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O’Lone C, Juhász A, Nye-Wood M, Moody D, Dunn H, Ral JP, Colgrave ML. Advancing Sustainable Malting Practices: Aquaporins as Potential Breeding Targets for Improved Water Uptake during Controlled Germination of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:10149-10161. [PMID: 38635353 PMCID: PMC11066872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The conversion of raw barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to malt requires a process of controlled germination, where the grain is submerged in water to raise the moisture content to >40%. The transmembrane proteins, aquaporins, influence water uptake during the initial stage of controlled germination, yet little is known of their involvement in malting. With the current focus on sustainability, understanding the mechanisms of water uptake and usage during the initial stages of malting has become vital in improving efficient malting practices. In this study, we used quantitative proteomics analysis of two malting barley genotypes demonstrating differing water-uptake phenotypes in the initial stages of malting. Our study quantified 19 transmembrane proteins from nine families, including seven distinct aquaporin isoforms, including the plasma intrinsic proteins (PIPs) PIP1;1, PIP2;1, and PIP2;4 and the tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) TIP1;1, TIP2;3, TIP3;1, and TIP3;2. Our findings suggest that the presence of TIP1;1, TIP3;1, and TIP3;2 in the mature barley grain proteome is essential for facilitating water uptake, influencing cell turgor and the formation of large central lytic vacuoles aiding storage reserve hydrolysis and endosperm modification efficiency. This study proposes that TIP3s mediate water uptake in malting barley grain, offering potential breeding targets for improving sustainable malting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare
E. O’Lone
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
- Agriculture
and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, Black
Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell Nye-Wood
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Moody
- InterGrain
Pty Ltd, Bibra
Lake 6163, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hugh Dunn
- Pilot
Malting Australia, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Ral
- Agriculture
and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, Black
Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
- Agriculture
and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, St Lucia 4067, Queensland, Australia
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Bughio KS, Cook DM, Shah SAA. Developing a Novel Ontology for Cybersecurity in Internet of Medical Things-Enabled Remote Patient Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2804. [PMID: 38732910 PMCID: PMC11086146 DOI: 10.3390/s24092804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
IoT has seen remarkable growth, particularly in healthcare, leading to the rise of IoMT. IoMT integrates medical devices for real-time data analysis and transmission but faces challenges in data security and interoperability. This research identifies a significant gap in the existing literature regarding a comprehensive ontology for vulnerabilities in medical IoT devices. This paper proposes a fundamental domain ontology named MIoT (Medical Internet of Things) ontology, focusing on cybersecurity in IoMT (Internet of Medical Things), particularly in remote patient monitoring settings. This research will refer to similar-looking acronyms, IoMT and MIoT ontology. It is important to distinguish between the two. IoMT is a collection of various medical devices and their applications within the research domain. On the other hand, MIoT ontology refers to the proposed ontology that defines various concepts, roles, and individuals. MIoT ontology utilizes the knowledge engineering methodology outlined in Ontology Development 101, along with the structured life cycle, and establishes semantic interoperability among medical devices to secure IoMT assets from vulnerabilities and cyberattacks. By defining key concepts and relationships, it becomes easier to understand and analyze the complex network of information within the IoMT. The MIoT ontology captures essential key terms and security-related entities for future extensions. A conceptual model is derived from the MIoT ontology and validated through a case study. Furthermore, this paper outlines a roadmap for future research, highlighting potential impacts on security automation in healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom S. Bughio
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.M.C.); (S.A.A.S.)
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Altamimi AAH, Robinson M, Alenezi EMA, Choi RSM, Brennan-Jones CG. The Impact of Early-Life Recurrent Otitis Media in Children on the Psychological Well-Being of Caregivers. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1445-1449. [PMID: 37565701 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Children with early-life recurrent otitis media (OM) will often endure pain, sleep disturbances, and other developmental setbacks that impact the surrounding family system. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological well-being and family functioning of caregivers of children with early-life recurrent OM (rOM). METHODS Data from a longitudinal pregnancy cohort were used to categorize children into two groups: those with a history of recurrent OM (rOM group) and those without a history of rOM (reference group) by the age of 3 years. The psychological well-being of caregivers and the family functioning status were assessed using the Affect Balance Scale and the General Functioning Scale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD-GF), respectively, at the three-, five-, and eight-year follow-up appointments. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the data and were adjusted for potential confounding variables. RESULTS There were significant associations between having a child with an early history of rOM and the Affect Balance Scale of caregivers for the negative affects subscale at the three- (p < 0.001) and five- (p = 0.018) year follow-ups, and the Affect Balance subscale at the three-year (p = 0.007) and the five-year follow-ups (p = 0.047). There were no significant associations measured during the 8-year follow-up period for the FAD-GF. CONCLUSION The findings of this study further highlight the impact of caring for a child with rOM in early childhood on caregivers' psychological well-being in the first five years of a child's life. The impact, however, did not appear to influence the longer-term functioning of the family as a whole. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:1445-1449, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A H Altamimi
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eman M A Alenezi
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Robyn S M Choi
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Audiology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Christopher G Brennan-Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Audiology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Alenezi EMA, Robinson M, McKinnon EJ, Calder SD, Veselinović T, Richmond PC, Eikelboom RH, Brennan-Jones CG. Impact of ventilation tube insertion on long-term language outcomes at 6 and 10 years of age: A prospective pregnancy cohort study. Clin Otolaryngol 2024; 49:191-198. [PMID: 37944558 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigating the impact of early childhood ventilation tube insertion (VTI) on long-term language outcomes. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING A total of 2900 pregnant women participated in the Raine Study between 1989 and 1991 in Western Australia, and 2868 children have been followed up. PARTICIPANTS Based on parental reports, 314 children had a history of recurrent otitis media but did not undergo VTI (rOM group); another 94 received VTI (VTI group); while 1735 had no history of rOM (reference group) in the first 3 years of childhood. Children with data on outcomes and confounders were included in analyses of PPVT-R at ages 6 (n = 1567) and 10 years (n = 1313) and CELF-III at 10 years (n = 1410) (approximately 5% in the VTI group and 15% in the rOM group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised edition and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals® Preschool-3. RESULTS At 6 years, mean PPVT-R scores were significantly lower in the VTI group than the reference group (β = -3.3; 95% CI [-6.5 to -0.04], p = .047). At 10 years, while the difference between the VTI and reference groups was less pronounced for PPVT-R scores, there was a small but consistent trend of lower measures, on average, across CELF-III scores (expressive: β = -3.4 [-7.1 to 0.27], p = .069; receptive: β = -4.1 [-7.9 to -0.34], p = .033; total: β = -3.9 [-7.5 to -0.21], p = .038). There was no evidence to suggest that language outcomes in the rOM group differed from the reference group. CONCLUSION Lower scores of language outcomes in school-aged children who received VTI in early childhood may suggest a long-term risk which should be considered alongside the potential benefits of VTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M A Alenezi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J McKinnon
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel D Calder
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, nipaluna/Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tamara Veselinović
- The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter C Richmond
- The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christopher G Brennan-Jones
- The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Woodiss-Field A, Johnstone MN, Haskell-Dowland P. Examination of Traditional Botnet Detection on IoT-Based Bots. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1027. [PMID: 38339743 PMCID: PMC10857205 DOI: 10.3390/s24031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A botnet is a collection of Internet-connected computers that have been suborned and are controlled externally for malicious purposes. Concomitant with the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), botnets have been expanding to use IoT devices as their attack vectors. IoT devices utilise specific protocols and network topologies distinct from conventional computers that may render detection techniques ineffective on compromised IoT devices. This paper describes experiments involving the acquisition of several traditional botnet detection techniques, BotMiner, BotProbe, and BotHunter, to evaluate their capabilities when applied to IoT-based botnets. Multiple simulation environments, using internally developed network traffic generation software, were created to test these techniques on traditional and IoT-based networks, with multiple scenarios differentiated by the total number of hosts, the total number of infected hosts, the botnet command and control (CnC) type, and the presence of aberrant activity. Externally acquired datasets were also used to further test and validate the capabilities of each botnet detection technique. The results indicated, contrary to expectations, that BotMiner and BotProbe were able to detect IoT-based botnets-though they exhibited certain limitations specific to their operation. The results show that traditional botnet detection techniques are capable of detecting IoT-based botnets and that the different techniques may offer capabilities that complement one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Woodiss-Field
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; (A.W.-F.); (M.N.J.)
- Security Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Michael N. Johnstone
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; (A.W.-F.); (M.N.J.)
- Security Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Paul Haskell-Dowland
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; (A.W.-F.); (M.N.J.)
