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Zielinska N, Moryś J, Paulsen F, Koptas K, Triantafyllou G, Piagkou M, Olewnik Ł. Morphological variability of the pectoralis minor muscle. Study in human fetuses. Ann Anat 2024; 254:152264. [PMID: 38593907 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pectoralis minor muscle is located in the anterior thoracic wall. Typically, is constituted by a single belly originating from the 3rd to the 5th rib and inserted into the coracoid process near the origins of the biceps brachii shorth head and of the coracobrachialis muscle. The current study, on human fetuses, aims to detect all morphological muscle variants and to create a new classification system. MATERIAL AND METHODS Classical dissection of the thoracic wall and the upper limb was bilaterally performed on 25 (13 male and 12 female) human formalin-fixed fetuses aged 18-38 weeks of gestation. The spontaneously aborted fetuses were donated after parental consent to the Medical University anatomy program. The pectoralis minor muscle's morphology, the number of the muscle's bellies, their origins, and insertions, as well as the morphometric details of each belly of the pectoralis minor, were assessed. RESULTS The pectoralis minor was bilaterally found in all fetuses (50 cases). Three types of muscle were identified based on the number of muscle bellies. In type, I (typical anatomy), were classified the cases with a single belly (in 66%). This type was divided into two subtypes (Ia and Ib). In the subtype Ia, the single belly had a typical course, and in Ib, a proximal attachment was characterized by two small bellies connecting together and creating one muscular mass. In type II, two bellies (24%), and in type III, three bellies (10%) were identified. CONCLUSIONS Pectoralis minor is morphologically variable in the number of its bellies, its course, its origins, its insertions, and the location of its proximal attachments. The most common type (typical anatomy) was the type I represented by one belly. Other identified variants in the number of bellies by the present study may be hypothetically a result of prematurely terminated embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Zielinska
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Moryś
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Poland
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Koptas
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - George Triantafyllou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Piagkou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Kebiri H, Gholipour A, Lin R, Vasung L, Calixto C, Krsnik Ž, Karimi D, Bach Cuadra M. Deep learning microstructure estimation of developing brains from diffusion MRI: A newborn and fetal study. Med Image Anal 2024; 95:103186. [PMID: 38701657 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is widely used to assess the brain white matter. Fiber orientation distribution functions (FODs) are a common way of representing the orientation and density of white matter fibers. However, with standard FOD computation methods, accurate estimation requires a large number of measurements that usually cannot be acquired for newborns and fetuses. We propose to overcome this limitation by using a deep learning method to map as few as six diffusion-weighted measurements to the target FOD. To train the model, we use the FODs computed using multi-shell high angular resolution measurements as target. Extensive quantitative evaluations show that the new deep learning method, using significantly fewer measurements, achieves comparable or superior results than standard methods such as Constrained Spherical Deconvolution and two state-of-the-art deep learning methods. For voxels with one and two fibers, respectively, our method shows an agreement rate in terms of the number of fibers of 77.5% and 22.2%, which is 3% and 5.4% higher than other deep learning methods, and an angular error of 10° and 20°, which is 6° and 5° lower than other deep learning methods. To determine baselines for assessing the performance of our method, we compute agreement metrics using densely sampled newborn data. Moreover, we demonstrate the generalizability of the new deep learning method across scanners, acquisition protocols, and anatomy on two clinical external datasets of newborns and fetuses. We validate fetal FODs, successfully estimated for the first time with deep learning, using post-mortem histological data. Our results show the advantage of deep learning in computing the fiber orientation density for the developing brain from in-vivo dMRI measurements that are often very limited due to constrained acquisition times. Our findings also highlight the intrinsic limitations of dMRI for probing the developing brain microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Kebiri
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ali Gholipour
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rizhong Lin
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Signal Processing Laboratory 5 (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana Vasung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Calixto
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davood Karimi
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meritxell Bach Cuadra
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zielinska N, Tubbs RS, Gonera B, Georgiev GP, Paulsen F, Olewnik Ł. The tendon of the fibularis brevis muscle - Systematic overview and new classification system. Ann Anat 2024; 253:152208. [PMID: 38211662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The fibularis brevis muscle belongs to the lateral compartment of the leg. It originates from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula bone and it also is attached to the anterior intermuscular septum. Its insertion is normally located on the tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, on its lateral side. However, distal attachment of this muscle is morphologically variable. Different variations have been identified and some classification systems have been created for both adults and foetuses. Based on various literature references, we have created a new classification system and compared the frequency of each type. The main aim of this review is to present morphological variations of the fibularis brevis tendon with their clinical significance, especially in autografting in case of surgical treatment of fibularis brevis tendon rupture. The clinical aspect of this pathology and some medical cases will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Zielinska
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada; Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bartosz Gonera
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Georgi P Georgiev
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Queen Giovanna-ISUL, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Garção DC, de Souza Paiva MS, Corcinio KS. Variations in sural nerve formation and course in fetuses. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:189. [PMID: 37522997 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate variations regarding the formation and course of the sural nerve (SN). We dissected 60 formalin-fixed Brazilian fetuses (n = 120 lower limbs) aged from the 16th to 34th weeks of gestational age. Three incisions were made in the leg to expose the SN, and the gastrocnemius muscle was retracted to investigate the SN course. Statistical analyses regarding laterality and sex were performed using the Chi-square test. Eight SN formation patterns were classified after analysis. Type 4 (in which the SN is formed by the union of the MSCN with the LSCN) was the most common SN formation pattern. Although there was no statistical association between the formation patterns and the lower limb laterality (p = 0.9725), there was as to sex (p = 0.03973), indicating an association between anatomical variation and sex. The site of branch joining was in the distal leg most time (53.75%). In all lower limbs, the SN or its branches crossed from the medial aspect of the leg to the lateral margin of the calcaneal tendon (CT). Most often, the SN is formed by joining the MSCN and the LSCN in the distal leg. The SN or its branches ran close to the saphenous vein, crossed the CT from medial to lateral, and distributed around the lateral malleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Costa Garção
