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Vidal MS, Radnaa E, Vora N, Khanipov K, Antich C, Ferrer M, Urrabaz-Garza R, Jacob JE, Menon R. Establishment and comparison of human term placenta-derived trophoblast cells†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:950-970. [PMID: 38330185 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the biology of fetal-maternal barriers has been limited by access to physiologically relevant cells, including trophoblast cells. In this study, we describe the development of a human term placenta-derived cytotrophoblast immortalized cell line (hPTCCTB) derived from the basal plate. Human-term placenta-derived cytotrophoblast immortalized cell line cells are comparable to their primary cells of origin in terms of morphology, marker expression, and functional responses. We demonstrate that these can transform into syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblasts. We also compared the hPTCCTB cells to immortalized chorionic trophoblasts (hFM-CTC), trophoblasts of the chorionic plate, and BeWo cells, choriocarcinoma cell lines of conventional use. Human-term placenta-derived cytotrophoblast immortalized cell line and hFM-CTCs displayed more similarity to each other than to BeWos, but these differ in syncytialization ability. Overall, this study (1) demonstrates that the immortalized hPTCCTB generated are cells of higher physiological relevance and (2) provides a look into the distinction between the spatially distinct placental and fetal barrier trophoblasts cells, hPTCCTB and hFM-CTC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S Vidal
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natasha Vora
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Antich
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jeena E Jacob
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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Zaugg J, Albrecht C. Assessment of Placental Sodium-Independent Leucine Uptake and Transfer in Trophoblast Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2728:105-121. [PMID: 38019395 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3495-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The placenta maintains the balance between nutrition and growth control of the fetus through selective and regulated supply of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and critical micronutrients. Perturbations in the balanced supply of nutrients as found in gestational diseases and altered fetal development have been associated with changes in amino acid transport proteins, such as the System L amino acid heterodimeric exchangers LAT1/SLC7A5 and LAT2/SLC7A8. Syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) form the crucial cell layer at the placental barrier coordinating the transfer of essential amino acids such as leucine from the maternal to the fetal circulation. The System L-mediated leucine transport across the placental barrier is a Na+-independent process against a counter-directed gradient, maintained by a tightly regulated interplay between accumulative transporters, exchangers, and facilitators.The two methods described here allow to standardize and characterize the uptake kinetics of leucine in conventionally cultured BeWo cells and the transfer of leucine across the placental cell barrier using a BeWo monolayer in the Transwell® system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Zhang R, Walker L, Wen X, Doherty C, Gorczyca L, Buckley B, Barrett ES, Aleksunes LM. Placental BCRP transporter reduces cadmium accumulation and toxicity in immortalized human trophoblasts. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 121:108466. [PMID: 37660740 PMCID: PMC10591833 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental metal detectable in most pregnant women. Animal and human studies demonstrate that in utero exposure to Cd reduces birth weight and impairs perinatal growth due to placental toxicity. BCRP is a prominent transporter that can efflux xenobiotics from the placenta. This study sought to investigate Cd transport and toxicity in cultured human BeWo trophoblasts with reduced expression and function of the placental barrier transporter BCRP. Knockdown (KD) of BCRP protein expression and function in BeWo trophoblasts increased the intracellular accumulation of Cd by 100% following treatment with 1 μM CdCl2. No change in the expression of Cd uptake transporters was observed between control and BCRP-KD cells. Reduced BCRP expression impaired viability of BeWo cells exposed to CdCl2 for 48 hr (BCRP-KD IC50: 11 μM, control cells IC50: 18 μM). Moreover, BCRP-KD cells were more sensitive to CdCl2-induced cytotoxicity compared to control BeWo cells. CdCl2 treatment strongly induced the expression of the metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT) in both control and BCRP-KD cells, with significantly greater MT upregulation in Cd-treated BCRP-KD cells. These data suggest that the BCRP transporter reduces Cd accumulation in syncytiotrophoblasts, which may be one mechanism to reduce subsequent toxicity to the placenta and developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lauren Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cathleen Doherty
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ludwik Gorczyca
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Nashif SK, Mahr RM, Jena S, Jo S, Nelson AB, Sadowski D, Crawford PA, Puchalska P, Alejandro EU, Gearhart MD, Wernimont SA. Metformin impairs trophoblast metabolism and differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1167097. [PMID: 37250894 PMCID: PMC10213689 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1167097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed medication whose mechanism of action is not completely defined and whose role in gestational diabetes management remains controversial. In addition to increasing the risk of fetal growth abnormalities and preeclampsia, gestational diabetes is associated with abnormalities in placental development including impairments in trophoblast differentiation. Given that metformin impacts cellular differentiation events in other systems, we assessed metformin's impact on trophoblast metabolism and differentiation. Using established cell culture models of trophoblast differentiation, oxygen consumption rates and relative metabolite abundance were determined following 200 µM (therapeutic range) and 2000 µM (supra-therapeutic range) metformin treatment using Seahorse and mass-spectrometry approaches. While no differences in oxygen consumption rates or relative metabolite abundance were detected between vehicle and 200 µM metformin-treated cells, 2000 µM metformin impaired oxidative metabolism and increased the abundance of lactate and TCA cycle intermediates, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, and malate. Examining differentiation, treatment with 2000 μM, but not 200 µM metformin, impaired HCG production and expression of multiple trophoblast differentiation markers. Overall, this work suggests that supra-therapeutic concentrations of metformin impair trophoblast metabolism and differentiation whereas metformin concentrations in the therapeutic range do not strongly impact these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sereen K. Nashif
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Renee M. Mahr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Snehalata Jena
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alisa B. Nelson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Danielle Sadowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Peter A. Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Micah D. Gearhart
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah A. Wernimont
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Tossetta G, Fantone S, Giannubilo SR, Ciavattini A, Senzacqua M, Frontini A, Marzioni D. HTRA1 in Placental Cell Models: A Possible Role in Preeclampsia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3815-3828. [PMID: 37232715 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) is a multidomain secretory protein with serine-protease activity involved in the regulation of many cellular processes in both physiological and pathological conditions. HTRA1 is normally expressed in the human placenta, and its expression is higher in the first trimester compared to the third trimester, suggesting an important role of this serine protease in the early phases of human placenta development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional role of HTRA1 in in vitro models of human placenta in order to define the role of this serine protease in preeclampsia (PE). BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells expressing HTRA1 were used as syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast models, respectively. Oxidative stress was induced by treating BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells with H2O2 to mimic PE conditions in order to evaluate its effect on HTRA1 expression. In addition, HTRA1 overexpression and silencing experiments were performed to evaluate the effects on syncytialization, cell mobility, and invasion processes. Our main data showed that oxidative stress significantly increased HTRA1 expression in both BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells. In addition, we demonstrated that HTRA1 has a pivotal role in cell motility and invasion processes. In particular, HTRA1 overexpression increased while HTRA1 silencing decreased cell motility and invasion in HTR8/SVneo cell model. In conclusion, our results suggest an important role of HTRA1 in regulating extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion and motility during the early stage of placentation in the first trimester of gestation, suggesting a key role of this serine protease in PE onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60128 Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Parsons AM, Rajendran RR, Whitcomb LA, Bouma GJ, Chicco AJ. Characterization of trophoblast mitochondrial function and responses to testosterone treatment in ACH-3P cells. Placenta 2023; 137:70-77. [PMID: 37087951 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trophoblast mitochondria play important roles in placental energy metabolism, physiology and pathophysiology. Hyperandrogenism has been associated with mitochondrial abnormalities in pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction, but the direct impacts of androgen exposure on placental mitochondrial function are unknown. Given the inherent limitations of studying the human placenta during pregnancy, trophoblast cell lines are routinely used to model placental biology in vitro. The aim of this study was to characterize mitochondrial respiratory function in four commonly used trophoblast cell lines to provide a basis for selecting one well-suited to investigating the impact of androgens on trophoblast mitochondrial function. METHODS Androgen receptor expression, mitochondrial respiration (JO2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rates were evaluated in three human trophoblast cell lines (ACH-3P, BeWo and Swan-71) and one immortalized ovine trophoblast line (iOTR) under basal and substrate-stimulated conditions using high-resolution fluorespirometry. RESULTS ACH-3P cells exhibited the greatest mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency of the four trophoblast lines tested, along with robust expression of androgen receptor protein that was found to co-localize with mitochondria by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Acute testosterone administration (10 nM) tended to decrease ACH-3P mitochondrial JO2 and increase ROS release, while chronic (7 days) testosterone exposure increased expression of mitochondrial proteins, JO2, and ROS release. DISCUSSION These studies establish ACH-3P as a suitable cell line for investigating trophoblast mitochondrial function, and provide foundational evidence supporting links between hyperandrogenism and placental mitochondrial ROS production with potential relevance to several common pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Parsons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ranjitha Raja Rajendran
