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Dietsche KB, Magge SN, Dixon SA, Davis FS, Krenek A, Chowdhury A, Mabundo L, Stagliano M, Courville AB, Yang S, Turner S, Cai H, Kasturi K, Sherman AS, Ha J, Shouppe E, Walter M, Walter PJ, Chen KY, Brychta RJ, Peer C, Zeng Y, Figg W, Cogen F, Estrada DE, Chacko S, Chung ST. Glycemia and Gluconeogenesis With Metformin and Liraglutide: A Randomized Trial in Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1361-1370. [PMID: 37967247 PMCID: PMC11031226 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated rates of gluconeogenesis are an early pathogenic feature of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (Y-T2D), but targeted first-line therapies are suboptimal, especially in African American (AA) youth. We evaluated glucose-lowering mechanisms of metformin and liraglutide by measuring rates of gluconeogenesis and β-cell function after therapy in AA Y-T2D. METHODS In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 22 youth with Y-T2D-age 15.3 ± 2.1 years (mean ± SD), 68% female, body mass index (BMI) 40.1 ± 7.9 kg/m2, duration of diagnosis 1.8 ± 1.3 years-were randomized to metformin alone (Met) or metformin + liraglutide (Lira) (Met + Lira) and evaluated before and after 12 weeks. Stable isotope tracers were used to measure gluconeogenesis [2H2O] and glucose production [6,6-2H2]glucose after an overnight fast and during a continuous meal. β-cell function (sigma) and whole-body insulin sensitivity (mSI) were assessed during a frequently sampled 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS At baseline, gluconeogenesis, glucose production, and fasting and 2-hour glucose were comparable in both groups, though Met + Lira had higher hemoglobin A1C. Met + Lira had a greater decrease from baseline in fasting glucose (-2.0 ± 1.3 vs -0.6 ± 0.9 mmol/L, P = .008) and a greater increase in sigma (0.72 ± 0.68 vs -0.05 ± 0.71, P = .03). The change in fractional gluconeogenesis was similar between groups (Met + Lira: -0.36 ± 9.4 vs Met: 0.04 ± 12.3%, P = .9), and there were no changes in prandial gluconeogenesis or mSI. Increased glucose clearance in both groups was related to sigma (r = 0.63, P = .003) but not gluconeogenesis or mSI. CONCLUSION Among Y-T2D, metformin with or without liraglutide improved glycemia but did not suppress high rates of gluconeogenesis. Novel therapies that will enhance β-cell function and target the elevated rates of gluconeogenesis in Y-T2D are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina B Dietsche
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheela N Magge
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sydney A Dixon
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Faith S Davis
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Krenek
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aruba Chowdhury
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lilian Mabundo
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Stagliano
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shanna Yang
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara Turner
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kannan Kasturi
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Essentia Health, Duluth, MN 55805, USA
| | - Arthur S Sherman
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joon Ha
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Eileen Shouppe
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter J Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cody Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fran Cogen
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - D Elizabeth Estrada
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shaji Chacko
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Chang KW, Mazul AL, Lander DP, Wahle BM, Yan EZ, Thorstad WL, Puram SV, Jackson RS, Pipkorn P, Paniello RC, Zolkind PA, Olshan AF, Zevallos JP. Poor Dental Health as a Risk Factor for Alveolar Ridge Malignancies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1081-1090. [PMID: 38219743 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between poor dental health and risk of oral cavity squamous cell cancer (OCSCC) at individual tumor subsites. STUDY DESIGN Case-control and cross-sectional METHODS: A case-control study was performed using a population-based cohort in North Carolina (Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Study [CHANCE]). A secondary cross-sectional analysis was performed with an institutional cohort (WashU/Siteman). Cases were adults with primary OCSCC and an identifiable tumor subsite. In the CHANCE cohort, controls were adults without head and neck cancer. In the Washington University/Siteman cohort, patients with tongue cancer served as the comparator group. We used number of missing teeth (categorized 0-6, 7-24, 25-28) as a surrogate for poor dental health, which was self-reported in CHANCE and measured on a pretreatment computed tomography scan in the WashU/Siteman study. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for missing teeth were estimated for each tumor subsite using binomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Near complete tooth loss (25-28 teeth) was associated with a 3.5-fold increased risk of alveolar ridge malignancy (aOR: 3.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-11.01, P = .03) in the CHANCE study. This association was confirmed in our cross-sectional analysis (WashU/Siteman study) where missing 25-28 teeth was associated with an increased risk of alveolar ridge compared to tongue cancer (aOR: 4.60; 95% CI: 1.97-11.10, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an association between poor dental health and risk of alveolar ridge cancer independent of smoking, alcohol use, age, race, and sex. Future prospective and translational studies are needed to confirm this association and elucidate the mechanism of dental disease in alveolar ridge malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela L Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel P Lander
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wahle
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Emily Z Yan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wade L Thorstad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan S Jackson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrik Pipkorn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Randal C Paniello
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul A Zolkind
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jose P Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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Naik NC, Holzhausen EA, Chalifour BN, Coffman MM, Lurmann F, Goran MI, Bode L, Alderete TL. Air pollution exposure may impact the composition of human milk oligosaccharides. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6730. [PMID: 38509153 PMCID: PMC10954706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) impact neonate immunity and health outcomes. However, the environmental factors influencing HMO composition remain understudied. This study examined the associations between ambient air pollutant (AAP) exposure and HMOs at 1-month postpartum. Human milk samples were collected at 1-month postpartum (n = 185). AAP (PM2.5, PM10, NO2) exposure included the 9-month pregnancy period through 1-month postpartum. Associations between AAP with (1) HMO diversity, (2) the sum of sialylated and fucosylated HMOs, (3) 6 a priori HMOs linked with infant health, and (4) all HMOs were examined using multivariable linear regression and principal component analysis (PCA). Exposure to AAP was associated with lower HMO diversity. PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was positively associated with the HMO 3-fucosyllactose (3FL); PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with the sum of total HMOs, sum of fucosylated HMOs, and the HMO 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL). PCA indicated the PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposures were associated with HMO profiles. Individual models indicated that AAP exposure was associated with five additional HMOs (LNFP I, LNFP II, DFLNT, LNH). This is the first study to demonstrate associations between AAP and breast milk HMOs. Future longitudinal studies will help determine the long-term impact of AAP on human milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur C Naik
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Bridget N Chalifour
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Maria M Coffman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, Larson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), Human Milk Institute (HMI), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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4
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Tanner AE, Hall MA, Aguilar-Palma SK, Mann-Jackson L, Alonzo J, Bertoni AG, McCoy TP, Garcia M, Sucaldito AD, Turner MJ, Robles Arvizu J, Russell LP, Rhodes SD. Understanding uptake of COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and boosters among Spanish-speaking Latines in the United States: Qualitative insights from Spanish speakers and key informants. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296812. [PMID: 38452119 PMCID: PMC10919869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latine communities in the United States have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. It is critical to gain a better understanding of the sociocultural determinants that challenge and facilitate COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake within these vulnerable communities to inform culturally congruent strategies and interventions. METHODS In summer 2022, our community-based participatory research partnership conducted 30 key informant interviews and 7 focus groups with 64 Spanish-speaking Latine participants in North Carolina. Interviewees consisted of representatives from health and service organizations, most of whom were engaged with direct service to Spanish speakers. Interviews were conducted in either English or Spanish, depending on the preference of the participant; all focus groups were conducted in Spanish. Interviews and focus groups were conducted in person or by videoconference. RESULTS Twenty themes emerged that we organize into four domains: general perceptions about COVID-19; barriers to COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake; facilitators to COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake; and recommendations to promote testing, vaccination, and booster uptake. DISCUSSION Results underscore important sociocultural determinants of ongoing COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake to consider in developing interventions for Spanish-speaking Latines in the United States. Based on this formative work, our partnership developed Nuestra Comunidad Saludable (Our Healthy Community). We are implementing the intervention to test whether trained peer navigators can increase COVID-19 testing, vaccination, and booster uptake among Spanish-speaking Latines through blending in-person interactions and mHealth (mobile health) strategies using social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Tanner
- Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Hall
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest University School of Law, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Lilli Mann-Jackson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Program in Community-Engaged Research, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jorge Alonzo
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. McCoy
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Manuel Garcia
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Ana D. Sucaldito
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Program in Community-Engaged Research, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Mari Jo Turner
- Hispanic League, Inc, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jose Robles Arvizu
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Laurie P. Russell
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Rhodes
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Program in Community-Engaged Research, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
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5
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Ellis KR, Raji D, Pennings JS, Thorpe RJ, Bruce MA. Caregiving and Obesity among Black American Adults. Soc Work Res 2024; 48:38-47. [PMID: 38455109 PMCID: PMC10915901 DOI: 10.1093/swr/svae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Black American adults often report higher rates of obesity and caregiving compared with other racial or ethnic groups. Consequently, many Black American caregivers and care recipients are obese or have obesity-related chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension). This study investigated associations between caregiving and obesity among Black Americans, including the role of health behaviors and chronic conditions. The sample included data from 2015 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for non-Hispanic Black (NHB) or African American adult caregivers (n = 2,562) and noncaregivers (n = 7,027). The association between obesity (dependent variable) and caregiving status, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, physical activity, and number of chronic conditions (independent variables) were evaluated using hierarchical binomial logistic regressions. Caregiving, being female, and chronic conditions were associated with higher odds of obesity, while physical activity was associated with lower odds of obesity. Physical activity, diet, and chronic conditions did not account for differences in obesity among caregiving and noncaregiving Black Americans. Increasing understanding of health behaviors and chronic disease burden of NHB caregivers has implications for programs aiming to improve obesity-related outcomes for caregivers and recipients. Future research should investigate multilevel factors that contribute to observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina R Ellis
- PhD, MPH, MSW, is assistant professor, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dolapo Raji
- MPH, MHI, is research associate specialist intermediate, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacquelyn S Pennings
- PhD, PStat, is research associate professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Biostatistics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- PhD, is professor, Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marino A Bruce
- PhD, is associate dean for research and clinical professor, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Torres-Blasco N, Peña-Vargas C, Costas-Muñiz R, Rosario-Ramos L, Shen MJ, Castro E. Psychosocial symptoms associated with spiritual well-being in Latino patients and caregivers coping with advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:195. [PMID: 38411749 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, with spiritual well-being in patients and family caregivers. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients (n = 57) and caregivers (n = 57) that incorporated assessments that measured spiritual well-being, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, quality of life, family relationship, burden, fatalism, religiosity, and distress. Logistic regression and cross-tabulation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, with spiritual well-being. Logistic regression was used to quantify the impact of spiritual well-being on anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Additionally, cross-tabulations with chi-square tests were conducted to explore associations between severity of hopelessness and severity of anxiety and depression. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses showed negative associations between spiritual well-being and mental health outcomes, although not all findings were statistically significant. Among caregivers, a significant negative relationship was observed for depression (B = - 0.161, p = 0.022). Hopelessness also exhibited a negative association with spiritual well-being among caregivers (B = - 0.099, p = 0.054) and patients (B = - .152, p = 0.038). Cross-tabulations highlighted significant associations in the severity of hopelessness symptoms with anxiety and depression levels among caregivers (p < .001). CONCLUSION Results reveal a relationship among psychosocial symptoms among Latino patient-caregivers coping with cancer. By emphasizing spiritual well-being, hopelessness, and anxiety and involving family patients and caregivers in the treatment process as a unit of care. Also, it indicates the need to develop culturally tailored interventions that aim to provide valuable assistance to Latino patients and caregivers coping with cancer.
