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Saadi Ali H, Yardım Y. Simultaneous estimation of total phenolic and alkaloid contents in the tea samples by utilizing the catechin and caffeine oxidation signals through the square-wave voltammetry technique. Food Chem 2024; 441:138262. [PMID: 38160520 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This work outlines the simultaneous estimation of the total phenolic and alkaloid contents in the tea samples by using catechin (C) and caffeine (CAF) oxidation signals at a non-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. Two irreversible oxidation peaks, about + 1.03 (for C) and + 1.45 V (for CAF) vs Ag/AgCl in acetate buffer solution at pH 4.7, were seen in the cyclic voltammetric profile of the binary mixtures of C and CAF. In optimal conditions and utilizing the square-wave mode, the BDD electrode allows for simultaneous quantification of C and CAF within the concentration ranges of 5.0-100.0 µg mL-1 (1.72 × 10-5 - 3.45 × 10-3 mol/L) and 1.0-50.0 µg mL-1 (5.15 × 10-6 - 2.57 × 10-4 mol/L) respectively. The corresponding detection limits are 1.22 µg mL-1 (4.21 × 10-6 mol/L) for C and 0.11 µg mL-1 (5.66 × 10-7 mol/L) for CAF. Other phenolic compounds (like tannic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate) and other alkaloids (theophylline and theobromine) present in tea samples were examined for selectivity assessment. Ultimately, the applicability of the proposed approach was demonstrated by estimating the total phenolic and alkaloid contents in the black and green tea samples, expressed as C and CAF equivalents. The results obtained were contrasted against those acquired using UV-Vis spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoshyar Saadi Ali
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 65080 Van, Turkey; Knowledge University, College of Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kirkuk Road, 44001, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yavuz Yardım
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 65080 Van, Turkey.
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2
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Yoon N, Jung Y, Kim G, Kwon J, Yang H. Low-interference and sensitive electrochemical detection of glucose and lactate using boron-doped diamond electrode and electron mediator menadione. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:853-861. [PMID: 38246930 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
To minimize background interference in electrochemical enzymatic biosensors employing electron mediators, it is essential for the electrochemical oxidation of electroactive interfering species (ISs), such as ascorbic acid (AA), to proceed slowly, and for the redox reactions between electron mediators and ISs to occur at a low rate. In this study, we introduce a novel combination of a working electrode and an electron mediator that effectively mitigates interference effects. Compared to commonly used electrodes such as Au, glassy carbon, and indium tin oxide (ITO), boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes demonstrate significantly lower anodic current (i.e., lower background levels) in the presence of AA. Additionally, menadione (MD) exhibits notably slower reactivity with AA compared to other electron mediators such as Ru(NH3)63+, 4-amino-1-naphthol, and 1,4-naphthoquinone, primarily due to the lower formal potential of MD compared to AA. This synergistic combination of BDD electrode and MD is effectively applied in three biosensors: (i) glucose detection using electrochemical-enzymatic (EN) redox cycling, (ii) glucose detection using electrochemical-enzymatic-enzymatic (ENN) redox cycling, and (iii) lactate detection using ENN redox cycling. Our developed approach significantly outperforms the combination of ITO electrode and MD in minimizing IS interference. Glucose in artificial serum can be detected with detection limits of ~ 20 μM and ~ 3 μM in EN and ENN redox cycling, respectively. Furthermore, lactate in human serum can be detected with a detection limit of ~ 30 μM. This study demonstrates sensitive glucose and lactate detection with minimal interference, eliminating the need for (bio)chemical agents to remove interfering species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakyeong Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Youngjin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Gyeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Jungwook Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea.
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3
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Sun M, Liu X, Liu Z. Effective oxidation decomplexation of Cu-EDTA and Cu 2+ electrodeposition from PCB manufacturing wastewater by persulfate-based electrochemical oxidation: Performance and mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:30072-30084. [PMID: 38594564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Complex wastewater matrices such as printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing wastewater present a major environmental concern. In this work, simultaneous decomplexation of metal complex Cu-EDTA and reduction/electrodeposition of Cu2+ was conducted in a persulfate-based electrochemical oxidation system. Oxidizing/reductive species were simultaneously produced in this system, which realized 99.8% of Cu-EDTA decomplexation, 94.5% of Cu2+ reduction/electrodeposition under the conditions of original solution pH = 3.2, electrode distance = 3 cm, [Na2S2O8]0 = 5 mM, current density = 12 mA/cm2, and reaction time = 180 min. The total treatment cost is as low as 0.80 USD/mol Cu-EDTA. Effective mineralization (74.1% total organic carbon removal) of the solution was obtained after 3 h of treatment. •OH and SO4•- drove the Cu-EDTA decomplexation, destroying the chelating sites and finally it was effectively mineralized to CO2, H2O and Cu2+. The mechanisms of copper electrodeposition on the stainless steel cathode and persulfate activation by the BDD anode were proposed based on the electrochemical measurements. The electrodes exhibited excellent reusability and low metal (total iron and Ni2+) leaching during 20 cycles of application. This study provide an effective and sustainable method for the application of the electro-persulfate process in treating complex wastewater matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China JiaoTong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Research and Planning, Nanchang, 330039, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China JiaoTong University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Zhanmeng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
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4
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L Santos JE, D Gondim A, Vieira Dos Santos E, Martínez-Huitle CA. Innovative and efficient electroanalytical approach for determining persulfate in aqueous solutions using a gold electrode. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140263. [PMID: 37748657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PDS), peroxodisulfate, peroxydisulfate, peroxodisulfuric acid, is an oxidant that can be generated by direct oxidation of sulfate ions or indirectly via reaction with hydroxyl radicals in anodes with high oxygen overpotential. Quantitative methods for determining/quantifying PDS in the presence of other strong oxidants or other anions in eco-friendly applications do not give reliable results because of these interferents. Therefore, an additional method is needed to improve the efficacy to determine/quantify the PDS concentration in oxidative environments. In this frame, an alternative sensing approach was developed based on the electroreduction of PDS in the polycrystalline gold electrode using the square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique for its detection and quantification. Then, the procedure was evaluated in terms of its effectiveness for determining PDS in complex matrices, such as in the electrolysis of sulfate ion precursor solutions using anodes with high oxygen overpotential (e.g.: diamond electrode) capable of generating other strong oxidants. Based on the results obtained, it was confirmed that only the direct electron transfer step is attained when PDS is electrochemically synthetized at the surface of the polycrystalline gold electrode, contributing to its detection and quantification by SWV. It was also observed that at acidic conditions, the PDS electroreduction process is controlled by mass transfer while that the sensitivity for PDS detection is improved, achieving detection limits of about 14 and 19 μM for perchloric and sulfuric acids medium, respectively. When the electrolysis of sulfate-based solution at acidic conditions was performed to determine the electrochemical production of PDS by SWV approach with Au sensor, the concentration of PDS was effectively determined and no interferences were assessed by other strong oxidants generated during the electrolysis. Conversely, the spectrophotometric method showed that, the results of the PDS concentration were overestimated and other strong oxidants significantly interfere with its determination during the electrolysis of sulfuric acid solutions. Therefore, the electroanalytical method presented here is a suitable alternative for determining PDS during the applicability of the environmental-electrochemical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eudes L Santos