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Abstract
Background: Fetal brain development in the first half of pregnancy is dependent on maternal thyroid hormone (TH), highlighting the importance of trans-placental TH transport. It is yet unclear which transporters are involved in this process. We aimed to identify the major TH transporters in a human placental cell model (BeWo cells). Methods: Messenger RNA expression of the known TH transporters (the monocarboxylate transporter [MCT]8, MCT10, the L-type amino acid transporter [LAT]1, LAT2, the organic anion transporting peptide [OATP]1A2 and OATP4A1) in BeWo cells and human placenta were determined by quantitative PCR. To determine the specificity and efficacy of transporter inhibitors, we first determined TH uptake at different inhibitor concentrations in African green monkey kidney fibroblast-like cells (COS1 cells) overexpressing TH transporters. We then tested TH uptake in BeWo cells in the presence or absence of the optimal inhibitor concentrations. Results: All tested TH transporters were expressed in human term placentas, whereas MCT8 was absent in BeWo cells. Both 2-amino-2-norbornanecarboxylic acid (BCH) and L-tryptophan at 1 mM inhibited LATs, whereas at the highest concentration (10 mM) L-tryptophan also inhibited MCT10. Verapamil inhibited OATP1A2 and less efficiently both MCTs, but not LATs. Both rifampicin and naringin reduced OATP1A2 activity. Finally, silychristin inhibited MCT8 at submicromolar concentrations and OATP1A2 partially only at the highest concentration tested (10 μM). In BeWo cells, verapamil reduced triiodothyronine (T3) uptake by 24%, BCH by 31%, and 1 mM L-tryptophan by 41%. The combination of BCH and verapamil additively decreased T3 uptake by 53% and the combination of BCH and 10 mM L-tryptophan by 60%, suggesting a major role for MCT10 and LATs in placental T3 uptake. Indeed, transfection of BeWo cells with MCT10-specific small interfering RNA significantly reduced T3 uptake. Only the combination of BCH and verapamil significantly reduced thyroxine (T4) uptake in BeWo cells, by 32%. Conclusions: Using pharmacological inhibitors, we show that MCT10 and LATs play a major role in T3 uptake in BeWo cells. T4 uptake appears independent of known TH transporters, suggesting the presence of, currently unknown, alternative transporter(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Chen
- Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A.S. Elise van der Sman
- Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Groeneweg
- Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Johanna de Rooij
- Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Edward Visser
- Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel E. Meima
- Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to: Marcel E. Meima, PhD, Erasmus MC Academic Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
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Koishikawa M, Furugen A, Ohyama N, Narumi K, Ishikawa S, Kobayashi M. Uptake of antiepileptic drugs in forskolin-induced differentiated BeWo cells: Alteration of gabapentin transport. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:405-412. [PMID: 35642749 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2085635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the expression levels of several transporters are altered during placental trophoblast differentiation. However, changes in the transport activities of therapeutic agents during differentiation must be comprehensively characterised. Antiepileptic drugs, including gabapentin (GBP), lamotrigine (LTG), topiramate, and levetiracetam, are increasingly prescribed during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to elucidate differences in the uptake of antiepileptic drugs during the differentiation process.Human placental choriocarcinoma BeWo cells were used as trophoblast models. For differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast-like cells, cells were treated with forskolin.The uptake of GBP and LTG was lower in differentiated BeWo cells than in undifferentiated cells. In particular, the maximum uptake rate of GBP transport was decreased in differentiated BeWo cells. Furthermore, GBP transport was trans-stimulated by the amino acids His and Met. We investigated the profiles of amino acids in undifferentiated and differentiated BeWo cells. Supplementation with His and Met, which demonstrated trans-stimulatory effects on GBP uptake, restored GBP uptake in differentiated cells. The findings of this study suggest that drug transport in BeWo cells can be altered before and after differentiation, and that the altered GBP uptake could be mediated by the intracellular amino acid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Koishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Nanami Ohyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Wu B, Chen Y, Clarke R, Akala E, Yang P, He B, Gao H. AMPK Signaling Regulates Mitophagy and Mitochondrial ATP Production in Human Trophoblast Cell Line BeWo. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2022; 27:118. [PMID: 35468677 PMCID: PMC9830999 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2704118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial structural and functional defects are present in human placentas affected by pregnancy related disorders, but mitophagy pathways in human trophoblast cells/placental tissues have not been investigated. METHODS In this study, we investigated three major mitophagy pathways mediated by PRKN, FUNDC1, and BNIP3/BNIP3L in response to AMPK activation by AICAR and knockdown of PRKAA1/2 (AKD) in human trophoblast cell line BeWo and the effect of AKD on mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. RESULTS Autophagy flux assay demonstrated that AMPK signaling activation stimulates autophagy, evidenced increased LC3II and SQSTM1 protein abundance in the whole cell lysates and mitochondrial fractions, and mitophagy flux assay demonstrated that the activation of AMPK signaling stimulates mitophagy via PRKN and FUNDC1 mediated but not BNIP3/BNIP3L mediated pathways. The stimulatory regulation of AMPK signaling on mitophagy was confirmed by AKD which reduced the abundance of LC3II, SQSTM1, PRKN, and FUNDC1 proteins, but increased the abundance of BNIP3/BNIP3L proteins. Coincidently, AKD resulted in elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial ATP production, compared to control BeWo cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, AMPK signaling stimulates mitophagy in human trophoblast cells via PRKN and FUNDC1 mediated mitophagy pathways and AMPK regulated mitophagy contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Emmanuel Akala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin He
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, National Research Institute for Family Planning, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA,Correspondence: (Haijun Gao)
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Huang Q, Niu Y, Song L, Huang J, Wang C, Ma T. Does LIN28B gene dysregulation make women more likely to abort? Reprod Fertil 2022; 2:211-220. [PMID: 35118391 PMCID: PMC8801024 DOI: 10.1530/raf-21-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LIN28B plays an important role in early embryonic development, but its role in villous trophoblast implantation and differentiation remains unknown. This study aims to verify the role of LIN28B in trophoblastic villous tissue and cells from women with URSA (unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion) and artificial termination of pregnancy (negative control, NC). Methods The LIN28B gene and its protein expression level were detected with real-time quantitative PCR, Western immunoblotting analysis, and immunocytochemistry. The gene was also overexpressed in chorionic villous cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo) to examine its effect on trophoblast function. Results The expression of LIN28B mRNA and protein of URSA villi was lower than that in the NC group. At the cellular level, overexpression of LIN28B enhanced cellular migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis. LIN28B may inhibit apoptosis by promoting Akt phosphorylation and by inhibiting Bad phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression. In addition, LIN28B inhibited cell fusion and reduced cellular syncytia. Conclusions LIN28B can inhibit cell invasion and migration in vitro and promote apoptosis and fusion. The low expression of LIN28B in URSA villous trophoblast cells may be one of the causes of abortion. The role of LIN28B in villous trophoblasts needs further study. Lay summary Propagation of offspring is of great significance to the continuation of the human race. However, continuous pregnancy is more difficult for some women, especially women who have multiple miscarriages. One important contributor is the cessation of development caused by genetic factors of the embryo, but there are still many unknown reasons. We investigated the LIN28B gene which is a possible pathogenic factor in the placenta. We collected 25 cases of abortion in the experimental group (unexplained recurrent abortion group) and 25 in the control group (artificial termination of pregnancy group): on average at 7–8 weeks of pregnancy. We tested the function of lin28b in these samples and verified its function in cell lines. LIN28B plays an important role in maintaining early pregnancy by promoting the invasion of villous cells, inhibiting apoptosis and fusion, and the reduction of LIN28B expression may lead to the occurrence of early miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiaoYao Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - YanRu Niu
- Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Orthopaedics. Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - LiJun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - JinZhi Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - TianZhong Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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11
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Fragki S, Hoogenveen R, van Oostrom C, Schwillens P, Piersma AH, Zeilmaker MJ. Integrating in vitro chemical transplacental passage into a generic PBK model: A QIVIVE approach. Toxicology 2022; 465:153060. [PMID: 34871708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing application of cell culture models as primary tools for predicting chemical safety, the quantitative extrapolation of the effective dose from in vitro to in vivo (QIVIVE) is of increasing importance. For developmental toxicity this requires scaling the in vitro observed dose-response characteristics to in vivo fetal exposure, while integrating maternal in vivo kinetics during pregnancy, in particular transplacental transfer. Here the transfer of substances across the placental barrier, has been studied using the in vitro BeWo cell assay and six embryotoxic compounds of different kinetic complexity. The BeWo assay results were incorporated in an existing generic Physiologically Based Kinetic (PBK) model which for this purpose was extended with rat pregnancy. Finally, as a "proof of principle", the BeWo PBK model was used to perform a QIVIVE based on developmental toxicity as observed in various different in vitro toxicity assays. The BeWo results illustrated different transport profiles of the chemicals across the BeWo monolayer, allocating the substances into two distinct groups: the 'quickly-transported' and the 'slowly-transported'. BeWo PBK exposure simulations during gestation were compared to experimentally measured maternal blood and fetal concentrations and a reverse dosimetry approach was applied to translate in vitro observed embryotoxicity into equivalent in vivo dose-response curves. This approach allowed for a direct comparison of the in vitro dose-response characteristics as observed in the Whole Embryo Culture (WEC), and the Embryonic Stem Cell test (cardiac:ESTc and neural:ESTn) with in vivo rat developmental toxicity data. Overall, the in vitro to in vivo comparisons suggest a promising future for the application of such QIVIVE methodologies for screening and prioritization purposes of developmental toxicants. Nevertheless, the clear need for further improvements is acknowledged for a wider application of the approach in chemical safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Fragki
