton CJ, Cun Y, Curley E, Cutcutache I, Czajka K, Czerniak B, Dagg RA, Danilova L, Davi MV, Davidson NR, Davies H, Davis IJ, Davis-Dusenbery BN, Dawson KJ, De La Vega FM, De Paoli-Iseppi R, Defreitas T, Tos APD, Delaneau O, Demchok JA, Demeulemeester J, Demidov GM, Demircioğlu D, Dennis NM, Denroche RE, Dentro SC, Desai N, Deshpande V, Deshwar AG, Desmedt C, Deu-Pons J, Dhalla N, Dhani NC, Dhingra P, Dhir R, DiBiase A, Diamanti K, Ding L, Ding S, Dinh HQ, Dirix L, 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George J, Gerhard DS, Gerhauser C, Gershenwald JE, Gerstein M, Gerstung M, Getz G, Ghori M, Ghossein R, Giama NH, Gibbs RA, Gibson B, Gill AJ, Gill P, Giri DD, Glodzik D, Gnanapragasam VJ, Goebler ME, Goldman MJ, Gomez C, Gonzalez S, Gonzalez-Perez A, Gordenin DA, Gossage J, Gotoh K, Govindan R, Grabau D, Graham JS, Grant RC, Green AR, Green E, Greger L, Grehan N, Grimaldi S, Grimmond SM, Grossman RL, Grundhoff A, Gundem G, Guo Q, Gupta M, Gupta S, Gut IG, Gut M, Göke J, Ha G, Haake A, Haan D, Haas S, Haase K, Haber JE, Habermann N, Hach F, Haider S, Hama N, Hamdy FC, Hamilton A, Hamilton MP, Han L, Hanna GB, Hansmann M, Haradhvala NJ, Harismendy O, Harliwong I, Harmanci AO, Harrington E, Hasegawa T, Haussler D, Hawkins S, Hayami S, Hayashi S, Hayes DN, Hayes SJ, Hayward NK, Hazell S, He Y, Heath AP, Heath SC, Hedley D, Hegde AM, Heiman DI, Heinold MC, Heins Z, Heisler LE, Hellstrom-Lindberg E, Helmy M, Heo SG, Hepperla AJ, Heredia-Genestar JM, Herrmann C, Hersey P, Hess JM, Hilmarsdottir H, Hinton J, Hirano S, Hiraoka N, Hoadley KA, Hobolth A, Hodzic E, Hoell JI, Hoffmann S, Hofmann O, Holbrook A, Holik AZ, Hollingsworth MA, Holmes O, Holt RA, Hong C, Hong EP, Hong JH, Hooijer GK, Hornshøj H, Hosoda F, Hou Y, Hovestadt V, Howat W, Hoyle AP, Hruban RH, Hu J, Hu T, Hua X, Huang KL, Huang M, Huang MN, Huang V, Huang Y, Huber W, Hudson TJ, Hummel M, Hung JA, Huntsman D, Hupp TR, Huse J, Huska MR, Hutter B, Hutter CM, Hübschmann D, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Imbusch CD, Imielinski M, Imoto S, Isaacs WB, Isaev K, Ishikawa S, Iskar M, Islam SMA, Ittmann M, Ivkovic S, Izarzugaza JMG, Jacquemier J, Jakrot V, Jamieson NB, Jang GH, Jang SJ, Jayaseelan JC, Jayasinghe R, Jefferys SR, Jegalian K, Jennings JL, Jeon SH, Jerman L, Ji Y, Jiao W, Johansson PA, Johns AL, Johns J, Johnson R, Johnson TA, Jolly C, Joly Y, Jonasson JG, Jones CD, Jones DR, Jones DTW, Jones N, Jones SJM, Jonkers J, Ju YS, Juhl H, Jung J, Juul M, Juul RI, Juul S, Jäger N, Kabbe R, Kahles A, Kahraman A, Kaiser VB, Kakavand H, Kalimuthu S, von Kalle C, Kang KJ, Karaszi K, Karlan B, Karlić R, Karsch D, Kasaian K, Kassahn KS, Katai H, Kato M, Katoh H, Kawakami Y, Kay JD, Kazakoff SH, Kazanov MD, Keays M, Kebebew E, Kefford RF, Kellis M, Kench JG, Kennedy CJ, Kerssemakers JNA, Khoo D, Khoo V, Khuntikeo N, Khurana E, Kilpinen H, Kim HK, Kim HL, Kim HY, Kim H, Kim J, Kim J, Kim JK, Kim Y, King TA, Klapper W, Kleinheinz K, Klimczak LJ, Knappskog S, Kneba M, Knoppers BM, Koh Y, Komorowski J, Komura D, Komura M, Kong G, Kool M, Korbel JO, Korchina V, Korshunov A, Koscher M, Koster R, Kote-Jarai Z, Koures A, Kovacevic M, Kremeyer B, Kretzmer H, Kreuz M, Krishnamurthy S, Kube D, Kumar K, Kumar P, Kumar S, Kumar Y, Kundra R, Kübler K, Küppers R, Lagergren J, Lai PH, Laird PW, Lakhani SR, Lalansingh CM, Lalonde E, Lamaze FC, Lambert A, Lander E, Landgraf P, Landoni L, Langerød A, Lanzós A, Larsimont D, Larsson E, Lathrop M, Lau LMS, Lawerenz C, Lawlor RT, Lawrence MS, Lazar AJ, Lazic AM, Le X, Lee D, Lee D, Lee EA, Lee HJ, Lee JJK, Lee JY, Lee J, Lee MTM, Lee-Six H, Lehmann KV, Lehrach H, Lenze D, Leonard CR, Leongamornlert DA, Leshchiner I, Letourneau L, Letunic I, Levine DA, Lewis L, Ley T, Li C, Li CH, Li HI, Li J, Li L, Li S, Li S, Li X, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Liang H, Liang SB, Lichter P, Lin P, Lin Z, Linehan WM, Lingjærde OC, Liu D, Liu EM, Liu FFF, Liu F, Liu J, Liu X, Livingstone J, Livitz D, Livni N, Lochovsky L, Loeffler M, Long GV, Lopez-Guillermo A, Lou S, Louis DN, Lovat LB, Lu Y, Lu YJ, Lu Y, Luchini C, Lungu I, Luo X, Luxton HJ, Lynch AG, Lype L, López C, López-Otín C, Ma EZ, Ma Y, MacGrogan G, MacRae S, Macintyre G, Madsen T, Maejima K, Mafficini A, Maglinte DT, Maitra A, Majumder PP, Malcovati L, Malikic S, Malleo G, Mann GJ, Mantovani-Löffler L, Marchal K, Marchegiani G, Mardis ER, Margolin AA, Marin MG, Markowetz F, Markowski J, Marks J, Marques-Bonet T, Marra MA, Marsden L, Martens JWM, Martin S, Martin-Subero JI, Martincorena I, Martinez-Fundichely A, Maruvka YE, Mashl RJ, Massie CE, Matthew TJ, Matthews L, Mayer E, Mayes S, Mayo M, Mbabaali F, McCune K, McDermott U, McGillivray PD, McLellan MD, McPherson JD, McPherson JR, McPherson TA, Meier SR, Meng A, Meng S, Menzies A, Merrett ND, Merson S, Meyerson M, Meyerson W, Mieczkowski PA, Mihaiescu GL, Mijalkovic S, Mikkelsen T, Milella M, Mileshkin L, Miller CA, Miller DK, Miller JK, Mills GB, Milovanovic A, Minner S, Miotto M, Arnau GM, Mirabello L, Mitchell C, Mitchell TJ, Miyano S, Miyoshi N, Mizuno S, Molnár-Gábor F, Moore MJ, Moore RA, Morganella S, Morris QD, Morrison C, Mose LE, Moser CD, Muiños F, Mularoni L, Mungall AJ, Mungall K, Musgrove EA, Mustonen V, Mutch D, Muyas F, Muzny DM, Muñoz A, Myers J, Myklebost O, Möller P, Nagae G, Nagrial AM, Nahal-Bose HK, Nakagama H, Nakagawa H, Nakamura H, Nakamura T, Nakano K, Nandi T, Nangalia J, Nastic M, Navarro A, Navarro FCP, Neal DE, Nettekoven G, Newell F, Newhouse SJ, Newton Y, Ng AWT, Ng A, Nicholson J, Nicol D, Nie Y, Nielsen GP, Nielsen MM, Nik-Zainal S, Noble MS, Nones K, Northcott PA, Notta F, O’Connor BD, O’Donnell P, O’Donovan M, O’Meara S, O’Neill BP, O’Neill JR, Ocana D, Ochoa A, Oesper L, Ogden C, Ohdan H, Ohi K, Ohno-Machado L, Oien KA, Ojesina AI, Ojima H, Okusaka T, Omberg L, Ong CK, Ossowski S, Ott G, Ouellette BFF, P’ng C, Paczkowska M, Paiella S, Pairojkul C, Pajic M, Pan-Hammarström Q, Papaemmanuil E, Papatheodorou I, Paramasivam N, Park JW, Park JW, Park K, Park K, Park PJ, Parker JS, Parsons SL, Pass H, Pasternack D, Pastore A, Patch AM, Pauporté I, Pea A, Pearson JV, Pedamallu CS, Pedersen JS, Pederzoli P, Peifer M, Pennell NA, Perou CM, Perry MD, Petersen GM, Peto M, Petrelli N, Petryszak R, Pfister SM, Phillips M, Pich O, Pickett HA, Pihl TD, Pillay N, Pinder S, Pinese M, Pinho AV. Author Correction: The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers. Nature 2023; 614:E42. [PMID: 36697833 PMCID: PMC9931577 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gerstung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK. .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Clemency Jolly
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Stefan C. Dentro
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Santiago Gonzalez
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Rosebrock
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Thomas J. Mitchell
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yulia Rubanova
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Pavana Anur
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Kaixian Yu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Amit Deshwar
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Jeff Wintersinger
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Kortine Kleinheinz
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Vázquez-García
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin Haase
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lara Jerman
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK ,grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Subhajit Sengupta
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Geoff Macintyre
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Salem Malikic
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia Canada ,grid.412541.70000 0001 0684 7796Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Nilgun Donmez
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia Canada ,grid.412541.70000 0001 0684 7796Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Dimitri G. Livitz
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Marek Cmero
