1
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Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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2
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Montoya S, Bourcier J, Noviski M, Lu H, Thompson MC, Chirino A, Jahn J, Sondhi AK, Gajewski S, Tan YS(M, Yung S, Urban A, Wang E, Han C, Mi X, Kim WJ, Sievers Q, Auger P, Bousquet H, Brathaban N, Bravo B, Gessner M, Guiducci C, Iuliano JN, Kane T, Mukerji R, Reddy PJ, Powers J, Sanchez Garcia de los Rios M, Ye J, Risso CB, Tsai D, Pardo G, Notti RQ, Pardo A, After M, Nawaratne V, Totiger TM, Pena-Velasquez C, Rhodes JM, Zelenetz AD, Alencar A, Roeker LE, Mehta S, Garippa R, Linley A, Soni RK, Skånland SS, Brown RJ, Mato AR, Hansen GM, Abdel-Wahab O, Taylor J. Kinase-impaired BTK mutations are susceptible to clinical-stage BTK and IKZF1/3 degrader NX-2127. Science 2024; 383:eadi5798. [PMID: 38301010 PMCID: PMC11103405 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Increasing use of covalent and noncovalent inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has elucidated a series of acquired drug-resistant BTK mutations in patients with B cell malignancies. Here we identify inhibitor resistance mutations in BTK with distinct enzymatic activities, including some that impair BTK enzymatic activity while imparting novel protein-protein interactions that sustain B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Furthermore, we describe a clinical-stage BTK and IKZF1/3 degrader, NX-2127, that can bind and proteasomally degrade each mutant BTK proteoform, resulting in potent blockade of BCR signaling. Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with NX-2127 achieves >80% degradation of BTK in patients and demonstrates proof-of-concept therapeutic benefit. These data reveal an oncogenic scaffold function of mutant BTK that confers resistance across clinically approved BTK inhibitors but is overcome by BTK degradation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Montoya
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessie Bourcier
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hao Lu
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meghan C. Thompson
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Chirino
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Jahn
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anya K. Sondhi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aleksandra Urban
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Cuijuan Han
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quinlan Sievers
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Auger
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Kane
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jordan Ye
- Nurix Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carla Barrientos Risso
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Tsai
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel Pardo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Q. Notti
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Pardo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maurizio After
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vindhya Nawaratne
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tulasigeri M. Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camila Pena-Velasquez
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna M. Rhodes
- division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine at Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, CLL Research and Treatment Center, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Andrew D. Zelenetz
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Alencar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey E. Roeker
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mehta
- Gene Editing and Screening Core Facility, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute and Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing and Screening Core Facility, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute and Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Linley
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sigrid S. Skånland
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anthony R. Mato
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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4
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Knorr K, Rahman J, Erickson C, Wang E, Monetti M, Li Z, Ortiz-Pacheco J, Jones A, Lu SX, Stanley RF, Baez M, Fox N, Castro C, Marino AE, Jiang C, Penson A, Hogg SJ, Mi X, Nakajima H, Kunimoto H, Nishimura K, Inoue D, Greenbaum B, Knorr D, Ravetch J, Abdel-Wahab O. Systematic evaluation of AML-associated antigens identifies anti-U5 SNRNP200 therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:1675-1692. [PMID: 37872381 PMCID: PMC10733148 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there has been limited success in targeting surface antigens in AML, in part due to shared expression across malignant and normal cells. Here, high-density immunophenotyping of AML coupled with proteogenomics identified unique expression of a variety of antigens, including the RNA helicase U5 snRNP200, on the surface of AML cells but not on normal hematopoietic precursors and skewed Fc receptor distribution in the AML immune microenvironment. Cell membrane localization of U5 snRNP200 was linked to surface expression of the Fcγ receptor IIIA (FcγIIIA, also known as CD32A) and correlated with expression of interferon-regulated immune response genes. Anti-U5 snRNP200 antibodies engaging activating Fcγ receptors were efficacious across immunocompetent AML models and were augmented by combination with azacitidine. These data provide a roadmap of AML-associated antigens with Fc receptor distribution in AML and highlight the potential for targeting the AML cell surface using Fc-optimized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Knorr
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jahan Rahman
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Erickson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mara Monetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliana Ortiz-Pacheco
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney X Lu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Stanley
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Baez
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Fox
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Castro
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra E Marino
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Penson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kunimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Japan
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Knorr
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Bewersdorf JP, Stahl M, Taylor J, Mi X, Chandhok NS, Watts J, Derkach A, Wysocki M, Lu SX, Bourcier J, Hogg SJ, Rahman J, Chaudhry S, Totiger TM, Abdel-Wahab O, Stein EM. E7820, an anti-cancer sulfonamide, degrades RBM39 in patients with splicing factor mutant myeloid malignancies: a phase II clinical trial. Leukemia 2023; 37:2512-2516. [PMID: 37814121 PMCID: PMC10681888 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Bewersdorf
- Department of Medicine; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maximilian Stahl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Leukemia Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Department of Medicine; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namrata Sonia Chandhok
- Leukemia Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Justin Watts
- Leukemia Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mateusz Wysocki
- Department of Medicine; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney X Lu
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessie Bourcier
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jahan Rahman
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sana Chaudhry
- Leukemia Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tulasigeri M Totiger
- Leukemia Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medicine; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eytan M Stein
- Department of Medicine; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Mi X, Penson A, Abdel-Wahab O, Mailankody S. Genetic Basis of Relapse after GPRC5D-Targeted CAR T Cells. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1435-1437. [PMID: 37819961 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2308544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Mi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alex Penson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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7
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Hoke JC, Ippoliti M, Rosenberg E, Abanin D, Acharya R, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Mi X, Khemani V, Roushan P. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor. Nature 2023; 622:481-486. [PMID: 37853150 PMCID: PMC10584681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement has a special role in quantum theory1: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation2 and thereby alter the 'arrow of time' that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time3-10 that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium11-13. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors14, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping9,15-17 to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling3,4 to measurement-induced teleportation18. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
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8
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Andersen TI, Lensky YD, Kechedzhi K, Drozdov IK, Bengtsson A, Hong S, Morvan A, Mi X, Opremcak A, Acharya R, Allen R, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hilton J, Hoffmann MR, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Lucero E, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McCourt T, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Kim EA, Aleiner I, Roushan P. Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor. Nature 2023; 618:264-269. [PMID: 37169834 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics1. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date-including fermions, bosons and Abelian anyons-this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged2,3. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions4-8. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well-developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals9-22, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. Whereas efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasiparticles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction by means of unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons9,10, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol23 to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of using the anyons for quantum computation and use braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and, through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection, could open a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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9