- Security Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
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Ng PTT, Tucker K, Zahir SF, Izatt MT, Straker L, Claus A. Comparison of physiological and behavioral nutrition-related factors in people with and without adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, from cohort data at 8 to 20 years. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad013. [PMID: 38505221 PMCID: PMC10945716 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition-related variables including lower body mass index (BMI), lower bone mineral density (BMD), altered body composition and hormone levels have been reported in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aims of this study were to determine if physiological and behavioral nutrition-related factors differ between people with and without AIS, and to quantify their relationship with AIS, in unbiased cohort sample. BMI, presence of an eating disorder, leptin, adiponectin, BMD, vitamin D, lean mass, and fat mass were compared between those with and without AIS at ages 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20 years, and multiple logistic regression was performed between these variables and AIS. Lower total body BMD (median, 1.0 g/cm2 vs 1.1 g/cm2; p = .03) and lean mass (median, 38.8 kg vs 46.0 kg; p = .04) at age 20 years were observed in those with AIS compared to those without scoliosis. At age 20, the odds of AIS were 3.23 times higher for adolescents with an eating disorder compared to those with no eating disorder (95% CI, 1.02-8.63) when adjusted for BMI. Every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI decreased the odds of AIS by 0.88 times (95% CI, 0.76-0.98), after adjusting for eating disorder diagnosis. In conclusion, lower BMI in mid-adolescence and presence of eating disorder outcomes, lower BMD, and lower lean mass in late adolescence were associated with the presence of AIS. Current data do not explain the mechanisms for these associations but suggest that serum leptin, adiponectin, and vitamin D are unlikely to be contributing factors. Conclusive determination of the prevalence of eating disorders in AIS will require further studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe T T Ng
- The University of Queensland, Laboratory for Motor Control and Pain Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Physiotherapy Department, 229899, Singapore
| | - Kylie Tucker
- The University of Queensland, Laboratory for Motor Control and Pain Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Syeda Farah Zahir
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Woolloongabba, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T Izatt
- Queensland University of Technology at the Centre for Children’s Health Research, Biomechanics and Spine Research Group, South Brisbane, 4101, QLD, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- Curtin University, School of Allied Health, Perth, 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Claus
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Tess Cramond Pain and Research Centre, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
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Nuzzo JL, Pinto MD, Nosaka K, Steele J. Maximal Number of Repetitions at Percentages of the One Repetition Maximum: A Meta-Regression and Moderator Analysis of Sex, Age, Training Status, and Exercise. Sports Med 2024; 54:303-321. [PMID: 37792272 PMCID: PMC10933212 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The maximal number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of the one repetition maximum (1RM) [REPS ~ %1RM relationship] is foundational knowledge in resistance exercise programming. The current REPS ~ %1RM relationship is based on few studies and has not incorporated uncertainty into estimations or accounted for between-individuals variation. Therefore, we conducted a meta-regression to estimate the mean and between-individuals standard deviation of the number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of 1RM. We also explored if the REPS ~ %1RM relationship is moderated by sex, age, training status, and/or exercise. A total of 952 repetitions-to-failure tests, completed by 7289 individuals in 452 groups from 269 studies, were identified. Study groups were predominantly male (66%), healthy (97%), < 59 years of age (92%), and resistance trained (60%). The bench press (42%) and leg press (14%) were the most commonly studied exercises. The REPS ~ %1RM relationship for mean repetitions and standard deviation of repetitions were best described using natural cubic splines and a linear model, respectively, with mean and standard deviation for repetitions decreasing with increasing %1RM. More repetitions were evident in the leg press than bench press across the loading spectrum, thus separate REPS ~ %1RM tables were developed for these two exercises. Analysis of moderators suggested little influences of sex, age, or training status on the REPS ~ %1RM relationship, thus the general main model REPS ~ %1RM table can be applied to all individuals and to all exercises other than the bench press and leg press. More data are needed to develop REPS ~ %1RM tables for other exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Matheus D Pinto
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, UK
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Altamimi AAH, Robinson M, Alenezi EMA, Veselinović T, Choi RSM, Brennan‐Jones CG. Recurrent otitis media and behaviour problems in middle childhood: A longitudinal cohort study. J Paediatr Child Health 2024; 60:12-17. [PMID: 37961922 PMCID: PMC10952300 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the long-term effects of early-life recurrent otitis media (OM) and subsequent behavioural problems in children at the age of 10 years. METHODS Data from the Raine Study, a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, were used to categorise children into those with three or more episodes of OM (rOM group) and those without a history of recurrent OM in the first 3 years of life (reference group). The parent report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess child behaviour at the age of 10 years. Parental questionnaires were used to report past and present diagnoses of various mental health and developmental conditions, including attention, anxiety, depression, learning, and speech-language problems. Multiple linear and logistic models were used to analyse the data and were adjusted for a fixed set of key confounding variables. RESULTS The linear regression analysis revealed significant, independent associations between a history of recurrent OM and higher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores, including total, internalising, externalising, emotional, attention/hyperactivity and peer problems subscales. Logistic regression analyses revealed an independent increased likelihood for children in the rOM group to have a diagnosis of attention, anxiety, learning and speech-language problems. CONCLUSION Children at 10 years of age with an early history of recurrent OM are more likely to exhibit attentional and behavioural problems when compared to children without a history of recurrent OM. These findings highlight the association between early-life recurrent OM and later behavioural problems that may require professional allied health-care interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali AH Altamimi
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of MedicineThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Life SciencesKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Monique Robinson
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Eman MA Alenezi
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of MedicineThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Tamara Veselinović
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Robyn SM Choi
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health Sciences, Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christopher G Brennan‐Jones
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of MedicineThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Audiology DepartmentPerth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Allied HealthFaculty of Health Sciences, Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Ali M, Shar AM, Yekeen N, Abid H, Kamal MS, Hoteit H. Impact of Methylene Blue on Enhancing the Hydrocarbon Potential of Early Cambrian Khewra Sandstone Formation from the Potwar Basin, Pakistan. ACS Omega 2023; 8:47057-47066. [PMID: 38107941 PMCID: PMC10720010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Significant amounts of hydrocarbon resources are left behind after primary and secondary recovery processes, necessitating the application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques for improving the recovery of trapped oil from subsurface formations. In this respect, the wettability of the rock is crucial in assessing the recovery and sweep efficiency of trapped oil. The subsurface reservoirs are inherently contaminated with organic acids, which renders them hydrophobic. Recent research has revealed the significant impacts of nanofluids, surfactants, and methyl orange on altering the wettability of organic-acid-contaminated subsurface formations into the water-wet state. This suggests that the toxic dye methylene blue (MB), which is presently disposed of in huge quantities and contaminates subsurface waters, could be used in EOR. However, the mechanisms behind hydrocarbon recovery using MB solution for attaining hydrophilic conditions are not fully understood. Therefore, the present work examines the impacts of MB on the wettability reversal of organic-acid-contaminated Khewra sandstone samples (obtained from the outcrop in the Potwar Basin, Pakistan) under the downhole temperature and pressure conditions. The sandstone samples are prepared by aging with 10-2 mol/L stearic acid and subsequently treated with various amounts of aqueous MB (10-100 mg/L) for 1 week. Contact angle measurements are then conducted under various physio-thermal conditions (0.1-20 MPa, 25-50 °C, and salinities of 0.1-0.3 M). The results indicate that the Khewra sandstone samples become hydrophobic in the presence of organic acid and under increased pressure, temperature, and salinity. However, the wettability changes from oil-wet to preferentially water-wet in the presence of various MB solutions, thus highlighting the favorable effects of MB on EOR from the Khewra sandstone formation. Moreover, the most significant change in wettability is observed for the Khewra sandstone sample that was aged using 100 mg/L MB. These results suggest that injecting MB into deep underground Khewra sandstone reservoirs may produce more residual hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Majeed Shar
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, NED University
of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nurudeen Yekeen
- School
of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Hussein Abid
- School
of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Kamal
- Center
for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering
and Geosciences, King Fahd University of
Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261 ,Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Hoteit
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Singh F, Newton RU, Taaffe DR, Lopez P, Thavaseelan J, Brown M, Ooi E, Nosaka K, Hayne D, Galvão DA. Prehabilitative versus rehabilitative exercise in prostate cancer patients undergoing prostatectomy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16563-16573. [PMID: 37712960 PMCID: PMC10645629 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study compared the efficacy of commencing supervised exercise in men with prostate cancer before and after prostatectomy on objective and patient-reported outcomes, hospital length of stay, and urinary incontinence. METHODS Forty-one men were randomised to a 6-week prehabilitation or rehabilitation exercise programme. Prehabilitation involved resistance and aerobic exercise thrice weekly pre-surgery, while rehabilitation comprised the same commencing 6-weeks post-surgery. Assessments included strength, function (chair rise, stair climb, 400-m, 6-m usual, fast, and backwards walk), body composition, fatigue and quality of life, undertaken at pre-surgery, early post-surgery and late post-surgery phase, with urinary incontinence (24-h pad test) assessed at 2, 6, and 12-weeks post-surgery. Intention-to-treat and sensitivity analyses were undertaken. RESULTS Of thirty-eight men (48-73 years), 29 completed all assessments with most undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (92.1%). In the pre-surgery phase, prehabilitation improved muscle strength (leg press: 17.2 kg; chest press: 2.9 kg; p ≤ 0.001), 400-m, chair rise, 6-m fast and backward walk tests (p ≤ 0.001-0.028). Strength and function declines in the early post-surgery phase were maintained late post-surgery. Rehabilitation showed declines of these outcomes after surgery with improvement late post-surgery (leg press: 14.6 kg, p < 0.001; chest press: 6.8 kg, p < 0.001; 400-m walk: -12.0 s, p = 0.005), resulting in no difference between groups at 12 weeks. There were no significant differences between groups for patient-reported outcomes, hospital length of stay or urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION Pre-surgical exercise enhanced strength and function, protecting against post-surgery declines. Although exercise post-surgery is beneficial for recouping strength and function, where possible men undergoing prostatectomy are encouraged to exercise pre-surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12617001115325 registered 31 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favil Singh