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
- Neurosciences Study Group, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
| | - Maria Stephany de Souza Paiva
- Neurosciences Study Group, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
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de Vareilles H, Rivière D, Mangin JF, Dubois J. Development of cortical folds in the human brain: An attempt to review biological hypotheses, early neuroimaging investigations and functional correlates. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 61:101249. [PMID: 37141790 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding of the human brain mostly takes place in utero, making it challenging to study. After a few pioneer studies looking into it in post-mortem foetal specimen, modern approaches based on neuroimaging have allowed the community to investigate the folding process in vivo, its normal progression, its early disturbances, and its relationship to later functional outcomes. In this review article, we aimed to first give an overview of the current hypotheses on the mechanisms governing cortical folding. After describing the methodological difficulties raised by its study in fetuses, neonates and infants with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we reported our current understanding of sulcal pattern emergence in the developing brain. We then highlighted the functional relevance of early sulcal development, through recent insights about hemispheric asymmetries and early factors influencing this dynamic such as prematurity. Finally, we outlined how longitudinal studies have started to relate early folding markers and the child's sensorimotor and cognitive outcome. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness on the potential of studying early sulcal patterns both from a fundamental and clinical perspective, as a window into early neurodevelopment and plasticity in relation to growth in utero and postnatal environment of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- H de Vareilles
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - D Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J F Mangin
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Dubois
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-UNIACT, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zielinska N, LaPrade RF, Olewnik Ł. Morphological variations of the calcaneal tendon: clinical significance. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:275. [PMID: 37016428 PMCID: PMC10074894 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcaneal tendon, the largest and strongest in the human body, is created by the common junction of tendons of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. It is not a homogenous structure, being represented by layers in various arrangements. Morphological variability can be seen in the connection between the aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius muscle and the soleus muscle. Some types of plantaris tendon can be associated with a higher possibility of Achilles tendinopathy. Moreover, the presence of accessory structures, such as an accessory soleus muscle or additional gastrocnemius muscle heads may result in symptomatic pathologies. The main aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the calcaneal tendon. Another aim is to present morphological variations of the calcaneal tendon and their clinical significance. Such information may be useful for clinicians, especially orthopedists, and surgeons. This review also provides an overview of embryological development and morphological variation among fetuses. Materials and methods: review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in five databases. Top quality tools were used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed. Research papers that made up the database of this review were analyzed, selected and assessed by two independently working researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Zielinska
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Klöppel E, Sinzato YK, Rodrigues T, Gallego FQ, Karki B, Volpato GT, Corrente JE, Roy S, Damasceno DC. Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pregnancy of Rats with Pregestational Diabetes and Their Offspring. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1241-1256. [PMID: 35999443 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies on vitamin D supplementation have been performed in experimental and clinical investigations considering gestational diabetes and/or vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy. However, the results are controversial and few present the effects and mechanisms of this micronutrient on pregestational diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy of rats with pre-existing diabetes and their fetuses. Pregestational diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats at birth. The adult diabetic and nondiabetic rats were orally administered with vitamin D (cholecalciferol) throughout the pregnancy. The diabetes status was monitored during pregnancy by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At the end of the pregnancy, pancreas and blood samples were collected for morphological analyses and lipid peroxidation measurements, respectively. The influence of vitamin D treatment on reproductive outcomes, fetal growth, and development were compared to those of untreated diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant rats. P < 0.05 was considered a significant statistical limit. The diabetic rats given vitamin D had a greater number of insulin-positive cells, contributing to reduced blood glucose levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations (TBARS-an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation), and increased reduced thiol group levels, contributing to suitable intrauterine conditions for better fetal development, which was confirmed by higher fetal viability rates. Thus, this study shows the effects and mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation on pre-existing diabetes in pregnant rats, confirming its beneficial effects on maternal redox status and glycemic control, and the decline of adverse maternal-fetal repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Klöppel
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Q Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Barshana Karki
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
- , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - José E Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Sayon Roy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