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Rudolf Hoogenveen
- Centre for Statistics, Informatics and Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Conny van Oostrom
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Schwillens
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco J Zeilmaker
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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12
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Yap YW, Hannan NJ, Wallace EM, Marshall SA. Silencing of Nrf genes in the human placenta as measured by SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting techniques. Placenta 2022; 118:70-74. [PMID: 35045361 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and the less well characterised proteins Nrf1 and Nrf3, are member of the cap 'n' collar family of transcription factors. Nrf proteins regulate the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and have recently become the targets for various therapeutic treatments. Recently, Nrf proteins have been of particular interest as a target in placental-derived oxidative stress induced pregnancy disorders. Here, we report the presence of Nrf1, Nrf2 and Nrf3 proteins in both human primary trophoblast and human trophoblast choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo). We also detail the steps taken to successfully silence all Nrf proteins in both human primary trophoblast cells and BeWo via detection of mRNA and protein using quantitative PCR, and SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann W Yap
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie J Hannan
- Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function in Pregnancy Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne & Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Heusler M, Einenkel R, Ehrhardt J, Muzzio DO, Zygmunt M. Low Abundance Fusobacterium Nucleatum Supports Early Pregnancy Development - An In Vitro Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698045. [PMID: 34531854 PMCID: PMC8438310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy success depends greatly on a balanced immune homeostasis. The detection of bacterial components in the upper reproductive tract in non-pregnant and pregnant women raised questions on its possible beneficial role in reproductive health. The local conditions that allow the presence of bacteria to harmonize with the establishment of pregnancy are still unknown. Among the described bacterial species in endometrial and placental samples, Fusobacterium nucleatum was found. It has been observed that F. nucleatum can induce tumorigenesis in colon carcinoma, a process that shares several features with embryo implantation. We propose that low concentrations of F. nucleatum may improve trophoblast function without exerting destructive responses. Inactivated F. nucleatum and E. coli were incubated with the trophoblastic cell lines HTR8/SVneo, BeWo, and JEG-3. Viability, proliferation, migratory capacity, invasiveness and the secretion of chemokines, other cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were assessed. The presence of F. nucleatum significantly induced HTR8/SVneo invasion, accompanied by the secretion of soluble mediators (CXCL1, IL-6 and IL-8) and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). However, as concentrations of F. nucleatum increased, these did not improve invasiveness, hindered migration, reduced cell viability and induced alterations in the cell cycle. Part of the F. nucleatum effects on cytokine release were reverted with the addition of a TLR4 blocking antibody. Other effects correlated with the level of expression of E-cadherin on the different cell lines tested. Low amounts of F. nucleatum promote invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells and induce the secretion of important mediators for pregnancy establishment. Some effects were independent of LPS and correlated with the expression of E-cadherin on trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Heusler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rebekka Einenkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Ehrhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Damián Oscar Muzzio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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14
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Kuncharoenwirat N, Chatuphonprasert W, Jarukamjorn K. Differential Impacts of Phenol Red on Benzo[ a]pyrene and Dexamethasone-Modified Cytochrome P450s in Human Cancer Cells. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:790-800. [PMID: 34486298 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.790.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Phenol red, the pH indicator in cell culture media, influences the expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in cell lines. This study aimed to examine how phenol red modified CYP induction by benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene and dexamethasone in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The cells (1×10<sup>5</sup> cells/well in a 24-well plate) were incubated with benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) or dexamethasone (1, 5 and 10 μM) in either phenol red or phenol red-free media for 24 hrs. The mRNA expression of CYPs was determined by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT/qPCR). <b>Results:</b> Phenol red enhanced expression of benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene-induced CYP1A2 inHepG2 and BeWo cells and suppressed benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene-induced CYP2A6 expression in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells, benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene induced CYP2B6 expression in HepG2 cells and benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene- and dexamethasone-induced CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. The expression of CYP3A5 was affected differently in HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines. Phenol red enhanced benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene- and dexamethasone-induced CYP3A5 expression in Caco-2 cells but suppressed benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene- and dexamethasone-induced CYP3A5 expression in HepG2 cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> Phenol red differentially influenced expression of benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene- and dexamethasone-induced CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 mRNAs in HepG2, Caco-2 and BeWo cells. Therefore, the inclusion of phenol red in cell culture media is of concern in studies of drug and xenobiotic metabolism via CYPs in human cell line models.
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15
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Knyazev EN, Paul SY, Tonevitsky AG. Chemical Induction of Trophoblast Hypoxia by Cobalt Chloride Leads to Increased Expression of DDIT3. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 499:251-256. [PMID: 34426922 PMCID: PMC8382627 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672921040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma cells BeWo b30 are used to model human placental trophoblast hypoxia using cobalt (II) chloride and hydroxyquinoline derivative (HD) as chemical inducers of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In this study, it was shown that both substances activate the hypoxic pathway and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and inhibit the pathways of cell proliferation. However, CoCl2 caused activation of the apoptosis pathway, increased the activity of effector caspases 3 and 7, and increased the expression of the unfolded protein response target DDIT3. The mTORC1 pathway was activated upon exposition to CoCl2, while HD suppressed this pathway, as it happens during real trophoblast hypoxia. Thus, effect of CoCl2 on BeWo cells can be a model of severe hypoxia with activation of apoptosis, while HD mimics moderate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Knyazev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. .,Translational Technology Center, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S Yu Paul
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Troitsk Research and Development Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Tonevitsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Wong MK, Li EW, Adam M, Selvaganapathy PR, Raha S. Establishment of an in vitro placental barrier model cultured under physiologically relevant oxygen levels. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:353-365. [PMID: 32159799 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placental barrier facilitates many key functions during pregnancy, most notably the exchange of all substances between the mother and fetus. However, preclinical models of the placental barrier often lacked the multiple cell layers, syncytialization of the trophoblast cells and the low oxygen levels that are present within the body. Therefore, we aimed to design and develop an in vitro model of the placental barrier that would reinstate these factors and enable improved investigations of barrier function. BeWo placental trophoblastic cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were co-cultured on contralateral sides of an extracellular matrix-coated transwell insert to establish a multilayered barrier. Epidermal growth factor and forskolin led to significantly increased multi-nucleation of the BeWo cell layer and increased biochemical markers of syncytial fusion, for example syncytin-1 and hCGβ. Our in vitro placental barrier possessed size-specific permeability, with 4000-Da molecules experiencing greater transport and a lower apparent permeability coefficient than 70 000-Da molecules. We further demonstrated that the BeWo layer had greater resistance to smaller molecules compared to the endothelial layer. Chronic, physiologically low oxygen exposure (3-8%) increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and syncytin-1, further increased multi-nucleation of the BeWo cell layer and decreased barrier permeability only against smaller molecules (457 Da/4000 Da). In conclusion, we built a novel in vitro co-culture model of the placental barrier that possessed size-specific permeability and could function under physiologically low oxygen levels. Importantly, this will enable future researchers to better study the maternal-fetal transport of nutrients and drugs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Wong
- Graduate Program of Medical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward W Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohamed Adam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sandeep Raha
- Graduate Program of Medical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
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17
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Etcheverry T, Accialini P, Palligas M, Loureiro F, Saraco N, Martínez N, Farina M. Endocannabinoid signaling impairs syncytialization: Using flow cytometry to evaluate forskolin-induced cell fusion. Placenta 2021; 103:152-5. [PMID: 33126049 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytotrophoblast cells fuse to form the syncytiotrophoblast, the main structure responsible for the placenta's specialized functions. This complex process denominated syncytialization is fundamental for a correct pregnancy outcome. We observed that the endocannabinoid anandamide disrupts syncytialization employing traditional techniques and flow cytometry in BeWo cell line.
