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Raoult V, Phillips AA, Nelson J, Niella Y, Skinner C, Tilcock MB, Burke PJ, Szpak P, James WR, Harrod C. Why aquatic scientists should use sulfur stable isotope ratios (ẟ 34S) more often. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141816. [PMID: 38556184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, measurements of light stable isotope ratios have been increasingly used to answer questions across physiology, biology, ecology, and archaeology. The vast majority analyse carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes as the 'default' isotopes, omitting sulfur (δ34S) due to time, cost, or perceived lack of benefits and instrumentation capabilities. Using just carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios can produce results that are inconclusive, uncertain, or in the worst cases, even misleading, especially for scientists that are new to the use and interpretation of stable isotope data. Using sulfur isotope values more regularly has the potential to mitigate these issues, especially given recent advancements that have lowered measurement barriers. Here we provide a review documenting case studies with real-world data, re-analysing different biological topics (i.e. niche, physiology, diet, movement and bioarchaeology) with and without sulfur isotopes to highlight the various strengths of this stable isotope for various applications. We also include a preliminary meta-analysis of the trophic discrimination factor (TDF) for sulfur isotopes, which suggest small (mean -0.4 ± 1.7 ‰ SD) but taxa-dependent mean trophic discrimination. Each case study demonstrates how the exclusion of sulfur comes at the detriment of the results, often leading to very different outputs, or missing valuable discoveries entirely. Given that studies relying on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes currently underpin most of our understanding of various ecological processes, this has concerning implications. Collectively, these examples strongly suggest that researchers planning to use carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes for their research should incorporate sulfur where possible, and that the new 'default' isotope systems for aquatic science should now be carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- Blue Carbon Lab, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, VIC, Australia; Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
| | - Alexandra A Phillips
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - James Nelson
- Department of Marine Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yuri Niella
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Skinner
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Patrick J Burke
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Ryan James
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chris Harrod
- Instituto Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Millennium Nucleus INVASAL, Concepción, Chile; Universidad de Antofagasta Stable Isotope Facility, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Salton M, Raoult V, Jonsen I, Harcourt R. Niche partitioning and individual specialisation in resources and space use of sympatric fur seals at their range margin. Oecologia 2024; 204:815-832. [PMID: 38568471 PMCID: PMC11062968 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ecological theory predicts niche partitioning between high-level predators living in sympatry as a mechanism to minimise the selective pressure of competition. Accordingly, male Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and New Zealand fur seals A. forsteri that live in sympatry should exhibit partitioning in their broad niches (in habitat and trophic dimensions) in order to coexist. However, at the northern end of their distributions in Australia, both are recolonising their historic range after a long absence due to over-exploitation, and their small population sizes suggest competition should be weak and may allow overlap in niche space. We found some niche overlap, yet clear partitioning in diet trophic level (δ15N values from vibrissae), spatial niche space (horizontal and vertical telemetry data) and circadian activity patterns (timing of dives) between males of each species, suggesting competition may remain an active driver of niche partitioning amongst individuals even in small, peripheral populations. Consistent with individual specialisation theory, broad niches of populations were associated with high levels of individual specialisation for both species, despite putative low competition. Specialists in isotopic space were not necessarily specialists in spatial niche space, further emphasising their diverse individual strategies for niche partitioning. Males of each species displayed distinct foraging modes, with Australian fur seals primarily benthic and New Zealand fur seals primarily epipelagic, though unexpectedly high individual specialisation for New Zealand fur seals might suggest marginal populations provide exceptions to the pattern generally observed amongst other fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Salton
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia.
