1
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Caffrey DF, Gorai T, Rawson B, Martínez‐Calvo M, Kitchen JA, Murray NS, Kotova O, Comby S, Peacock RD, Stachelek P, Pal R, Gunnlaugsson T. Ligand Chirality Transfer from Solution State to the Crystalline Self-Assemblies in Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) Active Lanthanide Systems. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307448. [PMID: 38447160 PMCID: PMC11095229 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a family of chiral and enantiomerically pure pyridyl-diamide (pda) ligands that upon complexation with europium [Eu(CF3SO3)3] result in chiral complexes with metal centered luminescence is reported; the sets of enantiomers giving rise to both circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signatures. The solid-state structures of these chiral metallosupramolecular systems are determined using X-ray diffraction showing that the ligand chirality is transferred from solution to the solid state. This optically favorable helical packing arrangement is confirmed by recording the CPL spectra from the crystalline assembly by using steady state and enantioselective differential chiral contrast (EDCC) CPL Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (CPL-LSCM) where the two enantiomers can be clearly distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Caffrey
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Tumpa Gorai
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
- Present address:
Department of Polymers and Functional MaterialsCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad500007India
| | - Bláithín Rawson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Miguel Martínez‐Calvo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de QuímicaCampus VidaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela15782Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Kitchen
- Chemistry, Institute of Natural and Mathematical SciencesMassey UniversityAuckland0632New Zealand
| | - Niamh S. Murray
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Oxana Kotova
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
- AMBER (Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research) CentreTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | - Steve Comby
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
| | | | | | - Robert Pal
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
- AMBER (Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research) CentreTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland
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2
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Tukra S, Xu H, Xu C, Giannarou S. Generalizable stereo depth estimation with masked image modelling. Healthc Technol Lett 2024; 11:108-116. [PMID: 38638493 PMCID: PMC11022219 DOI: 10.1049/htl2.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Generalizable and accurate stereo depth estimation is vital for 3D reconstruction, especially in surgery. Supervised learning methods obtain best performance however, limited ground truth data for surgical scenes limits generalizability. Self-supervised methods don't need ground truth, but suffer from scale ambiguity and incorrect disparity prediction due to inconsistency of photometric loss. This work proposes a two-phase training procedure that is generalizable and retains the high performance of supervised methods. It entails: (1) performing self-supervised representation learning of left and right views via masked image modelling (MIM) to learn generalizable semantic stereo features (2) utilizing the MIM pre-trained model to learn robust depth representation via supervised learning for disparity estimation on synthetic data only. To improve stereo representations learnt via MIM, perceptual loss terms are introduced, which improve the model's stereo representations learnt by explicitly encouraging the learning of higher scene-level features. Qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation on surgical and natural scenes shows that the approach achieves sub-millimetre accuracy and lowest errors respectively, setting a new state-of-the-art. Despite not training on surgical nor natural scene data for disparity estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyakh Tukra
- Hamlyn Centre of Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Imperial College LondonExhibition Rd, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
| | - Haozheng Xu
- Hamlyn Centre of Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Chi Xu
- Hamlyn Centre of Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stamatia Giannarou
- Hamlyn Centre of Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Kullberg MJ, Van Schie CC, Allegrini AG, Ahmadzadeh Y, Wechsler DL, Elzinga BM, McAdams TA. Comparing findings from the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model and the monozygotic twin difference cross-lagged panel model: Maladaptive parenting and offspring emotional and behavioural problems. JCPP Adv 2024; 4:e12203. [PMID: 38486957 PMCID: PMC10933702 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we compare results obtained when applying the monozygotic twin difference cross-lagged panel model (MZD-CLPM) and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to the same data. Each of these models is designed to strengthen researchers' ability to draw causal inference from cross-lagged associations. We explore differences and similarities in how each model does this, and in the results each model produces. Specifically, we examine associations between maladaptive parenting and child emotional and behavioural problems in identical twins aged 9, 12 and 16. Method Child reports of 5698 identical twins from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) were analysed. We ran a regular CLPM to anchor our findings within the current literature, then applied the MZD-CLPM and the RI-CLPM. Results The RI-CLPM and MZD-CLPM each enable researchers to evaluate the direction of effects between correlated variables, after accounting for unmeasured sources of potential confounding. Our interpretation of these models therefore focusses primarily on the magnitude and significance of cross-lagged associations. In both the MZD-CLPM and the RI-CLPM behavioural problems at age 9 resulted in higher levels of maladaptive parenting at age 12. Other effects were not consistently significant across the two models, although the majority of estimates pointed in the same direction. Conclusion In light of the triangulated methods, differences in the results obtained using the MZD-CLPM and the RI-CLPM underline the importance of careful consideration of what sources of unmeasured confounding different models control for and that nuance is required when interpreting findings using such models. We provide an overview of what the CLPM, RI-CLPM and MZD-CLPM can and cannot control for in this respect and the conclusions that can be drawn from each model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte C. Van Schie
- Institute of Clinical PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia
| | - Andrea G. Allegrini
- Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yasmin Ahmadzadeh
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel L. Wechsler
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bernet M. Elzinga
- Institute of Clinical PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC)Leiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Promenta Research CentreUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Islam MR, Afroj S, Yin J, Novoselov KS, Chen J, Karim N. Advances in Printed Electronic Textiles. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304140. [PMID: 38009793 PMCID: PMC10853734 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have emerged as a revolutionary solution for personalized healthcare, enabling the continuous collection and communication of diverse physiological parameters when seamlessly integrated with the human body. Among various methods employed to create wearable e-textiles, printing offers unparalleled flexibility and comfort, seamlessly integrating wearables into garments. This has spurred growing research interest in printed e-textiles, due to their vast design versatility, material options, fabrication techniques, and wide-ranging applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the crucial considerations in fabricating printed e-textiles is provided, encompassing the selection of conductive materials and substrates, as well as the essential pre- and post-treatments involved. Furthermore, the diverse printing techniques and the specific requirements are discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method. Additionally, the multitude of wearable applications made possible by printed e-textiles is explored, such as their integration as various sensors, supercapacitors, and heated garments. Finally, a forward-looking perspective is provided, discussing future prospects and emerging trends in the realm of printed wearable e-textiles. As advancements in materials science, printing technologies, and design innovation continue to unfold, the transformative potential of printed e-textiles in healthcare and beyond is poised to revolutionize the way wearable technology interacts and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
- Nottingham School of Art and DesignNottingham Trent UniversityShakespeare StreetNottinghamNG1 4GGUK
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Jackson HK, Long HM, Yam‐Puc JC, Palmulli R, Haigh TA, Gerber PP, Lee JS, Matheson NJ, Young L, Trowsdale J, Lo M, Taylor GS, Thaventhiran JE, Edgar JR. Bioengineered small extracellular vesicles deliver multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigenic fragments and drive a broad immunological response. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12412. [PMID: 38339765 PMCID: PMC10858312 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the clear risk that zoonotic viruses pose to global health and economies. The scientific community responded by developing several efficacious vaccines which were expedited by the global need for vaccines. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections highlights the need for additional vaccine modalities to provide stronger, long-lived protective immunity. Here we report the design and preclinical testing of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as a multi-subunit vaccine. Cell lines were engineered to produce sEVs containing either the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain, or an antigenic region from SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid, or both in combination, and we tested their ability to evoke immune responses in vitro and in vivo. B cells incubated with bioengineered sEVs were potent activators of antigen-specific T cell clones. Mice immunised with sEVs containing both sRBD and Nucleocapsid antigens generated sRBD-specific IgGs, nucleocapsid-specific IgGs, which neutralised SARS-CoV-2 infection. sEV-based vaccines allow multiple antigens to be delivered simultaneously resulting in potent, broad immunity, and provide a quick, cheap, and reliable method to test vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Jackson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Exosis, Inc. Palm BeachPalm BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | | | - Tracey A. Haigh
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jin S. Lee
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- NHS Blood and TransplantCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Mathew Lo
- Exosis, Inc. Palm BeachPalm BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Graham S. Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - James R. Edgar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Szemán K, Végvári Z, Gőri S, Kapocsi I, Székely T, Manning JA. Harem size should be measured by more than the sum of its parts: Phenology-based measurements reveal joint effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on a polygamous herbivore under non-stationary climatic conditions. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10865. [PMID: 38322007 PMCID: PMC10844713 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Social behaviour is thought to be a major component of survival, reproduction, and resilience of populations. Thus, it is a key component in management and conservation of wild populations. In polygynous breeding species, group size influences the reproductive success of males and females, and hence it is essential to understand the environmental and demographic factors that shape the phenology of group size within populations. Here, we investigate harem size and its determinants using a 15-year dataset of annual harem size phenology-based metrics from a reintroduced population of wild Przewalski horses in Hortobágy National Park, Hungary. From the initial reintroduction of 21 animals in 1997, the population grew to 174 animals in 2012. During that same period, the number of harems increased from three to 23. Despite the 8-fold increase in population size, harem sizes remained stable, and variability among harems within years decreased. The annual phenological cycle of harem size was not consistent over the 15-year period, and the associated annual phenology-based metrics varied differently over the years. The best predictors of our phenology-based harem size metrics were adult sex ratio, annual adult mortality and annual mean number of harems, with some evidence that mean age of harem stallions and drought severity were contributing factors. Our findings reveal that complex interactions between demography, climate, and harem size can emerge in social animals. Taken together, our results demonstrate that intrinsic population processes can regulate group size even in the presence of non-stationary climatic conditions during periods of growth in human-introduced, semi-free ranging animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Szemán
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human BiologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Zsolt Végvári
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Aquatic EcologyBudapestHungary
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches InstitutMunchebergGermany
| | - Szilvia Gőri
- Hortobágy National Park DirectorateDebrecenHungary
| | | | - Tamás Székely
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human BiologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- Milner Centre of EvolutionUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Jeffrey A. Manning
- School of the Environment, Washington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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Bianchini G, Sánchez‐Baracaldo P. TreeViewer: Flexible, modular software to visualise and manipulate phylogenetic trees. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10873. [PMID: 38314311 PMCID: PMC10834882 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic trees illustrate evolutionary relationships between taxa or genes. Tree figures are crucial when presenting results and data, and by creating clear and effective plots, researchers can describe many kinds of evolutionary patterns. However, producing tree plots can be a time-consuming task, especially as multiple different programs are often needed to adjust and illustrate all data associated with a tree. We present TreeViewer, a new software to draw phylogenetic trees. TreeViewer is flexible, modular, and user-friendly. Plots are produced as the result of a user-defined pipeline, which can be finely customised and easily applied to different trees. Every feature of the program is documented and easily accessible, either in the online manual or within the program's interface. We show how TreeViewer can be used to produce publication-ready figures, saving time by not requiring additional graphical post-processing tools. TreeViewer is freely available for Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems and distributed under an AGPLv3 licence from https://treeviewer.org. It has a graphical user interface (GUI), as well as a command-line interface, which is useful to work with very large trees and for automated pipelines. A detailed user manual with examples and tutorials is also available. TreeViewer is mainly aimed at users wishing to produce highly customised, publication-quality tree figures using a single GUI software tool. Compared to other GUI tools, TreeViewer offers a richer feature set and a finer degree of customisation. Compared to command-line-based tools and software libraries, TreeViewer's graphical interface is more accessible. The flexibility of TreeViewer's approach to phylogenetic tree plotting enables the program to produce a wide variety of publication-ready figures. Users are encouraged to create their own custom modules to expand the functionalities of the program. This sets the scene for an ever-expanding and ever-adapting software framework that can easily adjust to respond to new challenges.
