Inflammation Triggers Chondrocyte Ferroptosis in TMJOA via HIF-1α/TFRC

Inflammation and loss of articular cartilage are considered the major cause of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), a painful condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To determine the cause of TMJ osteoarthritis in these patients, synovial fluid of TMJOA patients was compared prior to and after hyaluronic lavage, revealing substantially elevated levels of interleukin (IL) 1β, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), and an overload of Fe3+ and Fe2+ prior to lavage, indicative of ferroptosis as a mode of chondrocyte cell death. To ask whether prolonged inflammatory conditions resulted in ferroptosis-like transformation in vitro, we subjected TMJ chondrocytes to IL-1β treatment, resulting in a shift in messenger RNA sequencing gene ontologies related to iron homeostasis and oxidative stress-related cell death. Exposure to rat unilateral anterior crossbite conditions resulted in reduced COL2A1 expression, fewer chondrocytes, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) downregulation, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) upregulation, an effect that was reversed after intra-articular injections of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin 1 (Fer-1). Our study demonstrated that ferroptosis conditions affected mitochondrial structure and function, while the inhibitor Fer-1 restored mitochondrial structure and the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) or the transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) rescued IL-1β-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Inhibition of HIF-1α downregulated IL-1β-induced TFRC expression, while inhibition of TFRC did not downregulate IL-1β-induced HIF-1α expression in chondrocytes. Moreover, inhibition of HIF-1α or TFRC downregulated the IL-1β-induced MMP13 expression in chondrocytes, while inhibition of HIF-1α or TFRC rescued IL-1β-inhibited COL2A1 expression in chondrocytes. Furthermore, upregulation of TFRC promoted Fe2+ entry into chondrocytes, inducing the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation, which in turn caused ferroptosis, a disruption in chondrocyte functions, and an exacerbation of condylar cartilage degeneration. Together, these findings illustrate the far-reaching effects of chondrocyte ferroptosis in TMJOA as a mechanism causing chondrocyte death through iron overload, oxidative stress, and articular cartilage degeneration and a potential major cause of TMJOA.

[Clinical features and follow-up study on 55 patients with adolescence-onset methylmalonic acidemia]

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and outcomes of adolescence-onset methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and explore preventive strategies. Methods: This was a retrospective case analysis of the phenotypes, genotypes and prognoses of adolescence-onset MMA patients. There were 55 patients diagnosed in Peking University First Hospital from January 2002 to June 2023, the data of symptoms, signs, laboratory results, gene variations, and outcomes was collected. The follow-ups were done through WeChat, telephone, or clinic visits every 3 to 6 months. Results: Among the 55 patients, 31 were males and 24 were females. The median age of onset was 12 years old (range 10-18 yearsold). They visited clinics at Tanner stages 2 to 5 with typical secondary sexual characteristics. Nine cases (16%) were trigged by infection and 5 cases (9%) were triggered by insidious exercises. The period from onset to diagnosis was between 2 months and 6 years. Forty-five cases (82%) had neuropsychiatric symptoms as the main symptoms, followed by cardiovascular symptoms in 12 cases (22%), kidney damage in 7 cases (13%), and eye disease in 12 cases (22%). Fifty-four cases (98%) had the biochemical characteristics of methylmalonic acidemia combined with homocysteinemia, and 1 case (2%) had the isolated methylmalonic acidemia. Genetic diagnosis was obtained in 54 cases, with 20 variants identified in MMACHC gene and 2 in MMUT gene. In 53 children with MMACHC gene mutation,1 case had dual gene variants of PRDX1 and MMACHC, with 105 alleles. The top 5 frequent variants in MMACHC were c.482G>A in 39 alleles (37%), c.609G>A in 17 alleles (16%), c.658_660delAAG in 11 alleles (10%), c.80A>G in 10 alleles (10%), c.567dupT and c.394C>T both are 4 alleles (4%). All patients recovered using cobalamin, L-carnitine, betaine, and symptomatic therapy, and 54 patients (98%) returned to school or work. Conclusions: Patients with adolescence-onset MMA may triggered by fatigue or infection. The diagnosis is often delayed due to non-specific symptoms. Metabolic and genetic tests are crucial for a definite diagnosis. Treatment with cobalamin, L-carnitine, and betaine can effectively reverse the prognosis of MMA in adolescence-onset patients.

[Detection of EWSR1 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization in bone and soft tissue tumors: clinical application evaluation and atypical signal analysis]

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of EWSR1 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in bone and soft tissue tumors and to analyze the cases with atypical signal pattern. Methods: The cases detected for EWSR1 gene rearrangement by FISH in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2014 to 2021 were collected, and the value of detecting EWSR1 gene rearrangement for diagnosing bone and soft tissue tumors was analyzed. The cases with atypical positive signals were further analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: FISH using EWSR1 break-apart probe kit was successfully performed in 97% (205/211) of cases, 6 cases failed. Four of the 6 failures were due to improper decalcification, 1 case due to signal overlap caused by thick slices, and 1 case due to signal amplification and disorder. EWSR1 gene rearrangements were positive in 122 cases (122/205, 59%), atypical positive signal in 8 cases (8/205, 4%), and negative in 75 cases (75/205, 37%). In cases testing positive, the percentage of positive cells ranged from 34% to 98%, with 120 cases (120/122, 98%) showing a positive cell percentage greater than 50%. Among the 205 successfully tested cases, 156 cases were histologically diagnosed as Ewing's sarcoma, of which 110 were positive (110/156, 71%), 7 were atypical positive (7/156, 4%), and 39 were negative (39/156, 25%). Nine cases were histologically diagnosed as clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue, of which 6 were positive (6/9), 1 was atypical positive (1/9), and 2 were negative (2/9). Five cases were histologically diagnosed as extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, of which 2 were positive (2/5) and 3 were negative (3/5). Three cases were histologically diagnosed as angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, of which 2 were positive (2/3) and 1 was negative (1/3). Two cases were histologically diagnosed as myoepithelioma of soft tissue, of which 1 was positive (1/2) and 1 was negative (1/2). One case was histologically diagnosed as olfactory neuroblastoma with a positive result. The 29 other tumor cases including osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and malignant melanoma and others were all negative. Basing on histology as the standard for diagnosis and considering atypical positive cases as negative, comparing with the 29 cases of other tumors as control group, the sensitivity for diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma through the detection of EWSR1 gene rearrangement was 71%, and the specificity was 100%; the sensitivity for diagnosing clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue was 67%, and the specificity was 100%; the sensitivity for diagnosing extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma was 40%, and the specificity was 100%; the sensitivity for diagnosing angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma was 67%, and the specificity was 100%; the sensitivity for diagnosing myoepithelioma of soft tissue was 50%, and the specificity was 100%; the sensitivity for diagnosing olfactory neuroblastoma was 100%, and the specificity was 100%. Four of 8 cases with atypical positive signals analyzed by NGS showed EWSR1 rearrangement, including EWSR1::FLI1 in one case of Ewing sarcoma, EWSR1::NFATC2 in one case of EWSR1::NFATC2-rearranged sarcoma, EWSR1::ATF1 in one case of clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue and EWSR1::NR4A3 in one case of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Conclusions: Detection of EWSR1 rearrangement by FISH is of utmost significance in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors. Cases with atypical positive signals should be further scrutinized, correlating with their histomorphology and verifying by NGS if necessary.

