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Alavi-Borazjani SA, de Faria Gomes HGM, da Cruz Tarelho LA, Capela MI. Application of Doehlert design in optimizing the solid-state hydrogenogenic stage augmented with biomass fly ash in a two-stage biohythane production process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:879-891. [PMID: 37058245 PMCID: PMC10156780 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the solid-state hydrogenogenic stage supplemented with biomass fly ash in a two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) process for biohythane production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Doehlert's experimental design was used to obtain the optimal set of two investigated variables, namely total solids (TS) content and biomass fly ash dosage in the defined ranges of 0-20 g/L and 20-40%, respectively. Applying the optimal conditions of TS content (29.1%) and fly ash dosage (19.2 g/L) in the first stage led not only to a total H2 yield of 95 mL/gVSadded, which was very close to the maximum H2 yield predicted by the developed model (97 mL/gVSadded), but also to a high CH4 yield of 400 mL/gVSadded (76% of the theoretical CH4 yield). Moreover, the biohythane obtained from the optimized two-stage process met the standards of a biohythane fuel with an H2 content of 19% v/v.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Azadeh Alavi-Borazjani
- Department of Environment and Planning/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Helena Gil Martins de Faria Gomes
- Department of Environment and Planning/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís António da Cruz Tarelho
- Department of Environment and Planning/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Capela
- Department of Environment and Planning/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Nunes RF, Metolina P, Teixeira ACSC. Dodecylpyridinium chloride removal by persulfate activation using UVA radiation or temperature: experimental design and kinetic modeling. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:68229-68243. [PMID: 34264490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) by SO4•- and HO• radicals, generated by UVA and thermal-activated persulfate (PS) was investigated. Temperatures of 30-50°C were used for the heat activation of PS. In the case of UVA/PS, the effects of [PS]0 and specific photon emission rate (EP,0) were studied through a Doehlert design coupled with statistical analysis and response surface methodology. The results showed high DPC removal (99.8%) and pseudo-first-order degradation rate (kobs = 0.0971 min-1) for [DPC]0 = 4.60 ± 0.11 mg L-1, [PS]0 = 7.75 mmol L-1, and EP,0 = 0.437 μmol photons L-1 s-1, with a major role of SO4•- radicals in comparison with HO•. The specific DPC degradation rate found under these conditions was higher than that observed for thermal activation at 50°C and [PS]0 = 5.5 mmol L-1 (kobs = 0.0712 min-1) over the same time, although complete DPC removal was also achieved in the latter. The positive effect of EP,0 on DPC degradation by the UVA/PS process depends on PS concentrations, with kobs values increasing linearly with [PS]0 in the range 7.75-10 mmol L-1, whereas lower EP,0 values can be compensated by increasing [PS]0 up to about 10 mmol L-1, without significant scavenging. The second-order rate constants of DPC with HO• and SO4•-, estimated by comprehensive kinetic modeling, were 8.26 × 109 and 4.44 × 109 L mol-1 s-1, respectively. Furthermore, higher [DPC]0 would negatively affect the DPC degradation rate by the UVA/PS process, while 62% DPC removal was obtained in WWTP water, which can be considered good given the complexity of the real matrix. Finally, our results shed light on the possibility of using available UVA radiation (4.5%) in solar irradiance on the Earth's surface, making this treatment process more sustainable and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Frinhani Nunes
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, 380, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Metolina
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, 380, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, 380, Brazil
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Nogueira LS, Tavares IMDC, Santana NB, Ferrão SPB, Teixeira JM, Costa FS, Silva TP, Pereira HJV, Irfan M, Bilal M, de Oliveira JR, Franco M. Thermostable trypsin-like protease by Penicillium roqueforti secreted in cocoa shell fermentation: Production optimization, characterization, and application in milk clotting. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2069-2080. [PMID: 34617635 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased demand for cheese and the limited availability of calf rennet justifies the search for milk-clotting enzymes from alternative sources. Trypsin-like protease by Penicillium roqueforti was produced by solid-state fermentation using cocoa shell waste as substrate. The production of a crude enzyme extract that is rich in this enzyme was optimized using a Doehlert-type multivariate experimental design. The biochemical characterization showed that the enzyme has excellent activity and stability at alkaline pH (10-12) and an optimum temperature of 80°C, being stable at temperatures above 60°C. Enzymatic activity was maximized in the presence of Na+ (192%), Co2+ (187%), methanol (153%), ethanol (141%), and hexane (128%). Considering the biochemical characteristics obtained and the milk coagulation activity, trypsin-like protease can be applied in the food industry, such as in milk clotting and in the fabrication of cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Santana Nogueira