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XUniversity of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Schumacher
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Yu Fan
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiaotong Yao
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.429884.b0000 0004 1791 0895New York Genome Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Juhee Lee
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XOntario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David D. Bowtell
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gad Getz
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.429884.b0000 0004 1791 0895New York Genome Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - S. Cenk Sahinalp
- grid.412541.70000 0001 0684 7796Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada ,grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Yuan Ji
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Martin Peifer
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Markowetz
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ville Mustonen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ke Yuan
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wenyi Wang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Quaid D. Morris
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Paul T. Spellman
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - David C. Wedge
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.454382.c0000 0004 7871 7212Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. .,University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Calabrese C, Davidson NR, Demircioğlu D, Fonseca NA, He Y, Kahles A, Lehmann KV, Liu F, Shiraishi Y, Soulette CM, Urban L, Greger L, Li S, Liu D, Perry MD, Xiang Q, Zhang F, Zhang J, Bailey P, Erkek S, Hoadley KA, Hou Y, Huska MR, Kilpinen H, Korbel JO, Marin MG, Markowski J, Nandi T, Pan-Hammarström Q, Pedamallu CS, Siebert R, Stark SG, Su H, Tan P, Waszak SM, Yung C, Zhu S, Awadalla P, Creighton CJ, Meyerson M, Ouellette BFF, Wu K, Yang H, Brazma A, Brooks AN, Göke J, Rätsch G, Schwarz RF, Stegle O, Zhang Z, Wu K, Yang H, Fonseca NA, Kahles A, Lehmann KV, Urban L, Soulette CM, Shiraishi Y, Liu F, He Y, Demircioğlu D, Davidson NR, Calabrese C, Zhang J, Perry MD, Xiang Q, Greger L, Li S, Liu D, Stark SG, Zhang F, Amin SB, Bailey P, Chateigner A, Cortés-Ciriano I, Craft B, Erkek S, Frenkel-Morgenstern M, Goldman M, Hoadley KA, Hou Y, Huska MR, Khurana E, Kilpinen H, Korbel JO, Lamaze FC, Li C, Li X, Li X, Liu X, Marin MG, Markowski J, Nandi T, Nielsen MM, Ojesina AI, Pan-Hammarström Q, 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KH, Busanovich J, Bustamante CD, Butler AP, Butte AJ, Byrne NJ, Børresen-Dale AL, Caesar-Johnson SJ, Cafferkey A, Cahill D, Calabrese C, Caldas C, Calvo F, Camacho N, Campbell PJ, Campo E, Cantù C, Cao S, Carey TE, Carlevaro-Fita J, Carlsen R, Cataldo I, Cazzola M, Cebon J, Cerfolio R, Chadwick DE, Chakravarty D, Chalmers D, Chan CWY, Chan K, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Chandan VS, Chang DK, Chanock SJ, Chantrill LA, Chateigner A, Chatterjee N, Chayama K, Chen HW, Chen J, Chen K, Chen Y, Chen Z, Cherniack AD, Chien J, Chiew YE, Chin SF, Cho J, Cho S, Choi JK, Choi W, Chomienne C, Chong Z, Choo SP, Chou A, Christ AN, Christie EL, Chuah E, Cibulskis C, Cibulskis K, Cingarlini S, Clapham P, Claviez A, Cleary S, Cloonan N, Cmero M, Collins CC, Connor AA, Cooke SL, Cooper CS, Cope L, Corbo V, Cordes MG, Cordner SM, Cortés-Ciriano I, Covington K, Cowin PA, Craft B, Craft D, Creighton CJ, Cun Y, Curley E, Cutcutache I, Czajka K, Czerniak B, Dagg RA, Danilova L, Davi MV, Davidson NR, Davies H, Davis IJ, 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Author Correction: Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer. Nature 2023; 614:E37. [PMID: 36697831 PMCID: PMC9931574 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Calabrese
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Natalie R. Davidson
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Demircioğlu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nuno A. Fonseca
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yao He
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - André Kahles
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kjong-Van Lehmann
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fenglin Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Cameron M. Soulette
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Lara Urban
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Liliana Greger
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Siliang Li
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongbing Liu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Marc D. Perry
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Qian Xiang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Bailey
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Serap Erkek
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- grid.10698.360000000122483208The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Yong Hou
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Matthew R. Huska
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Kilpinen
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan O. Korbel
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximillian G. Marin
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Julia Markowski
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tannistha Nandi
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Reiner Siebert
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUlm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan G. Stark
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hong Su
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Patrick Tan
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian M. Waszak
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Yung
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shida Zhu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip Awadalla
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Kui Wu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Angela N. Brooks
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonathan Göke
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gunnar Rätsch
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roland F. Schwarz
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK ,grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK ,grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zemin Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
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Aaltonen LA, Abascal F, Abeshouse A, Aburatani H, Adams DJ, Agrawal N, Ahn KS, Ahn SM, Aikata H, Akbani R, Akdemir KC, Al-Ahmadie H, Al-Sedairy ST, Al-Shahrour F, Alawi M, Albert M, Aldape K, Alexandrov LB, Ally A, Alsop K, Alvarez EG, Amary F, Amin SB, Aminou B, Ammerpohl O, Anderson MJ, Ang Y, Antonello D, Anur P, Aparicio S, Appelbaum EL, Arai Y, Aretz A, Arihiro K, Ariizumi SI, Armenia J, Arnould L, Asa S, Assenov Y, Atwal G, Aukema S, Auman JT, Aure MRR, Awadalla P, Aymerich M, Bader GD, Baez-Ortega A, Bailey MH, Bailey PJ, Balasundaram M, Balu S, Bandopadhayay P, Banks RE, Barbi S, Barbour AP, Barenboim J, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Barr H, Barrera E, Bartlett J, Bartolome J, Bassi C, Bathe OF, Baumhoer D, Bavi P, Baylin SB, Bazant W, Beardsmore D, Beck TA, Behjati S, Behren A, Niu B, Bell C, Beltran S, Benz C, Berchuck A, Bergmann AK, Bergstrom EN, Berman BP, Berney DM, Bernhart SH, Beroukhim R, Berrios M, Bersani S, Bertl J, Betancourt M, Bhandari V, Bhosle SG, Biankin AV, Bieg M, 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Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes. Nature 2020; 578:82-93. [PMID: 32025007 PMCID: PMC7025898 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1435] [Impact Index Per Article: 358.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1-3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10-18.