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, 2258, Australia
| | - Ian Jonsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Robert Harcourt
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Appleby M, Raoult V, Broadhurst MK, Gaston T. Can denticle morphology help identify southeastern Australian elasmobranchs? J Fish Biol 2024. [PMID: 38491854 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs are covered in scale-like structures called dermal denticles, comprising dentine and enameloid. These structures vary across the body of an individual and between species, and are frequently shed and preserved in marine sediments. With a good understanding of denticle morphology, current and historical elasmobranch diversity and abundance might be assessed from sediment samples. Here, replicate samples of denticles from the bodies of several known (deceased) shark species were collected and characterized for morphology before being assigned morphotypes. These data were used to expand the established literature describing denticles and to investigate intra- and interspecific variability, with the aim of increasing the viability of using sediment samples to assess elasmobranch diversity and abundance. Denticle morphology was influenced more by life-history traits than by species, where demersal species were largely characterized by generalized function and defense denticles, whereas pelagic and benthopelagic species were characterized by drag-reduction denticles. Almost all species possessed abrasion strength or defense denticles on the snout, precluding their utility for separating species. In a separate manipulative experiment, samples of denticles were collected from sediments in two aquaria with known elasmobranchs to determine their utility for reliably separating species. Visual examination of denticles, morphometric measurements, scaled photographs, and reference collections allowed for some precise identification, but not always to the species level. Ongoing work to develop denticle reference collections could help to identify past and present families and, in some cases, species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Appleby
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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Page CE, Ainsworth TD, Leggat W, Egan S, Gupta AS, Raoult V, Gaston TF. Localising terrestrially derived pollution inputs to threatened near-shore coral reefs through stable isotope, water quality and oceanographic analysis. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115193. [PMID: 37399735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Near-shore coral reefs are at high-risk of exposure to pollution from terrestrial activities. Pollution impacts can vary with site-specific factors that span sources, rainfall and oceanographic characteristics. To effectively manage pollution, we need to understand how these factors interact. In this study, we detect terrestrially derived nutrient inputs on near-shore reefs at Norfolk Island, South Pacific by analysis of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and stable isotopes. When compared to a reef site with predominantly oceanic inputs, we found that both the lagoon and a small reef adjacent to a catchment have signatures of human-derived DIN shown through depleted δ15N signatures in macroalgae. We find pollution exposure of reef sites is associated with known and unknown sources, rainfall and mixing of water with the open ocean. In characterising exposure of reef sites we highlight the role of site-specific context in influencing pollution exposure for benthic communities even in remote island systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Page
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), UNSW, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia.
| | - T D Ainsworth
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), UNSW, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - W Leggat
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - S Egan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), UNSW, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - A Sen Gupta
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), UNSW, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - V Raoult
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - T F Gaston
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Pini-Fitzsimmons J, Raoult V, Gaston T, Knott NA, Brown C. Diving into the diet of provisioned smooth stingrays using stable isotope analysis. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:1206-1218. [PMID: 36880179 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recreational fishing waste, produced from processing catches at shore-based fish cleaning facilities and discarded into adjacent waters, is foraged by various aquatic species. However, the potential alterations to the diet of consumers of these resources are poorly studied. Smooth stingrays (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) are a large demersal mesopredatory ray species and common scavenger of recreational fishing discards around southern Australia. Due to their attraction to fish cleaning sites, they are also common targets of unregulated 'stingray feeding' tourism where they are fed commercially produced baits (e.g., pilchards). This study provides a preliminary assessment of the diet of smooth stingrays provisioned recreational fishing discards and baits at two sites in southern New South Wales, Australia (Discard Site: recreational fishing discards only; Provisioning Site: recreational fishing discards and commercial baits) using stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N), and Bayesian stable isotope mixing models. Our results indicate that at both sites invertebrates, considered a main part of the natural diet of smooth stingrays, made a limited contribution to the diets of provisioned stingrays, while a benthic teleost fish that is a common recreational catch was the dominant contributor. As the assessed teleost is potentially a natural prey item for smooth stingrays, it remains unclear whether the contribution came from recreational fishing discards or natural foraging. However, due to smooth stingrays' typically opportunistic foraging strategy, we expected a greater mixture of resources from low to high trophic level prey than was observed. These results suggest that smooth stingrays have either lower reliance on invertebrates as a result of utilizing provisioned resources or higher reliance on teleost fishes than previously thought. Commercial bait products fed to stingrays at the Provisioning Site were not a major contributor to the diets of smooth stingrays, suggesting this activity has a low impact on their nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- Marine Ecosystems Unit, Fisheries Research, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Huskisson, NSW, Australia