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Morvan A, Andersen TI, Mi X, Neill C, Petukhov A, Kechedzhi K, Abanin DA, Michailidis A, Acharya R, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores Burgos L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Grajales Dau A, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone F, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Olenewa R, Opremcak A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Strain D, Sterling G, Su Y, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Xing C, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Aleiner I, Ioffe LB, Roushan P. Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons. Nature 2022; 612:240-245. [PMID: 36477133 PMCID: PMC9729104 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles1. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states2-9. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Centre for Quantum Software and Information, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Y Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - F Malone
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Olenewa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
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10
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Mi X, Sonner M, Niu MY, Lee KW, Foxen B, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Debroy DM, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Harrigan MP, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Lee J, Laws L, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Newman M, O’Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shvarts V, Strain D, Su Y, Szalay M, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Chen Y, Kelly J, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA, Roushan P. Noise-resilient edge modes on a chain of superconducting qubits. Science 2022; 378:785-790. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherent symmetry of a quantum system may protect its otherwise fragile states. Leveraging such protection requires testing its robustness against uncontrolled environmental interactions. Using 47 superconducting qubits, we implement the one-dimensional kicked Ising model, which exhibits nonlocal Majorana edge modes (MEMs) with
ℤ
2
parity symmetry. We find that any multiqubit Pauli operator overlapping with the MEMs exhibits a uniform late-time decay rate comparable to single-qubit relaxation rates, irrespective of its size or composition. This characteristic allows us to accurately reconstruct the exponentially localized spatial profiles of the MEMs. Furthermore, the MEMs are found to be resilient against certain symmetry-breaking noise owing to a prethermalization mechanism. Our work elucidates the complex interplay between noise and symmetry-protected edge modes in a solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Sonner
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Y. Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. W. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - F. Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J. C. Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J. Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P. Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L. Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R. Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Flores
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - W. Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A. G. Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T. Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S. Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Y. Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A. N. Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P. Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K.-M. Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W. Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M. McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - N. Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y. Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G. Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T. White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z. Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P. Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N. Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H. Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. A. Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Han Y, Shi M, Mi X, Luo S. Chiral Primary Amine Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Simple Ketones via Asymmetric retro‐Claisen Cleavage. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202584. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Han
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences LMRF CHINA
| | | | - X. Mi
- Beijing Normal University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing CHINA
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12
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Wang E, Mi X, Thompson MC, Montoya S, Notti RQ, Afaghani J, Durham BH, Penson A, Witkowski MT, Lu SX, Bourcier J, Hogg SJ, Erickson C, Cui D, Cho H, Singer M, Totiger TM, Chaudhry S, Geyer M, Alencar A, Linley AJ, Palomba ML, Coombs CC, Park JH, Zelenetz A, Roeker L, Rosendahl M, Tsai DE, Ebata K, Brandhuber B, Hyman DM, Aifantis I, Mato A, Taylor J, Abdel-Wahab O. Mechanisms of Resistance to Noncovalent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:735-743. [PMID: 35196427 PMCID: PMC9074143 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covalent (irreversible) Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have transformed the treatment of multiple B-cell cancers, especially chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, resistance can arise through multiple mechanisms, including acquired mutations in BTK at residue C481, the binding site of covalent BTK inhibitors. Noncovalent (reversible) BTK inhibitors overcome this mechanism and other sources of resistance, but the mechanisms of resistance to these therapies are currently not well understood. METHODS We performed genomic analyses of pretreatment specimens as well as specimens obtained at the time of disease progression from patients with CLL who had been treated with the noncovalent BTK inhibitor pirtobrutinib. Structural modeling, BTK-binding assays, and cell-based assays were conducted to study mutations that confer resistance to noncovalent BTK inhibitors. RESULTS Among 55 treated patients, we identified 9 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL and acquired mechanisms of genetic resistance to pirtobrutinib. We found mutations (V416L, A428D, M437R, T474I, and L528W) that were clustered in the kinase domain of BTK and that conferred resistance to both noncovalent BTK inhibitors and certain covalent BTK inhibitors. Mutations in BTK or phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2), a signaling molecule and downstream substrate of BTK, were found in all 9 patients. Transcriptional activation reflecting B-cell-receptor signaling persisted despite continued therapy with noncovalent BTK inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Resistance to noncovalent BTK inhibitors arose through on-target BTK mutations and downstream PLCγ2 mutations that allowed escape from BTK inhibition. A proportion of these mutations also conferred resistance across clinically approved covalent BTK inhibitors. These data suggested new mechanisms of genomic escape from established covalent and novel noncovalent BTK inhibitors. (Funded by the American Society of Hematology and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Meghan C Thompson
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Skye Montoya
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Ryan Q Notti
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Jumana Afaghani
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Alex Penson
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Sydney X Lu
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Jessie Bourcier
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Simon J Hogg
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Caroline Erickson
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Dan Cui
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Hana Cho
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Michael Singer
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Tulasigeri M Totiger
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Sana Chaudhry
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Mark Geyer
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Alvaro Alencar
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Adam J Linley
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - M Lia Palomba
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Catherine C Coombs
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Jae H Park
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Andrew Zelenetz
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Lindsey Roeker
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Mary Rosendahl
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Donald E Tsai
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Kevin Ebata
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Barbara Brandhuber
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - David M Hyman
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Anthony Mato
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Justin Taylor
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- From the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (E.W., X.M., B.H.D., A.P., S.X.L., J.B., S.J.H., C.E., D.C., H.C., M.S., O.A.-W.), the Leukemia Service (M.C.T., M.G., J.H.P., L.R., A.M., O.A.-W.), and the Lymphoma Service (M.L.P., A.Z.), Department of Medicine, and the Department of Pathology (B.H.D.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University (R.Q.N.), and the Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine (M.T.W., I.A.) - all in New York; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami (S.M., J.A., T.M.T., S.C., A.A., J.T.); the Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (A.J.L.); University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill (C.C.C.); and Loxo Oncology at Lilly, Boulder, CO (M.R., D.E.T., K.E., B.B., D.M.H.)