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Liu H, Li J, Cao X, Wang Y, Wen D, Dong F, Wang J, Li T. Effect of oval foramen restriction and premature contraction of the arterial catheter on right heart function of fetuses and infants. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14702. [PMID: 36624751 PMCID: PMC9825053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of fetal oval foramen restriction and premature contraction of the arterial catheter for the right heart function of fetuses and infants was studied by evaluating the right and left ventricular (RV/LV) ratios, the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) value, and the Tei index of right heart function parameters. Methods This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University (K20190116). We collected 257 fetuses between March 2020 and December 2021. Among these, 98 fetuses that did not have any heart abnormalities were assigned to group A, 91 fetuses with restriction of the left and right atrial channels were assigned to group B, and 68 fetuses with premature contraction of the arterial catheter were assigned to group C. The ventricular transverse diameter, the right heart TAPSE value and the Tei index of fetuses in late pregnancy and 90 days after birth were measured in the three groups, and the diagnostic value of each index for the right heart function injury was evaluated. P < 0.05 indicates significant. Results The P-value of the TAPSE value and Tei index of infants in BC and AC groups and postnatal infants were less than 0.05, which was significant. In the BC group, the RV/LV ratio of fetuses was compared when P > 0.05, which was not significant; however, P < 0.05 after birth was considered significant. For fetuses and postnatal infants in the BC group, the RV/LV ratio was negatively associated with the TAPSE value. However, it was positively associated with the Tei index; Diagnostic test results. To predict impaired right heart function after birth, TAPSE had low diagnostic value, RV/LV and Tei index had high diagnostic value. Conclusions Oval foramen restriction and premature contraction of the arterial catheter may affect the right heart function after birth and be related to the degree of the right heart enlargement. Although TAPSE prediction of the fetal and postnatal right heart function is limited, the RV/LV ratio and the Tei index can be used to predict impaired right heart function after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Dehui Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Life Science Research Center, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basci Med, Fouth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Gonera B, Borowski A, Zielinska N, Palac W, Paulsen F, Olewnik Ł. Embryological approach to the morphology of the ligamentum mucosum of the human knee joint. Ann Anat 2022; 244:151983. [PMID: 35853532 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ligamentum mucosum is a ligamentous structure within the synovial layer of the knee joint capsule. It usually arises from the infrapatellar fat pad and is inserted into the intercondylar notch of the femur. In recent years, more attention has been paid to this structure because of its clinical significance. Despite the growing attention, the complex morphology of the ligamentum mucosum has led to many misunderstandings among the scientists and clinicians. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to characterize the morphology of the ligamentum mucosum and its attachment points, classify it, and evaluate its prevalence. METHODS Classical anatomical dissection was performed on 70 lower limbs of human fetuses fixed in 10% formalin solution. Morphology was carefully assessed, and morphometric measurements were performed. The types revealed were classified. RESULTS The ligamentum mucosum was present in 100% of all 70 specimens examined. Two types were detected. Type I (65.71%) - "cord-like". This type was the most common and is characterized by a single longitudinal ligament. The proximal attachment of the ligamentum mucosum was located in the middle of the infrapatellar fat, and the distal attachment was at the tip of the intercondylar notch. Type II (34.29%) - "vertical septum". This type is less common, but its morphology is much more complex compared to type I. It is wider and thicker than type I. Proximally, it is attached to the infrapatellar fat pad and distally through the entire intercondylar notch down to the anterior surface of the anterior cruciate ligament. It divides the joint cavity into medial and lateral sides. CONCLUSION The ligamentum mucosum exhibits high morphologic variability, and the view that it is a vestigial remnant of the embryologic development of the knee should be reconsidered. We have proposed an anatomical classification of its types in human fetuses, which is a valuable addition to existing knowledge and will hopefully change the approach of clinicians and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gonera
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - A Borowski
- Clinic of Orthopaedic and Paediatric Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - N Zielinska
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - W Palac
- Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - F Paulsen
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Sechenov University, Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ł Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Li Y, Lu X, Yu N, Li A, Zhuang T, Du L, Tang S, Shi W, Yu H, Song M, Wei S. Exposure to legacy and novel perfluoroalkyl substance disturbs the metabolic homeostasis in pregnant women and fetuses: A metabolome-wide association study. Environ Int 2021; 156:106627. [PMID: 33991873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exist extensively and several of these have been verified to be toxic. Prenatal exposure to PFASs has attracted much attention. Metabolome-wide association analyses can be used to explore the toxicity mechanisms of PFASs by identifying associated biomarkers. OBJECTIVES To evaluate associations between the metabolites in maternal and cord serum and internal exposure to several common PFASs. METHODS Paired maternal and cord serum samples were collected from 84 pregnant women who gave birth between 2015 and 2016. Seven legacy and two novel PFASs were measured. A nontarget metabolomic method and an iterative metabolite annotation based on metabolic pathways were applied to characterize the metabolic profiles. Linear regression adjusted with the false discovery rate and covariates was used to indicate the associations. RESULTS A total of 279 features in maternal serum and 338 features in cord serum were identified as metabolites associated with PFAS exposure. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were two PFASs associated with more metabolites, while the two novel chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) showed less relevance to the metabolome. With pathway enrichment analysis, we found that three fatty acid metabolisms and retinol metabolism were correlated with PFAS exposure in maternal blood, and that sterol metabolism showed the correlation in both maternal serum and cord serum. CONCLUSIONS We identified metabolites and pathways in pregnant women and fetuses associated with the exposure to several PFAS, indicating a promising application for metabolome-wide association studies. Additional research is needed to confirm causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Taifeng Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Olewnik Ł, Zielinska N, Ruzik K, Podgórski M, Paulsen F, Diogo R, Polguj M. Morphological variability of the fibularis longus tendon in human fetuses. Ann Anat 2022; 239:151838. [PMID: 34637900 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The morphological variability of the fibularis longus tendon (FLT) in adults is well understood. However, no comprehensive classification exists in human fetuses. The goal of this study was to prepare the first comprehensive classification of the fibularis longus tendon based on its insertion in human fetuses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-seven spontaneously-aborted human fetuses were examined: 38 male, 56 female, a total of 94 lower limbs (Central European population). Age ranged from18-38 weeks of gestation at death. RESULTS The classification comprised three types of FLT. The most common type was Type I (49%), characterized by the single distal attachment. This type was divided into two subtypes (A-B): A - the tendon inserts to the lateral tubercle of the base of the 1st metatarsal bone, B - the tendon inserts to the head of the 1st metatarsal bone. The second most type was Type II, characterized by a bifurcated distal attachment (24.5%). This type was divided into three subtypes (A-C): A - the main tendon inserts to the lateral tubercle of the base of the 1st metatarsal bone and the accessory band inserts to the medial cuneiform bone; B - the strong, main tendon inserts to both the base of the 1st metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone, including the first metatarsal-cuneiform joint, and the accessory bands inserts to the fourth interosseus dorsalis muscle; C - the main tendon inserts to the lateral tubercle of the base of the 1st metatarsal bone and the accessory band inserts to the first interosseus dorsalis muscle. The rarest type was Type III, characterized by a trifurcated distal attachment: the main tendon inserts to the lateral tubercle of the base of the 1st metatarsal bone and the first accessory band inserts to the medial cuneiform bone and the second accessory bands inserts to the first interosseus dorsalis muscle. The anterior frenular ligament was observed in 16% of all cases, and posterior frenular ligament in 6.4%. CONCLUSION The FLT displays high morphological variability. The proposed classification consists of three main types, with Type I and Type II divided into sub-types; it also provides additional data regarding its accessory tendon bands.