| | - Culum Brown
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Grainger R, Raoult V, Peddemors VM, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Gaston TF, Raubenheimer D. Integrating isotopic and nutritional niches reveals multiple dimensions of individual diet specialisation in a marine apex predator. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:514-534. [PMID: 36421071 PMCID: PMC10107186 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary specialisations are important determinants of ecological structure, particularly in species with high per-capita trophic influence like marine apex predators. These species are, however, among the most challenging in which to establish spatiotemporally integrated diets. We introduce a novel integration of stable isotopes with a multidimensional nutritional niche framework that addresses the challenges of establishing spatiotemporally integrated nutritional niches in wild populations, and apply the framework to explore individual diet specialisation in a marine apex predator, the white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Sequential tooth files were sampled from juvenile white sharks to establish individual isotopic (δ-space; δ13 C, δ15 N, δ34 S) niche specialisation. Bayesian mixing models were then used to reveal individual-level prey (p-space) specialisation, and further combined with nutritional geometry models to quantify the nutritional (N-space) dimensions of individual specialisation, and their relationships to prey use. Isotopic and mixing model analyses indicated juvenile white sharks as individual specialists within a broader, generalist, population niche. Individual sharks differed in their consumption of several important mesopredator species, which suggested among-individual variance in trophic roles in either pelagic or benthic food webs. However, variation in nutrient intakes was small and not consistently correlated with differences in prey use, suggesting white sharks as nutritional specialists and that individuals could use functionally and nutritionally different prey as complementary means to achieve a common nutritional goal. We identify how degrees of individual specialisation can differ between niche spaces (δ-, p- or N-space), the physiological and ecological implications of this, and argue that integrating nutrition can provide stronger, mechanistic links between diet specialisation and its intrinsic (fitness/performance) and extrinsic (ecological) outcomes. Our time-integrated framework is adaptable for examining the nutritional consequences and drivers of food use variation at the individual, population or species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Grainger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victor M Peddemors
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriel E Machovsky-Capuska
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Nutri Lens, East Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Troy F Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Riverón S, Raoult V, Slip DJ, Harcourt RG. Lipid extraction has tissue-dependent effects on isotopic values (δ 34 S, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N) from different marine predators. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9346. [PMID: 35737589 PMCID: PMC9539579 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of sulfur isotopes to study trophic ecology in marine ecosystems has increased in the past decade. Unlike other commonly used isotopes (e.g., carbon), sulfur can better discriminate benthic and pelagic productivity. However, how lipid extraction affects sulfur isotopic values has not been assessed, despite its frequent use to remove lipid effects on δ13 C values. METHODS We used white muscle and liver samples from two species of sharks and skin samples from two species of pinnipeds (sea lion and fur seal) to assess the effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope values for δ34 S, δ13 C, and δ15 N. Isotopic values were determined using a continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyzer. RESULTS Lipid extraction significantly decreased δ34 S values in shark tissues, more so for liver than muscle (-4.6 ± 0.9‰ vs -0.8 ± 0.3‰, average change), with nearly no change in their standard deviations. Lipid extraction did not affect δ34 S values from pinniped skin samples (0.2 ± 0.8‰, average change). After lipid extraction, consistent increases in δ13 C values (0.2‰-7.3‰) were detected as expected, especially in tissue with high lipid content (C:N >4). After lipid extraction, significant increases in δ15 N values (0.5‰-1.4‰) were found in shark muscle and liver tissues. For pinniped skin samples, δ15 N values were not significantly lower after lipid extraction (-0.4‰ to -0.1‰). CONCLUSIONS Lipid extraction did not have a strong impact on δ34 S values of shark muscle and pinniped skin (≤1‰). However, our results suggest it is essential to consider the effects of lipid extraction when interpreting results from δ34 S values of shark liver tissue, as they significantly depleted values relative to bulk tissue (~5‰). This may reflect selective removal of sulfolipids and glutathione present in higher concentrations in the liver than in muscle and skin and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Riverón
- Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
- Marine Ecology GroupSchool of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David J. Slip
- Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Taronga Institute of Science and LearningTaronga Conservation Society AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robert G. Harcourt