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4
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Newell F, Kong Y, Wilmott JS, Johansson PA, Ferguson PM, Cui C, Li Z, Kazakoff SH, Burke H, Dodds TJ, Patch AM, Nones K, Tembe V, Shang P, van der Weyden L, Wong K, Holmes O, Lo S, Leonard C, Wood S, Xu Q, Rawson RV, Mukhopadhyay P, Dummer R, Levesque MP, Jönsson G, Wang X, Yeh I, Wu H, Joseph N, Bastian BC, Long GV, Spillane AJ, Shannon KF, Thompson JF, Saw RPM, Adams DJ, Si L, Pearson JV, Hayward NK, Waddell N, Mann GJ, Guo J, Scolyer RA. Whole-genome landscape of mucosal melanoma reveals diverse drivers and therapeutic targets. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3163. [PMID: 31320640 PMCID: PMC6639323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of key drivers and therapeutic targets in mucosal melanoma is limited due to the paucity of comprehensive mutation data on this rare tumor type. To better understand the genomic landscape of mucosal melanoma, here we describe whole genome sequencing analysis of 67 tumors and validation of driver gene mutations by exome sequencing of 45 tumors. Tumors have a low point mutation burden and high numbers of structural variants, including recurrent structural rearrangements targeting TERT, CDK4 and MDM2. Significantly mutated genes are NRAS, BRAF, NF1, KIT, SF3B1, TP53, SPRED1, ATRX, HLA-A and CHD8. SF3B1 mutations occur more commonly in female genital and anorectal melanomas and CTNNB1 mutations implicate a role for WNT signaling defects in the genesis of some mucosal melanomas. TERT aberrations and ATRX mutations are associated with alterations in telomere length. Mutation profiles of the majority of mucosal melanomas suggest potential susceptibility to CDK4/6 and/or MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Peter M Ferguson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chuanliang Cui
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Hazel Burke
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan J Dodds
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Varsha Tembe
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Ping Shang
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kim Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Serigne Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Robert V Rawson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Dermatology Clinic, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, 221 85, Sweden
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Nancy Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Andrew J Spillane
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kerwin F Shannon
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Robyn P M Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Lu Si
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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5
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Hayward NK, Wilmott JS, Waddell N, Johansson PA, Field MA, Nones K, Patch AM, Kakavand H, Alexandrov LB, Burke H, Jakrot V, Kazakoff S, Holmes O, Leonard C, Sabarinathan R, Mularoni L, Wood S, Xu Q, Waddell N, Tembe V, Pupo GM, De Paoli-Iseppi R, Vilain RE, Shang P, Lau LMS, Dagg RA, Schramm SJ, Pritchard A, Dutton-Regester K, Newell F, Fitzgerald A, Shang CA, Grimmond SM, Pickett HA, Yang JY, Stretch JR, Behren A, Kefford RF, Hersey P, Long GV, Cebon J, Shackleton M, Spillane AJ, Saw RPM, López-Bigas N, Pearson JV, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA, Mann GJ. Whole-genome landscapes of major melanoma subtypes. Nature 2017; 545:175-180. [PMID: 28467829 DOI: 10.1038/nature22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma of the skin is a common cancer only in Europeans, whereas it arises in internal body surfaces (mucosal sites) and on the hands and feet (acral sites) in people throughout the world. Here we report analysis of whole-genome sequences from cutaneous, acral and mucosal subtypes of melanoma. The heavily mutated landscape of coding and non-coding mutations in cutaneous melanoma resolved novel signatures of mutagenesis attributable to ultraviolet radiation. However, acral and mucosal melanomas were dominated by structural changes and mutation signatures of unknown aetiology, not previously identified in melanoma. The number of genes affected by recurrent mutations disrupting non-coding sequences was similar to that affected by recurrent mutations to coding sequences. Significantly mutated genes included BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS and TP53 in cutaneous melanoma, BRAF, NRAS and NF1 in acral melanoma and SF3B1 in mucosal melanoma. Mutations affecting the TERT promoter were the most frequent of all; however, neither they nor ATRX mutations, which correlate with alternative telomere lengthening, were associated with greater telomere length. Most melanomas had potentially actionable mutations, most in components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositol kinase pathways. The whole-genome mutation landscape of melanoma reveals diverse carcinogenic processes across its subtypes, some unrelated to sun exposure, and extends potential involvement of the non-coding genome in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Hayward
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Matthew A Field
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hojabr Kakavand
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | | | - Hazel Burke
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Valerie Jakrot
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loris Mularoni
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Varsha Tembe
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Gulietta M Pupo
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Ricardo De Paoli-Iseppi
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ricardo E Vilain
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ping Shang
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Loretta M S Lau
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Dagg
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales Sydney, 2145, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Schramm
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Antonia Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Ken Dutton-Regester
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Anna Fitzgerald
- Bioplatforms Australia, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Catherine A Shang
- Bioplatforms Australia, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jean Y Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Stretch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Richard F Kefford
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Mark Shackleton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew J Spillane
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Robyn P M Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Núria López-Bigas
- Research Program on Biomedical Informatics, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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6
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Lee J, Long G, Boyd S, Lo S, Menzies A, Tembe V, Guminski A, Jakrot V, Scolyer R, Mann G, Kefford R, Carlino M, Rizos H. Circulating tumour DNA predicts response to anti-PD1 antibodies in metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:1130-1136. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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7
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Gray ES, Rizos H, Reid AL, Boyd SC, Pereira MR, Lo J, Tembe V, Freeman J, Lee JHJ, Scolyer RA, Siew K, Lomma C, Cooper A, Khattak MA, Meniawy TM, Long GV, Carlino MS, Millward M, Ziman M. Circulating tumor DNA to monitor treatment response and detect acquired resistance in patients with metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42008-18. [PMID: 26524482 PMCID: PMC4747205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat tumor biopsies to study genomic changes during therapy are difficult, invasive and data are confounded by tumoral heterogeneity. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can provide a non-invasive approach to assess prognosis and the genetic evolution of tumors in response to therapy. Mutation-specific droplet digital PCR was used to measure plasma concentrations of oncogenic BRAF and NRAS variants in 48 patients with advanced metastatic melanoma prior to treatment with targeted therapies (vemurafenib, dabrafenib or dabrafenib/trametinib combination) or immunotherapies (ipilimumab, nivolumab or pembrolizumab). Baseline ctDNA levels were evaluated relative to treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS). Tumor-associated ctDNA was detected in the plasma of 35/48 (73%) patients prior to treatment and lower ctDNA levels at this time point were significantly associated with response to treatment and prolonged PFS, irrespective of therapy type. Levels of ctDNA decreased significantly in patients treated with MAPK inhibitors (p < 0.001) in accordance with response to therapy, but this was not apparent in patients receiving immunotherapies. We show that circulating NRAS mutations, known to confer resistance to BRAF inhibitors, were detected in 3 of 7 (43%) patients progressing on kinase inhibitor therapy. Significantly, ctDNA rebound and circulating mutant NRAS preceded radiological detection of progressive disease. Our data demonstrate that ctDNA is a useful biomarker of response to kinase inhibitor therapy and can be used to monitor tumor evolution and detect the early appearance of resistance effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin S Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna L Reid