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Robert U Newton
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Pedro Lopez
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Brown
- Perth Urology Clinic, Perth, WA, Australia
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dickon Hayne
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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11
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Lajom JAL, Teo S, de Carvalho Filho MK, Stanway A. Passionate and psychologically-undetached: A moderated-mediated investigation of psychological distress among engaged employees. Stress Health 2023; 39:1026-1036. [PMID: 36827409 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the effort-recovery model and the dualistic model of passion, we tested a conditional process model that examined the relationships between work engagement, workplace passion, psychological detachment, and psychological distress among Japanese professionals. We conducted an online panel survey across two time points, six weeks apart (N = 202 matched responses) where we measured all the variables at both instances. Findings show that engaged employees become susceptible to psychological distress due to decreased levels of psychological detachment. The moderating role of work passion was partially supported: being obsessively passionate towards work exacerbates this relationship further while contrary to expectations, the moderating role of harmonious passion was not significant. Findings suggest the possibility that engaged employees are less likely to switch off, which predisposes them to ill-being at work, and this becomes apparent among employees with less volitional opportunities in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Teo
- Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Alicia Stanway
- Australian Institute of Business, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Khan MA, Harrison TG, Wajrak M, Grimshaw M, Schofield KG, Trew AJ, Johal K, Morgan J, Shallcross KL, Sewry JD, Davies-Coleman MT, Shallcross DE. Flipping the Thinking on Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion. Why EDI Is Essential for the Development and Progression of the Chemical Sciences: A Case Study Approach. J Chem Educ 2023; 100:4279-4286. [PMID: 38028751 PMCID: PMC10653219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
All learners have a contribution to make to the development of the Chemical Sciences, be that in novel ways to teach, and their perspectives and contexts, but also in research, both in chemical education and the wider Chemical Sciences. Through four case studies, this paper explores interactions with diverse groups and how this has altered perspectives on both teaching and research. The case studies include work with visually impaired adults, a project bringing together First Peoples in Australia with academics to explore old ways (traditional science) and new ways (modern approaches), primary (elementary) school perspectives on teaching science, and a project in South Africa to connect university and township communities. Not only do these case studies demonstrate the immense value these diverse groups bring to our understanding about how to learn, but they also bring new perspectives on how to view and solve chemical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Anwar
H. Khan
- School
of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United
Kingdom
| | - Timothy G. Harrison
- School
of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United
Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Wajrak
- School
of Science, 270 Joondalup Drive, Edith Cowan
University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Michele Grimshaw
- Primary
Science Teaching Trust, 12 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy G. Schofield
- Primary
Science Teaching Trust, 12 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Trew
- Primary
Science Teaching Trust, 12 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Kulvinder Johal
- Primary
Science Teaching Trust, 12 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannette Morgan
- Primary
Science Teaching Trust, 12 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen. L. Shallcross
- School
of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United
Kingdom
| | - Joyce D. Sewry
- Department
of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
| | - Michael T. Davies-Coleman
- Department
of Chemistry, Robert Sobukwe Drive, University
of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Dudley E. Shallcross
- School
of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, University
of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Robert Sobukwe Drive, University
of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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13
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Beasley AB, de Bruyn DP, Calapre L, Al-Ogaili Z, Isaacs TW, Bentel J, Reid AL, Dwarkasing RS, Pereira MR, Khattak MA, Meniawy TM, Millward M, Brosens E, de Klein A, Chen FK, Kiliҫ E, Gray ES. Detection of metastases using circulating tumour DNA in uveal melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14953-14963. [PMID: 37608028 PMCID: PMC10602949 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 50% of uveal melanoma (UM) patients will develop metastatic disease depending on the genetic features of the primary tumour. Patients need 3-12 monthly scans, depending on their prognosis, which is costly and often non-specific. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) quantification could serve as a test to detect and monitor patients for early signs of metastasis and therapeutic response. METHODS We assessed ctDNA as a biomarker in three distinct UM cohorts using droplet-digital PCR: (A) a retrospective analysis of primary UM patients to predict metastases; (B) a prospective analysis of UM patients after resolution of their primary tumour for early detection of metastases; and (C) monitoring treatment response in metastatic UM patients. RESULTS Cohort A: ctDNA levels were not associated with the development of metastases. Cohort B: ctDNA was detected in 17/25 (68%) with radiological diagnosis of metastases. ctDNA was the strongest predictor of overall survival in a multivariate analysis (HR = 15.8, 95% CI 1.7-151.2, p = 0.017). Cohort C: ctDNA monitoring of patients undergoing immunotherapy revealed a reduction in the levels of ctDNA in patients with combination immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our proof-of-concept study shows the biomarker feasibility potential of ctDNA monitoring in for the clinical management of uveal melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Beasley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Daniël P de Bruyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie Calapre
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Zeyad Al-Ogaili
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Timothy W Isaacs
- Perth Retina, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Bentel
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Anna L Reid
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Roy S Dwarkasing
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle R Pereira
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Muhammad A Khattak
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Tarek M Meniawy
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emine Kiliҫ
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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14
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Bahmani M, Juhász A, Bose U, Nye-Wood MG, Blundell M, Howitt CA, Colgrave ML. Proteome Changes Resulting from Malting in Hordein-Reduced Barley Lines. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:14079-14091. [PMID: 37712129 PMCID: PMC10540200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare L., commonly known as barley, is primarily used for animal feed and malting. The major storage proteins in barley are hordeins, known triggers of celiac disease (CD). Here, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH)-MS proteomics was employed to investigate the proteome profile of grain and malt samples from the malting barley cultivar Sloop and single-, double-, and triple hordein-reduced lines bred in a Sloop background. Using a discovery proteomics approach, 2688 and 3034 proteins were detected from the grain and malt samples, respectively. By utilizing label-free relative quantitation through SWATH-MS, a total of 2654 proteins have been quantified from grain and malt. The comparative analyses between the barley grain and malt samples revealed that the C-hordein-reduced lines have a more significant impact on proteome level changes due to malting than B- and D-hordein-reduced lines. Upregulated proteins in C-hordein-reduced lines were primarily involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid peroxidation processes to provide more energy for seed germination during malting. By applying proteomics approaches after malting in hordein-reduced barley lines, we uncovered additional changes in the proteome driven by the genetic background that were not apparent in the sound grain. Our findings offer valuable insights for barley breeders and maltsters seeking to understand and optimize the performance of gluten-free grains in malt products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Bahmani
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Mitchell G. Nye-Wood
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | | | | | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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15
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Pinto MD, Nosaka K, Wakeling JM, Blazevich AJ. Human in vivo medial gastrocnemius gear during active and passive muscle lengthening: effect of inconsistent methods and nomenclature on data interpretation. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060023. [PMID: 37584384 PMCID: PMC10497039 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
'Muscle gear' is calculated as the ratio of fascicle-to-muscle length change, strain, or velocity. Inconsistencies in nomenclature and definitions of gear exist across disciplines partly due to differences in fascicle [curved (Lf) versus linear (Lf,straight)] and muscle [whole-muscle belly (Lb) versus belly segment (Lb,segment)] length calculation methods. We tested whether these differences affect gear magnitude during passive and active muscle lengthening of human medial gastrocnemius of young men (n=13, 26.3±5.0 years) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Lb, Lb,segment, Lf and Lf,straight were measured from motion analysis and ultrasound imaging data. Downshifts in belly gear but not belly segment gear occurred with muscle lengthening only during active lengthening. Muscle gear was unaffected by fascicle length measurement method (P=0.18) but differed when calculated as changes in Lb or Lb,segment (P<0.01) in a length-dependent manner. Caution is therefore advised for the use and interpretation of different muscle gear calculation methods and nomenclatures in animal and human comparative physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Daros Pinto
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - James M. Wakeling
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Anthony J. Blazevich
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
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16