"Very early" intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (≤ 2.0 cm): MRI manifestation and prognostic potential

AIMS

To explore the MRI characteristics and clinical outcome of the "very early" intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) ≤2.0cm.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Totally 213 pathologically confirmed iCCAs (44 ≤ 2.0cm and 169 of 2.0-5.0cm) from two institutes were included. Forty-four matching non-iCCA malignancies ≤2.0cm were also enrolled. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was estimated and compared between iCCAs ≤2.0cm and 2.0-5.0cm. MRI features were analyzed and compared between iCCAs ≤2.0cm and 2.0-5.0cm, as well as between iCCAs ≤2.0cm and non-iCCAs ≤2.0cm. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify independent imaging features for discrimination. An MRI-based diagnostic model for iCCA ≤2.0cm was constructed by incorporating the independent imaging features.

RESULTS

ICCAs ≤2.0cm had a significantly longer RFS than those of 2.0-5.0cm (log rank P=0.014). Imaging features of homogeneous signal (odds ratio (OR) = 6.677, P<0.001) and lack of vessel invasion (OR=7.56, P<0.001) were more frequently displayed in iCCAs ≤2.0cm compared to iCCAs of 2.0-5.0cm independently. In the small lesions ≤2.0cm, imaging features of progressive or persistent enhancement pattern (OR=27.78, P=0.002) and rim diffusion restriction (OR=5.70, P=0.027) were independent imaging features suggestive of iCCA over non-iCCA malignancy; their combination yielded an area under the curve value of 0.824, with a sensitivity of 97.73%.

CONCLUSION

The "very early" iCCA ≤2.0cm was associated with a favorable outcome after surgery, it displayed different and relatively atypical imaging manifestations compared with those of 2.0-5.0cm. Furthermore, in the small lesions ≤ 2.0cm, MRI can be served as a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool for iCCA in clinical screening with high sensitivity.

Cognitive impairment and neurocognitive profiles among people living with HIV and HIV-negative individuals older over 50 years: a comparison of IHDS, MMSE and MoCA

We aimed to examine the l differences in the assessment of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) using cognitive screening tools between PLWH and HIV-negative individuals and further compare the neurocognitive profiles between the two groups. This was baseline evaluation of Pudong HIV Aging Cohort, including 465 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 465 HIV-negative individuals aged over 50 years matched by age (± 3 years), sex and education. NCI was assessed using the Chinese version of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and Beijing version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In total, 258 (55.5%), 91 (19.6%), 273 (58.7%) of PLWH were classified as having NCI by the IHDS, MMSE and MoCA, compared to 90 (19.4%), 25 (5.4%), 135 (29.0%) of HIV-negative individuals, respectively (p < 0.05); such associations remained significant in multivariable analysis. PLWH showed a larger overlap of NCI detected by IHDS, MMSE, and MoCA. IHDS and MoCA detected almost all of the NCI detected by MMSE. IHDS-motor and psychomotor speeds and MoCA-executive function showed the greatest disparities between two groups. In multivariable analysis, older age and more depressive symptoms were positively associated with NCI regardless of the screening tools or HIV serostatus. PLWH over 50 years old display a higher prevalence of NCI and distinct neurocognitive profiles compared to HIV-negative individuals, despite viral suppression. Given the more considerable overlap in NCI classification in PLWH, it is advisable to choose one screening tool such as IHDS or MoCA to identify those potentially having NCI and then refer to more comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.

Determination of Spin-Parity Quantum Numbers of X(2370) as 0^{-+} from J/ψ→γK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η^{'}

Based on (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η^{'} is performed. The mass and width of the X(2370) are measured to be 2395±11(stat)_{-94}^{+26}(syst)  MeV/c^{2} and 188_{-17}^{+18}(stat)_{-33}^{+124}(syst)  MeV, respectively. The corresponding product branching fraction is B[J/ψ→γX(2370)]×B[X(2370)→f_{0}(980)η^{'}]×B[f_{0}(980)→K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}]=(1.31±0.22(stat)_{-0.84}^{+2.85}(syst))×10^{-5}. The statistical significance of the X(2370) is greater than 11.7σ and the spin parity is determined to be 0^{-+} for the first time. The measured mass and spin parity of the X(2370) are consistent with the predictions of the lightest pseudoscalar glueball.

Synonymous mutations in TLR2 and TLR9 genes decrease COPD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population

INTRODUCTION

Previous studies have found associations between polymorphisms in some candidate genes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk. However, the association between TLR2 and TLR9 polymorphisms and COPD risk remains uncertain.

METHODS

Four variants (rs352140, rs3804099, rs3804100, and rs5743705) of the TLR2 and TLR9 genes in 540 COPD patients and 507 healthy controls were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY system. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association of TLR2 and TLR9 polymorphisms with COPD risk by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

TLR9-rs352140, TLR2-rs3804100, and TLR2-rs5743705 were related to a lower risk of COPD among Chinese people and the significance still existed after Bonferroni correction. Additionally, rs3804099, rs3804100, and rs352140 were found to be associated with COPD development in different subgroups (males, age ≤ 68 years, smokers, BMI < 24 kg/m2, and acute exacerbation).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicated that TLR9 and TLR2 polymorphisms had protective effects on the development of COPD among Chinese people.

Fulminant type 1 diabetes with Shock rescue: a case report

The shock in diabetes often requires rapid and adequate fluid administration, however, we report an anomalous case of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) in which the patient's condition worsened following fluid administration. In May 2020, a 29-year-old male presented with blood glucose of 89.8 mmol/L and diabetic ketoacidosis after a week of gastroenteritis. The diagnosis was finalized after C-peptide and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement. The patient was admitted with shock and received a positive fluid balance of 2800 ml in 5 h, but his condition deteriorated and progressed to multi-organ failure. This study attempts to explain the possible mechanisms and focuses on high-risk factors associated with FT1DM. Therefore, meticulous monitoring and individualized fluid administration strategies are crucial for the management of FT1DM. This case provides beneficial insights for clinical treatment of this condition.

Emergence of Long-Range Angular Correlations in Low-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions

This Letter presents the measurement of near-side associated per-trigger yields, denoted ridge yields, from the analysis of angular correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. Long-range ridge yields are extracted for pairs of charged particles with a pseudorapidity difference of 1.4<|Δη|<1.8 and a transverse momentum of 1 Collapse

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Establishment of a pMCAO model in SD rats and screening for behavioral indicators suitable for long-term monitoring

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to establish a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model in rats to simulate the pathological process of stroke patients with no reperfusion. And screen highly sensitive items that could be used to detect long-term behavioral abilities in rat of intraluminal suture models.

METHOD

Established the pMCAO model then tested the rats for the bilateral asymmetry, modified neurological severity score, grid-walking, cylinder, rotating, and water maze test from week 1 to week 16.

RESULTS

The infarct volume of the model rats was stable (26.72% ±1.86%). The sensorimotor test of bilateral asymmetry, grid-walking, cylinder, and mNSS test showed significant differences from week 1 to week 16 after injury. The water maze test at week 16 showed significant differences in spatial exploration and learning ability between the two groups. We confirmed that there was no significant difference between MRI and TTC staining in detecting the degree of brain injury, which facilitated the diversity of subsequent detection methods. We also confirmed that at multiple time points, grid, cylinder and water maze test were significantly positively correlated with rat brain infarct volume.