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Grants
- 5G12MD007579, 5R25MD007607, R21MD013674, and 5U54MS007579-35 National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5G12MD007579, 5R25MD007607, R21MD013674, and 5U54MS007579-35 National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5G12MD007579, 5R25MD007607, R21MD013674, and 5U54MS007579-35 National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5G12MD007579, 5R25MD007607, R21MD013674, and 5U54MS007579-35 National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5G12MD007579, 5R25MD007607, R21MD013674, and 5U54MS007579-35 National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5G12MD007579, 5R25MD007607, R21MD013674, and 5U54MS007579-35 National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 2U54CA163071 and 2U54CA163068), R21CA180831-02 , , 5K08CA234397-01A1 National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute
- 2U54CA163071 and 2U54CA163068), R21CA180831-02 , , 5K08CA234397-01A1 National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute
- 2U54CA163071 and 2U54CA163068), R21CA180831-02 , , 5K08CA234397-01A1 National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute
- 2U54CA163071 and 2U54CA163068), R21CA180831-02 , , 5K08CA234397-01A1 National Cancer Institute National Cancer Institute
- P30CA008748 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- P30CA008748 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- P30CA008748 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- P30CA008748 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- 133798-PF-19-120-01-CPPB American Cancer Society
- 133798-PF-19-120-01-CPPB American Cancer Society
- 133798-PF-19-120-01-CPPB American Cancer Society
- 133798-PF-19-120-01-CPPB American Cancer Society
- 133798-PF-19-120-01-CPPB American Cancer Society
- 5U54MS007579-35 by National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5U54MS007579-35 by National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5U54MS007579-35 by National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5U54MS007579-35 by National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
- 5U54MS007579-35 by National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities
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Affiliation(s)
- Normarie Torres-Blasco
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
- Ponce's Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
| | - Cristina Peña-Vargas
- Ponce's Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Rosario Costas-Muñiz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lianel Rosario-Ramos
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Megan J Shen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eida Castro
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Ponce's Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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Sabri B, Perrin N, Hagos M. The being safe, health and positively empowered pilot randomized controlled trial: A digital multicomponent intervention for immigrant women with cumulative exposures to violence. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2024:2024-50863-001. [PMID: 38330368 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pre- and postmigration exposures to violence are significant social determinants of immigrant women's health, safety, and well-being, with Black immigrant women being at high risk because of many coming from conflict-zone countries. The existing literature does not report the development and testing of a multicomponent digital intervention to address safety and health issues among immigrant women with cumulative exposures to violence. This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated preliminary efficacy of a multicomponent digital intervention (BSHAPE) to improve health and safety outcomes for immigrant women with cumulative violence exposures, posttraumatic stress disorder and/or depression symptoms, and human immune deficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors. METHOD The intervention was developed based on formative qualitative work and input from women. In the randomized controlled trial, 144 Black immigrant women, average age being 33.6 years, were randomly assigned to either the BSHAPE arm (n = 72) or a control arm (n = 72). Data were collected at four time points over 12 months. A generalized estimating equation analysis was performed to examine group differences in change in outcomes over time. RESULTS Compared to the control arm, participants in BSHAPE showed significant improvement in multiple outcome measures (e.g., HIV/STI risk). CONCLUSION This pilot trial of BSHAPE showed promising results for immigrant women with lifetime exposures to violence, poor mental health, and HIV risk. The study also provided useful information to further improve BSHAPE for a full-scale efficacy trial. The digital BSHAPE can be especially advantageous for violence-affected immigrant women who face numerous barriers to accessing in-person care for their safety and health needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Chalifour B, Holzhausen EA, Lim JJ, Yeo EN, Shen N, Jones DP, Peterson BS, Goran MI, Liang D, Alderete TL. The potential role of early life feeding patterns in shaping the infant fecal metabolome: implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes. NPJ Metab Health Dis 2023; 1:2. [PMID: 38299034 PMCID: PMC10828959 DOI: 10.1038/s44324-023-00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Infant fecal metabolomics can provide valuable insights into the associations of nutrition, dietary patterns, and health outcomes in early life. Breastmilk is typically classified as the best source of nutrition for nearly all infants. However, exclusive breastfeeding may not always be possible for all infants. This study aimed to characterize associations between levels of mixed breastfeeding and formula feeding, along with solid food consumption and the infant fecal metabolome at 1- and 6-months of age. As a secondary aim, we examined how feeding-associated metabolites may be associated with early life neurodevelopmental outcomes. Fecal samples were collected at 1- and 6-months, and metabolic features were assessed via untargeted liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Feeding groups were defined at 1-month as 1) exclusively breastfed, 2) breastfed >50% of feedings, or 3) formula fed ≥50% of feedings. Six-month groups were defined as majority breastmilk (>50%) or majority formula fed (≥50%) complemented by solid foods. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years. Changes in the infant fecal metabolome were associated with feeding patterns at 1- and 6-months. Feeding patterns were associated with the intensities of a total of 57 fecal metabolites at 1-month and 25 metabolites at 6-months, which were either associated with increased breastmilk or increased formula feeding. Most breastmilk-associated metabolites, which are involved in lipid metabolism and cellular processes like cell signaling, were associated with higher neurodevelopmental scores, while formula-associated metabolites were associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores. These findings offer preliminary evidence that feeding patterns are associated with altered infant fecal metabolomes, which may be associated with cognitive development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Chalifour
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | - Joseph J. Lim
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Emily N. Yeo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Natalie Shen
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | - Donghai Liang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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9
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Kodali HP, Hitch L, Dunlap AF, Starvaggi M, Wyka KE, Huang TT. A systematic review on the relationship between the built environment and children's quality of life. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2472. [PMID: 38082378 PMCID: PMC10714453 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the effects of the built environment on children has mainly focused on disease outcomes; however, quality of life (QoL) has gained increasing attention as an important health and policy endpoint itself. Research on built environment effects on children's QoL could inform public health programs and urban planning and design. OBJECTIVE We aimed to review and synthesize the evidence of the relationship between built environment features and children's QoL. METHODS Five research databases were searched for quantitative peer-reviewed studies on children between 2 and 18 years, published in English or German between January 2010 and August 2023. Only primary research was considered. Included studies (n = 17) were coded and methodologically assessed with the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklists, and relevant data were extracted, analyzed, and synthesized, using the following built environment framework: (1) neighborhood green and blue space, (2) neighborhood infrastructure, and (3) neighborhood perception. RESULTS Green space was positively associated with children's QoL. Infrastructure yielded inconclusive results across all measured aspects. Overall neighborhood satisfaction was positively correlated with higher QoL but results on perceived environmental safety were mixed. CONCLUSIONS Most studies are correlational, making it difficult to infer causality. While the positive findings of green space on QoL are consistent, specific features of the built environment show inconsistent results. Overall perception of the built environment, such as neighborhood satisfaction, also shows more robust results compared to perceptions of specific features of the built environment. Due to the heterogeneity of both built environment and QoL measures, consistent measures of both concepts will help advance this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanish P Kodali
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Hitch
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ann F Dunlap
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Starvaggi
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katarzyna E Wyka
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terry Tk Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Liu M, Xu X, Chen X, Guo Y, Zhang S, Lin Y, Zhou H, Li M, Xie P, Xia W, Wang L, Zhuang X, Liao X. Body weight time in target range and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1263-1271. [PMID: 37216922 PMCID: PMC10480018 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prescription of weight loss to individuals is often characterized by weight fluctuations. However, current body weight management metrics may have difficulty characterizing the changes in body weight over time. We aim to characterize the long-term changes using body weight time in target range (TTR) and test its independent association with cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 4468 adults from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial. Body weight TTR was defined as the percentage of time during which body weight was within the Look AHEAD weight loss goal range. The associations of body weight TTR with cardiovascular outcomes were analysed using multivariable Cox modelling and restricted cubic spline function. Among the participants (mean age 58.9 years, 58.5% women, 66.5% White), there were 721 incident primary outcomes [cumulative incidence: 17.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 16.3-18.8%] during a median of 9.5 years of follow-up. Each 1 SD increase in body weight TTR was significantly associated with a decreased risk of the primary outcome (hazard ratio: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94) after adjusting for mean and variability of body weight and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Further analyses using restricted cubic spline indicated the inverse association between body weight TTR and the primary outcome in a dose-dependent manner. Similar associations remained significant among the participants with lower baseline or mean body weight. CONCLUSION In adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, higher body weight TTR was independently associated with lower risks of cardiovascular adverse events in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shaozhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yifen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Miaohong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peihan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinxue Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
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11
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Torres Blasco N, Rosario L, Shen MJ. Latino advanced cancer patients' prognostic awareness and familial cultural influences on advance care planning engagement: a qualitative study. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2023; 17:26323524231193038. [PMID: 37662440 PMCID: PMC10472825 DOI: 10.1177/26323524231193038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced cancer patients need an accurate understanding of their prognoses in order to engage in informed end-of-life care treatment decision-making. Latino cancer patients experience disparities around prognostic understanding, in part due to a lack of culturally competent communication around prognosis and advance care planning (ACP). Objective The objective of the present study of Latino patients with advanced, terminally ill cancer is to examine their understanding of prognosis, and how cultural factors may influence this understanding and engagement in ACP. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted, which consisted of surveys and semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for sociodemographic information and self-reported prognostic understanding. Interviews around prognostic understanding and cultural influences on this understanding and engagement in ACP were recorded, transcribed, and then coded and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Findings Latino patients with advanced cancer (n = 20) completed a self-reported survey and participated in a semi-structured interview. Results indicate that among terminally ill patients, 50% of the patients inaccurately believed they had early-stage cancer, 85% did not believe their cancer was terminal, and 70% believed their cancer was curable. Moreover, interviews yielded two main themes: varying levels of awareness of the incurability of their cancer and diverse end-of-life care decision-making and treatment preferences based on prognostic understanding. Within these themes, patients expressed denial or acceptance of their prognosis through communication with the oncologist, the importance of family, and incorporating their pre-existing beliefs. Conclusion Findings indicate the importance of communication, family involvement, and incorporation of beliefs for promoting an accurate prognostic understanding among Latino patients. It is imperative to address disparities in Latino advanced cancer patients' prognostic understanding so they can engage in informed treatment decision-making around end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normarie Torres Blasco
- School of Behavioral and Brain Science Ponce Health Science University, 388 Zona Industrial Reparada 2, Ponce, 00732-7004, USA
| | - Lianel Rosario