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18
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Wang HL, Liang N, Huang DX, Zhao XY, Dang QY, Jiang XY, Xiao R, Yu HL. The effects of high-density lipoprotein and oxidized high-density lipoprotein on forskolin-induced syncytialization of BeWo cells. Placenta 2020; 103:199-205. [PMID: 33160253 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The negative relationship between maternal high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) level during pregnancy and infant birth weight has been found. Syncytialization (differentiation and fusion) of trophoblast cells is important to fetal development. HDL has an antioxidant effect, and has been proved to protect trophoblast functions including hormone secretion and invasion. However, HDL is susceptible to oxidation, and high concentrations of HDL impair cell growth and oxidized HDL (oxHDL) inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the effects of HDL and oxHDL on trophoblast syncytialization have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HDL and oxHDL on trophoblast syncytialization. METHODS Human choriocarcinoma trophoblasts (BeWo cells) were treated with human HDL or oxHDL and then induced to differentiate by forskolin in syncytialization assays. Expression levels of mRNAs and proteins regulating syncytialization were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Treatments of HDL at high concentrations reduced human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion, placental alkaline phosphatase activity and fusion rates, and decreased the expressions of GCM1 and ERVW-1 mRNA as well as phospho-MAPK1/3 (p-MAPK1/3) and total MAPK1/3 protein in the forskolin-induced syncytialization of BeWo cells. Furthermore, treatment of oxHDL (20 μg/ml) decreased hCG secretion, but increased the expression of p-MAPK1/3 protein. DISCUSSION These data suggested that both HDL at high concentrations and oxHDL inhibited BeWo cells syncytialization, and might be harmful to placental and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Wang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ning Liang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dong-Xu Huang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qin-Yu Dang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin-Yin Jiang
- Departments of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of City University of New York, NY, 11210, USA
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huan-Ling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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19
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Zaugg J, Huang X, Ziegler F, Rubin M, Graff J, Müller J, Moser-Hässig R, Powell T, Gertsch J, Altmann KH, Albrecht C. Small molecule inhibitors provide insights into the relevance of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno-foetal amino acid transport. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12681-12693. [PMID: 33001560 PMCID: PMC7687008 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta supplies the foetus with critical nutrients such as essential amino acids (AA, eg leucine) for development and growth. It also represents a cellular barrier which is formed by a polarized, differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) monolayer. Active Na+‐independent leucine transport across the placenta is mainly attributed to the System L transporters LAT1/SLC7A5 and LAT2/SLC7A8. This study explored the influence of trophoblast differentiation on the activity of LAT1/LAT2 and the relevance of LAT1/LAT2 in leucine uptake and transfer in trophoblasts by applying specific small molecule inhibitors (JPH203/JG336/JX009). L‐leucine uptake (total dose = 167 μmol/L) was sensitive to LAT1‐specific inhibition by JPH203 (EC50 = 2.55 µmol/L). The inhibition efficiency of JPH203 was increased by an additional methoxy group in the JPH203‐derivate JG336 (EC50 = 1.99 µmol/L). Interestingly, JX009 showed efficient System L inhibition (EC50 = 2.35 µmol/L) and was the most potent inhibitor of leucine uptake in trophoblasts. The application of JPH203 and JX009 in Transwell®‐based leucine transfer revealed LAT1 as the major accumulative transporter at the apical membrane, but other System L transporters such as LAT2 as rate‐limiting for leucine efflux across the basal membrane. Therefore, differential specificity of the applied inhibitors allowed for estimation of the contribution of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno‐foetal AA transfer and their potential impact in pregnancy diseases associated with impaired foetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ziegler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rubin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Graff
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Müller
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Moser-Hässig
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lindenhofgruppe, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Section, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Nersisyan SA, Shkurnikov MY, Knyazev EN. Factors Involved in miRNA Processing Change Its Expression Level during Imitation of Hypoxia in BeWo b30 Cells. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 493:205-207. [PMID: 32894466 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the main complications of pregnancy and causes of maternal and perinatal mortality is preeclampsia. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is associated with the development of placenta and fetal hypoxia and secretion of a number of effective molecules. The human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo b30 is often used as a model of the placental barrier. It was shown that oxyquinoline derivatives can mimic hypoxia by suppressing HIF-prolyl hydroxylases and the accumulation of HIF-1α. This effect also leads to a change in the expression of microRNAs and their target genes. However, with hypoxia in cells, not only the level of individual miRNAs but also the ratio of miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) can change, presumably due to inaccuracies in the work of the Drosha and Dicer enzymes. In this work, we showed a change in the expression of the factors involved in the maturation of miRNAs when simulating hypoxia in BeWo b30 cells with an oxyquinoline derivative, which may be one of the causes for the change in the ratio of miRNA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Shkurnikov
- Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Knyazev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Translational Technology Center, Moscow, Russia.
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21
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Kiyokawa E, Shoji H, Daikoku T. The supression of DOCK family members by their specific inhibitors induces the cell fusion of human trophoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1173-1179. [PMID: 32819582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among the members of the DOCK family, DOCK1-5 function as guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for small GTPase Rac1, which regulates the actin cytoskeleton. It has been reported that in model organisms the Dock-Rac axis is required for myoblast fusion. We examined the role of DOCK1-5 in trophoblast fusion herein. METHODS We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to examine the mRNA expressions of DOCK1-5 and differentiation-related genes, i.e., fusogenic genes, in human trophoblastic cell lines, BeWo and JEG-3. We treated BeWo cells with TBOPP and C21 to inhibit DOCK1 and DOCK5. Cell dynamics and cell fusion were assessed by live imaging and immunostaining. The signaling pathways induced by DOCK1/5 inhibition were examined by western blotting. RESULTS DOCK1 and DOCK5 were expressed in BeWo cells. The inhibition of DOCK1 or DOCK5 did not prevent the cell fusion induced by forskolin (a common reagent for cell fusion); it induced cell fusion. DOCK1 inhibition induced cell death, as did forskolin. DOCK1 and DOCK5 inhibition for 24 and 48 h increased the expression of the genes ASCT2 and SYNCYTIN2, which code responsive proteins of trophoblast cell fusion, respectively. CONCLUSION DOCK1 and DOCK5 inhibition participates in BeWo cell fusion, probably via pathways independent from forskolin-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Kiyokawa
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shoji
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
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22
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Mohammed AM, Huovinen M, Vähäkangas KH. Toxicity of diuron metabolites in human cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 78:103409. [PMID: 32416162 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diuron, a highly used herbicide worldwide, is metabolized into several toxic metabolites. DCA (3,4-dichloroaniline), DCPU [3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)urea] and DCPMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl urea] reduced viability of human placental choriocarcinoma BeWo, human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells as judged by the MTT assay, where color formation is dependent on functional mitochondria in viable cells. Based on the IC50 values in BeWo cells the order of cytotoxicity was DCA > DCPU > diuron > DCPMU, and in Caco-2 cells DCPMU > DCPU > DCA, diuron. In MCF-7 cells, only DCPU had an IC50 within the range of the concentrations used. In the PI-digitonin viability assay, only the highest concentration (200 μM) of DCPU caused a statistically significant decrease in viability in any cell line. There was no correlation between cytotoxicity and ROS production. This indicates that diuron metabolites are toxic in cells of human origin with mitochondria as the target, but ROS not the likely mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mustafa Mohammed
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, P.O.Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Marjo Huovinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, P.O.Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
| | - Kirsi H Vähäkangas
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, P.O.Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
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23
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Msheik H, El Hayek S, Bari MF, Azar J, Abou-Kheir W, Kobeissy F, Vatish M, Daoud G. Transcriptomic profiling of trophoblast fusion using BeWo and JEG-3 cell lines. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:811-824. [PMID: 31778538 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In human placenta, alteration in trophoblast differentiation has a major impact on placental maintenance and integrity. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control cytotrophoblast fusion. The BeWo cell line is used to study placental function, since it forms syncytium and secretes hormones after treatment with cAMP or forskolin. In contrast, the JEG-3 cell line fails to undergo substantial fusion. Therefore, BeWo and JEG-3 cells were used to identify a set of genes responsible for trophoblast fusion. Cells were treated with forskolin for 48 h to induce fusion. RNA was extracted, hybridised to Affymetrix HuGene ST1.0 arrays and analysed using system biology. Trophoblast differentiation was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis. Moreover, some of the identified genes were validated by real-time PCR and their functional capacity was demonstrated by western blot using phospho-specific antibodies and CRISPR/cas9 knockdown experiments. Our results identified a list of 32 altered genes in fused BeWo cells compared to JEG-3 cells after forskolin treatment. Among these genes, four were validated by RT-PCR, including salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) gene which is specifically upregulated in BeWo cells upon fusion and activated after 2 min with forskolin. Moreover, silencing of SIK1 completely abolished the fusion. Finally, SIK1 was shown to be at the center of many biological and functional processes, suggesting that it might play a role in trophoblast differentiation. In conclusion, this study identified new target genes implicated in trophoblast fusion. More studies are required to investigate the role of these genes in some placental pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Msheik