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Waśniewska A, Olewnik Ł, Diogo R, Polguj M. Morphological variability of the plantaris muscle origin in human fetuses. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151794. [PMID: 34217832 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The plantaris muscle (PM) is a small, fusiform muscle located between the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and soleus muscle (SM). PM supports movements of the knee and ankle. This muscle presents a great variability, and also has a high clinical significance. Nevertheless, data concerns morphology and morphometry of the origin of PM in human fetuses are scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-seven spontaneously-aborted human fetuses (23 male, 24 female) aged 18-38 weeks of gestation were examined. The morphology and morphometry of the origin of PM were evaluated. RESULTS PM was present in 74 lower limbs (78.7%), and absent on 20 limbs (21.3%). We distinguished VI types of the proximal attachment of PM. Belly width and thickness, as well as thickness of the tendon and MT junction differed significantly between types of PM origin. CONCLUSIONS We distinguished six (I-VI) types of origin of PM in human fetuses. The most common type was type Ia, characterized by an attachment to the lateral head of GM, lateral femoral condyle and to the knee joint capsule. Our results of PM anatomical variation in fetuses will pave the way for detailed comparisons with studies carried out on adult cadavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Waśniewska
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rui Diogo
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michał Polguj
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Auriti C, De Rose DU, Santisi A, Martini L, Piersigilli F, Bersani I, Ronchetti MP, Caforio L. Pregnancy and viral infections: Mechanisms of fetal damage, diagnosis and prevention of neonatal adverse outcomes from cytomegalovirus to SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166198. [PMID: 34118406 PMCID: PMC8883330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some maternal infections, contracted before or during pregnancy, can be transmitted to the fetus, during gestation (congenital infection), during labor and childbirth (perinatal infection) and through breastfeeding (postnatal infection). The agents responsible for these infections can be viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi. Among the viruses most frequently responsible for congenital infections are Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex 1–2, Herpes virus 6, Varicella zoster. Moreover Hepatitis B and C virus, HIV, Parvovirus B19 and non-polio Enteroviruses when contracted during pregnancy may involve the fetus or newborn at birth. Recently, new viruses have emerged, SARS-Cov-2 and Zika virus, of which we do not yet fully know the characteristics and pathogenic power when contracted during pregnancy. Viral infections in pregnancy can damage the fetus (spontaneous abortion, fetal death, intrauterine growth retardation) or the newborn (congenital anomalies, organ diseases with sequelae of different severity). Some risk factors specifically influence the incidence of transmission to the fetus: the timing of the infection in pregnancy, the order of the infection, primary or reinfection or chronic, the duration of membrane rupture, type of delivery, socio-economic conditions and breastfeeding. Frequently infected neonates, symptomatic at birth, have worse outcomes than asymptomatic. Many asymptomatic babies develop long term neurosensory outcomes. The way in which the virus interacts with the maternal immune system, the maternal-fetal interface and the placenta explain these results and also the differences that are observed from time to time in the fetal‑neonatal outcomes of maternal infections. The maternal immune system undergoes functional adaptation during pregnancy, once thought as physiological immunosuppression. This adaptation, crucial for generating a balance between maternal immunity and fetus, is necessary to promote and support the pregnancy itself and the growth of the fetus. When this adaptation is upset by the viral infection, the balance is broken, and the infection can spread and lead to the adverse outcomes previously described. In this review we will describe the main viral harmful infections in pregnancy and the potential mechanisms of the damages on the fetus and newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Auriti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Umberto De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Santisi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Martini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fiammetta Piersigilli
- Department of Neonatology, St-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Iliana Bersani
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Ronchetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Caforio
- Fetal and Perinatal Medicine and Surgery Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus, Newborn and Infant - "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Sene LB, Damasceno DC, Rocha R, Iessi IL, Peraçoli JC, Volpato GT. Influence of Swimming Program on the Blood Pressure of Pregnant Hypertensive Rats and Their Fetuses. Reprod Sci 2021. [PMID: 33987823 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypertension incidence and its complication on pregnant women are growing and can lead to adverse consequences on their fetuses. However, it is known that regular exercise practice can be healthful to hypertensive pregnant women but harmful to fetal growth. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise beginning before pregnancy or during pregnancy on the maternal blood pressure and reproductive outcome and on the fetal development of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Pregnant SHR were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: (1) SHR-Control, non-exercised; (2) SHR-Ex0, rats submitted to physical exercise (swimming program) from day zero to 20 of pregnancy; (3) and SHR-ExPr, rats submitted to swimming program before and during pregnancy. At end of pregnancy (day 21), the rats were anesthetized, and reproductive parameters and fetal development were assessed. Blood pressure was reduced at the end of pregnancy in all the groups. Regardless of swimming exposure time, there was reduced maternal weight gain. The exercise decreased fetal weight at term pregnancy, with a higher percentage of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses and lower number ossification sites, indicating intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In conclusion, our findings provide insight to support that swimming exercise in pregnant SHR impairs fetal development, causing IUGR and visceral malformations. Therefore, the indication of physical exercise must be defined very carefully, as it can compromise fetal development.
