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Yu J, Yan B, Shen S, Wang Y, Li Y, Cao F, Xiong W, Piao Y, Hu C, Sun Y, Zhang L, Wang C. IgE directly affects eosinophil migration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps through CCR3 and predicts the efficacy of omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:447-460.e9. [PMID: 37922997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether IgE affects eosinophil migration in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unclear. Moreover, our understanding of local IgE, eosinophils, and omalizumab efficacy in CRSwNP remains limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether IgE acts directly on eosinophils and determined its role in omalizumab therapy. METHODS Eosinophils and their surface receptors were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and flow cytometry. IgE and its receptors, eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), eosinophilic cationic protein, and CCR3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Functional analyses were performed on blood eosinophils and polyp tissues. Logistic regression was performed to screen for risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to evaluate the accuracy. RESULTS Both FcεRI and CD23 were expressed on eosinophils. The expression of FcεRI and CD23 on eosinophil in nasal polyp tissue was higher than in peripheral blood (both P < .001). IgE and EPX colocalized in CRSwNP. IgE directly promoted eosinophil migration by upregulating CCR3 in CRSwNP but not in healthy controls. Omalizumab and lumiliximab were found to be effective in restraining this migration, indicating CD23 was involved in IgE-induced eosinophil migration. Both IgE+ and EPX+ cells were significantly reduced after omalizumab treatment in those who experienced response (IgE+ cells, P = .001; EPX+ cells, P = .016) but not in those with no response (IgE+ cells, P = .060; EPX+ cells, P = .151). Baseline IgE+ cell levels were higher in those with response compared to those without response (P = .024). The baseline local IgE+ cell count predicted omalizumab efficacy with an accuracy of 0.811. CONCLUSIONS IgE directly promotes eosinophil migration, and baseline local IgE+ cell counts are predictive of omalizumab efficacy in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Cao
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingshi Piao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Robak T, Krawczyńska A, Cebula-Obrzut B, Urbaniak M, Iskierka-Jażdżewska E, Robak P. Atypical Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-The Current Status. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4427. [PMID: 37760396 PMCID: PMC10527541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A diagnosis of typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) requires the presence of ≥5000 clonal B-lymphocytes/μL, the coexistence of CD19, CD20, CD5, and CD23, the restriction of light chain immunoglobulin, and the lack of expression of antigens CD22 and CD79b. Atypical CLL (aCLL) can be distinguished from typical CLL morphologically and immunophenotypically. Morphologically atypical CLL cells have been defined mainly as large, atypical forms, prolymphocytes, or cleaved cells. However, current aCLL diagnostics rely more on immunophenotypic characteristics rather than atypical morphology. Immunophenotypically, atypical CLL differs from classic CLL in the lack of expression of one or fewer surface antigens, most commonly CD5 and CD23, and the patient does not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of any other B-cell lymphoid malignancy. Morphologically atypical CLL has more aggressive clinical behavior and worse prognosis than classic CLL. Patients with aCLL are more likely to display markers associated with poor prognosis, including trisomy 12, unmutated IGVH, and CD38 expression, compared with classic CLL. However, no standard or commonly accepted criteria exist for differentiating aCLL from classic CLL and the clinical significance of aCLL is still under debate. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic abnormalities of aCLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Krawczyńska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Cebula-Obrzut
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Urbaniak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Iskierka-Jażdżewska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of Hematooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
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Shao Z, Zhang Z, Tu Y, Huang C, Chen L, Sun A, Sheng S, Zhang X, Wu Y. A targeted antibody-based array reveals a serum protein signature as biomarker for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:522. [PMID: 37667193 PMCID: PMC10478410 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evident adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) incurs high treatment costs, low quality of life, and many complications. Early screening of AIS is essential to avoid progressing to an evident stage. However, there is no valid serum biomarker for AIS for early screening. METHODS Antibody-based array is a large-scale study of proteins, which is expected to reveal a serum protein signature as biomarker for AIS. There are two segments of the research, including biomarkers screening and validation. In the biomarkers screening group, a total of 16 volunteers participated in this study, and we carried out differentially expressed proteins screening via protein array assay between No-AIS group and the AIS group, through which GeneSet enrichment analysis was performed. In the validation group with a total of 62 volunteers, the differentially expressed proteins from screening group were verified by Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and then multiple regression analysis. RESULTS In our study, there were twenty-nine differentially expressed proteins in AIS, through Protein array assay and GeneSet enrichment analysis in the biomarkers screening group. Then the expression of FAP, CD23 and B2M decreased as the degree of AIS increased via ELISA in validation group (FAP, p < 0.0001; CD23, p = 0.0002; B2M, p < 0.0001). Further, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that FAP, CD23 are linked to Cobb angle, whereas B2M were excluded because of multicollinearity. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we found that serum protein FAP and CD23 are intimately related to AIS, suggesting FAP and CD23 are expected to serve as the serum biomarkers, which significantly facilitate frequent longitudinal monitoring as to keep track of disease progression and tailor treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiting Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunren Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Din NU, Ahmad Z, Rahim S, Fritchie K, Tariq MU, Ahmed A. Extranodal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Head and Neck Region: A Clinicopathological Study of 7 Cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1067-1074. [PMID: 36426540 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221133352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Background. Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is a rare neoplasm arising from follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). It can be nodal or extranodal. Histological diagnosis of extranodal FDC sarcoma in the head and neck region is challenging and a significant percentage are misdiagnosed. Objectives. To report clinicopathological features of head and neck extranodal FDC sarcoma cases and discuss differential diagnoses. Methods. Seven head and neck extranodal FDC sarcomas were retrieved and clinicopathological features were noted. Results. Two tumors each involved parapharyngeal space and tonsil while remaining cases involved the parotid, soft tissue of neck and oropharynx. Age range was 12 to 79 years (mean and median age were 40 and 44 years respectively) and there was a male predilection (6 males: 1 female). All showed spindle to ovoid cells arranged in fascicles, whorls and/or storiform pattern. Mitoses ranged from 3 to 20/mm2. All tumors expressed CD21 and CD23. Two patients died of their disease at 9 and 16 months. Both had tumors larger than 5 cm with ≥10 mitoses/mm2. Three patients were alive at 12, 44 and 184 months. Conclusions. There was a distinct male predominance in our cohort. FDC sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell extranodal neoplasms in the head and neck with a whorled growth pattern and intratumoral lymphocytes. Head and neck region tumors show similar clinicopathologic characteristics as their counterparts at other locations with potential for aggressive behavior especially in tumors greater than 5 cm in size and with high mitotic rates.
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Sato-Fukuba M, Arakaki R, Ushio A, Otsuka K, Nagao R, Matsuzawa S, Tawara H, Tsunematsu T, Ishimaru N. CD4 + T-cell-dependent differentiation of CD23+ follicular B cells contributes to the pulmonary pathology in a primary Sjögren's syndrome mouse model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217492. [PMID: 37475871 PMCID: PMC10354287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects the function of exocrine glands, such as the lacrimal and the salivary glands. Extraglandular lesions and malignant lymphoma also occur during the progressive stage of pSS. We have, herein, focused on the pulmonary lesions of pSS and have aimed clarifying their pathophysiological mechanism by comparing the glandular with the extraglandular lesions observed in a mouse model of pSS. Results The histopathological analysis of lung tissues obtained from NFS/sld mice that have undergone neonatal thymectomy was performed. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted along with immunological analyses in order to characterize the unique phenotypes of the pulmonary lesions identified in these pSS model mice. Inflammatory lesions with a bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue-like structure were identified in the lungs of pSS model mice. In addition, relative to salivary gland lesions, pulmonary lesions showed increased CD23+ follicular B (FB) cells. In vitro and pulmonary B cells were more readily driven to CD23+ FB cell phenotype than salivary gland B cells in pSS model mice. Furthermore, the CD23+ FB cell differentiation was found to be enhanced in a CD4+ T-cell-dependent manner under a Th2-type condition in the lungs of herein examined pSS model mice. Discussion A Th2-type response in the pSS lung may promote the progression of autoimmune lesions through an enhanced abnormal differentiation of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Sato-Fukuba
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ruka Nagao
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Matsuzawa
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tawara
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Abstract
The evolution of IgE in mammals added an extra layer of immune protection at body surfaces to provide a rapid and local response against antigens from the environment. The IgE immune response employs potent expulsive and inflammatory forces against local antigen provocation, at the risk of damaging host tissues and causing allergic disease. Two well-known IgE receptors, the high-affinity FcεRI and low-affinity CD23, mediate the activities of IgE. Unlike other known antibody receptors, CD23 also regulates IgE expression, maintaining IgE homeostasis. This mechanism evolved by adapting the function of the complement receptor CD21. Recent insights into the dynamic character of IgE structure, its resultant capacity for allosteric modulation, and the potential for ligand-induced dissociation have revealed previously unappreciated mechanisms for regulation of IgE and IgE complexes. We describe recent research, highlighting structural studies of the IgE network of proteins to analyze the uniquely versatile activities of IgE and anti-IgE biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK; , ,
| | | | - B J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK; , ,
| | - H J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK; , ,