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Lennon G, Dingwall P. Enabling High Throughput Kinetic Experimentation by Using Flow as a Differential Kinetic Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318146. [PMID: 38078481 PMCID: PMC10952970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic data is most commonly collected through the generation of time-series data under either batch or flow conditions. Existing methods to generate kinetic data in flow collect integral data (concentration over time) only. Here, we report a method for the rapid and direct collection of differential kinetic data (direct measurement of rate) in flow by performing a series of instantaneous rate measurements on sequential small-scale reactions. This technique decouples the time required to generate a full kinetic profile from the time required for a reaction to reach completion, enabling high throughput kinetic experimentation. In addition, comparison of kinetic profiles constructed at different residence times allows the robustness, or stability, of homogeneously catalysed reactions to be interrogated. This approach makes use of a segmented flow platform which was shown to quantitatively reproduce batch kinetic data. The proline mediated aldol reaction was chosen as a model reaction to perform a high throughput kinetic screen of 216 kinetic profiles in 90 hours, one every 25 minutes, which would have taken an estimated continuous 3500 hours in batch, an almost 40-fold increase in experimental throughput matched by a corresponding reduction in material consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Lennon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir Building, Stranmillis RoadBelfastBT9 5AGUK
| | - Paul Dingwall
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir Building, Stranmillis RoadBelfastBT9 5AGUK
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9
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Brooks EC, Zeidler MP, Ong ACM, Evans IR. Macrophage subpopulation identity in Drosophila is modulated by apoptotic cell clearance and related signalling pathways. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1310117. [PMID: 38283366 PMCID: PMC10811221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila blood, plasmatocytes of the haemocyte lineage represent the functional equivalent of vertebrate macrophages and have become an established in vivo model with which to study macrophage function and behaviour. However, the use of plasmatocytes as a macrophage model has been limited by a historical perspective that plasmatocytes represent a homogenous population of cells, in contrast to the high levels of heterogeneity of vertebrate macrophages. Recently, a number of groups have reported transcriptomic approaches which suggest the existence of plasmatocyte heterogeneity, while we identified enhancer elements that identify subpopulations of plasmatocytes which exhibit potentially pro-inflammatory behaviours, suggesting conservation of plasmatocyte heterogeneity in Drosophila. These plasmatocyte subpopulations exhibit enhanced responses to wounds and decreased rates of efferocytosis when compared to the overall plasmatocyte population. Interestingly, increasing the phagocytic requirement placed upon plasmatocytes is sufficient to decrease the size of these plasmatocyte subpopulations in the embryo. However, the mechanistic basis for this response was unclear. Here, we examine how plasmatocyte subpopulations are modulated by apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis) demands and associated signalling pathways. We show that loss of the phosphatidylserine receptor Simu prevents an increased phagocytic burden from modulating specific subpopulation cells, while blocking other apoptotic cell receptors revealed no such rescue. This suggests that Simu-dependent efferocytosis is specifically involved in determining fate of particular subpopulations. Supportive of our original finding, mutations in amo (the Drosophila homolog of PKD2), a calcium-permeable channel which operates downstream of Simu, phenocopy simu mutants. Furthermore, we show that Amo is involved in the acidification of the apoptotic cell-containing phagosomes, suggesting that this reduction in pH may be associated with macrophage reprogramming. Additionally, our results also identify Ecdysone receptor signalling, a pathway related to control of cell death during developmental transitions, as a controller of plasmatocyte subpopulation identity. Overall, these results identify fundamental pathways involved in the specification of plasmatocyte subpopulations and so further validate Drosophila plasmatocytes as a heterogeneous population of macrophage-like cells within this important developmental and immune model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot C. Brooks
- School of Medicine and Population Health and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Martin P. Zeidler
- School of Biosciences and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Albert C. M. Ong
- School of Medicine and Population Health and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Iwan R. Evans
- School of Medicine and Population Health and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Jackson CE, Doyle I, Khan H, Williams SF, Aldemir Dikici B, Barajas Ledesma E, Bryant HE, English WR, Green NH, Claeyssens F. Gelatin-containing porous polycaprolactone PolyHIPEs as substrates for 3D breast cancer cell culture and vascular infiltration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1321197. [PMID: 38260750 PMCID: PMC10800367 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1321197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour survival and growth are reliant on angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, to facilitate nutrient and waste exchange and, importantly, provide a route for metastasis from a primary to a secondary site. Whilst current models can ensure the transport and exchange of nutrients and waste via diffusion over distances greater than 200 μm, many lack sufficient vasculature capable of recapitulating the tumour microenvironment and, thus, metastasis. In this study, we utilise gelatin-containing polymerised high internal phase emulsion (polyHIPE) templated polycaprolactone-methacrylate (PCL-M) scaffolds to fabricate a composite material to support the 3D culture of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and vascular ingrowth. Firstly, we investigated the effect of gelatin within the scaffolds on the mechanical and chemical properties using compression testing and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. Initial in vitro assessment of cell metabolic activity and vascular endothelial growth factor expression demonstrated that gelatin-containing PCL-M polyHIPEs are capable of supporting 3D breast cancer cell growth. We then utilised the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to assess the angiogenic potential of cell-seeded gelatin-containing PCL-M polyHIPEs, and vascular ingrowth within cell-seeded, surfactant and gelatin-containing scaffolds was investigated via histological staining. Overall, our study proposes a promising composite material to fabricate a substrate to support the 3D culture of cancer cells and vascular ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Jackson
- The Kroto Research Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Doyle
- The Kroto Research Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hamood Khan
- The Kroto Research Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel F. Williams
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helen E. Bryant
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - William R. English
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola H. Green
- The Kroto Research Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- The Kroto Research Institute, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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11
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Seling N, Atobe M, Kasten K, Firth JD, Karadakov PB, Goldberg FW, O'Brien P. α-Functionalisation of Cyclic Sulfides Enabled by Lithiation Trapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314423. [PMID: 37984884 PMCID: PMC10952194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A general and straightforward procedure for the lithiation trapping of cyclic sulfides such as tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran and a thiomorpholine is described. Trapping with a wide range of electrophiles is demonstrated, leading to more than 50 diverse α-substituted saturated sulfur heterocycles. The methodology provides access to a range of α-substituted cyclic sulfides that are not easily synthesised by the currently available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Seling
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Masakazu Atobe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
- Modulus Discovery, Inc.Daiichi Hibiya Building 7th Floor1-18-21 Shimbashi Minato-kuTokyo105-0004Japan
| | - Kevin Kasten
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | | | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
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12
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Sun S, Kilner RM. Competition among host-specific lineages of Poecilochirus carabi mites influences the extent of co-adaptation with their Nicrophorus vespilloides burying beetle hosts. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10837. [PMID: 38192905 PMCID: PMC10771929 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal selection between symbiotic organisms and their hosts can generate variations in local adaptation between them. Symbionts often form species complexes with lineages partially adapted to various hosts. However, it is unclear how interactions among these lineages influences geographic variation in the extent of host-symbiont local adaptation. We addressed this shortcoming with experiments on burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides and their specialist phoretic mite Poecilochirus carabi in two adjacent woodlands. Burying beetles transport these mites to vertebrate carrion upon which they both reproduce. P. carabi appears to be a species complex, with distinct lineages that specialise on breeding alongside different Nicrophorus species. We found that in one wood (Gamlingay Woods), N. vespilloides carries a mixture of mite lineages, with each lineage corresponding to one of the four Nicrophorus species that inhabits this wood. However, two burying beetle species coexist in neighbouring Waresley Woods and here N. vespilloides predominantly carries the mite lineage that favours N. vespilloides. Mite lineage mixing alters the degree of local adaptation for both N. vespilloides and the P. carabi mites, affecting reproductive success variably across different woodlands. In Gamlingay, mite lineage mixing reduced N. vespilloides reproductive success, while experimentally purifying mites lineage enhanced it. The near pure lineage of vespilloides mites negligibly affected Waresley N. vespilloides. Mite reproductive success varied with host specificity: Gamlingay mites had greatest reproductive success on Gamlingay beetles, and performed less well with Waresley beetles. By contrast, Waresley mites had consistent reproductive success, regardless of beetle's woodland of origin. We conclude that there is some evidence that N. vespilloides and its specific mite lineage have coadapted. However, neither N. vespilloides nor its mite lineage adapted to breed alongside other mite lineages. This, we suggest, causes variation between Waresley and Gaminglay Woods in the extent of local adaptation between N. vespilloides beetles and their P. carabi mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan‐Jyun Sun
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable DevelopmentNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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13
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Juodeikis R, Martins C, Saalbach G, Richardson J, Koev T, Baker DJ, Defernez M, Warren M, Carding SR. Differential temporal release and lipoprotein loading in B. thetaiotaomicron bacterial extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12406. [PMID: 38240185 PMCID: PMC10797578 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) contribute to stress responses, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and interspecies and interkingdom communication. However, the factors that regulate their release and heterogeneity are not well understood. We set out to investigate these factors in the common gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by studying BEV release throughout their growth cycle. Utilising a range of methods, we demonstrate that vesicles released at different stages of growth have significantly different composition, with early vesicles enriched in specifically released outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) containing a larger proportion of lipoproteins, while late phase BEVs primarily contain lytic vesicles with enrichment of cytoplasmic proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that lipoproteins containing a negatively charged signal peptide are preferentially incorporated in OMVs. We use this observation to predict all Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron OMV enriched lipoproteins and analyse their function. Overall, our findings highlight the need to understand media composition and BEV release dynamics prior to functional characterisation and define the theoretical functional capacity of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Juodeikis
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | | | | | | | - Trey Koev
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- School of PharmacyUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Dave J. Baker
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | - Marianne Defernez
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
| | - Martin Warren
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Food, Microbiome, and Health Research ProgrammeQuadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
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14