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Waśniewska A, Olewnik Ł, Polguj M. Morphometric profile in fetuses and evolution of Achilles tendon. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:144-149. [PMID: 33577076 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Achilles tendon (AT) develops from the merge of the tendinous part of the gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus (SM) muscles. The AT is the structural base for the biomechanical work of the ankle joint. Understanding morphometry of the AT is crucial due to the tendon vulnerability to rupture and damage which requires further surgical repair and management. Despite its clinical significance, data concerns measurements of the AT in human fetuses are scare. The aim of our study was to assess the AT, GM and SM morphometry in human fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-seven spontaneously-aborted human fetuses (17 male, 20 female) aged 18-38 weeks of gestation were examined. The morphometry of the GM, SM and AT were evaluated. RESULTS No significant correlation between sex or side and size of the AT in human fetuses was observed. The only significant correlation was between sex and the length of the tendon of the SM, in 3rd trimester it was longer in male than in female. In 2nd trimester the SM muscle to tendon ratio was higher in female than in male. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant correlation between sex or side in size of the AT in human fetuses, probably due to scant muscle load during prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Waśniewska
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz.
| | - Ł Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz
| | - M Polguj
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz
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Li Z, Lv YD, Fang R, Li X, Luo ZQ, Xie LH, Zhu L. Usefulness of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in differential diagnosis of fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:822-829. [PMID: 33585628 PMCID: PMC7852640 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i4.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) are the most common lung diseases in fetuses. There are differences in the prognosis and treatment of CCAM and BPS, and the clinical diagnosis and treatment plan is usually prepared prior to birth. Therefore, it is quite necessary to make a clear diagnosis before delivery. CCAM and BPS have similar imaging features, and the differentiation mainly relies on the difference in supply vessels. However, it is hard to distinguish them due to invisible supplying vessels on some images.
AIM To explore the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential diagnosis of fetal CCAM and BPS.
METHODS Data analysis for 32 fetuses with CCAM and 14 with BPS diagnosed by prenatal MRI at Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital and Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 was performed to observe the source blood vessels of lesions and their direction. Pathological confirmation was completed through CT examination and/or operations after birth.
RESULTS After birth, 31 cases after birth were confirmed to be CCAM, and 15 were confirmed to be BPS. The CCAM group consisted of 21 macrocystic cases and 10 microcystic cases. In 18 cases, blood vessels were visible in lesions. Blood supply of the pulmonary artery could be traced in eight cases, and in 10 cases, only vessels running from the midline to the lateral down direction were observed. No lesions were found in four macrocystic cases and one microcystic case with CCAM through CT after birth; two were misdiagnosed by MRI, and three were misdiagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography. The BPS group consisted of 12 intralobar cases and three extralobar cases. Blood vessels were visible in lesions of nine cases, in four of which, the systemic circulation blood supply could be traced, and in five of which, only vessels running from the midline to the lateral up direction were observed. Three were misdiagnosed by MRI, and four were misdiagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography.
CONCLUSION CCAM and BPS can be clearly diagnosed based on the origin of blood vessels, and correct diagnosis can be made according to the difference in the direction of the blood vessels, but it is hard distinguish microcystic CCAM and BPS without supplying vessels. In some CCAM cases, mainly the macrocystic ones, the lesions may disappear after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Radiology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Dan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu Li
- Center of Imaging Diagnosis, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Hong Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Delpupo FVB, de Fúcio Lizardo JH, Baptista JDS. The anterolateral ligament of the knee is not a solid structure in human fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1117-1122. [PMID: 33416973 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate if the anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) is present in the human fetus and describe its topography along with other structures of the region. METHODS Forty human fetuses knee joints, at mean age 34 weeks (± 2.57 weeks), fixed in 10% formalin, were submitted to cross-sectional dissection and mesoscopic analysis. RESULTS The ALL was not identified, although the usual topography of the region was identified in all specimens: skin, subcutaneous tissue, iliotibial tract (ITT), fibular collateral ligament, popliteal muscle tendon, lateral meniscus, patellar ligament, infrapatellar fat pad, lateral patellar retinaculum, knee joint capsule, lateral inferior genicular vessels, and the biceps femoris tendon. The ITT reveals anterior (n = 12) and lateral thickening (n = 17) in some specimens. This thickening was found in both knees of the same subject in 6/20 specimens. CONCLUSION The anterolateral ligament of the knee is not a congenital or solid structure. Our results suggest that the ALL may be a deep layer of the ITT or part of the knee joint capsule, or its identification is evaluator dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Vieira Botelho Delpupo
- Laboratory of Applied Morphology-LEMA, Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hott de Fúcio Lizardo
- Laboratory of Applied Morphology-LEMA, Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Josemberg da Silva Baptista
- Laboratory of Applied Morphology-LEMA, Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruipe, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, 29043-900, Brazil.