- Ponce Health Science University, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Megan J. Shen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Boyd AD, Gonzalez-Guarda R, Lawrence K, Patil CL, Ezenwa MO, O’Brien EC, Paek H, Braciszewski JM, Adeyemi O, Cuthel AM, Darby JE, Zigler CK, Ho PM, Faurot KR, Staman KL, Leigh JW, Dailey DL, Cheville A, Del Fiol G, Knisely MR, Grudzen CR, Marsolo K, Richesson RL, Schlaeger JM. Potential bias and lack of generalizability in electronic health record data: reflections on health equity from the National Institutes of Health Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1561-1566. [PMID: 37364017 PMCID: PMC10436149 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Embedded pragmatic clinical trials (ePCTs) play a vital role in addressing current population health problems, and their use of electronic health record (EHR) systems promises efficiencies that will increase the speed and volume of relevant and generalizable research. However, as the number of ePCTs using EHR-derived data grows, so does the risk that research will become more vulnerable to biases due to differences in data capture and access to care for different subsets of the population, thereby propagating inequities in health and the healthcare system. We identify 3 challenges-incomplete and variable capture of data on social determinants of health, lack of representation of vulnerable populations that do not access or receive treatment, and data loss due to variable use of technology-that exacerbate bias when working with EHR data and offer recommendations and examples of ways to actively mitigate bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Boyd
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Katharine Lawrence
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Crystal L Patil
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Miriam O Ezenwa
- University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emily C O’Brien
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hyung Paek
- Biostatistics (Health Informatics), Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Oluwaseun Adeyemi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Allison M Cuthel
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Juanita E Darby
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - P Michael Ho
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen L Staman
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan W Leigh
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dana L Dailey
- Physical Therapy, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, Iowa, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrea Cheville
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guilherme Del Fiol
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Corita R Grudzen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Keith Marsolo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel L Richesson
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Judith M Schlaeger
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Venta A, Richardson A, Gallagher MW, Mercado A, Colunga-Rodriguez C, Gonzalez MA, Picazo GD. Factor structure of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised in Latin American young adults. Psychol Trauma 2023:2023-96480-001. [PMID: 37535536 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than 550 million people speak Spanish and, yet, psychometric data on psychological instruments in Spanish lags. Given evidence of significant traumatic exposure and distress among Spanish speakers, the aim of the current study was to examine the factor structure of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), in a large sample of Spanish-speaking adults. METHOD Participants (n = 725) were university students living in Latin America (M = 21.02; SD = 3.12). Most were born in Mexico (77.6%) and the next largest subgroup was from Ecuador (18.9%). Respondents completed the 22-item IES-R. RESULTS The IES-R mean score was 20.08 (SD = 21.34) and 26.6% of the sample met the cutoff score for clinically significant symptoms. Regarding factor structure, eight different factor structures that have demonstrated a good fit in the extant literature were examined. The one-factor model demonstrated an acceptable fit, χ²(209) = 839.13, p < .0001; root-mean-square error (RMSEA) = 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.06, 0.07]; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.91, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.90. The two-factor model demonstrated good fit, χ²(208) = 746.70, p < .0001; RMSEA = 0.06, 95% CI [0.05, 0.06]; CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, and nested model comparisons of the two-factor and one-factor models using the chi-square difference test supported the two-factor model. CONCLUSIONS The most parsimonious of the multifactor models, a two-factor model with Avoidance symptoms as one factor and Intrusions and Hyperarousal combined into a second may be of greatest use for this particular version of the IES-R. The current research demonstrates strong psychometric support for Intrusion/Hyperarousal and Avoidance subscales when measuring traumatic stress in Spanish speakers and underscores the need for culturally and contextually sensitive assessment in this population, in which posttraumatic stress is prevalent. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alfonso Mercado
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
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14
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Garfin DR, Amador A, Osorio J, Ruivivar KS, Torres A, Nyamathi AM. Adaptation of a mindfulness-based intervention for trauma-exposed, unhoused women with substance use disorder. Psychol Trauma 2023:2023-79618-001. [PMID: 37307346 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women experiencing homelessness (WEH) report exceedingly high rates of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder (SUD). Mindfulness-based interventions including Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) may help lower traumatic stress-related symptoms and reduce SUD, but have been underexplored in community-based settings serving WEH with symptoms of PTSD and SUD. METHOD We used a mixed-method, community-engaged approach that implemented a Community Advisory Board and the ADAPT-ITT (assessment, decision, adaptation, production, topical experts, integration, training, testing) framework, including intervention demonstrations, to adapt and refine MBSR for WEH experiencing symptoms of PTSD/SUD. Trauma-exposed WEH (N = 28) living at a drug treatment site provided perspectives and feedback on an MBSR demonstration via quantitative questionnaires and four focus groups. RESULTS Quantitative measures indicated high perceived acceptability and feasibility: Nearly all WEH reported MBSR activities (including yoga, meditation, body scans, class discussion, and home practice) would be at least "somewhat helpful"; between 71.43% to 89.29% reported each activity would be "a great deal helpful." Most reported the focus group sessions were useful for providing feedback relevant for improving program design and administration. Qualitative findings revealed four themes aligning with quantitative findings that provided useful suggestions to guide MBSR implementation with trauma-exposed WEH: (a) perception of feasibility and effectiveness of MBSR, (b) strategies for successful recruitment, (c) strategies for successful retention, and (d) characteristics of the MBSR trainer. CONCLUSIONS Focus group recommendations could bolster intervention compliance, engagement, and completion for MBSR and community-based programs for WEH more generally. Results provide suggestions for implementing a trauma-sensitive approach when administering MBSR to trauma-exposed WEH. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rose Garfin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alexandra Amador
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jessica Osorio
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine
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15
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Rodriguez JA, Charles JP, Bates DW, Lyles C, Southworth B, Samal L. Digital healthcare equity in primary care: implementing an integrated digital health navigator. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:965-970. [PMID: 36795062 PMCID: PMC10114024 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 21st Century Cures Act and the rise of telemedicine led to renewed focus on patient portals. However, portal use disparities persist and are in part driven by limited digital literacy. To address digital disparities in primary care, we implemented an integrated digital health navigator program supporting portal use among patients with type II diabetes. During our pilot, we were able to enroll 121 (30.9%) patients onto the portal. Of newly enrolled or trained patients, 75 (62.0%) were Black, 13 (10.7%) were White, 23 (19.0%) were Hispanic/Latinx, 4 (3.3%) were Asian, 3 (2.5%) were of another race or ethnicity, and 3 (2.5%) had missing data. Our overall portal enrollment for clinic patients with type II diabetes increased for Hispanic/Latinx patients from 30% to 42% and Black patients from 49% to 61%. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to understand key implementation components. Using our approach, other clinics can implement an integrated digital health navigator to support patient portal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Rodriguez
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Charles
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W Bates
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Courtney Lyles
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bonnie Southworth
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lipika Samal
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hao Y, Evans GW, Farah MJ. Pessimistic cognitive biases mediate socioeconomic status and children's mental health problems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5191. [PMID: 36997593 PMCID: PMC10063619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher rates of emotional disorders in childhood and beyond. Here we assessed one possible contributor to this disparity, a cognitive bias in the interpretation of negative events, in a group of 341 9-year-olds (49% female, 94% White) ranging widely in SES. This cognitive bias, known as pessimism in the attributional style literature, is the tendency to interpret negative events as persistent (Stable) and pervasive (Global). It was found to be more common among lower SES children (effect sizes = 0.18-0.24 depending on SES measures: income to needs ratio, proportion of poverty from birth to age 9, and parental educational attainment). Moreover, persistent, pervasive adversity in children's lives predicted this bias and mediated the SES-pessimism link. Pessimistic attributional style, in turn, was related to childhood emotional problems and mediated the relation between SES and these problems. Finally, evidence for serial mediation of the SES-mental health problems relationship was found via persistent, pervasive adversity and pessimism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Center for Neuroscience and Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Gary W Evans
- Departments of Psychology and Human Centered Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Martha J Farah
- Center for Neuroscience and Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Harris LK, Conklin JL, Woods-Giscombe CL, Cortés YI. Mapping definitions, measures and methodologies of assessing police violence in the health literature: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066946. [PMID: 36921937 PMCID: PMC10030772 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Police violence is a growing public health issue in the USA. Emerging evidence suggests that negative police encounters are associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. There is a critical need to examine the relationship between police violence and health disparities. However, the lack of consensus on a conceptual and operational definition of police violence is a limitation in scientific investigations on police violence and its health impacts. Here, we present the protocol for a scoping review that maps definitions, measures and methodologies of assessing police violence in the health literature. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will comprehensively search PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and APA PsycInfo databases. We will use the following string of key terms separated with the Boolean operator 'or': 'police violence', 'police brutality', 'police use of force', 'law enforcement violence', 'law enforcement brutality', 'law enforcement use of force' and 'legal intervention'. An English language limit will be applied. We will include studies published in English or that have an English language abstract available. Eligible studies will include: (1) a definition of police violence and/or (2) a measurement of police violence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This scoping review does not require ethical approval. The findings of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and at conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latesha K Harris
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie L Conklin
- Health Science Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cheryl L Woods-Giscombe
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yamnia I Cortés
- School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Tjia J, Pugnaire M, Calista J, Eisdorfer E, Hale J, Terrien J, Valdman O, Potts S, Garcia M, Yazdani M, Puerto G, Okero M, Duodu V, Sabin J. Using Simulation-Based Learning with Standardized Patients (SP) in an Implicit Bias Mitigation Clinician Training Program. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2023; 10:23821205231175033. [PMID: 37324051 PMCID: PMC10265320 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231175033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To describe the development and refinement of an implicit bias recognition and management training program for clinical trainees. Methods In the context of an NIH-funded clinical trial to address healthcare disparities in hypertension management, research and education faculty at an academic medical center used a participatory action research approach to engage local community members to develop and refine a "knowledge, awareness, and skill-building" bias recognition and mitigation program. The program targeted medical residents and Doctor of Nursing Practice students. The content of the two-session training included: didactics about healthcare disparities, racism and implicit bias; implicit association test (IAT) administration to raise awareness of personal implicit bias; skill building for bias-mitigating communication; and case scenarios for skill practice in simulation-based encounters with standardized patients (SPs) from the local community. Results The initial trial year enrolled n = 65 interprofessional participants. Community partners and SPs who engaged throughout the design and implementation process reported overall positive experiences, but SPs expressed need for greater faculty support during in-person debriefings following simulation encounters to balance power dynamics. Initial year trainee participants reported discomfort with intensive sequencing of in-person didactics, IATs, and SP simulations in each of the two training sessions. In response, authors refined the training program to separate didactic sessions from IAT administration and SP simulations, and to increase safe space, and trainee and SP empowerment. The final program includes more interactive discussions focused on identity, race and ethnicity, and strategies to address local health system challenges related to structural racism. Conclusion It is possible to develop and implement a bias awareness and mitigation skills training program that uses simulation-based learning with SPs, and to engage with local community members to tailor the content to address the experience of local patient populations. Further research is needed to measure the success and impact of replicating this approach elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tjia
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michele Pugnaire
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Joanne Calista
