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Ortoleva J, Shapeton AD, Riley W, Karavas A. Surgical and Transcatheter Approaches to Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis: Much to Consider. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:868-870. [PMID: 38350742 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamel Ortoleva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Alexander D Shapeton
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - William Riley
- Department of Perfusion, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Riley W, Cohn CS, Love K, McCullough J. Ensuring a Reliable Platelet Supply in the United States. N Engl J Med 2023. [PMID: 37247369 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp2302523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- From the College of Health Solutions (W.R., K.L.) and the National Safety Net Advancement Center (W.R.), Arizona State University, Phoenix; and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (C.S.C., J.M.)
| | - Claudia S Cohn
- From the College of Health Solutions (W.R., K.L.) and the National Safety Net Advancement Center (W.R.), Arizona State University, Phoenix; and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (C.S.C., J.M.)
| | - Kailey Love
- From the College of Health Solutions (W.R., K.L.) and the National Safety Net Advancement Center (W.R.), Arizona State University, Phoenix; and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (C.S.C., J.M.)
| | - Jeffrey McCullough
- From the College of Health Solutions (W.R., K.L.) and the National Safety Net Advancement Center (W.R.), Arizona State University, Phoenix; and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (C.S.C., J.M.)
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Dias RD, Riley W, Shann K, Likosky DS, Fitzgerald D, Yule S. A tool to assess nontechnical skills of perfusionists in the cardiac operating room. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:1462-1469. [PMID: 34261581 PMCID: PMC8720321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop the Perfusionists' Intraoperative Non-Technical Skills tool, specifically to the perfusionists' context, and test its inter-rater reliability. METHODS An expert panel was convened to review existing surgical nontechnical skills taxonomies and develop the Perfusionists' Intraoperative Non-Technical Skills tool. During a workshop held at a national meeting, perfusionists completed the Perfusionists' Intraoperative Non-Technical Skills ratings after watching 4 videos displaying simulated cardiac operations. Two videos showed "good performance," and 2 videos showed "poor performance." Inter-rater reliability analysis was performed and intraclass correlation coefficient was reported. RESULTS The final version of the Perfusionists' Intraoperative Non-Technical Skills taxonomy contains 4 behavioral categories (decision making, situation awareness, task management and leadership, teamwork and communication) with 4 behavioral elements each. Categories and elements are rated using an 8-point Likert scale ranging from 0.5 to 4.0. A total of 60 perfusionist raters were included and the comparison between rating distribution on "poor performance" and "good performance" videos yielded a statistically significant difference between groups, with a P value less than .001. A similar difference was found in all behavioral categories and elements. Reliability analysis showed moderate inter-rater reliability across overall ratings (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.735; 95% confidence interval, 0.674-0.796; P < .001). Similar inter-rater reliability was found when raters were stratified by experience level. CONCLUSIONS The Perfusionists' Intraoperative Non-Technical Skills tool presented moderate inter-rater reliability among perfusionists with varied levels of experience. This tool can be used to train and assess perfusionists in relevant nontechnical skills, with the potential to enhance safety and improve surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Dias
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - William Riley
- Cardiovascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Kenneth Shann
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Donald S Likosky
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - David Fitzgerald
- College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Steven Yule
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Riley W, Love K, Wilson C. Patient Attribution-A Call for a System Redesign. JAMA Health Forum 2023; 4:e225527. [PMID: 36930166 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This Viewpoint discusses several shortcomings in patient attribution systems from the perspective of physicians and patients and proposes strategies to improve patient attribution accuracy to better advance the goals of alternative payment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- College of Health Solutions, National Safety Net Advancement Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix
| | - Kailey Love
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix
| | - Charlton Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, College of Medicine - Phoenix
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Knox SH, Bansal S, McNicol G, Schafer K, Sturtevant C, Ueyama M, Valach AC, Baldocchi D, Delwiche K, Desai AR, Euskirchen E, Liu J, Lohila A, Malhotra A, Melling L, Riley W, Runkle BRK, Turner J, Vargas R, Zhu Q, Alto T, Fluet-Chouinard E, Goeckede M, Melton JR, Sonnentag O, Vesala T, Ward E, Zhang Z, Feron S, Ouyang Z, Alekseychik P, Aurela M, Bohrer G, Campbell DI, Chen J, Chu H, Dalmagro HJ, Goodrich JP, Gottschalk P, Hirano T, Iwata H, Jurasinski G, Kang M, Koebsch F, Mammarella I, Nilsson MB, Ono K, Peichl M, Peltola O, Ryu Y, Sachs T, Sakabe A, Sparks JP, Tuittila ES, Vourlitis GL, Wong GX, Windham-Myers L, Poulter B, Jackson RB. Identifying dominant environmental predictors of freshwater wetland methane fluxes across diurnal to seasonal time scales. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:3582-3604. [PMID: 33914985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi-site synthesis of how predictors of CH4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater wetlands vary across wetland types at diel, multiday (synoptic), and seasonal time scales. We used several statistical approaches (correlation analysis, generalized additive modeling, mutual information, and random forests) in a wavelet-based multi-resolution framework to assess the importance of environmental predictors, nonlinearities and lags on FCH4 across 23 eddy covariance sites. Seasonally, soil and air temperature were dominant predictors of FCH4 at sites with smaller seasonal variation in water table depth (WTD). In contrast, WTD was the dominant predictor for wetlands with smaller variations in temperature (e.g., seasonal tropical/subtropical wetlands). Changes in seasonal FCH4 lagged fluctuations in WTD by ~17 ± 11 days, and lagged air and soil temperature by median values of 8 ± 16 and 5 ± 15 days, respectively. Temperature and WTD were also dominant predictors at the multiday scale. Atmospheric pressure (PA) was another important multiday scale predictor for peat-dominated sites, with drops in PA coinciding with synchronous releases of CH4 . At the diel scale, synchronous relationships with latent heat flux and vapor pressure deficit suggest that physical processes controlling evaporation and boundary layer mixing exert similar controls on CH4 volatilization, and suggest the influence of pressurized ventilation in aerenchymatous vegetation. In addition, 1- to 4-h lagged relationships with ecosystem photosynthesis indicate recent carbon substrates, such as root exudates, may also control FCH4. By addressing issues of scale, asynchrony, and nonlinearity, this work improves understanding of the predictors and timing of wetland FCH4 that can inform future studies and models, and help constrain wetland CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheel Bansal
- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karina Schafer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University Newark, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cove Sturtevant
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Alex C Valach
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Delwiche
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eugenie Euskirchen
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Jinxun Liu
- Western Geographic Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - William Riley
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tuula Alto
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Timo Vesala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Eric Ward
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Feron