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13
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Satzinger KJ, Liu YJ, Smith A, Knapp C, Newman M, Jones C, Chen Z, Quintana C, Mi X, Dunsworth A, Gidney C, Aleiner I, Arute F, Arya K, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bardin JC, Barends R, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bilmes A, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chiaro B, Collins R, Courtney W, Demura S, Derk AR, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giustina M, Greene A, Gross JA, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hilton J, Hong S, Huang T, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Kim S, Klimov PV, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Locharla A, Lucero E, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mruczkiewicz W, Mutus J, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Pató B, Petukhov A, Rubin NC, Sank D, Shvarts V, Strain D, Szalay M, Villalonga B, White TC, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Chen Y, Kelly J, Smelyanskiy V, Kitaev A, Knap M, Pollmann F, Roushan P. Realizing topologically ordered states on a quantum processor. Science 2021; 374:1237-1241. [PMID: 34855491 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y-J Liu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - A Smith
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - C Knapp
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Newman
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - X Mi
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - C Gidney
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A Bilmes
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Bushnell
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Courtney
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Demura
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Derk
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Eppens
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Erickson
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E Farhi
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Fowler
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Foxen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Giustina
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Greene
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Hilton
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Hong
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S V Isakov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Kim
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P V Klimov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - D Landhuis
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Laptev
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Locharla
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Mutus
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Naaman
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A Opremcak
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Pató
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Petukhov
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T C White
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A Kitaev
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Knap
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Pollmann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - P Roushan
- Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, CA, USA
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14
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Du X, Mawolo JB, Liu X, Mi X, Li Q, Wen Y. Comparative study of the distribution and expression of Neuroglobin and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the adult and young Yak Brain. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245330. [PMID: 34495146 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. AIM The study examined the expression of Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) in adult and young yak brain tissues, and provided researchers with meaningful insight into the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of this mammal. METHOD The study employed immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB) to obtain the results. RESULTS Ngb and Hif-1α were significantly (P<0.05) expressed in the cerebellar cortex, piriform lobe, medulla, and corpus callosum of the adult yak while in the young yak brain tissues, the protein expressions were significantly found in the white matter of the cerebellum, pineal gland, corpus callosum, and cerebellar cortex. The Ngb and Hif-1α expression showed similarities and differences. This may have resulted from similar animal species, source of nutrition, age factors, brain size, emotional activities, and communication. The findings documented that Ngb and Hif-1α are commonly expressed in various adult and young yak brain tissues. Multiple roles in the brain tissues of the adult and young yaks are involved in the expression and distribution and are proposed to play a significant role in the adaptation of the yak to the high altitude environment. CONCLUSION This study provides meaningful data to understand the adaptive mechanism to hypoxia and recommended researchers to expand on the adaptive mechanism and brain tissues that are not recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Du
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Mawolo
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Mi
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wen
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Du X, Mi X, Liu X, Mawolo JB. Comparative study on the distribution and expression of Neuroglobin and Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the telencephalon of yak and cattle. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248911. [PMID: 34495167 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The telencephalon refers to the most highly developed and anterior part of the forebrain, consisting mainly of the cerebral hemispheres. The study determined Neuroglobin (Ngb) and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression in the telencephalon of yak and cattle, and compare the expression and distribution pattern of Ngb and HIF-1α in the two animals. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB) were employed to investigate Ngb and Hif-1α expression in the telencephalon of yak and cattle. mRNA and protein expressions of Ngb and HIF-1α showed positive in different tissues of the yak and cattle telencephalon. Ngb expression in tissues of the yak recorded higher as compare to cattle while HIF-1α expression was found higher in cattle than yak. The HIF-1α expression in some tissues of yak telencephalon was consistent with the cattle. The results documented that HIF-1α may have a direct or indirect synergistic effect on Ngb expression in the yak telencephalon to improve hypoxia adaptation. It is suggested that yak may need more Ngb expression for adaptation, but the expression of HIF-1α seems to be down-regulated during long-term adaptation, and the specific causes of this phenomenon needs to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Du
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Mi
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - J B Mawolo
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ruan J, Zain JM, Palmer B, Jovanovic BB, Mi X, Swaroop A, Winter J, Gordon LI, Karmali R, Pro B. MULTI‐CENTER PHASE II STUDY OF ROMIDEPSIN PLUS LENALIDOMIDE FOR PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUSLY UNTREATED PERIPHERAL T‐CELL LYMPHOMA (PTCL). Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.55_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ruan
- Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian Hospital Medicine Hematology‐Oncology New York City, New York USA
| | - J. M Zain
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medicine Duarte USA
| | - B. Palmer
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - B. Borko Jovanovic
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine Chicago USA
| | - X. Mi
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine Chicago USA
| | - A. Swaroop
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine Chicago USA
| | - J. Winter
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - L. I Gordon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - R. Karmali
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
| | - B. Pro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Medicine Chicago USA
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17
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McEwen M, Kafri D, Chen Z, Atalaya J, Satzinger KJ, Quintana C, Klimov PV, Sank D, Gidney C, Fowler AG, Arute F, Arya K, Buckley B, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chiaro B, Collins R, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Foxen B, Giustina M, Huang T, Hong S, Jeffrey E, Kim S, Kechedzhi K, Kostritsa F, Laptev P, Megrant A, Mi X, Mutus J, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Niu M, Paler A, Redd N, Roushan P, White TC, Yao J, Yeh P, Zalcman A, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy VN, Martinis JM, Neven H, Kelly J, Korotkov AN, Petukhov AG, Barends R. Removing leakage-induced correlated errors in superconducting quantum error correction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1761. [PMID: 33741936 PMCID: PMC7979694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum computing can become scalable through error correction, but logical error rates only decrease with system size when physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated. During computation, unused high energy levels of the qubits can become excited, creating leakage states that are long-lived and mobile. Particularly for superconducting transmon qubits, this leakage opens a path to errors that are correlated in space and time. Here, we report a reset protocol that returns a qubit to the ground state from all relevant higher level states. We test its performance with the bit-flip stabilizer code, a simplified version of the surface code for quantum error correction. We investigate the accumulation and dynamics of leakage during error correction. Using this protocol, we find lower rates of logical errors and an improved scaling and stability of error suppression with increasing qubit number. This demonstration provides a key step on the path towards scalable quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McEwen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - D Sank
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - F Arute
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Foxen
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - T Huang
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - S Hong
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - S Kim
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - X Mi