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O'Connell B, Ghosh M, Dunham M, Smyth A. Evaluation of an educational program for people with dementia and their caregivers. Australas J Ageing 2023; 42:517-526. [PMID: 36734521 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the impact of a 5-week educational and supportive program for people newly diagnosed with dementia and their caregivers. METHODS The study involved a pretest-posttest survey followed by interviews. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to determine postprogram changes. Kruskal-Wallis tests measured variation in responses between the people with dementia and their caregivers. Interviews were analysed using the NVivo software identifying themes against the program objectives of improving knowledge on dementia, coping strategies, communication and support services for people with dementia and their caregivers. RESULTS Fifty-three dyads (n = 106) completed the survey. There were significant improvements in participants' level of understanding of dementia (z = -8.04, p < 0.001), knowledge of local services (z = -8.11, p < 0.001) and coping with life with dementia (z = -6.93, p < 0.001). These findings were consistent with interview data from 16 dyads. CONCLUSIONS The increasing number of people with dementia and their caregivers living in the community present health challenges. Programs that assist this group to function well in the community are important. Evaluation of this program indicated improved outcomes in relation to adjusting to life with dementia, enhancing knowledge, fostering communication and reducing feelings of isolation. Areas of improvement included lengthening the program with ongoing contact sessions with program facilitators and other participants. Given the positive effects of the program on this vulnerable group of people, it maybe useful for health-care agencies involved in dementia care to conduct this type of program as a matter of routine treatment and care for people newly diagnosed with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly O'Connell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Manonita Ghosh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Dunham
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aisling Smyth
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Nuzzo JL, Pinto MD, Nosaka K. Connective Adaptive Resistance Exercise (CARE) Machines for Accentuated Eccentric and Eccentric-Only Exercise: Introduction to an Emerging Concept. Sports Med 2023; 53:1287-1300. [PMID: 37097413 PMCID: PMC10127187 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Eccentric resistance exercise emphasizes active muscle lengthening against resistance. In the past 15 years, researchers and practitioners have expressed considerable interest in accentuated eccentric (i.e., eccentric overload) and eccentric-only resistance exercise as strategies for enhancing performance and preventing and rehabilitating injuries. However, delivery of eccentric resistance exercise has been challenging because of equipment limitations. Previously, we briefly introduced the concept of connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE)-the integration of software and hardware to provide a resistance that adjusts in real time and in response to the individual's volitional force within and between repetitions. The aim of the current paper is to expand this discussion and explain the potential for CARE technology to improve the delivery of eccentric resistance exercise in various settings. First, we overview existing resistance exercise equipment and highlight its limitations for delivering eccentric resistance exercise. Second, we describe CARE and explain how it can accomplish accentuated eccentric and eccentric-only resistance exercise in a new way. We supplement this discussion with preliminary data collected with CARE technology in laboratory and non-laboratory environments. Finally, we discuss the potential for CARE technology to deliver eccentric resistance exercise for various purposes, e.g., research studies, rehabilitation programs, and home-based or telehealth interventions. Overall, CARE technology appears to permit completion of eccentric resistance exercise feasibly in both laboratory and non-laboratory environments and thus has implications for researchers and practitioners in the fields of sports medicine, physiotherapy, exercise physiology, and strength and conditioning. Nevertheless, formal investigations into the impact of CARE technology on participation in eccentric resistance exercise and clinical outcomes are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Matheus D Pinto
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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18
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Graf A, Adama E, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Adusei-Asante K. Perceived Nexus Between Non-Invigilated Summative Assessment and Mental Health Difficulties: A Cross Sectional Studies. J Acad Ethics 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37362771 PMCID: PMC10063941 DOI: 10.1007/s10805-023-09472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly led to changes in the mode of teaching, learning and assessments in most tertiary institutions worldwide. Notably, non-invigilated summative assessments became predominant. These changes heightened anxiety and depression, especially among individuals with less resilient coping mechanism. We explored the perceptions and experiences of mental health difficulties of students in tertiary education regarding non-invigilated alternative assessments in comparison to invigilated assessments. A pragmatic, mixed method cross sectional design was conducted online via Qualtrics. Thematic analysis of text was carried out using NVivo 12. In the quantitative analysis, univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic models were used to examine the potential factors for preference among students in higher education. A total of 380 Nursing and Social Science students responded to the survey. Approximately 77% of students perceived non-invigilated assessments to be less stressful compared to invigilated exams. Age, course of study, stage of studies, and number of units enrolled per semester were identified as significant drivers for students' perceived preference for non-invigilated assessments. There was an inverse relationship between the perception of stress associated with invigilated exams and the age of students. For instance, students aged between 18-24 were 5 times more likely to prefer non-invigilated exams compared to those aged 55 or more. Comparatively, students in early stages of studies had higher preference for non-invigilated assessments. However, there was a preference reversal for students enrolled in 2 or less units per semester. Social sciences students were two times more likely to prefer non-invigilated examinations to invigilated examinations compared to nursing students. The findings reinforce the use of alternative assessments in higher education as a mitigating agency to lessen the mental health burden of tertiary students in post COVID-19 era. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10805-023-09472-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Graf
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6024 Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Esther Adama
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6024 Australia
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19
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Florian S, Ichou M, Panico L, Pinel-Jacquemin S, Vrijkotte TGM, Harskamp-van Ginkel MW, Huang RC, Carson J, Rodriguez LSM, Subiza-Pérez M, Vrijheid M, Fernández-Barrés S, Yang TC, Wright J, Corpeleijn E, Cardol M, Isaevska E, Moccia C, Kooijman MN, Voerman E, Jaddoe V, Welten M, Spada E, Rebagliato M, Beneito A, Ronfani L, Charles MA. Differences in birth weight between immigrants' and natives' children in Europe and Australia: a LifeCycle comparative observational cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e060932. [PMID: 36958776 PMCID: PMC10040079 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on adults has identified an immigrant health advantage, known as the 'immigrant health paradox', by which migrants exhibit better health outcomes than natives. Is this health advantage transferred from parents to children in the form of higher birth weight relative to children of natives? SETTING Western Europe and Australia. PARTICIPANTS We use data from nine birth cohorts participating in the LifeCycle Project, including five studies with large samples of immigrants' children: Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance-France (N=12 494), the Raine Study-Australia (N=2283), Born in Bradford-UK (N=4132), Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study-Netherlands (N=4030) and the Generation R study-Netherlands (N=4877). We include male and female babies born to immigrant and native parents. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is birth weight measured in grams. Different specifications were tested: birth weight as a continuous variable including all births (DV1), the same variable but excluding babies born with over 4500 g (DV2), low birth weight as a 0-1 binary variable (1=birth weight below 2500 g) (DV3). Results using these three measures were similar, only results using DV1 are presented. Parental migration status is measured in four categories: both parents natives, both born abroad, only mother born abroad and only father born abroad. RESULTS Two patterns in children's birth weight by parental migration status emerged: higher birth weight among children of immigrants in France (+12 g, p<0.10) and Australia (+40 g, p<0.10) and lower birth weight among children of immigrants in the UK (-82 g, p<0.05) and the Netherlands (-80 g and -73 g, p<0.001) compared with natives' children. Smoking during pregnancy emerged as a mechanism explaining some of the birth weight gaps between children of immigrants and natives. CONCLUSION The immigrant health advantage is not universally transferred to children in the form of higher birth weight in all host countries. Further research should investigate whether this cross-national variation is due to differences in immigrant communities, social and healthcare contexts across host countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Florian
- French National Institute for Demographic Studies, INED, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Ichou
- French National Institute for Demographic Studies, INED, Paris, France
| | - Lidia Panico
- French National Institute for Demographic Studies, INED, Paris, France
- Centre for Research on Social Inequalities (CRIS), Sciences Po, Paris, France
| | | | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet W Harskamp-van Ginkel
- Department of Public Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University School of Medical and Health Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennie Carson
- Telethon Kids Institute, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Loreto Santa Marina Rodriguez
- Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, San Sebastián, Spain
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Tiffany C Yang
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, GECKO Drenthe Cohort, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Cardol
- Department of Epidemiology, GECKO Drenthe Cohort, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Isaevska
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Universita degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Moccia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center Department of General Pediatrics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellis Voerman
- The Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center Department of General Pediatrics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center Department of General Pediatrics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Welten
- The Generation R Study Group, University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, Erasmus Medical Center Department of General Pediatrics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Spada
- Unit of Epidemiology, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Joint Research Unit in Epidemiology, Environment and Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico materno infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Inserm and INED Joint Research Group, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Inrae, Cress, Paris, France
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Slater EV, Barwood D, Cordery Z. Pre-service teachers' use of ICT to collaborate to complete assessment tasks. Aust Educ Res 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36407674 PMCID: PMC9652591 DOI: 10.1007/s13384-022-00580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research explored the use of ICT products by n = 123 pre-service teachers to complete collaborative assessments. Students responded to a questionnaire relating to the use, benefits and limitations, and what would better enable the use of ICT for collaborative assessment purposes. The ICT products favoured by students did not support some key elements necessary for online collaboration, through either student use or product functionality. Poor Internet access was a commonly cited limitation with the effect of reducing access to available ICT skills training. Suggestions for changes to course structure and content and further research are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen V. Slater