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Steinert C, Moñino‐Romero S, Butze M, Scheffel J, Dölle‐Bierke S, Dobbertin‐Welsch J, Beyer K, Maurer M, Altrichter S. Soluble IgE-binding factors in the serum of food-allergic patients: Possible pathophysiological role of soluble FcεRI as protective factor. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12222. [PMID: 36825516 PMCID: PMC9904993 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated food allergy is the result of an aberrant immune response involving the interaction of a food allergen with its specific IgE bound to FcɛRI, the high affinity IgE receptor, on mast cells. Allergen-specific IgE also binds to soluble binding factors, but, their expression and role in food allergy is not well characterized. Here, we assess the prevalence and relevance of soluble IgE binding factors in food allergy and tolerance. METHODS We measured serum levels of four IgE binding factors, that is, galectin-3, galectin-9, soluble FcɛRI (sFcεRI) and soluble CD23 (sCD23) in 67 adults sensitized to peanut or hazelnut and sFcɛRI in 29 children sensitized to hen's egg. Adults without food allergen sensitization (n = 17) served as healthy controls. We compared serum levels of patients and controls and assessed them, in the former, for links to clinical features including allergy and tolerance. RESULTS Serum levels of sFcɛRI and sCD23, but not galectin-3 and galectin-9, significantly differ in food-sensitized patients as compared to healthy controls. A subgroup (28%) of peanut and hazelnut allergic patients had elevated sFcεRI levels, that were associated with higher total and specific IgE levels. Furthermore, sFcεRI levels were significantly higher in tolerant subjects compared to allergics. Among hazelnut allergic patients, those with high sFcεRI levels tolerated the highest protein amounts in the oral food challenge. CONCLUSION sFcɛRI but not sCD23, galectin-3 and galectin-9 might play a role in the pathophysiology of food allergy. Its functional role or use as biomarker should be assessed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Steinert
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany,Department of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Sherezade Moñino‐Romero
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany
| | - Monique Butze
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany,University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany
| | - Sabine Dölle‐Bierke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Venerology and AllergyDepartment of DermatologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Josefine Dobbertin‐Welsch
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care MedicineCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany
| | - Sabine Altrichter
- Institute of AllergologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinFreie Universität Berlin und Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany,Allergology and ImmunologyFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMPBerlinGermany,Department for Dermatology and VenerologyKepler University HospitalLinzAustria
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Wang M, Zhang M, Qiu J, Liu C, Lou Y, Wang T, Zhang Y, Mao Y. PU.1- CD23 signaling mediates pulmonary innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus infection by driving inflammatory response. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:4. [PMID: 36650424 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. PU.1 is critical for innate immunity against Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) in macrophages. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PU.1 mediating immunity against AF infection in human alveolar macrophages (AMs) is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we detected the expressions of PU.1, CD23, p-ERK, CCL20 and IL-8 and key inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 in human THP-1-derived macrophages (HTMs) or PU.1/CD23-overexpressed immunodeficient mice with AF infection. Moreover, we examined these expressions in PU.1-overexpressed/interfered HTMs. Additionally, we detected the phagocytosis of macrophages against AF infection with altered PU.1 expression. Dual luciferase, ChIP and EMSAs were performed to detect the interaction of PU.1 and CD23. And we invested the histological changes in mouse lung tissues transfected with PU.1/CD23-expressing adenoviruses in AF infection. RESULTS The results showed that the expressions of PU.1, CD23, p-ERK, CCL20, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 increased significantly with AF infection, and PU.1 regulated the later 8 gene expressions in HTMs. Moreover, CD23 was directly activated by PU.1, and overexpression of CD23 in PU.1-interfered HTMs upregulated IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12 levels which were downregulated by PU.1 interference. PU.1 overexpression strengthened the phagocytosis of the HTMs against AF. And injection of PU.1/CD23-expressing adenoviruses attenuated pathological defects in immunodeficient mouse lung tissues with AF infection. Adenovirus (Ad)-PU.1 increased the CD23, p-ERK, CCL20, IL-8 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that PU.1-CD23 signaling mediates innate immunity against AF in lungs through regulating inflammatory response. Therefore, PU.1-CD23 may be a new anti-aspergillosis therapeutic for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis with the deepening of gene therapy and its wide application in the clinic.
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Boudková P, Čelakovská J, Čermáková E, Andrýs C, Krejsek J. Immunological Parameters in Patients Suffering from Atopic Dermatitis and Either Treated or Non-Treated with Dupilumab. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2023; 66:47-54. [PMID: 37930093 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2023.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to analyze the absolute count of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, T cells, natural killer cells, B cells and to evaluate the expression of functionally important CD23 and CD200 molecules on B cells in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD), (with and without dupilumab therapy). MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 45 patients suffering from AD - 32 patients without dupilumab treatment (10 men, 22 women, average age 35.0 years), 13 patients with dupilumab treatment (7 men, 6 women, average age 43.4 years) and 30 healthy control (10 men, 20 women, average age 44.7 years). Immunophenotype was examined by flow cytometry (Navios Flow Cytometer - Beckman Coulter). The blood count was examined with a Sysmex XN 3000, Sysmex SP10, microscope DI60 for digital morphology evaluating cell division and microscope Olympus BX40. We compared the absolute count of leukocytes and their subsets, T cells (CD4, CD8), natural killers cells, absolute and relative count of B lymphocytes and expression of surface molecules CD23 and CD200 on B cells in AD patients and in control group. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post-hoc (follow-up multiple comparison) and Dunn's test with Bonferroni modification of significance level were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS We confirmed the significantly higher number of neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils and higher expression of CD23 and CD200 on B cells in peripheral blood of AD patients (either with or without dupilumab) therapy. We demonstrated the lower number of CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the difference in the count of white blood cells populations in patients suffering from AD compared with healthy control. There were a differences in the expression of immunoregulatory molecules CD23 and CD200 on B cells in AD patients (either with or without dupilumab therapy) in comparison to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Boudková
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Čermáková
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrýs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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10
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Safa F, Rasmussen T, Lobelle‐Rich P, Collier S, Milligan N, Schmeig J, Schmid J, Wiewiorowski C, Totaro D, Brown TC, Satyavarapu I, Badoo M, Ungerleider N, Flemington EK, Safah H, Saba NS. Establishment and characterization of a new mantle cell lymphoma cell line with a NOTCH2 mutation, Arbo. EJHaem 2022; 3:1326-1329. [PMID: 36467812 PMCID: PMC9713070 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines represent an essential tool used in preclinical research. Most hematologic malignancies have a wide array of cell lines representing their respective molecular and pathologic spectra. In mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), cell lines become specifically valuable in view of the heterogeneity of this disease. Unfortunately, the number of MCL cell lines that are available for the research community remains small, with only nine cell lines available for purchase through the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). We have established a novel blastoid MCL cell line, isolated from the malignant pleural effusion of a 69-year-old male with refractory MCL. Arbo was fully characterized with cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, whole exome sequencing and drug sensitivity assays. One of the most notable mutations identified in Arbo (but not in normal tissue) was the missense mutation NOTCH2 R2400*, which has been proposed as a clinically significant mutation in MCL seen in 5% of cases. NOTCH2 R2400* results in a truncated Notch2 protein, leading to a more stable and active protein. Using pharmacologic inhibition of Notch2, we showed a dependence of Arbo on NOTCH2 signaling, as well as a link between CD23 expression on Arbo and NOTCH2 activity. Arbo represents a NOTCH2 mutated model that is useful in MCL as well as other lymphomas with such mutation. We plan to deposit Arbo at the ATCC to be available for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Safa
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Terri Rasmussen
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Patricia Lobelle‐Rich
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | | | - John Schmeig
- Department of PathologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Janet Schmid
- Department of PathologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Denise Totaro
- Department of PathologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Ishwarya Satyavarapu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Melody Badoo
- Tulane Cancer CenterTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | | | - Hana Safah
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Nakhle S. Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of MedicineTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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11
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Onkanga IO, Hamilton R, Mwinzi PNM, Schneider T, Ondigo BN, Sang H, Ondari E, Rawago F, Jaoko W, Odiere MR, Ganley-Leal L. Expression of CD117 (c-Kit) on Circulating B Cells in Pediatric Schistosomiasis. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0016022. [PMID: 35862720 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00160-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Few B cells express CD27, the primary marker for memory B cells, in pediatric schistosomiasis, suggesting B cell malfunction. This study further demonstrates unexpected high expression of CD117 on circulating B cells in children highly exposed to Schistosoma mansoni infectious larvae. CD117 is expressed by immature or lymphoma B cells, but not by mature, circulating cells. We therefore sought to define the significance of CD117 on blood B cells. We found that CD117-positive (CD117+) B cells increased with the intensity of schistosome infection. In addition, CD117 expression was reduced on CD23+ B cells previously shown to correlate with resistance to infection. Stimulation with a panel of cytokines demonstrated that CD117 levels were upregulated in response to a combination of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for CD117, whereas IL-2 led to a reduction. In addition, stimulation with SCF generally reduced B cell activation levels. Upon further investigation, it was established that multiple circulating cells expressed increased levels of CD117, including monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and expression levels correlated with that of B cells. Finally, we identified a population of large circulating cells with features of reticulocytes. Overall, our results suggest that hyperexposure to intravascular parasitic worms elicits immature cells from the bone marrow. Levels of SCF were shown to reduce as children began to transition through puberty. The study results pose an explanation for the inability of children to develop significant immunity to infection until after puberty.