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Neill
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - A Paler
- Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - N Redd
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Yao
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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18
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Taylor J, Mi X, North K, Binder M, Penson A, Lasho T, Knorr K, Haddadin M, Liu B, Pangallo J, Benbarche S, Wiseman D, Tefferi A, Halene S, Liang Y, Patnaik MM, Bradley RK, Abdel-Wahab O. Single-cell genomics reveals the genetic and molecular bases for escape from mutational epistasis in myeloid neoplasms. Blood 2020; 136:1477-1486. [PMID: 32640014 PMCID: PMC7515689 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale sequencing studies of hematologic malignancies have revealed notable epistasis among high-frequency mutations. One of the most striking examples of epistasis occurs for mutations in RNA splicing factors. These lesions are among the most common alterations in myeloid neoplasms and generally occur in a mutually exclusive manner, a finding attributed to their synthetic lethal interactions and/or convergent effects. Curiously, however, patients with multiple-concomitant splicing factor mutations have been observed, challenging our understanding of one of the most common examples of epistasis in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we performed bulk and single-cell analyses of patients with myeloid malignancy who were harboring ≥2 splicing factor mutations, to understand the frequency and basis for the coexistence of these mutations. Although mutations in splicing factors were strongly mutually exclusive across 4231 patients (q < .001), 0.85% harbored 2 concomitant bona fide splicing factor mutations, ∼50% of which were present in the same individual cells. However, the distribution of mutations in patients with double mutations deviated from that in those with single mutations, with selection against the most common alleles, SF3B1K700E and SRSF2P95H/L/R, and selection for less common alleles, such as SF3B1 non-K700E mutations, rare amino acid substitutions at SRSF2P95, and combined U2AF1S34/Q157 mutations. SF3B1 and SRSF2 alleles enriched in those with double-mutations had reduced effects on RNA splicing and/or binding compared with the most common alleles. Moreover, dual U2AF1 mutations occurred in cis with preservation of the wild-type allele. These data highlight allele-specific differences as critical in regulating the molecular effects of splicing factor mutations as well as their cooccurrences/exclusivities with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Khrystyna North
- Division of Public Health Sciences and
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Alexander Penson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Katherine Knorr
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Haddadin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Bo Liu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph Pangallo
- Division of Public Health Sciences and
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Salima Benbarche
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Wiseman
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and
| | - Yang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Hematologic Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | - Robert K Bradley
- Division of Public Health Sciences and
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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19
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Foxen B, Neill C, Dunsworth A, Roushan P, Chiaro B, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Z, Satzinger K, Barends R, Arute F, Arya K, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Boixo S, Buell D, Burkett B, Chen Y, Collins R, Farhi E, Fowler A, Gidney C, Giustina M, Graff R, Harrigan M, Huang T, Isakov SV, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Klimov P, Korotkov A, Kostritsa F, Landhuis D, Lucero E, McClean J, McEwen M, Mi X, Mohseni M, Mutus JY, Naaman O, Neeley M, Niu M, Petukhov A, Quintana C, Rubin N, Sank D, Smelyanskiy V, Vainsencher A, White TC, Yao Z, Yeh P, Zalcman A, Neven H, Martinis JM. Demonstrating a Continuous Set of Two-Qubit Gates for Near-Term Quantum Algorithms. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:120504. [PMID: 33016760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum algorithms offer a dramatic speedup for computational problems in material science and chemistry. However, any near-term realizations of these algorithms will need to be optimized to fit within the finite resources offered by existing noisy hardware. Here, taking advantage of the adjustable coupling of gmon qubits, we demonstrate a continuous two-qubit gate set that can provide a threefold reduction in circuit depth as compared to a standard decomposition. We implement two gate families: an imaginary swap-like (iSWAP-like) gate to attain an arbitrary swap angle, θ, and a controlled-phase gate that generates an arbitrary conditional phase, ϕ. Using one of each of these gates, we can perform an arbitrary two-qubit gate within the excitation-preserving subspace allowing for a complete implementation of the so-called Fermionic simulation (fSim) gate set. We benchmark the fidelity of the iSWAP-like and controlled-phase gate families as well as 525 other fSim gates spread evenly across the entire fSim(θ,ϕ) parameter space, achieving a purity-limited average two-qubit Pauli error of 3.8×10^{-3} per fSim gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foxen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Zijun Chen
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Satzinger
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Barends
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Buell
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Giustina
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Graff
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Harrigan
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - S V Isakov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Kechedzhi
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Klimov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Korotkov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - F Kostritsa
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Landhuis
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J McClean
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M McEwen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - X Mi
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Y Mutus
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Niu
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Petukhov
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Quintana
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - N Rubin
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - V Smelyanskiy
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Vainsencher
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T C White
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Google Research, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Wang J, Liu L, Xu X, Mi X, Shao M, Chen D, Li S, Xiao M. 1407P Lymphocyte subsets predict clinical outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Liu Y, Mi X, Gadde R, Gao Q, Xiao W, Zhang Y, Benayed R, Arcila M, Dogan A, Geyer MB, Roshal M. FGFR1 Rearrangement Guides Diagnosis and Treatment of a Trilineage B, T, and Myeloid Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:1900402. [PMID: 32923913 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ramya Gadde
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Qi Gao
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rayma Benayed
- Molecular Diagnostics Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Maria Arcila
- Molecular Diagnostics Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mark B Geyer
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Center for Cell Engineering, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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22
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Mi X, Lai K, Yan L, Xie S, Qiu X, Xiao S, Wei S. miR-18a expression in basal cell carcinoma and regulatory mechanism on autophagy through mTOR pathway. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:1027-1034. [PMID: 32485050 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin carcinoma. AIM To investigate the function of key micro(mi)RNAs and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved in BCC. METHODS The microarray dataset GSE34535, which comprises seven BCC samples and seven control samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified. We collected tissue samples from 20 patients with BCC and 20 healthy controls (HCs), to compare the miR-18a expression in their tissue samples. Expression of miR-18a in A431 and HaCaT cells was also assayed. Following this, we upregulated and downregulated miR-18a expression in A431 cells to examine the effects on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. To further investigate the relative mechanism, the proteins LC3, Beclin 1, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. For further verification, we examined the expression of LC3 in the 20 BCC and 20 HC tissue samples. RESULTS In total, 19 DE-miRNAs (13 upregulated and 6 downregulated) that were common to the BCC and HC groups were identified. Levels of miR-18a were about three-fold higher in BCC tissues and A431 cells compared with their respective control groups. In vitro, downregulation of miR-18a was shown to inhibit cell proliferation and activate autophagy via the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, while upregulation of miR-18a promoted proliferation of these cells. LC3 was decreased in BCC compared with HC tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS Our data support an oncogenic role of miR-18a through a novel Akt/mTOR/Beclin 1/LC3 axis, and suggest that the antitumour effects of miR-18a inhibitor may make it suitable for BCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - K Lai
- Department of, Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Yan
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Xie
- Department of, Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Qiu
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Xiao
- Department of, Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Wei