- Department of Rural and Animal Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Nívio Batista Santana
- Department of Rural and Animal Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tatielle Pereira Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Trifi IM, Chaabane L, Dammak L, Baklouti L, Hamrouni B. Response Surface Methodology for Boron Removal by Donnan Dialysis: Doehlert Experimental Design. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11100731. [PMID: 34677497 PMCID: PMC8540363 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The removal of boron by Donnan dialysis from aqueous solutions has been studied according to response surface methodology (RSM). First, a preliminary study was performed with two membranes (AFN and ACS) in order to determine the experimental field based on different parameters, such as the pH of the feed compartment, the concentration of counter-ions in the receiver compartment, and the concentration of boron in the feed compartment. The best removal rate of boron was 75% with the AFN membrane, but only 48% with the ACS membrane. Then, a full-factor design was developed to determine the influence of these parameters and their interactions on the removal of boron by Donnan dialysis. The pH of the feed compartment was found to be the most important parameter. The RSM was applied according to the Doehlert model to determine the optimum conditions ([B] = 66 mg/L, pH = 11.6 and [Cl−] = 0.5 mol/L) leading to 88.8% of boron removal with an AFN membrane. The use of the RSM can be considered a good solution to determine the optimum condition for 13.8% compared to the traditional “one-at-a-time” method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlass Marzouk Trifi
- Laboratoire de Recherche Dessalement et Traitement des Eaux, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (I.M.T.); (B.H.)
| | - Lobna Chaabane
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est, UMR 7182, CNRS, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France;
| | - Lasâad Dammak
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est, UMR 7182, CNRS, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lassaad Baklouti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts at Al Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Béchir Hamrouni
- Laboratoire de Recherche Dessalement et Traitement des Eaux, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (I.M.T.); (B.H.)
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Trindade JS, Lemos VA, Mata Cerqueira UMF, Novaes CG, Araujo SA, Bezerra MA. Multivariate optimization of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for determination of copper and manganese in coconut water by FAAS. Food Chem 2021; 365:130473. [PMID: 34237574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, multivariate methodologies were applied in the optimization of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, aiming at the determination of Cu and Mn in coconut water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Some extractors (chloroform and CCl4), dispersants (ethanol, methanol and acetonitrile) and complexing agents (5-Br-PADAP and Dithzone) were previously tested in the extraction. A mixture design was used to optimize the component proportions formed by chloroform (10%), acetonitrile (76%), and 0.020% 5-Br-PADAP solution (14%). Doehlert design optimized the variables pH, NaCl, and buffer amounts for the extraction of both metals. The following analytical characteristics, respectively for Cu and Mn, were accessed: limit of quantification (4.83 and 3.32 µg L-1), enrichment factors (11 and 8 fold), and precision (6.6 and 6.0% RSD, n = 10). Addition/recovery tests of the analytes allowed to find values in the range of 96.5-120% for Cu and 99-107% for Mn.
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Cerqueira UMFM, Bezerra MA, Ferreira SLC, de Jesus Araújo R, da Silva BN, Novaes CG. Doehlert design in the optimization of procedures aiming food analysis - A review. Food Chem 2021; 364:130429. [PMID: 34284258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper is presented a review on the application of Doehlert design in the optimization of some of the steps of analytical procedures aimed the analysis of food samples. The theoretical principles and the main characteristics of this type of design are described. In addition, the main advantages and limitations of Doehlert design over other designs (Central Composite Design and Box-Behnken) and its application in the area of food analysis are discussed. Finally, to illustrate its potential, some examples of Doehlert design application in other areas of food chemistry without the purpose of analytical determination will be briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Almeida Bezerra
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luís Costa Ferreira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Jesus Araújo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Novaes da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão Novaes