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12
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Tettamanti S, Rotiroti MC, Attianese GMPG, Arcangeli S, Zhang R, Banerjee P, Galletti G, McManus S, Mazza M, Nicolini F, Martinelli G, Ivan C, Rodriguez TV, Barbaglio F, Scarfò L, Ponzoni M, Wierda W, Gandhi V, Keating MJ, Biondi A, Caligaris-Cappio F, Biagi E, Ghia P, Bertilaccio MTS. Lenalidomide enhances CD23.CAR T cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1566-1579. [PMID: 35259043 PMCID: PMC9828187 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2043299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-modified T cells are an emerging therapeutic tool for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, in patients with CLL, well-known T-cell defects and the inhibitory properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder the efficacy of CAR T cells. We explored a novel approach combining CARs with lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug that tempers the immunosuppressive activity of the CLL TME. T cells from patients with CLL were engineered to express a CAR specific for CD23, a promising target antigen. Lenalidomide maintained the in vitro effector functions of CD23.CAR+ T cells effector functions in terms of antigen-specific cytotoxicity, cytokine release and proliferation. Overall, lenalidomide preserved functional CAR T-CLL cell immune synapses. In a Rag2-/-γc-/--based xenograft model of CLL, we demonstrated that, when combined with low-dose lenalidomide, CD23.CAR+ T cells efficiently migrated to leukemic sites and delayed disease progression when compared to CD23.CAR+ T cells given with rhIL-2. These observations underline the therapeutic potential of this novel CAR-based combination strategy in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tettamanti
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano Bicocca, Osp. San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Rotiroti
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano Bicocca, Osp. San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Greta Maria Paola Giordano Attianese
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano Bicocca, Osp. San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy;,GMPGA is presently at Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Arcangeli
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano Bicocca, Osp. San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,P.B. is presently at Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,GG is presently at Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sheighlah McManus
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Massimiliano Mazza
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy
| | - Fabio Nicolini
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Immunotherapy, Cell Therapy and Biobank (ITCB), IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Federica Barbaglio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy,Strategic Research Program on CLL, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy,Strategic Research Program on CLL, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy;,Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J. Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano Bicocca, Osp. San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Caligaris-Cappio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy,FCC is presently scientific director of AIRC (Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro), 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Biagi
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università Milano Bicocca, Osp. San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy;,EB is presently at BMS/Celgene, Boudry, Canton Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy,Strategic Research Program on CLL, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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13
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Colas L, Magnan A, Brouard S. Immunoglobulin E response in health and disease beyond allergic disorders. Allergy 2022; 77:1700-1718. [PMID: 35073421 DOI: 10.1111/all.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E is the latest discovered of immunoglobulin family and has been long associated with anaphylaxis and worm expulsion. Immunoglobulin E, along with mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, is also a hallmark of type 2 immunity which is dysregulated in numerous diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis in addition to anaphylaxis as aforementioned. However, recent advances have shed light on IgE regulation and memory explaining the low level of free IgE, the scarcity of IgE plasma cells that are mainly short live and the absence of IgE memory B cells in homeostatic conditions. Furthermore, IgE was implicated in inflammatory conditions beyond allergic disorders where IgE-mediated facilitated antigen presentation can enhance cellular and humoral response against autoantigens in systemic lupus or chronic urticaria leading to more severe disease and even against neoantigen facilitating tumor cell lysis. At last, IgE was unexpectedly associated with allograft rejection or atheromatous cardiovascular diseases where precise mechanisms remain to be deciphered. The purpose of this review is to summarize these recent advances in IgE regulation, biology, and physiopathology beyond allergic diseases opening whole new fields of IgE biology to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Colas
- Plateforme Transversale d'Allergologie et d'immunologie Clinique PFTA Clinique dermatologique CHU de Nantes Nantes France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Nantes France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Hôpital Foch, Suresnes; Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin Paris‐Saclay; INRAe Paris France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology Nantes France
- Labex IGO Nantes France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Centre de ressources biologiques (CRB) Nantes France
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14
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Güell N, Junca J, Raya M, Vergara S, Sorigue M. Overlap between CD23 and CD200 in leukemic lymphoproliferative disorders. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:e149-e152. [PMID: 35000272 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Güell
- Hematology Laboratory, Unitat de citometria ICO-Badalona (CITICOB), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Functional Cytomics-IJC, LUMN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordi Junca
- Hematology Laboratory, Unitat de citometria ICO-Badalona (CITICOB), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Functional Cytomics-IJC, LUMN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Minerva Raya
- Hematology Laboratory, Unitat de citometria ICO-Badalona (CITICOB), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Functional Cytomics-IJC, LUMN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sara Vergara
- Hematology Laboratory, Unitat de citometria ICO-Badalona (CITICOB), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Functional Cytomics-IJC, LUMN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Sorigue
- Hematology Laboratory, Unitat de citometria ICO-Badalona (CITICOB), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Functional Cytomics-IJC, LUMN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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15
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Zhong H, Lai X, Li J, Xiao X, Chen S, Würtzen PA. Autologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent facilitated antigen binding detects IgE-blocking activity based on direct competition between allergen-specific IgE and non-IgE. Immunotherapy 2021; 14:205-215. [PMID: 34816749 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To measure IgE-blocking activity induced by allergen immunotherapy (AIT) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent facilitated antigen binding (ELIFAB) assay based on autologous immunoglobulin competition. Methods: The developed ELIFAB assay was used to investigate the kinetics of IgE-blocking activity in 87 patients at multiple AIT treatment time points, in comparison to the changes in IgG4. Results: High ELIFAB response was observed until 2.5 months of AIT, then significantly decreased after 4 months and remained suppressed during the 3-year AIT period. After treatment cessation, the ELIFAB response was maintained at the level seen at the 4-6 month treatment time point, similar to IgG4, indicating sustained IgE-blocking activity related to IgG4. Conclusion: This ELIFAB assay measures the IgE-blocking activity for autologous allergen-specific IgE and non-IgE during and after immunotherapy. It is suited for measuring the sustained IgE-blocking activity induced by AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhong
- Scientific Affairs, ALK A/S, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Xuxin Lai
- Scientific Affairs, ALK A/S, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Xiao
- Paediatric Department, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Center for Prevention and Treatment of Paediatric Asthma, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
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Krstić Ristivojević M, Apostolović D, Smiljanić K. Enterocytes in Food Hypersensitivity Reactions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2713. [PMID: 34573679 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypersensitivity to food, affecting both animals and humans, is increasing. Until a decade ago, it was thought that enterocytes, the most abundant constituent of the intestinal surface mucosa layer, served only to absorb digested food and prevent foreign and non-digested substances from passing below the intestinal layer. Growing evidence supports the involvement of enterocytes in immunological responses. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the new roles of enterocytes in food hypersensitivity conducted in animal models in order to better understand complicated immune pathological conditions. In addition, resources for further work in this area are suggested, along with a literature overview of the specific roles of enterocytes in maintaining oral tolerance. Lastly, it will be beneficial to investigate the various animal models involved in food hypersensitivity to reach the needed momentum necessary for the complete and profound understanding of the mechanisms of the ever-growing number of food allergies in animal and human populations. Abstract Food hypersensitivity reactions are adverse reactions to harmless dietary substances, whose causes are hidden within derangements of the complex immune machinery of humans and mammals. Until recently, enterocytes were considered as solely absorptive cells providing a physical barrier for unwanted lumen constituents. This review focuses on the enterocytes, which are the hub for innate and adaptive immune reactions. Furthermore, the ambiguous nature of enterocytes is also reflected in the fact that enterocytes can be considered as antigen-presenting cells since they constitutively express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Taken together, it becomes clear that enterocytes have an immense role in maintaining oral tolerance to foreign antigens. In general, the immune system and its mechanisms underlying food hypersensitivity are still unknown and the involvement of components belonging to other anatomical systems, such as enterocytes, in these mechanisms make their elucidation even more difficult. The findings from studies with animal models provide us with valuable information about allergic mechanisms in the animal world, while on the other hand, these models are used to extrapolate results to the pathological conditions occurring in humans. There is a constant need for studies that deal with this topic and can overcome the glitches related to ethics in working with animals.