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Santiago, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Zutao Ouyang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mika Aurela
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jiquan Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, & Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Pia Gottschalk
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Keisuke Ono
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olli Peltola
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Guan X Wong
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Riley W, Jones AC, Singh K, Browne DL, Stuart AM. Accessing novel fluorinated heterocycles with the hypervalent fluoroiodane reagent by solution and mechanochemical synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7406-7409. [PMID: 34231584 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02587b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient strategy for the rapid formation of novel fluorinated tetrahydropyridazines and dihydrooxazines has been developed by fluorocyclisation of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones and oximes with the fluoroiodane reagent. Mechanochemical synthesis delivered fluorinated tetrahydropyridazines in similar excellent yields to conventional solution synthesis, whereas fluorinated dihydrooxazines were prepared in much better yields by ball-milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Andrew C Jones
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | | | - Alison M Stuart
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Martin M, Phillips MA, Saxon M, Love K, Cessna L, Woodard DL, Page M, Curry K, Paone A, Pennington-Stallcup B, Riley W. Recovery support specialists inside the jail: a program description of treatment engagement for opioid use disorder. Int J Prison Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijph-12-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
People living with opioid use disorder (OUD) disproportionately encounter the criminal justice system. Although incarcerated individuals with OUD face higher risk for withdrawals, relapses and overdoses, most jails fail to offer comprehensive medications for OUD (MOUD), including recovery support services and transition of care to a community provider. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a comprehensive MOUD program at a large county jail system in Maricopa County, Arizona.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used the Sequential Intercept Model (SIM) to develop a community-based, multi-organizational program for incarcerated individuals with OUD. The SIM is a mapping process of the criminal justice system and was applied in Maricopa County, Arizona to identify gaps in services and strengthen resources at each key intercept. The program applies an integrated care framework that is person-centered and incorporates medical, behavioral and social services to improve population health.
Findings
Stakeholders worked collaboratively to develop a multi-point program for incarcerated individuals with OUD that includes an integrated care service with brief screening, MOUD and treatment; a residential treatment program; peer support; community provider referrals; and a court diversion program. Recovery support specialists provide education, support and care coordination between correctional and community health services.
Originality/value
OUD is a common problem in many correctional health centers. However, many jails do not provide a comprehensive approach to connect incarcerated individuals with OUD treatment. The Maricopa County, Arizona jail system opioid treatment program is unique because of the ongoing support from recovery support specialists during and after incarceration.
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Johnson B, Riley W, Iwai K, Arcaro M, Song T. Report of the 2020 Organ Care System Workforce Survey: Personnel Profiles and Staffing Models. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated an acute blood shortage for medical transfusions, exacerbating an already tenuous blood supply system in the United States, contributing to the public health crisis, and raising deeper questions regarding emergency preparedness planning for ensuring blood availability. However, these issues around blood availability during the pandemic are related primarily to the decline in supply caused by reduced donations during the pandemic rather than increased demand for transfusion of patients with COVID-19.The challenges to ensure a safe blood supply during the pandemic will continue until a vaccine is developed, effective treatments are available, or the virus goes away. If this virus or a similar virus were capable of transmission through blood, it would have a catastrophic impact on the health care system, causing a future public health emergency that would jeopardize the national blood supply.In this article, we identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood supply adequacy, discuss the public health implications, propose recovery strategies, and present recommendations for preparing for the next disruption in blood supply driven by a public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- All authors are with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Jeffrey McCullough is also with the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Kailey Love
- All authors are with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Jeffrey McCullough is also with the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jeffrey McCullough
- All authors are with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Jeffrey McCullough is also with the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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10
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Parada G, Yu Y, Riley W, Lojovich S, Tshikudi D, Ling Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ling L, Yang Y, Nadkarni S, Nabzdyk C, Zhao X. Ultrathin and Robust Hydrogel Coatings on Cardiovascular Medical Devices to Mitigate Thromboembolic and Infectious Complications. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001116. [PMID: 32940970 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thromboembolic and infectious complications stemming from the use of cardiovascular medical devices are still common and result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is no strategy to date that effectively addresses both challenges at the same time. Various surface modification strategies (e.g., silver, heparin, and liquid-impregnated surfaces) are proposed yet each has several limitations and shortcomings. Here, it is shown that the incorporation of an ultrathin and mechanically robust hydrogel layer reduces bacterial adhesion to medical-grade tubing by 95%. It is additionally demonstrated, through a combination of in vitro and in vivo tests, that the hydrogel layer significantly reduces the formation and adhesion of blood clots to the tubing without affecting the blood's intrinsic clotting ability. The adhesion of clots to the tubing walls is reduced by over 90% (in vitro model), which results in an ≈60% increase in the device occlusion time (time before closure due to clot formation) in an in vivo porcine model. The advantageous properties of this passive coating make it a promising surface material candidate for medical devices interfacing with blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Parada
- Chemical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - William Riley
- Perfusion Services Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Sarah Lojovich
- Perfusion Services Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Diane Tshikudi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Qing Ling
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Yefang Zhang
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Lei Ling
- Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430064 China
| | - Seemantini Nadkarni
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Christoph Nabzdyk
- Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Rochester MN 55902 USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Mechanical Engineering Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Lee MH, Riley W. Factors associated with errors in the heparin dose response test: recommendations to improve individualized heparin management in cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion 2020; 36:513-523. [PMID: 32909506 DOI: 10.1177/0267659120952977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A critical aspect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is to achieve full anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis and consumptive coagulation without using excessive amount of heparin. This can be achieved with heparin dose response (HDR) test in vitro to calculate an individualized heparin bolus to reach a target activated clotting time (ACT) and heparin concentration. However, we often observe that the measured ACT (mACT) with the calculated heparin bolus gives significant errors, both positive (mACT is higher than expected) and negative (mACT is lower), from expected ACT (eACT). METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 250 patients who underwent cardiac surgery to attain an error distribution of the mACT from eACT with calculated heparin bolus. In addition, it is aimed to identify possible patterns of baseline ACT (bACT), calculated heparin concentration (CHC) and HDR slope that are associated with the significant positive and negative errors. RESULTS We found that individualized heparin bolus by HDR test is consistently underestimated while it gave a significant number of positive and negative errors. Further analysis indicates that significant negative errors correlate with high bACT and slope and low CHC while significant positive errors with low bACT and slope and high CHC. CONCLUSION The mACT can be substantially different from eACT. The accuracy of the HDR test appears to be dependent upon bACT, slope, and CHC. Based on our analysis, we provide several recommendations and a flow chart to improve the quality of individualized heparin management on CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Riley W, Doherty M, Love K. A framework for oral health care value-based payment approaches. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:178-185. [PMID: 30803489 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental practice has remained relatively insulated from payment upheavals in the broader health care system. The prevailing value-based payment (VBP) models in health care are largely absent in oral health care. The authors present an oral health care value-based payment framework for dentistry. METHODS The authors developed a VBP framework for oral health care, which describes 9 distinct methods to create VBP approaches in dentistry. The framework is based on the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learning Action Network framework for health care payment reform. RESULTS The oral health care value-based payment framework includes 4 payment categories and 9 separate payment mechanisms. These 9 payment mechanisms range on a value continuum, each with different financial risks and rewards as well as distinct value implications. CONCLUSIONS Although dental practice has made extraordinary advances in restorative dentistry, payers and policy makers are advocating for greater value outcomes. VBP models seek to deliver better care more efficiently by means of providing oral health providers the resources needed to increase the value proposition. With relatively minor modifications in practice patterns, VBP models can be developed and implemented for oral health care. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This article can be used as a road map to take steps toward oral health care VBP approaches. The framework highlights how dentistry can learn from payment reforms under way in the health care system and present a model for oral health care payment and care delivery reform, and provides recommendations to advance oral health care VBP.
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To L, Dunnington T, Thomas C, Love K, McCullough J, Riley W. The United States' potential blood donor pool: updating the prevalence of donor‐exclusion factors on the pool of potential donors. Transfusion 2019; 60:206-215. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lennie To
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| | - Tyler Dunnington
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| | - Christy Thomas
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| | - Kailey Love
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| | | | - William Riley
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State University Phoenix Arizona
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Wilson DK, Lorig K, Klein WMP, Riley W, Sweeney AM, Christensen A. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of behavioral interventions in nonclinical settings for improving health outcomes. Health Psychol 2019; 38:689-700. [PMID: 31368753 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines three distinct examples of interventions in nonclinical settings selected to highlight the challenges and opportunities for evaluating cost-effectiveness in the field of health psychology and behavioral medicine. Nonclinical settings are defined as those involving systems outside of traditional medical/clinical settings, and include interventions tested in clinical settings that can also be implemented in nonclinical settings. The examples in this paper reflect the use of a varying degree of existing cost-effectiveness data and previous health economic analyses. First, the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program model reflects an intervention protocol designed to increase patients' confidence and mastery in their ability to manage their conditions that has been shown to be cost effective for a variety of chronic disease conditions. Second, the cost and cost-effectiveness of tobacco quitlines (e.g., National Tobacco Quit Line) has been the subject of several preliminary cost-effectiveness examinations and has proven to have significant reach and impact on tobacco-related behaviors. Finally, environmental interventions for promoting walking and physical activity in community-based contexts (e.g., PATH trial) are presented and have been shown to be highly relevant for demonstrating cost-effectiveness. Overall, the disciplines of health psychology and behavioral medicine are in a unique position to develop, implement, and evaluate a broader range of interventions in more diverse environments than cost-effectiveness applications in more traditional, clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Lorig
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University
| | | | - William Riley
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Alan Christensen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa
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Riley W, Doherty M, Love K. Authors' response. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:485-486. [PMID: 31133174 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- Professor, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Mark Doherty
- Founder and Executive Director, D4 Practice Solutions, Boston, MA
| | - Kailey Love
- Research Project Manager, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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Minhas HK, Riley W, Stuart AM, Urbonaite M. Activation of the hypervalent fluoroiodane reagent by hydrogen bonding to hexafluoroisopropanol. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7170-7173. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hexafluoroisopropan-2-ol is an excellent solvent for promoting fluorinations with the stable hypervalent fluoroiodane reagent without any transition metals or TREAT-HF activators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Riley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leicester
- Leicester
- UK
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Turnage C, DeLaney E, Kulat B, Guercio A, Palmer D, Ann Rosenberg C, Spear K, Boyne D, Johnson C, Riley W. A 2015-2016 Survey of American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion Certified Clinical Perfusionists: Perfusion Profile and Clinical Trends. J Extra Corpor Technol 2017; 49:137-149. [PMID: 28979037 PMCID: PMC5621577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To document the current perfusion workforce status and to anticipate the future demands of an ever-changing perfusion workplace environment, a valid survey is needed to help guide the future of the perfusion workforce. The American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion (ABCP) sponsored a survey of Certified Clinical Perfusionist (CCP) demographic and clinical trends that was linked electronically to the 2015-2016 ABCP online recertification process. Of 3,875 eligible CCP's, 3,056 (78.9%) responded to the survey. The 12 survey questions covered the topics of gender, age, education levels, years of clinical experience, annual clinical activity exposure, high fidelity simulation experience, recertification requirement satisfaction and professional activity requirement contentment. The results of the ABCP annual survey are being published in accordance with the ABCP's commitment to establish and maintain interactive communication with the community of CCPs. The goal of this survey is to present the perfusion and health-care community with important statistics related to the current field of perfusion and establish trends to guide the future of perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Turnage
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Edward DeLaney
