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Munsterman AS, VanderBroek AR, Kottwitz JJ, Watson VE. Ex vivo evaluation of a novel suture loop method for equine intestinal biopsies. Vet Surg 2024; 53:723-732. [PMID: 37345891 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare a novel suture loop method for intestinal biopsies (SLB) with a two-layer, hand-sutured biopsy (HSB) technique in equine small and large intestines. STUDY DESIGN Experimental, randomized, ex vivo study. ANIMALS Eight healthy adult horses. METHODS The duodenum, aboral jejunum, and ventral and dorsal large colon were harvested after euthanasia and divided into three sections each. The sections were randomized to SLB, HSB, or control (C, no biopsy) groups. Tissue samples were excised after placement of a suture loop formed by a 4S Roeder knot and oversewn with a Cushing pattern using barbed suture (SLB), or a simple continuous pattern oversewn with a Cushing pattern (HSB). Intraluminal diameter was assessed with contrast radiographs; bursting pressure and wall tension were determined using a solid-state sensor after instillation of fluid. Tissue samples were evaluated by a board-certified pathologist. RESULTS Tissue samples were full thickness with similar depth and quality (p > .3). Changes in intraluminal diameter did not differ between methods (p > .16). The bursting pressures were higher for controls than biopsied sections (p < .009) but were not different between biopsy methods (p = .998). Bursting wall tension was higher for controls (p < .02) and was similar for both biopsy methods (p = .852). CONCLUSION The SLB was equivalent to HSB in strength and effect on intraluminal diameter. The HSB samples were larger and more likely to contain mucosa/villi for histologic diagnosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The SLB method can be adapted for laparoscopic surgery to obtain both small and large intestinal biopsies. Further investigation is needed before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia S Munsterman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashley R VanderBroek
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack J Kottwitz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Victoria E Watson
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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2
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Lowe J, Bann CM, Dempsey AG, Fuller J, Taylor HG, Gustafson KE, Watson VE, Vohr BR, Das A, Shankaran S, Yolton K, Ball MB, Hintz SR. Do Bayley-III Composite Scores at 18-22 Months Corrected Age Predict Full-Scale IQ at 6-7 Years in Children Born Extremely Preterm? J Pediatr 2023; 263:113700. [PMID: 37640232 PMCID: PMC10840976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of the Bayley-III cognitive and language composite scores at 18-22 months corrected age to predict WISC-IV Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) at 6-7 years in infants born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN Children in this study were part of the Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcome cohort, a secondary study to the SUPPORT trial and born 240/7-276/7 weeks gestational age. Bayley-III cognitive and language scores and WISC-IV FSIQ were compared with pairwise Pearson correlation coefficients and adjusted for medical and socioeconomic variables using linear mixed effect regression models. RESULTS Bayley-III cognitive (r = 0.33) and language scores (r = 0.44) were mildly correlated with WISC-IV FSIQ score. Of the children with Bayley-III cognitive scores of <70, 67% also had FSIQ of <70. There was less consistency for children with Bayley-III scores in the 85-100 range; 43% had an FSIQ of <85 and 10% an FSIQ of <70. Among those with Bayley-III language scores >100, approximately 1 in 5 had an FSIQ of <85. A cut point of 92 for the cognitive composite score resulted in sensitivity (0.60), specificity (0.64). A cut point of 88 for the language composite score produced sensitivity (0.61), specificity (0.70). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the Bayley-III cognitive and language scores correlate with later IQ, but may fail to predict delay or misclassify children who are not delayed at school age. The Bayley-III can be a useful tool to help identify children born extremely preterm who have below average cognitive scores and may be at the greatest risk for ongoing cognitive difficulties. TRIAL REGISTRATION Extended Follow-up at School Age for the SUPPORT Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes (NEURO) Cohort: NCT00233324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Carla M Bann
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Allison G Dempsey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, Denver, CO
| | - Janell Fuller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM.