CONCLUSION

They are suitable for the long-term observation of behaviors in the sequela stage of stroke in rat.

First Measurement of the |t| Dependence of Incoherent J/ψ Photonuclear Production

The first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons as a function of the Mandelstam |t| variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, |y|<0.8, using ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-x range (0.3-1.4)×10^{-3}. Cross sections are given in five |t| intervals in the range 0.04<|t|<1  GeV^{2} and compared to the predictions by different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a |t| dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data.

Observation of Structures in the Processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2}

We present measurements of the Born cross sections for the processes e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} and ωχ_{c2} at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s] from 4.308 to 4.951 GeV. The measurements are performed with data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.0  fb^{-1} collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider storage ring. Assuming the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c2} signals come from a single resonance, the mass and width are determined to be M=(4413.6±9.0±0.8)  MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(110.5±15.0±2.9)  MeV, respectively, which is consistent with the parameters of the well-established resonance ψ(4415). In addition, we also use one single resonance to describe the e^{+}e^{-}→ωχ_{c1} line shape and determine the mass and width to be M=(4544.2±18.7±1.7)  MeV/c^{2} and Γ=(116.1±33.5±1.7)  MeV, respectively. The structure of this line shape, observed for the first time, requires further understanding.

Coupled-Channel Analysis of the χ_{c1}(3872) Line Shape with BESIII Data

We perform a study of the χ_{c1}(3872) line shape using the data samples of e^{+}e^{-}→γχ_{c1}(3872), χ_{c1}(3872)→D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0}, and π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ collected with the BESIII detector. The effects of the coupled channels and the off-shell D^{*0} are included in the parametrization of the line shape. The line shape mass parameter is obtained to be M_{X}=(3871.63±0.13_{-0.05}^{+0.06})  MeV. Two poles are found on the first and second Riemann sheets corresponding to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} branch cut. The pole location on the first sheet is much closer to the D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0} threshold than the other, and is determined to be 7.04±0.15_{-0.08}^{+0.07}  MeV above the D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}π^{0} threshold with an imaginary part -0.19±0.08_{-0.19}^{+0.14}  MeV.

Observation of the Anomalous Shape of X(1840) in J/ψ→γ3(π^{+}π^{-}) Indicating a Second Resonance Near pp[over ¯] Threshold

Using a sample of (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events, which is about 45 times larger than that was previously analyzed, a further investigation on the J/ψ→γ3(π^{+}π^{-}) decay is performed. A significant distortion at 1.84  GeV/c^{2} in the line shape of the 3(π^{+}π^{-}) invariant mass spectrum is observed for the first time, which could be resolved by two overlapping resonant structures, X(1840) and X(1880). The new state X(1880) is observed with a statistical significance larger than 10σ. The mass and width of X(1880) are determined to be 1882.1±1.7±0.7  MeV/c^{2} and 30.7±5.5±2.4  MeV, respectively, which indicates the existence of a pp[over ¯] bound state.

Use of Interfacial Interactions and Complexation of Carbon Dots to Construct Ultra-Robust and Efficient Photothermal Film From Micro-Carbonized Polysaccharides

Solar energy conversion technologies, particularly solar-driven photothermal conversion, are both clean and manageable. Although much progress has been made in designing solar-driven photothermal materials, significant challenges remain, not least the photobleaching of organic dyes. To tackle these issues, micro-carbonized polysaccharide chains, with carbon dots (CDs) suspended from the chains, are conceived, just like grapes or tomatoes hanging from a vine. Carbonization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produces just such a structure (termed CMC-g-CDs), which is used to produce an ultra-stable, robust, and efficient solar-thermal film by interfacial interactions within the CMC-g-CDs. The introduction of the CDs into the matrix of the photothermal material effectively avoided the problem of photobleaching. Manipulating the interfacial interactions (such as electrostatic interactions, van der Waals interactions, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding) between the CDs and the polymer chains markedly enhances the mechanical properties of the photothermal film. The CMC-g-CDs are complexed with Fe3+ to eliminate leakage of the photothermal reagent from the matrix and to solve the problem of poor water resistance. The resulting film (CMC-g-CDs-Fe) has excellent prospects for practical application as a photothermal film.

Study of the f_{0}(980) and f_{0}(500) Scalar Mesons through the Decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}

Using e^{+}e^{-} collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33  fb^{-1} recorded by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, we present an analysis of the decay D_{s}^{+}→π^{+}π^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}, where the D_{s}^{+} is produced via the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*±}D_{s}^{∓}. We observe the f_{0}(980) in the π^{+}π^{-} system and the branching fraction of the decay D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e} with f_{0}(980)→π^{+}π^{-} measured to be (1.72±0.13_{stat}±0.10_{syst})×10^{-3}, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The dynamics of the D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(980)e^{+}ν_{e} decay are studied with the simple pole parametrization of the hadronic form factor and the Flatté formula describing the f_{0}(980) in the differential decay rate, and the product of the form factor f_{+}^{f_{0}}(0) and the c→s Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| is determined for the first time to be f_{+}^{f_{0}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.504±0.017_{stat}±0.035_{syst}. Furthermore, the decay D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e} is searched for the first time but no signal is found. The upper limit on the branching fraction of D_{s}^{+}→f_{0}(500)e^{+}ν_{e}, f_{0}(500)→π^{+}π^{-} decay is set to be 3.3×10^{-4} at 90% confidence level.

The association between serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase in cancer patients

The role of serum albumin (ALB) has been extensively studied in patients with cancer; however, research on its effect on bone metastasis in these patients remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum ALB and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in patients with tumors. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018, we assessed the correlation between serum ALB and ALP levels using a weighted multivariate linear regression model, whereas a weighted generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting were used to address potential nonlinearities. A total of 1876 patients with cancer were included in our study. In the subgroup analysis stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and liver disease, the negative correlation of ALB with ALP remained for most groups, except in blacks (β = -1.755, 95%CI: [-3.848, 0.338], P = .103) and patients with gout (β = -0.676, 95%CI: [-2.061, 0.709], P = .340). In black people and patients with gout, the relationship between ALB and ALP showed an inverted U-shaped curve, with an inflection point at approximately 42 g/dL. Our study showed an inverse correlation between ALB and ALP levels in most patients with tumors, but not in black patients and those with gout. The measurement of ALB levels can serve as a screening tool for bone metastases while guiding therapeutic intervention strategies.

Observation of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} in the Amplitude Analysis of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η

We perform for the first time an amplitude analysis of the decay D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η and report the observation of the decay D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} using 2.93  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector. As the only W-annihilation-free decay among D to a_{0}(980) pseudoscalar, D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} is the ideal decay in extracting the contributions of the W-emission amplitudes involving a_{0}(980) and to study the final-state interactions. The absolute branching fraction of D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η is measured to be (1.27±0.04_{stat}±0.03_{syst})%. The branching fractions of intermediate processes D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}a_{0}(980)^{+} with a_{0}(980)^{+}→π^{+}η and D^{+}→π^{+}K[over ¯]_{0}^{*}(1430)^{0} with K[over ¯]_{0}^{*}(1430)^{0}→K_{S}^{0}η are measured to be (1.33±0.05_{stat}±0.04_{syst})% and (0.14±0.03_{stat}±0.01_{syst})%, respectively.