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Bradley Kulat
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Ann Guercio
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - David Palmer
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | | | - Kyle Spear
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - David Boyne
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Charles Johnson
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - William Riley
- American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
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Sampson UKA, Chambers D, Riley W, Glass RI, Engelgau MM, Mensah GA. Implementation Research: The Fourth Movement of the Unfinished Translation Research Symphony. Glob Heart 2017; 11:153-8. [PMID: 27102036 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu K A Sampson
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - David Chambers
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Riley
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roger I Glass
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael M Engelgau
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Riley W, Begun JW, Meredith L, Miller KK, Connolly K, Price R, Muri JH, McCullough M, Davis S. Integrated Approach to Reduce Perinatal Adverse Events: Standardized Processes, Interdisciplinary Teamwork Training, and Performance Feedback. Health Serv Res 2016; 51 Suppl 3:2431-2452. [PMID: 27807864 PMCID: PMC5134347 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve safety practices and reduce adverse events in perinatal units of acute care hospitals. DATA SOURCES Primary data collected from perinatal units of 14 hospitals participating in the intervention between 2008 and 2012. Baseline secondary data collected from the same hospitals between 2006 and 2007. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study involving 342,754 deliveries was conducted using a quality improvement collaborative that supported three primary interventions. Primary measures include adoption of three standardized care processes and four measures of outcomes. DATA COLLECTION METHODS Chart audits were conducted to measure the implementation of standardized care processes. Outcome measures were collected and validated by the National Perinatal Information Center. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The hospital perinatal units increased use of all three care processes, raising consolidated overall use from 38 to 81 percent between 2008 and 2012. The harms measured by the Adverse Outcome Index decreased 14 percent, and a run chart analysis revealed two special causes associated with the interventions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability of hospital perinatal staff to implement efforts to reduce perinatal harm using a quality improvement collaborative. Findings help inform the relationship between the use of standardized care processes, teamwork training, and improved perinatal outcomes, and suggest that a multiplicity of integrated strategies, rather than a single intervention, may be essential to achieve high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- School for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Les Meredith
- Premier Insurance Management Services, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Price
- Premier Insurance Management Services, San Diego, CA
| | - Janet H Muri
- National Perinatal Information Center, Providence, RI
| | - Mac McCullough
- School for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
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Riley W, Meredith LW, Price R, Miller KK, Begun JW, McCullough M, Davis S. Decreasing Malpractice Claims by Reducing Preventable Perinatal Harm. Health Serv Res 2016; 51 Suppl 3:2453-2471. [PMID: 27549442 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of improved patient safety practices with medical malpractice claims and costs in the perinatal units of acute care hospitals. DATA SOURCES Malpractice and harm data from participating hospitals; litigation records and medical malpractice claims data from American Excess Insurance Exchange, RRG, whose data are managed by Premier Insurance Management Services, Inc. (owned by Premier Inc., a health care improvement company). STUDY DESIGN A quasi-experimental prospective design to compare baseline and postintervention data. Statistical significance tests for differences were performed using chi-square, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and t-test. DATA COLLECTION Claims data were collected and evaluated by experienced senior claims managers through on-site claim audits to evaluate claim frequency, severity, and financial information. Data were provided to the analyzing institution through confidentiality contracts. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS There is a significant reduction in the number of perinatal malpractice claims paid, losses paid, and indemnity payments (43.9 percent, 77.6 percent, and 84.6 percent, respectively) following interventions to improve perinatal patient safety and reduce perinatal harm. This compares with no significant reductions in the nonperinatal claims in the same hospitals during the same time period. CONCLUSIONS The number of perinatal malpractice claims and dollar amount of claims payments decreased significantly in the participating hospitals, while there was no significant decrease in nonperinatal malpractice claims activity in the same hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca Price
- Premier Insurance Management Services, San Diego, CA
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Dahlen HM, McCoullough M, Fertig AR, Dowd B, Riley W. The Effect of Hard-Stop Medicaid Payment Reform on Early Elective Deliveries. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Percutaneous femoral venous cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass has emerged as an indispensable technique in the management of cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. A review of cases at Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA, USA) relying solely on percutaneous femoral venous cannulation for venous return to the heart-lung machine demonstrated achievable blood flow and complexity of case-load. Operations performed in this manner include, but are not limited to, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve, CABG/valve, and aortic procedures. Minimally invasive procedures and re-operations comprise a portion of each group. Complications of cardiopulmonary bypass and site-related complications were considered. Percutaneous femoral venous cannulation is a safe method to provide most patients with adequate venous return to perform any cardiac surgery. Patients demanding greater flow than this method will provide, may require a second venous cannula at some time during cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion (2007) 22, 211—215.
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Riley W. Process engineering for primary care: Quality improvement and population health. Fam Med Community Health 2016. [DOI: 10.15212/fmch.2015.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Schalet BD, Pilkonis PA, Yu L, Dodds N, Johnston KL, Yount S, Riley W, Cella D. Clinical validity of PROMIS Depression, Anxiety, and Anger across diverse clinical samples. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 73:119-27. [PMID: 26931289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness to change of the PROMIS negative affect measures (depression, anxiety, and anger) using longitudinal data collected in six chronic health conditions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), back pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and cancer completed PROMIS negative affect instruments as computerized adaptive test or as fixed-length short form at baseline and a clinically relevant follow-up interval. Participants also completed global ratings of health. Linear mixed effects models and standardized response means (SRM) were estimated at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 903 individuals participated (back pain, n = 218; cancer, n = 304; CHF, n = 60; COPD, n = 125; MDD, n = 196). All three negative affect instruments improved significantly for treatments of depression and pain. Depression improved for CHF patients (anxiety and anger not administered), whereas anxiety improved significantly in COPD groups (stable and exacerbation). Response to treatment was not assessed in cancer. Subgroups of patients reporting better or worse health showed a corresponding positive or negative average SRM for negative affect across samples. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that the PROMIS negative affect scores are sensitive to change in intervention studies in which negative affect is expected to change. These results inform the estimation of meaningful change and enable comparative effectiveness research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Schalet