- Departments of, Department of, Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Barends R, Quintana CM, Petukhov AG, Chen Y, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Collins R, Naaman O, Boixo S, Arute F, Arya K, Buell D, Burkett B, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Dunsworth A, Foxen B, Fowler A, Gidney C, Giustina M, Graff R, Huang T, Jeffrey E, Kelly J, Klimov PV, Kostritsa F, Landhuis D, Lucero E, McEwen M, Megrant A, Mi X, Mutus J, Neeley M, Neill C, Ostby E, Roushan P, Sank D, Satzinger KJ, Vainsencher A, White T, Yao J, Yeh P, Zalcman A, Neven H, Smelyanskiy VN, Martinis JM. Diabatic Gates for Frequency-Tunable Superconducting Qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:210501. [PMID: 31809160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate diabatic two-qubit gates with Pauli error rates down to 4.3(2)×10^{-3} in as fast as 18 ns using frequency-tunable superconducting qubits. This is achieved by synchronizing the entangling parameters with minima in the leakage channel. The synchronization shows a landscape in gate parameter space that agrees with model predictions and facilitates robust tune-up. We test both iswap-like and cphase gates with cross-entropy benchmarking. The presented approach can be extended to multibody operations as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barends
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | | | - Yu Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | | | - R Collins
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - O Naaman
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Buell
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Dunsworth
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - B Foxen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Fowler
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Giustina
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - R Graff
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P V Klimov
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - F Kostritsa
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Landhuis
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M McEwen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - X Mi
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Mutus
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - E Ostby
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - J Yao
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google, Venice, California 90291, USA
| | | | - John M Martinis
- Google, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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24
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Abdulhay NJ, Fiorini C, Verboon JM, Ludwig LS, Ulirsch JC, Zieger B, Lareau CA, Mi X, Roy A, Obeng EA, Erlacher M, Gupta N, Gabriel SB, Ebert BL, Niemeyer CM, Khoriaty RN, Ancliff P, Gazda HT, Wlodarski MW, Sankaran VG. Impaired human hematopoiesis due to a cryptic intronic GATA1 splicing mutation. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1050-1060. [PMID: 30914438 PMCID: PMC6504223 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdulhay et al. report that an intronic genetic variant alters GATA1 splicing and presents as a distinct form of dyserythropoietic anemia in two unrelated patients. Functional studies demonstrate that the novel GATA1 isoform lacks observable activity and leads to a decrease in wild-type GATA1 levels in affected individuals. Studies of allelic variation underlying genetic blood disorders have provided important insights into human hematopoiesis. Most often, the identified pathogenic mutations result in loss-of-function or missense changes. However, assessing the pathogenicity of noncoding variants can be challenging. Here, we characterize two unrelated patients with a distinct presentation of dyserythropoietic anemia and other impairments in hematopoiesis associated with an intronic mutation in GATA1 that is 24 nucleotides upstream of the canonical splice acceptor site. Functional studies demonstrate that this single-nucleotide alteration leads to reduced canonical splicing and increased use of an alternative splice acceptor site that causes a partial intron retention event. The resultant altered GATA1 contains a five–amino acid insertion at the C-terminus of the C-terminal zinc finger and has no observable activity. Collectively, our results demonstrate how altered splicing of GATA1, which reduces levels of the normal form of this master transcription factor, can result in distinct changes in human hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour J Abdulhay
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Claudia Fiorini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jeffrey M Verboon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther A Obeng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Molecular Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami N Khoriaty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Philip Ancliff
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Hanna T Gazda
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marcin W Wlodarski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Zhang Y, Charlton J, Karnik R, Beerman I, Smith ZD, Gu H, Boyle P, Mi X, Clement K, Pop R, Gnirke A, Rossi DJ, Meissner A. Targets and genomic constraints of ectopic Dnmt3b expression. eLife 2018; 7:e40757. [PMID: 30468428 PMCID: PMC6251628 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an essential role in mammalian genomes and expression of the responsible enzymes is tightly controlled. Deregulation of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B is frequently observed across cancer types, yet little is known about its ectopic genomic targets. Here, we used an inducible transgenic mouse model to delineate rules for abnormal DNMT3B targeting, as well as the constraints of its activity across different cell types. Our results explain the preferential susceptibility of certain CpG islands to aberrant methylation and point to transcriptional state and the associated chromatin landscape as the strongest predictors. Although DNA methylation and H3K27me3 are usually non-overlapping at CpG islands, H3K27me3 can transiently co-occur with DNMT3B-induced DNA methylation. Our genome-wide data combined with ultra-deep locus-specific bisulfite sequencing suggest a distributive activity of ectopically expressed Dnmt3b that leads to discordant CpG island hypermethylation and provides new insights for interpreting the cancer methylome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Jocelyn Charlton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
- Department of Genome RegulationMax Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsBerlinGermany
| | - Rahul Karnik
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusettsUnited States
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's HospitalMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Zachary D Smith
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Patrick Boyle
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Xiaoli Mi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Kendell Clement
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Ramona Pop
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Andreas Gnirke
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
- Department of PediatricsHarvard Medical SchoolMassachusettsUnited States
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's HospitalMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityMassachusettsUnited States
- Department of Genome RegulationMax Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsBerlinGermany
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardMassachusettsUnited States
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26
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Mi X, Griffin G, Lee W, Patel S, Ohgami R, Ok CY, Wang S, Geyer JT, Xiao W, Roshal M, Garcia JS, Silverman LB, Sallan SE, Aster JC, Harris MH, Weinberg OK. Genomic and clinical characterization of B/T mixed phenotype acute leukemia reveals recurrent features and T-ALL like mutations. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:1358-1367. [PMID: 30117174 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The B/T subtype of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (B/T MPAL) is defined by co-expression of antigens of both B- and T-cell lineages on leukemic blasts. Although it has been suggested that multilineage antigen expression portends poor response to chemotherapy, the clinical characteristics and driver mutations that underlie the pathogenesis of this rare subtype of acute leukemia are scarcely known. We identified nine cases of B/T MPAL from multiple institutions and correlated clinical and immunophenotypic findings with next-generation sequencing data. We report that B/T MPAL commonly presents with lymphadenopathy in adolescence and young adulthood. While the tumors have diverse cytogenetic and genomic perturbations, recurrent acquired aberrations include mutations in the putative transcriptional regulator PHF6 and the JAK-STAT and Ras signaling pathways. Alterations were also identified in genes encoding hematopoietic transcription factors, cell cycle regulators/tumor suppressors, and chromatin modifying enzymes. The genomic landscape of B/T MPAL strongly resembles that of T-ALL subgroups associated with early developmental arrest, while genetic alterations that are common in B-ALL were rarely seen. Two-thirds of the patients responded to ALL-based chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation. Our observations lay the groundwork for further study of the unique biology and clinical trajectory of B/T MPAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Mi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Gabriel Griffin
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Robert Ohgami
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University Medical Center; California
| | - Chi Young Ok
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Julia T. Geyer
- Division of Hematopathology; New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York New York
| | | | - Lewis B. Silverman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston Massachusetts
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Stephen E. Sallan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston Massachusetts
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jon C. Aster
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Marian H. Harris
- Department of Pathology; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Olga K. Weinberg
- Department of Pathology; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
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Abdulhay N, Verboon J, Ulirsch J, Zieger B, Mi X, Obeng E, Erlacher M, Gupta N, Gabriel S, Ebert B, Niemeyer C, Khoriaty R, Ancliff P, Gazda H, Wlodarski M, Sankaran V. A Cryptic Intronic GATA1 Splicing Mutation Provides Insights Into Human Hematopoietic Differentiation. Exp Hematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