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Mi-cropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda D Gondim
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Elisama Vieira Dos Santos
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Mi-cropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Renewable Energies and Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Mi-cropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Brycht M, Skrzypek S, Mirceski V. Improved procedure for square-wave voltammetric sensing of fenhexamid residues on blueberries peel surface at the anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1249:340936. [PMID: 36868771 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungicide fenhexamid (FH) has a high residual concentration on fruits and vegetables, thus, it is of high importance to monitor the level of FH residues on foodstuff samples. So far, the assay of FH residues in selected foodstuff samples has been conducted by electroanalytical methods on sp2 carbon-based electrodes that are well-known to be susceptible to severe fouling of the electrodes surfaces during electrochemical measurements. As an alternative, sp3 carbon-based electrode such as boron-doped diamond (BDD) can be used in the analysis of FH residues retained on the peel surface of foodstuff (blueberries) sample. RESULTS In situ anodic pretreatment of the BDDE surface was found to be the most successful strategy to remediate the passivated BDDE surface by FH oxidation (by)products, and the best validation parameters, i.e., the widest linear range (3.0-100.0 μmol L-1), the highest sensitivity (0.0265 μA L μmol-1) and the lowest limit of detection (0.821 μmol L-1), were achieved on the anodically pretreated BDDE (APT-BDDE) in a Britton-Robinson buffer, pH 2.0, using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The assay of FH residues retained on blueberries peel surface was performed on the APT-BDDE using SWV, and the obtained concentration of FH residues of 6.152 μmol L-1 (1.859 mg kg-1) was found to be below the maximum residue value fixed for blueberries by the European Union regulations (20 mg kg-1). SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY In this work, a protocol based on a very easy and fast foodstuff sample preparation procedure combined with the straightforward pretreatment approach of the BDDE surface was elaborated for the first time for the monitoring of the level of FH residues retained on the peel surface of blueberries samples. The presented reliable, cost-effective, and easy-to-use protocol could find its application as a rapid screening method for the control of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Brycht
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Valentin Mirceski
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland; Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Chemistry, Arhimedova 5, P.O. Box 162, 1001, Skopje, Macedonia; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Center for Environment and Materials, Boulevard Krste Misirkov 2, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia
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Dakošová O, Melníková E, Naumowicz M, Kolivoška V, Vaněčková E, Navrátil T, Labuda J, Veteška P, Gál M. Direct electrochemical determination of environmentally harmful pharmaceutical ciprofloxacin in 3D printed flow-through cell. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137517. [PMID: 36495982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rising amounts of antibiotic residues in wastewater cause serious problems including increased bacterial resistance. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not, in the case of new, modern pharmaceuticals, ensure their complete removal. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is one of many micropollutants that partially pass through WWTPs, implying that its monitoring is essential for the assessment of the water quality. In real sewage systems, the determination of CIP needs to be performed under flowing conditions, which calls for the deployment of inexpensive, robust, and easily integrable approaches such as electrochemical techniques. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the electrochemical determination of CIP in a flowing matrix. To bridge this gap, we perform here cyclic and square-wave voltammetric sensing study of CIP employing boron-doped diamond screen printed electrodes in a custom-made 3D printed flow-through cell to mimic conditions in real sewage systems. An irreversible two-step oxidation of CIP is demonstrated, with the first step providing clear Faradaic response as analytically relevant signal. This response was found to scale with the sample flow rate according to the prediction given by Levich equation. Our work provides an in-depth inspection of the electrochemical response of CIP under controlled-convection conditions, which is an essential prerequisite for monitoring this antibiotic in real flowing sewage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia Dakošová
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 821 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Melníková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 821 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Labuda
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 821 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Veteška
- Department of Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 821 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 821 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Ren H, Bi Y, Liu F, Zhang C, Wei N, Fan L, Zhou R. Removal of ofloxacin from wastewater by chloride electrolyte electro-oxidation: Analysis of the role of active chlorine and operating costs. Sci Total Environ 2022; 850:157963. [PMID: 35952871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electro-oxidation (EO) has received increasing attention as an efficient and green method for removing pollutants from wastewater. Chloride anions (Cl-), which commonly exist in wastewater, can act as an electrolyte for the EO process. However, the role of reactive chlorine species (RCS) generated near electrodes is often underestimated. In this study, we generated hydroxyl radicals (OH) and RCS in a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode system and investigated its degradation mechanism for ofloxacin (OFX) removal. The findings suggested that OFX degradation was dominated by OH existing near the anode in solution, with RCS playing a supporting role. Based on the produced intermediates, we proposed an OFX decomposition pathway. The biological toxicities of the intermediates were evaluated through the ECOSAR and T.E.S.T. procedure. Nearly half of the intermediates are less toxic than the parent compound. After optimizing the operating parameters by the response surface methodology, 20 mg/L OFX was almost completely degraded after 10 min of reaction in 1.45 g/L NaCl with a current density (j) of 18 mA/cm2, and the total organic carbon was decreased by 30.55 %. The energy consumption and current efficiency were 0.648 kW·h/gTOC and 8.65 %, respectively. Comparing the operating costs of the proposed and other EO methods, our method emerged as a viable new treatment scheme for similar polluted wastewaters. This study aims to comprehensively understand the potential application value of BDD electrodes in the treatment of Cl- containing organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuhang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Nan Wei