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kathryn E Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Betty R Vohr
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Abhik Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Seetha Shankaran
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, MD
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - M Bethany Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susan R Hintz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
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3
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Groeneveld DJ, Poole LG, Bouck EG, Schulte A, Wei Z, Williams KJ, Watson VE, Lisman T, Wolberg AS, Luyendyk JP. Robust coagulation activation and coagulopathy in mice with experimental acetaminophen-induced liver failure. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2430-2440. [PMID: 37054919 PMCID: PMC10524846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) display both hyper- and hypocoagulable changes not necessarily recapitulated by standard hepatotoxic doses of APAP used in mice (eg, 300 mg/kg). OBJECTIVES We sought to examine coagulation activation in vivo and plasma coagulation potential ex vivo in experimental settings of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and repair (300-450 mg/kg) and APAP-induced ALF (600 mg/kg) in mice. RESULTS APAP-induced ALF was associated with increased plasma thrombin-antithrombin complexes, decreased plasma prothrombin, and a dramatic reduction in plasma fibrinogen compared with lower APAP doses. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposits increased independent of APAP dose, whereas plasma fibrin(ogen) degradation products markedly increased in mice with experimental ALF. Early pharmacologic anticoagulation (+2 hours after 600 mg/kg APAP) limited coagulation activation and reduced hepatic necrosis. The marked coagulation activation evident in mice with APAP-induced ALF was associated with a coagulopathy detectable ex vivo in plasma. Specifically, prolongation of the prothrombin time and inhibition of tissue factor-initiated clot formation were evident even after restoration of physiological fibrinogen concentrations. Plasma endogenous thrombin potential was similarly reduced at all APAP doses. Interestingly, in the presence of ample fibrinogen, ∼10 times more thrombin was required to clot plasma from mice with APAP-induced ALF compared with plasma from mice with simple hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that robust pathologic coagulation cascade activation in vivo and suppressed coagulation ex vivo are evident in mice with APAP-induced ALF. This unique experimental setting may fill an unmet need as a model to uncover mechanistic aspects of the complex coagulopathy of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna J Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Emma G Bouck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Schulte
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zimu Wei
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kurt J Williams
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Victoria E Watson
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ton Lisman
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation and Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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4
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Neugebauer KA, Okros M, Guzior DV, Feiner J, Chargo NJ, Rzepka M, Schilmiller AL, O’Reilly S, Jones AD, Watson VE, Luyendyk JP, McCabe LR, Quinn RA. Baat Gene Knockout Alters Post-Natal Development, the Gut Microbiome, and Reveals Unusual Bile Acids in Mice. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100297. [PMID: 36243101 PMCID: PMC9679037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are steroid detergents in bile that contribute to fat absorption, cell signaling, and microbiome interactions. The final step in their synthesis is amino acid conjugation with either glycine or taurine in the liver by the enzyme bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT). Here, we describe the microbial, chemical, and physiological consequences of Baat gene knockout. Baat-/- mice were underweight after weaning but quickly exhibited catch-up growth. At three weeks of age, KO animals had increased phospholipid excretion and decreased subcutaneous fat pad mass, liver mass, glycogen staining in hepatocytes, and hepatic vitamin A stores, but these were less marked in adulthood. Additionally, KO mice had an altered microbiome in early life. Their BA pool was highly enriched in cholic acid but not completely devoid of conjugated BAs. KO animals had 27-fold lower taurine-conjugated BAs than wild type in their liver but similar concentrations of glycine-conjugated BAs and higher microbially conjugated BAs. Furthermore, the BA pool in Baat-/- was enriched in a variety of unusual BAs that were putatively sourced from cysteamine conjugation with subsequent oxidation and methylation of the sulfur group mimicking taurine. Antibiotic treatment of KO mice indicated the microbiome was not the likely source of the unusual conjugations, instead, the unique BAs in KO animals were likely derived from the peroxisomal acyltransferases Acnat1 and Acnat2, which are duplications of Baat in the mouse genome that are inactivated in humans. This study demonstrates that BA conjugation is important for early life development of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri A. Neugebauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maxwell Okros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Douglas V. Guzior
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jeremiah Feiner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Chargo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Madison Rzepka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anthony L. Schilmiller