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanah C Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle R Pereira
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Johnny Lo
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Varsha Tembe
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Freeman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jenny H J Lee
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Disciplines of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelvin Siew
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chris Lomma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam Cooper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muhammad A Khattak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tarek M Meniawy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Wilmott JS, Field MA, Johansson PA, Kakavand H, Shang P, De Paoli-Iseppi R, Vilain RE, Pupo GM, Tembe V, Jakrot V, Shang CA, Cebon J, Shackleton M, Fitzgerald A, Thompson JF, Hayward NK, Mann GJ, Scolyer RA. Tumour procurement, DNA extraction, coverage analysis and optimisation of mutation-detection algorithms for human melanoma genomes. Pathology 2016; 47:683-93. [PMID: 26517638 DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of cancer patients' tumours offers the most comprehensive method of identifying both novel and known clinically-actionable genomic targets. However, the practicalities of performing WGS on clinical samples are poorly defined.This study was designed to test sample preparation, sequencing specifications and bioinformatic algorithms for their effect on accuracy and cost-efficiency in a large WGS analysis of human melanoma samples.WGS was performed on melanoma cell lines (n = 15) and melanoma fresh frozen tumours (n = 222). The appropriate level of coverage and the optimal mutation detection algorithm for the project pipeline were determined.An incremental increase in sequencing coverage from 36X to 132X in melanoma tissue samples and 30X to 103X for cell lines only resulted in a small increase (1-2%) in the number of mutations detected, and the quality scores of the additional mutations indicated a low probability that the mutations were real. The results suggest that 60X coverage for melanoma tissue and 40X for melanoma cell lines empower the detection of 98-99% of informative single nucleotide variants (SNVs), a sensitivity level at which clinical decision making or landscape research projects can be carried out with a high degree of confidence in the results. Likewise the bioinformatic mutation analysis methodology strongly influenced the number and quality of SNVs detected. Detecting mutations in the blood genomes separate to the tumour genomes generated 41% more SNVs than if the blood and melanoma tissue genomes were analysed simultaneously. Therefore, simultaneous analysis should be employed on matched melanoma tissue and blood genomes to reduce errors in mutation detection.This study provided valuable insights into the accuracy of SNV with WGS at various coverage levels in human clinical cancer specimens. Additionally, we investigated the accuracy of the publicly available mutation detection algorithms to detect cancer specific SNVs which will aid researchers and clinicians in study design and implementation of WGS for the identification of somatic mutations in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wilmott
- 1Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, NSW 2Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 3Immunogenomics Laboratory, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 4Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Qld 5Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, NSW 6Bioplatforms Australia, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 7Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic 8The Cancer Development and Treatment Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Vic 9Departments of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology 10Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; these authors contributed equally
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9
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Tembe V, Martino-Echarri E, Marzec KA, Mok MT, Brodie KM, Mills K, Lei Y, DeFazio A, Rizos H, Kettle E, Boadle R, Henderson BR. The BARD1 BRCT domain contributes to p53 binding, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial localization, and apoptotic function. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1763-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Tembe V, Schramm SJ, Stark MS, Patrick E, Jayaswal V, Tang YH, Barbour A, Hayward NK, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA, Yang YH, Mann GJ. MicroRNA and mRNA expression profiling in metastatic melanoma reveal associations with BRAF mutation and patient prognosis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:254-66. [PMID: 25490969 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in melanoma is unclear. We examined global miRNA expression profiles in fresh-frozen metastatic melanomas in relation to clinical outcome and BRAF mutation, with validation in independent cohorts of tumours and sera. We integrated miRNA and mRNA information from the same samples and elucidated networks associated with outcome and mutation. Associations with prognosis were replicated for miR-150-5p, miR-142-3p and miR-142-5p. Co-analysis of miRNA and mRNA uncovered a network associated with poor prognosis (PP) that paradoxically favoured expression of miRNAs opposing tumorigenesis. These miRNAs are likely part of an autoregulatory response to oncogenic drivers, rather than drivers themselves. Robust association of miR-150-5p and the miR-142 duplex with good prognosis and earlier stage metastatic melanoma supports their potential as biomarkers. miRNAs overexpressed in association with PP in an autoregulatory fashion will not be suitable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tembe
- Westmead Millennium Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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11
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Dutton-Regester K, Kakavand H, Aoude LG, Stark MS, Gartside MG, Johansson P, O'Connor L, Lanagan C, Tembe V, Pupo GM, Haydu LE, Schmidt CW, Mann GJ, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA, Hayward NK. Melanomas of unknown primary have a mutation profile consistent with cutaneous sun-exposed melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:852-60. [PMID: 23890154 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) is an uncommon phenomenon whereby patients present with metastatic disease without an evident primary site. To determine their likely site of origin, we combined exome sequencing from 33 MUPs to assess the total rate of somatic mutations and degree of UV mutagenesis. An independent cohort of 91 archival MUPs was also screened for 46 hot spot mutations highly prevalent in melanoma including BRAF, NRAS, KIT, GNAQ, and GNA11. Results showed that the majority of MUPs exhibited high somatic mutation rates, high ratios of C>T/G>A transitions, and a high rate of BRAF (45 of 101, 45%) and NRAS (32 of 101, 32%) mutations, collectively indicating a mutation profile consistent with cutaneous sun-exposed melanomas. These data suggest that a significant proportion of MUPs arise from regressed or unrecognized primary cutaneous melanomas or arise de novo in lymph nodes from nevus cells that have migrated from the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Dutton-Regester
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Long GV, Wilmott JS, Haydu LE, Tembe V, Sharma R, Rizos H, Thompson JF, Howle J, Scolyer RA, Kefford RF. Effects of BRAF inhibitors on human melanoma tissue before treatment, early during treatment, and on progression. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:499-508. [PMID: 23557327 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) are a standard of care for the treatment of BRAF(V) (600) -mutant metastatic melanoma. We analyzed a unique set of serial triplicate human metastatic melanoma tumor biopsies to identify biomarkers of BRAFi response and resistance. Morphologic features and immunohistochemical biomarkers were analyzed in 37 metastatic melanoma biopsies at pretreatment (PRE), early during treatment (EDT), and on progression (PROG) from 15 patients treated with a BRAFi and correlated with response and outcome. At EDT, proliferative markers decreased regardless of response, whereas markers of cell death increased in responders. High expression of nuclear p27 at baseline was the strongest predictor of a poorer OS and predicted worse response. The results show that BRAFi are universally antiproliferative, regardless of clinical response, whereas markers of cell death increased only in responders. The addition of therapies targeting the cell cycle machinery may improve the response and duration of BRAFi, and investigation of the mechanisms of apoptosis may provide additional therapeutic targets.