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lujian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Ministry of Education), College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Li X, Fan S, Jin C, Gao M, Zhao Y, Guo L, Ji J, She Z. Electrochemical degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride in sulfate solutions on boron-doped diamond electrode: The accumulation and transformation of persulfate. Chemosphere 2022; 305:135448. [PMID: 35764112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel electrifying mode (divided power-on and power-off stage) was applied in the system of BDD activate sulfate to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The BDD electrode could activate sulfate and H2O to generate sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to remove TCH, and SO4•- could dimerize to form S2O82-. Then, the S2O82- was activated by heat and quinones to generate SO4•- for the continuous degradation of TCH during the power-off stage. In addition, the intermittent time has a significant effect on the degradation of TCH. Factors, affecting the accumulation of S2O82-, were analyzed using a full factorial design, and the accumulation of S2O82- could reach 16.2 mM in 120 min. The results of electron spin resonance and radical quenching test showed that SO4•-, •OH, direct electron transfer (DET), and non-radical in the system could effectively degrade TCH, and SO4•- was dominated. The intermediate products of TCH were analyzed by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the TCH mainly underwent hydroxylation, demethylation and ring opening reactions to form small molecules, and finally mineralized. The results of the feasibility analysis revealed that some intermediates have high toxicity, but the system could improve the toxicity. The results of energy consumption indicated that the intermittent electrifying mode could make full use of the persulfate generated during the power-on stage and reduce about 30% energy consumption. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that it was economically feasible to degrade TCH in wastewater by activating sulfate with BDD electrodes with an intermittent electrifying mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shasha Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Choudhury MR, Rajagopal R, Meertens W, Rahaman MS. Nitrogen and organic load removal from anaerobically digested leachate using a hybrid electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation process. J Environ Manage 2022; 311:114761. [PMID: 35276557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of an integrated electrochemical process, which simultaneously utilizes electro-oxidation (EO) and electro-coagulation (EC) methods while removing organic and nitrogen loads from high-strength leachate obtained from anaerobic digesters. A bipolar arrangement of the aluminum electrode, sandwiched between a monopolar boron-doped diamond anode and stainless-steel cathode, integrates EC and EO into a single reactor. This arrangement demonstrated an enhancement of 33%, 27%, and 24% in removal capacity for ammonia nitrogen (AN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen, respectively, when compared to just EO at 0.8 A current intensity after 24 h. Increasing the current intensity from 0.4 A to 1.0 A enhanced the organic nitrogen and AN removal. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) exhibited initial faster removal kinetics with higher current intensities and eventually reached 95%-98% removal for intensities of 0.6 A or higher. Additional removal for AN, TKN were also observed with increasing current intensity. Lowering the pH further expedited the COD removal kinetics. Reducing and maintaining the pH at 4, 6, and 8 by dosing of hydrochloric acid (HCl) resulted in the 100% removal of AN and TKN from the integrated system in 6, 8, and 20 h, respectively. Accelerated removal of COD and the enhanced removal of AN and TKN through pH control could be linked to the formation of active chlorine species in bulk solution. The integrated system offered lower energy consumption than EO due to oxidation on the additional anodic surface of the bipolar electrode, as well as the adsorption-precipitation of contaminants in aluminum flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbuboor Rahman Choudhury
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Ave, The Bronx, NY, 10463, United States
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Wesley Meertens
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahaman
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, H3C 3A7, QC, Canada.
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10
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Gonçalves DA, Carmo JS, Zanon LTS, Marangoni BS, Cena C, Camara GA, Donati GL, Trindade MAG. Simultaneous quantification of seven multi-class organic molecules by single-shot dilution differential pulse voltammetric calibration. Talanta 2022; 237:122975. [PMID: 34736697 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of water sources by anthropogenic activities is a topic of growing interest in the scientific community. Therefore, robust analytical techniques for the determination and quantification of multiple substances are needed, which often require complex and time-consuming procedures. In this context, we describe a univariate calibration method to determine emerging multi-class contaminants in different water sources. The instrumental setup is composed of a lab-made glass electrochemical cell with three electrodes: Pt counter, Ag/AgCl reference, and BDD working electrodes. With this system, we were able to simultaneously quantify tert-butylhydroquinone, acetaminophen, estrone, sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, caffeine, and ibuprofen by differential pulse voltammetry. Only two calibration solutions are required for the Single-shot Dilution Differential Pulse Voltammetric Calibration (SSD-DP-VC) method described here, which can significantly improve sample throughput. Two robust univariate calibration strategies were also applied and compared with SSD-DP-VC. The new method is simple, fast, and comparable with traditional calibration methods, showing similar precision and accuracy for all determinations evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica S Carmo
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Layne Taynara S Zanon
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Marangoni
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Brazil
| | - Cícero Cena
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe A Camara
- Institute of Chemistry/UFMS, Box 549, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - George L Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Magno A G Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Unesp, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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11
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Talay Pinar P, Yardim Y, Şentürk Z. Square-wave voltammetric sensing of Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) based on the enhancement effect of cationic surfactant on anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Acta Chim Slov 2021; 68:1027-1032. [PMID: 34918750 DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2020.6617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this reported work, an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was used for the inexpensive, simple and quick detection of a natural dye, lawsone. Lawsone had a well-defined, irreversible and diffusion-controlled oxidation peak at approximately +0.19 V in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 0.1 M, pH 2.5) using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The oxidation peak heights of lawsone were significantly increased in PBS using the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Under optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.1-5.0 μM with detection limit of 0.029 μM in 0.1 M PBS (pH 2.5) containing 0.1 mM CTAB by using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). To evaluate the practical applicability of the BDD electrode, it was used for the quantification of lawsone in commercial henna, a natural dye made from the leaves of the henna plant.