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - S El Hayek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Furqan Bari
- Department of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - J Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - W Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - F Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - M Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - G Daoud
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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24
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Leinster V, Phillips T, Jones N, Sanderson S, Simon K, Hanley J, Case C. Cortical cells are altered by factors including bone morphogenetic protein released from a placental barrier model under altered oxygenation. Neuronal Signal 2020; 4:NS20190148. [PMID: 32714599 PMCID: PMC7363303 DOI: 10.1042/ns20190148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodes of hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation during foetal development have been associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions presenting in later life. The mechanism for this is not understood; however, several authors have suggested that the placenta plays an important role. Previously we found both placentas from a maternal hypoxia model and pre-eclamptic placentas from patients release factors lead to a loss of dendrite complexity in rodent neurons. Here to further explore the nature and origin of these secretions we exposed a simple in vitro model of the placental barrier, consisting of a barrier of human cytotrophoblasts, to hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation. We then exposed cortical cultures from embryonic rat brains to the conditioned media (CM) from below these exposed barriers and examined changes in cell morphology, number, and receptor presentation. The barriers released factors that reduced dendrite and astrocyte process lengths, decreased GABAB1 staining, and increased astrocyte number. The changes in astrocytes required the presence of neurons and were prevented by inhibition of the SMAD pathway and by neutralising Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) 2/4. Barriers exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation also released factors that reduced dendrite lengths but increased GABAB1 staining. Both oxygen changes caused barriers to release factors that decreased GluN1, GABAAα1 staining and increased GluN3a staining. We find that hypoxia in particular will elicit the release of factors that increase astrocyte number and decrease process length as well as causing changes in the intensity of glutamate and GABA receptor staining. There is some evidence that BMPs are released and contribute to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Phillips
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Nicola Jones
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K
| | - Sharon Sanderson
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Katja Simon
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jon Hanley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Charles Patrick Case
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, U.K
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
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25
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Hasegawa N, Furugen A, Ono K, Koishikawa M, Miyazawa Y, Nishimura A, Umazume T, Narumi K, Kobayashi M, Iseki K. Cellular uptake properties of lamotrigine in human placental cell lines: Investigation of involvement of organic cation transporters (SLC22A1-5). Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:266-273. [PMID: 32303459 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lamotrigine (LTG) is an important antiepileptic drug for the treatment of seizures in pregnant women with epilepsy. However, it is not known if the transport of LTG into placental cells occurs via a carrier-mediated pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake properties of LTG into placental cell lines (BeWo and JEG-3), and to determine the involvement of organic cation transporters (OCTs, SLC22A1-3) and organic cation/carnitine transporter (OCTNs, SLC22A4-5) in the uptake process. The uptake of LTG at 37 °C was higher than that at 4 °C. OCT1 and OCTNs were detected in both cell lines. The uptake of LTG was not greatly affected by the extracellular pH, Na+-free conditions, or the presence of l-carnitine, suggesting that OCTNs were not involved. Although several potent inhibitors of OCTs (chloroquine, imipramine, quinidine, and verapamil) inhibited LTG uptake, other typical inhibitors had no effect. In addition, siRNA targeted to OCT1 had no significant effect on LTG uptake. The mRNA expression in human term placenta followed the order OCTN2 > OCT3 > OCTN1 > OCT1 ≈ OCT2. These observations suggested that LTG uptake into placental cells was carrier-mediated, but that OCTs and OCTNs were not responsible for the placental transport process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kanako Ono
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Mai Koishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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26
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Kim MJ, Kim CH, An MJ, Lee JH, Shin GS, Song M, Kim JW. Ethylparaben induces apoptotic cell death in human placenta BeWo cells via the Caspase-3 pathway. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:34-43. [PMID: 32158614 PMCID: PMC7048193 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1711804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parabens are generally used as preservatives in foods, pharmaceuticals, and various other commercial products. Among them, ethylparaben has weaker estrogenic characteristics than endogenous estrogen. However, growing evidence indicates that ethylparaben has an adverse effect on various human tissues. Here, we investigated whether ethylparaben induces cell death by affecting cell viability, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis using the human placenta cell line BeWo. Ethylparaben significantly decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. It caused cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 by reducing the expression of cyclin D1, whereas it decreased the cell proportion at the G0/G1 and S phases. Furthermore, we verified that ethylparaben induces apoptotic cell death by enhancing the activity of Caspase-3. Taken together, our results suggest that ethylparaben exerts cytotoxic effects in human placental BeWo cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jin An
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geun-Seup Shin
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Song
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Almada M, Alves P, Fonseca BM, Carvalho F, Queirós CR, Gaspar H, Amaral C, Teixeira NA, Correia-da-Silva G. Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018, JWH-122, UR-144 and the phytocannabinoid THC activate apoptosis in placental cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 319:129-137. [PMID: 31730886 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) in recreational settings is becoming a new paradigm of drug abuse. Although SCBs effects mimic those of the Cannabis sativa plant, these drugs are frequently more potent and hazardous. It is known that endocannabinoid signalling plays a crucial role in diverse reproductive events such as placental development. Moreover, the negative impact of the phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in pregnancy outcome, leading to prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight is well recognized, which makes women of childbearing age a sensitive group to developmental adverse effects of cannabinoids. Placental trophoblast turnover relies on regulated processes of proliferation and apoptosis for normal placental development. Here, we explored the impact of the SCBs JWH-018, JWH-122 and UR-144 and of the phytocannabinoid THC in BeWo cell line, a human placental cytotrophoblast cell model. All the cannabinoids caused a significant decrease in cell viability without LDH release, though this effect was only detected for the highest concentrations of THC. Moreover, a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was also observed. JWH-018 and JWH-122 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and THC, UR-144 and JWH-122 caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. All the compounds were able to induce caspase-9 activation. The involvement of apoptotic pathways was further confirmed through the significant increase in caspase -3/-7 activities. For UR-144, this effect was reversed by the CB1 antagonist AM281, for JWH-018 and THC this effect was mediated by both cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 while for JWH-122 it was cannabinoid receptor-independent. This work demonstrates that THC and SCBs are able to induce apoptotic cell death. Although they may act through different mechanisms and potencies, the studied cannabinoids have the potential to disrupt gestational fundamental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Almada
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Alves
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Fonseca
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio R Queirós
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia A Teixeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Zeng Q, Bai M, Li C, Lu S, Ma Z, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Jiang H, Sun D, Zheng C. Multiple Drug Transporters Contribute to the Placental Transfer of Emtricitabine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00199-19. [PMID: 31160284 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00199-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emtricitabine (FTC) is a first-line antiviral drug recommended for the treatment of AIDS during pregnancy. We hypothesized that transporters located in the placenta contribute to FTC transfer across the blood-placenta barrier. BeWo cells, cell models with stable or transient expression of transporter genes, primary human trophoblast cells (PHTCs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were applied to demonstrate which transporters were involved. FTC accumulation in BeWo cells was reduced markedly by inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs), concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs), organic cation transporters (OCTs), and organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1) and increased by inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs). ENT1, CNT1, OCTN1, MRP1/2/3, and BCRP, but not ENT2, CNT3, OCTN2, or multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), were found to transport FTC. FTC accumulation in PHTCs was decreased significantly by inhibitors of ENTs and OCTN1. These results suggest that ENT1, CNT1, and OCTN1 probably contribute to FTC uptake from maternal circulation to trophoblasts and that ENT1, CNT1, and MRP1 are likely involved in FTC transport between trophoblasts and fetal blood, whereas BCRP and MRP1/2/3 facilitate FTC transport from trophoblasts to maternal circulation. Coexistence of tenofovir or efavirenz with FTC in the cell medium did not influence FTC accumulation in BeWo cells or PHTCs.