- Marine Predator Research Group, School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Chan AJ, Raoult V, Jaine FRA, Peddemors VM, Broadhurst MK, Williamson JE. Trophic niche of Australian cownose rays (Rhinoptera neglecta) and whitespotted eagle rays (Aetobatus ocellatus) along the east coast of Australia. J Fish Biol 2022; 100:970-978. [PMID: 35225353 PMCID: PMC9310580 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Australian cownose rays (Rhinoptera neglecta) and whitespotted eagle rays (Aetobatus ocellatus) are large myliobatiform rays that co-occur off temperate eastern Australia. Here, we performed stable-isotope analyses (δ13 C, δ15 N and δ34 S) on fin clips of both species to gain insights into their trophic interactions and isotopic niches, and assess the effect of preservation (ethanol-stored versus frozen) on isotopic values of fin-clip tissue of R. neglecta. Linear mixed models identified species as the main factor contributing to variation among δ15 N and δ34 S values, and disc width for δ13 C. Bayesian ecological niche modelling indicated a 57.4% to 74.5% overlap of trophic niches, with the niche of R. neglecta being smaller and more constrained. Because values of δ13 C were similar between species, variation in isotopic niches were due to differences in δ15 N and δ34 S values. Linear mixed models failed to detect differences in isotopic values of ethanol-stored and frozen fin tissue of R. neglecta. This study provides the first examination of the trophic ecology of R. neglecta and the comparison of isotopic niche with A. ocellatus, which will facilitate future research into the trophic interactions of these species and aid better resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha J. Chan
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fabrice R. A. Jaine
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceMosmanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Victor M. Peddemors
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries ResearchSydney Institute of Marine ScienceMosmanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Matt K. Broadhurst
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science CentreSouthern Cross UniversityCoffs HarbourNew South WalesAustralia
- Marine and Estuarine Ecology UnitSchool of Biological Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jane E. Williamson
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Williamson JE, Gillings MR, Nevatte RJ, Harasti D, Raoult V, Ghaly TM, Stow AJ, Smith TM, Gaston TF. Genetic differentiation in the threatened soft coral
Dendronephthya australis
in temperate eastern Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Williamson
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael R. Gillings
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Ryan J. Nevatte
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - David Harasti
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries Port Stephens Fisheries Institute Port Stephens New South Wales Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Timothy M. Ghaly
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam J. Stow
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Timothy M. Smith
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
| | - Troy F. Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah New South Wales Australia
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10
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Raoult V, Gaston TF, Smith C, Dolfo V, Park JM, Williamson JE. Patterns of mother-embryo isotope fractionation in batoids vary within and between species. J Fish Biol 2022. [PMID: 35249223 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of mother-embryo fractionation of 13 C and 15 N were assessed for their predictability across three species of batoids caught as by-catch in south-eastern Australia. Stable isotope analysis of 24 mothers and their litters revealed that isotope ratios of embryos were significantly different from their corresponding mothers and that the scale and direction of the difference varied within and across species. The range of variation across species was 3.5‰ for δ13 C and 4‰ for δ15 N, equivalent to a difference in trophic level. In one species (Urolophus paucimaculatus) litters could be significantly enriched or depleted in 13 C and 15 N relative to their mothers' isotope signatures. These results suggest that patterns of mother-embryo isotope fractionation vary within and between species and that these patterns may not be explained only by developmental mode. Contrasting patterns of fractionation between and within species make it difficult to adjust mother-embryo fractionation with broad-scale correction factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Troy F Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catrina Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Violaine Dolfo
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Perpignan, France
| | - Joo-Myun Park
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dokdo Research Center, East Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Uljin, Korea
| | - Jane E Williamson
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Hewitt DE, Taylor MD, Raoult V, Smith TM, Gaston TF. Diet-tissue discrimination and turnover of δ 13 C and δ 15 N in muscle tissue of a penaeid prawn. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e9167. [PMID: 34494325 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotopes are used to study trophic and movement ecology in aquatic systems, as they provide spatially distinct, time-integrated signatures of diet. Stable isotope ecology has been used to quantify species-habitat relationships in many important fisheries species (e.g., penaeid prawns), with approaches that typically assume constant values for diet-tissue discrimination and diet-tissue steady state, but these can be highly variable. Here we provide the first report of these processes in Metapenaeus macleayi (eastern school prawn). METHODS Here we explicitly measure and model carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) diet-tissue discrimination and turnover in eastern school prawn muscle tissue as a function of experimental time following a change in diet to an isotopically distinct food source. RESULTS Diet-tissue discrimination factors were 5 and 0.6‰ for δ13 C and δ15 N, respectively. Prawn muscle tissue reached an approximate steady state after approximately 50 and 30 days for δ13 C and δ15 N. Half-lives indicated faster turnover of δ15 N (~8 days) than δ13 C (~14 days). CONCLUSIONS Our diet-tissue discrimination factors deviate from 'typical' values with larger values for carbon than nitrogen isotopes, but are generally similar to those measured in other crustaceans. Similarly, our estimates of isotopic turnover align with those in other penaeid species. These findings confirm muscle tissue as a reliable indicator of long-term diet and movement patterns in eastern school prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Hewitt
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy M Smith
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystems Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Troy F Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
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12