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12
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Long Y, Li H, Jin H, Ni J. Interpretation of high perchlorate generated during electrochemical disinfection in presence of chloride at BDD anodes. Chemosphere 2021; 284:131418. [PMID: 34323797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a disinfection by-product (DBP) of serious health concern. Herein, the long sought mechanism of high perchlorate production during electrochemical disinfection at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode in the presence of chloride was elucidated. The generated perchlorate at BDD during electrochemical disinfection (in 10 mM NaCl) in 60 min reached 0.125 mM, which was 830 times higher than the EPA standard. In contrast, perchlorate at PbO2 and SnO2 anodes was below the detection limit. Further experiments employing NaClO3 revealed that the conversion ratio from ClO3- to ClO4- in 10 h at BDD (98%) was considerably higher than PbO2 (13%) and SnO2 (12%). Such significant difference among anodes was fully interpreted with a two-step mechanism. The first step is essential to produce ·ClO3 by oxidizing ClO3- at electrodes. Otherwise, the conversion to perchlorate would be impossible even with excessive ·OH, which was verified with the photocatalysis process. The second step is the perchlorate generation with radical reaction between ·ClO3 and ·OH, where the primary role of ·OH was substantiated by scavenging test. Interestingly, the capability of perchlorate production was correlated with free ·OH instead of the total amount of ·OH. Despite the similar abilities of electron transfer between anodes and ClO3-, much higher free ·OH exists at BDD anode than at PbO2 and SnO2 anodes through chronoamperometry experiments and work function characterization, which reasonably provides interpretation of high perchlorate production at BDD anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Long
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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13
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Calzadilla W, Espinoza LC, Diaz-Cruz MS, Sunyer A, Aranda M, Peña-Farfal C, Salazar R. Simultaneous degradation of 30 pharmaceuticals by anodic oxidation: Main intermediaries and by-products. Chemosphere 2021; 269:128753. [PMID: 33131737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The anodic oxidation (AO) of 30 pharmaceuticals including antibiotics, hormones, antihistaminics, anti-inflammatories, antidepressants, antihypertensives, and antiulcer agents, in solutions containing different supporting electrolytes media (0.05 M Na2SO4, 0.05 M NaCl, and 0.05 M Na2SO4 + 0.05 M NaCl) at natural pH was studied. A boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode and a stainless-steel electrode were used as anode and cathode, respectively, and three current densities of 6, 20, and 40 mA cm-2 were applied. The results showed high mineralization rates, above 85%, in all the tested electrolytic media. 25 intermediaries produced during the electrooxidation were identified, depending on the supporting electrolyte together with the formation of carboxylic acids, NO3-, SO42- and NH4+ ions. The formation of intermediates in chloride medium produced an increase in absorbance. Finally, a real secondary effluent spiked with the 30 pharmaceuticals was treated by AO applying 6 mA cm-2 at natural pH and without addition of supporting electrolyte, reaching c.a. 90% mineralization after 300 min, with an energy consumption of 18.95 kW h m-3 equivalent to 2.90 USD m-3. A degradation scheme for the mixture of emerging contaminants in both electrolytic media is proposed. Thus, the application of anodic oxidation generates a high concentration of hydroxyl radicals that favors the mineralization of the pharmaceuticals present in the spiked secondary effluent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Calzadilla
- Laboratory of Advanced Research on Foods and Drugs, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - L Carolina Espinoza
- Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry (LEQMA), Department of Chemical of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Sunyer
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratory of Research on Foods and Drugs, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Chile
| | - Carlos Peña-Farfal
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE CHILE, Av Alemania 01090, 4810101, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry (LEQMA), Department of Chemical of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Bakheet B, Prodanovic V, Deletic A, McCarthy D. Effective treatment of greywater via green wall biofiltration and electrochemical disinfection. Water Res 2020; 185:116228. [PMID: 32736285 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low energy and cost solutions are needed to combat raising water needs in urbanised areas and produce high quality recycled water. In this study, we investigated key processes that drive a unique greywater treatment train consisting of a passive green wall biofiltration system followed by disinfection using a Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). In both systems, the treatment was performed without any additional chemicals and pollutants of concern were monitored for process evaluation. The green wall system removed over 90% of turbidity, apparent colour, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and biological oxygen demand, and 1 log of E. coli and total coliforms, mostly through biological processes. The green wall effluent met several proposed greywater reuse guidelines, except for E. coli and total coliform treatment (below 10 MPN/100 mL). Further disinfection of treated greywater (contained 28 mg/L Cl¯ and electrical conductivity (EC) of 181.3 µS/cm) by electrolysis at current density 25 mA/cm2 inactivated over 3.5 logs of both E. coli and total coliforms, in 10 - 15 min of electrolysis, resulting in recycled water with less than 2 MPN/100 mL. A synergistic effect between electrochemically-generated free chlorines and reactive oxygen species contributed to the inactivation process. Although the treated water contained diluted chloride and had low EC, estimated energy consumption was just 0.63 - 0.83 kWh/m3. This is the first study to show the effectiveness of a low energy and a low cost greywater treatment train that combines green urban infrastructure with BDD electrochemical treatment process with SPE, offering a reliable and an environmentally-friendly method for greywater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Bakheet
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Veljko Prodanovic
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ana Deletic
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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15
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Allahverdiyeva S, Yardım Y, Şentürk Z. Electrooxidation of tetracycline antibiotic demeclocycline at unmodified boron-doped diamond electrode and its enhancement determination in surfactant-containing media. Talanta 2021; 223:121695. [PMID: 33303147 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, the study of voltammetric determination of tetracycline antibiotic demeclocycline was conducted. The oxidation of compound was investigated using a commercially available boron-doped diamond electrode pretreated electrochemically (anodic and subsequent cathodic). Addition of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to the demeclocycline-containing electrolyte solution at pH 2.0 and 9.0, respectively, was found to improve the sensitivity of the stripping voltammetric measurements. Employing square-wave stripping mode (after 30 s accumulation at open-circuit condition) in Britton-Robinson buffer, the limits of detection were found to be 1.17 μg mL-1 (2.3 × 10-6 M) for 4 × 10-4 SDS-containing buffer solution at pH 2, and 0.24 μg mL-1 (4.8 × 10-7 M) for 1 × 10-4 CTAB-containing buffer solution at pH 9.0. The feasibility of the developed approach for the quantification of demeclocycline was tested in urine samples.