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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Cunha ILC, Teixeira ACSC. Degradation of pesticides present in tomato rinse water by direct photolysis and UVC/H 2O 2: optimization of process conditions through sequential Doehlert design. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:24191-24205. [PMID: 33728601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of three pesticides, azoxystrobin (AZO), difenoconazole (DFZ), and imidacloprid (IMD), commonly found in the tomato rinse water, was studied through UVC (251-257 nm) and UVC/H2O2 photolysis. The results showed that direct photolysis follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, with total AZO and IMD removals within 15 min, using 21.8 and 28.6 W m-2, respectively, while the highest percentage of DFZ degradation was 51.7% at 28.6 W m-2 UVC. The estimated quantum yields were 0.572, 0.028, and 0.061 mol Einstein-1 for AZO, DFZ, and IMD, respectively. With regard to UVC/H2O2, total pesticide removal was achieved after 10 min, while optimal treatment conditions in relation to the pesticide removal rates, estimated through the sequential Doehlert design, were about [H2O2]0 = 130 mg L-1 and 26 W m-2. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays carried out with Allium cepa, for real industrial tomato rinse water sampled from washing belts did not show abnormalities during cell division, with total pesticides degradation after 15 min, demonstrating the potential application of the UVC/H2O2 process as a viable localized treatment with a focus on the possible reuse of treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora L C Cunha
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos S C Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Della-Flora A, Wilde ML, Thue PS, Lima D, Lima EC, Sirtori C. Combination of solar photo-Fenton and adsorption process for removal of the anticancer drug Flutamide and its transformation products from hospital wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2020; 396:122699. [PMID: 32344362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer drug Flutamide (FLUT) is widely used and is of great environmental concern. The solar photo-Fenton (SPF) process can be an effective treatment for the removal of this type of micropollutant. The use of a single addition of 5 mg L-1 of Fe2+ and 50 mg L-1 of H2O2 achieved 20% primary degradation and only 3.05% mineralization. By using three additions of 5 mg L-1 Fe2+, with an initial H2O2 concentration of 150 mg L-1, 58% primary degradation was achieved, together with 12.07% mineralization. Consequently, thirteen transformation products (TPs) were formed. The SPF process was further combined with adsorption onto avocado seed activated carbon (ASAC) as an environmentally friendly approach for the removal of remained FLUT and the TPs. Doehlert design was used to assess the behavior of 13 TPs by optimizing the contact time and the adsorbent mass load. The optimal conditions for removal of FLUT and the TPs were 14 mg of ASAC and a contact time of 40 min. Remained FLUT and the TPs were totally removed using the adsorption process. The mechanisms of adsorption of FLUT and the TPs were strongly influenced by their polarity and π-π interactions of the TPs onto ASAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Della-Flora
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Wilde
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pascal S Thue
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder C Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Menezes BS, Solidade LS, Conceição AA, Santos Junior MN, Leal PL, de Brito ES, Canuto KM, Mendonça S, de Siqueira FG, Marques LM. Pigment production by Fusarium solani BRM054066 and determination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AMB Express 2020; 10:117. [PMID: 32613282 PMCID: PMC7329961 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal kingdom has been widely studied as a source of bioactive compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical and food industry. This paper studies the production of natural red pigments by Fusarium solani BRM054066 in the submerged fermentation system, using Doehlert experimental design to determine optimal cultivation conditions. The chemical composition of the red pigment was determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to sequester of free radical DPPH. In the analysis of anti-inflammatory activity, murine peritoneal macrophages activated by LPS were used, and the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 was determined using qPCR. As a result, it was found that agitation at 200 rpm and glucose concentration ≥ 20 g/L promote the best results in the production of red pigment. The chemical compounds identified were two naphthoquinones, fusarubin and dihydrofusarubin, and an anthraquinone, a bostrycoidin, being fusarubin the majority compound. The red pigment showed antioxidant activity by scavenge 50% of the DPPH radical, in a concentration of 24 µg/mL. The pigment also showed an effective anti-inflammatory capacity by reducing the overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-17, in murine macrophages activated by LPS (p < 0.05). According to the results, the fungus F. solani BRM054066, under optimized conditions of cultivation, proved to be a promising source of biologically active natural pigments with wide industrial applicability.