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sandra O’Reilly
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A. Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Victoria E. Watson
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura R. McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A. Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,For correspondence: Robert A. Quinn
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5
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Gerras AL, Thompson KA, Watson VE. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 259:1-3. [PMID: 35349470 DOI: 10.2460/javma.20.05.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Gerras
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | | | - Victoria E Watson
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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6
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Oliveira LB, Watson VE, Rissi DR. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:1-3. [PMID: 34910675 DOI: 10.2460/javma.19.06.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
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7
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Fowler AW, Gilbertie JM, Watson VE, Prange T, Osborne JA, Schnabel LV. Effects of acellular equine amniotic allografts on the healing of experimentally induced full-thickness distal limb wounds in horses. Vet Surg 2019; 48:1416-1428. [PMID: 31385329 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the growth factors contained in equine amniotic membrane allograft (eAM; StemWrap scaffold and StemWrap+ injection) and to evaluate the effect of eAM on equine distal limb wound healing. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental controlled study. SAMPLE POPULATION Eight adult horses. METHODS Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) concentrations in StemWrap+ were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two full-thickness 6.25-cm2 skin wounds were created on each metacarpus. On one forelimb, one wound was treated with eAM, and the other was left untreated (eAM control). On the contralateral limb, one wound was treated with a silicone dressing, and the other served as negative control. Three-dimensional images were obtained to determine wound circumference and surface area analyses at each bandage change until healed. Excessive granulation tissue was debrided once weekly for 4 weeks. Biopsy samples were taken to evaluate quality of wound healing via histologic and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS StemWrap+ contained moderate concentrations of TGF-β1 (494.10 pg/mL), VEGF (212.52 pg/mL), and PGE2 (1811.61 pg/mL). Treatment of wounds with eAM did not affect time to healing or histologic quality of the healing compared with other groups but was associated with increased granulation tissue production early in the study, particularly on day 7. CONCLUSION Application of eAM resulted in increased granulation tissue production while maintaining appropriate healing of experimental wounds. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Use of eAM is likely most beneficial for substantial wounds in which expedient production of large amounts of granulation tissue is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fowler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Gilbertie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Victoria E Watson
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Timo Prange
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jason A Osborne
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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8
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Watson VE, Jacob ME, Bruno-Bárcena JM, Amirsultan S, Stauffer SH, Píqueras VO, Frias R, Gookin JL. Influence of the intestinal microbiota on disease susceptibility in kittens with experimentally-induced carriage of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:197-206. [PMID: 30955810 PMCID: PMC6532395 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Typical enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) carries the highest hazard of death in children with diarrhea and atypical EPEC (aEPEC) was recently identified as significantly associated with diarrheal mortality in kittens. In both children and kittens there is a significant association between aEPEC burden and diarrheal disease, however the infection can be found in individuals with and without diarrhea. It remains unclear to what extent, under what conditions, or by what mechanisms aEPEC serves as a primary pathogen in individuals with diarrhea. It seems likely that a combination of host and bacterial factors enable aEPEC to cause disease in some individuals and not in others. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of aEPEC on intestinal function and diarrhea in kittens following experimentally-induced carriage and the influence of a disrupted intestinal microbiota on disease susceptibility. Results of this study identify aEPEC as a potential pathogen in kittens. In the absence of disruption to the intestinal microbiota, kittens are resistant to clinical signs of aEPEC carriage but demonstrate significant occult changes in intestinal absorption and permeability. Antibiotic-induced disruption of the intestinal microbiota prior to infection increases subsequent intestinal water loss as determined by % fecal wet weight. Enrichment of the intestinal microbiota with a commensal member of the feline mucosa-associated microbiota, Enterococcus hirae, ameliorated the effects of aEPEC experimental infection on intestinal function and water loss. These observations begin to unravel the mechanisms by which aEPEC infection may be able to exploit susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - José M Bruno-Bárcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Frias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jody L Gookin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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9