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16
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Rajan TS, Read TL, Abdalla A, Patel BA, Macpherson JV. Ex Vivo Electrochemical pH Mapping of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Absence and Presence of Pharmacological Agents. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2858-2865. [PMID: 32633120 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo pH profiling of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (of a mouse), using an electrochemical pH probe, in both the absence and presence of pharmacological agents aimed at altering acid/bicarbonate production, is reported. Three pH electrodes were first assessed for suitability using a GI tract biological mimic buffer solution containing 0.5% mucin. These include a traditional glass pH probe, an iridium oxide (IrOx)-coated electrode (both operated potentiometrically), and a quinone (Q) surface-integrated boron-doped diamond (BDD-Q) electrode (voltammetric). In mucin, the time scale for both IrOx and glass to provide a representative pH reading was in the ∼100's of s, most likely due to mucin adsorption, in contrast to 6 s with the BDD-Q electrode. Both the glass and IrOx pH electrodes were also compromised on robustness due to fragility and delamination (IrOx) issues; contact with the GI tissue was an experimental requirement. BDD-Q was deemed the most appropriate. Ten measurements were made along the GI tract, esophagus (1), stomach (5), and duodenum (4). Under buffer only conditions, the BDD-Q probe tracked the pH from neutral in the esophagus to acidic in the stomach and rising to more alkaline in the duodenum. In the presence of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, the body regions of the stomach exhibited elevated pH levels. Under melatonin treatment (a bicarbonate agonist and acid inhibitor), both the body of the stomach and the duodenum showed elevated pH levels. This study demonstrates the versatility of the BDD-Q pH electrode for real-time ex vivo biological tissue measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena S. Rajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Diamond Science and Technology CDT, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Tania L. Read
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Aya Abdalla
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K
| | - Bhavik A. Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, U.K
| | - Julie V. Macpherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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17
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Chao HR, Que DE, Aquino AC, Gou YY, Tayo LL, Lin YH, Tsai MH, Hsu FL, Lu IC, Lin SL, Srikhao N, Shy CG, Huang KL. Toxicity assessment of electrochemical advanced oxidation process-treated groundwater from a gas station with petrochemical contamination. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:473. [PMID: 32607767 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is known for its efficient and fast degradation of organic pollutants in polluted water treatment. In this study, the EAOP using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was applied to treat two-season groundwater samples collected from four sampling wells (GS1 to GS4) with petrochemical contaminants including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, total organic compounds (TOC), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at a gas station in southern Taiwan. Moreover, toxicity tests (ATP, p53, and NF-κB bioassays) were performed to evaluate the biological responses of raw and EAOP-treated groundwater. Results show that the concentrations of chlorobenzene before and after EAOP treatment were all below its method detection limit. High degradation efficiencies were observed for MTBE (100%), benzene (100%), toluene (100%, except that of GS2 in the first season), TPH (94-97%, except that of GS4 in the first season), and TOC (85-99%). Cell viability for both the raw groundwater (81.2 ± 13.5%) and EAOP-treated samples (84.7 ± 11.7%) as detected using the ATP bioassay showed no significant difference (p = 0.715). A mean reduction in the DNA damage (739 to 165 ng DOX-equivalency L-1 (ng DOX-EQ. L-1)) and inflammatory response levels (460 to 157 ng TNFα-equivalency L-1 (ng TNFα-EQ. L-1)) were observed for EAOP-treated samples subjected to p53 and NF-κB bioassays. Overall, the significances of the average degradation efficiency, DNA damage, and inflammatory response before and after groundwater with EAOP treatment was observed to be significant (p < 0.05). p53 and NF-κB bioassays might be applied to assess ecotoxic risk in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- How-Ran Chao
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan.
- Institute of Food Safety Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan.
| | - Danielle E Que
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Alisha C Aquino
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Muralla St., Intramuros, 1002, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yan-You Gou
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Muralla St., Intramuros, 1002, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Child Care, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Lin Hsu
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lun Lin
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 83347, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Natwat Srikhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Cherng-Gueih Shy
- Department of Radiology, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung City, Pingtung, 900, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lin Huang
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County, 912, Taiwan.
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18
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Hayes PE, Luong JHT, Gilchrist ES, Buzid A, Glennon JD. Profiling of phenolic flavorings using core-shell reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection at a boron-doped diamond electrode. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460649. [PMID: 31708221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method equipped with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was established for the simultaneous determination of phenol, 4-ethylphenol (4-EP), guaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG), 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG), eugenol, and o-, m- and p-cresol. The separation was performed on a reversed-phase HALO C18 core-shell column (3.0 × 50 mm, 2.7 µm) with a mobile phase comprising 10 mM formate, pH 3, and 15% acetonitrile (ACN) (v/v), a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, corresponding to a total run time of 9 min. The electrochemical detection (ECD) was set at +1.5 V vs. Pd/H2 in oxidative mode. Under optimized operating conditions, good linearity was obtained for the nine phenolics with corresponding coefficients of determination (R2) above 0.998. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) were 10 nM-1 µM, with an 80-fold increase in sensitivity for guaiacol achieved with ECD over ultraviolet (UV) detection. The sensitive and selective HPLC-ECD method was successfully applied for the identification and quantification of the nine phenolics in Islay, Irish, Scotch, and Highland whiskey samples, with significantly higher concentrations of the flavorings determined in Islay whiskey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis E Hayes
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC) Ireland, School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - John H T Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC) Ireland, School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth S Gilchrist
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC) Ireland, School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alyah Buzid
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC) Ireland, School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Jeremy D Glennon
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC) Ireland, School of Chemistry and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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19
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Mackuľak T, Grabic R, Špalková V, Belišová N, Škulcová A, Slavík O, Horký P, Gál M, Filip J, Híveš J, Vojs M, Staňová AV, Medveďová A, Marton M, Birošová L. Hospital wastewaters treatment: Fenton reaction vs. BDDE vs. ferrate(VI). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:31812-31821. [PMID: 31487008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Various types of micropollutants, e.g., pharmaceuticals and their metabolites and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms, are usually found in hospital wastewaters. The aim of this paper was to study the presence of 74 frequently used pharmaceuticals, legal and illegal drugs, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 5 hospital wastewaters in Slovakia and Czechia and to compare the efficiency of several advanced oxidations processes (AOPs) for sanitation and treatment of such highly polluted wastewaters. The occurrence of micropollutants and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was investigated by in-line SPE-LC-MS/MS technique and cultivation on antibiotic and antibiotic-free selective diagnostic media, respectively. The highest maximum concentrations were found for cotinine (6700 ng/L), bisoprolol (5200 ng/L), metoprolol (2600 ng/L), tramadol (2400 ng/L), sulfamethoxazole (1500 ng/L), and ranitidine (1400 ng/L). In the second part of the study, different advanced oxidation processes, modified Fenton reaction, ferrate(VI), and oxidation by boron-doped diamond electrode were tested in order to eliminate the abovementioned pollutants. Obtained results indicate that the modified Fenton reaction and application of boron-doped diamond electrode were able to eliminate almost the whole spectrum of selected micropollutants with efficiency higher than 90%. All studied methods achieved complete removal of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in hospital wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Mackuľak