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Xia R, Shafizadeh N, Brandler T, Liu C, Oweity T. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the cervical lymph node diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytopathology 2021; 33:119-122. [PMID: 34351024 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcomas (FDCS) are rare tumours of lymph nodes and extranodal tissues which are grouped with the histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms. The diagnosis is usually made after thorough clinical and pathological examination with immunohistochemical analysis. Difficulties persist in diagnosing FDCS on cytological preparations. We report herein a case of a 57-year-old female who presented with a right neck mass of 5 months duration. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging of the neck reported a necrotic right level IIb lymph node and asymmetric fullness of the right palatine tonsil. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy revealed numerous spindle, oval and stellate neoplastic cells, arranged singly and in syncytia with moderate nuclear pleomorphism, vesicular chromatin pattern, and prominent nucleoli, sprinkled with small lymphocytes. The tumour cells were strongly diffusely positive for CD21, CD23, and D2-40 immunostaining on cell bock sections, but were negative for CD1a and CD34, supporting the diagnosis of FDCS. Follow-up surgical pathology on the resection showed histopathological features and an immunohistochemical profile consistent with FDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xia
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Negin Shafizadeh
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamar Brandler
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thaira Oweity
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Ando T, Kitaura J. Tuning IgE: IgE-Associating Molecules and Their Effects on IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Reactions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071697. [PMID: 34359869 PMCID: PMC8305778 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) drugs and their candidates for humans has endorsed the significance of IgE-dependent pathways in allergic disorders. IgE is distributed locally in the tissues or systemically to confer a sensory mechanism in a domain of adaptive immunity to the otherwise innate type of effector cells, namely, mast cells and basophils. Bound on the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI, IgE enables fast memory responses against revisiting threats of venoms, parasites, and bacteria. However, the dysregulation of IgE-dependent reactions leads to potentially life-threatening allergic diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Therefore, reactivity of the IgE sensor is fine-tuned by various IgE-associating molecules. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis for how IgE-dependent mast cell activation is regulated by the IgE-associating molecules, including the newly developed therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
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Ilkow VF, Davies AM, Dhaliwal B, Beavil AJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Reviving lost binding sites: Exploring calcium-binding site transitions between human and murine CD23. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1827-1840. [PMID: 34075727 PMCID: PMC8255853 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a central regulatory and triggering molecule of allergic immune responses. IgE's interaction with CD23 modulates both IgE production and functional activities.CD23 is a noncanonical immunoglobulin receptor, unrelated to receptors of other antibody isotypes. Human CD23 is a calcium-dependent (C-type) lectin-like domain that has apparently lost its carbohydrate-binding capability. The calcium-binding site classically required for carbohydrate binding in C-type lectins is absent in human CD23 but is present in the murine molecule. To determine whether the absence of this calcium-binding site affects the structure and function of human CD23, CD23 mutant proteins with increasingly "murine-like" sequences were generated. Restoration of the calcium-binding site was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, and structures of mutant human CD23 proteins were determined by X-ray crystallography, although no electron density for calcium was observed. This study offers insights into the evolutionary differences between murine and human CD23 and some of the functional differences between CD23 in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F. Ilkow
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Anna M. Davies
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Balvinder Dhaliwal
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Andrew J. Beavil
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - Brian J. Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
| | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonUK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUK
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Abstract
IgE, the key molecule in atopy has been shown to bind two receptors, FcεRI, the high‐affinity receptor, and FcεRII (CD23), binding IgE with lower affinity. Whereas cross‐linking of IgE on FcεRI expressed by mast cells and basophils triggers the allergic reaction, binding of IgE to CD23 on B cells plays an important role in both IgE regulation and presentation. Furthermore, IgE‐immune complexes (IgE‐ICs) bound by B cells enhance antibody and T cell responses in mice and humans. However, the mechanisms that regulate the targeting of the two receptors and the respective function of the two pathways in inflammation or homeostasis are still a matter of debate. Here, we focus on CD23 and discuss several mechanisms related to IgE binding, as well as the impact of the IgE/antigen‐binding on different immune cells expressing CD23. One recent paper has shown that free IgE preferentially binds to FcεRI whereas IgE‐ICs are preferentially captured by CD23. Binding of IgE‐ICs to CD23 on B cells can, on one hand, regulate serum IgE and prevent effector cell activation and on the other hand facilitate antigen presentation by delivering the antigen to dendritic cells. These data argue for a multifunctional role of CD23 for modulating IgE serum levels and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Engeroff
- INSERM UMR_S 959 Immunology‐Immunopathology‐Immunotherapy (i3) Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Monique Vogel
- Center for Clinical Research Region Västmanland/Uppsala University, Västmanland hospital Västerås Sweden
- Department of BioMedical Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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Hanfee AR, Ghazi KR, Ashfaq Z, Kayani N, Din NU. Primary Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of Breast: 2 Further Cases with Review of the Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:55-62. [PMID: 33973829 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211017317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a tumor derived from antigen-presenting cells and can occur within lymphoid tissue or at extranodal sites. FDCS of the breast is remarkably rare, with only 4 cases previously reported in literature. FDCS appears grossly as a well-circumscribed, firm mass with a grey-yellow surface, areas of necrosis, and histologically comprises of spindled, oval, or epithelioid cells with intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry plays a key role in its diagnosis. Here we describe 2 cases of FDCS of breast in 2 women aged 70 and 35 years old, who presented with a palpable lump in the breast. One patient had concomitant invasive ductal carcinoma as well. We highlight the key histopathological and immunohistochemical features of the tumor.
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Trischler J, Bottoli I, Janocha R, Heusser C, Jaumont X, Lowe P, Gautier A, Pethe A, Woessner R, Zerwes HG, Zielen S. Ligelizumab treatment for severe asthma: learnings from the clinical development programme. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1255. [PMID: 33747510 PMCID: PMC7958305 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ligelizumab is a humanised IgG1 anti-IgE antibody that binds IgE with higher affinity than omalizumab. Ligelizumab had greater efficacy than omalizumab on inhaled and skin allergen provocation responses in mild allergic asthma. This multi-centre, randomised, double-blind study was designed to test ligelizumab in severe asthma patients not adequately controlled with high-dose inhaled corticoids plus long-acting β2-agonist. Methods Patients received 16 weeks ligelizumab (240 mg q2w), omalizumab or placebo subcutaneously, and ACQ-7 was measured as primary outcome at Week 16. In addition, the study generated dose-ranging data of ligelizumab and safety data. Results A total of 471 patients, age 47.4 ± 13.36 years, were included in the study. Treatment with ligelizumab did not significantly improve asthma control (ACQ-7) and exacerbation rates compared to omalizumab and placebo. Therefore, primary and secondary objectives of the study were not met. The compound was well tolerated, and the safety profile showed no new safety findings. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated faster clearance and lower serum concentrations of ligelizumab than historical omalizumab data, and exploratory in vitro data showed differential IgE blocking properties relative to FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23 between the two compounds. Conclusion Ligelizumab failed to demonstrate superiority over placebo or omalizumab. Although ligelizumab is more potent than omalizumab at inhibiting IgE binding to the high-affinity FcεRI, there is differential IgE blocking properties relative to FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23 between the two compounds. Therefore, the data suggest that different anti-IgE antibodies might be selectively efficacious for different IgE-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordis Trischler
- Department for Children and Adolescents Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic fibrosis University Hospital Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Phil Lowe
- Novartis Pharma AG Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Zielen
- Department for Children and Adolescents Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic fibrosis University Hospital Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Aoki S. Highlights: B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Exp Hematop 2020; 60:122-123. [PMID: 33328425 PMCID: PMC7810247 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Aoki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Zaiem F, Jerbi R, Albanyan O, Puccio J, Kafri Z, Yang J, Gabali AM. High Ki67 proliferation index but not cell-of-origin subtypes is associated with shorter overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Avicenna J Med 2020; 10:241-248. [PMID: 33437697 PMCID: PMC7791286 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_81_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 are commonly used immunohistochemical stains for classifying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is useful in predicting outcome. Conflicting reports of the prognostic value of other markers such as BCL2, CD23, and Ki67 proliferation index have been reported. Our objective was to correlate these immunostains and Hans classification with response to therapy and overall survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with DLBCL from 2008–2014 at a tertiary-care cancer hospital. The slides with the IHC stains were reviewed by two independent pathologists. The clinical outcomes––assessed independently––were response to therapy and overall survival. The treatment response evaluation was based on the new Lugano classification. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Fisher’s exact test and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Forty-one patients were included in the study with a known Hans classification, available clinical data, and at least 5-year follow-up. CD10 immunostain was reported in all patients, whereas CD23 was the least reported in only four patients. No significant association was observed between CD10, BCL6, MUM1, BCL2, and both Response to therapy and overall survival. Owing to few cases reported CD23 immunostain, further analysis of association is not reported. High Ki67 proliferative index of >80% was statistically significantly associated with shorter overall survival and not statistically significant associated with no response to therapy. Hans classification subtypes were not predictive in regard to therapy response. Conclusion: High Ki67 expression (>80%) was associated with shorter overall survival in DLBCL. Hans classification subtypes were not predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Zaiem
- Hematopathology department, Barbara Ann Karmanos Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rada Jerbi