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford Street, Mount Lawley, WA 6050 Australia
| | - Donna Barwood
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford Street, Mount Lawley, WA 6050 Australia
| | - Zina Cordery
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford Street, Mount Lawley, WA 6050 Australia
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21
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Andrew L, Barwood D, Boston J, Masek M, Bloomfield L, Devine A. Serious games for health promotion in adolescents - a systematic scoping review. Educ Inf Technol (Dordr) 2022; 28:5519-5550. [PMID: 36373044 PMCID: PMC9638273 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Digital gaming has broad appeal globally, with a reported 2.7 billion gamers worldwide. There is significant interest in using games to enhance learning, with 'serious games' being included in classrooms to engage adolescents' learning across a range of domains. A systematic scoping review of serious games used for health promotion with adolescents was conducted to identify serious games, review the methods used to evaluate these games, and outline evidence available to support the efficacy of these games in improving knowledge, beliefs/attitudes and behaviours in the target groups. Player engagement/enjoyment was reported if assessed. A total of 21 studies were found to have met the inclusion criteria domains: 'healthy lifestyle' 'sexual health' and 'substance use'. A heterogenous approach across studies to game design and development, duration of game play, use of a control group and measurement of outcome(s) was observed. Game efficacy was difficult to assess due to broad generalisations and lack of consistent evaluation methods. Several studies demonstrate serious games can be engaging and pedagogically effective as a learning device and behaviour-change agent. Several studies, however, had less rigorous evaluation and lacked longer-term follow up. The ability for developers to demonstrate positive short- and long-term impacts of serious games with high-quality evidence is essential to the ongoing acceptance and use of these serious games as part of the school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Andrew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Donna Barwood
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Julie Boston
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Martin Masek
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Lauren Bloomfield
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Amanda Devine
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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22
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Dalla Via J, Sim M, Schousboe JT, Kiel DP, Zhu K, Hodgson JM, Gebre AK, Daly RM, Prince RL, Lewis JR. Association of Abdominal Aortic Calcification with Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Bone Measures in Older Women: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:485-494. [PMID: 35962793 PMCID: PMC9560937 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker of advanced atherosclerotic disease, is weakly associated with reduced hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD). To better understand the vascular-bone health relationship, we explored this association with other key determinants of whole-bone strength and fracture risk at peripheral skeletal sites. This study examined associations of AAC with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-assessed total, cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone structure and strength of the radius and tibia among 648 community-dwelling older women (mean ± SD age 79.7 ± 2.5 years). We assessed associations between cross-sectional (2003) and longitudinal (progression from 1998/1999-2003) AAC assessed on lateral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images with cross-sectional (2003) and longitudinal (change from 2003 to 2005) pQCT bone measures at the 4% radius and tibia, and 15% radius. Partial Spearman correlations (adjusted for age, BMI, calcium treatment) revealed no cross-sectional associations between AAC and any pQCT bone measures. AAC progression was not associated with any bone measure after adjusting for multiple comparisons, despite trends for inverse correlations with total bone area at the 4% radius (rs = - 0.088, p = 0.044), 4% tibia (rs = - 0.085, p = 0.052) and 15% radius (rs = - 0.101, p = 0.059). Neither AAC in 2003 nor AAC progression were associated with subsequent 2-year pQCT bone changes. ANCOVA showed no differences in bone measures between women with and without AAC or AAC progression, nor across categories of AAC extent. Collectively, these finding suggest that peripheral bone density and structure, or its changes with age, are not associated with central vascular calcification in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dalla Via
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Osteoporosis Center and Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Abadi K Gebre
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard L Prince
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Bahmani M, Juhász A, Broadbent J, Bose U, Nye-Wood MG, Edwards IB, Colgrave ML. Proteome Phenotypes Discriminate the Growing Location and Malting Traits in Field-Grown Barley. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:10680-10691. [PMID: 35981222 PMCID: PMC9449971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Barley is one of the key cereal grains for malting and brewing industries. However, climate variability and unprecedented weather events can impact barley yield and end-product quality. The genetic background and environmental conditions are key factors in defining the barley proteome content and malting characteristics. Here, we measure the barley proteome and malting characteristics of three barley lines grown in Western Australia, differing in genetic background and growing location, by applying liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Using data-dependent acquisition LC-MS, 1571 proteins were detected with high confidence. Quantitative data acquired using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical (SWATH) MS on barley samples resulted in quantitation of 920 proteins. Multivariate analyses revealed that the barley lines' genetics and their growing locations are strongly correlated between proteins and desired traits such as the malt yield. Linking meteorological data with proteomic measurements revealed how high-temperature stress in northern regions affects seed temperature tolerance during malting, resulting in a higher malt yield. Our results show the impact of environmental conditions on the barley proteome and malt characteristics; these findings have the potential to expedite breeding programs and malt quality prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Bahmani
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University,
School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University,
School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - James Broadbent
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University,
School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Mitchell G. Nye-Wood
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University,
School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Ian B. Edwards
- Edstar
Genetics Pty Ltd., SABC, Loneragan Building, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University,
School of Science, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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24
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O’Dea CM, Lavery PS, Webster CL, McMahon KM. Increased extent of waterfowl grazing lengthens the recovery time of a colonizing seagrass ( Halophila ovalis) with implications for seagrass resilience. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:947109. [PMID: 36105704 PMCID: PMC9465301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore distributions and abundance are shifting because of climate change, leading to intensified grazing pressure on foundation species such as seagrasses. This, combined with rapidly increasing magnitudes of change in estuarine ecosystems, may affect seagrass resilience. While the overall resilience of seagrasses is generally well-studied, the timeframes of recovery has received comparatively little attention, particularly in temperate estuaries. We investigated how the recovery time (RT) of seagrass is affected by simulated grazing in a southwestern Australian estuary. Whilst excluding swans, we simulated different grazing intensities (25, 50, 75, and 100% removal from 1 m2 plots) at four locations in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia during summer and tracked the recovery of seagrass over 3 months, using seagrass cover as the main measure of recovery. We found that seagrass recovered within 4-6 weeks from the lower grazing intensities (25 and 50%) and 7-19 weeks from the higher grazing intensities (75 and 100%) across the estuary. Increased grazing intensity led to not only longer recovery times (RTs), but also greater variability in the RT among experimental locations. The RT from the higher grazing intensities at one location in particular was more than double other locations. Seagrass recovery was through vegetative mechanisms and not through sexual reproduction. There was a significant grazing treatment effect on seagrass meadow characteristics, particularly belowground biomass which had not recovered 3 months following grazing. As the pressure of climate change on estuarine environments increases, these quantified RTs for seagrass provide a baseline for understanding grazing pressure as a singular disturbance. Future work can now examine how grazing and other potentially interacting pressures in our changing climate could impact seagrass recovery even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M. O’Dea
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Aquatic Science Branch, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Paul S. Lavery
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chanelle L. Webster
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kathryn M. McMahon
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Hollett RC, Rogers SL, Florido P, Mosdell B. Body Gaze as a Marker of Sexual Objectification: A New Scale for Pervasive Gaze and Gaze Provocation Behaviors in Heterosexual Women and Men. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:2759-2780. [PMID: 35348918 PMCID: PMC9363378 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Body gaze behavior is assumed to be a key feature of sexual objectification. However, there are few self-report gaze measures available and none capturing behavior which seeks to invite body gaze from others. Across two studies, we used existing self-report instruments and measurement of eye movements to validate a new self-report scale to measure pervasive body gaze behavior and body gaze provocation behavior in heterosexual women and men. In Study 1, participants (N = 1021) completed a survey with newly created items related to pervasive body gaze and body gaze provocation behavior. Participants also completed preexisting measures of body attitudes, sexual assault attitudes, pornography use, and relationship status. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses across independent samples suggested a 12-item scale for men and women to separately measure pervasive body gaze (5 items) and body gaze provocation (7 items) toward the opposite sex. The two scales yielded excellent internal consistency estimates (.86-.89) and promising convergent validity via positive correlations with body and sexual attitudes. In Study 2, a subsample (N = 167) of participants from Study 1 completed an eye-tracking task to capture their gaze behavior toward matched images of partially and fully dressed female and male subjects. Men exhibited body-biased gaze behavior toward all the female imagery, whereas women exhibited head-biased gaze behavior toward fully clothed male imagery. Importantly, self-reported body gaze correlated positively with some aspects of objectively measured body gaze behavior. Both scales showed good test-retest reliability and were positively correlated with sexual assault attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Hollett
- Cognition Research Group, Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Shane L Rogers
- Cognition Research Group, Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Prudence Florido
- Cognition Research Group, Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Belinda Mosdell