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Hintz SR, Vohr BR, Bann CM, Taylor HG, Das A, Gustafson KE, Yolton K, Watson VE, Lowe J, DeAnda ME, Ball MB, Finer NN, Van Meurs KP, Shankaran S, Pappas A, Barnes PD, Bulas D, Newman JE, Wilson-Costello DE, Heyne RJ, Harmon HM, Peralta-Carcelen M, Adams-Chapman I, Duncan AF, Fuller J, Vaucher YE, Colaizy TT, Winter S, McGowan EC, Goldstein RF, Higgins RD. Preterm Neuroimaging and School-Age Cognitive Outcomes. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2017-4058. [PMID: 29945955 PMCID: PMC6128951 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Children born extremely preterm are at risk for cognitive difficulties and disability. The relative prognostic value of neonatal brain MRI and cranial ultrasound (CUS) for school-age outcomes remains unclear. Our objectives were to relate near-term conventional brain MRI and early and late CUS to cognitive impairment and disability at 6 to 7 years among children born extremely preterm and assess prognostic value. METHODS A prospective study of adverse early and late CUS and near-term conventional MRI findings to predict outcomes at 6 to 7 years including a full-scale IQ (FSIQ) <70 and disability (FSIQ <70, moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy, or severe vision or hearing impairment) in a subgroup of Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Randomized Trial enrollees. Stepwise logistic regression evaluated associations of neuroimaging with outcomes, adjusting for perinatal-neonatal factors. RESULTS A total of 386 children had follow-up. In unadjusted analyses, severity of white matter abnormality and cerebellar lesions on MRI and adverse CUS findings were associated with outcomes. In full regression models, both adverse late CUS findings (odds ratio [OR] 27.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0-129) and significant cerebellar lesions on MRI (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.1-6.7) remained associated with disability, but only adverse late CUS findings (OR 20.1; 95% CI 3.6-111) were associated with FSIQ <70. Predictive accuracy of stepwise models was not substantially improved with the addition of neuroimaging. CONCLUSIONS Severe but rare adverse late CUS findings were most strongly associated with cognitive impairment and disability at school age, and significant cerebellar lesions on MRI were associated with disability. Near-term conventional MRI did not substantively enhance prediction of severe early school-age outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R. Hintz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Betty R. Vohr
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Carla M. Bann
- Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - H. Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Abhik Das
- Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, Research Triangle Institute International, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Kimberly Yolton
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Victoria E. Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jean Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Maria Elena DeAnda
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - M. Bethany Ball
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Neil N. Finer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Krisa P. Van Meurs
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Seetha Shankaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Athina Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Patrick D. Barnes
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, California
| | - Dorothy Bulas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jamie E. Newman
- Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Deanne E. Wilson-Costello
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Roy J. Heyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Heidi M. Harmon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Ira Adams-Chapman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrea Freeman Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Janell Fuller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yvonne E. Vaucher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Sarah Winter
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elisabeth C. McGowan
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Floating Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Rosemary D. Higgins
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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10
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Watson VE, Sycamore KF, Rissi DR. Pathology in Practice. Diffuse, invasive, undifferentiated gastric carcinoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:893-5. [PMID: 27031414 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.8.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Rissi DR, Levine JM, Eden KB, Watson VE, Griffin JF, Edwards JF, Porter BF. Cerebral oligodendroglioma mimicking intraventricular neoplasia in three dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:396-400. [PMID: 25943126 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715584619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendroglioma is one of the most common primary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs. It is often diagnosed in older, brachycephalic breeds, and although its typical clinical features and neuroanatomic location have been well described, less common presentations may hinder its diagnosis. We describe 3 cases of canine cerebral oligodendroglioma that clinically and grossly present as intraventricular tumors. Histologic findings in all cases were typical of oligodendroglioma. Neoplastic cells were uniformly immunoreactive for Olig2 and negative for neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition to the immunopositivity for Olig2, a cluster of morphologically distinct neoplastic cells in one of the cases was immunoreactive for synaptophysin, and the case was diagnosed as an oligodendroglioma with neurocytic differentiation. Based on these findings, oligodendroglioma should be included as a differential diagnosis for intraventricular neoplasia in dogs. Furthermore, oligodendroglioma with ventricular involvement should be differentiated from central neurocytoma by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Rissi