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Paul A Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Dodds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly L Johnston
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan Yount
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William Riley
- National Institute for Health, Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gold B, England D, Riley W, Jacobs-Halsey G, Webb C, Daniels B. Integrating Quality Improvement and Continuing Professional Development at an Academic Medical Center: A Partnership Between Practice Plan, Hospital, and Medical School. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2016; 36:307-315. [PMID: 28350314 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While quality improvement (QI) initiatives can be a highly effective means for improving health care delivery in academic medical centers (AMCs), many health care professionals are not formally trained in basic QI methodology, engaging clinicians in QI activities can be challenging, and there is often a lack of integration and coordination among QI functions (eg, Departments of Quality and Safety, Continuing Professional Development). In our AMC, we undertook a collaborative approach to achieve better vertical and horizontal integration of our QI education efforts. This article provides a case example describing our organizational context, what was done, and with what effect and makes our example and lessons learned available to others. METHODS We developed a new educational QI program that was jointly planned and implemented by a group comprising major QI stakeholders. This project was intended to create horizontal organizational linkages between continuing professional development, clinicians, the hospital, and QI department and produce QI activities that aligned with the strategic objectives of senior management. RESULTS The group developed and implemented a curriculum based on Lean methodology and concepts from the Institute for Health Care Improvement Model for Improvement. Two cohorts (27 teams) completed the training and planned and implemented QI projects. All projects were aligned with organizational quality, safety, and patient experience goals. The majority of projects met their aim statements. DISCUSSION This case description provides an example of successful horizontal integration of an AMCs' QI functions to disseminate knowledge and implement meaningful QI aligned with strategic objectives (vertical integration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gold
- Dr. Gold: Executive Vice President of Medical Affairs, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, MN, and Professor of Anesthesiology, Minneapolis, MN. Ms. England: Director of Infection Prevention, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, MN. Dr. Riley: Professor, School for the Science of Health Care Delivery, ASU Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ. Ms. Jacobs-Halsey: Director, Strategic Initiatives, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Ms. Webb: Medical Student, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN. Dr. Daniels: Co-President, Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota Health, Minneapolis, MN, CEO, University of Minnesota Physicians, Minneapolis, MN
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Srinivasan S, Moser RP, Willis G, Riley W, Alexander M. Abstract IA53: Challenges of implementing interventions in “small populations.”. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp14-ia53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The ability to harness the benefits of big data has had a revolutionary impact on science, with its focus on the volume and variety of data sources and application of both traditional and innovative analytic methods appropriate for large, aggregated datasets. We are concerned, however, about the opposite: small data for which the size, dispersion, or accessibility of the population of interest makes it difficult to obtain adequate sample sizes to test specific research questions. Data from these groups, however, are critical if we want to include health-related issues across all populations in cancer research.
An example of the potential negative ramifications of not including underrepresented groups in research or inappropriately aggregating them across groups-- comes from the study of racial and ethnic health disparities and issues of equity in the US. Intervention research often does not include a wide range of racial/ethnic subgroups; so it is not feasible to test whether an intervention created specifically for the majority group is also efficacious for the subgroups. Likewise, the ability to test whether an intervention can be altered for a particular subgroup is also often not possible. Epidemiologic and surveillance research usually involves the inclusion of “minority or underserved populations” in addition to white/non-Hispanic white (NHW) groups. While this has allowed for a better understanding of these smaller populations and provides some progress toward addressing health inequities, there remain pockets of communities that are severely underrepresented within the broader minority and underserved populations.
Citation Format: Shobha Srinivasan, Richard P. Moser, Gordon Willis, William Riley, Mark Alexander. Challenges of implementing interventions in “small populations.” [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA53.
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Timms KP, Martin CA, Rivera DE, Hekler EB, Riley W. Leveraging intensive longitudinal data to better understand health behaviors. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2014:6888-91. [PMID: 25571579 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6945211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral scientists have historically relied on static modeling methodologies. The rise in mobile and wearable sensors has made intensive longitudinal data (ILD) -- behavioral data measured frequently over time -- increasingly available. Consequently, analytical frameworks are emerging that seek to reliably quantify dynamics reflected in these data. Employing an input-output perspective, dynamical systems models from engineering can characterize time-varying behaviors as processes of change. Specifically, ILD and parameter estimation routines from system identification can be leveraged together to offer parsimonious and quantitative descriptions of dynamic behavioral constructs. The utility of this approach for facilitating a better understanding of health behaviors is illustrated with two examples. In the first example, dynamical systems models are developed for Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), a prominent concept in behavioral science that considers interrelationships between personal factors, the environment, and behaviors. Estimated models are then obtained that explore the role of SCT in a physical activity intervention. The second example uses ILD to model day-to-day changes in smoking levels as a craving-mediated process of behavior change.
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Burke LE, Ma J, Azar KMJ, Bennett GG, Peterson ED, Zheng Y, Riley W, Stephens J, Shah SH, Suffoletto B, Turan TN, Spring B, Steinberger J, Quinn CC. Current Science on Consumer Use of Mobile Health for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 132:1157-213. [PMID: 26271892 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Srinivasan S, Moser RP, Willis G, Riley W, Alexander M, Berrigan D, Kobrin S. Small is essential: importance of subpopulation research in cancer control. Am J Public Health 2015; 105 Suppl 3:S371-3. [PMID: 25905825 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Srinivasan
- All of the authors are with the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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Ginexi EM, Riley W, Atienza AA, Mabry PL. The promise of intensive longitudinal data capture for behavioral health research. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 16 Suppl 2:S73-5. [PMID: 24711629 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in technology and the associated cultural norms, especially the advent of the smartphone, offer an unprecedented opportunity to collect data on relevant health behaviors and experiences unobtrusively at a greater frequency and in greater volumes than ever before. This special issue will acquaint the readership of Nicotine and Tobacco Research with the potential for intensive longitudinal data and will illustrate some innovative analytic techniques for addressing research questions associated with this type of complex data. This introductory article will provide a brief history of the analytic techniques for intensive longitudinal data and will point to some resources that support and enable the use of these techniques.