- Cognition Research Group, Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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Gebre AK, Prince RL, Schousboe JT, Kiel DP, Thompson PL, Zhu K, Lim WH, Sim M, Lewis JR. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality independent of hip bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1557-1567. [PMID: 35147712 PMCID: PMC9187548 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporosis has been linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease previously. However, few studies have detailed bone and vascular information. In a prospective study of older women, we demonstrated heel quantitative ultrasound measures were associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) have been previously linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is used to evaluate bone material properties, especially in older women. However, it is uncertain whether it is related to risk of mortality. This study was aimed to investigate the association between calcaneal QUS measurements and 15-year all-cause and CVD mortality in 1404 older women (mean age 75.2 ± 2.7 years). METHODS One thousand four hundred four older women, participants of Calcium Intake Fracture Outcome study (CAIFOS), had calcaneal bone measured at baseline (1998) and followed for 15 years. The primary outcomes, any deaths, and deaths attributable to cardiovascular causes ascertained by using linked data were obtained from Western Australia data linkage system. RESULTS Over the 15 years of follow-up (17,955 person years), 584 of the women died, and 223 from CVD. For every standard deviation (SD), reduction in broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in minimally and multivariable-adjusted model including cardiovascular risk factors increased relative hazards for all-cause (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.15; 95%CI: 1.06-1.26, p = 0.001) and CVD mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.38, p = 0.010). Such relationships also persisted when hip BMD was included in the model (all-cause mortality HR 1.19; 95%CI: 1.07-1.33, p = 0.002; CVD mortality HR 1.28; 95%CI: 1.07-1.53, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION BUA is associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in older women independent of BMD and established CVD risk factors. Understanding why and how these are related may provide further insights about the bone-vascular nexus as well as therapeutic targets benefiting both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gebre
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - R L Prince
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - J T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Osteoporosis Center and HealthPartners Institute, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - D P Kiel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - P L Thompson
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - K Zhu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - W H Lim
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Renal Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - M Sim
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - J R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Milicic L, Vacher M, Porter T, Doré V, Burnham SC, Bourgeat P, Shishegar R, Doecke J, Armstrong NJ, Tankard R, Maruff P, Masters CL, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Laws SM. Comprehensive analysis of epigenetic clocks reveals associations between disproportionate biological ageing and hippocampal volume. GeroScience 2022; 44:1807-1823. [PMID: 35445885 PMCID: PMC9213584 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of age acceleration, the difference between biological age and chronological age, is of growing interest, particularly with respect to age-related disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Whilst studies have reported associations with AD risk and related phenotypes, there remains a lack of consensus on these associations. Here we aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between five recognised measures of age acceleration, based on DNA methylation patterns (DNAm age), and cross-sectional and longitudinal cognition and AD-related neuroimaging phenotypes (volumetric MRI and Amyloid-β PET) in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Significant associations were observed between age acceleration using the Hannum epigenetic clock and cross-sectional hippocampal volume in AIBL and replicated in ADNI. In AIBL, several other findings were observed cross-sectionally, including a significant association between hippocampal volume and the Hannum and Phenoage epigenetic clocks. Further, significant associations were also observed between hippocampal volume and the Zhang and Phenoage epigenetic clocks within Amyloid-β positive individuals. However, these were not validated within the ADNI cohort. No associations between age acceleration and other Alzheimer's disease-related phenotypes, including measures of cognition or brain Amyloid-β burden, were observed, and there was no association with longitudinal change in any phenotype. This study presents a link between age acceleration, as determined using DNA methylation, and hippocampal volume that was statistically significant across two highly characterised cohorts. The results presented in this study contribute to a growing literature that supports the role of epigenetic modifications in ageing and AD-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Milicic
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
| | - Michael Vacher
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Vincent Doré
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Rosita Shishegar
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Doecke
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rick Tankard
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
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Zheng Y, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Shang J, Yu L, Fu P, Liu Y, Li X, Wang H, Ren L, Zhang W, Hou H, Tan X, Wang W. Rapid triage for ischemic stroke: a machine learning-driven approach in the context of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine. EPMA J 2022; 13:285-298. [PMID: 35719136 PMCID: PMC9203613 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognising the early signs of ischemic stroke (IS) in emergency settings has been challenging. Machine learning (ML), a robust tool for predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM/3PM), presents a possible solution for this issue and produces accurate predictions for real-time data processing. METHODS This investigation evaluated 4999 IS patients among a total of 10,476 adults included in the initial dataset, and 1076 IS subjects among 3935 participants in the external validation dataset. Six ML-based models for the prediction of IS were trained on the initial dataset of 10,476 participants (split participants into a training set [80%] and an internal validation set [20%]). Selected clinical laboratory features routinely assessed at admission were used to inform the models. Model performance was mainly evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve. Additional techniques-permutation feature importance (PFI), local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)-were applied for explaining the black-box ML models. RESULTS Fifteen routine haematological and biochemical features were selected to establish ML-based models for the prediction of IS. The XGBoost-based model achieved the highest predictive performance, reaching AUCs of 0.91 (0.90-0.92) and 0.92 (0.91-0.93) in the internal and external datasets respectively. PFI globally revealed that demographic feature age, routine haematological parameters, haemoglobin and neutrophil count, and biochemical analytes total protein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were more influential on the model's prediction. LIME and SHAP showed similar local feature attribution explanations. CONCLUSION In the context of PPPM/3PM, we used the selected predictors obtained from the results of common blood tests to develop and validate ML-based models for the diagnosis of IS. The XGBoost-based model offers the most accurate prediction. By incorporating the individualised patient profile, this prediction tool is simple and quick to administer. This is promising to support subjective decision making in resource-limited settings or primary care, thereby shortening the time window for the treatment, and improving outcomes after IS. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-022-00283-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Zheng
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 Western
Australia Australia
| | - Zheng Guo
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 Western
Australia Australia
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong China
| | | | - Leilei Yu
- Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Ping Fu
- Ti’men Township Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai’an, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Xingang Li
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 Western
Australia Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Beijing United Family Hospital, No.2 Jiangtai Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 Western
Australia Australia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an, Shandong China
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University &
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai’an, 271016 Shandong China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong China
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027 Western
Australia Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University &
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai’an, 271016 Shandong China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong China
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA Australia
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29
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de Abreu Malpique A, Valcan D, Pino-Pasternak D, Ledger S. Teaching writing in primary education (grades 1-6) in Australia: a national survey. Read Writ 2022; 36:119-145. [PMID: 35530430 PMCID: PMC9069425 DOI: 10.1007/s11145-022-10294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Providing adequate writing instruction and practice in schools is an essential cornerstone of writing development and it affords a diagnostic approach for teachers. But what writing instruction is being practiced in Australian primary schools? The aim of this study was to survey a sample of teachers (n = 310) about their instructional practices for writing and their preparation and self-efficacy to teach writing. The majority of the teachers surveyed indicated they allocated on average less than three hours per week for writing practice in their classrooms, with findings further showing a large variability in the frequency of writing practice ranging from 15 min to 7.5 h per week. Findings suggested an emphasis placed on teaching foundational skills, such as spelling, over the teaching of process skills, such as planning and revising. Results further indicated that less emphasis is placed on teaching handwriting and typing. The majority of participating teachers reported implementing only six of the 20 different instructional practices included in the survey on a weekly basis, with school-home strategies being the least frequently reported strategies to foster students' writing development. Most teachers expressed positive beliefs about their preparation and self-efficacy for teaching writing. Results from multiple regression analysis showed that preparation and self-efficacy for teaching writing significantly and statistically accounted for variability in using evidence-based practices, teaching foundational skills, and teaching process skills. However, only self-efficacy made a statically significant contribution to predicting strategies to extend writing to the home environment. Implications for teaching and recommendations for research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela de Abreu Malpique
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford St, Mount Lawley, WA 6050 Australia
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Susan Ledger
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Radavelli-Bagatini S, Sim M, Blekkenhorst LC, Bondonno NP, Bondonno CP, Woodman R, Dickson JM, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Daly RM, Hodgson JM, Lewis JR. Associations of specific types of fruit and vegetables with perceived stress in adults: the AusDiab study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2929-2938. [PMID: 35307760 PMCID: PMC9363314 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Higher total fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes have been associated with lower perceived stress. The relationship between specific types of FV and perceived stress remains uncertain. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore the relationship between consumption of specific types of FV with perceived stress in a population-based cohort of men and women aged ≥ 25 years from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study.