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Rissi)Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Levine), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXLarge Animal Clinical Sciences (Griffin), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXVeterinary Pathobiology (Edwards, Porter), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Eden)Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Watson)
| | - Jonathan M Levine
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Rissi)Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Levine), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXLarge Animal Clinical Sciences (Griffin), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXVeterinary Pathobiology (Edwards, Porter), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Eden)Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Watson)
| | - Kristin B Eden
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Rissi)Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Levine), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXLarge Animal Clinical Sciences (Griffin), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXVeterinary Pathobiology (Edwards, Porter), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Eden)Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Watson)
| | - Victoria E Watson
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Rissi)Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Levine), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXLarge Animal Clinical Sciences (Griffin), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXVeterinary Pathobiology (Edwards, Porter), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Eden)Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Watson)
| | - John F Griffin
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Rissi)Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Levine), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXLarge Animal Clinical Sciences (Griffin), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXVeterinary Pathobiology (Edwards, Porter), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Eden)Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Watson)
| | - John F Edwards
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Rissi)Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Levine), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXLarge Animal Clinical Sciences (Griffin), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXVeterinary Pathobiology (Edwards, Porter), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Eden)Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Watson)
| | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Pathology and Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Rissi)Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Levine), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXLarge Animal Clinical Sciences (Griffin), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXVeterinary Pathobiology (Edwards, Porter), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA (Eden)Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Watson)
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Watson VE, Hobday MM, Durham AC. Focal intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis in 6 dogs (2008-2011). J Vet Intern Med 2013; 28:48-51. [PMID: 24205954 PMCID: PMC4895536 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipogranulomatous lymphangitis is inflammation of the intestinal lymphatic vessels and surrounding tissues caused by chronic leakage of lipid‐laden chyle. Grossly, lipogranulomas are typically disseminated small masses on the serosa and surrounding lymphatic vessels and consist of epithelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and cholesterol. Lipogranulomatous lymphangitis is occasionally seen in patients with lymphangiectasia and protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE). Objectives To characterize the historical features, clinical signs, treatment, histopathology, and outcome of dogs with focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis. Animals Six dogs with ultrasonographic evidence of focal, regional small intestinal masses, often with involvement of the adjacent mesentery, and a diagnosis of focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis based on histopathology of biopsied masses. Results The median age of dogs was 6.9 years (range 3–10 years). All dogs had total protein, globulin, and albumin concentrations within the reference range at initial presentation and had intestinal masses identified on abdominal ultrasound examination. Histopathologic evaluation of lesions identified severe mural and mesenteric lipogranulomatous lymphangitis. Lymphangiectasia was noted in 5 cases and only in sections within the mass‐like lesion; tissue without lipogranulomas had minimal lymphangiectasia, suggesting a localized phenomenon. Postoperative outcomes ranged from remission of clinical signs with no subsequent treatment for 10–12 months in 2 dogs, postoperative management with medical and nutritional management in 3 dogs, and no outcome for 1 case. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This case series describes a unique mass‐like manifestation of intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis and should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in dogs with an intestinal mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Watson