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Gyllstrom E, Gearin K, Frauendienst R, Myhre J, Larson M, Riley W. Local health department factors associated with performance in the successful implementation of community-based strategies: a mixed-methods approach. Am J Public Health 2015; 105 Suppl 2:S311-7. [PMID: 25689180 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined which local health department (LHD)-level factors contributed to successful implementation of policy, systems, and environmental change strategies in Minnesota. METHODS We used a retrospective mixed-methods design to evaluate the relationship between the Statewide Health Improvement Plan (SHIP) grant initiative and key predictor variables (2009-2011). We obtained quantitative capacity data for 91 cities and counties in Minnesota; in addition, we conducted 15 key informant interviews to examine factors that facilitated and acted as barriers to LHD performance. RESULTS Grantee performance was distributed as follows: exceeds expectations (29.7%), meets expectations (55.0%), and is approaching expectations (15.3%). Organizational quality improvement (QI) maturity was strongly positively associated with grantee performance on SHIP. Organizations with high QI maturity, effective leadership, efficient decision-making, and successful regional or cross-jurisdictional partnerships were more likely to be rated as exceeding expectations. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully translated practice-based research findings into tangible outcomes, including new system-level performance measures for local public health and recommendations for shaping the statewide initiative examined in this study. The approach taken in this study to systematically monitor communications, dissemination, and translation may be a model for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gyllstrom
- Elizabeth Gyllstrom and Kimberly Gearin are with the Office of Performance Improvement, Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul. Renee Frauendienst is with Stearns County Human Services, St. Cloud, MN. Julie Myhre is with the Carlton-Cook-Lake-St. Louis Community Health Board, Duluth, MN. Michelle Larson is with the Office of State Health Improvement Initiatives, Minnesota Department of Health. William Riley is with the School for the Science of Health Care Delivery, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe
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McCullough J, Riley E, Lindgren B, Pulkrabek S, Hall R, Riley W. Blood product recalls in the United States. Transfusion 2014; 54:2276-82. [PMID: 24863173 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood recall process is intended to remove from use products that may be harmful, but characteristics of recalls nationally have not been reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed recalls of all blood products for 2010 and categorized the reason for the recall, the organizations producing the recalled products, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) district in which the blood was collected. RESULTS During 2010, there were 2468 recalls involving 8278 blood products. None of the recalls was considered to have a reasonable probability of causing serious adverse health consequences or death (FDA Class I). The most common reasons for recalls were donation and donor qualification (73%) and finished product quality control (14%). The FDA class of recalls varied by recall reason, month of the year, FDA district, number of units of blood collected per FDA district, and number of units of blood collected by the blood center. The number of recalls per 100,000 units of blood and the reason for recall varied by FDA district and blood centers collecting smaller numbers of units had more recalls. CONCLUSION The absence of Class I recalls suggests a high level of quality and safety in the US blood supply. Organizations that collected larger numbers of units of blood had fewer recalls and there may be some FDA influences since the number and reason for the recalls varied by FDA district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey McCullough
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Doarn CR, Pruitt S, Jacobs J, Harris Y, Bott DM, Riley W, Lamer C, Oliver AL. Federal efforts to define and advance telehealth--a work in progress. Telemed J E Health 2014; 20:409-18. [PMID: 24502793 PMCID: PMC4011485 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2013.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of telecommunications and information systems in healthcare is not new or novel; indeed, it is the current practice of medicine and has been an integral part of medicine in remote locations for several decades. The U.S. Government has made a significant investment, measured in hundreds of millions of dollars, and therefore has a strong presence in the integration of telehealth/telemedicine in healthcare. However, the terminologies and definitions in the lexicon vary across agencies and departments of the U.S. Government. The objective of our survey was to identify and evaluate the definitions of telehealth/telemedicine across the U.S. Government to provide a better understanding of what each agency or department means when it uses these terms. METHODOLOGY The U.S. Government, under the leadership of the Health Resources and Services Administration in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, established the Federal Telemedicine (FedTel) Working Group, through which all members responded to a survey on each agency or department's definition and use of terms associated with telehealth. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Twenty-six agencies represented by more than 100 individuals participating in the FedTel Working Group identified seven unique definitions of telehealth in current use across the U.S. Government. Although many definitions are similar, there are nuanced differences that reflect each organization's legislative intent and the population they serve. These definitions affect how telemedicine has been or is being applied across the healthcare landscape, reflecting the U.S. Government's widespread and influential role in healthcare access and service delivery. The evidence base suggests that a common nomenclature for defining telemedicine may benefit efforts to advance the use of this technology to address the changing nature of healthcare and new demands for services expected as a result of health reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Doarn
- NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sherilyn Pruitt
- Office for the Advancement of Telehealth, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Yael Harris
- Division of Healthcare Quality Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - David M. Bott
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William Riley
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Anthony L. Oliver
- Office for the Advancement of Telehealth, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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Tucker CA, Cieza A, Riley AW, Stucki G, Lai JS, Bedirhan Ustun T, Kostanjsek N, Riley W, Cella D, Forrest CB. Concept Analysis of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Qual Life Res 2014; 23:1677-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Davis MV, Mahanna E, Joly B, Zelek M, Riley W, Verma P, Fisher JS. Creating quality improvement culture in public health agencies. Am J Public Health 2013; 104:e98-104. [PMID: 24228680 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted case studies of 10 agencies that participated in early quality improvement efforts. METHODS The agencies participated in a project conducted by the National Association of County and City Health Officials (2007-2008). Case study participants included health directors and quality improvement team leaders and members. We implemented multiple qualitative analysis processes, including cross-case analysis and logic modeling. We categorized agencies according to the extent to which they had developed a quality improvement culture. RESULTS Agencies were conducting informal quality improvement projects (n = 4), conducting formal quality improvement projects (n = 3), or creating a quality improvement culture (n = 4). Agencies conducting formal quality improvement and creating a quality improvement culture had leadership support for quality improvement, participated in national quality improvement initiatives, had a greater number of staff trained in quality improvement and quality improvement teams that met regularly with decision-making authority. Agencies conducting informal quality improvement were likely to report that accreditation is the major driver for quality improvement work. Agencies creating a quality improvement culture were more likely to have a history of evidence-based decision-making and use quality improvement to address emerging issues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previous research and add the roles of national public health accreditation and emerging issues as factors in agencies' ability to create and sustain a quality improvement culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Davis
- At the time of the study, Mary V. Davis, Elizabeth Mahanna, and Michael Zelek were with the North Carolina Institute for Public Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Brenda Joly is with the Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland. William Riley is with the School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Pooja Verma and Jessica Solomon Fisher are with the National Association of County and City Health Officials, Washington, DC
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Rahmani AM, Wade B, Riley W. Evaluating the impact a proposed family planning model would have on maternal and infant mortality in Afghanistan. Int J Health Plann Manage 2013; 30:71-85. [PMID: 24115007 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the potential impact a proposed family planning model would have on reducing maternal and infant mortality in Afghanistan. BACKGROUND Afghanistan has a high total fertility rate, high infant mortality rate, and high maternal mortality rate. Afghanistan also has tremendous socio-cultural barriers to and misconceptions about family planning services. METHODS We applied predictive statistical models to a proposed family planning model for Afghanistan to better understand the impact increased family planning can have on Afghanistan's maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate. We further developed a sensitivity analysis that illustrates the number of maternal and infant deaths that can be averted over 5 years according to different increases in contraceptive prevalence rates. RESULTS Incrementally increasing contraceptive prevalence rates in Afghanistan from 10% to 60% over the course of 5 years could prevent 11,653 maternal deaths and 317,084 infant deaths, a total of 328,737 maternal and infant deaths averted. CONCLUSION Achieving goals in reducing maternal and infant mortality rates in Afghanistan requires a culturally relevant approach to family planning that will be supported by the population. The family planning model for Afghanistan presents such a solution and holds the potential to prevent hundreds of thousands of deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Masoud Rahmani
- Afghanistan National Blood Safety and Transfusion Services, Afghanistan Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Nyman JA, Abraham JM, Riley W. The effect of consumer incentives on Medicaid beneficiaries' compliance with well-child visit guidelines. Inquiry 2013; 50:47-56. [PMID: 23720878 DOI: 10.5034/inquiryjrnl_50.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Affordable Care Act of 2010 recommends that consumer incentives be employed to increase the use of preventive care by Medicaid beneficiaries, but few evaluative studies exist. This study evaluates a Target gift card incentive employed by a Minnesota health plan serving Medicaid beneficiaries over the period 2002-2003. Lacking a contemporaneous control group, the proximity between the child's residence and the nearest Target store was used as the intervention variable. Using alternative specifications for the intervention variable, results of the difference-in-differences equations suggest that the incentive program significantly increased the likelihood that a Medicaid beneficiary would have a well-child visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Nyman
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Box 729, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0392, USA.