Methods
Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (n = 8,640). Perceived stress was evaluated using a validated Perceived Stress Questionnaire, with values ranging 0–1 (lowest to highest). High perceived stress cut-offs of ≥0.34 for men and ≥0.39 for women were obtained from the highest quartile of the perceived stress score for each sex. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations.
Results
The mean age of participants (50.1% females) was 47.8 (SD 15) years. Persons in the highest, versus lowest, quartiles of apples and pears, orange and other citrus, and banana intakes had a significantly lower odds (24–31%) of having high perceived stress. Similarly, persons with higher intakes of cruciferous, yellow/orange/red, and legume vegetables had significantly lower odds (25–27%) of having high perceived stress.
Conclusion
In Australian adults, a higher consumption of apples and pears, oranges and other citrus, and bananas, as well as cruciferous, yellow/orange/red, and legume vegetables were associated with lower odds of having high perceived stress. The recommendations of “eating a rainbow” of colours may assist in preventing and/or reducing perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Radavelli-Bagatini
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Marc Sim
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Arts and Humanities (Psychology), Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Diabetes and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Batten JA, Choudhury T, Kinateder H, Wagner NF. Volatility impacts on the European banking sector: GFC and COVID-19. Ann Oper Res 2022; 330:1-26. [PMID: 35194287 PMCID: PMC8853938 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-04523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the volatility transmission between European Global Systematically Important Banks (GSIBs) and implied stock market volatility. A Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model is applied to determine the dynamic correlation between returns of Europe's GSIBs and the world's most prominent measure of market "fear", the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX). The results identify a higher negative co-relationship between the VIX and GSIB returns during the COVID-19 period compared with the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), with one-day lagged changes in the VIX negatively Granger-causing bank returns. The asymmetric impact of changes in implied volatility is examined by quantile regressions, with the findings showing that in the lower quartile-where extreme negative bank returns are present-jumps in the VIX are highly significant. This effect is more pronounced during COVID-19 than during the GFC. Additional robustness analysis shows that these findings are consistent during the periods of the Swine Flu and Zika virus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonmoy Choudhury
- IRC of Finance and Digital Economy, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Harald Kinateder
- School of Business, Economics and Information Systems, University of Passau, Passau, Germany
| | - Niklas F. Wagner
- School of Business, Economics and Information Systems, University of Passau, Passau, Germany
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32
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Mavropalias G, Sim M, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Spry N, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K, Newton RU. Exercise medicine for cancer cachexia: targeted exercise to counteract mechanisms and treatment side effects. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1389-1406. [PMID: 35088134 PMCID: PMC9114058 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cancer-induced muscle wasting (i.e., cancer cachexia, CC) is a common and devastating syndrome that results in the death of more than 1 in 5 patients. Although primarily a result of elevated inflammation, there are multiple mechanisms that complement and amplify one another. Research on the use of exercise to manage CC is still limited, while exercise for CC management has been recently discouraged. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding that exercise is not a single medicine, but mode, type, dosage, and timing (exercise prescription) have distinct health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of these modes and subtypes to identify the most optimal form and dosage of exercise therapy specific to each underlying mechanism of CC. Methods The relevant literatures from MEDLINE and Scopus databases were examined. Results Exercise can counteract the most prominent mechanisms and signs of CC including muscle wasting, increased protein turnover, systemic inflammation, reduced appetite and anorexia, increased energy expenditure and fat wasting, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, gut dysbiosis, hypogonadism, impaired oxidative capacity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cancer treatments side-effects. There are different modes of exercise, and each mode has different sub-types that induce vastly diverse changes when performed over multiple sessions. Choosing suboptimal exercise modes, types, or dosages can be counterproductive and could further contribute to the mechanisms of CC without impacting muscle growth. Conclusion Available evidence shows that patients with CC can safely undertake higher-intensity resistance exercise programs, and benefit from increases in body mass and muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mavropalias
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Nigel Spry
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - William J Kraemer
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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Wing C, Hart NH, Ma'ayah F, Nosaka K. Evaluating match running performance in elite Australian football: a narrative review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:136. [PMID: 34702361 PMCID: PMC8549340 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
During Australian football (AF) matches, players are subjected to high running loads, which are intermittent in nature. There is a growing body of research that highlights factors which can both positively and negatively affect this match running performance (e.g., the total distance travelled by a player during match-play). In order to appropriately evaluate these factors, a thorough search of MEDLINE, SportDiscus and Web of Science databases was performed, with a total of 17 manuscripts included within the final evaluation. The main findings from this review highlighted that match running performance is increased amongst those playing in midfield and half back/forward positions, in players with lower playing experience, as well as in matches against higher quality opponents, and in losing quarters. Additionally, a well-design interchange-rotation strategy may be able to positively affect match running performance. A decrease in match running performance was evident amongst more experienced players, during periods of acute fatigue (e.g., following periods of high intensity activity), during matches played in higher temperatures and matches with an increased number of stoppages. However, no effect of ground hardness or size, as well as responses to self-reported wellness questionnaires was found. Other factors such as finals series matches, pre-season training load and elements related to the schedule have been shown to have substantial conflicting results within the literature, increasing the difficulty in making generalisable conclusions to their effect on match running performance. Developing a thorough understanding of these factors which affect match running performance can aid practitioners and coaches to gain a greater understanding of a player's performance as well as inform the development of strategies for its improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wing
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fadi Ma'ayah
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
- School of Education, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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34
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Wang Y, Hu J, Zhang X, Yusuf A, Qi B, Jin H, Liu Y, He J, Wang Y, Yang G, Sun Y. Kinetic Study of Product Distribution Using Various Data-Driven and Statistical Models for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. ACS Omega 2021; 6:27183-27199. [PMID: 34693138 PMCID: PMC8529696 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Three modeling techniques, namely, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), a comprehensive kinetic with genetic algorithm (CKGA), and a response surface methodology (RSM), were used to study the kinetics of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Using a 29 × 37 (4 independent process parameters as inputs and corresponding 36 responses as outputs) matrix with total 1073 data sets for data training through RBFNN, the established model is capable of predicting hydrocarbon product distribution i.e., the paraffin formation rate (C2-C15) and the olefin to paraffin ratio (OPR) within acceptable uncertainties. With additional validation data sets (15 × 36 matrix with total 540 data sets), the uncertainties of using three different models were compared and the outcomes were: RBFNN (±5% uncertainties), RSM (±10% uncertainties), and CKGA (±30% uncertainties), respectively. A new effective strategy for kinetic study of the complex FT synthesis is proposed: RBFNN is used for data matrix generation with a limited number of experimental data sets (due to its fast converge and less computation time), CKGA is used for mechanism selections by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) approach using a genetic algorithm to find out potential reaction pathways, and RSM is used for statistical analysis of the investigated data matrix (generated from RBFNN through central composite design) upon responses and subsequent singular/multiple optimizations. The proposed strategy is a very useful and practical tool in process engineering design and practice for the product distribution during FT synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Abubakar Yusuf
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Binbin Qi
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, China University
of Petroleum—Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Huan Jin
- School
of Computer Science, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London
(UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Jun He
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- National
Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Yang
- National
Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification
of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham
Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
- Edith Cowan