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13
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Wilmott JS, Tembe V, Howle JR, Sharma R, Thompson JF, Rizos H, Lo RS, Kefford RF, Scolyer RA, Long GV. Intratumoral molecular heterogeneity in a BRAF-mutant, BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma: a case illustrating the challenges for personalized medicine. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2704-8. [PMID: 22962325 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies are increasingly being used to treat a variety of cancers. Their efficacy depends upon the accurate detection and targeting of a specific mutation or aberration in the tumor. All cancers, such as melanoma, are molecularly heterogeneous, with drug-resistant subclones present before the treatment or emerging as a result of targeted therapies. Here, we show intralesional molecular heterogeneity in a progressing V600E BRAF-mutant melanoma metastasis from a patient treated for 7 months with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. In the single metastasis, two distinct subclones were observed, both V600E BRAF-mutant and only one with an additional G13R NRAS mutation. Molecular heterogeneity even at the intralesional level shows that personalizing or adjusting therapies based on genotyping of a portion of a single lesion may not accurately depict the molecular profile or drivers of oncogenesis across the entire patient's melanoma.
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Anforth R, Tembe V, Blumetti T, Fernandez-Peñas P. Mutational analysis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and verrucal keratosis in patients taking BRAF inhibitors. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:569-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Dutton-Regester K, Irwin D, Hunt P, Aoude LG, Tembe V, Pupo GM, Lanagan C, Carter CD, O'Connor L, O'Rourke M, Scolyer RA, Mann GJ, Schmidt CW, Herington A, Hayward NK. A high-throughput panel for identifying clinically relevant mutation profiles in melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:888-97. [PMID: 22383533 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Success with molecular-based targeted drugs in the treatment of cancer has ignited extensive research efforts within the field of personalized therapeutics. However, successful application of such therapies is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations within the patient's tumor that can confer clinical efficacy or drug resistance. Building on these findings, we developed a high-throughput mutation panel for the identification of frequently occurring and clinically relevant mutations in melanoma. An extensive literature search and interrogation of the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database identified more than 1,000 melanoma mutations. Applying a filtering strategy to focus on mutations amenable to the development of targeted drugs, we initially screened 120 known mutations in 271 samples using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. A total of 252 mutations were detected in 17 genes, the highest frequency occurred in BRAF (n = 154, 57%), NRAS (n = 55, 20%), CDK4 (n = 8, 3%), PTK2B (n = 7, 2.5%), and ERBB4 (n = 5, 2%). Based on this initial discovery screen, a total of 46 assays interrogating 39 mutations in 20 genes were designed to develop a melanoma-specific panel. These assays were distributed in multiplexes over 8 wells using strict assay design parameters optimized for sensitive mutation detection. The final melanoma-specific mutation panel is a cost effective, sensitive, high-throughput approach for identifying mutations of clinical relevance to molecular-based therapeutics for the treatment of melanoma. When used in a clinical research setting, the panel may rapidly and accurately identify potentially effective treatment strategies using novel or existing molecularly targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Dutton-Regester
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Oncogenomics Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland.
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Dutton-Regester K, Aoude LG, Nancarrow DJ, Stark MS, O'Connor L, Lanagan C, Pupo GM, Tembe V, Carter CD, O'Rourke M, Scolyer RA, Mann GJ, Schmidt CW, Herington A, Hayward NK. Identification of TFG (TRK-fused gene) as a putative metastatic melanoma tumor suppressor gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:452-61. [PMID: 22250051 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
High density SNP arrays can be used to identify DNA copy number changes in tumors such as homozygous deletions of tumor suppressor genes and focal amplifications of oncogenes. Illumina Human CNV370 Bead chip arrays were used to assess the genome for unbalanced chromosomal events occurring in 39 cell lines derived from stage III metastatic melanomas. A number of genes previously recognized to have an important role in the development and progression of melanoma were identified including homozygous deletions of CDKN2A (13 of 39 samples), CDKN2B (10 of 39), PTEN (3 of 39), PTPRD (3 of 39), TP53 (1 of 39), and amplifications of CCND1 (2 of 39), MITF (2 of 39), MDM2 (1 of 39), and NRAS (1 of 39). In addition, a number of focal homozygous deletions potentially targeting novel melanoma tumor suppressor genes were identified. Because of their likely functional significance for melanoma progression, FAS, CH25H, BMPR1A, ACTA2, and TFG were investigated in a larger cohort of melanomas through sequencing. Nonsynonymous mutations were identified in BMPR1A (1 of 43), ACTA2 (3 of 43), and TFG (5 of 103). A number of potentially important mutation events occurred in TFG including the identification of a mini mutation "hotspot" at amino acid residue 380 (P380S and P380L) and the presence of multiple mutations in two melanomas. Mutations in TFG may have important clinical relevance for current therapeutic strategies to treat metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Dutton-Regester
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Oncogenomics Laboratory, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia.
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17
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Long GV, Wilmott JS, Howle JR, Chatfield MD, Tembe V, Thompson JF, Hersey P, Mann GJ, McArthur GA, Rizos H, Young RJ, Scurr LL, Sharma RN, Kefford RF, Scolyer RA. Morphologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) changes in metastatic melanoma (MM) tissue and associations with clinical outcome in patients (pts) on BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Tembe V, Henderson BR. BARD1 Translocation to Mitochondria Correlates with Bax Oligomerization, Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:20513-22. [PMID: 17510055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702627200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer regulatory protein-1 (BRCA1)-associated RING domain 1 (BARD1) gene is mutated in a subset of breast/ovarian cancers. BARD1 functions as a heterodimer with BRCA1 in nuclear DNA repair. BARD1 also has a BRCA1-independent apoptotic activity. Here we investigated the link between cytoplasmic localization and apoptotic function of BARD1. We used immunofluorescence microscopy and deconvolution analysis to resolve BARD1 cytoplasmic staining patterns and detected endogenous BARD1 at mitochondria. BARD1 was also detected in mitochondrial cell fractions by immunoblotting. The targeting of BARD1 to mitochondria was modestly stimulated by DNA damage and did not require BRCA1 as indicated by RNA interference and peptide-competition experiments. Transiently expressed yellow fluorescence protein-BARD1 localized to mitochondria, and the targeting sequences were mapped to both the N and C terminus of BARD1. Ectopic yellow fluorescence protein-BARD1 induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in MCF-7 breast tumor cells. BARD1 apoptotic function was associated with stimulation of Bax oligomerization at mitochondria. This distinguishes it from BRCA1, which is pro-apoptotic but did not induce Bax oligomerization. The cancer-associated BARD1 splice-variant DeltaRIN (lacks the BRCA1 binding domain and ankyrin repeats) was recruited to mitochondria but did not stimulate apoptosis or alter membrane permeability. We propose that BARD1 has two main sites of action in its cellular response to DNA damage, the nucleus, where it promotes cell survival through DNA repair, and the mitochondria, where BARD1 regulates apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tembe
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Abstract
Human cells are prone to a range of natural environmental stresses and administered agents that damage or modify DNA, resulting in a cellular response typified by either cell death, or a cell cycle arrest, to permit repair of the genomic damage. DNA damage often elicits movement of proteins from one subcellular location to another, and the redistribution of proteins involved in genomic maintenance into distinct nuclear DNA repair foci is well documented. In this review, we discuss the DNA damage-induced trafficking of proteins to and from other distinct subcellular organelles including the nucleolus, mitochondria, Golgi complex and centrosome. The extent of intracellular transport suggests a dynamic and possibly co-ordinated role for protein trafficking in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tembe
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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20
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Abstract