Observation of Significant Flavor-SU(3) Breaking in the Kaon Wave Function at 12<Q^{2}<25 GeV^{2} and Discovery of the Charmless Decay ψ(3770)→K_{S}^{0}K_{L}^{0}

We present cross sections for the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→K_{S}^{0}K_{L}^{0} at center-of-mass energies ranging from 3.51 to 4.95 GeV using data samples collected in the BESIII experiment, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 26.5  fb^{-1}. The ratio of neutral-to-charged kaon form factors at large momentum transfers (12 Collapse

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Stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage for primary pontine hemorrhage: Clinical outcomes and predictive model

Primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) is a particularly grave form of hemorrhagic stroke, characterized by its significant mortality rate. stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage is a procedure that has been shown to improve the prognosis of patients with PPH. However, there are currently no established criteria for selecting patients for this procedure. We contrasted the clinical outcomes of PPH patients treated with stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage with those who received conservative treatment in this study. We conducted logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative mortality. A mortality risk nomogram was then constructed using these risk factors. A total of 127 conservatively treated patients and 96 patients who underwent stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage were included in this study. In the surgical group, the 30-day mortality rate stood at 28.1%, significantly lower than the 43.3% observed in the control group (p = 0.02). Age, along with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and hematoma size, were identified as independent risk factors associated with death within 30 days post-surgery. The mortality risk nomogram was well calibrated and discriminatory, with a c-index of 0.878 (95% CI 0.80-0.95) as validated by bootstrapping, and a c-index of 0.849. This study provides a predictive model for selecting patients who are most likely to benefit from stereotactic hematoma puncture and drainage. The results of this study could be helpful to neurosurgeons in their decision-making process. However, further external validation is necessary to confirm these findings.

[Clinical, imaging and pathological and molecular characteristics of simple bone cyst]

Objective: To investigate the radiologic, pathologic, and molecular features of simple bone cysts (SBC), and their differential diagnoses. Methods: Fourteen cases of SBC were collected at the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2017 to 2022, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed for retrospective analysis. Results: There were 14 patients, including 7 females and 7 males, with age range of 7 to 45 (median 29) years. The most common complaint was pain, including 4 cases with pathological fracture and 5 with history of previous trauma. The tumor size ranged from 3.4 to 13.5 (median 5.6) cm. The lesion involved the femur (n=4), humerus (n=5) and iliac bone (n=5). Radiologic diagnoses included SBC, aneurysmal bone cyst, and giant cell tumor of the bone or its combination with aneurysmal bone cyst-like region and fibrous dysplasia. Histologically, the cyst walls of the lesions were composed of fibrous tissue, fibrin-like collagen deposits, bone-like matrix and occasional woven bone. The lesional cells were spindled to ovoid, with scattered osteoclast-like giant cells, foamy histiocytes, hemosiderin deposits and cholesterol clefts. In 6 cases there were nodular fasciitis-like areas. Immunohistochemically, the spindled to ovoid cells were positive for SMA, EMA and SATB2 in varying degrees. FISH detection was performed in all 14 cases and EWSR1/FUS rearrangement were found in 9 cases. One case of FUS::NFATC2 fusion was detected by next-generation sequencing. Nine cases of SBC with the rearrangement were more cellular, and there were more mitotic figures in the recurrent FUS::NFATC2 fusion tumor. Clinical follow-up was obtained in all 14 cases with the time ranging from 5 to 105 (mean 46) months. Amongst them, the tumor with FUS::NFATC2 rearrangement had local recurrence twice after the first local excision, but had no more recurrence or metastasis 34 months after the subsequent segmental resection. The other 13 cases had no recurrence. Conclusions: EWSR1 or FUS rearrangement is most commonly identified in SBC, suggesting that SBC might be a neoplastic disease. In cases where the radiologic appearance and histomorphology are difficult to differentiate from aneurysmal bone cyst, FISH detection can aid in the definitive diagnosis.

Investigation of the ΔI=1/2 Rule and Test of CP Symmetry through the Measurement of Decay Asymmetry Parameters in Ξ^{-} Decays

Using (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, numerous Ξ^{-} and Λ decay asymmetry parameters are simultaneously determined from the process J/ψ→Ξ^{-}Ξ[over ¯]^{+}→Λ(pπ^{-})π^{-}Λ[over ¯](n[over ¯]π^{0})π^{+} and its charge-conjugate channel. The precisions of α_{Λ0} for Λ→nπ^{0} and α[over ¯]_{Λ0} for Λ[over ¯]→n[over ¯]π^{0} compared to world averages are improved by factors of 4 and 1.7, respectively. The ratio of decay asymmetry parameters of Λ→nπ^{0} to that of Λ→pπ^{-}, ⟨α_{Λ0}⟩/⟨α_{Λ-}⟩, is determined to be 0.873±0.012_{-0.010}^{+0.011}, where the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The ratio is smaller than unity more than 5σ, which signifies the existence of the ΔI=3/2 transition in Λ for the first time. Besides, we test for CP symmetry in Ξ^{-}→Λπ^{-} and in Λ→nπ^{0} with the best precision to date.

[Detection of MDM2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and its diagnostic value in low-grade osteosarcoma]

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of detecting MDM2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in low-grade osteosarcoma (LGOS). Methods: Thirty cases of parosteal osteosarcoma (POS) and 14 cases of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS) from April 2009 to August 2022 at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were analyzed for the presence of MDM2 gene amplification by FISH. Fifty-eight additional cases were used as negative controls (including 28 cases of fibrous dysplasia, 5 cases of giant cell tumor, 4 cases of conventional osteosarcoma, 2 cases each of periosteal osteosarcoma, reparative changes after fracture, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, fibrous dysplasia with malignant transformation, one case each of leiomyosarcoma, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, desmoplastic fibroma of bone, solitary fibrous tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, clear cell chondrosarcoma, osteofibrous dysplasia, and 3 cases of unclassified spindle cell tumor). Results: Among the 30 patients with POS, 15 were male and 15 were female, ranging in age from 10 to 59 years (mean 35 years, median 30.5 years). Among the 14 patients with LGCOS, four were male and 10 were female, ranging in age from 15 to 56 years (mean 37 years, median 36 years). All except one case were successfully detected by FISH. MDM2 gene amplification was detected in 27 cases of POS (27/29,91.3%) and 8 cases of LGCOS (8/14). All the negative controls were negative for MDM2 gene amplification. The positive rate of MDM2 gene amplification was significantly different between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MDM2 gene amplification in diagnosing POS and LGCOS were 91.3% and 100.0%; and 57.1% and 100.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MDM2 gene amplification in diagnosing LGOS (including POS and LGCOS) were 81.3% and 100.0%, respectively. In cases where MDM2 gene was amplified, the MDM2 amplified signal was clustered. Nine cases showed increased CEP12 signal different from polyploidy which was displayed as small and weak signal points or cloud flocculent and cluster signals. Conclusions: Detection of MDM2 gene amplification by FISH is a highly sensitive and specific marker for LGOS. The interpretation criteria for FISH detection of MDM2 amplification are currently not unified. The signal characteristics need more attention when interpreting.

Evaluation of vaccine effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children using a meta-analysis approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Relevant studies on the use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children were identified through computerized searches. VE-related indicators were extracted, and data analysis was performed using the R software with the meta-package.