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Riley W, Augustson EM. Mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions increase long-term quit rates compared with control programmes, but effects of the interventions are heterogeneous. Evid Based Nurs 2013; 16:108-9. [PMID: 23389384 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2012-101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- Science of Research and Technology Branch, National Cancer Institute, , Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Riley W, Parrotta C, Meredith L. Utilizing leadership to achieve high reliability in the delivery of perinatal care. J Healthc Leadersh 2012. [DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s28747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Riley W, Smalley B, Pulkrabek S, Clay ME, McCullough J. Using lean techniques to define the platelet (PLT) transfusion process and cost-effectiveness to evaluate PLT dose transfusion strategies. Transfusion 2012; 52:1957-67. [PMID: 22320153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet (PLT) doses of 1.1 × 10(11), 2.2 × 10(11), and 4.4 × 10(11) /m(2) body surface area are equally effective in preventing bleeding. These different dose strategies involve different numbers of transfusions. We conducted a cost analysis of three separate PLT dose therapies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A process map of preparation and administration of a PLT transfusion identified 46 steps (23 steps in the blood bank and 23 steps on the care unit). Time studies were conducted for these 46 steps. Supply costs and personnel costs were estimated based on time studies. We conducted a cost analysis of three separate treatment regimes involving 16 transfusions per patient for the low-dose, 12 transfusions for medium-dose, and eight transfusions for high-dose regimes. RESULTS The time and the cost of the transfusion process for the blood bank were 32.41 minutes and $21.93 per unit, and for the patient care unit, 58.36 minutes and $57.71 per unit. The total cost for a course of PLT therapy per patient ranged from $4503.77 to $7014.59 for three different PLT doses. For a simulated bone marrow transplantation unit with 259 patients annually, there would be approximately a $700,000 difference among the clinically equivalent low-, medium-, and high-dose treatment options. CONCLUSIONS The overall cost of transfusion therapy is more influenced by the cost of the product than the cost of providing the transfusion. Depending on the cost adjustment by the supplier for different doses of PLTs, a low-dose transfusion strategy can be less costly.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Abstract
The storage of red blood cells (RBC) results in increased concentrations of plasma free hemoglobin, potassium, glucose, and lactate, among other undesirable substances. These concentrations continue to increase as RBC products age and can cause deleterious effects to the patient. In the setting of cardiac surgery, the autotransfusion devices are routinely used to wash blood that is shed from the surgical site. These devices could also be used to wash stored RBC units obtained from the blood bank. The objective of this study was to compare the product created by washing a unit of RBCs with the AutoLog autotransfusion device in the operating room to the washed products from a standard cell washer in the blood bank. Eleven outdated RBC units (stored for >42 days at 4°C) were split in half. One half was washed using the Medtronic AutoLog device; the other half was washed using the blood bank’s Cobe 2991 Cell Processor. Analytes were measured on samples from the unwashed parent unit and from the washed daughter units. The parameters measured included hematocrit, free hemoglobin, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), potassium, glucose, and pH. When compared to the original untreated RBCs, the glucose, lactate, and potassium levels were decreased when washed in an autotranfusion device. Additionally, the free hemoglobin and LDH levels were significantly lower with the Medtronic Autolog cell saver than in the COBE 2991 Cell Processor. Washing the RBC donor units in an autotransfusion device prior to transfusion can effectively attenuate the increases seen in glucose, potassium, free hemoglobin, and LDH associated with RBC storage lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Smith
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Riley
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D FitzGerald
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterless alcohol-based hand sanitizers are an increasingly popular method of hand hygiene and help prevent hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Whether hand sanitizer dispensers (HSDs) may themselves harbor pathogens or act as fomites has not been reported. METHODS All HSDs in the surgical intensive care unit of an urban teaching hospital were cultured at three sites: The dispenser lever, the rear underside, and the area surrounding the dispensing nozzle. RESULTS All HSDs yielded one or more bacterial species, including commensal skin flora and enteric gram-negative bacilli. Colonization was greatest on the lever, where there is direct hand contact. CONCLUSION Hand sanitizer dispensers can become contaminated with pathogens that cause HAI and thus are potential fomites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Eiref
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys have been used in many countries to understand factors that influence blood donation and as the basis for communication and donor mobilization strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was conducted of publically available databases, and studies with the following characteristics were selected: (1) the study was a knowledge, attitude and practice or KAP plus behaviour survey; (2) the subject of the survey was blood donation; (3) the survey was performed between 1995 and 2011; and (4) the survey was performed in countries classified as emerging and developing by the International Monetary Fund. RESULTS Eighteen KAP studies conducted in seventeen developing countries were identified. There was considerable difference in the structure, population surveyed and conduct of the KAP studies. The common following themes emerged: misinformation about blood donation, fear of blood donation, willingness to donate for family and friends, concern about selling blood and a failure to transfer positive attitudes into actual blood donation. CONCLUSION Despite considerable differences in the culture and demographics of developing countries, several common themes emerged from different KAP surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lownik
- Division of Health Policy/Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ruhe JJ, de Guzman L, Moss M, Riley W, Mildvan D, Perlman DC, Koll B. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and the risk of subsequent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among hospitalized patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 71:163-6. [PMID: 21840671 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Few data exist on the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among known methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) carriers. In a cohort of 2991 hospitalized MSSA carriers, 22 (22%) of 98 S. aureus infections that occurred within a subsequent 6-month period were caused by MRSA. Recent fluoroquinolone use was an independent predictor of MRSA infections (P < .001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg J Ruhe