We study an accumulation mode Si/SiGe double quantum dot (DQD) containing a single electron that is dipole coupled to microwave photons in a superconducting cavity. Measurements of the cavity transmission reveal dispersive features due to the DQD valley states in Si. The occupation of the valley states can be increased by raising the temperature or applying a finite source-drain bias across the DQD, resulting in an increased signal. Using the cavity input-output theory and a four-level model of the DQD, it is possible to efficiently extract valley splittings and the inter- and intravalley tunnel couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Csaba G Péterfalvi
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Guido Burkard
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - J R Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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29
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Liu YY, Stehlik J, Eichler C, Mi X, Hartke TR, Gullans MJ, Taylor JM, Petta JR. Threshold Dynamics of a Semiconductor Single Atom Maser. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:097702. [PMID: 28949587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.097702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a single atom maser consisting of a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) that is embedded in a high-quality-factor microwave cavity. A finite bias drives the DQD out of equilibrium, resulting in sequential single electron tunneling and masing. We develop a dynamic tuning protocol that allows us to controllably increase the time-averaged repumping rate of the DQD at a fixed level detuning, and quantitatively study the transition through the masing threshold. We further examine the crossover from incoherent to coherent emission by measuring the photon statistics across the masing transition. The observed threshold behavior is in agreement with an existing single atom maser theory when small corrections from lead emission are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Liu
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - J Stehlik
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - C Eichler
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - X Mi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - T R Hartke
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J M Taylor
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J R Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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30
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Feng Q, Xu M, Yu YY, Hou Y, Mi X, Sun YX, Ma S, Zuo XY, Shao LL, Hou M, Zhang XH, Peng J. High-dose dexamethasone or all-trans-retinoic acid restores the balance of macrophages towards M2 in immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1845-1858. [PMID: 28682499 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Essentials M1/M2 imbalance is involved in many autoimmune diseases, and could be restored. The expressions and functions of M1 and M2 were investigated in an in vitro culture system. A preferred M1 polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). High-dose dexamethasone or all-trans-retinoic acid restores M1/M2 balance in ITP patients. SUMMARY Background Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder. Deficiency of immune tolerance in antigen-presenting cells and cross-communication between antigen-presenting cells and T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Macrophages can polarize into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes in response to different environmental stimuli, and have diverse immunologic functions. Objectives To investigate the M1/M2 imbalance in ITP and whether high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) or all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) could restore this imbalance. Methods The numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages in the spleens of ITP patients and patients with traumatic spleen rupture were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured and induced with cytokines and drugs. The expression of M1 and M2 markers and functions of M1 and M2 macrophages before and after modulation by HD-DXM or ATRA were evaluated with flow cytometry and ELISA. Results There was preferred M1 polarization in ITP spleens as compared with healthy controls. Monocyte-derived macrophages from ITP patients had increased expression of M1 markers and impaired immunosuppressive functions. Either HD-DXM or ATRA corrected this imbalance by decreasing the expression of M1 markers and increasing the expression of M2 markers. Moreover, HD-DXM-modulated or ATRA-modulated macrophages suppressed both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and expanded CD4+ CD49+ LAG3+ type 1 T-regulatory cells. HD-DXM or ATRA modulated macrophages to shift the T-cell cytokine profile towards Th2. Treating patients with HD-DXM or ATRA revealed that macrophages induced from responders showed a predominant M2-like phenotype and immunosuppressive function. Conclusions Aberrant macrophage polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Either HD-DXM or ATRA is able to correct this imbalance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dexamethasone/adverse effects
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/adverse effects
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tretinoin/adverse effects
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Y Y Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y X Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - S Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - X Y Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - L L Shao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - M Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
| | - J Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Mi X, Cady JV, Zajac DM, Deelman PW, Petta JR. Strong coupling of a single electron in silicon to a microwave photon. Science 2017; 355:156-158. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Mi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - J. V. Cady
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - D. M. Zajac
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - P. W. Deelman
- HRL Laboratories LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, CA 90265, USA
| | - J. R. Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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32
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Zhang C, Mi X, Tsuei J, Chung S, Rashid H, Janks E, Mendez J. Engaging Medical Students and Families of Children with Disabilities in Patient-Centered Education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xjep.2015.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Lü Y, Chen X, Cheng L, Mi X, Xu X, Deng W, Zhang Y, Wang N, Li J, Li Y, Wang X. Effects of JIP3 on epileptic seizures: Evidence from temporal lobe epilepsy patients, kainic-induced acute seizures and pentylenetetrazole-induced kindled seizures. Neuroscience 2015; 300:314-24. [PMID: 26002316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
JNK-interacting protein 3 (JIP3), also known as JNK stress-activated protein kinase-associated protein 1 (JSAP1), is a scaffold protein mainly involved in the regulation of the pro-apoptotic signaling cascade mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Overexpression of JIP3 in neurons in vitro has been reported to lead to accelerated activation of JNK and enhanced apoptosis response to cellular stress. However, the occurrence and the functional significance of stress-induced modulations of JIP3 levels in vivo remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of JIP3 in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in a kainic acid (KA)-induced mouse model of epileptic seizures, and determined whether down-regulation of JIP3 can decrease susceptibility to seizures and neuron damage induced by KA. We found that JIP3 was markedly increased in TLE patients and a mouse model of epileptic seizures; mice underexpressing JIP3 through lentivirus bearing LV-Letm1-RNAi showed decreased susceptibility, delayed first seizure and decreased seizure duration response to the epileptogenic properties of KA. Subsequently, a decreased activation of JNK following seizure induction was observed in mice underexpressing JIP3, which also exhibited less neuronal apoptosis in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, as assessed three days after KA administration. We also found that mice underexpressing JIP3 exhibited a delayed pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling seizure process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Fuling Central Hospital, Chongqing 408000, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Lü
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - W Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - N Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang N, Mi X, Gao B, Gu J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang X. Minocycline inhibits brain inflammation and attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2014; 287:144-56. [PMID: 25541249 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that brain inflammation mediated by glial cells may contribute to epileptogenesis. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline and has potent antiinflammatory effects independent of its antimicrobial action. The present study aimed to investigate whether minocycline could exert antiepileptogenic effects in a rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The temporal patterns of microglial and astrocytic activation were examined in the hippocampal CA1 and the adjacent cortex following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). These findings displayed that SE caused acute and persistent activation of microglia and astrocytes. Based on these findings, Minocycline was administered once daily at 45 mg/kg for 14 days following SE. Six weeks after termination of minocycline treatment, spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were recorded by continuous video monitoring. Minocycline inhibited the SE-induced microglial activation and the increased production of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the hippocampal CA1 and the adjacent cortex, without affecting astrocytic activation. In addition, Minocycline prevented the SE-induced neuronal loss in the brain regions examined. Moreover, minocycline significantly reduced the frequency, duration, and severity of SRS during the two weeks monitoring period. These results demonstrated that minocycline could mitigate SE-induced brain inflammation and might exert disease-modifying effects in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. These findings offer new insights into deciphering the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis and exploring a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - B Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - J Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.