- Pathology Department, Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Omar Albanyan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jordyn Puccio
- Hematopathology department, Barbara Ann Karmanos Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zyad Kafri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali M Gabali
- Hematopathology department, Barbara Ann Karmanos Center and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Asaumi T, Sato S, Yanagida N, Matsuhara H, Kobayashi S, Fukano C, Ohashi-Doi K, Ebisawa M. Formation of IgE-Allergen- CD23 Complex Changes in Children Treated with Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Japanese Cedar Pollinosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:190-194. [PMID: 33032294 DOI: 10.1159/000510640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is used to treat Japanese cedar (JC) pollinosis. The formation of IgE-allergen-CD23 complex after SCIT for JC pollinosis has not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the formation of IgE-allergen-CD23 complex after SCIT for JC pollinosis. METHODS Eleven patients were treated with 3-year SCIT for JC pollinosis at Sa-gamihara National Hospital from 2013 to 2014. Nasal and ocular symptoms (in terms of symptom scores) during the scattering of JC pollen and immunological changes were investigated. Levels of JC pollen-specific antibodies (IgE and IgG4) were measured by ImmunoCAP assays. To detect the changes in allergen-presenting ability of B cells, the levels of IgE-allergen-CD23 complexes in serum were measured by a cell-free, enzyme-linked immunosorbent-facilitated antigen-binding assay. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) age of the subjects was 8 (6-10) years. Three patients (27%) had comorbid atopic dermatitis, and 5 patients (45%) had comorbid bronchial asthma. Before starting SCIT, the total IgE level was 373 (75-2,870) kU/L, and the level of JC pollen-specific IgE was 77.2 (15.4-528) kUA/L. Symptom scores improved significantly from the year after treatment. JC pollen-specific IgE levels did not change after 3 years of treatment. JC pollen-specific IgG4 levels increased significantly throughout the treatment period. The levels of IgE-allergen-CD23 complexes decreased significantly after 3 years of treatment. CONCLUSION The ability of IgE-allergen complexes to bind to CD23 decreased after SCIT, suggesting that increasing levels of IgE-blocking antibodies, including IgG4, may play an important role in the mechanism of SCIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Asaumi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan,
| | - Sakura Sato
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanagida
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
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Zubair M, Din NU, Arshad S, Minhas K, Idress R, Ahmad Z. Intra-abdominal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma (FDCS): Series of 18 cases of a rare entity from Pakistan. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151595. [PMID: 32905993 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplastic proliferation of dendritic cells which are immune accessory cells found in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. FDCS can thus occur in lymph nodes as well as non-lymphoid organs. Intraabdominal FDCS is even rarer. Our aim was to describe the clinical and morphological features of intra-abdominal FDCSs diagnosed in our practice and to review published literature on FDCSs including intra-abdominal FDCSs. METHODS All cases of FDCSs diagnosed between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2019 were included in the study. Slides of the cases were reviewed and clinical follow up was obtained. RESULTS A total of 18 cases of intraabdominal FDCS were diagnosed during the study period. Age range was 17 to 55 years. Mean and median ages were 28 and 29 years respectively. Of the 18 patients, 11 were male and 7 were females. Colon was involved in 9 cases and appendix in 2 cases. 9 cases were received as resection specimens while 9 cases were received as slides and blocks for second opinion. Tumor size ranged from 2.7 to 26 cm. Average tumor size in these 9 cases was 8.2 cm and in 6 of these 9 cases, tumor size was greater than 6 cm in largest dimension. Grossly, tumors were nodular or polypoid and had a fleshy, grey white, homogeneous cut surface. Histologically, all 18 cases showed proliferation of plump to spindle shaped cells arranged in a fascicular or storiform pattern. Tumor cells had mild to moderately pleomorphic spindle to ovoid vesicular nuclei with fine chromatin and inconspicuous to variably conspicuous nucleoli, and moderate amount of pale eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic activity was usually brisk. CD21 and CD23 were positive in all 18 cases. Resection margins were negative in all 9 resection specimens. Lymph nodes positive for metastases were seen in 4 cases. Follow up was available in 13 cases. Recurrence was seen in 6 patients, out of which 3 patients died of disease 15, 17- and 24-months following resection. 1 patient with appendiceal FDCS was free of disease almost 12 years after surgery but recently developed recurrence and is currently undergoing chemotherapy. 6 patients were alive and well at the time of follow-up 5 to 68 months after resection. None of them had developed recurrence or metastases at the time of follow up. 8 of the 13 patients received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy post-surgical resection. CONCLUSION Colon was involved in 9 of our 18 cases. Lymph nodes were positive for metastases in 4 out of 9 resection specimens. All cases were diagnosed based on morphology supported by positivity for immunohistochemical stains CD21 and CD23. Histological factors associated with aggressive behavior were seen in 14 cases. Majority of patients had an aggressive clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Zubair
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ud Din
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Arshad
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Khurram Minhas
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Romana Idress
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Köhler VK, Crescioli S, Fazekas-Singer J, Bax HJ, Hofer G, Pranger CL, Hufnagl K, Bianchini R, Flicker S, Keller W, Karagiannis SN, Jensen-Jarolim E. Filling the Antibody Pipeline in Allergy: PIPE Cloning of IgE, IgG 1 and IgG 4 against the Major Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5693. [PMID: 32784509 PMCID: PMC7460837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Birch pollen allergy is among the most prevalent pollen allergies in Northern and Central Europe. This IgE-mediated disease can be treated with allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which typically gives rise to IgG antibodies inducing tolerance. Although the main mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) are known, questions regarding possible Fc-mediated effects of IgG antibodies remain unanswered. This can mainly be attributed to the unavailability of appropriate tools, i.e., well-characterised recombinant antibodies (rAbs). We hereby aimed at providing human rAbs of several classes for mechanistic studies and as possible candidates for passive immunotherapy. We engineered IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 using Polymerase Incomplete Primer Extension (PIPE) cloning. We tested IgE functionality and IgG blocking capabilities using appropriate model cell lines. In vitro studies showed IgE engagement with FcεRI and CD23 and Bet v 1-dependent degranulation. Overall, we hereby present fully functional, human IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 sharing the same variable region against Bet v 1 and showcase possible applications in first mechanistic studies. Furthermore, our IgG antibodies might be useful candidates for passive immunotherapy of birch pollen allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K. Köhler
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gerhard Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Christina L. Pranger
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed Graz, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (W.K.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, 9th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (H.J.B.); (S.N.K.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospitals and King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.K.K.); (J.F.-S.); (C.L.P.); (K.H.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Villazala-Merino S, Rodriguez-Dominguez A, Stanek V, Campion NJ, Gattinger P, Hofer G, Froeschl R, Fae I, Lupinek C, Vrtala S, Breiteneder H, Keller W, Perkmann T, Nakamura R, Pickl WF, Valenta R, Eckl-Dorna J, Niederberger V. Allergen-specific IgE levels and the ability of IgE-allergen complexes to cross-link determine the extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:958-967.e5. [PMID: 31775017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background CD23 mediates IgE-facilitated allergen presentation and subsequent allergen-specific T-cell activation in allergic patients. Objective We sought to investigate key factors regulating IgE-facilitated allergen presentation through CD23 and subsequent T-cell activation. Methods To study T-cell activation by free allergens and different types of IgE–Bet v 1 complexes, we used a molecular model based on monoclonal human Bet v 1–specific IgE, monomeric and oligomeric Bet v 1 allergen, an MHC-matched CD23-expressing B-cell line, and a T-cell line expressing a human Bet v 1–specific T-cell receptor. The ability to cross-link Fcε receptors of complexes consisting of either IgE and monomeric Bet v 1 or IgE and oligomeric Bet v 1 was studied in human FcεRI-expressing basophils. T-cell proliferation by monomeric or oligomeric Bet v 1, which cross-links Fcε receptors to a different extent, was studied in allergic patients’ PBMCs with and without CD23-expressing B cells. Results In our model non–cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 monomer complexes, as well as cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 oligomer complexes, induced T-cell activation, which was dependent on the concentration of specific IgE. However, T-cell activation by cross-linking IgE–Bet v 1 oligomer complexes was approximately 125-fold more efficient. Relevant T-cell proliferation occurred in allergic patients’ PBMCs only in the presence of B cells, and its magnitude depended on the ability of IgE–Bet v 1 complexes to cross-link CD23. Conclusion The extent of CD23-mediated T-cell activation depends on the concentration of allergen-specific IgE and the cross-linking ability of IgE-allergen complexes.
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Kawakami T, Kawakami Y. Anaphylactic or tolerant outcomes with IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:114-115. [PMID: 31672608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, Calif.
| | - Yu Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
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Eckl-Dorna J, Villazala-Merino S, Campion NJ, Byazrova M, Filatov A, Kudlay D, Karsonova A, Riabova K, Khaitov M, Karaulov A, Niederberger-Leppin V, Valenta R. Tracing IgE-Producing Cells in Allergic Patients. Cells 2019; 8:E994. [PMID: 31466324 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the key immunoglobulin in the pathogenesis of IgE associated allergic diseases affecting 30% of the world population. Recent data suggest that allergen-specific IgE levels in serum of allergic patients are sustained by two different mechanisms: inducible IgE production through allergen exposure, and continuous IgE production occurring even in the absence of allergen stimulus that maintains IgE levels. This assumption is supported by two observations. First, allergen exposure induces transient increases of systemic IgE production. Second, reduction in IgE levels upon depletion of IgE from the blood of allergic patients using immunoapheresis is only temporary and IgE levels quickly return to pre-treatment levels even in the absence of allergen exposure. Though IgE production has been observed in the peripheral blood and locally in various human tissues (e.g., nose, lung, spleen, bone marrow), the origin and main sites of IgE production in humans remain unknown. Furthermore, IgE-producing cells in humans have yet to be fully characterized. Capturing IgE-producing cells is challenging not only because current staining technologies are inadequate, but also because the cells are rare, they are difficult to discriminate from cells bearing IgE bound to IgE-receptors, and plasma cells express little IgE on their surface. However, due to the central role in mediating both the early and late phases of allergy, free IgE, IgE-bearing effector cells and IgE-producing cells are important therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss current knowledge and unanswered questions regarding IgE production in allergic patients as well as possible therapeutic approaches targeting IgE.