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Kitamura K, Yamamoto M, Hirota Y, Sato N, Machida T, Ishikawa N, Yamamoto H, Murakami G, Abe S. Cervical nerve roots and the dural sheath: a histological study using human fetuses near term. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:451-459. [PMID: 33012725 PMCID: PMC7769102 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the thoracolumbar posterior nerve root shows a tortuous epidural course, based on studies of human fetuses near term. For comparison with the cervical nerve, examinations were conducted using frontal, sagittal and horizontal sections of cervical vertebrae from 22 fetuses at 30-38 weeks of gestation. The cervical nerve root showed a short, straight and lateral course near the zygapophysial joint. Multiple rather than single bundles of the cervical posterior root seemed to account for the majority of sensory nerve fibers innervating the upper extremity. Fasciculation of rootlets was evident near the thoracolumbar spinal cord, whereas it was seen in the dural pocket at the nerve exit from the dural sac although both sites were subdural. As in the thoracolumbar region, the nerve sheath was continuous with the dura mater and independently surrounded each of the anterior and posterior roots. Radicular arteries were few in the cervical region. In 2 of the 22 fetuses (31 weeks and 33 weeks), there was a segmental, unilateral abnormality of nerve rootlet fasciculation where the dorsal root ganglion was located lateral or peripheral to the intervertebral region. Long nerve roots running inferiorly are a necessary adaptation to the delayed and marked growth of the thoracolumbar vertebral column. In children, the cervical nerve roots are likely to be affected by movement or dislocation of the vertebrae. The segmental abnormality of the cervical nerve root may be linked to rare variations in the brachial plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kitamura
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Ishikawa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Internal Medicine, Jikou-kai Home Visit Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Luo J, Hao S, Zhao L, Shi F, Ye G, He C, Lin J, Zhang W, Liang H, Wang X, Guo H, He R, Tang H, Li Y. Oral exposure of pregnant rats to copper nanoparticles caused nutritional imbalance and liver dysfunction in fetus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 206:111206. [PMID: 32889309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) are increasingly used as an animal feed additive in China. In previous studies, it was determined that Cu NPs can penetrate the placental barrier, however, its toxic effects on the fetus have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the potential fetal toxic effects of Cu NPs. Cu NPs were orally administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats from gestation days (GDs) 3-18 at a dose of 60, 120, and 180 mg/kg/day. Cesarean sections were conducted on GD 19. During fetal examination, no toxicities were observed regarding general clinical signs, however, Cu NPs significantly decreased fetal body weight, body length, and liver weights. Cu ions and Cu MPs exhibited similar effects on the fetal development. Cu NPs increased the liver concentration of Cu, and decreased protein levels and Fe in fetuses. Cu NPs also increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the fetus after pregnant rats were exposed to high doses of Cu NPs. Oral exposure to Cu NPs during pregnancy increased Cu concentrations in the fetus, which not only affected fetal development, but also significantly induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in fetal liver. Taken together, these findings are valuable to evaluate fetal risk assessment after oral exposure of Cu NPs during pregnancy. Additional comprehensive toxicity studies are deemed necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; National Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Open Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Suqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changliang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Liang
- National Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Open Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ran He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Cheuquepán Valenzuela F, Recavarren M, Quintana S, Cantón G, Odeón A, Marin M, Morrell E. Improvement of Leptospira spp. diagnosis in aborted bovine fetuses by qPCR. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101555. [PMID: 33032190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a disease with major economic impact on livestock industry. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA by qPCR in bovine fetuses with presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis as the cause of abortion. Leptospira spp. DNA was detected by qPCR in 11 out of 34 fetuses. These specimens (10/11) had histopathological findings in hepatic and/or renal tissues compatible with leptospirosis. qPCR detection rate (32.4 %) was higher compared with direct immuno-fluorescence antibody test (DFAT) (11.8 %). The concordance coefficient between both techniques was 0.44. qPCR is a rapid and sensitive technique for the diagnosis of leptospirosis and improved the detection rate in fetal tissues compared with DFAT. Implementation of molecular techniques may increase the accurate detection of leptospirosis as a cause of bovine abortion allowing the application of rapid therapeutic and prophylactics measures in order to reduce the impact of this zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cheuquepán Valenzuela
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), CONICET - INTA, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Recavarren
- Instituto de Análisis Fares Taie, Rivadavia 3331, (7600), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Quintana
- Instituto de Análisis Fares Taie, Rivadavia 3331, (7600), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNMDP, Funes, 3350, (7600), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán Cantón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Marin
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), CONICET - INTA, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eleonora Morrell