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Palharim PH, Graça CAL, Teixeira ACSC. Comparison between UVA- and zero-valent iron-activated persulfate processes for degrading propylparaben. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:22214-22224. [PMID: 32124285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatments are not efficient in removing parabens, which may thus end up in surface waters, posing a threat to aquatic biota and human health. As an alternative treatment, persulfate (PS)-driven advanced oxidation technologies have gained growing attention for removing these pollutants. In this study, the degradation of propylparaben (PrP) by UVA- and zero-valent iron (ZVI)-activated persulfate was investigated. The effects of initial PS concentration ([PS]0) and irradiance or ZVI concentration were explored using the Doehlert experimental design. For the UVA-activated system, the specific PrP degradation rate (k) and percent removal were consistently higher for increasing [PS]0 and irradiance, varying in the ranges 0.0053-0.0192 min-1 and 37.9-77.3%, respectively. In contrast, extremely fast PrP degradation was achieved through the ZVI/PS process (0.3304 < k < 0.9212 min-1), with removal percentages above 97.5%; in this case, paraben degradation was hindered for a ZVI dosage beyond 40 mg L-1. Regarding toxicity, ECOSAR predictions suggest that the degradation products elucidated by LC-MS/MS are less toxic than PrP toward fish, daphnid, and green algae. In addition, both processes showed to be strongly dependent on the water matrix, being ZVI/PS more impacted for a MBR effluent, although its performance was much better than that exhibited by the UVA-driven process (t1/2 of 65.4 and 276.1 min, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila H Palharim
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, tv 3, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Cátia A L Graça
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Antonio C S C Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, tv 3, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
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Zanolla D, Perissutti B, Vioglio PC, Chierotti MR, Gigli L, Demitri N, Passerini N, Albertini B, Franceschinis E, Keiser J, Voinovich D. Exploring mechanochemical parameters using a DoE approach: Crystal structure solution from synchrotron XRPD and characterization of a new praziquantel polymorph. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 140:105084. [PMID: 31626966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A rotated Doehlert matrix was utilized to explore the experimental design space around the milling parameters of Praziquantel (PZQ) polymorph B formation in terms of frequency and milling time. Three experimental responses were evaluated on the resulting ground samples: two quantitative responses, i.e. median particle size by Laser Light scattering (LLS) and drug recovery by HPLC, and one qualitative dependent variable, i.e. the obtained PZQ crystalline form, characterized through X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Temperature inside the jars was kept under constant control during the milling process by using temperature sensor equipped jars (thermojars), thus allowing evaluation of the obtained solid states at each experimental point, considering the specific temperature of the process. This explorative analysis led to the finding of a novel PZQ polymorph, named "Form C", produced without degradation, then fully characterized, including by means of Synchrotron XRPD, Polarimetric, FT-IR, SS-NMR, ESEM and saturation solubility. Crystal structure was solved from XRPD data and its geometry was optimized by DFT calculations (CASTEP). Finally, Form C and Form A activity against adult schistosoma mansoni were compared through in vitro testing, and Form C's physical stability checked. The new polymorph, crystallizing in space group I2/c, physically stable for approximately 2 months, showed a m.p. of 106.84 °C and displayed excellent biopharmaceutical properties (water solubility of 382.69±9.26 mg/l), while preserving excellent activity levels against adult schistosoma mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Michele R Chierotti
- University of Torino, Dept. of Chemistry and NIS Centre, V. Giuria 7, Torino, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- University of Bologna Dept. of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, Via S. Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- University of Bologna Dept. of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, Via S. Donato 19/2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erica Franceschinis
- University of Padova Dept. of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, via Marzolo 5, Padova, Italy
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Helminth Drug Development Unit, Dept. Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Basel, Switzerland; Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Voinovich
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Liu M, Dong J, Shen Y, Zhang C, Fu D. Electrochemical mineralization of uric acid with boron-doped diamond electrode: Factor analysis and degradation mechanism. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124358. [PMID: 31330435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the mineralization performance and pathway of uric acid (UA) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes were investigated. The oxidation behavior of UA on BDD surface was firstly tested through cyclic voltammetry measurements. The individual and joint effects of four quantitative parameters (applied current density, NaHCO3 concentration, NaCl concentration and flow rate) on UA mineralization were then examined with Doehlert experimental design. The results acquired by statistical analysis revealed that NaCl concentration and applied current density displayed the most dominant roles on UA degradation, while the influences of NaHCO3 concentration and flow rate were statistically insignificant. As a result, the following optimal conditions were reached: applied current density of 7.80 mA cm-2, NaHCO3 concentration of 6.0 mM, NaCl concentration of 9.0 mM and flow rate of 600 mL min-1, which gave a TOC decay of 89.4%, a specific energy consumption of 125.36 KWh kg-1 TOC, a combustion current efficiency of 15.0% and an electrical energy per order of 35.79 KWh m-3 order-1 within 30 min of electrolysis. Further results from LC/MS analysis confirmed the ring rupture of UA during the electrolysis, due to the attack of hydroxyl radicals and active chlorine species. Accordingly, two plausible degradation pathways of UA in bicarbonate and chloride media on BDD anode were proposed respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiayue Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yawen Shen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Degang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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13