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Engeroff P, Caviezel F, Mueller D, Thoms F, Bachmann MF, Vogel M. CD23 provides a noninflammatory pathway for IgE-allergen complexes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:301-311.e4. [PMID: 31437490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by allergen-specific IgE, which sensitizes the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI on mast cells and basophils and drives allergic inflammation upon secondary allergen contact. CD23/FcεRII, the low-affinity receptor for IgE, is constitutively expressed on B cells and has been shown to regulate immune responses. Simultaneous binding of IgE to FcεRI and CD23 is blocked by reciprocal allosteric inhibition, suggesting that the 2 receptors exert distinct roles in IgE handling. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study how free IgE versus precomplexed IgE-allergen immune complexes (IgE-ICs) target the 2 IgE receptors FcεRI and CD23, and we investigated the functional implications of the 2 pathways. METHODS We performed binding and activation assays with human cells in vitro and IgE pharmacokinetics and anaphylaxis experiments in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate that FcεRI preferentially binds free IgE and CD23 preferentially binds IgE-ICs. We further show that those different binding properties directly translate to distinct biological functions: free IgE initiated allergic inflammation through FcεRI on allergic effector cells, while IgE-ICs were noninflammatory because of reduced FcεRI binding and enhanced CD23-dependent serum clearance. CONCLUSION We propose that IgE-ICs are noninflammatory through reduced engagement by FcεRI but increased targeting of the CD23 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Engeroff
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Caviezel
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Mueller
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Thoms
- Department of Dermatology, Zurich University Hospital, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Kurshumliu F, Sadiku-Zehri F, Qerimi A, Vela Z, Jashari F, Bytyci S, Rashiti V, Sadiku S. Divergent immunohistochemical expression of CD21 and CD23 by follicular dendritic cells with increasing grade of follicular lymphoma. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:115. [PMID: 31269981 PMCID: PMC6610797 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical differences have been described in FDCs of primary and secondary follicles, illustrating the highly compartmentalized structure of lymph follicles. Differences in FDC immunophenotype in different grades of FL may reflect some parallelism between reactive and neoplastic conditions in terms of FDC-B cell interaction and may be used as a valuable additional tool for grading FL. METHODS A total of 60 paraffin blocks from patients with follicular lymphoma, 30 cases each of grade 1 and 3, were retrieved from our archive. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out for CD21, CD23, cyclin A, and Ki-67. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that during evaluation, six patterns of FDC distribution were distinguished. The intensity of stain for CD21 was not statistically significant in grade 1 and grade 3 FL (p = 0.340). In contrast, grade 3 FLs exhibited a significant decrease of CD23 expression by the FDCs (p < 0.001). By CD21 stain, there was no significant difference in the distribution of pattern 1 in grades 1 and 3 (p = 0.098). In contrast, in grade 3, this pattern was significantly less observed by CD23 stain (p = 0.016). The same was observed for pattern 2 for CD21 (p = 0.940) and CD23 (p = 0.010) and pattern 4 for CD21 (p = 0.305) and CD23 (p = 0.005), respectively. Distribution of pattern 5 was significantly different between grades 1 and 3 both for CD21 (p = 0.005) and CD23 (p < 0.001). Distribution of patterns 2 and 6 was not significantly different between grades 1 and 3 for CD21 and CD23. The values of cyclin A and Mib-1 were also significantly different between grades 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The observed patterns of FDCs lead us to believe that similar to reactive lymph node follicles, neoplastic follicles in FL, at least in early stages, have an organized structure. Hypothetically, with CD21, CD23, and cyclin A immunohistochemistry, the sequence of events in FL progression may be traced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisnik Kurshumliu
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Fatlinda Sadiku-Zehri
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Ardita Qerimi
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Zana Vela
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Fisnik Jashari
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Samir Bytyci
- Institute of Histology, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Vlore Rashiti
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University Clinical Center of Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Shemsedin Sadiku
- Hematology Clinic, University Clinical Center/Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Rr.Bulevardi i Dëshmorëve, 10000, Pristina, PN, Kosovo.
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Aladily TN, Mansour A, Alsughayer A, Sughayer M, Medeiros LJ. The utility of CD83, fascin and CD23 in the differential diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma versus classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 40:72-76. [PMID: 31075666 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) are the most common large cell lymphomas arising in the mediastinum and are thought to be closely related histogenetically. Although the distinction between PMBL and CHL is usually straightforward, in some cases it is challenging and rarely these neoplasms have intermediate features and qualify for the diagnosis of mediastinal gray zone lymphoma (GZL). CD83 and fascin are markers of CHL and CD23 is a marker of PMBL. In this study we assess the utility of this combination of these immunohistochemical markers to distinguish CHL from PMBL. We retrospectively collected cases of PMBL, CHL and GZL from three centers. Tissue sections were stained with CD83, fascin and CD23. CD83 was expressed in the neoplastic cells of 100% of CHL (22/22), 93% of GZL (16/18) and 41% of PMBL (9/22). Similarly, fascin was positive in the neoplastic cells of 100% of CHL (22/22), 86% of GZL (18/21) and 32% of PMBL (7/22). CD23 was positive in 95% of PMBL (21/22), 67% of GZL (12/18) and 9% of CHL (2/22). CD83 and fascin are sensitive markers for CHL but not specific whereas CD23 is sensitive for PMBL and uncommon in CHL. The GZL cases in this study had an intermediate immunophenotype, but the results were closer to CHL than PMBL. A large panel of immunohistochemical studies is recommended to distinguish CHL from PMBL entities and we suggest that CD83, fascin and CD23 add value to panels designed for this differential diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- CD83 Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq N Aladily
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania St, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Ahmad Mansour
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania St, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Anas Alsughayer
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania St, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Maher Sughayer
- Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Queen Rania St, Amman 11941, Jordan.
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Aladily TN, Mansour A, Alsughayer A, Sughayer M, Medeiros LJ. The utility of CD83, fascin and CD23 in the differential diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma versus classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019. [PMID: 31075666 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.009.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) are the most common large cell lymphomas arising in the mediastinum and are thought to be closely related histogenetically. Although the distinction between PMBL and CHL is usually straightforward, in some cases it is challenging and rarely these neoplasms have intermediate features and qualify for the diagnosis of mediastinal gray zone lymphoma (GZL). CD83 and fascin are markers of CHL and CD23 is a marker of PMBL. In this study we assess the utility of this combination of these immunohistochemical markers to distinguish CHL from PMBL. We retrospectively collected cases of PMBL, CHL and GZL from three centers. Tissue sections were stained with CD83, fascin and CD23. CD83 was expressed in the neoplastic cells of 100% of CHL (22/22), 93% of GZL (16/18) and 41% of PMBL (9/22). Similarly, fascin was positive in the neoplastic cells of 100% of CHL (22/22), 86% of GZL (18/21) and 32% of PMBL (7/22). CD23 was positive in 95% of PMBL (21/22), 67% of GZL (12/18) and 9% of CHL (2/22). CD83 and fascin are sensitive markers for CHL but not specific whereas CD23 is sensitive for PMBL and uncommon in CHL. The GZL cases in this study had an intermediate immunophenotype, but the results were closer to CHL than PMBL. A large panel of immunohistochemical studies is recommended to distinguish CHL from PMBL entities and we suggest that CD83, fascin and CD23 add value to panels designed for this differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq N Aladily
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania St, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Ahmad Mansour
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania St, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Anas Alsughayer
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania St, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Maher Sughayer
- Department of Pathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Queen Rania St, Amman 11941, Jordan.
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Saksena A, Yin CC, Xu J, Li J, Zhou J, Wang SA, Lin P, Tang G, Wang L, Wang M, Miranda RN, Medeiros LJ, Li S. CD23 expression in mantle cell lymphoma is associated with CD200 expression, leukemic non-nodal form, and a better prognosis. Hum Pathol 2019; 89:71-80. [PMID: 31054894 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is usually CD23 negative, a feature helpful in distinguishing MCL from chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. However, a subset of MCL cases can be CD23+. Limited data are available regarding the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with CD23+ MCL. In this study, we reviewed 798 cases of MCL and identified 103 (13%) that were CD23+ by flow cytometry, all of which were positive for cyclin D1 and/or associated with CCND1/IGH. In all cases of CD23+ MCL, CD23 expression was dim partial or dim, unlike moderate to bright CD23 expression observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. The clinicopathological features and outcome of patients with CD23+ MCL were compared with 240 patients with typical MCL negative for CD23. Patients with CD23+ MCL more often had an elevated leukocyte count (33% versus 18%, P = .009), bone marrow involvement (89% versus 78%, P = .02), stage 4 disease (87% versus 77%, P = .03), and a leukemic presentation (42% versus 11%, P = .0001). CD23+ MCL was also more often positive for CD200 (17% versus. 4.6%, P = .0005) and less commonly positive for SOX11 (55% versus. 74%, P = .027). All other clinicopathological features were similar. With similar treatment regimens and observation times, patients with CD23+ MCL had a significant better overall survival (P = .02) and progression-free survival (P = .029). In conclusion, CD23 expression was observed in 13% of MCL cases and is associated with a better prognosis in patients with MCL. CD23 is associated with leukocytosis, a leukemic presentation, bone marrow involvement, CD200 expression, and a lower frequency of SOX11 positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Saksena
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jiehao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Michael Wang
- Lymphoma and Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zhao J, Jiang L, Deng L, Xu W, Cao Y, Chen C, Yang Y, Wu H, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Huang H. Important roles of CD32 in promoting suppression of IL-4 induced immune responses by a novel anti-IL-4Rα therapeutic antibody. MAbs 2019; 11:837-847. [PMID: 30950681 PMCID: PMC6601543 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1601985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, as well as underlying structural changes to the airways. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a key T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine that plays important roles in the pathogenesis of atopic and eosinophilic asthma. We developed a novel humanized anti-IL-4Rα antibody that can potently inhibit IL-4/IL-13-mediated TF-1 cell proliferation. Using monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we revealed a critical role of CD32 in modulating the immune responses of monocytes in response to blockade of IL-4Rα signaling pathway. We, therefore, devised a new strategy to increase the efficacy of the anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody for the treatment of asthma and other atopic diseases by co-engaging CD32 and IL-4Rα on monocytic cells by choosing IgG classes or Fc mutations with higher affinities for CD32. The antibody with selectively enhanced affinity for CD32A displayed superior suppression of IL-4-induced monocytes’ activities, including the down-regulation of CD23 expression. Intriguingly, further analysis demonstrated that both CD32A and CD32B contributed to the enhancement of antibody-mediated suppression of CD23 expression from monocytes in response to blockade of IL-4Rα signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of IgE secretion from human PBMC by the antibody variants further suggests that the complex allergic inflammation mediated by IL-4/IL-4Rα signaling might result from a global network where multiple cell types that express multiple FcγRs are all involved, of which CD32, especially CD32A, is a key mediator. In this respect, our study provides new insights into designing therapeutic antibodies for targeting Th2 cytokine-mediated allergic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Liangfeng Jiang
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Lan Deng
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Xu
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Yang Cao
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Chen Chen
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Yang
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Huiling Wu
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuping Huang
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhenping Zhu
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
| | - Haomin Huang
- a Department of Antibody and Protein Engineering , 3sBio Inc , Pudong , Shanghai , China
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Yu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang YZ, Yan C, Wang XT, Li XC, Tang RX, Zheng KY. Membrane-bound IgE on B cells is increased during Clonorchis sinensis infection. Immunobiology. 2019;224:347-352. [PMID: 30987761 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A high level of serum IgE is a hallmark of helminthic disease. Secretory IgE can bind FcεRI or FcεRII/CD23. The combination of IgE and FcεRI, a high-affinity interaction, has long received attention and is believed to facilitate helminth control, while the properties of CD23-bound IgE have long been unexplored. Here, we established a Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection model with different mouse strains and investigated membrane-bound IgE on B cells during infection. We show that after infection, the increase in CD23 expression on B cells was obvious, even in relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, as well as in susceptible BALB/c and FVB mice. Although the serum IgE amount was lower in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c and FVB mice, the level of IgE binding to peripheral B cells was also elevated. Additionally, the IgE on B cells was soon undetectable in vitro due to dissociable binding. The results of the present study demonstrate the dramatic increase in CD23-bound IgE on B cells after C. sinensis infection. The significance of CD23-bound IgE in Ag transport and presentation has gained consideration in allergy development for its potential ability to promote the Th2 response. Therefore, even though the association of IgE and CD23 is not as substantial as that of IgE and FcεRI, membrane-bound IgE on B cells may be worth further study regarding clonorchiasis and other parasitic infections.