The BARD1 gene is mutated in a subset of breast and ovarian cancers, implicating BARD1 as a potential tumor suppressor. BARD1 gains a ubiquitin E3 ligase activity when heterodimerized with BRCA1, but the only known BRCA1-independent BARD1 function is a p53-dependent proapoptotic activity stimulated by nuclear export to the cytoplasm. We described previously the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of BARD1, and in this study, we identify the transport sequences that target BARD1 to the nucleus and show that they are essential for BARD1 regulation of the cell cycle. We used deletion mapping and mutagenesis to define two active nuclear localization signals (NLSs) present in human BARD1 that are not conserved in rodent BARD1. Site-directed mutagenesis of the primary bipartite NLS abolished BARD1 nuclear import and caused its cytoplasmic accumulation. Using flow cytometry and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation assays, we discovered that transiently expressed BARD1 can elicit a p53-independent cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, and that this was abrogated by mutation of the BARD1 NLS but not by mutation of the nuclear export signal. Thus, BARD1 regulation of the cell cycle is a nuclear event and may be linked to its induced expression during mitosis and its possible involvement in the DNA damage checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schüchner
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute at Westmead Hospital, Darcy Road, PO Box 412, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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21
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Daniel A, Wu Z, Darmanian A, Malafiej P, Tembe V, Peters G, Kennedy C, Adès L. Issues arising from the prenatal diagnosis of some rare trisomy mosaics—the importance of cryptic fetal mosaicism. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24:524-36. [PMID: 15300743 DOI: 10.1002/pd.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To add to the knowledge of fetal mosaicism, confined placental mosaicism (CPM), and uniparental disomy (UPD), in rare trisomies detected at prenatal diagnosis. METHODS The origin of rare trisomy mosaics, mostly (8/11) seen in amniocytes, was examined in 11 cases by follow-up karyotyping and the study of microsatellite inheritance. RESULTS Of the rare trisomies presented, three were mosaic trisomy 16 (two of which were CPM), and the remainder comprised single cases of mosaic trisomies of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 5 and 15--the last two being CPM. Cases varied in parental derivation and meiotic versus post-zygotic origin but no case involved UPD. There was evidence for cryptic fetal mosaicism in three cases (5, 7, 11)--involving chromosomes 11, 14 and 16. CONCLUSIONS These cases contribute further data to phenotypes associated with rare trisomies and the relative influences on the phenotype of CPM, UPD and fetal mosaicism. From sparse published data, we estimate that approximately 10% of apparent CPM cases for a rare trisomy (i.e. aneuploid CVS, normal amniocytes) may actually be cryptic fetal mosaics undetected in cultured amniocytes. In many cases, this cryptic mosaicism may be of limited clinical significance, but in others, the associated phenotypic effects may be obvious. There is no general approach to resolve this issue; the finding of even a few similar aneuploid cells in different amniocyte culture vessels may be clinically significant. It may be useful to study such an amniocyte culture with FISH with the relevant centromeric probe. Careful follow-up is recommended, particularly for infants where apparent correction of autosomal trisomy has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Art Daniel
- Department of Cytogenetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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22
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Dean J, Cohen G, Kemp J, Robson L, Tembe V, Hasselaar J, Webster B, Lammi A, Smith A. Karyotype 69,XXX/47,XX,+15 in a 2 1/2 year old child. J Med Genet 1997; 34:246-9. [PMID: 9132499 PMCID: PMC1050902 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the clinical findings in a 2 1/2 year old girl with an unusual mosaic karyotype. Amniocentesis was performed at 35 weeks because of intrauterine growth retardation. The in situ cultures showed 47,XX,+15 in seven colonies, 69,XXX in four colonies, and in two colonies 46,XX was detected. Subcultures showed 69,XXX/47,XX,+15 with no normal cells. A small dysmorphic baby was born at term. Cytogenetic studies were performed on cord blood, amnion, and placental tissue immediately after birth and further studies on peripheral blood, bone marrow, muscle biopsy, and skin cultures at 1 1/2 years of age. FISH with two autosomal centromeric probes was performed on the peripheral blood sample. A normal cell line could not be seen in any postnatal tissue by either technique. The predominant cell line postnatally was 69,XXX. There were no cytogenetic polymorphisms and the parental origin of the different cell lines was not determined. Marked red cell macrocytosis of peripheral blood was noted on routine blood count. Bone marrow aspiration showed megaloblastic haemopoiesis without evidence of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. At 2 1/2 years, the patient has significant developmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dean
- Department of Haematology, New Children's Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Sriussadaporn S, Wong MS, Whitfield JF, Tembe V, Favus MJ. Structure-function relationship of human parathyroid hormone in the regulation of vitamin D receptor expression in osteoblast-like cells (ROS 17/2.8). Endocrinology 1995; 136:3735-42. [PMID: 7649079 DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.9.7649079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the relationship between PTH structure and function in the activation of protein kinases have revealed that different regions within the biologically active PTH-(1-34) peptide are responsible for different functions. The first two N-terminal amino acids are required for plasma membrane adenylyl cyclase stimulation, and the C-terminal region 29-32 is necessary for the translocating activity of protein kinase C. In the present study, we explored the structure-function relationship of human (h) PTH in the regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in osteoblast-like cells (ROS 17/2.8). VDR-rich cytosol extract was prepared after the confluent cells were incubated with different hPTH fragments for 16 h. hPTH-(1-34) at concentrations of 10(-9)-10(-7) M caused a dose-dependent decrease in VDR content from a control level of 70.2 +/- 2.2 fmol/mg protein to 62.1 +/- 3.3 (-16%) at 10(-9) M, 52.3 +/- 5.3 (-25.5%; P < 0.02) at 10(-8) M, and 45.5 +/- 3.5 fmol/mg protein (-35.3%; P = 0.001) at 10(-7) M (n = 6). hPTH-(1-31) also decreased VDR content from 65.5 +/- 3.6 to 55.2 +/- 7.9 (-19.5%) at 10(-9) M, 44.3 +/- 5.8 (-32.4%; P < 0.05) at 10(-8) M, and 40.6 +/- 3.2 fmol/mg protein (-38.9%; P < 0.05) at 10(-7) M (n = 6). Incubation of ROS 17/2.8 cells with 0.5 nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] led to up-regulation of VDR content by 340-370% of the control value. hPTH-(1-34) decreased the VDR up-regulatory effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 from 340% to 230% of the control value at 10(-8) M (P < 0.0001) and 170% of the control value (P < 0.0001) at 10(-7) M, respectively (n = 6). hPTH-(1-31) also decreased the receptor up-regulatory effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 from 370% to 286% (P < 0.02) at 10(-8) M and 220% (P < 0.002) at 10(-7) M, respectively (n = 6). hPTH-(3-34) and -(13-34) at concentrations of 10(-9)-10(-7) M did not decrease VDR content in either the absence or presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3. Quantitation of VDR messenger RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that PTH-(1-34) and -(1-31) at 10(-7) M, but not PTH-(3-34) and -(13-34), inhibited ROS 17/2.8 cell VDR gene expression in both the absence and presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sriussadaporn
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois 60637, USA
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Friedlander J, Janulis M, Tembe V, Ro HK, Wong MS, Favus MJ. Loss of parathyroid hormone-stimulated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production in aging does not involve protein kinase A or C pathways. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9:339-45. [PMID: 8191927 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650090308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal calcium absorption declines with aging as a result of decreased renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] biosynthesis. At least part of the decline in 1,25-(OH)2D3 may be due to acquired resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D1-hydroxylase (1-OHase) activity. To test whether aging rats can increase 1,25-(OH)2D3 production in response to PTH, male rats of the same litter were fed a normal Ca diet and were sacrificed at 175-225 g (young rats) or 3 months later at 350-425 g (aging rats). At sacrifice, basal serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels (88 +/- 16 versus 49 +/- 8 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and in vitro renal proximal tubule 1-OHase activity (178 +/- 15 versus 77 +/- 5 pmol/mg protein/5 minutes, n = 6, P < 0.001) were lower in aging animals. rPTH-(1-34) (10(-11) or 10(-7) M) increased in vitro 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion by perifused renal proximal tubules from young but not aging rats. For young and aging rats, rPTH-(1-34) (10(-7) M) increased proximal tubule cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity, and lower concentrations (10(-11) M) stimulated translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity from cytosolic to soluble membrane proximal tubule cell fractions. The results of this study show that PTH activation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 production may involve both signaling pathways, with the PKC pathway responsive to lower concentrations of the hormone. The acquired resistance to PTH stimulation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 production in aging appears not to involve the hormonal activation of PKA or PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Friedlander