RESULTS

This study included a total of 12 relevant articles involving 9,963,732 participants from multiple centers in different countries, including the United States, Canada, Singapore, Israel, South Korea, and Qatar. The administered vaccine types included BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. Participants were categorized into partially immunized (one dose of vaccine) and fully immunized (two doses of vaccine). Four articles reported VE after one dose of vaccine, while 12 reported VE after two doses. Heterogeneity analysis indicated significant heterogeneity among the studies, warranting the use of a random-effects model for analysis. Meta-analysis results revealed that the VE of partial immunization ranged from 16.61 (95% CI: 6.32-25.77) to 34.30 (95% CI: 24.21-43.04), with a pooled VE of 22.80 (95% CI: 15.68-29.32). The VE after full immunization ranged from 16.14 (95% CI: 14.42-17.83) to 90.47 (95% CI: 67.42-97.21), with a pooled VE of 56.17 (95% CI: 41.12-67.37). Meta-regression analysis showed no statistically significant correlation between VE and time (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Both partial and full immunization of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine provide benefits in reducing infection rates. VE varies over time and is closely associated with viral mutations and waning immunity. The specific mechanisms require further investigation.

Observation of D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ}, Precision Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}l^{+}ν_{l}, and First Measurements of D_{s}^{+}→η^{(')}μ^{+}ν_{μ} Decay Dynamics

By analyzing 7.33  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the observation of the semileptonic decay D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ}, with a statistical significance larger than 10σ, and the measurements of the D_{s}^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ} decay dynamics for the first time. The branching fractions of D_{s}^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}μ^{+}ν_{μ} are determined to be (2.235±0.051_{stat}±0.052_{syst})% and (0.801±0.055_{stat}±0.028_{syst})%, respectively, with precision improved by factors of 6.0 and 6.6 compared to the previous best measurements. Combined with the results for the decays D_{s}^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e} and D_{s}^{+}→η^{'}e^{+}ν_{e}, the ratios of the decay widths are examined both inclusively and in several ℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ} four-momentum transfer ranges. No evidence for lepton flavor universality violation is found within the current statistics. The products of the hadronic form factors f_{+,0}^{η^{(')}}(0) and the c→s Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cs}| are determined. The results based on the two-parameter series expansion are f_{+,0}^{η}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.452±0.010_{stat}±0.007_{syst} and f_{+,0}^{η^{'}}(0)|V_{cs}|=0.504±0.037_{stat}±0.012_{syst}, which help to constrain present models on f_{+,0}^{η^{(')}}(0). The forward-backward asymmetries are determined to be ⟨A_{FB}^{η}⟩=-0.059±0.031_{stat}±0.005_{syst} and ⟨A_{FB}^{η^{'}}⟩=-0.064±0.079_{stat}±0.006_{syst} for the first time, which are consistent with the theoretical calculation.

Determination of the Σ^{+} Timelike Electromagnetic Form Factors

Based on data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the process e^{+}e^{-}→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-} is studied at center-of-mass energies sqrt[s]=2.3960, 2.6454, and 2.9000 GeV. Using a fully differential angular description of the final state particles, both the relative magnitude and phase information of the Σ^{+} electromagnetic form factors in the timelike region are extracted. The relative phase between the electric and magnetic form factors is determined to be sinΔΦ=-0.67±0.29(stat)±0.18(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.3960  GeV, ΔΦ=55°±19°(stat)±14°(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.6454  GeV, and 78°±22°(stat)±9°(syst) at sqrt[s]=2.9000  GeV. For the first time, the phase of the hyperon electromagnetic form factors is explored in a wide range of four-momentum transfer. The evolution of the phase along with four-momentum transfer is an important input for understanding its asymptotic behavior and the dynamics of baryons.

Digital transformation, productive services agglomeration and innovation performance

Innovation is a necessary guarantee for sustainable development. Stepping into the digital age, digital transformation has triggered the innovation revolution. This paper takes 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022 as the research sample, we verify whether digital transformation has improved innovation performance. Based on the Solow growth model and agglomeration economics theory, we also explore the moderating role and threshold effect of agglomeration in productive service industry between digital transformation and innovation performance. To achieve this, we apply the methods of machine learning and text analysis to construct an evaluation index of regional digital transformation and measure it. The paper finds that China's digital transformation index is increasing, but there is a digital divide between regions. We also determine that digital transformation significantly and positively contributes to the level of innovation performance. Considering the threshold effect of agglomeration in productive service industry, the impact of digital transformation on innovation performance exhibits non-linear characteristics, As the level of agglomeration continues to exceed the threshold, the innovation-driven effect of digital transformation increases. The research results help clarify the relationship between digital transformation and innovation performance, and provide favorable policy directions for regional governments to identify digital divides and make reasonable industrial layouts. Thus, it can promote the construction of digital China and innovation power, injecting strong innovation force into the realization of SDGs.

[Hemodynamic changes with serial balloon pulmonary angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]

Objective: To monitor hemodynamic changes during serial balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods: General clinical data of CTEPH patients diagnosed from October 2017 to January 2022 in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were collected, and 83 patients who underwent at least 1 BPA treatment were included to analyze their 6 min walking distance, WHO functional class, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), troponin I (cTnI) and haemodynamic indices. Baseline and follow-up after the final BPA clinical data and hemodynamics, functional status and serial hemodynamics before each series of BPA were collected to evaluate the efficacy of BPA for CTEPH patients. Complications and managements were documented to confirm the safety of BPA for CTEPH patients. Results: Three hundred and forty BPA procedures were performed in 83 CTEPH patients. The median number of BPA procedures was 4.0 and a total of 2104 vessels were dilated. In general, mPAP [from 50.0(42.0-55.25) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to 32.0(27.0-42.0) mmHg, P<0.001], PVR[from (806.6±323.2) dyn·s·cm-5 to 420.0(295.0-613.5) dyn·s·cm-5, P<0.001] were significantly improved compared with baseline, but not CO and CI. Functional parameters including WHO functional class Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ (from 0/35/34/14 to 43/32/7/1, P<0.001), 6MWD [from 364.5(300.0-429.5)m to 461.0(409.0-501.0)m, P<0.001], NT-proBNP [from 1 357.0(232.0-2 715.0) ng/L to 141.0(57.0-627.8) ng/L,P<0.001] were significantly improved compared with baseline. A cumulative (compared to baseline) and serial (compared to preceding BPA session) analysis of the sequential BPA session confirmed that a major hemodynamic improvement in PVR and mPAP occurred in the first 3 serial BPA treatments. There was a dose-response relationship: the more segments that were treated, the greater were the subsequent reduction in PVR and mPAP. There were 32.0 complications (9.4%) associated with BPA procedures, and the most common complication was pulmonary hemorrhage caused by catheter-related vascular injury. Conclusions: BPA is an effective and safe alternative for technically non-operable CTEPH patients. The hemodynamic benefits of BPA in CTEPH patients were cumulative and correlated with the total number of vessels successfully dilated.