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Clarke S, Nagan Y, Prinsloo E, Oosthuizen V. An acidic loop within the human soluble CD23 protein may direct the interaction between sCD23 and the α Xβ 2 integrin. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2019; 1867:548-555. [PMID: 30902766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CD23 is involved in a myriad of immune reactions. It is not only a receptor for IgE, but also functions in the regulation of IgE synthesis, isotype switching in B cells, and induction of the inflammatory response. These effector functions of CD23 arise through its interaction with another leukocyte-specific cell surface receptor - the β2 integrin subfamily. It has been shown that CD23 is also capable of interacting with the β3 and β5 integrin β-subunit of integrins via a basic RKC motif in a metal cation-independent fashion. In this study the interaction was probed for whether or not the RKC motif governs the interaction between CD23 and the αXβ2 integrin as well. This was done by performing bioinformatic docking predictions between CD23 and αXβ2 integrin αI domain and SPR spectroscopy analysis of the interaction. This revealed that in the absence of cations, the RKC motif is involved in interaction with the integrin αI domain. However, in the presence of divalent metal cations the interaction showed the involvement of a novel acidic motif within the CD23 protein. This same pattern of interaction was seen in docking predictions between CD23 and the β3I-like domain. This study thus presents an alternative site as a possible contributor to the CD23-integrin interaction exhibiting cation-dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Clarke
- Nelson Mandela University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, South Africa.
| | - Yurisha Nagan
- Nelson Mandela University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Rhodes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, South Africa
| | - Vaughan Oosthuizen
- Nelson Mandela University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, South Africa
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Ohe R, Meng HX, Ye Aung N, Yamada A, Kabasawa T, Utsunomiya A, Tamazawa N, Tamura Y, Kitaoka T, Hashimoto T, Shibata K, Toubai T, Kimura W, Ishizawa K, Yamakawa M. Differential expression of estrogen receptor-α on follicular dendritic cells from patients with grade 1-2 and grade 3 follicular lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2019; 37:151-159. [PMID: 30736096 PMCID: PMC6593816 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hormone therapy has been used for patients with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)–positive breast cancers. Recently, some studies reported the expression of ERα on neoplastic cells from B‐cell lymphomas. However, there has been only one report of ERα expression on the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) that structurally and functionally support the microenvironment of follicular lymphomas (FLs). The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of ERα expression on FDCs in nonneoplastic reactive lymphoid tissues and to compare the frequency of ERα expression on FDCs in the axillary lymph nodes between patients with and without antiestrogen therapy and among patients with grades 1‐3 of FL. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect ERα mRNA in FL. In nonneoplastic germinal centers (GCs) from patients with tonsillitis or reactive lymphadenitis, ERα was expressed in the light zone. ERα‐positive cells strongly correlated with the width of GCs (rs = 0.81, P < 0.01) and the CD21‐positive (rs = 0.69, P < 0.01) and CD23‐positive (rs = 0.83, P < 0.01) FDC meshwork. The axillary lymph nodes had fewer ERα‐positive cells, smaller GCs, and a looser CD21‐ and CD23‐positive FDC meshwork with hormone therapy than without hormone therapy (P < 0.01). Neoplastic follicles of G1‐2 FL had more ERα‐positive cells and a larger CD23+ FDC meshwork than those of G3 FL (P < 0.01). ERα mRNA was detected in both G1‐2 FL and G3 FL by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, these results suggested that antiestrogen hormone therapy may decrease the number of ERα‐positive FDCs and that the responses mediated by the estrogen‐ERα interaction on FDCs may differ between G1‐2 FL and G3 FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Ohe
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hong-Xue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Naing Ye Aung
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kabasawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Aya Utsunomiya
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamazawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuka Tamura
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takumi Kitaoka
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological, General, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Toubai
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Yonezawa City Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Sutton BJ, Davies AM, Bax HJ, Karagiannis SN. IgE Antibodies: From Structure to Function and Clinical Translation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E19. [PMID: 31544825 PMCID: PMC6640697 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in mediating allergic reactions, and their powerful effector functions activated through binding to Fc receptors FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23. Structural studies of IgE-Fc alone, and when bound to these receptors, surprisingly revealed not only an acutely bent Fc conformation, but also subtle allosteric communication between the two distant receptor-binding sites. The ability of IgE-Fc to undergo more extreme conformational changes emerged from structures of complexes with anti-IgE antibodies, including omalizumab, in clinical use for allergic disease; flexibility is clearly critical for IgE function, but may also be exploited by allosteric interference to inhibit IgE activity for therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the power of IgE may be harnessed to target cancer. Efforts to improve the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies for cancer have almost exclusively focussed on IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, but IgE offers an extremely high affinity for FcεRI receptors on immune effector cells known to infiltrate solid tumours. Furthermore, while tumour-resident inhibitory Fc receptors can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, no inhibitory IgE Fc receptors are known to exist. The development of tumour antigen-specific IgE antibodies may therefore provide an improved immune functional profile and enhanced anti-cancer efficacy. We describe proof-of-concept studies of IgE immunotherapies against solid tumours, including a range of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of efficacy and mechanisms of action, as well as ex vivo and in vivo safety studies. The first anti-cancer IgE antibody, MOv18, the clinical translation of which we discuss herein, has now reached clinical testing, offering great potential to direct this novel therapeutic modality against many other tumour-specific antigens. This review highlights how our understanding of IgE structure and function underpins these exciting clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Heather J Bax
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Abdou AG, Asaad N, Aiad H, Shams A, Said A, Eldein MS. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of Cervical Lymph Node: A Challenging Diagnosis. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:143-145. [PMID: 31548927 PMCID: PMC6753701 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_57_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignant tumor that could arise in both nodal and extranodal sites, with only nine previously reported cases demonstrating cytologic features. In this report, we describe a case of FDCS in a 60-year-old female who presented with neck mass. Fine-needle aspiration cytology and subsequent core biopsy were suggestive of metastatic carcinoma. The cytologic features were epithelioid-to-spindle cell morphology, vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, intranuclear inclusions, and occasional binucleated and multinucleated forms. However, absence of cytokeratin expression was against the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. The definitive diagnosis was reached by the demonstration of CD21 and CD23 expression. The pathologist should be aware of this rare malignant tumor, especially its cytologic features in aspirated material. The differential diagnosis in the above case was metastatic carcinoma, melanoma, and malignant granular cell tumor. The demonstration of expression of one or more dendritic cell marker is the clue for the diagnosis, which could be applied on cytological preparations with sufficient material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Nancy Asaad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Hayam Aiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Shams
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Abdelnabei Said
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Marwa Serag Eldein
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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Chen Q, Ba YP, Zhou MH, Li SD, Zhang PW. [ CD23 on B cells determines Breg-facilitated IL-10 secretion as well as activation of T cells]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32:931-937. [PMID: 29921077 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore whether or not the IL-10 mediated by Bregs modulate the secreting T cells activation by the anti-CD23 antibody, to find a new target for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Method:The rat model of allergic rhinitis was established. Anti-CD23 antibody was used to observe the behavioral changes, passive skin allergen test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry serological indicators, systemic and nasal mucosa. Result:Compared with the blank control group, allergic rhinitis group rats sneezing, flexible nose, runny nose, subcutaneous mass increases;The levels of IL-10, IFN-γ and Bregs in blood decreased, the levels of IL-4, CD23+ B cells and CD4+ T cells increased;Nasal mucosa CD23 fluorescence intensity increased, CD19 and IL-10 fluorescence intensity decreased. Compared with the allergic rhinitis group, the number of sneezing, the frequency of nasal flexion, the symptoms of runny nose and the subcutaneous mass in the antibody intervention group were significantly improved;The levels of IL-10 in the blood, IFN-γ, the percentage of Bregs cells in whole blood increased, the levels of IL-4, CD23+ B cells and CD4+ T cells decreased;Nasal mucosa CD23 fluorescence intensity decreased, CD19 and IL-10 fluorescence intensity increased. There is little difference between the two routes of administration. Conclusion:The enhanced expression of CD23 on B cells is involved in the development of allergic rhinitis. The anti-CD23 antibody may control the symptoms and signs of allergic rhinitis. There is no significant difference between subcutaneous administration and improved nasal-drip way. As the preferred method of anti-CD23 antibody application, anti-CD23 is expected to become a new method to control and treat allergic rhinitis. Anti-CD23 antibodies can exert a therapeutic effect by T cell activation,which rely on the Bregs-mediated secretion of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Department of Rhinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450000,China
| | - Y P Ba
- Department of Rhinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450000,China
| | - M H Zhou
- Department of Rhinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450000,China
| | - S D Li
- Department of Rhinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450000,China
| | - P W Zhang
- Department of Rhinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450000,China
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Margatho D, Mota Carvalho N, Eloy L, Bahamondes L. Assessment of biomarkers in women with endometriosis-associated pain using the ENG contraceptive implant or the 52 mg LNG-IUS: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2018; 23:344-350. [PMID: 30372645 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2018.1531117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the serum levels of the following biomarkers in women with endometriosis-associated pelvic pain before and after six months of using the etonogestrel (ENG) contraceptive implant or the 52 mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS): cancer antigen (CA)-125, cluster of differentiation (CD) 23 and endometrial nerve fibre density. METHODS The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Campinas Medical School, Brazil. A total of 103 women with endometriosis-associated pain diagnosed by surgery, transvaginal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging were included. Endometrial nerve fibre density and serum levels of CA-125 and soluble CD23 were assessed before and after six months of using the allocated method and were correlated to 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for non-cyclical pelvic pain and dysmenorrhoea. RESULTS Both contraceptive methods significantly reduced concentrations of serum soluble CD23 and endometrial nerve fibre density (p < .001); however, CA-125 was significantly reduced only among users of the ENG implant (p < .05). No correlation was observed between reduction of biomarkers and improvement of VAS pain and dysmenorrhoea scores. No differences were observed between the ENG implant and the LNG-IUS. CONCLUSION Both progestin-only contraceptives significantly reduced two out of the three biomarkers evaluated. These two biomarkers could, therefore, be used as surrogate markers to follow up medical treatment of endometriosis-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Margatho
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Campinas Medical School , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Nelsilene Mota Carvalho
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Campinas Medical School , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Larissa Eloy
- b Department of Pathology , University of Campinas Medical School , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Luis Bahamondes
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University of Campinas Medical School , Campinas , Brazil
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Balbino B, Conde E, Marichal T, Starkl P, Reber LL. Approaches to target IgE antibodies in allergic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:50-64. [PMID: 29909239 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IgE is the antibody isotype found at the lowest concentration in the circulation. However IgE can undeniably play an important role in mediating allergic reactions; best exemplified by the clinical benefits of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) therapy for some allergic diseases. This review will describe our current understanding of the interactions between IgE and its main receptors FcεRI and CD23 (FcεRII). We will review the known and potential functions of IgE in health and disease: in particular, its detrimental roles in allergic diseases and chronic spontaneous urticaria, and its protective functions in host defense against parasites and venoms. Finally, we will present an overview of the drugs that are in clinical development or have therapeutic potential for IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Balbino
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eva Conde
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Neovacs SA, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Marichal
- GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France.