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois
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25
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Li XQ, Tembe V, Horwitz GM, Bushinsky DA, Favus MJ. Increased intestinal vitamin D receptor in genetic hypercalciuric rats. A cause of intestinal calcium hyperabsorption. J Clin Invest 1993; 91:661-7. [PMID: 8381825 PMCID: PMC288005 DOI: 10.1172/jci116246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, familial or idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a common cause of hypercalciuria and predisposes to calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Intestinal calcium hyperabsorption is a constant feature of IH and may be due to either a vitamin D-independent process in the intestine, a primary overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], or a defect in renal tubular calcium reabsorption. Selective breeding of spontaneously hypercalciuric male and female Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in offspring with hypercalciuria, increased intestinal calcium absorption, and normal serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels. The role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption was explored in 10th generation male genetic IH rats and normocalciuric controls. Urine calcium excretion was greater in IH rats than controls (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.2 mg/24 h, P < 0.001). IH rat intestine contained twice the abundance of VDR compared with normocalciuric controls (536 +/- 73 vs. 243 +/- 42 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.001), with no difference in the affinity of the receptor for its ligand. Comparable migration of IH and normal intestinal VDR on Western blots and of intestinal VDR mRNA by Northern analysis suggests that the VDR in IH rat intestine is not due to large deletion or addition mutations of the wild-type VDR. IH rat intestine contained greater concentrations of vitamin D-dependent calbindin 9-kD protein. The present studies strongly suggest that increased intestinal VDR number and normal levels of circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 result in increased functional VDR-1,25(OH)2D3 complexes, which exert biological actions in enterocytes to increase intestinal calcium transport. Intestinal calcium hyperabsorption in the IH rat may be the first example of a genetic disorder resulting from a pathologic increase in VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Li
- Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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26
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Abstract
A fundamental mechanism for hypercalciuria in genetic hypercalciuric rats appears due to a primary increase in intestinal calcium absorption. However previous studies could not exclude additional mechanisms to account for the hypercalciuria. To determine if enhanced bone mineral dissolution either as a primary abnormality or secondary to a defect in renal tubule calcium reabsorption is responsible for a component of the augmented calcium excretion we studied rats continually inbred for hypercalciuria. Nineteenth generation adult female idiopathic hypercalciuric (IH) and non-inbred control (Ctl) rats were fed 13 g/day of a normal calcium diet (0.6% calcium, NCD) for 10 days. Urine calcium excretion over the last seven days was greater in IH (34 +/- 2 mg/7 day) than in Ctl (2.9 +/- 0.3, P < 0.01) rats. Some rats in each group were continued on the same diet while others were fed a low calcium diet (0.02% calcium, LCD) for an additional 10 days; balance measurements were made over the final seven days. With LCD, urine calcium excretion was approximately 8-fold higher in IH compared to Ctl (13 +/- 2 mg/7 day vs. 1.6 +/- 0.1, IH vs. Ctl, respectively, P < 0.01). In IH rats percent calcium absorption was greater (59 +/- 3% vs. 45 +/- 3, IH vs. Ctl, P < 0.01), however calcium retention was negative (-1.9 +/- 2.0 mg/7 day vs. 6.5 +/- 0.5, IH vs. Ctl, P < 0.01) compared to Ctl rats. The fall in urine calcium excretion when IH rats are fed LCD indicates that enhanced intestinal calcium absorption is a primary mechanism of the hypercalciuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Nephrology Unit, University of Rochester, New York
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Abstract
PTH is a major regulator of renal proximal tubule 1,25(OH)2D3 biosynthesis. However, the intracellular pathways involved in PTH activation of the mitochondrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase (1-OHase) remain unknown. PTH can activate both the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A (PKA) and the plasma membrane phospholipase C/protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. The present study was undertaken to determine whether PKC may mediate PTH activation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Rat PTH 1-34 fragment in vitro translocated PKC activity from cytosolic to soluble membrane fraction from freshly prepared rat proximal tubules. Physiologic concentrations (10(-11)-10(-10) M) of rat PTH 1-34 fragment increased PKC translocation three- to fourfold while PKA activity ratio increased at PTH 10(-7) M. PTH stimulation of PKC and PKA was reduced in the presence of staurosporine (10 nM) by 41 and 29%, respectively. Sangivamycin (10 and 50 microM) also reduced PTH-stimulated PKC translocation, but did not alter PKA activity ratio. In vitro perifusion of renal proximal tubules with PTH (10(-11) M) increased 1,25(OH)2D3 steady-state secretion two- to fourfold. Sangivamycin at the same concentration that inhibited PKC translocation by 52% completely inhibited PTH-stimulated 1,25(OH)2D3 secretion. The present studies indicate that the phospholipase C/PKC pathway may mediate PTH stimulation of mammalian renal proximal tubule 1,25(OH)2D3 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janulis
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois 60637
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28
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Abstract
PTH stimulates mammalian renal proximal tubule cell synthesis and secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] by a Ca-dependent process. In the present study regulation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion by PTH, phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, the Ca ionophore A23187, and calcitonin was evaluated in perifused rat proximal tubule cells isolated by collagenase digestion and centrifugation through Percoll. Tubules from rats fed a low Ca diet secreted 1,25-(OH)2D3 at a rate 2.5 times that of tubule cells from rats fed a normal Ca diet. Perifusion of tubules with human PTH-(1-34) (10(-7) M) induced an immediate and sustained increase in 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion. Perifusion with either A23187 or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate caused transient increases in hormone secretion, while both agents perifused simultaneously resulted in a sustained increase in 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion. Perifusion of tubule cells with the protein kinase-C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine blocked the PTH-induced increase in 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion. Calcitonin had no effect on 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion rates. The results of the present studies show that an activator of PKC increases 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion by mammalian proximal tubule cells and suggest that the phospholipase-C/PKC signalling system may mediate PTH stimulation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ro
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois 60637
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29
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Abstract
The mechanism of vitamin D-dependent intestinal calcium transport has been explored in experimental animals in vivo and in vitro with the aid of pharmacologic agents that inhibit steps in the translocation process. Glucocorticoids in vivo, but not in vitro, inhibit the mucosal-to-serosal flux (Jms) of calcium and thus reduce net calcium absorption. Chronic metabolic acidosis inhibits calcium transport in vivo through inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] production and by a direct effect in vitro on the enterocyte to decrease calcium Jms. Cellular functions that may be involved in the transport process have been inhibited in vitro, including brush border calcium uptake by calcium channel blockers; calmodulin-dependent Ca-activated ATPase by trifluoperazine; calcium binding to vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP, calbindin) by theophylline and acidic lysosomal vesicle function by quinacrine, chloroquine and ammonium chloride. The results of these studies demonstrate the consequences of selectively inhibiting steps thought to be involved in calcium transport and suggest new directions for further research in elucidating mechanisms of cellular calcium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Favus
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637
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30