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Gouot JC, Smith JP, Holzapfel BP, Barril C. Grape Berry Flavonoid Responses to High Bunch Temperatures Post Véraison: Effect of Intensity and Duration of Exposure. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234341. [PMID: 31783632 PMCID: PMC6930521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate models predict an increase in the frequency and duration of heatwaves with an increase in intensity already strongly evident worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two heatwave-related parameters (intensity and duration) during berry ripening and identify a threshold for berry survival and flavonoid accumulation. A Doehlert experimental design was used to test three temperature intensities (maxima of 35, 46, and 54 °C) and five durations (3 to 39 h), with treatments applied at the bunch level shortly after véraison. Berry skin and seeds were analysed by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS) for flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, free flavan-3-ols, and tannins). Berries exposed to 46 °C showed little difference compared to 35 °C. However, berries reaching temperatures around 54 °C were completely desiccated, and all flavonoids were significantly decreased except for skin flavonols on a per berry basis and seed tannins in most cases. Some compounds, such as dihydroxylated flavonoids and galloylated flavan-3-ols (free and polymerised), were in higher proportion in damaged berries suggesting they were less degraded or more synthesised upon heating. Overall, irreversible berry damages and substantial compositional changes were observed and the berry survival threshold was estimated at around 50-53 °C for mid-ripe Shiraz berries, regardless of the duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Gouot
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)2-6933-4082
| | - Jason P. Smith
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Bruno P. Holzapfel
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Celia Barril
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (J.P.S.); (B.P.H.); (C.B.)
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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14
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Tchewonpi Sagu S, Huschek G, Bönick J, Homann T, Rawel HM. A New Approach of Extraction of α-Amylase/trypsin Inhibitors from Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), Based on Optimization Using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken Designs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193589. [PMID: 31590396 PMCID: PMC6803881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most consumed foods in the world and unfortunately causes allergic reactions which have important health effects. The α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) have been identified as potentially allergen components of wheat. Due to a lack of data on optimization of ATI extraction, a new wheat ATIs extraction approach combining solvent extraction and selective precipitation is proposed in this work. Two types of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Julius and Ponticus were used and parameters such as solvent type, extraction time, temperature, stirring speed, salt type, salt concentration, buffer pH and centrifugation speed were analyzed using the Plackett-Burman design. Salt concentration, extraction time and pH appeared to have significant effects on the recovery of ATIs (p < 0.01). In both wheat cultivars, Julius and Ponticus, ammonium sulfate substantially reduced protein concentration and inhibition of amylase activity (IAA) compared to sodium chloride. The optimal conditions with desirability levels of 0.94 and 0.91 according to the Doehlert design were: salt concentrations of 1.67 and 1.22 M, extraction times of 53 and 118 min, and pHs of 7.1 and 7.9 for Julius and Ponticus, respectively. The corresponding responses were: protein concentrations of 0.31 and 0.35 mg and IAAs of 91.6 and 83.3%. Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis showed that the extracted ATIs masses were between 10 and 20 kDa. Based on the initial LC-MS/MS analysis, up to 10 individual ATIs were identified in the extracted proteins under the optimal conditions. The positive implication of the present study lies in the quick assessment of their content in different varieties especially while considering their allergenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorel Tchewonpi Sagu
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Gerd Huschek
- IGV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, D-14558 Nuthetal OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
| | - Josephine Bönick
- IGV-Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 40/41, D-14558 Nuthetal OT Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
| | - Thomas Homann
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Harshadrai M Rawel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany.
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15
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Tabaraki R, Heidarizadi E. Simultaneous biosorption of Arsenic (III) and Arsenic (V): Application of multiple response optimizations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 166:35-41. [PMID: 30243045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, simultaneous biosorption of As(III) and As(V) by Sargassum glaucescens was optimized using multiple response optimizations and Doehlert experimental design. The optimum condition for simultaneous biosorption of As(III) and As(V) were: biosorbent dosage 0.47 g L-1, pH 5.9 and initial concentration 120.34 mg L-1 with maximum overall desirability of 0.94. Different isotherms were fitted to biosorption equilibrium data and the Freundlich isotherm was the most suitable model. Based on thermodynamic study, the biosorption of arsenic species onto alga was endothermic and spontaneous. Kinetic results indicated that intraparticle diffusion model was the best kinetic model. Biosorption capacity of S. glaucescens and other biosorbents were also compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Iran.