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Raoult V, Grant MI, Barbosa Martins AP, Feitosa LM, Braccini M, Cardeñosa D, Carlson J, Chin A, Curtis T, Carvalho Costa LF, Rodrigues Filho LF, Giarrizzo T, Nunes JLS, Sales JBL, Williamson JE, Simpfendorfer CA. Assigning shark fin origin using species distribution models needs a reality check. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200907. [PMID: 34256580 PMCID: PMC8278065 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Michael I Grant
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | | | - Leonardo Manir Feitosa
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 931117, USA
| | - Matias Braccini
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, PO Box 20, North Beach, Western Australia 6920, Australia
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - John Carlson
- NOAA Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City, FL 32408, USA
| | - Andrew Chin
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Tobey Curtis
- Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Luís Fernando Carvalho Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, CEP 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Rodrigues Filho
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Campus Universitário de Capanema, Rua João Pessoa 121, CEP 68700-030 Capanema, PA, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral 2651, Terra Firme, CEP 66040-170 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz S Nunes
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, CEP 65080-805 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - João Bráullio L Sales
- Grupo de Investigação Biologica Integrada (GIBI), Universidade Federal do Pará, Avenida Perimetral da Ciência, Km01, PCT-Guamá, Terreno 11, CEP 66075-750 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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13
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Riverón S, Raoult V, Baylis AMM, Jones KA, Slip DJ, Harcourt RG. Pelagic and benthic ecosystems drive differences in population and individual specializations in marine predators. Oecologia 2021; 196:891-904. [PMID: 34173892 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Individual specialization, which describes whether populations are comprised of dietary generalists or specialists, has profound ecological and evolutionary implications. However, few studies have quantified individual specialization within and between sympatric species that are functionally similar but have different foraging modes. We assessed the relationship between individual specialization, isotopic niche metrics and foraging behaviour of two marine predators with contrasting foraging modes: pelagic foraging female South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and benthic foraging female southern sea lions (Otaria byronia). Stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen was conducted along the length of adult female vibrissae to determine isotopic niche metrics and the degree of individual specialization. Vibrissae integrated time ranged between 1.1 and 5.5 years, depending on vibrissae length. We found limited overlap in dietary niche-space. Broader population niche sizes were associated with higher degrees of individual specialization, while narrower population niches with lower degrees of individual specialization. The degree of individual specialization was influenced by pelagic and benthic foraging modes. Specifically, South American fur seals, foraging in dynamic pelagic environments with abundant but similar prey, comprised specialist populations composed of generalist individuals. In contrast, benthic southern sea lions foraging in habitats with diverse but less abundant prey had more generalist populations composed of highly specialized individuals. We hypothesize that differences in specialization within and between populations were related to prey availability and habitat differences. Our study supports growing body of literature highlighting that individual specialization is a critical factor in shaping the ecological niche of higher marine predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Riverón
- Marine Predator Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Alastair M M Baylis
- Marine Predator Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.,South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley Cottage, PO Box 609, Stanley, FIQQ 1ZZ, Falkland Islands
| | - Kayleigh A Jones
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.,University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - David J Slip
- Marine Predator Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.,Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Bradley's Head Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Robert G Harcourt
- Marine Predator Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
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14
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Niella Y, Raoult V, Gaston T, Peddemors VM, Harcourt R, Smoothey AF. Overcoming multi-year impacts of maternal isotope signatures using multi-tracers and fast turnover tissues in juvenile sharks. Chemosphere 2021; 269:129393. [PMID: 33383247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes are often used to determine the ecological role of different age classes of animals, but particularly for young animals this approach may be compromised. During gestation and or incubation body tissues of the young are derived directly from the mother. In neonates or post hatching, there is a period of transformation as the young grow and forage independently, but during this period different organs will continue to reflect the maternal isotopic signature as a function of their turnover rate. How long this maternal hangover persists remains poorly understood. We applied a multi-tracer approach (δ15N, δ13C and δ34S) to stable isotope signatures in juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) up to 6.5 years post parturition. We found that maternal provisioning was detectable for up to 3.5 years after birth in muscle but only detectable in young-of-the-year for liver. Inclusion of sulphur revealed when maternal signatures disappeared from low-turnover tissue, while also identifying the spatial and trophic ecology patterns from fast-turnover tissue. These results reveal the importance of sampling fast turnover tissues to study the trophic ecology of juvenile elasmobranchs, and how the use of only δ15N and δ13C isotopes is likely to make maternal patterns more difficult to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Niella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2113, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
| | - Troy Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, 2258, Australia
| | - Victor M Peddemors