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mohamed HRH, El-Atawy RH, Ghoneim AM, El-Ghor AA. Induction of fetal abnormalities and genotoxicity by molybdenum nanoparticles in pregnant female mice and fetuses. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:23950-23962. [PMID: 32304059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the uses of molybdenum (Mo) nanoparticles in a wide range of applications including food, industry, and medicine, resulted in increased human exposure and necessitated the study of their toxic effects. However, almost no studies are available on their genotoxic effects, especially on pregnant females and their fetuses. Therefore, this study was undertaken to estimate the possible induction of genotoxicity and fetal abnormalities, especially fetal malformations and skeletal abnormalities by Mo nanoparticle administration in mice. Oral administration of Mo nanoparticles resulted in significant decreases in the maternal body weight, the number and length of fetuses as well as skeletal abnormalities mainly less ossification and less chondrification. Administration of Mo nanoparticles also caused DNA damage induction which elevated the expression levels of p53, the vital gene in maintaining the genomic stability and cell differentiation in both maternal and fetus tissues. Similarly, the expression levels of E-Cad and N-Cad genes that control skeleton development have also been increased in the tissues of female mice administered Mo nanoparticles and their fetuses. Thus, we concluded that oral administration of Mo nanoparticles induced genotoxic effects and fetal abnormalities that necessitated further studies on the possible toxic effects of Mo nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza Egypt, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Radwa H El-Atawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University New Damietta Egypt, Damieta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ghoneim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University New Damietta Egypt, Damieta, Egypt
| | - Akmal A El-Ghor
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza Egypt, Giza, Egypt
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Nogueira DB, da Costa FTR, de Sousa Bezerra C, Soares RR, da Costa Barnabé NN, Falcão BMR, Silva MLCR, da Costa DF, Araújo JP, Malossi CD, Ullmann LS, Alves CJ, de Azevedo SS. Leptospira sp. vertical transmission in ewes maintained in semiarid conditions. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106530. [PMID: 32828405 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed disease associated with reproductive failures in livestock; however, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Results from the present study indicate there is a presence of Leptospira sp. in organs and fluids of fetuses from ewes slaughtered in the semiarid region of Brazil. Twenty-nine fetuses from 23 ewes determined to be Leptospira sp.-positive using PCR were sampled (14 and 15 in dry and rainy seasons, respectively). Fetal samples of blood, central nervous system (CNS), lung, liver, spleen, stomach contents, peritoneal fluid, kidney, bladder, urine and reproductive system were collected. Diagnostic methods included the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial isolation. Of the 29 fetuses, 24 (82.8 %) had at least one Leptospira sp.-positive organ or fluid, as determined using PCR, and of a total of 209 samples, 62 (29.7 %) contained leptospiral DNA. Of the 99 samples collected during the dry season, 42 (42.4 %) were positive, and of 110 samples collected during the rainy season, 20 (18.2 %) were positive (P = 0.0001). There was deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing of three samples of kidney, CNS and liver, and in all of these, there was 99.3 % similarity with Leptospira interrogans. Leptospires were present in cultures of pooled samples from fetuses with deformities. Results indicate there is vertical (maternal-to-fetus) transmission which would represent an alternative transmission route for the spread of Leptospira sp. in ewes, suggesting molecular detection is essential in the investigation of leptospirosis in fetuses to identify animals that have been infected with this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Batista Nogueira
- Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Center of Rural Health and Technology, UFCG, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Flávia Teresa Ribeiro da Costa
- Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Center of Rural Health and Technology, UFCG, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Camila de Sousa Bezerra
- Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Center of Rural Health and Technology, UFCG, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Soares
- Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Center of Rural Health and Technology, UFCG, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Brunna Muniz Rodrigues Falcão
- Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Center of Rural Health and Technology, UFCG, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Pessoa Araújo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNESP, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Dantas Malossi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNESP, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Sabrina Ullmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNESP, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clebert José Alves
- Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Center of Rural Health and Technology, UFCG, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Center of Rural Health and Technology, UFCG, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Maldonado Rivera JE, DeLay J, Hecker YP, Monterubbianesi MG, Cantón GJ, Campero CM, Odeón AC, Moore DP. Phenotypic characterization of immune cells in fetal tissues of cattle immunized and challenged with Neospora caninum. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 217:109955. [PMID: 31639586 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to characterize the cellular phenotype in inflammatory infiltrates of fetal tissues from pregnant heifers immunized and experimentally challenged with Neospora caninum. Fetuses from 20 heifers separated into 5 groups were obtained. The experiment was designed as follow: Group A, heifers inoculated intravenously with live tachyzoites of Argentine strain NC-6 (n = 4); Group B heifers inoculated subcutaneously with soluble native antigen from the same strain formulated with immune stimulant complexes (ISCOMs) (n = 4); Group C heifers inoculated with recombinant proteins, rNcSAG1, rNcHSP20, rNcGRA7 formulated with ISCOMs (n = 4), Group D heifers inoculated subcutaneously with sterile phosphate buffered solution (n = 4) and Group E heifers inoculated subcutaneously with antigen-free ISCOMs (n = 4). Experimental challenge was performed at 70 days of gestation and all heifers were euthanized 34 days later. Fetal tissues were taken for histological studies. Inflammatory lesions were observed in brain and lung, and immunhistochemistry was used to identify CD3+, CD20+ and MHC II+ cells. The majority of the cells that infiltrate and circumscribe the lesions in the brain and lung tissue expressed MHC II antigen; varying between 70-90% of the total cellular infiltrate. CD3+ cells were also present within the lesions, contributing to up to 30% of the inflammatory cells. CD20+ cells appeared as a marginal group, in some cases, with a range between 10 and 25%. As expected, the immunolabeling of MHC II + and CD3 + cells in fetal tissues was associated with fetal infection with N. caninum. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution and population of the inflammatory infiltrate in relation to the immunogenic treatment and the type of tissue, with inflammatory cells being markedly less extensive fetuses from group A (dams previously exposed to N. caninum) and in brain tissue. This work showed that Neospora-infection induced MHC II+ and CD3+ cells in bovine fetuses from dams receiving experimental vaccines.