- Veterinary Pathology Department, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA
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Watson VE, Murdock JH, Cazzini P, Schnellbacher R, Divers SJ, Sakamoto K. Retrobulbar adenocarcinoma in an Amazon parrot (Amazona autumnalis). J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:273-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712474817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrobulbar neoplasms are not common in mammals and are even more infrequently seen in nonmammalian species. The current report describes a retrobulbar mass creating exophthalmia and neurologic signs in a red-lored Amazon parrot ( Amazona autumnalis). A 27-year-old female parrot presented for a 3-day history of anorexia and a 2-week history of periocular soft tissue swelling and exophthalmia of the right eye. Physical examination revealed 9% dehydration and right eye exophthalmia with inability to retropulse the globe. A fine-needle aspirate was performed, and cytologic evaluation revealed necrotic debris with scattered clusters of epithelial cells, moderate numbers of macrophages, and few heterophils. Given the possibility of neoplasia and paucity of treatment options, the owners elected euthanasia and submitted the body for necropsy. A large, fluctuant, friable, red, retrobulbar mass with multiple areas of hemorrhage, on cut surface, was noted at necropsy. Histologically, the mass was composed of neoplastic, cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells, forming rosette-like glandular structures, admixed with abundant necrotic debris. The neoplastic cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) by immunohistochemistry. Based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the mass was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Watson
- Departments of Pathology (Watson, Murdock, Cazzini, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Schnellbacher, Divers), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jessica H. Murdock
- Departments of Pathology (Watson, Murdock, Cazzini, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Schnellbacher, Divers), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Paola Cazzini
- Departments of Pathology (Watson, Murdock, Cazzini, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Schnellbacher, Divers), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Rodney Schnellbacher
- Departments of Pathology (Watson, Murdock, Cazzini, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Schnellbacher, Divers), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Stephen J. Divers
- Departments of Pathology (Watson, Murdock, Cazzini, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Schnellbacher, Divers), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Departments of Pathology (Watson, Murdock, Cazzini, Sakamoto), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Schnellbacher, Divers), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Actor JK, Leonard CD, Watson VE, Wells A, Jagannath C, Hunter RL, Dasgupta A. Cytokine mRNA expression and serum cortisol evaluation during murine lung inflammation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2000; 3:343-51. [PMID: 10974146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A model system was characterized for investigating the potential role of cortisol in MTB induced immunopathology. Serum cortisol levels were evaluated in two mouse strains; C57BL/6 mice develop lung granulomas following acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection while A/J mice are deficient in this process. Serum cortisol levels were examined post infection, as well as immunoregulatory mRNA expression in the lung, measured using bioluminescent RT-PCR techniques. Prior to infection, the A/J mice constitutively maintain nearly 75&percent; higher serum cortisol than C57BL/6 mice. Both A/J and C57BL/6 mice exhibited approximately 30&percent; reduction in relative serum cortisol following infection. At no time did serum cortisol levels in the A/J fall below constitutive levels in the non-infected C57BL/6. The overall elevated cortisol in the A/J may affect pulmonary immunoresponsiveness; A/J mice exhibited earlier induction of IL-10 and TNF-alpha than C57BL/6 mice, with a relative lack of IL-2 during late infection. Conversely, the C57BL/6 mice demonstrated higher IL-12(p40) and IL-2 messages at the latter stages of disease than the A/J mice. Both mice demonstrated high IFN-&gama; mRNA. The high constitutive serum cortisol in the A/J mice may therefore contribute to establishment of an environment counter-productive to initiation of protective Th1 cell and granulomatous responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Actor
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Texas 77030, USA.
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Abstract