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Executive Director, Center for Health Impact, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Eisdorfer
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Janet Hale
- Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jill Terrien
- Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Olga Valdman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Stacy Potts
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maria Garcia
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Majid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Geraldine Puerto
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Miriam Okero
- Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vennesa Duodu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Janice Sabin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Terman SW, Aschmann HE, Hutton DW, Burke JF. Best-worst scaling preferences among patients with well-controlled epilepsy: Pilot results. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282658. [PMID: 36867630 PMCID: PMC9983827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common, serious condition. Fortunately, seizure risk decreases with increasing seizure-free time on antiseizure medications (ASMs). Eventually, patients may consider whether to stop ASMs, which requires weighing treatment benefit versus burden. We developed a questionnaire to quantify patient preferences relevant to ASM decision-making. Respondents rated how concerning they would finding relevant items (e.g., seizure risks, side effects, cost) on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-100) and then repeatedly chose the most and least concerning item from subsets (best-worst scaling, BWS). We pretested with neurologists, then recruited adults with epilepsy who were seizure-free at least one year. Primary outcomes were recruitment rate, and qualitative and Likert-based feedback. Secondary outcomes included VAS ratings and best-minus-worst scores. Thirty-one of 60 (52%) contacted patients completed the study. Most patients felt VAS questions were clear (28; 90%), easy to use (27; 87%), and assessed preferences well (25; 83%). Corresponding results for BWS questions were 27 (87%), 29 (97%), and 23 (77%). Physicians suggested adding a 'warmup' question showing a completed example and simplifying terminology. Patients suggested ways to clarify instructions. Cost, inconvenience of taking medication, and laboratory monitoring were the least concerning items. Cognitive side effects and a 50% seizure risk in the next year were the most concerning items. Twelve (39%) of patients made at least one 'inconsistent choice' for example ranking a higher seizure risk as lower concern compared with a lower seizure risk, though 'inconsistent choices' represented only 3% of all question blocks. Our recruitment rate was favorable, most patients agreed the survey was clear, and we describe areas for improvement. 'Inconsistent' responses may lead us to collapse seizure probability items into a single 'seizure' category. Evidence regarding how patients weigh benefits and harms may inform care and guideline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Terman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hélène E. Aschmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David W. Hutton
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James F. Burke
- Department of Neurology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Rajaprakash M, Dean LT, Palmore M, Johnson SB, Kaufman J, Fallin DM, Ladd-Acosta C. DNA methylation signatures as biomarkers of socioeconomic position. Environ Epigenet 2022; 9:dvac027. [PMID: 36694711 PMCID: PMC9869656 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides a framework for the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation (DNAm) biomarkers to study the biological embedding of socioeconomic position (SEP) and summarizes the latest developments in the area. It presents the emerging literature showing associations between individual- and neighborhood-level SEP exposures and DNAm across the life course. In contrast to questionnaire-based methods of assessing SEP, we suggest that DNAm biomarkers may offer an accessible metric to study questions about SEP and health outcomes, acting as a personal dosimeter of exposure. However, further work remains in standardizing SEP measures across studies and evaluating consistency across domains, tissue types, and time periods. Meta-analyses of epigenetic associations with SEP are offered as one approach to confirm the replication of DNAm loci across studies. The development of DNAm biomarkers of SEP would provide a method for examining its impact on health outcomes in a more robust way, increasing the rigor of epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Rajaprakash
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lorraine T Dean
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Meredith Palmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joan Kaufman
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele M Fallin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Hughes Halbert C. Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Care: Where Do We Go From Here? J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1564-1566. [PMID: 36073955 PMCID: PMC9745423 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ogungbe O, Gilotra NA, Davidson PM, Farley JE, Dennison Himmelfarb CR, Post WS, Commodore-Mensah Y. Cardiac postacute sequelae symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in community-dwelling adults: cross-sectional study. Open Heart 2022. [PMCID: PMC9445235 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine risk factors for cardiac-related postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in community-dwelling adults after acute COVID-19 infection. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis among adults who tested positive for COVID-19. Outcomes were self-reported cardiac-related PASC. We conducted stepwise multivariable logistic regression to assess association between the risk factors (existing cardiovascular disease (CVD), pre-existing conditions, days since positive test, COVID-19 hospitalisation, age, sex, education, income) and cardiac-related PASC. Results In a sample of 442 persons, mean (SD) age was 45.4 (16.2) years, 71% were women, 13% were black, 46% had pre-existing conditions, 23% had cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and 4% had CVD. Prevalence of cardiac PASC was 43% and newly diagnosed cardiac conditions were 27%. The odds for cardiac-related PASC were higher among persons with underlying pre-existing conditions (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.00, 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.10) and among those who were hospitalised (aOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.58 to 5.83). Conclusions More than a third of persons with COVID-19 reported cardiac-related PASC symptoms. Underlying CVD, pre-existing diseases, age and COVID-19 hospitalisation are possible risk factors for cardiac-related PASC symptoms. COVID-19 may exacerbate CV risk factors and increase risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha A Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason E Farley
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease and Nursing Innovation, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheryl R Dennison Himmelfarb
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nicholas SB, Cervantes L. Health Care Equity and Justice Scorecard To Increase Diversity in Clinical Trial Recruitment and Retention. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1652-1655. [PMID: 35768179 PMCID: PMC9529187 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne B. Nicholas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lilia Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Velez JC, Friedman LE, Barbosa C, Castillo J, Juvinao-Quintero DL, Williams MA, Gelaye B. Evaluating the performance of the Pain Interference Index and the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire among Chilean injured working adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268672. [PMID: 35588123 PMCID: PMC9119477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain can lead to economic instability, decreased job productivity, and poor mental health. Therefore, reliable identification and quantification of chronic pain is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Objective To determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish language versions of the Pain Interference Index (PII) and the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPG) among a population of working adults who experienced injury in Santiago, Chile. Methods A total of 1,975 participants with work-related injuries were interviewed to collect sociodemographic, occupational, and chronic pain characteristics. Construct validity and factorial structure of the PII and SF-MPG were assessed through exploratory factor analyses (EFA). Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency. Results The PII mean score was 3.84 ± 1.43 among all participants. The SF-MPG median score was 11 [IQR: 6–16] in this study population. Cronbach’s alpha for the PII was 0.90 and 0.87 for the SF-MP. EFA resulted in a one factor solution for the PII. A two-factor solution was found for the SF-MPG. The two-factors for SF-MPG were sensory and affective subscales with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 and 0.714, respectively. When the two scales were combined, an EFA analysis confirmed the PII and SF-MPG measure different aspects of chronic pain. Conclusions The PII and SF-MPG had good construct validity and reliability for assessing different aspects of chronic pain among working Chilean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Velez
- Departamento de Rehabilitación, Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lauren E. Friedman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Clarita Barbosa
- Multidisciplinary International Research Training (MIRT) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Castillo
- Departamento de Rehabilitación, Hospital del Trabajador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana L. Juvinao-Quintero
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Multidisciplinary International Research Training (MIRT) Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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McCabe K, Hotton A, Loyd AB, Floyd B, Donenberg G, Fletcher FE. The process of adapting a sexual health intervention for Black early adolescents: a stakeholder engagement approach. Health Educ Res 2022; 37:7-22. [PMID: 34865042 PMCID: PMC9092122 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Young Black women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Notably, few sexual health interventions for Black girls have documented the process of utilizing stakeholder input from the Black community to culturally tailor content. We conducted formative work in Chicago to adapt a mother-daughter HIV/STI prevention intervention originally designed for Black adolescent girls aged 14-18 years to meet the needs of early adolescent girls aged 11-13 years. Our iterative process involved three phases: (i) soliciting feedback from an expert panel and community advisory board; (ii) conducting focus groups with experienced research participants; and (iii) theater testing a new curriculum in the target population. Key findings of this process indicate the importance of sophisticated community engagement strategies to shape research design and program implementation. Findings may be used to inform processes for future adaptation work, especially in sexual health programs for young Black girls and their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McCabe
- Sinai Urban Health Institute, Sinai Chicago, 1500 S. Fairfield, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - A Hotton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - A B Loyd
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - B Floyd
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St, 654 SPHPI, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - G Donenberg
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 S. Wolcott Ave, SRH 6th Floor, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - F E Fletcher
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite 310DK, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Thomas MD, Mendez RM, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Sohail S, Chae DH, Márquez-Magaña L, Sellers R, Woods-Giscombé CL, Allen AM. OUP accepted manuscript. The Gerontologist 2022; 62:762-772. [PMID: 35084030 PMCID: PMC9154235 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives African American women experience faster telomere shortening (i.e., cellular aging) compared with other racial–gender groups. Prior research demonstrates that race and gender interact to influence culturally specific norms for responding to socially-relevant stress and other stress-coping processes, which may affect healthy aging. Research Design and Methods Data are from African American Women’s Heart & Health Study participants who consented to DNA extraction (n = 140). Superwoman Schema (SWS) was measured using 5 validated subscales: presenting strength, emotion suppression, resisting vulnerability, motivation to succeed, and obligation to help others. Racial identity was measured using 3 subscales from the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity: racial centrality, private regard, and public regard. Relative telomere length (rTL) was measured using DNA extracted from blood samples. Path analysis tested associations and interactions between SWS and racial identity dimensions with rTL. Results For SWS, higher resistance to being vulnerable predicted longer telomeres. For racial identity, high private regard predicted longer telomeres while high public regard predicted shorter telomeres. Interactions were found between public regard and 2 SWS dimensions: among women with high public regard, emotion suppression (β = 0.20, p < .05) and motivation to succeed (β = 0.18, p < .05) were associated with longer rTL. The interaction between high centrality and emotion suppression predicted shorter rTL (β = −0.17, p < .05). Discussion and Implications Culturally specific responses to gendered racism and racial identity, developed early in life and shaped over the life course, are important psychosocial determinants of cellular aging among African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn D Thomas
- Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Address correspondence to: Marilyn D. Thomas, PhD, MPH, Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Box 0852, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. E-mail:
| | - Rebecca M Mendez
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Youchuan Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Saba Sohail
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David H Chae
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Rob Sellers
- Office of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheryl L Woods-Giscombé
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amani M Allen