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Ferreira MFS, Brambilla G, Thévenaz L, Feng X, Zhang L, Sumetsky M, Jones C, Pedireddy S, Vollmer F, Dragic PD, Henderson-Sapir O, Ottaway DJ, Strupiechonski E, Hernandez-Cardoso GG, Hernandez-Serrano AI, González FJ, Castro Camus E, Méndez A, Saccomandi P, Quan Q, Xie Z, Reinhard BM, Diem M. Roadmap on optical sensors. J Opt 2024; 26:013001. [PMID: 38116399 PMCID: PMC10726224 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/ad0e85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical sensors and sensing technologies are playing a more and more important role in our modern world. From micro-probes to large devices used in such diverse areas like medical diagnosis, defence, monitoring of industrial and environmental conditions, optics can be used in a variety of ways to achieve compact, low cost, stand-off sensing with extreme sensitivity and selectivity. Actually, the challenges to the design and functioning of an optical sensor for a particular application requires intimate knowledge of the optical, material, and environmental properties that can affect its performance. This roadmap on optical sensors addresses different technologies and application areas. It is constituted by twelve contributions authored by world-leading experts, providing insight into the current state-of-the-art and the challenges their respective fields face. Two articles address the area of optical fibre sensors, encompassing both conventional and specialty optical fibres. Several other articles are dedicated to laser-based sensors, micro- and nano-engineered sensors, whispering-gallery mode and plasmonic sensors. The use of optical sensors in chemical, biological and biomedical areas is discussed in some other papers. Different approaches required to satisfy applications at visible, infrared and THz spectral regions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xian Feng
- Jiangsu Normal University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Zhejiang University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Misha Sumetsky
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Callum Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Srikanth Pedireddy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Dragic
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Ori Henderson-Sapir
- Department of Physics and Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Mirage Photonics, Oaklands Park, SA, Australia
| | - David J Ottaway
- Department of Physics and Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Qimin Quan
- NanoMosaic Inc., United States of America
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Björn M Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, United States of America
| | - Max Diem
- Northeastern University and CIRECA LLC, United States of America
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15
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Bell DJ, Zhang T, Geue N, Rogers CJ, Barran PE, Bowen AM, Natrajan LS, Riddell IA. Hexanuclear Ln 6 L 6 Complex Formation by Using an Unsymmetric Ligand. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302497. [PMID: 37733973 PMCID: PMC10946940 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Multinuclear, self-assembled lanthanide complexes present clear opportunities as sensors and imaging agents. Despite the widely acknowledged potential of this class of supramolecule, synthetic and characterization challenges continue to limit systematic studies into their self-assembly restricting the number and variety of lanthanide architectures reported relative to their transition metal counterparts. Here we present the first study evaluating the effect of ligand backbone symmetry on multinuclear lanthanide complex self-assembly. Replacement of a symmetric ethylene linker with an unsymmetric amide at the center of a homoditopic ligand governs formation of an unusual Ln6 L6 complex with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers. The choice of triflate as a counterion, and the effect of ionic radii are shown to be critical for formation of the Ln6 L6 complex. The atypical Ln6 L6 architecture is characterized using a combination of mass spectrometry, luminescence, DOSY NMR and EPR spectroscopy measurements. Luminescence experiments support clear differences between comparable Eu6 L6 and Eu2 L3 complexes, with relatively short luminescent lifetimes and low quantum yields observed for the Eu6 L6 structure indicative of non-radiative decay processes. Synthesis of the Gd6 L6 analogue allows three distinct Gd⋯Gd distance measurements to be extracted using homo-RIDME EPR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Bell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM17DNUK
| | - Niklas Geue
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM17DNUK
| | - Ciarán J. Rogers
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic ResonancePhoton Science InstituteThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Perdita E. Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryDepartment of ChemistryThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM17DNUK
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- National Research Facility for Electron Paramagnetic ResonancePhoton Science InstituteThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Imogen A. Riddell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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16
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Molinska P, Tarzia A, Male L, Jelfs KE, Lewis JEM. Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of Low-Symmetry Pd n L 2n Nanocages through Coordination-Sphere Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315451. [PMID: 37888946 PMCID: PMC10952360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are popular host architectures assembled from ligands and metal ions/nodes. Assembling structurally complex, low-symmetry MOCs with anisotropic cavities can be limited by the formation of statistical isomer libraries. We set out to investigate the use of primary coordination-sphere engineering (CSE) to bias isomer selectivity within homo- and heteroleptic Pdn L2n cages. Unexpected differences in selectivities between alternative donor groups led us to recognise the significant impact of the second coordination sphere on isomer stabilities. From this, molecular-level insight into the origins of selectivity between cis and trans diastereoisomers was gained, highlighting the importance of both host-guest and host-solvent interactions, in addition to ligand design. This detailed understanding allows precision engineering of low-symmetry MOC assemblies without wholesale redesign of the ligand framework, and fundamentally provides a theoretical scaffold for the development of stimuli-responsive, shape-shifting MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Molinska
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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17
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Naidoo L, Arumugam T, Ramsuran V. Host Genetic Impact on Infectious Diseases among Different Ethnic Groups. Adv Genet (Hoboken) 2023; 4:2300181. [PMID: 38099246 PMCID: PMC10716055 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are problematic globally, with high prevalence particularly in Africa, attributing to most of the death rates. There have been immense efforts toward developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for these pathogens globally, however, some remain uncured. Disease susceptibility and progression for malaria, TB, HIV, and COVID-19 vary among individuals and are attributed to precautionary measures, environment, host, and pathogen genetics. While studying individuals with similar attributes, it is suggested that host genetics contributes to most of an individual's susceptibility to disease. Several host genes are identified to associate with these pathogens. Interestingly, many of these genes and polymorphisms are common across diseases. This paper analyzes genes and genetic variations within host genes associated with HIV, TB, malaria, and COVID-19 among different ethnic groups. The differences in host-pathogen interaction among these groups, particularly of Caucasian and African descent, and which gene polymorphisms are prevalent in an African population that possesses protection or risk to disease are reviewed. The information in this review could potentially help develop personalized treatment that could effectively combat the high disease burden in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Naidoo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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18
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Sloan J, Wang S, Ngai QY, Xiao Y, Armand J, Wilson MJ, Zhu X, Fleming AJ. Conserved cellular patterning in the mesophyll of rice leaves. Plant Direct 2023; 7:e549. [PMID: 38054113 PMCID: PMC10695703 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The mesophyll cells of grass leaves, such as rice, are traditionally viewed as displaying a relatively uniform pattern, in contrast to the clear distinctions of palisade and spongy layers in typical eudicot leaves. This quantitative analysis of mesophyll cell size and shape in rice leaves reveals that there is an inherent pattern in which cells in the middle layer of the mesophyll are larger and less circular and have a distinct orientation of their long axis compared to mesophyll cells in other layers. Moreover, this pattern was observed in a range of rice cultivars and species. The significance of this pattern with relation to potential photosynthetic function and the implication of the widespread use of middle layer mesophyll cells as typical of the rice leaf have been investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Sloan
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Saranrat Wang
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Qi Yang Ngai
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Yi Xiao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Jodie Armand
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Matthew J. Wilson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Xin‐Guang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Andrew J. Fleming
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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19
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Bowman P, Patel KA, McDonald TJ, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Leveridge M, Shields BM, Hammersley S, Spaull SR, Knight BA, Flanagan SE, Shepherd MH, Andrews RC, Hattersley AT. Incretin hormone responses to carbohydrate and protein/fat are preserved in adults with sulfonylurea-treated KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1378-1382. [PMID: 37602910 PMCID: PMC10688132 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are thought to be the main drivers of insulin secretion in individuals with sulfonylurea (SU)-treated KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess for the first time the incretin hormone response to carbohydrate and protein/fat in adults with sulfonylurea-treated KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes compared with that of controls without diabetes. Participants were given a breakfast high in carbohydrate and an isocaloric breakfast high in protein/fat on two different mornings. Incremental area under the curve and total area under the curve (0-240 minutes) for total GLP-1 and GIP were compared between groups, using non-parametric statistical methods. Post-meal GLP-1 and GIP secretion were similar in cases and controls, suggesting this process is adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel-independent. Future research will investigate whether treatments targeting the incretin pathway are effective in individuals with KCNJ11 permanent neonatal diabetes who do not have good glycemic control on sulfonylurea alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bowman
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Timothy J McDonald
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Jens J Holst
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | - Maria Leveridge
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Beverley M Shields
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
| | - Suzie Hammersley
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Steve R Spaull
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Bridget A Knight
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
| | - Maggie H Shepherd
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Rob C Andrews
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research FacilityExeterUK
- NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)ExeterUK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
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20
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Rule ME, Chaudhuri‐Vayalambrone P, Krstulovic M, Bauza M, Krupic J, O'Leary T. Variational log-Gaussian point-process methods for grid cells. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1235-1251. [PMID: 37749821 PMCID: PMC10962565 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We present practical solutions to applying Gaussian-process (GP) methods to calculate spatial statistics for grid cells in large environments. GPs are a data efficient approach to inferring neural tuning as a function of time, space, and other variables. We discuss how to design appropriate kernels for grid cells, and show that a variational Bayesian approach to log-Gaussian Poisson models can be calculated quickly. This class of models has closed-form expressions for the evidence lower-bound, and can be estimated rapidly for certain parameterizations of the posterior covariance. We provide an implementation that operates in a low-rank spatial frequency subspace for further acceleration, and demonstrate these methods on experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marino Krstulovic
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Marius Bauza
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - Julija Krupic
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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21