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Maďarová M, Mucha R, Hresko S, Makarová Z, Gdovinová Z, Szilasiová J, Vitková M, Guman T, Štecová N, Dobransky T. Identification of new phosphorylation sites of CD23 in B-cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2018; 70:25-33. [PMID: 29763855 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disorder in adults. Patients with B-CLL strongly express the CD23 - C type of lectin (low affinity IgE receptor, Fc epsilon RII), which is linked to B cell activation and proliferation. Phosphorylation in lymphocytes is tightly associated with regulation of protein activities, functional regulation and cell signaling, and may thus affect initiation and/or progression of the disease. Here we report changes in the phosphorylation of CD23 on threonine (pThr314) and two serine residues (pSer254, pSer265) in B lymphocytes of B-CLL patients, using a flow cytometry approach. The majority of tested patients with active forms of B-CLL presented a notable overexpression of CD23 along with pThr314, pSer254, and pSer265 CD23 phosphorylation positivity. Moreover, we have experimentally stimulated the CD23 phosphorylations in a subset of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy controls by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate treatment. This affects the activation of competent phosphorylation mediating kinases, resulting in the enhanced phosphorylation pattern. Together, these data confirm that CD23 protein is phosphorylated in B cells of B-CLL patients, report the identification of new CD23 phosphorylation sites, and suggest a possible role(s) of such phosphorylations in the activation of CD23 during the process of lymphocytic activation in B-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zuzana Gdovinová
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University, L. Pasteur University Hospital Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Szilasiová
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University, L. Pasteur University Hospital Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Vitková
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University, L. Pasteur University Hospital Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Guman
- Department of Hematology and Oncohematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Natalia Štecová
- Department of Hematology and Oncohematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, L. Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
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Maamary J, Wang TT, Tan GS, Palese P, Ravetch JV. Increasing the breadth and potency of response to the seasonal influenza virus vaccine by immune complex immunization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10172-7. [PMID: 28874545 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707950114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main barrier to reduction of morbidity caused by influenza is the absence of a vaccine that elicits broad protection against different virus strains. Studies in preclinical models of influenza virus infections have shown that antibodies alone are sufficient to provide broad protection against divergent virus strains in vivo. Here, we address the challenge of identifying an immunogen that can elicit potent, broadly protective, antiinfluenza antibodies by demonstrating that immune complexes composed of sialylated antihemagglutinin antibodies and seasonal inactivated flu vaccine (TIV) can elicit broadly protective antihemagglutinin antibodies. Further, we found that an Fc-modified, bispecific monoclonal antibody against conserved epitopes of the hemagglutinin can be combined with TIV to elicit broad protection, thus setting the stage for a universal influenza virus vaccine.
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Celiksoy MH, Sancak R, Yildiran A. The role of active B cells in allergen immunotherapy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:439-44. [PMID: 28236542 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in B lymphocyte subsets in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy. METHODS B lymphocyte subsets of patients before immunotherapy and one year after immunotherapy began were examined using the flow cytometric method. Age-matched healthy children served as the control group. RESULTS Twenty-two patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and 14 healthy, age-matched controls were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 13 years old (range: 6-20 years), and eleven (50.0%) were male. The median age of the healthy controls was also 13 years old (range: 7-17), and seven (50.0%) were male. In the age group from 11 to 15 years; the patients' relative and absolute counts of active and mature sensitive B cells were higher than those of the healthy children (p=0.027-0.012 and p=0.032-0.010, respectively) before immunotherapy. The relative and absolute counts of active B cells before immunotherapy were also significantly higher than those of after immunotherapy (p=0.001-0.001, p=0.025-0.037, and p=0.029-0.035, respectively). Before immunotherapy, the relative and absolute counts of mature sensitive B cells were significantly higher than those obtained after immunotherapy (p=0.024-0.006) in the 11-15-year-old age group. CONCLUSIONS Allergen immunotherapy directly influences B cell differentiation and causes a decrease in the count of active B cells. This finding is relevant because the B cell count can be used as a guide in the assessment of an individual patient's treatment response and also when determining whether to continue the immunotherapy.
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Roviezzo F, Sorrentino R, Iacono VM, Brancaleone V, Terlizzi M, Riemma MA, Bertolino A, Rossi A, Matteis M, Spaziano G, Pinto A, D'Agostino B, Cirino G. Disodium cromoglycate inhibits asthma-like features induced by sphingosine-1-phosphate. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:626-635. [PMID: 27713021 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests the involvement of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the pathogenesis of asthma. The systemic administration of S1P causes asthma like features in the mouse involving mast cells. In this study we investigated whether disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), administered as a preventative treatment as in human therapy, could affect S1P effects on airways. BALB/c mice, treated with DSCG, received subcutaneous administration of S1P. Bronchi and pulmonary tissues were collected and functional, molecular and cellular studies were performed. DSCG inhibited S1P-induced airway hyper-reactivity as well as pulmonary inflammation. DSCG decreased the recruitment of solely mast cells and B cells in the lung. IgE serum levels, prostaglandin D2, mucus production and IL-13 were also reduced when mice were pretreated with DSCG. S1P induced pulmonary expression of CD23 on T and B cells, that was reversed by DSCG. Conversely, S1P failed to upregulate CD23 in mast cell-deficient Kit W-sh/W-sh mice. In conclusion we have shown that DSCG inhibits S1P-induced asthma like features in the mouse. This beneficial effect is due to a regulatory action on mast cell activity, and in turn to an inhibition of IgE-dependent T and B cells responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michela Terlizzi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bertolino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Matteis
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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García-Serna AM, Alcaraz-García MJ, Ruiz-Lafuente N, Sebastián-Ruiz S, Martínez CM, Moya-Quiles MR, Minguela A, García-Alonso AM, Martín-Orozco E, Parrado A. Dock10 regulates CD23 expression and sustains B-cell lymphopoiesis in secondary lymphoid tissue. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1343-1350. [PMID: 27502165 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dock10, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, affects cell morphology, membrane protrusive activity, and cell movement. Dock10 is prominently expressed in lymphoid tissue and upregulated by IL-4 in B cells. To investigate the physiological role of Dock10, WT mice and Dock10 KO mice were used. KO mice showed decreased numbers of B cells in spleen, both follicular B cells and marginal zone B cells, and in peripheral blood, but not in bone marrow. The antiapoptotic effect of IL-4 in vitro, the migratory response to CXCL13 or CCL21 in vitro, and the whole genome expression profile were intact in spleen B cells from KO mice. CD23, the low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E, was overexpressed on follicular B cells from KO mice, suggesting that Dock10 negatively regulates membrane CD23 expression. Negative regulation of CD23 expression by Dock10 could play a role in B cell maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara-María García-Serna
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-José Alcaraz-García
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Ruiz-Lafuente
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Sebastián-Ruiz
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos-Manuel Martínez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Grupo de Cirugía Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERedh), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana-María García-Alonso
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Orozco
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Parrado
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
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