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Grabic
- South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 01, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Špalková
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Noemi Belišová
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Škulcová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, CZ-165 00, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ondřej Slavík
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, CZ-165 00, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, CZ-165 00, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Híveš
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Vojs
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, SK-812 19, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alžbeta Medveďová
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Marton
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, SK-812 19, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Birošová
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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20
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Cano A, Durán U, Barrios JA. Solubilization of organic matter by electrochemical treatment of sludge: Influence of operating conditions. J Environ Manage 2019; 236:317-322. [PMID: 30738302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sludge generated after wastewater treatment represents an important challenge due to the large amounts produced and the need to adequately treat it. Anaerobic digestion is the preferred treatment process to obtain renewable energy as well as a biosolid with the potential to be reused in land application. This process generates biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) that may be used for energy co-generation. However, anaerobic digestion is limited by the hydrolysis step since bacteria need to break down organic matter and large molecules to allow conversion into biogas. In this study, electrochemical treatment of sludge is proposed to solubilize organic matter. Boron-doped diamond electrodes were used to treat waste activated sludge under different experimental conditions (current density, flow rate, time) to evaluate their influence on the solubilization of organic matter (in terms of chemical oxygen demand). The degree of solubilization ranged between 0.31 and 1.78%. Based on the results, optimal operating conditions were current density of 19.3 mA cm-2, flow rate of 4 L min-1, and treatment time of 30 min. Furthermore, treatment flow rate was found to play a key role in solubilization, as the process is controlled by mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - A Cano
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - U Durán
- Instituto de Ingeniería UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - J A Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
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21
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Sedlazeck KP, Vollprecht D, Müller P, Mischitz R, Gill J, Trois W, Maunz I, Frate R, Mann O, Wruss K. Decomposition of dissolved organic contaminants by combining a boron-doped diamond electrode, zero-valent iron and ultraviolet radiation. Chemosphere 2019; 217:897-904. [PMID: 30466058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the results of a research project dealing with the degradation of dissolved tetrachloroethene, MTBE and clopyralid by using a boron-doped diamond electrode, zero-valent iron in a fluidized bed reactor and ultraviolet radiation. These treatment methods were tested alone, in any combination of two as well as in combination of all three of them to identify emerging synergy effects. Additionally, the influence of adding H2O2 or H2O2 + H2SO4 is investigated. The experiments revealed that the treatment methods alone were able to decrease the organic contaminant concentrations, yet, the decomposition rate was not very sufficient. Applying the BDD yielded the highest decomposition rates, however, this degradation was accompanied by metabolite production. By combining two methods and adding H2O2, the decomposition was enhanced significantly for any combination. These removal rates were further increased by using the combination of the three treatment methods and adding H2O2 or H2O2 + H2SO4. These high removal rates were not achieved by solely using the combination of the three methods without further addition of chemicals. This research demonstrates the potential, but also the limitations of the investigated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus P Sedlazeck
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Daniel Vollprecht
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Peter Müller
- FerroDECONT GmbH, Peter-Tunner-Straße 19, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Robert Mischitz
- FerroDECONT GmbH, Peter-Tunner-Straße 19, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Johanna Gill
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Trois
- ECOCAN GmbH, Peter-Tunner-Straße 19, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Ingomar Maunz
- Envionix Engineering GmbH, Hubert Hoffmann Ring 29b, 8044, Graz, Austria.
| | - Roman Frate
- Pro Aqua Diamond Electrode Production GmbH, Parkring 1, 8712, Niklasdorf, Austria.
| | - Oliver Mann
- ESW Consulting Wruss, Rosasgasse 25-27, 1120, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klaus Wruss
- ESW Consulting Wruss, Rosasgasse 25-27, 1120, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Barbosa AD, da Silva LF, de Paula HM, Romualdo LL, Sadoyama G, Andrade LS. Combined use of coagulation (M. oleifera) and electrochemical techniques in the treatment of industrial paint wastewater for reuse and/or disposal. Water Res 2018; 145:153-161. [PMID: 30142513 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, water-based paint (WBP) wastewater was treated using a natural coagulant, Moringa oleifera aqueous extract (MOAE), fortified with Ca2+ (from nitrate and chloride salts). In order to improve the quality of the treated wastewater and render it suitable for disposal, an electrolytic flow process was associated with the wastewater treatment using a filter-press reactor with a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The feasibility of the treatment was evidenced by the reuse of the treated wastewater in the production of a new paint (manufactured by the company supplying the raw wastewater), whose quality was compatible with the water used by the manufacturer. The best conditions for the coagulation-flocculation process involved the use of 80 mL of MOAE (50 g/L of MO and 0.125 mol/L of Ca2+) for every 1.0 L of wastewater at pH 6.5. The limiting current density (35 mA/cm2) and an electrolysis time of 90 min (charge passed of 3.68 A h/L) were used in the electrochemical treatment. Biotoxicity assays using the brine shrimp Artemia salina revealed that the mortality (in %) of microcrustaceans was reduced from 100% (raw wastewater) to only 11% at the end of the electrolysis process, in addition to eliminating the strong odor and 85% of the organic load. Moreover, microbiological tests showed that the number of mesophiles decreased by more than six orders of magnitude and there was no growth of thermotolerant coliforms (TC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia D Barbosa
- UAE-Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Larissa F da Silva
- UAE-Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Heber M de Paula
- Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Lincoln L Romualdo
- UAE-Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Sadoyama
- IBIOTEC, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Andrade
- UAE-Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil.
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23
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Candia-Onfray C, Espinoza N, Sabino da Silva EB, Toledo-Neira C, Espinoza LC, Santander R, García V, Salazar R. Treatment of winery wastewater by anodic oxidation using BDD electrode. Chemosphere 2018; 206:709-717. [PMID: 29783056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effective removal of organics from winery wastewater was obtained in real residual effluents from the wine industry using anodic oxidation (AO). The effluent had an initial organic load of [COD]0 of 3490 mg L-1 equal to [TOC]0 of 1320 mg L-1. In addition, more than 40 organic compounds were identified by means of GC-MS. Different density currents as well as the addition of electrolytes were tested during electrolysis. The results show the decay of [COD]t by 63.6% when no support electrolyte was added, whereas almost total mineralization and disinfection was reached after adding of 50 mM of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride and applying higher density currents. The presence of sulfate and chloride in large concentration favors the production of oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals and active chlorine species that react with organics in solution. Moreover, the addition of a supporting electrolyte to industrial wastewater increases conductivity, reduces cell potential and therefore, decreases the energy consumption of the AO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Candia-Onfray
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica MedioAmbiental, LEQMA, Chile
| | - Nicole Espinoza
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica MedioAmbiental, LEQMA, Chile
| | | | - Carla Toledo-Neira
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica MedioAmbiental, LEQMA, Chile
| | - L Carolina Espinoza
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica MedioAmbiental, LEQMA, Chile
| | - Rocío Santander
- Laboratorio de Cinética y Fotoquímica, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Chile
| | - Verónica García
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica MedioAmbiental, LEQMA, Chile.