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Patel A, Gill D, Newcombe P, Burgess S. Conditional inference in cis-Mendelian randomization using weak genetic factors. Biometrics 2023; 79:3458-3471. [PMID: 37337418 PMCID: PMC7615409 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a widely used method to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. MR analyses that use variants from only a single genetic region (cis-MR) encoding the protein target of a drug are able to provide supporting evidence for drug target validation. This paper proposes methods for cis-MR inference that use many correlated variants to make robust inferences even in situations, where those variants have only weak effects on the exposure. In particular, we exploit the highly structured nature of genetic correlations in single gene regions to reduce the dimension of genetic variants using factor analysis. These genetic factors are then used as instrumental variables to construct tests for the causal effect of interest. Since these factors may often be weakly associated with the exposure, size distortions of standard t-tests can be severe. Therefore, we consider two approaches based on conditional testing. First, we extend results of commonly-used identification-robust tests for the setting where estimated factors are used as instruments. Second, we propose a test which appropriately adjusts for first-stage screening of genetic factors based on their relevance. Our empirical results provide genetic evidence to validate cholesterol-lowering drug targets aimed at preventing coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Patel
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Chief Scientific Advisor OfficeResearch and Early DevelopmentNovo Nordisk, CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Paul Newcombe
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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22
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Janes RW, Wallace BA. DichroPipeline: A suite of online and downloadable tools and resources for protein circular dichroism spectroscopic data analyses, interpretations, and their interoperability with other bioinformatics tools and resources. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4817. [PMID: 37881887 PMCID: PMC10680340 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely-used method for characterizing individual protein structures in solutions, membranes, films and macromolecular complexes, as well as for probing macromolecular interactions, conformational changes associated with binding substrates, and in different functionally-related environments. This paper describes a series of related computational and display tools that have been developed over many years to aid in those characterizations and functional interpretations. The new DichroPipeline described herein links a series of format-compatible data processing, analysis, and display tools to enable users to facilely produce the spectra, which can then be made available in the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank (https://pcddb.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/) resource, in which the CD spectral and associated metadata for each entry are linked to other structural and functional data bases including the Protein Data Bank (PDB), and the UniProt sequence data base, amongst others. These tools and resources thus provide the basis for a wide range of traceable structural characterizations of soluble, membrane and intrinsically-disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Janes
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - B. A. Wallace
- School of Biological SciencesBirkbeck University of LondonLondonUK
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23
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Ahmadzadeh YI, Eilertsen EM, Cheesman R, Rayner C, Ystrom E, Hannigan LJ, McAdams TA. Mothers' symptoms of anxiety and depression and the development of child temperament: A genetically informative, longitudinal investigation. JCPP Adv 2023; 3:e12171. [PMID: 38054053 PMCID: PMC10694534 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Child temperament traits and mothers' emotional symptoms relating to anxiety and depression may drive changes in one another, leading to their 'co-development' across time. Alternatively, links between mother and child traits may be attributable to shared genetic propensities. We explored longitudinal associations between mothers' emotional symptoms and child temperament traits and adjusted for genetic effects shared across generations. Methods This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers (n = 34,060) reported on their symptoms of anxiety and depression, and temperament among offspring (n = 42,526), at child ages 1.5, 3 and 5 years. Structural equation models parameterised developmental change in traits, and an extended family design adjusted for genetic effects. Results We found individual differences in stable trait scores and rate of change for all study variables. Longitudinal stability in mothers' emotional symptoms was associated with longitudinal stability in offspring emotionality (r = 0.143), shyness (r = 0.031), and sociability (r = -0.015). Longitudinal change in mothers' symptoms showed very small or negligible correlations with longitudinal change in child temperament. Both genetic and environmental influences explained the stable longitudinal association between mothers' symptoms and child emotionality. Conclusions The studied associations between mother and child traits across time appeared to be due to stable, trait-like factors, involving genetic and environmental influence, rather than their co-development. Findings contribute knowledge on how emotional symptoms develop in families across time, and the methods with which we can explore such development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Cheesman
- PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - C. Rayner
- SGDP CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - E. Ystrom
- PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
- School of PharmacyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - L. J. Hannigan
- Nic Waals InstituteLovisenberg Diaconal HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Mental DisordersNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - T. A. McAdams
- SGDP CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
- PROMENTA Research CenterUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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24
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Nanayakkara MPA, He Q, Ruseckas A, Karalasingam A, Matjacic L, Masteghin MG, Basiricò L, Fratelli I, Ciavatti A, Kilbride RC, Jenatsch S, Parnell AJ, Fraboni B, Nisbet A, Heeney M, Jayawardena KDGI, Silva SRP. Tissue Equivalent Curved Organic X-ray Detectors Utilizing High Atomic Number Polythiophene Analogues. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2304261. [PMID: 37916896 PMCID: PMC10724441 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are a promising material candidate for X-ray detection. However, the low atomic number (Z) of organic semiconductors leads to poor X-ray absorption thus restricting their performance. Herein, the authors propose a new strategy for achieving high-sensitivity performance for X-ray detectors based on organic semiconductors modified with high -Z heteroatoms. X-ray detectors are fabricated with p-type organic semiconductors containing selenium heteroatoms (poly(3-hexyl)selenophene (P3HSe)) in blends with an n-type fullerene derivative ([6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70 BM). When characterized under 70, 100, 150, and 220 kVp X-ray radiation, these heteroatom-containing detectors displayed a superior performance in terms of sensitivity up to 600 ± 11 nC Gy-1 cm-2 with respect to the bismuth oxide (Bi2 O3 ) nanoparticle (NP) sensitized organic detectors. Despite the lower Z of selenium compared to the NPs typically used, the authors identify a more efficient generation of electron-hole pairs, better charge transfer, and charge transport characteristics in heteroatom-incorporated detectors that result in this breakthrough detector performance. The authors also demonstrate flexible X-ray detectors that can be curved to a radius as low as 2 mm with low deviation in X-ray response under 100 repeated bending cycles while maintaining an industry-standard ultra-low dark current of 0.03 ± 0.01 pA mm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Prabodhi A. Nanayakkara
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
| | - Qiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, White City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Arvydas Ruseckas
- School of Physics & AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsPhysical Science Building, North HaughSt AndrewsUK
| | | | | | - Mateus G. Masteghin
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
| | - Laura Basiricò
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Ilaria Fratelli
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Andrea Ciavatti
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Rachel C. Kilbride
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldHicks BuildingSheffieldS3 7RHUK
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BolognaViale Berti Pichat 6/2Bologna40127Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear PhysicsINFN Section of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonGower St, BloomsburyLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College London, White City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - K. D. G. Imalka Jayawardena
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
| | - S. Ravi P. Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyGU2 7XHUK
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25
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Luo T, Wang Z, Chen Y, Li H, Peng M, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Day SJ, An J, Schröder M, Yang S. Photocatalytic Dehalogenative Deuteration of Halides over a Robust Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306267. [PMID: 37783657 PMCID: PMC10952292 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium labelling of organic compounds is an important process in chemistry. We report the first example of photocatalytic dehalogenative deuteration of both arylhalides and alkylhalides (40 substrates) over a metal-organic framework, MFM-300(Cr), using CD3 CN as the deuterium source at room temperature. MFM-300(Cr) catalyses high deuterium incorporation and shows excellent tolerance to various functional groups. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction reveals the activation of halogenated substrates via confined binding within MFM-300(Cr). In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the formation of carbon-based radicals as intermediates and reveals the reaction pathway. This protocol removes the use of precious-metal catalysts from state-of-the-art processes based upon direct hydrogen isotope exchange and shows high photocatalytic stability, thus enabling multiple catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Luo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Yinlin Chen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Hengzhao Li
- Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Mengqi Peng
- Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Photon Science InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Photon Science InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Sarah J. Day
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science CampusOxfordshireOX11 0DEUK
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Martin Schröder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Sihai Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
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26
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Peiffer C, Brombal L, Maughan Jones CJ, Arfelli F, Astolfo A, Dreossi D, Endrizzi M, Hagen CK, Mazzolani A, Menk R, Rigon L, Olivo A, Munro PRT. On the equivalence of the X-ray scattering retrieval with beam tracking and analyser-based imaging using a synchrotron source. J Phys D Appl Phys 2023; 56:45LT02. [PMID: 37601626 PMCID: PMC10437003 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/acee8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) methods give access to contrast mechanisms that are based on the refractive properties of matter on top of the absorption coefficient in conventional x-ray imaging. Ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) is a phase contrast mechanism that arises due to multiple refraction events caused by physical features of a scale below the physical resolution of the used imaging system. USAXS contrast can therefore give insight into subresolution structural information, which is an ongoing research topic in the vast field of different XPCI techniques. In this study, we quantitatively compare the USAXS signal retrieved by the beam tracking XPCI technique with the gold standard of the analyzer based imaging XPCI technique using a synchrotron x-ray source. We find that, provided certain conditions are met, the two methods measure the same quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peiffer
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - L Brombal
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - C J Maughan Jones
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - F Arfelli
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Astolfo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - D Dreossi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, S. S. 14 km 163.5, 34012 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - M Endrizzi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - C K Hagen
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - A Mazzolani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - R Menk
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, S. S. 14 km 163.5, 34012 Basovizza (TS), Italy
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Midsweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - L Rigon
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Olivo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - P R T Munro
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
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27
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Shutt RRC, Ramireddy T, Stylianidis E, Di Mino C, Ingle RA, Ing G, Wibowo AA, Nguyen HT, Howard CA, Glushenkov AM, Stewart A, Clancy AJ. Synthesis of Black Phosphorene Quantum Dots from Red Phosphorus. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301232. [PMID: 37435907 PMCID: PMC10947263 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorene quantum dots (BPQDs) are most commonly derived from high-cost black phosphorus, while previous syntheses from the low-cost red phosphorus (Pred ) allotrope are highly oxidised. Herein, we present an intrinsically scalable method to produce high quality BPQDs, by first ball-milling Pred to create nanocrystalline Pblack and subsequent reductive etching using lithium electride solvated in liquid ammonia. The resultant ~25 nm BPQDs are crystalline with low oxygen content, and spontaneously soluble as individualized monolayers in tertiary amide solvents, as directly imaged by liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy. This new method presents a scalable route to producing quantities of high quality BPQDs for academic and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. C. Shutt