This study examined mechanisms contributing to pulmonary immunopathology following acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in vivo in a murine model. A/J and C57BL/6 mice were intravenously infected with MTB (Erdman). Pathological differences were found between strains, unrelated to pulmonary load of bacilli. A/J mice developed progressive interstitial pneumonitis, while C57BL/6 mice maintained granuloma formation. The contribution of FAS and FAS ligand-mediated apoptosis was assessed via bioluminescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemical staining, and TUNEL assessment of DNA fragmentation. Cytokine messages for pulmonary tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), as well as for the lytic molecules perforin and granzyme B, were quantified. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3 receptor was performed to monitor lymphocytic lung infiltration. Soon after infection, A/J mice exhibited increased pulmonary IFN-gamma message, concurrent with the appearance of CD3+ lymphocytes distributed throughout the lung. C57BL/6 mice exhibited perivascular cuffing, with no accompanying increase in IFN-gamma message. A/J mice also had elevated levels of FAS and FAS ligand message and protein early after infection, while the C57BL/6 mice had no increased expression of these molecules. Both strains exhibited qualitatively similar numbers of TUNEL-positive cells throughout infection, with a marked increase on day 7. Apoptotic cells appeared to co-localize with acid fast bacilli. It is therefore proposed that apoptosis during initial granuloma formation following MTB infection may occur through a FAS/FAS ligand-independent pathway. Moreover, a failure of completion of the FAS/FAS ligand-mediated apoptosis pathway in the A/J mice may contribute to inefficient elimination of lymphocytes, thus further aggravating pulmonary pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Watson
- University of Texas Houston Medical School, Department of Pathology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Coumans JV, Watson VE, Picken CA, McGrail KM. Saphenous vein interposition graft for recurrent carotid stenosis after prior endarterectomy and stent placement. Case report. J Neurosurg 1999; 90:567-70. [PMID: 10067932 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1999.90.3.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of carotid artery stents is increasing, the management of recurrent stenosis after their placement is undefined. The authors report on a patient who underwent two left carotid endarterectomies followed by left carotid angioplasty and stent placement for recurrent stenosis. A third symptomatic recurrence was subsequently managed by placement of a saphenous vein interposition graft from the common carotid artery to the distal cervical internal carotid artery. The patient remained without hemispheric or retinal ischemia at his 5-month follow-up visit. Interposition grafting should be considered as a treatment option for carotid restenosis after initial endarterectomy and stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Coumans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Riley MG, Kim NN, Watson VE, Gobin YP, LeBel CP, Black KL, Bartus RT. Intra-arterial administration of carboplatin and the blood brain barrier permeabilizing agent, RMP-7: a toxicologic evaluation in swine. J Neurooncol 1998; 36:167-78. [PMID: 9525816 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005751922174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RMP-7 is a bradykinin B2 receptor agonist shown to permeabilize the blood-brain barrier, especially that associated with brain tumors, when administered via both intracarotid and intravenous routes. Both routes of administration are currently being tested in human trials in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin as therapy for gliomas. As an essential prerequisite to the initial intracarotid clinical trials, the potential neurotoxicity of intra-arterial administration of RMP-7 (at a high or low dose), alone and in combination with carboplatin, was assessed in anesthetized Red Duroc swine. Five treatment groups were evaluated with each pig receiving a series of alternating, intra-arterial infusions of RMP-7 (or saline) followed by carboplatin (or saline), as follows: (1) vehicle control: saline/saline; (2) carboplatin only control: saline/carboplatin (50 mg total); (3) RMP-7 only control: RMP-7 (750 ng/kg)/saline; (4) low dose combination: RMP-7 (75 ng/kg)/carboplatin (50 mg total); and (5) high dose combination: RMP-7 (750 ng/kg)/carboplatin (50 mg total). For each subject, one of the alternating dosing sequences (above) was repeated four times during a single dosing session which lasted approximately 40 minutes. Assessments during the in-life phase of the study in the pre- and post-treatment periods consisted of heart rate, arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean), blood gases, body weight, general clinical observations (including evaluation for neurological deficit) and clinical pathology (including a comprehensive battery of standard blood coagulation, hematological and serum chemistry tests). In addition, during the time of treatment, heart rate and arterial blood pressure were monitored. The animals were terminated two weeks after dosing and the brain and rete mirabile (distal to site of infusion) were evaluated for gross and histopathological abnormalities. The histopathology analysis included a reader-blinded analysis using low and high power light microscopic examination of both H&E and Kluver-Berrera stained sections through several key cortical and subcortical brain regions. Transient decreases in arterial blood pressure (mean of 10-25 mmHg) were observed in both groups receiving the high dose of RMP-7 (i.e., 750 ng/kg). No other side effects attributable to RMP-7 and/or carboplatin were observed, and clinical observations revealed no evidence of neurologic deficits. Post-mortem examination revealed no evidence of CNS or cerebral vascular pathology attributable to carboplatin and RMP-7. This study demonstrates that intracarotid administration of the maximum tolerated dose of RMP-7 (750 ng/kg) alone, or in combination with carboplatin (50 mg) is not accompanied by any serious adverse effect, apparent cerebrovascular abnormality or neuropathologic consequence and offers further evidence for the safety of this novel therapeutic approach for enhancing delivery of chemotherapeutics to brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Riley
- Alkermes, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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