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24
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Wang X, Xiang P, Zhang Y, Wan Y, Lian H. The inhibition of Microcystis aeruginos by electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond electrode. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:20631-20639. [PMID: 29752669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrooxidation is used to study the inhibition behavior of Microcystis aeruginosa, a dominant algae species during water blooms mainly caused by non-point source pollution. The inhibitory effect of current density, A/V ratio, initial algae concentration, and algae growth phase on the growth of algae by electrochemical oxidation was investigated, respectively. Further, the effect of electrolysis on the photosynthesis of algae cells and the degradation of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in solution were also studied. The results showed that the inhibitory effect increased with the increase of current density and A/V ratio. The damage of cell structure and the leakage of intracellular substances were observed when the current density was 17 mA/cm2. The intracellular chlorophyll a decreased significantly during the culture period. Only when the A/V ratio was 9.75 m-1, the algal growth could be completely inhibited. The inhibitory effect of algae was decreased with the increase of initial algal concentration, and the inhibitory effect of algae in the log growth phase was better than that in the stationary phase. The degradation efficiency of total MC-LR was 91.7% at 90 min. Some other substances could be degraded simultaneously along with the degradation of MC-LR in electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Lian
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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25
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Abdullah AA, Yardım Y, Şentürk Z. The performance of cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode in cationic surfactant media for enhancing the adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of catechol-containing flavonoid quercetin in apple juice. Talanta 2018; 187:156-164. [PMID: 29853029 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, an electroanalytical methodology was developed for the determination of an important catechol-containing flavonoid derivative, quercetin using adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. In cyclic voltammetry, the compound showed a couple of oxidation/reduction peak at low positive potentials, and additional two oxidation peaks at more positive potentials. The sensitivity of the stripping voltammetric measurements was significantly improved when the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was present in the electrolyte solution. Using square-wave stripping mode, a highly linear analytical curve was obtained for quercetin determination in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH 4.7) containing 3 × 10-4 M CTAB at + 0.37 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) (after 30 s accumulation at open-circuit condition) in the range of 0.5-200 ng mL-1 (1.7 × 10-9-3.3 × 10-7 M), with a detection limit of 0.132 ng mL-1 (4.4 × 10-10 M). As an example, the practical applicability of proposed method was successfully tested with the measurement of quercetin concentration in commercial apple juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Abdullah
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Yardım
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Zühre Şentürk
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 65080 Van, Turkey.
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26
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Bu L, Zhu S, Zhou S. Degradation of atrazine by electrochemically activated persulfate using BDD anode: Role of radicals and influencing factors. Chemosphere 2018; 195:236-244. [PMID: 29268181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel advanced oxidation process using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode to activate persulfate (PS) with low concentration of electrolyte was systematically investigated in this study. Compared to direct electrochemical oxidation of atrazine (ATZ) using BDD anode, the addition and activation of PS significantly declined the demand for electrolytes. It was confirmed by scavenger experiments that both radical and non-radical oxidation occurred in this system. Degradation of ATZ was enhanced with the increase of current density and dosage of PS, and decrease of initial pH. However, the increase of current density can also lead to the decrease of current efficiency, then increase of energy consumption. Besides, the inhibitory effect of anions on the degradation of ATZ followed the order of HCO3->H2PO4->NO3-, while the presence of Cl- accelerated the degradation of ATZ. Furthermore, the degradation products mainly resulting from de-alkylation, de-chlorination, and hydroxylation were detected. Due to the distinctive preference to ethyl group in BDD/PS system, the formation of deethyl-atrazine was quicker than that of deisopropyl-atrazine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding on the potential application of BDD/PS system in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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27
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Bakheet B, Islam MA, Beardall J, Zhang X, McCarthy D. Electrochemical inactivation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and removal of the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin. J Hazard Mater 2018; 344:241-248. [PMID: 29055197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to ways of removing toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water prior to its use due to public health concerns. The efficacy of treating the toxic filamentous cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (C. raciborskii) by electrolysis with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) in Chloride-free solution was investigated. At optimum current, about 87 and 93% removal of cell density at 60 and 180min and about 72 and 90% of Chl a, respectively. Additionally, a physiological test (FV/Fm) indicated that cells were completely inactivated in 45min. Furthermore, initial total cylindrospermopsin concentration 1.83μg/L was also degraded to below the detection limit (<0.05μg/L) in 30min. Hydroxyl radical (OH) played the major role in cell inactivation, however, Na2SO4 also played a minor role in algae removal due to the formation of SO4- and subsequently S2O82- by BDD electrode. The results of this study suggest that BDD electrochemical treatment of algae in Chloride-free water is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Bakheet
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Xiwang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800,Australia
| | - David McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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28
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Buzid A, Luong JHT, Reen FJ, O'Gara F, Glennon JD, McGlacken GP. Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Signaling Molecules by Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1673:107-116. [PMID: 29130168 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7309-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is critical in the clinical management of this pathogen. Herein, we describe rapid and sensitive electroanalytical methods using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the detection of PA signaling biomolecules. Monitoring the production of key signaling molecules in bacterial cultures of P. aeruginosa PA14 over 8 h is described, involving sample pretreatment by liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction. In addition, direct electrochemical detection approach of PA signaling molecules is also reported in conjunction with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to disrupt the bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyah Buzid
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John H T Luong
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F Jerry Reen
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Jeremy D Glennon
- Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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29
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Bai H, He P, Pan J, Chen J, Chen Y, Dong F, Li H. Boron-doped diamond electrode: Preparation, characterization and application for electrocatalytic degradation of m-dinitrobenzene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 497:422-428. [PMID: 28314147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was successfully prepared via microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method and it was used in electrocatalytic degradation of m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB). The electrocatalytic degradation efficiency of m-DNB was evaluated under different experimental parameters including current density, temperature, pH, Na2SO4 concentration and initial m-DNB concentration. Under optimal parameters, degradation efficiency of m-DNB reached up to 82.7% after 150min. The degradation process of m-DNB was fitted well with pseudo first-order kinetics. Moreover, UV and HPLC analyses implied that m-DNB was totally destroyed and mineralized after 240min degradation, and the proposed mechanism during the electrocatalytic degradation process was analyzed. All these results demonstrated that BDD electrode possessed excellent electrocatalytic property and showed a great potential application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Faqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
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30
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Salazar C, Contreras N, Mansilla HD, Yáñez J, Salazar R. Electrochemical degradation of the antihypertensive losartan in aqueous medium by electro-oxidation with boron-doped diamond electrode. J Hazard Mater 2016; 319:84-92. [PMID: 27180209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work the electrochemical oxidation of losartan, an emerging pharmaceutical pollutant, was studied. Electrochemical oxidation was carried out in batch mode, in an open and undivided cell of 100cm(3) using a boron-doped diamond (BDD)/stainless steel system. With Cl(-) medium 56% of mineralization was registered, while with the trials containing SO4(2-) as supporting electrolyte a higher mineralization yield of 67% was reached, even obtaining a total removal of losartan potassium at 80mAcm(-2) and 180min of reaction time at pH 7.0. Higher losartan potassium concentrations enhanced the mineralization degree and the efficiency of the electrochemical oxidation process. During the mineralization up to 4 aromatic intermediates were identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, short-linear carboxylic acids, like oxalic, succinic and oxamic were detected and quantified by ion-exclusion HPLC. Finally, the ability of the electrochemical oxidation process to mineralize dissolved commercial tablets containing losartan was achieved, obtaining TOC removal up to 71% under optimized conditions (10mAcm(-2), 0.05M Na2SO4, pH 7.0 and 25°C and 360min of electrolysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Salazar
- Laboratorio de Trazas Elementales y Especiación, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; Laboratorio de Química Orgánica Ambiental, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile.
| | - Nicole Contreras
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medioambiental, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, PO-Box 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor D Mansilla
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica Ambiental, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Laboratorio de Trazas Elementales y Especiación, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medioambiental, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, PO-Box 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile.