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16
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Hamedi R, B G Aghaie A, Hadjmohammadi MR. Magnetic core micelles as a nanosorbent for the efficient removal and recovery of three organophosphorus pesticides from fruit juice and environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2037-2045. [PMID: 29377628 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate coated amino-functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were used as an efficient adsorbent for rapid removal and preconcentration of three important organophosphorus pesticides, chlorpyrifos, diazinon and phosalone, by ultrasound-assisted dispersive magnetic solid-phase microextraction. Fabrication of amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was certified by characteristic analyses, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Affecting parameters on the removal efficiency were investigated and optimized through half-fractional factorial design and Doehlert design, respectively. The analysis of analytes was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Under the optimum conditions, extraction recoveries for 20 ng/mL of organophosphorus pesticides were in the range of 84-97% with preconcentration factors in the range of 134-155. Replicating the experiment in above condition for five times gave the relative standard deviations <6%. The calibration curves showed high linearity in the range of 0.2-700 ng/mL and the limits of detection were in the range of 0.08-0.13 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for both removal and trace determination of these three organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water and fruit juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Hamedi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali B G Aghaie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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17
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Graça CAL, Correia de Velosa A, Teixeira ACSC. Role of Fe(III)-carboxylates in AMZ photodegradation: A response surface study based on a Doehlert experimental design. Chemosphere 2017; 184:981-991. [PMID: 28658741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical redox reactions of Fe(III) complexes in surface waters are important sources of radical species, therefore contributing to the sunlight-driven elimination of waterborne recalcitrant contaminants. In this study, the effects of three Fe(III)-carboxylates (i.e., oxalate, citrate, and tartrate) on the UVA photoinduced oxidation of the herbicide amicarbazone (AMZ) were investigated. A Doehlert experimental design was applied to find the Fe(III):ligand ratios and pH that achieved the fastest AMZ degradation rate. The results indicated optimal ratios of 1:10 (Fe(III):oxalate), 1:4 (Fe(III):citrate), and 1:1 (Fe(III):tartrate), with the [Fe(III)]0 set at 0.1 mmol L-1 and the best pH found to be 3.5 for all the complexes. In addition, a statistical model that predicts the observed degradation rate constant (kobs) as a function of pH and Fe(III):carboxylate ratio was obtained for each complex, enabling AMZ-photodegradation predictions based on these two variables. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such models are proposed. Not only the pH-dependent speciation of Fe(III) in solution but also the time profiles of photogenerated OH, Fe(II), and H2O2 gave appropriate support to the experimental results. Additional experiments using a sampled sewage treatment plant effluent suggest that the addition of aqua and/or Fe(III)-oxalate complexes to the matrix may also be effective for AMZ removal from natural waters in case their natural occurrence is not high enough to promote pollutant degradation. Therefore, the inclusion of Fe(III)-complexes in investigations dealing with the environmental fate of emerging pollutants in natural waterbodies is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia A L Graça
- Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Lopes LMDM, Costa Batista LH, Gouveia MJ, Leite TCC, de Mello MRF, de Assis SA, de Sena AR. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, and partial characterization of the crude extract of tannase produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMB 520. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1068-1075. [PMID: 28931328 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1380010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tannase can be used in different industrial sectors such as in food (juices and wine) and pharmaceutical production (trimethoprim) because it catalyses the hydrolysis of hydrolysable tannins. The aim of the current study is to assess the tannase found in the crude extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMB 520, and to set its catalytic and thermodynamic properties. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.0 and temperature 30 °C. Tannase was activated by Na+, Ca2+, K+ at 5 × 10-3 mol/L. The half-life at 30 °C was 3465.7 min. The activation energy was 40.32 kJ/mol. The Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy at 30 °C were 85.40, 48.10 and -0.12 kJ/mol K, respectively. Our results suggest that the tannase found in the crude extract of S. cerevisiae is an attractive enzyme for industrial applications, such as for beverage manufacturing and gallic acid production, due its catalytic and thermodynamic properties (heat-stable and resistant to metal ions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúzia Morgana de Melo Lopes
- a Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Education , Science and Technology Institute of Pernambuco , Barreiros , Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Juliano Gouveia
- a Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Education , Science and Technology Institute of Pernambuco , Barreiros , Brazil
| | - Tonny Cley Campos Leite
- a Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Education , Science and Technology Institute of Pernambuco , Barreiros , Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Aparecida de Assis
- b Enzymology Laboratory, Department of Health , State University of Feira de Santana , Feira de Santana , Brazil
| | - Amanda Reges de Sena
- a Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Education , Science and Technology Institute of Pernambuco , Barreiros , Brazil
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19
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Nde DB, Boldor D, Astete C, Muley P, Xu Z. Oil extraction from sheanut (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn C.F.) kernels assisted by microwaves. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:1424-34. [PMID: 27570267 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Shea butter, is highly solicited in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chocolates and biodiesel formulations. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of butter from sheanut kernels was carried using the Doehlert's experimental design. Factors studied were microwave heating time, temperature and solvent/solute ratio while the responses were the quantity of oil extracted and the acid number. Second order models were established to describe the influence of experimental parameters on the responses studied. Under optimum MAE conditions of heating time 23 min, temperature 75 °C and solvent/solute ratio 4:1 more than 88 % of the oil with a free fatty acid (FFA) value less than 2, was extracted compared to the 10 h and solvent/solute ratio of 10:1 required for soxhlet extraction. Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate the effect of microwave heating on the kernels' microstructure. Substantial reduction in extraction time and volumes of solvent used and oil of suitable quality are the main benefits derived from the MAE process.