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Thrinathreddy Ramireddy
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityActonACT 2601Australia
- Battery Storage and Grid Integration ProgramThe Australian National UniversityActonACT 2601Australia
| | | | - Camilla Di Mino
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Rebecca A. Ingle
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Gabriel Ing
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Ary A. Wibowo
- School of EngineeringThe Australian National UniversityActonACT 2601Australia
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- School of EngineeringThe Australian National UniversityActonACT 2601Australia
| | | | - Alexey M. Glushenkov
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityActonACT 2601Australia
- Battery Storage and Grid Integration ProgramThe Australian National UniversityActonACT 2601Australia
| | - Andrew Stewart
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Adam J. Clancy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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28
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Weaving H, Lord JS, Haines L, English S. No evidence for direct thermal carryover effects on starvation tolerance in the obligate blood-feeder, Glossina morsitans morsitans. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10652. [PMID: 37869424 PMCID: PMC10585125 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal stress during development can prime animals to cope better with similar conditions in later life. Alternatively, negative effects of thermal stress can persist across life stages and result in poorer quality adults (negative carryover effects). As mean temperatures increase due to climate change, evidence for such effects across diverse taxa is required. Using Glossina morsitans morsitans, a species of tsetse fly and vector of trypanosomiasis, we asked whether (i) adaptive developmental plasticity allows flies to survive for longer under food deprivation when pupal and adult temperatures are matched; or (ii) temperature stress during development persists into adulthood, resulting in a greater risk of death. We did not find any advantage of matched pupal and adult temperature in terms of improved starvation tolerance, and no direct negative carryover effects were observed. There was some evidence for indirect carryover effects-high pupal temperature produced flies of lower body mass, which, in turn, resulted in greater starvation risk. However, adult temperature had the largest impact on starvation tolerance by far: flies died 60% faster at 31°C than those experiencing 25°C, consequently reducing survival time from a median of 8 (interquartile range (IQR) 7-9) to 5 (IQR 5-5.25) days. This highlights differences in temperature sensitivity between life stages, as there was no direct effect of pupal temperature on starvation tolerance. Therefore, for some regions of sub-Saharan Africa, climate change may result in a higher mortality rate in emerging tsetse while they search for their first blood meal. This study reinforces existing evidence that responses to temperature are life stage specific and that plasticity may have limited capacity to buffer the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Weaving
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jennifer S. Lord
- Department of Vector BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - Lee Haines
- Department of Vector BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA
| | - Sinead English
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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29
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Kim J, Ren X, Zhang Y, Fazzi D, Manikandan S, Andreasen JW, Sun X, Ursel S, Un H, Peralta S, Xiao M, Town J, Marathianos A, Roesner S, Bui T, Ludwigs S, Sirringhaus H, Wang S. Efficient N-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Field-Effect Transistors Based on PNDI-Copolymers Bearing Fluorinated Selenophene-Vinylene-Selenophenes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303837. [PMID: 37551064 PMCID: PMC10582458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
n-Type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are less developed than their p-type counterparts. Herein, polynaphthalenediimide (PNDI)-based copolymers bearing novel fluorinated selenophene-vinylene-selenophene (FSVS) units as efficient materials for both n-type OECTs and n-type OFETs are reported. The PNDI polymers with oligo(ethylene glycol) (EG7) side chains P(NDIEG7-FSVS), affords a high µC* of > 0.2 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 , outperforming the benchmark n-type Pg4NDI-T2 and Pg4NDI-gT2 by two orders of magnitude. The deep-lying LUMO of -4.63 eV endows P(NDIEG7-FSVS) with an ultra-low threshold voltage of 0.16 V. Moreover, the conjugated polymer with octyldodecyl (OD) side chains P(NDIOD-FSVS) exhibits a surprisingly low energetic disorder with an Urbach energy of 36 meV and an ultra-low activation energy of 39 meV, resulting in high electron mobility of up to 0.32 cm2 V-1 s-1 in n-type OFETs. These results demonstrate the great potential for simultaneously achieving a lower LUMO and a tighter intermolecular packing for the next-generation efficient n-type organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Kim
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
- Present address:
Department of Textile System Eng.Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Xinglong Ren
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di BolognaVia F. Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Suraj Manikandan
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Jens Wenzel Andreasen
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. Lyngby2800Denmark
| | - Xiuming Sun
- IPOC‐Functional PolymersInstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology(IQST)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sarah Ursel
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Hio‐Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Sébastien Peralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
| | - Mingfei Xiao
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - James Town
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - Stefan Roesner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Thanh‐Tuan Bui
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC‐Functional PolymersInstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology(IQST)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics GroupCavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Suhao Wang
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des InterfacesCY Cergy Paris Université5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville‐sur‐Oise95000France
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30
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Lindeboom W, Deacy AC, Phanopoulos A, Buchard A, Williams CK. Correlating Metal Redox Potentials to Co(III)K(I) Catalyst Performances in Carbon Dioxide and Propene Oxide Ring Opening Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308378. [PMID: 37409487 PMCID: PMC10952574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide copolymerization is a front-runner CO2 utilization strategy but its viability depends on improving the catalysis. So far, catalyst structure-performance correlations have not been straightforward, limiting the ability to predict how to improve both catalytic activity and selectivity. Here, a simple measure of a catalyst ground-state parameter, metal reduction potential, directly correlates with both polymerization activity and selectivity. It is applied to compare performances of 6 new heterodinuclear Co(III)K(I) catalysts for propene oxide (PO)/CO2 ring opening copolymerization (ROCOP) producing poly(propene carbonate) (PPC). The best catalyst shows an excellent turnover frequency of 389 h-1 and high PPC selectivity of >99 % (50 °C, 20 bar, 0.025 mol% catalyst). As demonstration of its utility, neither DFT calculations nor ligand Hammett parameter analyses are viable predictors. It is proposed that the cobalt redox potential informs upon the active site electron density with a more electron rich cobalt centre showing better performances. The method may be widely applicable and is recommended to guide future catalyst discovery for other (co)polymerizations and carbon dioxide utilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Lindeboom
- Department ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Arron C. Deacy
- Department ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubLondonW12 OBZUK
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for SustainabilityUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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31
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Furmidge R, Jackson CE, Velázquez de la Paz MF, Workman VL, Green NH, Reilly GC, Hearnden V, Claeyssens F. Surfactant-free gelatin-stabilised biodegradable polymerised high internal phase emulsions with macroporous structures. Front Chem 2023; 11:1236944. [PMID: 37681209 PMCID: PMC10481965 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1236944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating is a well-established method for the generation of polymeric materials with high porosity (>74%) and degree of interconnectivity. The porosity and pore size can be altered by adjusting parameters during emulsification, which affects the properties of the resulting porous structure. However, there remain challenges for the fabrication of polyHIPEs, including typically small pore sizes (∼20-50 μm) and the use of surfactants, which can limit their use in biological applications. Here, we present the use of gelatin, a natural polymer, during the formation of polyHIPE structures, through the use of two biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone-methacrylate (PCL-M) and polyglycerol sebacate-methacrylate (PGS-M). When gelatin is used as the internal phase, it is capable of stabilising emulsions without the need for an additional surfactant. Furthermore, by changing the concentration of gelatin within the internal phase, the pore size of the resulting polyHIPE can be tuned. 5% gelatin solution resulted in the largest mean pore size, increasing from 53 μm to 80 μm and 28 μm to 94 µm for PCL-M and PGS-M respectively. In addition, the inclusion of gelatin further increased the mechanical properties of the polyHIPEs and increased the period an emulsion could be stored before polymerisation. Our results demonstrate the potential to use gelatin for the fabrication of surfactant-free polyHIPEs with macroporous structures, with potential applications in tissue engineering, environmental and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Furmidge
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin E. Jackson
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - María Fernanda Velázquez de la Paz
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L. Workman
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola H. Green
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Hearnden
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Dhak MS, Arunprasath D, Argent SP, Cuthbertson JD. A Domino Radical Amidation/Semipinacol Approach to All-Carbon Quaternary Centers Bearing an Aminomethyl Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300922. [PMID: 37278542 PMCID: PMC10947466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox-mediated radical amidation ring-expansion sequence that enables the generation of all-carbon quaternary centers bearing a protected aminomethyl substituent is described. The methodology can be applied to both styrene and unactivated alkene substrates generating structurally diverse sp3 -rich amine derivatives in a concise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S. Dhak
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham, Jubilee CampusTriumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Dhanarajan Arunprasath
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham, Jubilee CampusTriumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - James D. Cuthbertson
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham, Jubilee CampusTriumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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Haysom SF, Machin J, Whitehouse JM, Horne JE, Fenn K, Ma Y, El Mkami H, Böhringer N, Schäberle TF, Ranson NA, Radford SE, Pliotas C. Darobactin B Stabilises a Lateral-Closed Conformation of the BAM Complex in E. coli Cells. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2023; 135:e202218783. [PMID: 38515502 PMCID: PMC10952338 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202218783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM complex) is essential for outer membrane protein (OMP) folding in Gram-negative bacteria, and represents a promising antimicrobial target. Several conformational states of BAM have been reported, but all have been obtained under conditions which lack the unique features and complexity of the outer membrane (OM). Here, we use Pulsed Electron-Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR, or DEER) spectroscopy distance measurements to interrogate the conformational ensemble of the BAM complex in E. coli cells. We show that BAM adopts a broad ensemble of conformations in the OM, while in the presence of the antibiotic darobactin B (DAR-B), BAM's conformational equilibrium shifts to a restricted ensemble consistent with the lateral closed state. Our in-cell PELDOR findings are supported by new cryoEM structures of BAM in the presence and absence of DAR-B. This work demonstrates the utility of PELDOR to map conformational changes in BAM within its native cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F. Haysom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Jonathan Machin
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - James M. Whitehouse
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Jim E. Horne
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Katherine Fenn