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29
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Li S, Liu J, Kong F, Wang Y, Li N, Zou Y. lncRNA GHET1 has effects in development of pre-eclampsia. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12647-12652. [PMID: 30861585 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To explain long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1 (GHET1) affects the mechanism in development of pre-eclampsia. The pathological changes of normal, mild, and severe pre-eclampsia were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and measured the lncRNA GHET1 expression in different tissues by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the cell experiment, the BeWo cells were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, model group, and lncRNA group. The JEG3 cells of the model and lncRNA groups were cultured in the hypoxia condition. The JEG3 cells invasion and migration abilities were measured by Tanswell and wound-healing assays. The relative protein expressions of different groups were evaluated by Western blot (WB) assay. Compared with normal puerperal, the lncRNA GHET1 gene expression of pre-eclampsia was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05, respectively). In the cell experiment, the invasion cell number and wound-healing rate of the model group were significantly suppressed compared with the NC group (P < 0.05, respectively). However, the invasion cell number and wound-healing rate of lncRNA group were enhanced by lncRNA GHET1 overexpression (P < 0.05, respectively). In WB assay, the E-cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin proteins expression showed significant differences between the model and lncRNA groups (P < 0.05, respectively). lncRNA GHET1 overexpression had restored cell invasion and migration abilities reduced by hypoxia in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Li
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanqiang Kong
- Departments of Emergency, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Wang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Departments of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Zou
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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30
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Lye P, Bloise E, Nadeem L, Gibb W, Lye SJ, Matthews SG. Glucocorticoids modulate multidrug resistance transporters in the first trimester human placenta. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3652-3660. [PMID: 29691980 PMCID: PMC6010777 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental multidrug transporters, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp, encoded by ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP,ABCG2) protect the foetus from exposure to maternally derived glucocorticoids, toxins and xenobiotics. During pregnancy, maternal glucocorticoid levels can be elevated by stress or exogenous administration. We hypothesized that glucocorticoids modulate the expression of ABCB1/P‐gp and ABCG2/BCRP in the first trimester human placenta. Our objective was to examine whether dexamethasone (DEX) or cortisol modulate first trimester placental expression of multidrug transporters and determine whether cytotrophoblasts or the syncytiotrophoblast are/is responsible for mediating these effects. Three models were examined: (i) an ex‐vivo model of placental villous explants (7‐10 weeks), (ii) a model of isolated first trimester syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells and (iii) the BeWo immortalized trophoblast cell line model. These cells/tissues were treated with DEX or cortisol for 24 hour to 72 hour. In first trimester placental explants, DEX (48 hour) increased ABCB1 (P < .001) and ABCG2 (P < .05) mRNA levels, whereas cortisol (48 hour) only increased ABCB1 mRNA levels (P < .01). Dexamethasone (P < .05) and cortisol (P < .01) increased BCRP but did not affect P‐gp protein levels. Breast cancer resistance protein expression was primarily confined to syncytiotrophoblasts. BeWo cells, when syncytialized with forskolin, increased expression of BCRP protein, and this was further augmented by DEX (P < .05). Our data suggest that the protective barrier provided by BCRP increases as cytotrophoblasts fuse to form the syncytiotrophoblast. Increase in glucocorticoid levels during the first trimester may reduce embryo/foetal exposure to clinically relevant BCRP substrates, because of an increase in placental BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetcharawan Lye
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lubna Nadeem
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Gibb
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Juch H, Nikitina L, Reimann S, Gauster M, Dohr G, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Hoch D, Kornmueller K, Haag R. Dendritic polyglycerol nanoparticles show charge dependent bio-distribution in early human placental explants and reduce hCG secretion. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:90-103. [PMID: 29334310 PMCID: PMC5815307 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1425496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of nanoparticle bio-distribution at the feto-maternal interface will be a prerequisite for their diagnostic or therapeutic application in women of childbearing age and for teratologic risk assessment. Therefore, the tissue interaction of biocompatible dendritic polyglycerol nanoparticles (dPG-NPs) with first- trimester human placental explants were analyzed and compared to less sophisticated trophoblast-cell based models. First-trimester human placental explants, BeWo cells and primary trophoblast cells from human term placenta were exposed to fluorescence labeled, ∼5 nm dPG-NPs, with differently charged surfaces, at concentrations of 1 µM and 10 nM, for 6 and 24 h. Accumulation of dPGs was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. To assess the impact of dPG-NP on trophoblast integrity and endocrine function, LDH, and hCG releases were measured. A dose- and charge-dependent accumulation of dPG-NPs was observed at the early placental barrier and in cell lines, with positive dPG-NP-surface causing deposits even in the mesenchymal core of the placental villi. No signs of plasma membrane damage could be detected. After 24 h we observed a significant reduction of hCG secretion in placental explants, without significant changes in trophoblast apoptosis, at low concentrations of charged dPG-NPs. In conclusion, dPG-NP’s surface charge substantially influences their bio-distribution at the feto-maternal interface, with positive charge facilitating trans-trophoblast passage, and in contrast to more artificial models, the first-trimester placental explant culture model reveals potentially hazardous influences of charged dPG-NPs on early placental physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Juch
- a Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Liudmila Nikitina
- a Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Sabine Reimann
- b Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Organic Chemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Gauster
- a Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Gottfried Dohr
- a Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | | | - Denise Hoch
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Karin Kornmueller
- e Institute of Biophysics , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Rainer Haag
- b Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Organic Chemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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Cheng Y, Liu S, Lin R, Wang J, Peng T, Zhang Q, Cheng H. Plasma and amniotic fluid PPARγ is involved in the lipid metabolism of maternal-fetal interface cells. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:2656-2664. [PMID: 28720051 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1350641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was at detecting the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to investigate whether PPARγ regulates the lipid metabolism of maternal-fetal interface cells. METHODS We detected the expression of PPARγ in the maternal plasma, fetal plasma and amniotic fluid of two groups of women with GDM or normal pregnancy using ELISA and western blot. Establish the cell models of the indirect coculture model and the separate culture model using BeWo cells and endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Oil red O staining was used to detect the lipid uptake, and the mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS PPARγ is detectable in maternal plasma, fetal plasma and amniotic fluid. Levels of PPARγ in GDM maternal plasma were significant higher than other groups in vitro, with increasing PPARγ, the cytoplasmic lipid uptake levels of BeWo cells and ESCs were both increased in coculture conditions. GLUT1 and SCD mRNA rose significantly with increasing PPARγ in indirect coculture conditions, but both did not respond to PPARγ in ESC-absent culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS The extracellular concentration of PPARγ may be involved in the lipid transport of maternal-fetal interface cells and may play a role in the abnormal lipid metabolism of GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases , Shanghai , China
| | - Ru Lin
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jue Wang
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ting Peng
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Haidong Cheng
- a Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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Leroy C, Tobin KAR, Basak S, Cathrine Staff A, Duttaroy AK. Fatty acid-binding protein3 expression in BeWo cells, a human placental choriocarcinoma cell line. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 120:1-7. [PMID: 28515017 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular uptake of long chain fatty acids in human placental trophoblasts is thought to be mediated by several membrane- and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP). FABP3 was shown to be involved in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) uptake in human trophoblastic choriocarcinoma cells, BeWo as the uptake of arachidonic acid,20:4n-6 (ARA) was decreased in FABP3-knockdown BeWo cells. However, the regulation of expression of FABP3 in these cells is not yet well known. The aim of the present study was to examine the FABP3 expression by LCPUFAs, insulin and LXR agonists in BeWo cells. Among all these fatty acids tested, only ARA dose-dependently stimulated the expression of FABP3 protein in these cells after 24h incubation while other fatty acids had no such effect. In addition, LXR agonist and insulin dose-dependently increased FABP3 protein expression in these cells after 24h incubation. Insulin-stimulated FABP3 protein expression was accompanied with an increased arachidonic acid uptake. Differentiated BeWo cells had lesser expression of FABP3 protein than in the undifferentiated cells as the cellular differentiation state was measured by hCG production. In preeclamptic placental tissue, lowered expression of FABP3 protein was observed compared with those in normal pregnancy. All these data indicate that FABP3 may in be part involved in ARA uptake in these cells and its expression may be regulated by ARA, insulin, LXR and the state of cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Anne Risan Tobin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Molecular Biology Division, National Institute Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Dept. Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abou-Kheir W, Barrak J, Hadadeh O, Daoud G. HTR-8/SVneo cell line contains a mixed population of cells. Placenta 2016; 50:1-7. [PMID: 28161053 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The placenta, a transient organ in humans, is essential for pregnancy maintenance and fetal development. Trophoblast and stromal cells are the main cell types present in human placenta. Trophoblast cells are derivatives of the trophectoderm layer and fulfill the endocrine, exchange, invasion and implantation processes of the placenta, whereas stromal cells are of extraembryonic mesenchymal origin and are important for villous formation and maintenance. Different cell lines were developed to study trophoblast functions including BeWo, JEG-3 and JAR from chorioncarcinoma while HTR-8/SVneo was developed using first trimester extravillous trophoblast infected with simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40). These cell lines are largely used to study trophoblast functions including cell fusion, migration and invasion. Therefore, the purity of each cell lines is crucial in order to be able to use them as a model recapitulating trophoblast cells. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo, BeWo, JEG-3 and JAR were analyzed for epithelial and mesenchymal markers using immunofluorescence, real time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Our results showed that HTR-8/SVneo cell line contains two populations of cells suggesting the presence of trophoblast and stromal/mesenchymal cells. While all cells in BeWo, JEG-3 and Jar are positive for the trophoblast/epithelial marker CK7, HTR-8/SVneo cells contained few clusters of CK7 positive cells. Interestingly, vimentin expression was detected in a subset of HTR-8/SVneo cells and was completely absent from all other tested placental cell lines. DISCUSSION Our results unveil the presence of a heterogeneous population of trophoblast and stromal cells within HTR-8/SVneo cell line. This mixed population of cells should be taken into consideration when using this cell line to study trophoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joanna Barrak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ola Hadadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Daoud
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Hutter S, Morales-Prieto DM, Andergassen U, Tschakert L, Kuhn C, Hofmann S, Markert UR, Jeschke U. Gal-1 silenced trophoblast tumor cells ( BeWo) show decreased syncytium formation and different miRNA production compared to non-target silenced BeWo cells. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 10:28-38. [PMID: 26418280 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1089377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (gal-1), a member of the mammalian β-galactoside-binding proteins, exerts biological effects by recognition of glycan ligands, including those involved in cell adhesion and growth regulation. In previous studies, we demonstrated that gal-1 induces cell differentiation processes on the membrane of choriocarcinoma cells BeWo, including the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) REarranged during Transfection (RET), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3). Furthermore, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) and serine/threonine kinases were phosphorylated by gal-1. In addition, gal-1 in trophoblast cells in vitro induced syncytium formation especially after concentration dependent stimulation of the cells with this galectin. This is in contrast to MAPK-inhibitor U0126 that reduced syncytium formation of BeWo cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the syncytium formation abilities of BeWo cells that were gal-1 silenced. We found a significantly reduced syncytium formation rate in gal-1 silenced BeWo cells. In addition, these cells show a different miRNA expression profile. In summary, we found that gal-1 is a major trigger for fusion processes in BeWo cells. This function is accompanied by different regulation of miRNA synthesis in the BeWo cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hutter
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Andergassen
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Lisa Tschakert
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Simone Hofmann
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- b University Hospital Jena , Department of Obstetrics , Placenta Lab , Jena , Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
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Chen B, Zaveri PG, Longtine MS, Nelson DM. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) mediates pomegranate juice protection from apoptosis in hypoxic BeWo cells but not in primary human trophoblasts. Placenta 2015; 36:847-53. [PMID: 26028238 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) expression is increased in placentas of human pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction and in hypoxic cultured primary trophoblasts. We previously showed that elevated NDRG1 decreases trophoblast apoptosis induced by hypoxia. Separately, we found that pomegranate juice (PJ) decreases cell death induced by hypoxia in trophoblasts. Here, we test the hypothesis that PJ protects trophoblasts from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by modulating NDRG1 expression. METHODS Quantitative rtPCR was used to investigate the effects of PJ treatment on mRNA levels of 22 candidate genes involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and differentiation in trophoblasts. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze NDRG1 protein levels. siRNA-mediated NDRG1 knockdown was used to investigate the role of NDRG1 in response to PJ in hypoxic BeWo choriocarcinoma cells and hypoxic cultured primary human trophoblasts. RESULTS The mRNA levels of eight genes were altered, with NDRG1 showing the largest response to PJ and thus, we pursued the role of NDRG1 here. PJ significantly increased NDRG1 protein expression in primary trophoblasts and in BeWo cells. Knockdown of NDRG1 in hypoxic BeWo cells in the presence of PJ yielded increased apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of NDRG1 in hypoxic primary trophoblasts in the presence of PJ did not increase apoptosis. DISCUSSION We conclude that the PJ-mediated decrease in cell death in hypoxia is partially mediated by NDRG1 in BeWo cells but not in primary trophoblasts. The disparate effects of NDRG1 between BeWo cells and primary trophoblasts indicate caution is required when extrapolating from results obtained with cell lines to primary trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - P G Zaveri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M S Longtine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D M Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Zhao WX, Zhuang X, Huang TT, Feng R, Lin JH. Effects of Notch2 and Notch3 on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Trophoblast Cell Lines. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:867-74. [PMID: 26640406 PMCID: PMC4643077 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of two trophoblast cell lines, BeWo and JAR. METHODS Notch2 and Notch3 expression in BeWo and JAR cells was upregulated or downregulated using lentivirus-mediated overexpression or RNA interference. The effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on cell proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. The effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on the apoptosis of BeWo and JAR cells was evaluated by flow cytometry using the Annexin V-PE Apoptosis kit. Lentivirus-based overexpression vectors were constructed by cloning the full-length coding sequences of human Notch2 and Notch3 C-terminally tagged with GFP or GFP alone (control) into a lentivirus-based expression vector. Lentivirus-based gene silencing vectors were prepared by cloning small interfering sequences targeting human Notch2 and Notch3 and scrambled control RNA sequence into a lentivirus-based gene knockdown vector. The effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on cell proliferation was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. And the effect of Notch2 and Notch3 on the apoptosis of BeWo and JAR cells was evaluated by flow cytometry using the Annexin V PE Apoptosis kit. RESULTS We found that the downregulation of Notch2 and Notch3 gene expression in BeWo and JAR cells resulted in an increase in cell proliferation, while upregulation of Notch3 and Notch2 expression led to a decrease in cell proliferation. Moreover, the overexpression of Notch3 and Notch2 in BeWo and JAR cells reduced apoptosis in these trophoblast cell lines, whereas apoptosis was increased in the cells in which the expression of Notch3 and Notch2 was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Notch2 and Notch3 inhibited both cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in BeWo and JAR trophoblast cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Tao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xiao J, Wang Q, Bircsak KM, Wen X, Aleksunes LM. In Vitro Screening of Environmental Chemicals Identifies Zearalenone as a Novel Substrate of the Placental BCRP/ ABCG2 Transporter. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:695-706. [PMID: 26052432 DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCRP (ABCG2) transporter is responsible for the efflux of chemicals from the placenta to the maternal circulation. Inhibition of BCRP activity could enhance exposure of offspring to environmental chemicals leading to altered reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic development. The purpose of this study was to characterize environmental chemicals as potential substrates and inhibitors of the human placental BCRP transporter. The interaction of BCRP with a panel of environmental chemicals was assessed using the ATPase and inverted plasma membrane vesicle assays as well as a cell-based fluorescent substrate competition assay. Human HEK cells transfected with wild-type BCRP or the Q141K genetic variant, as well as BeWo placental cells that endogenously express BCRP were used to further test inhibitor and substrate interactions. To varying degrees, the eleven chemicals inhibited BCRP activity in activated ATPase membranes and inverted membrane vesicles. Further, genistein, zearalenone, and tributyltin increased the retention of the fluorescent BCRP substrate, Hoechst 33342, between 50-100% in BeWo cells. Additional experiments characterized the mycotoxin and environmental estrogen, zearalenone, as a novel substrate and inhibitor of BCRP in WT-BCRP and BeWo cells. Interestingly, the BCRP genetic variant Q141K exhibited reduced efflux of zearalenone compared to the wild-type protein. Taken together, screening assays and direct quantification experiments identified zearalenone as a novel human BCRP substrate. Additional in vivo studies are needed to directly determine whether placental BCRP prevents fetal exposure to zearalenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Xiao