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20
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Cai K, Cai B, Xiang Z, Zhao H, Rao X, Pan W, Lei B. Low-temperature derivatization followed by vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction for the analysis of polyamines in Nicotiana Tabacum. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2573-83. [PMID: 27145427 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic molecules that play a key role in many biological processes such as nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis, cell growth, and nicotine synthesis precursors. This work describes a rapid, sensitive, convenient, green, and cost-effective method for the determination of polyamines in Nicotiana tabacum by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The analytes were derivatized with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride at low temperature (about 4°C) and then extracted with vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction. The experimental designs based on quarter-fractional factorial design and Doehlert design were used to screen and optimize the important factors in microextraction process. Under the optimal conditions, the method was linear over 0.05-8.00 μg/mL with an r(2) ≥ 0.992 and exhibited good repeatability and reproducibility less than 6.0 and 6.9%, respectively. The limit of detection ranged between 0.013 and 0.029 μg/g. The newly developed method was successfully employed to analyze different leaf samples of Nicotiana tabacum, among which the polyamines contents were found to be very different. Moreover, tyramine, 1,3-diaminopropane, homospermidine, and canavalmine were tentatively identified with the electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of canavalmine in Nicotiana Tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cai
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | | | - Huina Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Rao
- Tobacco Technology Promotion Station, Zunyi County Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality & Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco
| | - Bo Lei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, CNTC, Guiyang, P.R. China
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21
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Heidarizadi E, Tabaraki R. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of synthetic dyes in food samples after cloud point extraction using multiple response optimizations. Talanta 2015; 148:237-46. [PMID: 26653445 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive cloud point extraction method for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of sunset yellow (SY), allura red (AR) and brilliant blue (BB) by spectrophotometry was developed. Experimental parameters such as Triton X-100 concentration, KCl concentration and initial pH on extraction efficiency of dyes were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Doehlert design. Experimental data were evaluated by applying RSM integrating a desirability function approach. The optimum condition for extraction efficiency of SY, AR and BB simultaneously were: Triton X-100 concentration 0.0635 mol L(-1), KCl concentration 0.11 mol L(-1) and pH 4 with maximum overall desirability D of 0.95. Correspondingly, the maximum extraction efficiency of SY, AR and BB were 100%, 92.23% and 95.69%, respectively. At optimal conditions, extraction efficiencies were 99.8%, 92.48% and 95.96% for SY, AR and BB, respectively. These values were only 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.27% different from the predicted values, suggesting that the desirability function approach with RSM was a useful technique for simultaneously dye extraction. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.02-4 for SY, 0.025-2.5 for AR and 0.02-4 μg mL(-1) for BB under optimum condition. Detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank (3Sb) was 0.009, 0.01 and 0.007 μg mL(-1) (n=10) for SY, AR and BB, respectively. The method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of the dyes in different food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Tabaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Iran.