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Yue Ma
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic and Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Hassane El Mkami
- School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St. AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9SSUK
| | - Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect BiotechnologyNatural Product ResearchJustus-Liebig-University GiessenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-LangenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Institute for Insect BiotechnologyNatural Product ResearchJustus-Liebig-University GiessenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-LangenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
- Natural Product DepartmentFraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME)Ohlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
| | - Neil A. Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Christos Pliotas
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic and Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
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Shields CE, Wang X, Fellowes T, Clowes R, Chen L, Day GM, Slater AG, Ward JW, Little MA, Cooper AI. Experimental Confirmation of a Predicted Porous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303167. [PMID: 37021635 PMCID: PMC10952618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with low densities and high porosities are rare and challenging to design because most molecules have a strong energetic preference for close packing. Crystal structure prediction (CSP) can rank the crystal packings available to an organic molecule based on their relative lattice energies. This has become a powerful tool for the a priori design of porous molecular crystals. Previously, we combined CSP with structure-property predictions to generate energy-structure-function (ESF) maps for a series of triptycene-based molecules with quinoxaline groups. From these ESF maps, triptycene trisquinoxalinedione (TH5) was predicted to form a previously unknown low-energy HOF (TH5-A) with a remarkably low density of 0.374 g cm-3 and three-dimensional (3D) pores. Here, we demonstrate the reliability of those ESF maps by discovering this TH5-A polymorph experimentally. This material has a high accessible surface area of 3,284 m2 g-1 , as measured by nitrogen adsorption, making it one of the most porous HOFs reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Shields
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Xue Wang
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Thomas Fellowes
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and School of Computer SciencesUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Graeme M. Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton B27, East Highfield Campus, University RoadSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Anna G. Slater
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - John W. Ward
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
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Haysom SF, Machin J, Whitehouse JM, Horne JE, Fenn K, Ma Y, El Mkami H, Böhringer N, Schäberle TF, Ranson NA, Radford SE, Pliotas C. Darobactin B Stabilises a Lateral-Closed Conformation of the BAM Complex in E. coli Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218783. [PMID: 37162386 PMCID: PMC10952311 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM complex) is essential for outer membrane protein (OMP) folding in Gram-negative bacteria, and represents a promising antimicrobial target. Several conformational states of BAM have been reported, but all have been obtained under conditions which lack the unique features and complexity of the outer membrane (OM). Here, we use Pulsed Electron-Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR, or DEER) spectroscopy distance measurements to interrogate the conformational ensemble of the BAM complex in E. coli cells. We show that BAM adopts a broad ensemble of conformations in the OM, while in the presence of the antibiotic darobactin B (DAR-B), BAM's conformational equilibrium shifts to a restricted ensemble consistent with the lateral closed state. Our in-cell PELDOR findings are supported by new cryoEM structures of BAM in the presence and absence of DAR-B. This work demonstrates the utility of PELDOR to map conformational changes in BAM within its native cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F. Haysom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Jonathan Machin
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - James M. Whitehouse
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Jim E. Horne
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Katherine Fenn
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Yue Ma
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic and Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Hassane El Mkami
- School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St. AndrewsSt. AndrewsKY16 9SSUK
| | - Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect BiotechnologyNatural Product ResearchJustus-Liebig-University GiessenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-LangenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
| | - Till F. Schäberle
- Institute for Insect BiotechnologyNatural Product ResearchJustus-Liebig-University GiessenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-LangenOhlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
- Natural Product DepartmentFraunhofer-Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME)Ohlebergsweg 1235392GiessenGermany
| | - Neil A. Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Christos Pliotas
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic and Health Science CentreThe University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PTUK
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
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36
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Herbert Mainero A, Spence PJ, Reece SE, Kamiya T. The impact of innate immunity on malaria parasite infection dynamics in rodent models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171176. [PMID: 37646037 PMCID: PMC10461630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have probed the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the immune response to malaria. Yet many studies offer conflicting results on the functional impact of innate immunity for controlling parasite replication early in infection. We conduct a meta-analysis to seek consensus on the effect of innate immunity on parasite replication, examining three different species of rodent malaria parasite. Screening published studies that span four decades of research we collate, curate, and statistically analyze infection dynamics in immune-deficient or -augmented mice to identify and quantify general trends and reveal sources of disagreement among studies. Additionally, we estimate whether host factors or experimental methodology shape the impact of immune perturbations on parasite burden. First, we detected meta-analytic mean effect sizes (absolute Cohen's h) for the difference in parasite burden between treatment and control groups ranging from 0.1475 to 0.2321 across parasite species. This range is considered a small effect size and translates to a modest change in parasitaemia of roughly 7-12% on average at the peak of infection. Second, we reveal that variation across studies using P. chabaudi or P. yoelii is best explained by stochasticity (due to small sample sizes) rather than by host factors or experimental design. Third, we find that for P. berghei the impact of immune perturbation is increased when young or female mice are used and is greatest when effector molecules (as opposed to upstream signalling molecules) are disrupted (up to an 18% difference in peak parasitaemia). Finally, we find little evidence of publication bias suggesting that our results are robust. The small effect sizes we observe, across three parasite species, following experimental perturbations of the innate immune system may be explained by redundancy in a complex biological system or by incomplete (or inappropriate) data reporting for meta-analysis. Alternatively, our findings might indicate a need to re-evaluate the efficiency with which innate immunity controls parasite replication early in infection. Testing these hypotheses is necessary to translate understanding from model systems to human malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Herbert Mainero
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Spence
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Reece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tsukushi Kamiya
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France
- HRB, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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37
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Hanna JC, Corpas-Lopez V, Seizova S, Colon BL, Bacchetti R, Hall GMJ, Sands EM, Robinson L, Baragaña B, Wyllie S, Pawlowic MC. Mode of action studies confirm on-target engagement of lysyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor and lead to new selection marker for Cryptosporidium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1236814. [PMID: 37600947 PMCID: PMC10436570 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1236814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal-associated morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting children under 5 years old in low-and-middle-income countries. There is no effective treatment and no vaccine. New therapeutics are emerging from drug discovery efforts. It is critical that mode of action studies are performed alongside drug discovery to ensure the best clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, technology to identify and validate drug targets for Cryptosporidium is severely lacking. Methods We used C. parvum lysyl-tRNA synthetase (CpKRS) and DDD01510706 as a target-compound pair to develop both chemical and genetic tools for mode of action studies for Cryptosporidium. We adapted thermal proteome profiling (TPP) for Cryptosporidium, an unbiased approach for target identification. Results Using TPP we identified the molecular target of DDD01510706 and confirm that it is CpKRS. Genetic tools confirm that CpKRS is expressed throughout the life cycle and that this target is essential for parasite survival. Parasites genetically modified to over-express CpKRS or parasites with a mutation at the compound-binding site are resistant to treatment with DDD01510706. We leveraged these mutations to generate a second drug selection marker for genetic modification of Cryptosporidium, KRSR. This second selection marker is interchangeable with the original selection marker, NeoR, and expands the range of reverse genetic approaches available to study parasite biology. Due to the sexual nature of the Cryptosporidium life cycle, parental strains containing different drug selection markers can be crossed in vivo. Discussion Selection with both drug markers produces highly efficient genetic crosses (>99% hybrid progeny), paving the way for forward genetics approaches in Cryptosporidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Hanna
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Corpas-Lopez
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Seizova
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice L. Colon
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Bacchetti
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Grant M. J. Hall
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Emma M. Sands
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Robinson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Baragaña
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Wyllie
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mattie C. Pawlowic
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Piplani B, Kumar CMS, Lund PA, Chaudhuri TK. Mycobacterial chaperonins in cellular proteostasis: Evidence for chaperone function of Cpn60.1 and Cpn60.2-mediated protein folding. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:210-223. [PMID: 37350285 PMCID: PMC10952152 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes two chaperonin proteins, MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2, that share substantial sequence similarity with the Escherichia coli chaperonin, GroEL. However, unlike GroEL, MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2 purify as lower-order oligomers. Previous studies have shown that MtbCpn60.2 can functionally replace GroEL in E. coli, while the function of MtbCpn60.1 remained an enigma. Here, we demonstrate the molecular chaperone function of MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2, by probing their ability to assist the folding of obligate chaperonin clients, DapA, FtsE and MetK, in an E. coli strain depleted of endogenous GroEL. We show that both MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2 support cell survival and cell division by assisting the folding of DapA and FtsE, but only MtbCpn60.2 completely rescues GroEL-depleted E. coli cells. We also show that, unlike MtbCpn60.2, MtbCpn60.1 has limited ability to support cell growth and proliferation and assist the folding of MetK. Our findings suggest that the client pools of GroEL and MtbCpn60.2 overlap substantially, while MtbCpn60.1 folds only a small subset of GroEL clients. We conclude that the differences between MtbCpn60.1 and MtbCpn60.2 may be a consequence of their intrinsic sequence features, which affect their thermostability, efficiency, clientomes and modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakul Piplani
- Kusuma School of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Technology DelhiIndia
| | - C. M. Santosh Kumar
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Peter A. Lund
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Tapan K. Chaudhuri
- Kusuma School of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Technology DelhiIndia