Polymicrobial Infection Induces Adipose Tissue Dysfunction via Gingival Extracellular Vesicles

Recent studies have indicated that periodontitis promotes metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance by affecting the function of white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the mechanisms linking periodontitis to adipose tissue dysfunction still need to be explored. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver messages to distal sites and regulate their function. Also, recent studies have shown that periodontitis changes the composition of EVs in body fluids and that EVs might be one of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between periodontitis and insulin resistance. Herein, we explored the impact of polymicrobial oral infection with periodontal pathogens on the function of WAT and the role of gingival EVs (gEVs) in the process. Mice were subjected to oral inoculation with 109 Porphyromonas gingivalis and 108 Fusobacterium nucleatum every other day for 14 wk. This prolonged bacterial infection induced WAT dysfunction, characterized by reduced levels of AKT phosphorylation, adiponectin, leptin, and genes associated with adipogenesis and lipogenesis. We successfully isolated gEVs with satisfactory yield and purity. The RNA sequencing results showed that the differentially expressed microRNAs in the gEVs of mice with polymicrobial oral infection were involved in insulin signaling and adipose tissue function. Notably, our in vitro experiments and RNA sequencing results revealed the functional similarities between gEVs and plasma-derived EVs. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection with gEVs derived from mice with oral infection induced the dysfunction of WAT in healthy mice. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the influence of polymicrobial oral infection on WAT function and propose gEVs as a novel pathway through which periodontal infection may exert its effects on WAT.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the dynamics and heterogeneity of lymph node immune cells during acute and chronic viral infections

Introduction

The host immune response determines the differential outcome of acute or chronic viral infections. The comprehensive comparison of lymphoid tissue immune cells at the single-cell level between acute and chronic viral infections is largely insufficient.

Methods

To explore the landscape of immune responses to acute and chronic viral infections, single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq), scTCR-seq and scBCR-seq were utilized to evaluate the longitudinal dynamics and heterogeneity of lymph node CD45+ immune cells in mouse models of acute (LCMV Armstrong) and chronic (LCMV clone 13) viral infections.

Results

In contrast with acute viral infection, chronic viral infection distinctly induced more robust NK cells and plasma cells at the early stage (Day 4 post-infection) and acute stage (Day 8 post-infection), respectively. Moreover, chronic viral infection exerted decreased but aberrantly activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) at the acute phase. Simultaneously, there were significantly increased IgA+ plasma cells (MALT B cells) but differential usage of B-cell receptors in chronic infection. In terms of T-cell responses, Gzma-high effector-like CD8+ T cells were significantly induced at the early stage in chronic infection, which showed temporally reversed gene expression throughout viral infection and the differential usage of the most dominant TCR clonotype. Chronic infection also induced more robust CD4+ T cell responses, including follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and regulatory T cells (Treg). In addition, chronic infection compromised the TCR diversity in both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.

Discussion

In conclusion, gene expression and TCR/BCR immune repertoire profiling at the single-cell level in this study provide new insights into the dynamic and differential immune responses to acute and chronic viral infections.

ψ(2S) Suppression in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC

The production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, in the dimuon decay channel. A significant signal was observed for the first time at LHC energies down to zero transverse momentum, at forward rapidity (2.5 Collapse

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First Measurement of the Decay Asymmetry in the Pure W-Boson-Exchange Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Ξ^{0}K^{+}

Based on 4.4  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at the center-of-mass energies between 4.60 and 4.70 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the pure W-boson-exchange decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Ξ^{0}K^{+} is studied with a full angular analysis. The corresponding decay asymmetry is measured for the first time to be α_{Ξ^{0}K^{+}}=0.01±0.16(stat)±0.03(syst). This result reflects the noninterference effect between the S- and P-wave amplitudes. The phase shift between S- and P-wave amplitudes has two solutions, which are δ_{p}-δ_{s}=-1.55±0.25(stat)±0.05(syst)  rad or 1.59±0.25(stat)±0.05(syst)  rad.

What is the impact of ferroptosis on diabetic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review

Iron overload increases the production of harmful reactive oxygen species in the Fenton reaction, which causes oxidative stress in the body and lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane, and eventually leads to ferroptosis. Diabetes is associated with increased intracellular oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, microRNA alterations, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which cause cardiac remodeling and cardiac diastolic contractile dysfunction, leading to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). While these factors are also closely associated with ferroptosis, more and more studies have shown that iron-mediated ferroptosis is an important causative factor in DCM. In order to gain fresh insights into the functions of ferroptosis in DCM, this review methodically summarizes the traits and mechanisms connected with ferroptosis and DCM.

Global, regional, and national trends in osteoarthritis disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019: a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to investigate global, regional, and national trends in osteoarthritis disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019, identify the burden of osteoarthritis in different age groups, and assess age, period, and cohort effects on osteoarthritis DALYs.

STUDY DESIGN

A comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data, covering 204 countries and territories.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive analysis using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, encompassing 204 countries and territories. Age-standardized DALY rates were calculated, and the age-period-cohort model was employed to examine the age, period, and cohort effects on osteoarthritis DALYs. The annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were estimated to evaluate trends in DALYs.

RESULTS

Globally, osteoarthritis DALYs increased by 114.48 % between 1990 and 2019, with an age-standardized DALY rate growth of 3.3 %. The largest relative growth in DALYs occurred in Middle and Low-middle Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions. DALYs increased significantly in almost all age-specific groups, particularly among 45-74 years old age groups. Age, period, and cohort effects analysis revealed a general increase in osteoarthritis DALYs risk over time, with some variations by SDI quintiles and sex. The steepest increase in DALYs occurred in the 30-34 years age group, and the trend attenuated with increasing age. Males showed significantly slower DALYs growth than females in age groups with non-overlapping 95 % confidence intervals. Age effects were consistently higher in females, especially in high-SDI countries. Period and cohort effects generally demonstrated a climbing risk of osteoarthritis DALYs across different SDI quintiles, with more pronounced increases in lower-SDI regions.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings highlight the substantial and increasing burden of osteoarthritis at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019, with significant variations by age, period, and cohort. These results underscore the importance of developing targeted public health strategies and interventions to address the growing impact of osteoarthritis, particularly in lower-SDI regions and among older populations.

Measurement and analysis of leakage neutron spectra from Lead slab samples with D-T neutrons

The leakage neutron spectra from three different sizes of Lead samples were measured by a TOF technique at 60° and 120°. The essential characteristic properties of the experimental measurement spectra can be reproduced well by MCNP code simulations with the ENDF/B-VIII.0, CENDL-3.2, JENDL-5.0, JEFF-3.3 and TENDL-2021 evaluated nuclear data libraries. The calculated results of JENDL-5.0 and JEFF-3.3 libraries agree better with the experimental data in the whole energy range. The results from ENDF/B-VIII.0 and CENDL-3.2 are overestimated in the 4-9 MeV range at 60° and in the 4-12.5 MeV range at 120°. The differences of the leakage neutron spectra by MCNP simulations using five evaluated nuclear data libraries mainly originate from the differences of the spectrum distributions of neutron reaction channels in these libraries. And the secondary neutron energy distribution and angular distribution from the five libraries have been present to explain it.

Incidence, clearance, and factors associated with anal human papilloma virus infection among men with HIV

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to estimate the incidence and persistence/clearance of anal human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and related factors among men with HIV in Taizhou, China.

DESIGN

A prospective cohort study.

METHODS

Men with HIV were recruited and followed up from 2016 to 2021. Questionnaire surveys were used to collect social-demographic and behavioral characteristics, and anal swabs were collected for HPV Genotyping.