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Tan G, Zhu N, Shi Z, Meng Z, Yu M, Li K, Yin J, Wei K, Mi X, Wang L. Anti-high mobility group box 1 (anti-HMGB1) antibodies are not related to the occurrence of cutaneous lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 44:150-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.928946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gao N, Yoon GS, Liu X, Mi X, Chen W, Standiford TJ, Yu FSX. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of differentially expressed genes in flagellin-pretreated mouse corneal epithelial cells in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: involvement of S100A8/A9. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:993-1005. [PMID: 23340821 PMCID: PMC3722258 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that pre-exposure of the cornea to Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin induces profound mucosal innate protection against infections by modifying gene expression. Taking advantage of easily procurable epithelial cell population, this study is the first report to use genome-wide cDNA microarray approach to document genes associated with flagellin-induced protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Infection altered the expression of 675 genes (497 up and 178 down), while flagellin pretreatment followed by infection resulted in a great increase in 890 gene upregulated and 37 genes downregulated. Comparing these two groups showed 209 differentially expressed genes (157 up, 52 down). Notably, among 114 genes categorized as defense related, S100A8/A9 are the two most highly induced genes by flagellin, and their expression in the corneal was confirmed by realtime PCR and immunohistochemistry. Neutralization of S100A8 and, to a less extent, A9, resulted in significantly increased bacterial burden and severe keratitis. Collectively, our study identifies many differentially expressed genes by flagellin in CECs in response to Pseudomonas. These novel gene expression signatures provide new insights and clues into the nature of protective mechanisms established by flagellin and new therapeutic targets for reducing inflammation and for controlling microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - G Sang Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St, Antoine Street, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St, Antoine Street, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Mi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - W Chen
- Genomic Core Lab of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - TJ Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - F-SX Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St, Antoine Street, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Dong X, Xu X, Miao J, Li L, Zhang D, Mi X, Liu C, Tian X, Melchinger AE, Chen S. Fine mapping of qhir1 influencing in vivo haploid induction in maize. Theor Appl Genet 2013; 126:1713-20. [PMID: 23539086 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of haploids by the in vivo haploid induction method has now become routine for generating new inbred lines in maize. In previous studies, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) (qhir1) located in bin 1.04 was detected, explaining up to 66 % of the genotypic variance for haploid induction rate (HIR). Our objectives were to (1) fine-map qhir1 and (2) identify closely linked markers useful for marker-assisted breeding of new inducers. For this purpose, we screened a mapping population of 14,375 F2 plants produced from a cross between haploid inducer UH400 and non-inducer line 1680 to identify recombinants. Based on sequence information from the B73 reference genome, markers polymorphic between the two parents were developed to conduct fine mapping with these recombinants. A progeny test mapping strategy was applied to accurately determine the HIR of the 14 recombinants identified. Furthermore, F3 progeny of recombinant F2 plants were genotyped and in parallel evaluated for HIR. We corroborated earlier studies in that qhir1 has both a significantly positive effect on HIR but also a strong selective disadvantage, as indicated by significant segregation distortion. Altogether, we were able to narrow down the qhir1 locus to a 243 kb region flanked by markers X291 and X263.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dong
- National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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Brown C, Burslem DFRP, Illian JB, Bao L, Brockelman W, Cao M, Chang LW, Dattaraja HS, Davies S, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN, Huang J, Kassim AR, Lafrankie JV, Lian J, Lin L, Ma K, Mi X, Nathalang A, Noor S, Ong P, Sukumar R, Su SH, Sun IF, Suresh HS, Tan S, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Valencia R, Yap SL, Ye W, Law R. Multispecies coexistence of trees in tropical forests: spatial signals of topographic niche differentiation increase with environmental heterogeneity. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130502. [PMID: 23782876 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral and niche theories give contrasting explanations for the maintenance of tropical tree species diversity. Both have some empirical support, but methods to disentangle their effects have not yet been developed. We applied a statistical measure of spatial structure to data from 14 large tropical forest plots to test a prediction of niche theory that is incompatible with neutral theory: that species in heterogeneous environments should separate out in space according to their niche preferences. We chose plots across a range of topographic heterogeneity, and tested whether pairwise spatial associations among species were more variable in more heterogeneous sites. We found strong support for this prediction, based on a strong positive relationship between variance in the spatial structure of species pairs and topographic heterogeneity across sites. We interpret this pattern as evidence of pervasive niche differentiation, which increases in importance with increasing environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brown
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK.
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Qiu L, Zhang L, Zhu L, Yang D, Li Z, Qin K, Mi X. PI3K/Akt mediates expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and activation of NF-kappaB in calyculin A-treated primary osteoblasts. Oral Dis 2009; 14:727-33. [PMID: 19193202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of calyculin A (CA), a serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor, on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in primary osteoblasts was investigated to determine whether protein phosphatases could affect primary osteoblasts and if so which signaling pathways would be involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary osteoblasts were prepared from newborn rat calvaria. Cells were treated with 1 nM CA for different time periods. The expressions of TNF-alpha and GAPDH mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. Cell extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and the activation of Akt and NF-kappaB were analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS Calyculin A-treatment markedly increased the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and enhanced the phosphorylation level of Akt (Ser473) in these cells. Pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 suppressed the increase in TNF-alpha mRNA expression and the phosphorylation of Akt in response to CA. Western blot analysis showed that CA stimulated the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in primary osteoblasts, and these responses were blocked by pretreatment with LY294002. CONCLUSION Calyculin A elicits activation of PI3K/Akt pathway which leads to expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and activation of NF-kappaB. This NF-kappaB activation involves both phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Jiang Y, Hirose S, Abe M, Sanokawa-Akakura R, Ohtsuji M, Mi X, Li N, Xiu Y, Zhang D, Shirai J, Hamano Y, Fujii H, Shirai T. Polymorphisms in IgG Fc receptor IIB regulatory regions associated with autoimmune susceptibility. Immunogenetics 2000; 51:429-35. [PMID: 10866109 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases involve multiple genes. While functions of these genes are largely unknown, some may be related to an intrinsic hyperresponsiveness of B cells. B-cell responses are controlled by signaling thresholds through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex. The B1 isoform of type II IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaRIIB1) is exclusively expressed on B cells and serves as a negative regulator for inhibiting BCR-elicited activation. Thus, its allelic variants associated with functional deficits could be examined for possible associations with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. We found that there are three types of polymorphisms in the reported FcgammaRIIB transcription regulatory regions in mouse strains. Compared to normal healthy mouse strains (group III), autoimmune disease-prone strains (group I) share three deletion sites: two in the promoter region and one in the third intron. Strains (group II) that per se are not autoimmune-prone, but have potentials to accelerate autoimmune diseases share two deletion sites in the third intron: one identical to that in group I and the other unique to group II. These polymorphisms correlated well with extents of down-regulation of FcgammaRIIB1 expression in germinal-center B cells upon stimulation with antigens and up-regulation of IgG antibody responses. Our data imply that these FcgammaRIIB polymorphisms are selected evolutionarily for natural defense against pathogens, and that such polymorphisms may, in turn, form the basis of one aspect of autoimmune susceptibility.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Germinal Center/cytology