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Espinoza C, Romero J, Villegas L, Cornejo-Ponce L, Salazar R. Mineralization of the textile dye acid yellow 42 by solar photoelectro-Fenton in a lab-pilot plant. J Hazard Mater 2016; 319:24-33. [PMID: 26971051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A complete mineralization of a textile dye widely used in the Chilean textile industry, acid yellow 42 (AY42), was studied. Degradation was carried out in an aqueous solution containing 100mgL(-1) of total organic carbon (TOC) of dye using the advanced solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) process in a lab-scale pilot plant consisting of a filter press cell, which contains a boron doped diamond electrode and an air diffusion cathode (BDD/air-diffusion cell), coupled with a solar photoreactor for treat 8L of wastewater during 270min of electrolysis. The main results obtained during the degradation of the textile dye were that a complete transformation to CO2 depends directly on the applied current density, the concentration of Fe(2+) used as catalyst, and the solar radiation intensity. The elimination of AY42 and its organic intermediates was due to hydroxyl radicals formed at the anode surface from water oxidation and in the bulk from Fenton's reaction between electrogenerated H2O2 and added Fe(2+). The application of solar radiation in the process (SPEF) yield higher current efficiencies and lower energy consumptions than electro-Fenton (EF) and electro-oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (E OH2O2) by the additional production of hydroxyl radicals from the photolysis of Fe(III) hydrated species and the photodecomposition of Fe(III) complexes with organic intermediates. Moreover, some products and intermediates formed during mineralization of dye, such as inorganic ions, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds were determined by photometric and chromatographic methods. An oxidation pathway is proposed for the complete conversion to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica MedioAmbiental, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los, Materiales Facultad de Química y Biología, Chile
| | - Julio Romero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de procesos de Separación por membranas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Chile
| | - Loreto Villegas
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Cornejo-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas, LIMZA, Universidad de Tarapacá, UTA, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica MedioAmbiental, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los, Materiales Facultad de Química y Biología, Chile.
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da Silva LF, Barbosa AD, de Paula HM, Romualdo LL, Andrade LS. Treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater by coagulation/electrochemical methods: Proposals for disposal and/or reuse of treated water. Water Res 2016; 101:467-475. [PMID: 27295621 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes and discusses an investigation into the treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater (water-based acrylic texture) by coagulation (aluminum sulfate) coupled to electrochemical methods (BDD electrode). Two proposals are put forward, based on the results. The first proposal considers the feasibility of reusing wastewater treated by the methods separately and in combination, while the second examines the possibility of its disposal into water bodies. To this end, parameters such as toxicity, turbidity, color, organic load, dissolved aluminum, alkalinity, hardness and odor are evaluated. In addition, the proposal for water reuse is strengthened by the quality of the water-based paints produced using the wastewater treated by the two methods (combined and separate), which was evaluated based on the typical parameters for the quality control of these products. Under optimized conditions, the use of the chemical coagulation (12 mL/L of Al2(SO4)3 dosage) treatment, alone, proved the feasibility of reusing the treated wastewater in the paint manufacturing process. However, the use of the electrochemical method (i = 10 mA/cm(2) and t = 90 min) was required to render the treated wastewater suitable for discharge into water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F da Silva
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Andreia D Barbosa
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Heber M de Paula
- Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Lincoln L Romualdo
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Andrade
- Physics and Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás (Universidade Federal de Goiás) - Regional Catalão, 75704-020 Catalão, GO, Brazil.
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Lin Z, Yao W, Wang Y, Yu G, Deng S, Huang J, Wang B. Perchlorate formation during the electro-peroxone treatment of chloride-containing water: Effects of operational parameters and control strategies. Water Res 2016; 88:691-702. [PMID: 26580085 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation of clofibric acid and formation of perchlorate during the electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) treatment of chloride-containing (26.1-100 mg L(-1)) water (Na2SO4 electrolytes and secondary effluents). The E-peroxone process involves sparging O2 and O3 gas mixture into an electrolysis reactor where a carbon-based cathode is used to electrochemically convert the sparged O2 to H2O2. The electro-generated H2O2 then reacts with sparged O3 to produce OH, which can rapidly oxidize pollutants in the bulk solution. When boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were used as the anode, perchlorate concentrations increased significantly from undetectable levels to ∼15-174 mg L(-1) in the different water samples as the applied current density was increased from 4 to 32 mA cm(-2). In contrast, no ClO4(-) was detected when Pt/Ti anodes were used in the E-peroxone process operated under similar reaction conditions. In addition, when sufficient O3 was sparged to maximize OH production from its peroxone reaction with electro-generated H2O2, the E-peroxone process with Pt/Ti anodes achieved comparable clofibric acid degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal yields as that with BDD anodes, but did not generate detectable ClO4(-). These results indicate that by optimizing operational parameters and using Pt/Ti anodes, the E-peroxone process can achieve the goal of both fast pollutant degradation and ClO4(-) prevention during the treatment of chloride-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weikun Yao
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Urzúa J, González-Vargas C, Sepúlveda F, Ureta-Zañartu MS, Salazar R. Degradation of conazole fungicides in water by electrochemical oxidation. Chemosphere 2013; 93:2774-2781. [PMID: 24140400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation (EO) treatment in water of three conazole fungicides, myclobutanil, triadimefon and propiconazole, has been carried out at constant current using a BDD/SS system. First, solutions of each fungicide were electrolyzed to assess the effect of the experimental parameters such as current, pH and fungicide concentration on the decay of each compound and total organic carbon abatement. Then a careful analysis of the degradation by-products was made by high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in order to provide a detailed discussion on the original reaction pathways. Thus, during the degradation of conazole fungicides by the electrochemical oxidation process, aromatic intermediates, aliphatic carboxylic acids and Cl(-) were detected prior to their complete mineralization to CO2 while NO3(-) anions remained in the treated solution. This is an essential preliminary step towards the applicability of the EO processes for the treatment of wastewater containing conazole fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Urzúa
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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