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, 2088, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2113, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy F Smoothey
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, 2088, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Wueringer BE, Winther-Janson M, Raoult V, Guttridge TL. Anatomy of the mechanosensory lateral line canal system and electrosensory ampullae of Lorenzini in two species of sawshark (fam. Pristiophoridae). J Fish Biol 2021; 98:168-177. [PMID: 33006147 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has long been assumed that the elongated rostra (the saws) of sawsharks (family: Pristiophoridae) and sawfish (family: Pristidae) serve a similar function. Recent behavioural and anatomical studies have shed light on the dual function of the pristid rostrum in mechanosensory and electrosensory prey detection and prey manipulation. Here, the authors examine the distributions of the mechanosensory lateral line canals and electrosensory ampullae of Lorenzini in the southern sawshark, Pristiophorus nudipinnis and the longnose sawshark, Pristiophorus cirratus. In both species, the receptive fields of the mechano- and electrosensory systems extend the full length of the rostrum indicating that the sawshark rostrum serves a sensory function. Interestingly, despite recent findings suggesting they feed at different trophic levels, minimal interspecific variation between the two species was recorded. Nonetheless, compared to pristids, the pristiophorid rostrum possesses a reduced mechanosensory sampling field but higher electrosensory resolution, which suggests that pristiophorids may not use their rostrums to disable large prey like pristids do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Wueringer
- Sharks And Rays Australia, Bungalow, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Raoult
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Raoult V, Hankard R, De Luca A. Frequency and determinants of malnutrition in hospitalised children with heart diseases. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Broadhurst MK, Tolhurst DJ, Hughes B, Raoult V, Smith TM, Gaston TF. Optimising mesh size with escape gaps in a dual-species portunid-trap fishery. Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Carbia PS, Brown C, Park JM, Gaston TF, Raoult V, Williamson JE. Seasonal and developmental diet shifts in sympatric and allopatric intertidal gobies determined by stomach content and stable isotope analysis. J Fish Biol 2020; 97:1051-1062. [PMID: 32671836 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resource partitioning facilitates the coexistence of sympatric species through spatial, temporal and/or trophic strategies. Fishes living in the intertidal zone demonstrate highly adaptive plastic behaviour, including resource partitioning, through spatial and temporal shifts in diet and microhabitat. Although intertidal fish assemblages are influenced by inter- and intraspecific competition, few studies have compared the extent of resource partitioning between sympatric species in the context of trophic niche plasticity. Here we used complementary approaches, stomach content and stable isotope (δ13 C and δ15 N) analyses, to evaluate seasonal and developmental shifts in trophic niche position in two sympatric (Favonigobius lentiginosus and Bathygobius krefftii) and one allopatric (Bathygobius cocosensis) species of intertidal goby. The results indicate that resource partitioning in the two sympatric species varied with season, with almost no trophic niche overlap in summer to about ~30% overlap in winter. Also, evidence of dietary changes was found in B. cocosensis, which is likely associated with a shift in microhabitat and intraspecific competition. The findings highlight the temporal range of behavioural plasticity in trophic niche position of intertidal gobies, which likely has high adaptive value in the dynamic intertidal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope S Carbia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Culum Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joo M Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Dokdo Research Center, East Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Uljin, Republic of Korea
| | - Troy F Gaston
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Burgess KB, Broadhurst MK, Raoult V, Laglbauer BJL, Coleman MA, Bennett MB. Short- and long-term diets of the threatened longhorned pygmy devil ray, Mobula eregoodoo determined using stable isotopes. J Fish Biol 2020; 97:424-434. [PMID: 32415778 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most mobulids are listed as near threatened to endangered. Nonetheless, effective conservation measures are hindered by knowledge gaps in their ecology and behaviour. In particular, few studies have assessed diets and trophic ecologies that could inform methods to avoid fishing mortality. Here, a shortfall in data for the longhorned pygmy devil ray, Mobula eregoodoo was addressed by describing temporal variability in dietary preferences using stable isotope analysis. During summer and autumn in 2017, five bather-protection gillnets were deployed off eastern Australia (29° S, 153.5° E). From the catches of these gillnets, 35 adult M. eregoodoo had liver, muscle and stomach contents sampled to determine δ13 C and δ15 N profiles. Analyses revealed that surface zooplankton and zooplanktivorous teleosts were important dietary components across short- and long-term temporal scales. Large quantities of undigested sandy sprat, Hyperlophus vittatus, in the stomachs of some specimens unequivocally confirm feeding on teleosts. A narrow isotopic niche and minimal isotopic overlap with reef manta rays, Mobula alfredi from the same geographic region in eastern Australia implies M. eregoodoo has unique and highly specialised resource use relative to other mobulids in the area. The species is clearly vulnerable to capture during inshore migrations, presumably where they feed on shallow-water shoaling teleosts. Female M. eregoodoo likely have a low annual reproductive output, so population recoveries from fishing-induced declines are likely to be slow. Measures to reduce the by catch of M. eregoodoo in local bather-protection gillnets, and artisanal fisheries more broadly, should be given priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Burgess
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- New South Wales Government Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, 2 Bay Drive, Charlesworth Bay, Coffs Harbour, Australia, Australia
- Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Betty J L Laglbauer