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Vuorinen L, LaMoury AT, Hietala H, Koller F. Magnetosheath Jets Over Solar Cycle 24: An Empirical Model. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2023; 128:e2023JA031493. [PMID: 38440390 PMCID: PMC10909464 DOI: 10.1029/2023ja031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft have been sampling the subsolar magnetosheath since the first dayside science phase in 2008, and we finally have observations over a solar cycle. However, we show that the solar wind coverage during these magnetosheath intervals is not always consistent with the solar wind conditions throughout the same year. This has implications for studying phenomena whose occurrence depends strongly on solar wind parameters. We demonstrate this with magnetosheath jets-flows of enhanced earthward dynamic pressure in the magnetosheath. Jets emerge from the bow shock, and some of them can go on and collide into the magnetopause. Their occurrence is highly linked to solar wind conditions, particularly the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field, as jets are mostly observed downstream of the quasi-parallel shock. We study the yearly occurrence rates of jets recorded by THEMIS over solar cycle 24 (2008-2019) and find that they are biased due to differences in spacecraft orbits and uneven sampling of solar wind conditions during the different years. Thus, we instead use the THEMIS observations and their corresponding solar wind conditions to develop a model of how jet occurrence varies as a function of solar wind conditions. We then use OMNI data of the whole solar cycle to estimate the unbiased yearly jet occurrence rates. For comparison, we also estimate jet occurrence rates during solar cycle 23 (1996-2008). Our results suggest that there is no strong solar cycle dependency in jet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vuorinen
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Heli Hietala
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Physics and AstronomyQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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40
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French DP, Ahern AL, Greaves CJ, Hawkes RE, Higgs S, Pechey R, Sniehotta FF. Preventing type 2 diabetes: A research agenda for behavioural science. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15147. [PMID: 37171753 PMCID: PMC10947238 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this narrative review was to identify important knowledge gaps in behavioural science relating to type 2 diabetes prevention, to inform future research in the field. METHODS Seven researchers who have published behaviour science research applied to type 2 diabetes prevention independently identified several important gaps in knowledge. They met to discuss these and to generate recommendations to advance research in behavioural science of type 2 diabetes prevention. RESULTS A total of 21 overlapping recommendations for a research agenda were identified. These covered issues within the following broad categories: (a) evidencing the impact of whole population approaches to type 2 diabetes prevention, (b) understanding the utility of disease-specific approaches to type 2 diabetes prevention such as Diabetes Prevention Programmes (DPPs) compared to generic weight loss programmes, (c) identifying how best to increase reach and engagement of DPPs, whilst avoiding exacerbating inequalities, (d) the need to understand mechanism of DPPs, (e) the need to understand how to increase maintenance of changes as part of or following DPPs, (f) the need to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of alternative approaches to the typical self-regulation approaches that are most commonly used, and (g) the need to address emotional aspects of DPPs, to promote effectiveness and avoid harms. CONCLUSIONS There is a clear role for behavioural science in informing interventions to prevent people from developing type 2 diabetes, based on strong evidence of reach, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This review identifies key priorities for research needed to improve existing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. French
- Manchester Centre of Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Mental HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Amy L. Ahern
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Colin J. Greaves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Rhiannon E. Hawkes
- Manchester Centre of Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Mental HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Rachel Pechey
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Falko F. Sniehotta
- Division of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD)Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural ScienceNewcastle UniversityUK
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Porta EOJ, Kalesh K, Steel PG. Navigating drug repurposing for Chagas disease: advances, challenges, and opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1233253. [PMID: 37576826 PMCID: PMC10416112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1233253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a vector-borne illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). It poses a significant public health burden, particularly in the poorest regions of Latin America. Currently, there is no available vaccine, and chemotherapy has been the traditional treatment for Chagas disease. However, the treatment options are limited to just two outdated medicines, nifurtimox and benznidazole, which have serious side effects and low efficacy, especially during the chronic phase of the disease. Collectively, this has led the World Health Organization to classify it as a neglected disease. To address this problem, new drug regimens are urgently needed. Drug repurposing, which involves the use of existing drugs already approved for the treatment of other diseases, represents an increasingly important option. This approach offers potential cost reduction in new drug discovery processes and can address pharmaceutical bottlenecks in the development of drugs for Chagas disease. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art of drug repurposing approaches, including combination therapy with existing drugs, to overcome the formidable challenges associated with treating Chagas disease. Organized by original therapeutic area, we describe significant recent advances, as well as the challenges in this field. In particular, we identify candidates that exhibit potential for heightened efficacy and reduced toxicity profiles with the ultimate objective of accelerating the development of new, safe, and effective treatments for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karunakaran Kalesh
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
- National Horizons Centre, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Bara‐Estaún A, Harder MC, Lyall CL, Lowe JP, Suturina E, Hintermair U. Paramagnetic Relaxation Agents for Enhancing Temporal Resolution and Sensitivity in Multinuclear FlowNMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300215. [PMID: 36946535 PMCID: PMC10962566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity in FlowNMR spectroscopy for reaction monitoring often suffers from low levels of pre-magnetisation due to limited residence times of the sample in the magnetic field. While this in-flow effect is tolerable for high sensitivity nuclei such as 1 H and 19 F, it significantly reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in 31 P and 13 C spectra, making FlowNMR impractical for low sensititvity nuclei at low concentrations. Paramagnetic relaxation agents (PRAs), which enhance polarisation and spin-lattice relaxation, could eliminate the adverse in-flow effect and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, [Co(acac)3 ], [Mn(acac)3 ], [Fe(acac)3 ], [Cr(acac)3 ], [Ni(acac)2 ]3, [Gd(tmhd)3 ] and [Cr(tmhd)3 ] are investigated for their effectiveness in improving signal intensity per unit time in FlowNMR applications under the additional constraint of chemical inertness towards catalytically active transition metal complexes. High-spin Cr(III) acetylacetonates emerged as the most effective compounds, successfully reducing 31 P T1 values four- to five-fold at PRA concentrations as low as 10 mM without causing adverse line broadening. Whereas [Cr(acac)3 ] showed signs of chemical reactivity with a mixture of triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine oxide and triphenylphosphate over the course of several hours at 80° C, the bulkier [Cr(tmhd)3 ] was stable and equally effective as a PRA under these conditions. Compatibility with a range of representative transition metal complexes often used in homogeneous catalysis has been investigated, and application of [Cr(tmhd)3 ] in significantly improving 1 H and 31 P{1 H} FlowNMR data quality in a Rh-catalysed hydroformylation reaction has been demonstrated. With the PRA added, 13 C relaxation times were reduced more than six-fold, allowing quantitative reaction monitoring of substrate consumption and product formation by 13 C{1 H} FlowNMR spectroscopy at natural abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bara‐Estaún
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie C. Harder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine L. Lyall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizaveta Suturina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Institute for SustainabilityUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
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Morland F, Ewen JG, Simons MJP, Brekke P, Hemmings N. Early-life telomere length predicts life-history strategy and reproductive senescence in a threatened wild songbird. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4031-4043. [PMID: 37173827 PMCID: PMC10947174 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are well known for their associations with lifespan and ageing across diverse taxa. Early-life telomere length can be influenced by developmental conditions and has been shown positively affect lifetime reproductive success in a limited number of studies. Whether these effects are caused by a change in lifespan, reproductive rate or perhaps most importantly reproductive senescence is unclear. Using long-term data on female breeding success from a threatened songbird (the hihi, Notiomystis cincta), we show that the early-life telomere length of individuals predicts the presence and rate of future senescence of key reproductive traits: clutch size and hatching success. In contrast, senescence of fledging success is not associated with early-life telomere length, which may be due to the added influence of biparental care at this stage. Early-life telomere length does not predict lifespan or lifetime reproductive success in this species. Females may therefore change their reproductive allocation strategy depending on their early developmental conditions, which we hypothesise are reflected in their early-life telomere length. Our results offer new insights on the role that telomeres play in reproductive senescence and individual fitness and suggest telomere length can be used as a predictor for future life history in threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Morland
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - John G. Ewen
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
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Zhu J, Ye J, Dong L, Ma X, Tang N, Xu P, Jin W, Li R, Yang G, Lai X. Non-invasive prediction of overall survival time for glioblastoma multiforme patients based on multimodal MRI radiomics. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 2023; 33:1261-1274. [PMID: 38505467 PMCID: PMC10946632 DOI: 10.1002/ima.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly primary malignant brain tumor. As GBM tumor is aggressive and shows high biological heterogeneity, the overall survival (OS) time is extremely low even with the most aggressive treatment. If the OS time can be predicted before surgery, developing personalized treatment plans for GBM patients will be beneficial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly used diagnostic tool for brain tumors with high-resolution and sound imaging effects. However, in clinical practice, doctors mainly rely on manually segmenting the tumor regions in MRI and predicting the OS time of GBM patients, which is time-consuming, subjective and repetitive, limiting the effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to segment the brain tumor regions in MRI, and an accurate pre-operative prediction of OS time for personalized treatment is highly desired. In this study, we present a multimodal MRI radiomics-based automatic framework for non-invasive prediction of the OS time for GBM patients. A modified 3D-UNet model is built to segment tumor subregions in MRI of GBM patients; then, the radiomic features in the tumor subregions are extracted and combined with the clinical features input into the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model to predict the OS time. In the experiments, the BraTS2020, BraTS2019 and BraTS2018 datasets are used to evaluate our framework. Our model achieves competitive OS time prediction accuracy compared to most typical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Department of UrologyHangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianming Ye
- First Affiliated HospitalGannan Medical UniversityGanzhouChina
| | - Leshui Dong
- School of Medical Technology and Information EngineeringZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- School of Medical Technology and Information EngineeringZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Na Tang
- School of Medical Technology and Information EngineeringZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Peng Xu
- The Third Affiliated HospitalZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Medical Technology and Information EngineeringZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Department of UrologyHangzhou Third People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Cardiovascular Research CentreRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Xiaobo Lai