- School of Public Health, Divisions of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Beasley JM, Ho JC, Conderino S, Thorpe LE, Shah M, Gujral UP, Zanowiak J, Islam N. Diabetes and hypertension among South Asians in New York and Atlanta leveraging hospital electronic health records. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:146. [PMID: 34922618 PMCID: PMC8684279 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension disparities are pronounced among South Asians. There is regional variation in the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the US, but it is unknown whether there is variation among South Asians living in the US. The objective of this study was to compare the burden of diabetes and hypertension between South Asian patients receiving care in the health systems of two US cities. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed using electronic health records (EHR) for 90,137 South Asians receiving care at New York University Langone in New York City (NYC) and 28,868 South Asians receiving care at Emory University (Atlanta). Diabetes was defined as having 2 + encounters with a diagnosis of diabetes, having a diabetes medication prescribed (excluding Acarbose/Metformin), or having 2 + abnormal A1C levels (≥ 6.5%) and 1 + encounter with a diagnosis of diabetes. Hypertension was defined as having 3 + BP readings of systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg, 2 + encounters with a diagnosis of hypertension, or having an anti-hypertensive medication prescribed. RESULTS Among South Asian patients at these two large, private health systems, age-adjusted diabetes burden was 10.7% in NYC compared to 6.7% in Atlanta. Age-adjusted hypertension burden was 20.9% in NYC compared to 24.7% in Atlanta. In Atlanta, 75.6% of those with diabetes had comorbid hypertension compared to 46.2% in NYC. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest differences by region and sex in diabetes and hypertension risk. Additionally, these results call for better characterization of race/ethnicity in EHRs to identify ethnic subgroup variation, as well as intervention studies to reduce lifestyle exposures that underlie the elevated risk for type 2 diabetes and hypertension development in South Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette M Beasley
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 462 First Avenue CD 673, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Joyce C Ho
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sarah Conderino
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Megha Shah
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Unjali P Gujral
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jennifer Zanowiak
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Nadia Islam
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Sierra I, Pérez-Mayoral J, Rosado K, Maldonado V, Alicea-Zambrana K, Reyes JS, Torres M, Tous L, Lopéz-Acevedo N, Diaz-Algorrí Y, Carlo-Chevere V, Rodriguez-Quilichini S, Cruz-Correa M. Implementation of Universal Colorectal Cancer Screening for Lynch Syndrome in Hispanics Living in Puerto Rico. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 8:1185-1191. [PMID: 33006754 PMCID: PMC8183604 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Puerto Rico and third among Hispanics in the USA. Up to 2-4% of colorectal cancer cases are a result of Lynch syndrome (LS), a hereditary cancer syndrome caused by a germline mutation in at least one of the DNA mismatch repair genes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of LS in colorectal tumors during the first 15-months after the implementation of universal tumor-based screening for LS in Puerto Rico. METHODS A total of 317 colorectal tumors were evaluated in a large private pathology laboratory from September 2014 to December 2015. Clinical characteristics were obtained from the pathology reports. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the magnitude of association (odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) between absent MMR protein expression and patient characteristics. RESULTS Most cases (93.4%) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry; 11.8% (35 of 296) had deficient mismatch repair protein expression. While 29 of the 317 cases were subjected to PCR-based microsatellite instability analysis of which 10.3% (3 of 317) had microsatellite instability. In total, 11.0% of the tumors were reported MMR deficient. These tumors were more likely from females and more likely localized in the proximal colon compared to those with proficient MMR expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data is consistent with the results from other studies including US Hispanics, where approximately 10% of Hispanic individuals with colorectal cancer have microsatellite instability. Our results support universal tumor-based screening for LS among Hispanics in accordance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sierra
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Julyann Pérez-Mayoral
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kathia Rosado
- Hato Rey Pathology Laboratories, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Valerie Maldonado
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | | | - José S Reyes
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Clinic, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Marla Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Clinic, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis Tous
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Clinic, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Yaritza Diaz-Algorrí
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico
| | - Victor Carlo-Chevere
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, PO BOX 365067, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Marcia Cruz-Correa
- Division of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, PO BOX 365067, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, Puerto Rico.
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Nolan TS, Bell AM, Chan YN, Leak Bryant A, Bissram JS, Hirschey R. Use of Video Education Interventions to Increase Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Cancer Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2021; 18:302-309. [PMID: 34561957 PMCID: PMC8483572 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 5% of eligible adult cancer survivors participate in cancer clinical trials. Survivors identifying as Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) are less likely to participate in clinical trials compared to those identifying as non-Hispanic White. Common barriers to BIPOC participation are lack of knowledge, lack of access, and mistrust. These barriers are all factors in the disparities observed in BIPOC cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Clinical trials need adequate BIPOC representation to garner generalizable findings that can reduce or eliminate cancer disparities associated with the social construct of race. AIM This systematic review examined the use of video education interventions to impact BIPOC survivor participation in clinical trials. METHODS Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases were queried for articles that described or tested video interventions aimed at increasing adult, BIPOC survivor clinical trial participation. Two authors independently screened articles for inclusion, appraised quality, and abstracted relevant data. All authors synthesized the data into themes through discussion and consensus. RESULTS The search yielded 2,512 articles. Seven selected articles described six distinct interventions. Although the six interventions reduced barriers to participation in clinical trials, their findings varied on Black and Hispanic survivors' readiness to enroll and participate in trials. Four themes emerged: (a) cultural sensitivity is needed in video development and delivery; (b) video content should be aimed to educate and change attitudes about clinical trials; (c) video interventions are feasible and acceptable; and (d) video interventions affect outcomes on intention or actual enrollment. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Video interventions are well-received by BIPOC survivors and may improve representation in clinical trials. Yet, video interventions are underutilized. More studies are needed to establish best practices for video interventions aimed at diversifying clinical trial participation as widening cancer disparities and rapidly changing cancer care continue to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timiya S Nolan
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - The James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ana' M Bell
- College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ya-Ning Chan
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley Leak Bryant
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer S Bissram
- Health Sciences Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Hirschey
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Rodriguez M, López-Cepero A, Ortiz-Martínez AP, Fernández-Repollet E, Pérez CM. Influence of Health Beliefs on COVID-19 Vaccination among Individuals with Cancer and Other Comorbidities in Puerto Rico. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:994. [PMID: 34579231 PMCID: PMC8473277 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnic minority populations are more likely to suffer from chronic comorbidities, making them more susceptible to the poor health outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection. Therefore, ensuring COVID-19 vaccination among vulnerable populations is of utmost importance. We aimed to investigate health behaviors and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination among adults self-reporting diagnosis of cancer and of other chronic comorbidities in Puerto Rico (PR). This secondary analysis used data from 1911 participants who completed an online survey from December 2020 to February 2021. The Health Belief Model was used to measure perceptions surrounding COVID-19 vaccination among individuals self-reporting diagnosis of cancer and of other chronic comorbidities, and healthy adults. Among study participants, 76% were female, 34% were 50 years or older, 5% self-reported cancer diagnosis, and 70% had other chronic comorbidities. Participants self-reporting a cancer diagnosis had two times higher odds of getting vaccinated than healthy individuals (95% CI: 1.00-4.30). Compared to healthy participants, those self-reporting being diagnosed with cancer and those with chronic conditions other than cancer had significantly higher perceived COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Our findings elucidate the effect of disease status on health-related decision-making and highlights information needed to be included in education campaigns to increase vaccine uptake among ethnic minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- McClaren Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Andrea López-Cepero
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ana P. Ortiz-Martínez
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Emma Fernández-Repollet
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Cynthia M. Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
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Credo J, Ingram JC. Perspective Developing Successful Collaborative Research Partnerships with AI/AN Communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9089. [PMID: 34501677 PMCID: PMC8430766 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people are frequently under- or misrepresented in research and health statistics. A principal reason for this disparity is the lack of collaborative partnerships between researchers and tribes. There are hesitations from both academic Western scientists and tribal communities to establish new partnerships due to differences in cultural and scientific understanding, from data ownership and privacy to dissemination and project expansion. An infamous example is the mishandling of samples collected from the Havasupai Tribe by Arizona State University (ASU) scientists, leading to a legal battle between the tribe and ASU and ending in a moratorium of research with the Havasupai people. This paper will explore three successful and positive collaborations with a large and small tribe, including how the partnerships were established and the outcomes of the collaboration. In addition, the paper will provide perspective of what needs to be addressed by Western scientists if productive collaborations with tribal groups are to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Credo
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jani C. Ingram
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;
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Stepan KO, Mazul AL, Skillington SA, Paniello RC, Rich JT, Zevallos JP, Jackson RS, Pipkorn P, Massa S, Puram SV. The prognostic significance of race in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by histological subtype. Head Neck 2021; 43:1797-1811. [PMID: 33620125 PMCID: PMC8480514 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race has been shown to have variable prognostic importance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, previous studies are limited by a lack of comprehensive treatment, epidemiologic, and comorbidity data. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for overall survival. RESULTS A cohort of 9995 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Race, insurance, comorbidity, treatment, stage, age, and histology were independent prognosticators. Among patients with keratinizing NPC, Asians and Hispanics had superior survival (aHR 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48-0.69], aHR 0.76 [95% CI 0.61-0.96]) compared to white patients. Among patients with non-keratinizing differentiated NPC, Asians and black patients had improved survival (aHR 0.71 [95% CI 0.56-0.91], aHR 0.72 [95% CI 0.54-0.95]) compared to white patients. Race was not prognostic in non-keratinizing undifferentiated NPC. CONCLUSION The prognostic significance of race varies across histological subtypes of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn O. Stepan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Angela L. Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - S. Andrew Skillington
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Randal C. Paniello
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jason T. Rich
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Ryan S. Jackson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Patrik Pipkorn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sean Massa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sidharth V. Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Ong PM, Pech C, Gutierrez NR, Mays VM. COVID-19 Medical Vulnerability Indicators: A Predictive, Local Data Model for Equity in Public Health Decision Making. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4829. [PMID: 33946561 PMCID: PMC8124803 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the outcome of a project to develop and assess a predictive model of vulnerability indicators for COVID-19 infection in Los Angeles County. Multiple data sources were used to construct four indicators for zip code tabulation areas: (1) pre-existing health condition, (2) barriers to accessing health care, (3) built environment risk, and (4) the CDC's social vulnerability. The assessment of the indicators finds that the most vulnerable neighborhoods are characterized by significant clustering of racial minorities. An overwhelming 73% of Blacks reside in the neighborhoods with the two highest levels of pre-existing health conditions. For the barriers to accessing health care indicator, 40% of Latinx reside in the highest vulnerability places. The built environment indicator finds that selected Asian ethnic groups (63%), Latinx (55%), and Blacks (53%) reside in the neighborhoods designated as high or the highest vulnerability. The social vulnerability indicator finds 42% of Blacks and Latinx and 38% of selected Asian ethnic group residing in neighborhoods of high vulnerability. The vulnerability indicators can be adopted nationally to respond to COVID-19. The metrics can be utilized in data-driven decision making of re-openings or resource distribution such as testing, vaccine distribution and other pandemic-related resources to ensure equity for the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Ong
- Department of Urban Planning, UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge, UCLA Luskin School of Public Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.M.O.); (C.P.); (N.R.G.)