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22
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Cai K, Hu D, Lei B, Zhao H, Pan W, Song B. Determination of carbohydrates in tobacco by pressurized liquid extraction combined with a novel ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 882:90-100. [PMID: 26043096 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel derivatization-ultrasonic assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) method for the simultaneous determination of 11 main carbohydrates in tobacco has been developed. The combined method involves pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), derivatization, and UA-DLLME, followed by the analysis of the main carbohydrates with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). First, the PLE conditions were optimized using a univariate approach. Then, the derivatization methods were properly compared and optimized. The aldononitrile acetate method combined with the O-methoxyoxime-trimethylsilyl method was used for derivatization. Finally, the critical variables affecting the UA-DLLME extraction efficiency were searched using fractional factorial design (FFD) and further optimized using Doehlert design (DD) of the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were found to be 44 μL for CHCl3, 2.3 mL for H2O, 11% w/v for NaCl, 5 min for the extraction time and 5 min for the centrifugation time. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit of the method (LODs) and linear correlation coefficient were found to be in the range of 0.06-0.90 μg mL(-1) and 0.9987-0.9999. The proposed method was successfully employed to analyze three flue-cured tobacco cultivars, among which the main carbohydrate concentrations were found to be very different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Bo Lei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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23
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Zhang C, He Z, Wu J, Fu D. Chemometric study on the electrochemical incineration of nitrilotriacetic acid using platinum and boron-doped diamond anode. Chemosphere 2015; 130:1-7. [PMID: 25747300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the electrochemical incineration of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) at boron-doped diamond (BDD) and platinum (Pt) anodes. Trials were performed in the presence of sulfate electrolyte media under recirculation mode. The parameters that influence the degradation efficiency were investigated, including applied current density, flow rate, supporting electrolyte concentration and reaction time. To reduce the number of experiments, the system had been managed under chemometric technique named Doehlert matrix. As a consequence, the mineralization of NTA demonstrated similar behavior upon operating parameters on these two anodes. Further kinetic study indicated that the degradations followed pseudo-first-order reactions for both BDD and Pt anodes, and the reaction rate constant of the former was found to be higher than that of the latter. Such difference could be interpreted by results from fractal analysis. In addition, a reaction sequence for NTA mineralization considering all the detected intermediates was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Suzhou Academy of Southeast University, Dushuhu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhenzhu He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Degang Fu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Suzhou Academy of Southeast University, Dushuhu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Sagu ST, Nso EJ, Homann T, Kapseu C, Rawel HM. Extraction and purification of beta-amylase from stems of Abrus precatorius by three phase partitioning. Food Chem 2015; 183:144-53. [PMID: 25863622 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The stems of Abrus precatorius were used to extract a beta-amylase enriched fraction. A three phase partitioning method and a Doehlert design with 3 variables (ratio of crude extract/t-butanol, the ammonium sulphate saturation and pH) were used. The data was fitted in a second-order polynomial model and the parameters were optimized to enrich beta-amylase. Experimental responses for the modulation were recovery of activity and the purification factor. The optimal conditions were: a ratio of crude extract/t-butanol of 0.87 (v/v), saturation in ammonium sulphate of 49.46% (w/v) and a pH of 5.2. An activity recovery of 156.2% and a purification factor of 10.17 were found. The enriched enzyme was identified as a beta-amylase and its molecular weight was 60.1kDa. Km and Vmax values were 79.37mg/ml and 5.13U/ml, respectively and the highest activity was registered at a temperature of 70°C and a pH between 6 and 6.5. A significant stabilization of the beta-amylase was observed up to 65°C.
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Ardini F, Carro MD, Abelmoschi ML, Grotti M, Magi E. Multivariate optimization of a headspace solid-phase microextraction method followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of terpenes in Nicotiana langsdorffii. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1570-7. [PMID: 24723369 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of five terpenes (α-pinene, limonene, linalool, α-terpineol, and geraniol) in the leaves of Nicotiana langsdorffii. The microextraction conditions (extraction temperature, equilibration time, and extraction time) were optimized by means of a Doehlert design. The experimental design showed that, for α-pinene and limonene, a low temperature and a long extraction time were needed for optimal extraction, while linalool, α-terpineol, and geraniol required a high temperature and a long extraction time. The chosen compromise conditions were temperature 60°C, equilibration time 15 min and extraction time 50 min. The main analytical figures of the optimized method were evaluated; LODs ranged from 0.07 ng/g (α-pinene) to 8.0 ng/g (geraniol), while intraday and interday repeatability were in the range 10-17% and 9-13%, respectively. Finally, the procedure was applied to in vitro wild-type and transgenic specimens of N. langsdorffii subjected to abiotic stresses (chemical and heat stress). With the exception of geraniol (75-374 ng/g), low concentration levels of terpenes were measured (ng/g level or lower); some interesting variations in terpene concentration induced by abiotic stress were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ardini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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