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Jiang Y, Hirose S, Sanokawa-Akakura R, Abe M, Mi X, Li N, Miura Y, Shirai J, Zhang D, Hamano Y, Shirai T. Genetically determined aberrant down-regulation of FcgammaRIIB1 in germinal center B cells associated with hyper-IgG and IgG autoantibodies in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1685-91. [PMID: 10508186 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.10.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multigenic disease associated with IgG hypergammaglobulinemia, IgG anti-nuclear antibodies and immune complex (IC)-type glomerulonephritis. In both human and murine SLE, one susceptibility allele has been mapped to the interval linked to the IgG Fc receptor II (FcgammaRII) gene on chromosome 1. In spontaneous SLE models of NZB and (NZB x NZW) F(1) mice, expression of FcgammaRIIB1, which acts as a negative regulator for B cells, was abnormally down-regulated in follicular germinal center B cells from aged mice, compared to findings in non-SLE NZW, while levels in non-germinal center B cells were practically identical. Such strain differences were also evident in young mice upon in vivo stimulation with foreign antigens. In the FcgammaRIIB promoter region, the NZB allele has two deletion sites, including transcription factor-binding sites. Analyses using (NZB x NZW) F(1) x NZW backcross mice showed that this NZB allele was significantly linked to hyper-IgG, irrespective of the MHC haplotype, while high levels of IgG antibodies specific for DNA were regulated by a combinatorial effect of the F(1)-unique MHC haplotype and the NZB FcgammaRIIB allele. Therefore, the FcgammaRIIB promoter polymorphism may possibly predispose to SLE through germinal center B cells abnormally down-regulating FcgammaRIIB1 expression upon autoantigen stimulations and thus escaping negative signals for IgG production.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Alleles
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Base Sequence
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/immunology
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Genotype
- Germinal Center/cytology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA/analysis
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the gene for the Kit transmembrane receptor have been identified recently in human piebaldism and mouse "dominant spotting." Interestingly, all of the 14 known missense mutations that cause depigmentation in these species map to the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor, whereas none have involved the extracellular ligand-binding domain. In an attempt to detect these uncommon mutations, we screened the nine exons encoding the extracellular portion of Kit for single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP) in eight piebald subjects previously reported to be negative for kinase mutations. Four of these eight kindreds proved to carry novel mutations. The first mutation, found in two apparently unrelated probands with mild piebaldism and English ancestry, substitutes an arginine for a highly conserved cysteine at codon 136. This substitution disrupts a putative disulfide bond required for formation of the second Ig-like (D2) loop of the Kit ligand-binding domain. The second mutation, detected in a piebald kindred characterized by unusually limited depigmentation, substitutes a threonine for an alanine at codon 178, a site just proximal to conserved cysteines at codons 183 and 186. The third mutation, occurring in a kindred with more extensive depigmentation, is a novel four-base insertion in exon 2 that results in a proximal frameshift and premature termination. The data strongly suggest that piebaldism can result from missense mutations in the Kit ligand-binding domain, although the resulting phenotype may be milder than that observed for null or kinase mutations. The apparent clustering of these uncommon mutations at or near the conserved cysteines for the D2 Ig-like loop further suggests a critical role for this region in Kit receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Fleischman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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Fu P, Mi X, Yu Z, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Li X. Ultrafast modulation spectroscopy in a cascade three-level system. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:4867-4870. [PMID: 9912828 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Mi X, Song J. [Effects of injury to endothelial cells on the binding of t-PA to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1995; 24:156-8. [PMID: 7656381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) plays an important role in fibrinolysis. When t-PA is bound to endothelial cells (EC), its catalytic efficiency is increased and is prevented from being inhibited by its inhibitor PAI. In this paper, diamine was used to cause injury to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells by lipoperoxidation, and selenium was used as an anti-oxidant. Radioassay and autoradiography were used to detect the effects of injury on the binding ability of t-PA to EC. The results showed that the binding ability of t-PA to EC was reduced significantly after injury to EC by lipid peroxidation. Selenium could inhibit this reduction to a certain extent. It suggests that the decrease of fibrinolysis was related with the decrease of the binding ability of t-PA to EC after EC was injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang
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46
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He YX, Mi X. Ultrastructural observations on cercaria of Schistosoma japonicum. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1994; 25:501-8. [PMID: 7777916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present paper describes the ultrastructure of the surface topography, head organ, tegument, musculature, glandular system, primary alimentary tract and flame cells of the Chinese mainland strain of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria, as visualized with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The results not only illustrate the morphological features of the cercarial surface and its internal structure reflecting an adaptation to the aqueous habitat but also reveal the correlation between the morphological structure and physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X He
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai
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Fu P, Yu Z, Mi X, Li X, Jiang Q. Doppler-free ultrafast modulation spectroscopy with phase-conjugation geometry. Phys Rev A 1994; 50:698-708. [PMID: 9910940 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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48
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Yan D, Zhang J, He A, Mi X, Ge Y. Automatic extraction and registration of shock wave fronts from series interferograms of a flow field. Appl Opt 1994; 33:2121-2124. [PMID: 20885552 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Algorithms for extracting shock wave fronts from interferograms of a flow field and for registering time-series shock waves are proposed. Based on these, application software is developed on a PC-Vision 100 image-processing system. As application examples, interferograms of a primary high-explosive flow field and a real, solid rocket muzzle flow field are processed. The results indicate that the propagation velocity of the shock wave can be easily calculated with this method.
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Mi X, Yu Z, Jiang Q, Fu P. Time-delayed Raman-enhanced nondegenerate four-wave mixing with a broadband laser source. Phys Rev A 1993; 48:3203-3208. [PMID: 9909974 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was done to determine if reported declines in stroke mortality in the era before antihypertensive therapy are artifactual. METHODS This study involved analyses of national and state vital statistics data using adjusted and specific rates. RESULTS Adoption of the third revision of the International List of Causes of Death in 1921 produced an abrupt 6.6% decrease in stroke mortality rates, but otherwise, changes in disease classification systems had little effect on stroke mortality rates. Adoption of the second revision of the joint-cause manual produced a 9.2% drop in stroke death rates, but other revisions of the joint-cause selection rules had little effect. While rates for the expanding group of states in the death registration area progressively declined, rates for fixed component areas remained constant until around 1925 and then declined. Reselection of the underlying cause from aggregate multiple cause data for 1917, 1925, and 1940 using uniform selection rules confirmed a decline after 1925. Correlation analyses of rates of change for stroke and heart disease rates did not support a shift in diagnosis to explain the divergent trends. CONCLUSIONS The apparent decline in stroke mortality rates before 1925 is an artifact of changes in disease classification systems, joint-cause selection rules, and nonrandom incorporation of states with different mortality rates into the expanding registration area. The decline after 1925 could not be explained by changes in coding systems or joint-cause selection rules or by a shift in diagnosis from stroke to heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Lanska
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0084
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