| | - Chhandara Pech
- Department of Urban Planning, UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge, UCLA Luskin School of Public Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.M.O.); (C.P.); (N.R.G.)
| | - Nataly Rios Gutierrez
- Department of Urban Planning, UCLA Center for Neighborhood Knowledge, UCLA Luskin School of Public Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.M.O.); (C.P.); (N.R.G.)
| | - Vickie M. Mays
- Departments of Psychology and Health Policy & Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Kottek AM, Hoeft KS, White JM, Simmons K, Mertz EA. Implementing care coordination in a large dental care organization in the United States by upskilling front office personnel. Hum Resour Health 2021; 19:48. [PMID: 33827583 PMCID: PMC8028788 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care coordination is a key strategy used to improve health outcomes and efficiency, yet there are limited examples in dentistry. A large dental accountable care organization piloted care coordination by retraining existing administrative staff to coordinate the care of high-risk patients. Following the pilot's success, a formal "dental care advocate" (DCA) role was integrated system-wide. The goal of this new role is to improve care, patient engagement, and health outcomes while integrating staff into the clinical care team. We aim to describe the process of DCA role implementation and assess staff and clinician perceptions about the role pre- and post-implementation. METHODS Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, semi-structured interviews with clinical and operational administrative staff and observation at the company-wide training session were combined with pre- and post-implementation electronic surveys. Descriptive statistics and mean scores were tested for significance between each survey sample (t-tests), and qualitative data were thematically analyzed. RESULTS With preliminary evidence from the pilot and strong executive support, a dedicated leadership team executed a stepwise rollout of the DCA role over 6 months. Success was facilitated by an organizational culture of frequent interventions deployed rapidly through a centralized system, along with supportive buy-in from managerial teams and high staff acceptance and enthusiasm for the DCA role before implementation. Following implementation, significant changes in attitudes and beliefs about the role were measured, though managers held stronger positive impressions than DCAs. DCAs reported high confidence in new skills and dental knowledge post-implementation, including motivational interviewing and the ability to confidently answer patients' questions about their oral health. Overall, the fast-paced implementation of this new role was well received, although consistent and significant differences in mean attitudes between managers and DCAs indicate more work to fine-tune the role is needed. CONCLUSIONS Successful implementation of the new DCA role was facilitated by a strong organizational commitment to team-based dentistry and positive impressions of care coordination among staff and managers. Upskilling existing administrative staff with the necessary training to manage some high-risk patient needs is one method that can be used to implement care coordination efforts in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubri M. Kottek
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 11, Box 1242, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
- Healthforce Center at UCSF, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 11, Box 1242, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
| | - Kristin S. Hoeft
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 11, Box 1242, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
| | - Joel M. White
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 11, Box 1242, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
| | - Kristen Simmons
- Willamette Dental Group, P.C., 6950 NE Campus Way, Hillsboro, OR 97124 United States of America
- Skourtes Institute, 6950 NE Campus Way, Hillsboro, OR 97124 United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Mertz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 11, Box 1242, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
- Healthforce Center at UCSF, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 11, Box 1242, San Francisco, CA 94143 United States of America
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Lazaro-Escudero MI, Burgos-Cardona CA, Acevedo-Fernández K, Castro-Figueroa EM. Technology-assisted depression screening tools for patients with cancer: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041878. [PMID: 33658259 PMCID: PMC7931762 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among patients with cancer, depression is still under-detected. The use of technology-assisted screening tools is rising; however, little is known about the uptake of these devices as depression screening tools among patients with cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The review is registered with PROSPERO and any adjustments to the protocol will be traced. The aims of this systematic review are to (1) identify the most common and feasible depression screening information technology (IT) delivery models among patients with cancer, (2) identify the most common depression screening instrument used in IT devices and (3) describe the published technology-assisted depression screening tools for patients with cancer. PubMed, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases will be used. PICO (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) guidelines will inform the inclusion criteria. Two researchers will independently review titles and abstracts, followed by full article review and data extraction. In the case of a disagreement, a third reviewer will make the final decision. Title/abstract screening will be conducted using a screening tool prepared by the researchers. Articles will be included for review if: (1) the study includes patients with cancer, cancer survivors and/or patients on remission, (2) depression is screened using technology and (3) technology-assisted depression screening effectiveness, efficacy, feasibility and/or acceptance is addressed. The quality of the articles will be assessed using the Methodological Index For Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS, maximum score 24) through independent coding of reviewers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This research is exempt from ethics approval given that this is a protocol for a systematic review, which uses published data. Findings from this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42019121048.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina Acevedo-Fernández
- Clinical Psychology Department, Department of Psychiatry, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Eida Maria Castro-Figueroa
- Clinical Psychology Department, Department of Psychiatry, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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Schranz AJ, Belenky N, Moss HA, Napravnik S, Rosen DL. Voter Registration Among People With HIV in North Carolina. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab037. [PMID: 33614820 PMCID: PMC7885856 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons with HIV (PWH) represent a socially and medically vulnerable population who often depend on public resources. We examined voter registration among PWH in North Carolina. Sixty-four percent were registered to vote. Registration was lower among PWH who were young, Hispanic, publicly insured or uninsured, and who had poor HIV health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher J Schranz
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Correspondence: Asher J. Schranz, MD, MPH, 130 Mason Farm Rd. (Bioinformatics), CB #7030, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7030 ()
| | - Nadya Belenky
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haley A Moss
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L Rosen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Page-Reeves J, Murray-Krezan C, Regino L, Perez J, Bleecker M, Perez D, Wagner B, Tigert S, Bearer EL, Willging CE. A randomized control trial to test a peer support group approach for reducing social isolation and depression among female Mexican immigrants. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33430845 PMCID: PMC7798010 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female Mexican Immigrants (FMIs) experience high rates of depression compared with other populations. For this population, depression is often exacerbated by social isolation associated with the experience of immigration. Aim 1. To measure whether a culturally situated peer group intervention will reduce depression and stress associated with the experience of immigration. Aim 2. To test whether an intervention using a "women's funds of knowledge" approach results in improved resilience, knowledge and empowerment. Aim 3. To investigate whether a culturally situated peer group intervention using a women's funds of knowledge approach can give participants a sense and experience of social and physical connection ("emplacement") that is lost in the process of immigration. METHODS This mixed-methods study will implement "Tertulias" ("conversational gatherings" in Spanish), a peer support group intervention designed to improve health outcomes for FMI participants in Albuquerque, New Mexico. We will document results of the intervention on our primary hypotheses of a decrease in depression, and increases in resilience and social support, as well as on our secondary hypotheses of decreased stress (including testing of hair cortisol as a biomarker for chronic stress), and an increase in social connectedness and positive assessment of knowledge and empowerment. DISCUSSION This project will address mental health disparities in an underserved population that experiences high rates of social isolation. Successful completion of this project will demonstrate that health challenges that may appear too complex and too hard to address can be using a multi-level, holistic approach. Our use of hair samples to test for the 3-month average levels of systemic cortisol will contribute to the literature on an emerging biomarker for analyzing chronic stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 2/3/20, Identifier # NCT04254198 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lidia Regino
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Perez
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Susan Tigert
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Donenberg GR, Kendall AD, Emerson E, Fletcher FE, Bray BC, McCabe K. IMARA: A mother-daughter group randomized controlled trial to reduce sexually transmitted infections in Black/African-American adolescents. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239650. [PMID: 33137103 PMCID: PMC7605636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Black/African-American girls are infected with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at higher rates than their White counterparts. This study tested the efficacy of IMARA, a mother-daughter psychosocial STI/HIV prevention program, on adolescent Black/African-American girls’ incident STIs at 12 months in a 2-arm group randomized controlled trial. Black/African-American girls 14–18 years old and their primary female caregiver were eligible for the study. Girls provided urine samples to test for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and T. vaginalis infection at baseline and 12-months. Mother-daughter dyads were randomly assigned to IMARA (n = 118) or a time-matched health promotion control program (n = 81). Retention at 12-months was 86% with no difference across arms. Both interventions were delivered over two consecutive Saturdays totaling 12 hours. Girls who received IMARA were 43% less likely to contract a new STI in the 12-month post-intervention period compared with those in the health promotion control program (p = .011). A secondary follow-up intent-to-treat analysis provided additional support for the protective effect of IMARA, albeit with a similar magnitude of 37% (p = .014). Findings provide early evidence for IMARA’s efficacy, such that IMARA protected against STIs at 12-months among adolescent Black/African-American girls. Future research should examine the mechanisms associated with reduced STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri R. Donenberg
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Healthy Youths Program, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Community Outreach Intervention Projects, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashley D. Kendall
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Healthy Youths Program, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Erin Emerson
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Healthy Youths Program, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Community Outreach Intervention Projects, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Faith E. Fletcher
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bethany C. Bray
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kelly McCabe