- Department of UrologyHangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- School of Medical Technology and Information EngineeringZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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Abbondanza F, Dale PS, Wang CA, Hayiou‐Thomas ME, Toseeb U, Koomar TS, Wigg KG, Feng Y, Price KM, Kerr EN, Guger SL, Lovett MW, Strug LJ, van Bergen E, Dolan CV, Tomblin JB, Moll K, Schulte‐Körne G, Neuhoff N, Warnke A, Fisher SE, Barr CL, Michaelson JJ, Boomsma DI, Snowling MJ, Hulme C, Whitehouse AJO, Pennell CE, Newbury DF, Stein J, Talcott JB, Bishop DVM, Paracchini S. Language and reading impairments are associated with increased prevalence of non-right-handedness. Child Dev 2023; 94:970-984. [PMID: 36780127 PMCID: PMC10330064 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Handedness has been studied for association with language-related disorders because of its link with language hemispheric dominance. No clear pattern has emerged, possibly because of small samples, publication bias, and heterogeneous criteria across studies. Non-right-handedness (NRH) frequency was assessed in N = 2503 cases with reading and/or language impairment and N = 4316 sex-matched controls identified from 10 distinct cohorts (age range 6-19 years old; European ethnicity) using a priori set criteria. A meta-analysis (Ncases = 1994) showed elevated NRH % in individuals with language/reading impairment compared with controls (OR = 1.21, CI = 1.06-1.39, p = .01). The association between reading/language impairments and NRH could result from shared pathways underlying brain lateralization, handedness, and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip S. Dale
- Department of Speech and Hearing SciencesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Carol A. Wang
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Umar Toseeb
- Department of EducationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Karen G. Wigg
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yu Feng
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kaitlyn M. Price
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental HealthHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth N. Kerr
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychologyHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sharon L. Guger
- Department of PsychologyHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Maureen W. Lovett
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental HealthHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lisa J. Strug
- Genetics and Genome BiologyHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Dalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elsje van Bergen
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Conor V. Dolan
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Kristina Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Hospital MunichMunchenGermany
| | - Gerd Schulte‐Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Hospital MunichMunchenGermany
| | - Nina Neuhoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Hospital MunichMunchenGermany
| | | | - Simon E. Fisher
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Cathy L. Barr
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental HealthHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dianne F. Newbury
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - John Stein
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Joel B. Talcott
- Aston Brain Center, School of Life and Health SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK
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Zhang N, Barrell WB, Liu KJ. Identification of distinct subpopulations of Gli1-lineage cells in the mouse mandible. J Anat 2023; 243:90-99. [PMID: 36899483 PMCID: PMC10273353 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog pathway gene Gli1 has been proposed to mark a subpopulation of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in craniofacial bone. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are multi-potent cells crucial for the development and homeostasis of bone. Recent studies on long bones have suggested that skeletal stem cells in endochondral or intramembranous ossification sites have different differentiation capacities. However, this has not been well-defined in neural crest derived bones. Generally, the long bones are derived from mesoderm and follow an endochondral ossification model, while most of the cranial bones are neural crest (NC) in origin and follow an intramembranous ossification model. The mandible is unique: It is derived from the neural crest lineage but makes use of both modes of ossification. Early in fetal development, the mandibular body is generated by intramembranous ossification with subsequent endochondral ossification forming the condyle. The identities and properties for SSCs in these two sites remain unknown. Here, we use genetic lineage tracing in mouse to identify cells expressing the Hedgehog responsive gene Gli1, which is thought to mark the tissue resident SSCs. We track the Gli1+ cells, comparing cells within the perichondrium to those in the periosteum covering the mandibular body. In juvenile mice, these have distinct differentiation and proliferative potential. We also assess the presence of Sox10+ cells, thought to mark neural crest stem cells, but find no substantial population associated with the mandibular skeleton, suggesting that Sox10+ cells have limited contribution to maintaining postnatal mandibular bone. All together, our study indicates that the Gli1+ cells display distinct and limited differentiation capacity dependent on their regional associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatogy, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - William B. Barrell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Burke PMJ, Mannion PD. Neuroanatomy of the crocodylian Tomistoma dowsoni from the Miocene of North Africa provides insights into the evolutionary history of gavialoids. J Anat 2023; 243:1-22. [PMID: 36929596 PMCID: PMC10273334 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interrelationships of the extant crocodylians Gavialis gangeticus and Tomistoma schlegelii have been historically disputed. Whereas molecular analyses indicate a sister taxon relationship between these two gavialoid species, morphological datasets typically place Gavialis as the outgroup to all other extant crocodylians. Recent morphological-based phylogenetic analyses have begun to resolve this discrepancy, recovering Gavialis as the closest living relative of Tomistoma; however, several stratigraphically early fossil taxa are recovered as closer to Gavialis than Tomistoma, resulting in anomalously early divergence timings. As such, additional morphological data might be required to resolve these remaining discrepancies. 'Tomistoma' dowsoni is an extinct species of gavialoid from the Miocene of North Africa. Utilising CT scans of a near-complete, referred skull, we reconstruct the neuroanatomy and neurosensory apparatus of 'Tomistoma' dowsoni. Based on qualitative and quantitative morphometric comparisons with other crocodyliforms, the neuroanatomy of 'Tomistoma' dowsoni is characterised by an intermediate morphology between the two extant gavialoids, more closely resembling Gavialis. This mirrors the results of recent studies based on the external anatomy of these three species and other fossil gavialoids. Several neuroanatomical features of these species appear to reflect ecological and/or phylogenetic signals. For example, the 'simple' morphology of their neurosensory apparatus is broadly similar to that of other long and narrow-snouted (longirostrine), aquatic crocodyliforms. A dorsoventrally short, anteroposteriorly long endosseous labyrinth is also associated with longirostry. These features indicate that snout and skull morphology, which are themselves partly constrained by ecology, exert an influence on neuroanatomical morphology, as has also been recognised in birds and turtles. Conversely, the presence of a pterygoid bulla in Gavialis and several extinct gavialoids, and its absence in Tomistoma schlegelii, could be interpreted as a phylogenetic signal of crocodylians more closely related to Gavialis than to Tomistoma. Evaluation of additional fossil gavialoids will be needed to further test whether these and other neuroanatomical features primarily reflect a phylogenetic or ecological signal. By incorporating such previously inaccessible information of extinct and extant gavialoids into phylogenetic and macroecological studies, we can potentially further constrain the clade's interrelationships, as well as evaluate the timing and ecological association of the evolution of these neuroanatomical features. Finally, our study supports recent phylogenetic analyses that place 'Tomistoma' dowsoni as being phylogenetically closer to Gavialis gangeticus than to Tomistoma schlegelii, indicating the necessity of a taxonomic revision of this fossil species.
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Mur J, Marioni RE, Russ TC, Muniz‐Terrera G, Cox SR. Anticholinergic burden in middle and older age is associated with lower cognitive function, but not with brain atrophy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:2224-2235. [PMID: 36813260 PMCID: PMC10953410 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to estimate the association between anticholinergic burden, general cognitive ability and various measures of brain structural MRI in relatively healthy middle-aged and older individuals. METHODS In the UK Biobank participants with linked health-care records (n = 163,043, aged 40-71 at baseline), of whom about 17 000 had MRI data available, we calculated the total anticholinergic drug burden according to 15 different anticholinergic scales and due to different classes of drugs. We then used linear regression to explore the associations between anticholinergic burden and various measures of cognition and structural MRI, including general cognitive ability, 9 separate cognitive domains, brain atrophy, volumes of 68 cortical and 14 subcortical areas and fractional anisotropy and median diffusivity of 25 white-matter tracts. RESULTS Anticholinergic burden was modestly associated with poorer cognition across most anticholinergic scales and cognitive tests (7/9 FDR-adjusted significant associations, standardised betas (β) range: -0.039, -0.003). When using the anticholinergic scale exhibiting the strongest association with cognitive functions, anticholinergic burden due to only some classes of drugs exhibited negative associations with cognitive function, with β-lactam antibiotics (β = -0.035, PFDR < 0.001) and opioids (β = -0.026, PFDR < 0.001) exhibiting the strongest effects. Anticholinergic burden was not associated with any measure of brain macrostructure or microstructure (PFDR > 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Anticholinergic burden is weakly associated with poorer cognition, but there is little evidence for associations with brain structure. Future studies might focus more broadly on polypharmacy or more narrowly on distinct drug classes, instead of using purported anticholinergic action to study the effects of drugs on cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Mur
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Edinburgh Dementia PreventionUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Graciela Muniz‐Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia PreventionUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Social MedicineOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Yeo S, Choi A, Greaves S, Meijer AJHM, Silvestri IP, Coldham I. Kinetic Resolution of 2-Aryldihydroquinolines Using Lithiation - Synthesis of Chiral 1,2- and 1,4-Dihydroquinolines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300815. [PMID: 37067465 PMCID: PMC10946909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly enantiomerically enriched dihydrohydroquinolines were prepared in two steps from quinoline. Addition of aryllithiums to quinoline with tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protection gave N-Boc-2-aryl-1,2-dihydroquinolines. These were treated with n-butyllithium and electrophilic trapping occurred exclusively at C-4 of the dihydroquinoline, a result supported by DFT studies. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy gave kinetic data for the barrier to rotation of the carbonyl group (ΔG≠ ≈49 kJ mol-1 , 195 K). Lithiation using the diamine sparteine allowed kinetic resolutions with high enantioselectivities (enantiomer ratio up to 99 : 1). The enantioenriched 1,2-dihydroquinolines could be converted to 1,4-dihydroquinolines with retention of stereochemistry. Further functionalisation led to trisubstituted products. Reduction provided enantioenriched tetrahydroquinolines, whereas acid-promoted removal of Boc led to quinolines, and this was applied to a synthesis of the antimalarial compound M5717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song‐Hee Yeo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Anthony Choi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Sophie Greaves
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | | | - Iain Coldham
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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Daaoub A, Morris JMF, Béland VA, Demay‐Drouhard P, Hussein A, Higgins SJ, Sadeghi H, Nichols RJ, Vezzoli A, Baumgartner T, Sangtarash S. Not So Innocent After All: Interfacial Chemistry Determines Charge-Transport Efficiency in Single-Molecule Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302150. [PMID: 37029093 PMCID: PMC10953449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Most studies in molecular electronics focus on altering the molecular wire backbone to tune the electrical properties of the whole junction. However, it is often overlooked that the chemical structure of the groups anchoring the molecule to the metallic electrodes influences the electronic structure of the whole system and, therefore, its conductance. We synthesised electron-accepting dithienophosphole oxide derivatives and fabricated their single-molecule junctions. We found that the anchor group has a dramatic effect on charge-transport efficiency: in our case, electron-deficient 4-pyridyl contacts suppress conductance, while electron-rich 4-thioanisole termini promote efficient transport. Our calculations show that this is due to minute changes in charge distribution, probed at the electrode interface. Our findings provide a framework for efficient molecular junction design, especially valuable for compounds with strong electron withdrawing/donating backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalghani Daaoub
- Device Modelling GroupSchool of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - James M. F. Morris
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Paul Demay‐Drouhard
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Amaar Hussein
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling GroupSchool of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of ChemistryYork University4700 Keele StreetTorontoON, M3J 1P3Canada
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling GroupSchool of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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