RESULTS

A total of 675 men with HIV were recruited and followed up. After an average follow-up time of 1.75 years, HPV39 (3.8/100 person-years), HPV52 (3.6/100 person-years), HPV51 (3.1/100 person-years), HPV58 (2.5/100 person-years) and HPV16 (2.4 cases/100 person-years) in the high-risk types showed the highest incidence rate. In marriage with woman [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20-0.99] showed an inverse association with HPV incidence, while bisexuality or undetermined sexual orientation (aHR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.08-6.36) showed a positive association. For those infected at baseline, the top three high-risk HPV with the lowest clearance density were HPV52 (32.2/100 person-years), HPV58 (38.1/100 person-years), and HPV16 (43.5/100 person-years). Daily consumption of 1-28 g alcohol (aHR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.95) showed an inverse association with HPV clearance, while illicit drug use (aHR = 3.24, 95% CI 1.59-6.59) showed a positive association.

CONCLUSION

Anal HPV infection and clearance were both active in men with HIV in China. Marriage status and sexuality were associated with the incidence of HPV infection, while substance use including alcohol and illicit drug were associated with HPV clearance. More studies are needed to explore the risk factors of HPV persistence.

Acetylation is required for full activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome

Full activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome needs two sequential signals: a priming signal, followed by a second, assembly signal. Several studies have shown that the two signals trigger post-translational modification (PTM) of NLRP3, affecting activity of the inflammasome, however, the PTMs induced by the second signal are less well characterized. Here, we show that the assembly signal involves acetylation of NLRP3 at lysine 24, which is important for the oligomerization and the actual assembly of NLRP3 without affecting its recruitment to dispersed trans-Golgi network (dTGN). Accordingly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is impaired in NLRP3-K24R knock-in mice. We identify KAT5 as an acetyltransferase able to acetylate NLRP3. KAT5 deficiency in myeloid cells and pharmacological inhibition of KAT5 enzymatic activity reduce activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study reveals a key mechanism for the oligomerization and full activation of NLRP3 and lays down the proof of principle for therapeutic targeting of the KAT5-NLRP3 axis.

Pathogenicity and Interspecies Transmission of Cluster 3 Tembusu Virus Strain TMUV HQ-22 Isolated from Geese

Since 2010, the Tembusu virus (TMUV) has been highly prevalent in China, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. In 2022, a suspected outbreak of TMUV occurred at a goose farm located in Anhui Province. A strain of TMUV, TMUV HQ-22, was isolated from the infected geese. Phylogenetic analysis using the E gene of the HQ-22 strain demonstrated its affiliation with cluster 3, a less commonly reported cluster in comparison to the main circulating cluster, cluster 2. Through a comparison of the envelope (E) protein of HQ-22 with other typical TMUV strains, a mutation at the 157th amino acid position was identified, wherein valine (V) in cluster 3 changed to alanine (A), a characteristic that is unique to cluster 2. These findings highlight the diversity and complexity of the TMUV strains circulating in China. In our experimental analysis, an injection of TMUV HQ-22 into the muscles of 3-day-old goslings resulted in severe neurological symptoms and a mortality rate of 60%. Similarly, the intracranial or intranasal infection of 3-week-old ICR mice with TMUV HQ-22 led to severe neurological symptoms and respective mortality rates of 100% or 10%. In summary, our study isolated a TMUV strain, TMUV HQ-22, from geese that belongs to cluster 3 and exhibits significant pathogenicity in both goslings and ICR mice. These results emphasize the genetic diversity of the TMUV circulating in China and expand the host range beyond mosquitoes to include ducks, chickens, geese, and even mice. It is crucial to not underestimate the risk of TMUV infection in mammals, warranting our utmost attention.

[Evaluating the efficiency of endoscope-assisted septo-rhinoplasty via intranasal approach]

Objective: To observe the functional and esthetic results of endoscope-assisted septo-rhinoplasty via intranasal approach. Methods: The clinical data of 12 patients with septal deviation and nasal deformity in the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were analyzed, including 8 males and 4 females, aging 28 to 58 years. All patients were operated under general anesthesia. The septal deviation was corrected by hemitransfixion incision, combined with intercartilaginous incision and other intranasal or extranasal incisions to perform osteotomy, hump resection and saddle nose correction. Patient satisfaction with postoperative functional and aesthetic improvements was assessed through Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).SPSS 25 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The correction of nasal septum deviation was satisfactory in all 12 patients. Nasal obstruction was relieved, with NOSE score and VAS score of nasal ventilation decreased [(21.67±10.30) vs (70.83±14.12), (1.83±1.03) vs (8.33±0.89), t value was 9.49 and 16.30, respectively, both P<0.05]. The nasal appearance of 10 patients with crooked nose deformity was improved, with ROE score and VAS score of nasal appearance increased [(21.30±2.31) vs (8.10±3.31), (8.90±0.99) vs (3.80±1.62), t value was -11.85 and -9.33, respectively, both P<0.05];The nasal vestibule morphology of 2 patients with abnormal nasal vestibule was improved. During the follow-up of 12 to 24 months, no postoperative complication such as nasal septum perforation, nasal cavity adhesion or nasal dorsal collapse occurred in all patients. Conclusion: Endoscope-assisted septo-rhinoplasty via intranasal approach can resolve both functional and esthetic problems at the same time, improving outcomes while reducing surgical trauma.

Preoperative splenic area as a prognostic biomarker of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND

The correlation between the preoperative splenic area measured on CT scans and the overall survival (OS) of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains unclear.

METHODS

A retrospective discovery cohort and validation cohort consisting of consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent resection and preoperative CT scans were created. The patients were divided into two groups based on the measurement of their preoperative splenic area: normal and abnormal. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyse the correlation between splenic area and OS.

RESULTS

The discovery and validation cohorts included 2532 patients (1374 (54.27%) males; median (IQR) age 59 (52-66) years) and 608 patients (403 (66.28%) males; age 69 (62-76) years), respectively. Patients with a normal splenic area had a 6% higher 5-year OS (n = 727 (80%)) than patients with an abnormal splenic area (n = 1805 (74%)) (p = 0.007) in the discovery cohort. A similar result was obtained in the validation cohort. In the univariable analysis, the OS hazard ratios (HRs) for the patients with abnormal splenic areas were 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.61) in the discovery cohort and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.50) in the validation cohort. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that abnormal splenic area was independent of shorter OS in the discovery (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.63) and validation cohorts (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.02).

CONCLUSION

Preoperative CT measurements of the splenic area serve as a prognostic indicator for early-stage NSCLC patients, offering a novel metric with potential implications for personalized therapeutic strategies in top-tier oncology research.

Test of CP Symmetry in Hyperon to Neutron Decays

The quantum entangled J/ψ→Σ^{+}Σ[over ¯]^{-} pairs from (1.0087±0.0044)×10^{10}  J/ψ events taken by the BESIII detector are used to study the nonleptonic two-body weak decays Σ^{+}→nπ^{+} and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→n[over ¯]π^{-}. The CP-odd weak decay parameters of the decays Σ^{+}→nπ^{+} (α_{+}) and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→n[over ¯]π^{-} (α[over ¯]_{-}) are determined to be 0.0481±0.0031_{stat}±0.0019_{syst} and -0.0565±0.0047_{stat}±0.0022_{syst}, respectively. The decay parameter α[over ¯]_{-} is measured for the first time, and the accuracy of α_{+} is improved by a factor of 4 compared to the previous results. The simultaneously determined decay parameters allow the first precision CP symmetry test for any hyperon decay with a neutron in the final state with the measurement of A_{CP}=(α_{+}+α[over ¯]_{-})/(α_{+}-α[over ¯]_{-})=-0.080±0.052_{stat}±0.028_{syst}. Assuming CP conservation, the average decay parameter is determined as ⟨α_{+}⟩=(α_{+}-α[over ¯]_{-})/2=-0.0506±0.0026_{stat}±0.0019_{syst}, while the ratios α_{+}/α_{0} and α[over ¯]_{-}/α[over ¯]_{0} are -0.0490±0.0032_{stat}±0.0021_{syst} and -0.0571±0.0053_{stat}±0.0032_{syst}, where α_{0} and α[over ¯]_{0} are the decay parameters of the decays Σ^{+}→pπ^{0} and Σ[over ¯]^{-}→p[over ¯]π^{0}, respectively.