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Riley W, Davis S, Miller K, Hansen H, Sainfort F, Sweet R. Didactic and Simulation Nontechnical Skills Team Training to Improve Perinatal Patient Outcomes in a Community Hospital. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2011; 37:357-64. [DOI: 10.1016/s1553-7250(11)37046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schwalm CR, Williams CA, Schaefer K, Anderson R, Arain MA, Baker I, Barr A, Black TA, Chen G, Chen JM, Ciais P, Davis KJ, Desai A, Dietze M, Dragoni D, Fischer ML, Flanagan LB, Grant R, Gu L, Hollinger D, Izaurralde RC, Kucharik C, Lafleur P, Law BE, Li L, Li Z, Liu S, Lokupitiya E, Luo Y, Ma S, Margolis H, Matamala R, McCaughey H, Monson RK, Oechel WC, Peng C, Poulter B, Price DT, Riciutto DM, Riley W, Sahoo AK, Sprintsin M, Sun J, Tian H, Tonitto C, Verbeeck H, Verma SB. A model-data intercomparison of CO2exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rothrock NE, Hays RD, Spritzer K, Yount SE, Riley W, Cella D. Relative to the general US population, chronic diseases are associated with poorer health-related quality of life as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). J Clin Epidemiol 2010; 63:1195-204. [PMID: 20688471 PMCID: PMC2943571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) allows assessment of the impact of chronic conditions on health-related quality of life (HRQL) across diseases. We report on the HRQL impact of individual and comorbid conditions as well as conditions that are described as limiting activity. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Data were collected through online and clinic recruitment as part of the PROMIS item calibration sample (n=21,133). Participants reported the presence or absence of 24 chronic health conditions and whether their activity was limited by each condition. RESULTS Across health status domains, the presence of a chronic condition was associated with poorer scores than those without a diagnosis, particularly for those individuals who reported that their condition was disabling. The magnitude of detriment in HRQL was more pronounced for individuals with two or more chronic conditions and could not be explained by sociodemographic factors. Patterns of HRQL deficits varied across disease and comorbidity status. CONCLUSION The impact of chronic conditions, particularly when experienced with comorbid disease, is associated with detriments in HRQL. The negative impact on HRQL varies across symptoms and functional areas within a given condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan E Rothrock
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 625N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Parton WJ, Hanson PJ, Swanston C, Torn M, Trumbore SE, Riley W, Kelly R. ForCent model development and testing using the Enriched Background Isotope Study experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jg001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Riley W, Davis S, Miller KM, Hansen H, Sweet RM. Detecting breaches in defensive barriers using in situ simulation for obstetric emergencies. Qual Saf Health Care 2010; 19 Suppl 3:i53-6. [PMID: 20724391 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2010.040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Reason's safety model, high-reliability healthcare organisations are characterised by multiple layers of defensive barriers in depth associated with increased levels of safety in the care delivery system. However, there is very little empirical evidence describing and defining defensive barriers in healthcare settings or systematic analysis documenting the nature of breaches in these barriers. This study uses in situ simulation to identify defensive barriers and classify the nature of active and latent breaches in these barriers. METHODS An in situ simulation methodology was used to study team performance during obstetrics emergencies. The authors conducted 46 trials of in situ simulated obstetrics emergencies in two phases at six different hospitals involving 823 physicians, nurses and support staff from January 2006 to February 2008. These six hospitals included a university teaching hospital, two suburban community hospitals and three rural hospitals. The authors created a high-fidelity simulation by developing scenarios based on actual sentinel events. RESULTS A total of 965 breaches were identified by participants in 46 simulation trials. Of the 965 breaches, 461 (47.8%) were classified as latent conditions, and 494 (51.2%) were classified as active failures. CONCLUSIONS In Reason's model, all sentinel events involve a breached protective layer. Understanding how protective layers breakdown is the first step to ensure patient safety and establish a high reliability. These findings suggest where to invest resources to help achieve a high reliability. In situ simulation helps recognise and remedy both active failures and latent conditions before they combine to cause bad outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Riley
- Department of Health Policy & Management and Associate Dean, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0381, USA
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Liu H, Cella D, Gershon R, Shen J, Morales LS, Riley W, Hays RD. Representativeness of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Internet panel. J Clin Epidemiol 2010; 63:1169-78. [PMID: 20688473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), which collected data from an Internet polling panel, and to compare PROMIS with national norms. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We compared demographics and self-rated health of the PROMIS general Internet sample (N=11,796) and one of its subsamples (n=2,196) selected to approximate the joint distribution of demographics from the 2000 U.S. Census, with three national surveys and U.S. Census data. The comparisons were conducted using equivalence testing with weights created for PROMIS by raking. RESULTS The weighted PROMIS population and subsample had similar demographics compared with the 2000 U.S. Census, except that the subsample had a higher percentage of people with higher education than high school. Equivalence testing shows similarity between PROMIS general population and national norms with regard to body mass index, EQ-5D health index (EuroQol group defined descriptive system of health-related quality of life states consisting of five dimensions including mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), and self-rating of general health. CONCLUSION Self-rated health of the PROMIS general population is similar to that of existing samples from the general U.S. population. The weighted PROMIS general population is more comparable to national norms than the unweighted population with regard to subject characteristics. The findings suggest that the representativeness of the Internet data is comparable to those from probability-based general population samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghu Liu
- UCLA Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine & Health Services Research, University of California-Los Angeles, 911 Broxton Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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