University School of Engineering, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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Bahmani M, O’Lone CE, Juhász A, Nye-Wood M, Dunn H, Edwards IB, Colgrave ML. Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to Barley Research. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:8591-8609. [PMID: 34319719 PMCID: PMC8389776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is the fourth most cultivated crop in the world in terms of production volume, and it is also the most important raw material of the malting and brewing industries. Barley belongs to the grass (Poaceae) family and plays an important role in food security and food safety for both humans and livestock. With the global population set to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, but with less available and/or suitable land for agriculture, the use of biotechnology tools in breeding programs are of considerable importance in the quest to meet the growing food gap. Proteomics as a member of the "omics" technologies has become popular for the investigation of proteins in cereal crops and particularly barley and its related products such as malt and beer. This technology has been applied to study how proteins in barley respond to adverse environmental conditions including abiotic and/or biotic stresses, how they are impacted during food processing including malting and brewing, and the presence of proteins implicated in celiac disease. Moreover, proteomics can be used in the future to inform breeding programs that aim to enhance the nutritional value and broaden the application of this crop in new food and beverage products. Mass spectrometry analysis is a valuable tool that, along with genomics and transcriptomics, can inform plant breeding strategies that aim to produce superior barley varieties. In this review, recent studies employing both qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry approaches are explored with a focus on their application in cultivation, manufacturing, processing, quality, and the safety of barley and its related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Bahmani
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Clare E. O’Lone
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Mitchell Nye-Wood
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Hugh Dunn
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Ian B. Edwards
- Edstar
Genetics Pty Ltd, SABC - Loneragan Building, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, 270 Joondalup
Drive, Joondalup, Western
Australia 6027, Australia
- CSIRO
Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- Phone: +61-7-3214-2697. . Fax: +61-7-3214-2900
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Papp KV, Buckley R, Mormino E, Maruff P, Villemagne VL, Masters C, Johnson KA, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Amariglio RE. Clinical meaningfulness of subtle cognitive decline on longitudinal testing in preclinical AD. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:552-560. [PMID: 31759879 PMCID: PMC7067681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demonstrating the "clinical meaningfulness" of slowing early cognitive decline in clinically normal (CN) older adults with elevated amyloid-β (Aβ+) is critical for Alzheimer's disease secondary prevention trials and for understanding early cognitive progression. METHODS Cox regression analyses were used to determine whether 3-year slopes on the preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite predicted MCI diagnosis and global Clinical Dementia Rating>0 in 267 Aβ+ CN individuals participating in the Harvard Aging Brain Study, Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Study, and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. RESULTS Steeper preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite decline over 3 years was associated with increased risk for MCI diagnosis and global Clinical Dementia Rating>0 in the following years across all cohorts. Hazard ratios using meta-analytic estimates were 5.47 (95% CI: 3.25-9.18) for MCI diagnosis and 4.49 (95% CI: 2.84-7.09) for Clinical Dementia Rating>0 in those with subtle decline (>-.14 to -.26 preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite standard deviations/year) on longitudinal cognitive testing. DISCUSSION Early "subtle cognitive decline" among Aβ+ CN on a sensitive cognitive composite demonstrably increases risk for imminent clinical disease progression and functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V. Papp
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- CogState, Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dorene M. Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Amariglio
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Huggett MJ, Apprill A. Coral microbiome database: Integration of sequences reveals high diversity and relatedness of coral-associated microbes. Environ Microbiol Rep 2019; 11:372-385. [PMID: 30094953 PMCID: PMC7379671 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Coral-associated microorganisms are thought to play a fundamental role in the health and ecology of corals, but understanding of specific coral-microbial interactions are lacking. In order to create a framework to examine coral-microbial specificity, we integrated and phylogenetically compared 21,100 SSU rRNA gene Sanger-produced sequences from bacteria and archaea associated with corals from previous studies, and accompanying host, location and publication metadata, to produce the Coral Microbiome Database. From this database, we identified 39 described and candidate phyla of Bacteria and two Archaea phyla associated with corals, demonstrating that corals are one of the most phylogenetically diverse animal microbiomes. Secondly, this new phylogenetic resource shows that certain microorganisms are indeed specific to corals, including evolutionary distinct hosts. Specifically, we identified 2-37 putative monophyletic, coral-specific sequence clusters within bacterial genera associated with the greatest number of coral species (Vibrio, Endozoicomonas and Ruegeria) as well as functionally relevant microbial taxa ("Candidatus Amoebophilus", "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus" and under recognized cyanobacteria). This phylogenetic resource provides a framework for more targeted studies of corals and their specific microbial associates, which is timely given the escalated need to understand the role of the coral microbiome and its adaptability to changing ocean and reef conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J. Huggett
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNSW, 2258Australia
- School of ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Amy Apprill
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the Raine Study is to improve human health and well-being by studying the life-course of a cohort of Western Australians, based on a life-course conceptual framework that considers interactions between genetics, phenotypes, behaviours, the environment and developmental and social outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Between May 1989 and November 1991, 2900 pregnant women were enrolled in the Raine Study in Perth, Western Australia. In total, 2730 women gave birth to 2868 children (Generation 2) between August 1989 and April 1992. The mothers and fathers of Generation 2 are referred to as Generation 1 of the Raine Study. In the most recent Generation 1 follow-up, 636 mothers and 462 fathers participated. FINDINGS TO DATE Until the 26-year follow-up of Generation 1 the focus of research within the Raine Study was on outcomes in Generation 2, with information on the parents mainly being used to examine its influence on their children's outcomes. For example, recent findings showed that several characteristics of mothers, such as obesity, early mid-gestational weight gain and socioeconomic status were associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adiposity and cardiometabolic characteristics in offspring. Other findings showed that parents with back pain were more likely to have offspring who experienced back pain. Also, non-linear and dynamic relationships were found between maternal working hours and offspring overweight or obesity. FUTURE PLANS The Raine Study will continue to provide access to its dense longitudinal genetic, phenotypic, behavioural, environmental, developmental and social data to undertake studies with the ultimate goal of improving human health and well-being. Analyses of data from the recent Generation 1 year 26 follow-up are underway. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12617001599369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon L Dontje
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Schroeder RT, Croft JL, Ngo GD, Bertram JEA. Properties of traditional bamboo carrying poles have implications for user interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196208. [PMID: 29746480 PMCID: PMC5945030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compliant bamboo poles have long been used for load carriage in Asian cultures. Although this custom differs from Western conventions of rigid body attachments (e.g. backpack), potential benefits include reduced peak shoulder forces as well as metabolic transport cost savings. Evidence that carrying a flexible pole benefits locomotion remains mixed, perhaps in part because the properties of pole design (e.g. bamboo material, structural geometry, etc.) have largely been neglected. These properties influence vibrational forces and consequently, the energy required by the user to manage the oscillations. We collected authentic bamboo poles from northern Vietnam and characterized their design parameters. Four poles were extensively studied in the lab (load-deflection testing, resonance testing, and computed tomography scans of three-dimensional geometry), and 10 others were tested at a rural Vietnamese farm site (basic measures of form and resonance). A mass-spring-damper model was used to characterize a relationship between resonant frequency (which affects the energetics of the pole-carrier system) and pole properties concerning stiffness, damping, etc. Model predictions of resonant frequencies agreed well with empirical data. Although measured properties suggest the poles are not optimally designed to reduce peak oscillation forces, resonant frequencies are within range of a typical human walking cadence, and this is likely to have a consequence on locomotion energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Schroeder
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - James L. Croft
- Centre of Exercise and Sports Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giang D. Ngo
- Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - John E. A. Bertram
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre of Exercise and Sports Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Evans KL, Millsteed J, Richmond JE, Falkmer M, Falkmer T, Girdler SJ. Working Sandwich Generation Women Utilize Strategies within and between Roles to Achieve Role Balance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157469. [PMID: 27305074 PMCID: PMC4909236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, women simultaneously balance the roles of mother, parental carer and worker. However, individual role balance strategies among these working 'sandwich' generation women have not been thoroughly explored. Eighteen women combining these three roles were interviewed about their individual role balance strategies. Findings were identified through the framework analysis technique, underpinned by the Model of Juggling Occupations. Achieving and maintaining role balance was explained as a complex process accomplished through a range of strategies. Findings revealed the women used six within-role balance strategies: living with integrity, being the best you can, doing what you love, loving what you do, remembering why and searching for signs of success. The women also described six between-role balance strategies: maintaining health and wellbeing, repressing perfectionism, managing time and energy, releasing responsibility, nurturing social connection and reciprocating. These findings provide a basis for health care providers to understand and potentially support working 'sandwich' generation women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah L. Evans
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeannine Millsteed
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Janet E. Richmond
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marita Falkmer
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Torbjorn Falkmer
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sonya J. Girdler
- Occupational Therapy Program, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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