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Healthy Youths Program, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Yitshak-Sade M, Lane KJ, Fabian MP, Kloog I, Hart JE, Davis B, Fong KC, Schwartz JD, Laden F, Zanobetti A. Race or racial segregation? Modification of the PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality association. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236479. [PMID: 32716950 PMCID: PMC7384646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have identified an inequitable distribution of exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 microns) by race. We investigated the association of PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality considering both the decedents' race and neighborhood racial composition as potential modifiers. METHODS We obtained geocoded cardiovascular mortality records of all black and white decedents from urban block-groups in Massachusetts between 2001 and 2011 (n = 130,863). We examined the association between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality, and assessed effect modification by three types of racial modifiers: decedents' race, census block-group percent black and white, and two novel measures of racial segregation. The Racial Residential Segregation (RRS) quantifies the concentration of non-Hispanic blacks and whites in each block-group. The Index of Racial Dissimilarity measures dissimilarity in non-Hispanic black and white racial distribution between the smaller census block-group and larger tract. RESULTS We found a 2.35%(95%CI: 0.92%;3.79%) increase in mortality for each 10μg/m3 increase in two-day average exposure to PM2.5. The effect was modified by the block-group racial composition, with higher risks in block-groups with the highest percentage of black residents (interaction p-value = 0.04), and in block-groups with the lowest RRS (i.e. higher black to white resident ratio, interaction p-value = 0.072). Racial dissimilarity did not modify the associations. CONCLUSION Current levels of PM2.5 are associated with increased cardiovascular deaths in Massachusetts, with different risks between areas with different racial composition and segregation. This suggests that pollution reductions in neighborhoods with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic blacks would be most beneficial in reducing cardiovascular mortality and disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Brigette Davis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kelvin C. Fong
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- School of Forestry & Environmental Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Francine Laden
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Robinson WR. Teaching yourself about structural racism will improve your machine learning. Biostatistics 2020; 21:339-344. [PMID: 31742353 PMCID: PMC7868043 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this commentary, we put forth the following argument: Anyone conducting machine learning in a health-related domain should educate themselves about structural racism. We argue that structural racism is a critical body of knowledge needed for generalizability in almost all domains of health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney R Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7345 McGavran-Greenberg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
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Kressin NR, Terrin N, Hanchate AD, Price LL, Moreno-Koehler A, LeClair A, Suzukida J, Kher S, Freund KM. Is insurance instability associated with hypertension outcomes and does this vary by race/ethnicity? BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:216. [PMID: 32178663 PMCID: PMC7077125 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable health insurance is often associated with better chronic disease care and outcomes. Racial/ethnic health disparities in outcomes are prevalent and may be associated with insurance instability, particularly in the context of health insurance reform. METHODS We examined whether insurance instability was associated with uncontrolled blood pressure (UBP) and whether this association varied by race/ethnicity. We used a retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study of patients diagnosed with hypertension who obtained care within two health systems in Massachusetts. We measured the UBP, insurance instability, and race of 43,785 adult primary care patients, age 21-64 with visits from 1/2005-12/2013. RESULTS We found higher rates of UBP for blacks and Hispanics at each time point over the entire 9 years. Insurance instability was associated with greater rates of UBP. Always uninsured black patients fared worst, while white and Hispanic patients with consistent public insurance fared best. CONCLUSIONS Stable insurance of any type was associated with better hypertension control than no or unstable insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R. Kressin
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Crosstown Center, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Norma Terrin
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Amresh D. Hanchate
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Crosstown Center, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Alejandro Moreno-Koehler
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Amy LeClair
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Box #63, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Jillian Suzukida
- Division of Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Sucharita Kher
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Karen M. Freund
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Division of Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Box #63, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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Tofaeono V, Ka’opua LSI, Sy A, Terada T, Taliloa-Vai Purcell R, Aoelua-Fanene S, Tong K, Tofaeono V, Unutoa-Mageo T, Scanlan L, Cassel K, Rosario A. Research Capacity Strengthening in American Samoa: Fa'avaeina le Fa'atelega o le Tomai Sa'ili'ili i Amerika Samoa. Br J Soc Work 2020; 50:525-547. [PMID: 32280149 PMCID: PMC7127868 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Capacity-building partnerships are central to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), the UN's blueprint for achieving global health equity. The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues endorses the SDG and underscores the need for global partnerships that respect local leadership and culture. Innovations that weave or integrate Indigenous and Western knowledges are emphasised. These recommendations guided the INdigenous Samoan Partnership to Initiate Research Excellence (INSPIRE). INSPIRE is led by investigators from American Samoa and supported by US co-investigators. In project year one, INSPIRE queried: What weaving approaches are feasible for promoting community access to INSPIRE's research hub and for training Indigenous researchers? Weaving procedures involved interlacing Samoan and Western knowledges. Cultural tailoring strategies were used to customise communications. Formative evaluation suggests the feasibility of INSPIRE's efforts. Evidential tailoring provided information on American Samoa (A.S.) social determinants of health; trainees indicated increased research commitment. Linguistic and sociocultural relevance tailoring were positively received; trainees reported increased interest in research praxis and initiated an A.S. research capacity-strengthening model. Social work assured knowledge parity in development/delivery of the training curriculum and culturally safe discussions on social determinants of health, territorial status and Samoan survivance. Findings are context-specific yet offer considerations for capacity-strengthening partnerships seeking to advance health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Va’atausili Tofaeono
- American Samoa Community Cancer Coalition, Pago Pago, AS, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lana Sue I Ka’opua
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Myron B Thompson School of Social Work, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Angela Sy
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tyran Terada
- John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine Tong
- Department of Nursing, Vanguard University, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Victor Tofaeono
- American Samoa Community Cancer Coalition, Pago Pago, AS, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Luana Scanlan
- American Samoa Community Cancer Coalition, Pago Pago, AS, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kevin Cassel
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Adelaida Rosario
- United States Public Health Service, Denver, CO, USA
- National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Evans WD, Andrade EL, Barrett N, Snider J, Cleary S, Edberg M. Outcomes of the Adelante community social marketing campaign for Latino youth. Health Educ Res 2019; 34:471-482. [PMID: 31106344 PMCID: PMC7962720 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The authors designed and evaluated an innovative, branded campaign called 'Adelante' to promote positive youth development (PYD) and reduce risk behaviors among Latino youth near Washington, DC. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the intervention and a comparison community to evaluate campaign exposure and changes in PYD outcomes. The sample consisted of 1549 Latino and immigrant adolescents surveyed at three time points in intervention and comparison communities. A social marketing campaign was implemented using outdoor advertising, Web, video and social media channels to promote PYD and health outcomes over a 1-year period from 2015 to 2016. Measures included media use; self-reported exposure to campaign promotions; Adelante message receptivity; validated PYD scales; substance use, sexual risk taking, violence-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, intentions and risk behavior. Outcomes were regressed first on campaign exposure to examine dose-response effects of the Adelante campaign over time. Second, we compared outcomes between the Adelante and comparison communities. We observed a positive effect of self-reported exposure on multiple outcomes, including improvements in pro-violence and sexual risk outcomes and lower pro-violence attitudes and lower risky attitudes toward sex. Adelante was effective in improving youth risk outcomes and offers a promising model for future health promotion with Latino and immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Douglas Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Andrade
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole Barrett
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeremy Snider
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean Cleary
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark Edberg
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA
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Castro-Figueroa EM, Torres-Blasco N, Rosal MC, Castro WP, González-Lorenzo ME, Vélez H, Costas-Muñiz R, Jiménez JC. Preferences, use of and satisfaction with mental health services among a sample of Puerto Rican cancer patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216127. [PMID: 31318876 PMCID: PMC6638843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the preferences, the use, satisfaction of mental health services (MHS) among a sample of Puerto Rican patients with cancer undergoing oncology treatment. METHODS A convenience sample of 120 patients diagnosed with cancer was recruited. Self-report questionnaires assessed socio-demographic and background questions, and the Mental Health Service Preference, Utilization and Satisfaction Questionnaire (MHSPUS). The Socio-demographic and Background Questionnaire inquired about participants' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and included questions such as history of psychiatric diagnosis and spiritual practices. Univariate and Chi square analyses were used for descriptive purposes. Logistic regressions were used to explore associations between sociodemographic factors and MHS preferences and use. RESULTS The majority of the sample were females (53.8%), 61 and older (53.8%), and married or living with partner (57.1%), and reported an income equal to or less than $12,000 per year (44.4%), which places them under the US federal poverty line. Most of the participants (66.7%) reported being receptive to seeking services. Findings showed a significant association between living situation and past (p < .05) and lifetime use (p < .05) of MHS and past use of MHS. Participants living alone were more like to have used MHS in the past and during their lifetime. Adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that living with someone was a protective factor for not using MHS in their lifetime (OR = 0.28; C1 = 0.08-0.95). Participants preferred to receive MHS at the oncology clinic, preferably on the date of their oncology appointments and during morning hours. CONCLUSION Findings support the integration of mental health services within the oncology practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eida M. Castro-Figueroa
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Department of Psychiatry, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Normarie Torres-Blasco
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Milagros C. Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United Sates of America
| | - Wallesca P. Castro
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Marilis E. González-Lorenzo
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Héctor Vélez
- School of Medicine, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Ponce Hematology Oncology, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Rosario Costas-Muñiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United Sates of America
| | - Julio C. Jiménez
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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Gibbons J, Malouf R, Spitzberg B, Martinez L, Appleyard B, Thompson C, Nara A, Tsou MH. Twitter-based measures of neighborhood sentiment as predictors of residential population health. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219550. [PMID: 31295294 PMCID: PMC6622529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have recently applied sentiment-based lexicons to Twitter to gauge local sentiment to understand health behaviors and outcomes for local areas. While this research has demonstrated the vast potential of this approach, lingering questions remain regarding the validity of Twitter mining and surveillance in local health research. First, how well does this approach predict health outcomes at very local scales, such as neighborhoods? Second, how robust are the findings garnered from sentiment signals when accounting for spatial effects? To evaluate these questions, we link 2,076,025 tweets from 66,219 distinct users in the city of San Diego over the period of 2014-12-06 to 2017-05-24 to the 500 Cities Project data and 2010-2014 American Community Survey data. We determine how well sentiment predicts self-rated mental health, sleep quality, and heart disease at a census tract level, controlling for neighborhood characteristics and spatial autocorrelation. We find that sentiment is related to some outcomes on its own, but these relationships are not present when controlling for other neighborhood factors. Evaluating our encoding strategy more closely, we discuss the limitations of existing measures of neighborhood sentiment, calling for more attention to how race/ethnicity and socio-economic status play into inferences drawn from such measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gibbons
- Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Malouf
- Department of Linguistics and Asian/Middle Eastern Languages, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Spitzberg
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lourdes Martinez
- School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce Appleyard
- School of Public Affairs and Fine Arts, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Caroline Thompson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Nara
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming-Hsiang Tsou
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
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López OV, Gorantla S, Segarra AC, Andino Norat MC, Álvarez M, Skolasky RL, Meléndez LM. Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist (BD1047) Decreases Cathepsin B Secretion in HIV-Infected Macrophages Exposed to Cocaine. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:226-240. [PMID: 30306495 PMCID: PMC6488453 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is mediated through the infiltration of perivascular macrophages into the brain with the secretion of viral, neurotoxic and inflammatory proteins. One of these proteins is cathepsin B (CATB), a lysosomal cysteine protease that induces neuronal apoptosis, and increases in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from HIV-1 infected patients (Cantres-Rosario et al. AIDS 27(3):347-356, 2013). Cocaine further potentiates CATB neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo (Zenón et al. J NeuroImmune Pharmacol 9(5):703-715, 2014). Modulation of sigma-1 (Sig1R) by cocaine increases oxidative species, cytokines and other factors that promote lysosomal disruption. However, the role of Sig1R in CATB secretion and HIV-1 replication in macrophages exposed to cocaine is unknown. We hypothesized that pharmacological modulation of Sig1R would alter CATB secretion from HIV-1 infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo. To test our hypothesis, monocyte derived-macrophages (MDM) from HIV-1 seronegative donors were isolated, infected with HIV-1ADA, and pretreated with Sig1R antagonist (BD1047) or Sig1R agonist (PRE-084) prior to cocaine exposure and followed for 3,6,9 and 11 days post-infection (dpi). Experiments in vivo were conducted using the HIV encephalitis mouse model (HIVE) with BD1047 treatments prior to cocaine for 14 days. Results demonstrate that in presence of cocaine, BD1047 decreases CATB secretion at 11 dpi, while PRE-084 did not have an effect. In the mouse model, BD1047 treatment prior to cocaine decreased CATB expression, cleaved caspase-3 an p24 antigen levels, reduced astrocytosis, but did not increase MAP-2 or synaptophysin. Results demonstrate that Sig1R plays a role in the modulation of CATB levels in HIV-1 infected MDM exposed to cocaine in vitro and in vivo. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Vélez López
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Annabell C Segarra
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, 00921, Puerto Rico
| | - María C Andino Norat
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Bayamón Campus, Bayamón, 00959, Puerto Rico
| | - Manuel Álvarez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00921, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard L Skolasky
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Director, Spine Outcomes Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Loyda M Meléndez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
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Wang ML, Little TV, Frisard C, Borg A, Lemon SC, Rosal MC. Development and validation of a Weight Literacy Scale in English and Spanish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204678. [PMID: 30356277 PMCID: PMC6200187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a Weight Literacy Scale in English and Spanish for adults. METHODS The two-phase study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods. Phase 1 of the study consisted of developing an initial survey (English and Spanish versions) assessing weight literacy based on a review of the literature; conducting semi-structured interviews with content experts (N = 9) to refine survey items; and conducting in-person cognitive interviews with 20 study participants (N = 10 English-speaking and N = 10 Spanish-speaking adults) for survey pre-testing. Survey items were modified based on Phase 1 findings. Phase 2 consisted of a psychometric study of the Weight Literacy Scale developed in Phase 1. Procedures included administering the Weight Literacy Scale to 200 study participants (N = 100 English-speaking and N = 100 Spanish-speaking adults), a quantitative survey assessing dietary and physical activity behaviors and sociodemographics, measuring participants' height and weight, and assessing the scale's validity and internal reliability. A subset of Phase 2 participants (N = 71) completed the weight literacy scale at two-weeks follow-up to assess test-retest reliability. Participant recruitment and study procedures took place in community settings in central Massachusetts for both study phases. Weight literacy scale scores were calculated as the sum of total correct items. Three rounds of factor analysis were performed to identify items for elimination. The Kuder Richardson's Coefficient of reliability was calculated. Correlations between the Weight Literacy Scale scores and related measures (body mass index and weight status, dietary behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and confidence in filling out medical forms) were examined. RESULTS The final scale included 31 items and demonstrated strong internal consistency (Kuder Richardson Coefficient = 0.90), reasonable construct validity, and acceptable test-retest reliability (ρ = 0.72). CONCLUSION The Weight Literacy Scale is a reliable and valid research instrument to assess weight literacy among English- and Spanish-speaking adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tariana V. Little
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christine Frisard
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amy Borg
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephenie C. Lemon
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Milagros C. Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Mayne SL, Moore KA, Powell-Wiley TM, Evenson KR, Block R, Kershaw KN. Longitudinal Associations of Neighborhood Crime and Perceived Safety With Blood Pressure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:1024-1032. [PMID: 29897398 PMCID: PMC6077783 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High neighborhood crime and low perceptions of safety may influence blood pressure (BP) through chronic stress. Few studies have examined these associations using longitudinal data. METHODS We used longitudinal data from 528 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (aged 45-84, nonhypertensive at baseline) who lived in Chicago, Illinois. We examined associations of changes in individual-level perceived safety, aggregated neighborhood-level perceived safety, and past-year rates of police-recorded crime in a 1, ½, or ¼ mile buffer per 1,000 population with changes in systolic and diastolic BPs using fixed-effects linear regression. BP was measured five times between 2000 and 2012 and was adjusted for antihypertensive medication use (+10 mm Hg added to systolic and +5 mm Hg added to diastolic BP for participants on medication). Models were adjusted for time-varying sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and neighborhood socioeconomic status. We assessed differences by sex. RESULTS A standard deviation increase in individual-level perceived safety was associated with a 1.54 mm Hg reduction in systolic BP overall (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25, 2.83), and with a 1.24 mm Hg reduction in diastolic BP among women only (95% CI: 0.37, 2.12) in adjusted models. Increased neighborhood-level safety was not associated with BP change. An increase in police-recorded crime was associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic BPs among women only, but results were sensitive to neighborhood buffer size. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest individual perception of neighborhood safety may be particularly salient for systolic BP reduction relative to more objective neighborhood exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Mayne
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kari A Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard Block
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Siañez M, Highfield L, Balcazar H, Collins T, Grineski S. An Examination of the Association of Multiple Acculturation Measures with Asthma Status Among Elementary School Students in El Paso, Texas. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 20:884-893. [PMID: 28733936 PMCID: PMC5776070 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Some researchers posit that the lower prevalence of asthma among those of Mexican descent may result from an under-diagnosis and recommend a critical appraisal of factors related to race/ethnicity, like acculturation, and its influence on asthma status. Survey data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression to examine the association of child's asthma status (no wheezing/no asthma symptoms, possible undiagnosed and diagnosed asthma) with measures of acculturation among Hispanic students (n = 1095). In this population, the prevalence of diagnosed asthma (15%) was higher than both national (7.6%) and state (6.8%) averages for Hispanic children in 2012. While bivariate analyses showed significant associations for asthma status and measures of acculturation, multivariate analyses did not. There is an underestimated burden of illness among Hispanic children in El Paso County. More research on the suitability of acculturation constructs is needed to delineate what they actually measure and how acculturation influences asthma status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Siañez
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street RAS E-339, Houston, TX, 77004, USA.
| | - Linda Highfield
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street RAS E-339, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Héctor Balcazar
- College of Science and Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Collins
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Sara Grineski
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
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Blum K, Badgaiyan RD, Dunston GM, Baron D, Modestino EJ, McLaughlin T, Steinberg B, Gold MS, Gondré-Lewis MC. The DRD2 Taq1A A1 Allele May Magnify the Risk of Alzheimer's in Aging African-Americans. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5526-5536. [PMID: 28965318 PMCID: PMC5878111 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys cognitive skills and the ability to perform the simplest tasks. More than 5 million Americans are afflicted with Alzheimer's; a disorder which ranks third, just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death for older people. With no real cure and in spite of enormous efforts worldwide, the disease remains a mystery in terms of treatment. Importantly, African-Americans are two times as likely as Whites to develop late-onset Alzheimer's disease and less likely to receive timely diagnosis and treatment. Dopamine function is linked to normal cognition and memory and carriers of the DRD2 Taq1A A1 allele have significant loss of D2 receptor density in the brain. Recent research has shown that A1 carriers have worse memory performance during long-term memory (LTM) updating, compared to non-carriers or A2-carriers. A1carriers also show less blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in the left caudate nucleus which is important for LTM updating. This latter effect was only seen in older adults, suggesting magnification of genetic effects on brain functioning in the elderly. Moreover, the frequency of the A1 allele is 0.40 in African-Americans, with an approximate prevalence of the DRD2 A1 allele in 50% of an African-American subset of individuals. This is higher than what is found in a non-screened American population (≤ 28%) for reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) behaviors. Based on DRD2 known genetic polymorphisms, we hypothesize that the DRD2 Taq1A A1 allele magnifies the risk of Alzheimer's in aging African-Americans. Research linking this high risk for Alzheimer's in the African-American population, with DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA polymorphism and neurocognitive deficits related to LTM, could pave the way for novel, targeted pro-dopamine homeostatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA
- Department of Neurogenetics, Igene, LLC, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Therapy, Nupathways, Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Neuroscience Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Richmond University Medical Center, 355 Bard Avenue, Staten Island, NY, 10310, USA
- NeuroPsychoSocial Genomics Core, National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Richmond University Medical Center, 355 Bard Avenue, Staten Island, NY, 10310, USA
| | - Georgia M Dunston
- NeuroPsychoSocial Genomics Core, National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Baron
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- NeuroPsychoSocial Genomics Core, National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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