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Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a major activator of renal proximal tubule 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase (1-OHase). Chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) inhibits 1-OHase and reduces circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] levels in rats fed a low-Ca diet (LCD, 0.002% Ca). To examine the cellular mechanism whereby CMA inhibits 1-OHase, PTH-dependent renal 1-OHase activity and cAMP were measured in proximal tubules isolated from rats fed LCD for 14 days and made acidotic by the addition of 1.5% ammonium chloride to the drinking water. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 and proximal tubule 1-OHase activity and cAMP content were lower in acidotic rats. hPTH-(1-34) (10(-7) M) in vitro increased cAMP content to equivalent concentrations in tubules from rats with CMA and from nonacidotic controls; however, PTH increased 1-OHase activity only in tubules from nonacidotic animals. Although forskolin increased tubule cAMP content to equivalent levels in tubules from acidotic and nonacidotic rats, 1-OHase activity declined in tubules from nonacidotic rats and remained suppressed in acidotic tubules. The results suggest that chronic metabolic acidosis inhibits the PTH activation of 1-OHase through alteration of one or more steps in a cAMP-independent messenger system. PTH and forskolin can increase cAMP production by acidotic and nonacidotic proximal tubules; however, 1-OHase activity is not restored to normal in acidotic tubules and nonacidotic tubule 1-OHase may be inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ro
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637
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Favus MJ, Tembe V, Tanklefsky MD, Ambrosic KA, Nellans HN. Effects of quinacrine on calcium active transport by rat intestinal epithelium. Am J Physiol 1989; 257:G818-22. [PMID: 2596612 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.5.g818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine the possible role of acidic lysosomal vesicles in the transcellular transport of Ca, bidirectional Ca fluxes were measured across intestinal segments in vitro in the absence of electrochemical gradients. Mucosal addition of the weak base quinacrine (0.2 mM) caused a 67% decline in the mucosal-to-serosal Ca flux (Jm----s) across duodenum (175 +/- 34 vs. 58 +/- 9 nmol.cm-2.h-1, P less than 0.007) and reduced cecal Ca Jm----s (177 +/- 15 vs. 45 +/- 4, P less than 0.0001). Higher concentrations of up to 2.0 mM caused no further decline in cecal Ca Jm----s. Inhibition of cecal Ca Jm----s by mucosal chloroquine (0.1 mM) or ammonium chloride (10 mM) varied from 37 to 50%. Addition in vitro of quinacrine to enterocyte basolateral membrane vesicles failed to inhibit ATP-dependent Ca uptake. The present studies demonstrate that agents that collapse lysosomal pH gradients inhibit transcellular Ca transport. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that Ca destined for transcellular transport is functionally associated with acidic lysosomes and that these organelles play an important role in transepithelial Ca translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Favus
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Abstract
One, twenty-five dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], commonly known as calcitriol, stimulates intestinal Ca absorption through increased activity of a cellular transport process. To determine whether transcellular Ca transport involves energy-dependent Ca efflux across enterocyte plasma membrane in vitamin D-sufficient rats, in vitro bidirectional Ca fluxes were measured under short-circuited conditions across proximal duodenum from rats fed diets adequate in vitamin D and containing a normal Ca diet (NCD), a low Ca diet (LCD), or fed NCD and injected with 50 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 daily for 4 days before study. LCD or 1,25(OH)2D3 increased Ca net flux [Jnet, mucosal-to-serosal flux minus the serosal-to-mucosal flux] by increasing Ca mucosal-to-serosal flux (Jm----s) (mean +/- SE, NCD vs. LCD vs. 1,25(OH)2D3, 16 +/- 4 vs. 179 +/- 18 vs. 82 +/- 21 nmol.cm-2. h-1, P less than 0.0001). Initial ATP-dependent Ca uptake rates by duodenal basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) was greater in vesicles from rats fed NCD compared with LCD and not different from NCD injected with 1,25(OH)2D3. These studies suggest that in vitamin D-replete animals, 1,25(OH)2D3 increases epithelial Ca Jm----s by mechanisms that do not involve ATP-dependent BLM Ca efflux. ATP-dependent Ca exit from the cell under these conditions may play a role in intracellular Ca homeostasis rather than Ca absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Favus
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine 60637
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Favus MJ, Mangelsdorf DJ, Tembe V, Coe BJ, Haussler MR. Evidence for in vivo upregulation of the intestinal vitamin D receptor during dietary calcium restriction in the rat. J Clin Invest 1988; 82:218-24. [PMID: 2839546 PMCID: PMC303497 DOI: 10.1172/jci113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] increases intestinal calcium absorption through events that include binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the intracellular vitamin D receptor. In vitro studies using mammalian cell cultures reveal an increase in vitamin D receptor content after exposure to 1,25(OH)2D3. To test the hypothesis that 1,25(OH)2D3 increases enterocyte vitamin D receptor content in vivo, male rats were fed either a normal calcium diet (NCD, 1.2% Ca) or low calcium diet (LCD, 0.002% Ca). After 21 d LCD increased serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels (27 +/- 3 vs. 181 +/- 17 pg/ml, P less than 0.001) and increased transepithelial mucosal to serosal calcium fluxes (Jms) across duodenum (65 +/- 21 vs. 204 +/- 47 nmol/cm2.h, NCD vs. LCD, P less than 0.01) and jejunum (23 +/- 3 vs. 46 +/- 4, P less than 0.007). No change in serosal to mucosal calcium fluxes (Jsm) were observed. LCD increased 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor number threefold in duodenum (32.9 +/- 6.7 vs. 98.7 +/- 13.7 fmol 1,25(OH)2D3/mg protein) and jejunum (34.1 +/- 9.5 vs. 84.9 +/- 7.7) without a change in the receptor affinity for 1,25(OH)2D3 (Kd is 0.17 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.02 nM for NCD and LCD duodenum, respectively). Duodenal polyadenylated vitamin D receptor mRNA determined by Northern blot analysis did not increase appreciably during LCD, suggesting that upregulation in vivo may not be due primarily to increased receptor synthesis. The results of this study indicate that under physiologic conditions as during chronic dietary calcium restriction, increased intestinal vitamin D receptor content accompanies increased calcium active transport. Upregulation of the vitamin D receptor by 1,25(OH)2D3 may result primarily from posttranslational processes that decrease degradation of the receptor with increased receptor synthesis responsible for a negligible portion of the accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Favus
- Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Abstract
Hyperuricosuria appears to cause calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis by promoting the formation of monosodium urate or uric acid crystals, which either act as seed crystals for calcium oxalate or adsorb normally occurring macromolecular inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization. Both mechanisms require that hyperuricosuria cause excessive supersaturation of the urine, but this has not yet been studied under conditions of normal lifestyle. We have measured the saturation with respect to sodium hydrogen urate and the concentration of undissociated uric acid in the urine samples of 67 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis, who had idiopathic hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, both, or neither disorder. Patients with hyperuricosuria excreted urine that was supersaturated with respect to monosodium urate or undissociated uric acid more frequently than did other stone formers or normal subjects, and are therefore at a greater risk of forming a solid phase of monosodium urate or uric acid. Treatment measures that lowered uric acid excretion also lowered urine saturation, and this may be the reason that such treatment tends to prevent calcium stone recurrence.
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Abstract
Urinary saturation with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate was measured in 111 consecutive patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Each patient also was evaluated by a detailed conventional metabolic protocol. Patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria produced abnormally oversaturated urine more frequently than normal subjects and normocalciuric patients, but normocalciuric patients had unexpectedly high levels of urine saturation. Measuring levels of calcium concentration, oxalate concentration, or the chemical concentration product of calcium and oxalate in urine did not predict oversaturation. During thiazide treatment, saturation level tended to fall if it was initially elevated, whether the patient was hypercalciuric or not. Patients whose urine was not remarkably oversaturated showed no tendency to elaborate even less saturated urine during thiazide treatment; instead, the average calcium oxalate saturation level remained constant. Direct urine saturation measurements can detect a small but significant number of normocalciuric patients who have marked oversaturation with respect to calcium oxalate and appear to benefit from treatment.
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Abstract
Precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals from a metastable solution can be detected within 10 min if crystalline sodium urate is added at a solid to liquid ratio of 0.1 mM or more. Without urate, precipitation begins after 50 min. Uric acid is not effective. Pyrophosphate inhibits the effects of sodium urate.
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