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Michael B Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Raoult V, Guimber D, Peretti N, Piloquet H, Hankard R, De Luca A. e-Pinut 2019–Influence de l’état nutritionnel pré-hospitalisation sur la durée de séjour chez l’enfant hospitalisé. NUTR CLIN METAB 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2020.02.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Raoult V, Broadhurst MK, Peddemors VM, Williamson JE, Gaston TF. Resource use of great hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna mokarran) off eastern Australia. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:1430-1440. [PMID: 31613987 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Great hammerhead sharks Sphyrna mokarran are the largest member of Sphyrnidae, yet the roles of these large sharks in the food webs of coastal ecosystems are still poorly understood. Here we obtained samples of muscle, liver and vertebrae from large S. mokarran (234-383 cm total length; LT ) caught as by-catch off eastern Australia and used stable-isotope analyses of δ15 N, δ13 C and δ34 S to infer their resource use and any associated ontogenetic patterns. The results indicated large S. mokarran are apex predators primarily relying on other sharks and rays for their diet, with a preference for benthic resources such as Australian cownose rays Rhinoperon neglecta during the austral summer. Teleosts, cephalopods and crustaceans were not significant components of S. mokarran diets, though some conspecifics appeared to rely on more diverse resources over the austral summer. Ontogenetic shifts in resource use were detected but trajectories of the increases in trophic level varied among individuals. Most S. mokarran had non-linear trajectories in ontogenetic resource-use shifts implying size was not the main explanatory factor. Stable isotope values of δ13 C and δ34 S in muscle suggest S. mokarran span coastal, pelagic and benthic food webs in eastern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmlental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- New South Wales Department of Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Vic M Peddemors
- New South Wales of Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Troy F Gaston
- School of Environmlental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
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22
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Bouvart L, Raoult V, Guimber D, Peretti N, Piloquet H, Hankard R, De Luca A. SUN-PO293: 9th Paediatric Nutrition Week (2018) – Growth Data in Hospitalized Children. Clin Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(19)32923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Broadhurst MK, Domit C, Trevizani TH, Raoult V, Millar RB. Mother-embryo isotope fractionation in the pygmy devilray Mobula kuhlii cf. eregoodootenkee. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:589-593. [PMID: 31087344 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We determined stable-isotope ratios for replicate muscle tissues in 13 gravid Mobula kuhlii cf. eregoodootenkee (110.4-120.4 cm disc width; WD ) and their embryos (7.0-42.3 cm WD ) and also yolks and histrotroph, to assess the potential implications for juvenile nutrition and habitat use. Irrespective of their development in the uterus, embryos had similar δ13 C values in their muscle tissue as the mothers and both had greater values than in the histotroph. During gestation, δ13 C values increased across all sample types. However, while embryo muscle tissue and the histotroph were associated with increasing 15 N levels during embryonic development, this was depleted in the mothers' muscle tissue and yolk. Although speculative, the observed variation in stable-isotope ratios might imply a dietary shift among gravid females during their early gestation. Irrespective of the underlying mechanisms, the results indicate neonates will have relatively greater δ15 N values than post-partum females, which would probably confound juvenile foraging-ecology estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Camila Domit
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Raoult
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell B Millar
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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24
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Raoult V, Bouvart L, Guimber D, Peretti N, Piloquet H, Hankard R, De Luca A. e-Pinut 2018–données de croissance chez l’enfant hospitalisé. NUTR CLIN METAB 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2019.01.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Abstract
The spatial learning skills of high and low stress juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) were tested in a dichotomous choice apparatus. Groups of fish were formed based on background blood cortisol levels and required to learn the location of a food reward hidden in one of two compartments. Low stress fish characterised by low background levels of the stress hormone cortisol had higher activity levels and entered both rewarded and unrewarded rooms frequently. Within the first week of exposure, however, their preference for the rewarded room increased, indicative of learning. Fish that had high background levels of cortisol, in contrast, showed low levels of activity but when they chose between the two rooms they chose the rewarded room most often but showed less improvement over time. After 12 days in the apparatus, both low and high stress fish had similar ratios of rewarded vs unrewarded room entrances. Our results suggest that proactive coping styles may increase exposure to novel contexts and thus favour faster learning but at the cost of reduced initial accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Larissa Trompf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | | | - Culum Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
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26