Measurements of Groomed-Jet Substructure of Charm Jets Tagged by D^{0} Mesons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

Understanding the role of parton mass and Casimir color factors in the quantum chromodynamics parton shower represents an important step in characterizing the emission properties of heavy quarks. Recent experimental advances in jet substructure techniques have provided the opportunity to isolate and characterize gluon emissions from heavy quarks. In this Letter, the first direct experimental constraint on the charm-quark splitting function is presented, obtained via the measurement of the groomed shared momentum fraction of the first splitting in charm jets, tagged by a reconstructed D^{0} meson. The measurement is made in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, in the low jet transverse-momentum interval of 15≤p_{T}^{jet ch}<30  GeV/c where the emission properties are sensitive to parton mass effects. In addition, the opening angle of the first perturbative emission of the charm quark, as well as the number of perturbative emissions it undergoes, is reported. Comparisons to measurements of an inclusive-jet sample show a steeper splitting function for charm quarks compared with gluons and light quarks. Charm quarks also undergo fewer perturbative emissions in the parton shower, with a reduced probability of large-angle emissions.

Measurement of Energy-Dependent Pair-Production Cross Section and Electromagnetic Form Factors of a Charmed Baryon

We study the process e^{+}e^{-}→Λ_{c}^{+}Λ[over ¯]_{c}^{-} at twelve center-of-mass energies from 4.6119 to 4.9509 GeV using data samples collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross sections and effective form factors (|G_{eff}|) are determined with unprecedented precision after combining the single and double-tag methods based on the decay process Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+}. Flat cross sections around 4.63 GeV are obtained and no indication of the resonant structure Y(4630), as reported by Belle, is found. In addition, no oscillatory behavior is discerned in the |G_{eff}| energy dependence of Λ_{c}^{+}, in contrast to what is seen for the proton and neutron cases. Analyzing the cross section together with the polar-angle distribution of the Λ_{c}^{+} baryon at each energy point, the moduli of electric and magnetic form factors (|G_{E}| and |G_{M}|) are extracted and separated. For the first time, the energy dependence of the form factor ratio |G_{E}/G_{M}| is observed, which can be well described by an oscillatory function.

Using Machine Learning Methods to Assess Lymphovascular Invasion and Survival in Breast Cancer: Performance of Combining Preoperative Clinical and MRI Characteristics

BACKGROUND

Preoperative assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in invasive breast cancer (IBC) is of high clinical relevance for treatment decision-making and prognosis.

PURPOSE

To investigate the associations of preoperative clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics with LVI and disease-free survival (DFS) by using machine learning methods in patients with IBC.

STUDY TYPE

Retrospective.

POPULATION

Five hundred and seventy-five women (range: 24-79 years) with IBC who underwent preoperative MRI examinations at two hospitals, divided into the training (N = 386) and validation datasets (N = 189).

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE

Axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence and dynamic contrast-enhanced with fat-suppressed T1-weighted three-dimensional gradient echo imaging.

ASSESSMENT

MRI characteristics (clinical T stage, breast edema score, MRI axillary lymph node status, multicentricity or multifocality, enhancement pattern, adjacent vessel sign, and increased ipsilateral vascularity) were reviewed independently by three radiologists. Logistic regression (LR), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were used to establish the models by combing preoperative clinical and MRI characteristics for assessing LVI status in the training dataset, and the methods were further applied in the validation dataset. The LVI score was calculated using the best-performing of the four models to analyze the association with DFS.

STATISTICAL TESTS

Chi-squared tests, variance inflation factors, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank, Cox regression, and intraclass correlation coefficient were performed. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The model established by the XGBoost algorithm had better performance than LR, SVM, and KNN models, achieving an AUC of 0.832 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.789, 0.876) in the training dataset and 0.838 (95% CI: 0.775, 0.901) in the validation dataset. The LVI score established by the XGBoost model was an independent indicator of DFS (adjusted HR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.22-5.80).

DATA CONCLUSION

The XGBoost model based on preoperative clinical and MRI characteristics may help to investigate the LVI status and survival in patients with IBC.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Association of Insomnia, Sleep Quality, and Sleep Duration With Risk of Physical Frailty in Middle-aged and Older People With HIV

Background

Frailty is one of the major concerns among aging people with HIV (PWH). Evidence regarding the association between sleep disorders and physical frailty in PWH is limited.

Methods

PWH and HIV-negative individuals aged ≥40 years were included and frequency-matched in a 1:2 ratio by sex and age. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of the association between sleep disorders and physical frailty, and restricted cubic splines were used to describe the dose-response association. The contribution of depression to the association was estimated by mediation analysis.

Results

A total of 1526 PWH and 3052 HIV-negative individuals were included. Logistic regression indicated that insomnia (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.63-5.72) and poor sleep quality (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.21-4.45) were significantly associated with physical frailty in middle-aged and older PWH, especially in those with current CD4+ T-cell counts <350 cells/µL, but not in HIV-negative participants. A U-shaped and J-shaped dose-response relation between sleep duration and physical frailty was observed in PWH and HIV-negative participants, respectively. Shorter and longer sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of physical frailty in PWH. However, in HIV-negative participants, only longer sleep duration was associated with physical frailty. Mediation analysis revealed that depression mediated the relation between sleep disorders and frailty among PWH.

Conclusions

Sleep disorders including insomnia, poor sleep quality, and short and long sleep duration were significantly associated with physical frailty among middle-aged and older PWH. Depression may play a mediating role in the sleep-frailty association.

A nomogram risk prediction model for poor outcome of primary brainstem hemorrhage based on clinical data and radiographic features

OBJECTIVE

Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is a devastating acute neurological disorder with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with poor outcomes in PBSH patients and develop a novel nomogram for predicting prognosis, with external validation.

METHODS

A total of 379 patients with PBSH were included in the training cohort. The primary outcome of interest was a modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) of 4-6 at 90 days post-onset. Multivariable logistic regression was used to construct a nomogram based on relevant variables. Model performance was tested in the training cohort and externally validated for discriminatory ability, calibration, and clinical utility at a separate institution. The nomogram was also compared to the ICH score in terms of predictive ability.

RESULTS

The poor outcome rate at 90 days was 57.26% (217/379) in the training cohort and 61.27% (106/173) in the validation cohort. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and hematoma size as significant risk factors for poor outcomes. Nomograms based on these variables demonstrated good discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.855 and 0.836 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, the nomogram showed superior predictive value to the ICH score for the 90-day outcome in both cohorts.

CONCLUSION

This study developed and externally validated a nomogram risk prediction model for predicting poor outcomes at 90 days in patients with PBSH, using age, GCS score, and hematoma size as predictors. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination, calibration, and clinical validity, serving as a valuable assessment and decision-making tool.