- China Pharmaceutical University, Gulou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kristin M Bircsak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA ; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Kambe S, Yoshitake H, Yuge K, Ishida Y, Ali MM, Takizawa T, Kuwata T, Ohkuchi A, Matsubara S, Suzuki M, Takeshita T, Saito S, Takizawa T. Human exosomal placenta-associated miR-517a-3p modulates the expression of PRKG1 mRNA in Jurkat cells. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:129. [PMID: 25273530 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, human placenta-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from the miRNA cluster in human chromosome 19 are expressed in villous trophoblasts and secreted into maternal circulation via exosomes; however, little is known about whether circulating placenta-associated miRNAs are transferred into maternal immune cells via exosomes, and modulate expression of target genes in the recipient cells. We employed an in vitro model of trophoblast-immune cell communication using BeWo cells (a human trophoblast cell line) and Jurkat cells (a human leukemic T-cell line) and investigated whether BeWo exosomal placenta-associated miRNAs can suppress expression of target genes in the recipient Jurkat cells. Using this system, we identified PRKG1 as a target gene of placenta-associated miRNA miR-517a-3p. Moreover, we demonstrated that BeWo exosomal miR-517a-3p was internalized into Jurkat cells and subsequently suppressed the expression of PRKG1 in recipient Jurkat cells. Furthermore, using peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells in vivo, we confirmed that circulating miR-517a-3p was delivered into maternal NK cells as it was into Jurkat cells in vitro. Placenta-associated miR-517a-3p was incorporated into maternal NK cells in the third trimester, and it was rapidly cleared after delivery. Expression levels of miR-517a-3p and its target mRNA PRKG1 were inversely correlated in NK cells before and after delivery. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that exosome-mediated transfer of placenta-associated miRNAs and subsequent modulation of their target genes occur in maternal NK cells. The present study provides novel insight into our understanding of placenta-maternal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kambe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan Department of Reproductive Medicine, Perinatology and Gynecologic Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshitake
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yuge
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Md Moksed Ali
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takami Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takeshita
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Perinatology and Gynecologic Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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da Conceição AO, von Poser GL, Barbeau B, Lafond J. Hypericum caprifoliatum and Hypericum connatum affect human trophoblast-like cells differentiation and Ca(2+) influx. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:367-73. [PMID: 25182721 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of crude methanol and n-hexane extracts of Hypericum connatum (H. connatum) and Hypericum caprifoliatum on trophoblast-like cells. METHODS BeWo and JEG-3 trophoblast-like cells were submitted to different extract concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 15 µg/mL) and evaluated in relation to cell viability and in vitro trophoblast differentiation and function. Cell viability was evaluated using WST-1 reagent. Differentiation was measured by luciferase production, hCG production/release, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway activation. The function of the trophoblast-like cells was measured by (45)Ca(2+) influx evaluation. RESULTS The results showed a decrease in cell viability/proliferation. Both plants and different extracts induced a significant decrease in hCG production/release and luciferase production. H. connatum did not cause mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway disturbance; however, Hypericum caprifoliatum n-hexane extract at 15 µg/mL inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation. The significant increase in Ca(2+) influx by JEG-3 cells was seen after short and long incubation times with H. connatum methanolic extract at 15 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that these two Hypericum species extracts can interfere on trophoblast differentiation and Ca(2+) influx, according to their molecular diversity. Although in vivo experiments are necessary to establish their action on placental formation and function, this study suggests that attention must be paid to the potential toxic effect of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benoit Barbeau
- BioMed Research Center, University of Quebec - Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Lafond
- BioMed Research Center, University of Quebec - Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Maternal-Fetal Physiology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec - Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
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Abstract
Human trophoblast syncytialization, a process of cell-cell fusion, is one of the most important yet least understood events during placental development. Investigating the fusion process in a placenta in vivo is very challenging given the complexity of this process. Application of primary cultured cytotrophoblast cells isolated from term placentas and BeWo cells derived from human choriocarcinoma formulates a biphasic strategy to achieve the mechanism of trophoblast cell fusion, as the former can spontaneously fuse to form the multinucleated syncytium and the latter is capable of fusing under the treatment of forskolin (FSK). Live-cell imaging is a powerful tool that is widely used to investigate many physiological or pathological processes in various animal models or humans; however, to our knowledge, the mechanism of trophoblast cell fusion has not been reported using a live- cell imaging manner. In this study, a live-cell imaging system was used to delineate the fusion process of primary term cytotrophoblast cells and BeWo cells. By using live staining with Hoechst 33342 or cytoplasmic dyes or by stably transfecting enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and DsRed2-Nuc reporter plasmids, we observed finger-like protrusions on the cell membranes of fusion partners before fusion and the exchange of cytoplasmic contents during fusion. In summary, this study provides the first video recording of the process of trophoblast syncytialization. Furthermore, the various live-cell imaging systems used in this study will help to yield molecular insights into the syncytialization process during placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Li Dang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Feinshtein V, Erez O, Ben-Zvi Z, Eshkoli T, Sheizaf B, Sheiner E, Holcberg G. Cannabidiol enhances xenobiotic permeability through the human placental barrier by direct inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein: an ex vivo study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:573.e1-573.e15. [PMID: 23933222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drugs of abuse affect pregnancy outcomes, however, the mechanisms in which cannabis exerts its effects are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of short-term (1-2 hours) exposure to cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, on human placental breast cancer resistance protein function. STUDY DESIGN The in vitro effect of short-term exposure to cannabidoil on breast cancer resistance protein in BeWo and Jar cells (MCF7/P-gp cells were used for comparison) was tested with mitoxantrone uptake, and nicardipine was used as positive control. The ex vivo perfused cotyledon system was used for testing the effect of cannabidoil on glyburide transport across the placenta. Glyburide (200 ng/mL) was introduced to maternal and fetal compartments through a recirculating 2 hour perfusion, and its transplacental transport was tested with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) cannabidoil. RESULTS (1) Cannabidoil inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein-dependent mitoxantrone efflux was concentration dependent and of a noncell type specific nature (P < .0001); (2) In the cotyledon perfusion assay, the administration of cannabidoil to the maternal perfusion media increased the female/male ratio of glyburide concentrations (1.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 at 120 minutes of perfusion, P < .001). CONCLUSION (1) Placental breast cancer resistance protein function is inhibited following even a short-term exposure to cannabidoil; (2) the ex vivo perfusion assay emphasize this effect by increased placental penetration of glyburide to the fetal compartment; and (3) these findings suggest that marijuana consumption enhances placental barrier permeability to xenobiotics and could endanger the developing fetus. Thus, the safety of drugs that are breast cancer resistance protein substrates is questionable during cannabis consumption by pregnant women.
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Abstract
Transition from mononuclear villous cytotrophoblast into multinuclear syncytiotrophoblast in the human placenta is accompanied by changes in apoptosis-related proteins and an apparent increased resistance to induced apoptosis. We investigated the specific nature and timing of changes in Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and caspases 3 and 8 in forskolin-treated BeWo choriocarcinoma cells, a model for villous cytotrophoblast differentiation. BeWo cells were treated with forskolin or vehicle alone for up to 72 h and evaluated at 24 h intervals for syncytialization and quantitative expression specific apoptosis-related proteins and mRNAs. Syncytialization was quantified using fluorescent staining of intercellular membranes and enumeration of the percentage of nuclei in multinucleate cells, and differential localization of apoptosis-related proteins to multinuclear or mononuclear cells was determined by quantitative immunofluorescence. Forskolin treatment for up to 72 h resulted in 80% syncytialization, increased expression of Bcl-2 protein (P < 0.01) and mRNA (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased expression of protein and mRNA for Bax, p53, and caspases 3 and 8. Syncytialized cells expressed higher levels of Bcl-2 protein concurrent with increased resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Thus, syncytialization of BeWo cells was accompanied by altered transcription of apoptotic-related proteins characteristic of increased apoptosis resistance secondary to increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and diminish expression of pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Rong Wei
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.,SAIC-Frederick, Bethesda, USA
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - Neal S Rote
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
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