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Nevatte RJ, Williamson JE, Vella NGF, Raoult V, Wueringer BE. Morphometry and microanatomy of the barbels of the common sawshark Pristiophorus cirratus (Pristiophoridae): implications for pristiophorid behaviour. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:1906-1925. [PMID: 28303565 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The internal anatomy of the barbels of the common sawshark Pristiophorus cirratus was examined with light microscopy to clarify their sensory role. No sensory structures such as taste buds (chemoreception), ampullae of Lorenzini (electroreception) or free neuromasts (lateral line mechanoreception) could be located in the barbels. The presence of bundles of nerve fibres, however, indicates a tactile function for the barbels. Conveyance of information regarding potentially damaging stimuli (nociception) and temperature (thermoception) cannot be excluded at this stage. It is hypothesized that the barbels are used by P. cirratus to locate prey in both the water column and on the substratum via wake detection and sensing changes in surface texture. The barbels may also be involved in the detection of water currents for rheotaxis. Regression analyses on P. cirratus morphometric data showed that the width of the rostrum at two sections (the barbels and the rostrum tip) does not significantly correlate with total length. The regression analyses also suggested that the barbels of P. cirratus may be lateralised.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Nevatte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - J E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - N G F Vella
- Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - V Raoult
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - B E Wueringer
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
- Sharks and Rays Australia, P. O. Box 575, Bungalow, QLD 4870, Australia
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27
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Williamson JE, Byrnes EE, Clark JA, Connolly DM, Schiller SE, Thompson JA, Tosetto L, Martinelli JC, Raoult V. Ecological impacts and management implications of reef walking on a tropical reef flat community. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:742-750. [PMID: 27817886 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continued growth of tourism has led to concerns about direct and indirect impacts on the ecology of coral reefs and ultimate sustainability of these environments under such pressure. This research assessed impacts of reef walking by tourists on a relatively pristine reef flat community associated with an 'ecoresort' on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Heavily walked areas had lower abundances of live hard coral but greater amounts of dead coral and sediment. Abundances of macroalgae were not affected between sites. Coral-associated butterflyfish were less abundant and less diverse in more trampled sites. A manipulative experiment showed handling holothurians on reef walks had lasting negative impacts. This is the first study to show potential impacts of such handling on holothurians. Ecological impacts of reef walking are weighed against sociocultural benefits of a first hand experience in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Evan E Byrnes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jennalee A Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - David M Connolly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sabine E Schiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jessica A Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Louise Tosetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Raoult
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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Raoult V, Peddemors VM, Zahra D, Howell N, Howard DL, de Jonge MD, Williamson JE. Strontium mineralization of shark vertebrae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29698. [PMID: 27424768 PMCID: PMC4947923 DOI: 10.1038/srep29698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the age of sharks using vertebral banding is a vital component of management, but the causes of banding are not fully understood. Traditional shark ageing is based on fish otolith ageing methods where growth bands are assumed to result from varied seasonal calcification rates. Here we investigate these assumptions by mapping elemental distribution within the growth bands of vertebrae from six species of sharks representing four different taxonomic orders using scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy. Traditional visual growth bands, determined with light microscopy, were more closely correlated to strontium than calcium in all species tested. Elemental distributions suggest that vertebral strontium bands may be related to environmental variations in salinity. These results highlight the requirement for a better understanding of shark movements, and their influence on vertebral development, if confidence in age estimates is to be improved. Analysis of shark vertebrae using similar strontium-focused elemental techniques, once validated for a given species, may allow more successful estimations of age on individuals with few or no visible vertebral bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Victor M Peddemors
- Fisheries NSW, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia
| | - David Zahra
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | | | - Daryl L Howard
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Martin D de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jane E Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
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Raoult V, David PA, Dupont SF, Mathewson CP, O'Neill SJ, Powell NN, Williamson JE. GoPros™ as an underwater photogrammetry tool for citizen science. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1960. [PMID: 27168973 PMCID: PMC4860335 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Citizen science can increase the scope of research in the marine environment; however, it suffers from necessitating specialized training and simplified methodologies that reduce research output. This paper presents a simplified, novel survey methodology for citizen scientists, which combines GoPro imagery and structure from motion to construct an ortho-corrected 3D model of habitats for analysis. Results using a coral reef habitat were compared to surveys conducted with traditional snorkelling methods for benthic cover, holothurian counts, and coral health. Results were comparable between the two methods, and structure from motion allows the results to be analysed off-site for any chosen visual analysis. The GoPro method outlined in this study is thus an effective tool for citizen science in the marine environment, especially for comparing changes in coral cover or volume over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raoult
- Biological Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney NSW , Australia
| | - Peter A David
- Biological Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney NSW , Australia
| | - Sally F Dupont
- Biological Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney NSW , Australia
| | | | - Samuel J O'Neill
- Biological Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney NSW , Australia
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