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Nan Y, Liu ZY, Zhang J, Yang RQ, Yu QQ, Wang F, Fan LM. [Relationship between the choroid plexus cyst and the aneuploidy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 98:2987-2990. [PMID: 30392253 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.37.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Using the method of the ultrasound and the noninvasive DNA to find the relationship between the choroid plexus cyst and the aneuploidy, and to provide the meaningful data for prenatal consultant. Methods: A total of 112 cases, that the gestational age were between 13 and 20 weeks, which were diagnosed with choroid plexus cyst in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Second Hospital of Jilin University from January. 2016 to July. 2017 were tested by ultrasonography. They all accepted the noninvasive DNA. At the same time, a total of 100 normal fetuses were randomly involved in the control group by the combination of gestational age and the age of the pregnant woman, all of them had taken the non-invasive DNA examination and followed up until the birth. Those fetuses who combined with other malformations were induced labor in the two groups. If the results of noninvasive DNA indicated the high-risk, invasive examination for karyotype analysis were recommended. If the results were aneuploidy, they chose induced labor. The rest cases followed up until the birth. Results: Five cases of the 112 fetuses in the case group were found with obvious malformation (3 of them were found in the early trimester, 2 of them were found in the middle trimester). The numbers of high risk results of noninvasive DNA were 7, and 5 of them underwent the invasive karyotype analysis. When the aneuploidy had diagnosed definitely, induced labor had been taken. One case was found to be the aneuploidy in the control group, and took the induced labor. One case was diagnosed as right side aortic arch by ultrasound in the control group, with a good prognosis. The other cases were followed up until the birth with a good prognosis. Conclusions: (1)In the early trimester, the fetus with choroid plexus cyst has an increasing risk of aneuploidy. (2)When the maximum diameter of choroid plexus cyst is less than 1 cm and the cyst was single, most of them could disappear in the middle trimester, it has no effect on the fetus. (3)Noninvasive DNA test has a high accuracy, which can improve the positive rate of invasive examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Nan Y, Liu ZY, Zhang J, Yang RQ, Wang F, Yu QQ, Fan LM. [Relationship between sonographic markers and fetal chromosome abnormality during 16-18 weeks of pregnancy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 98:3320-3323. [PMID: 30440120 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.41.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analysis of fetal ultrasound soft index positive cases during 16-18 weeks of pregnancy, and to explore the relationship with chromosomal abnormalities in order to increase the positive rate of invasive prenatal diagnosis and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis. Methods: A total of 569 cases which were diagnosed with positive soft markers in the department of gynecology and obstetrics of the Second Hospital of Jilin University from Jan.2016 to Jan.2017 were studied by ultrasonography. Twenty-five cases were lost in follow-up and finally 544 cases were included as group A. Those fetuses who combined with other malformations were induced labor. Non-invasive DNA examination was recommended for continued pregnant women, and those pregnant women whose results were high risk underwent the amniotic cavity puncture. When the fetal aneuploidy was confirmed, they chose induced labor. We followed the rest of those patients until postnatal half year. Randomly selected 544 cases during 16-18 weeks of pregnancy without obvious abnormalities into group B, followed up to half a year after birth. Results: In group A, 7 of the 544 cases were combined with other severe malformation in the beginning, among the remaining 537 patients, 273 of them received non-invasive DNA examination. Ten cases were high risk results, all of them underwent the amniotic cavity puncture with the result of chromosome abnormality, and they chose induced labor. Six cases were found other malformation in the second trimester who chose induced labor, and the rest 521 cases followed until the fetuses was born after half year had a favorable prognosis. In group B, 1 cases of severe deformities and 1 cases of haploid fetuses were found in 544 fetuses. The incidence of haploid fetus in group A and group B were 1.8% and 0.2%, respectively, with statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of severe malformation in group A and group B were 2.3% and 0.2%, respectively, with statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: During 16-18 weeks of pregnancy, sonographic markers may indicate an increased risk in fetal chromosomal abnormalities. The risk of serious malformation was increased in the fetuses with ultrasonic soft marker positive, but there was no specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Prozorowska E, Ratajczak M, Jackowiak H. Ultrastructural study of uterine epithelium in the domestic cat during prenatal development. Theriogenology 2019; 130:49-61. [PMID: 30865874 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the sequence of ultrastructural changes of the endometrial lining epithelium, first in the primordial paramesonephric ducts, then in the differentiating uterine horns, and finally in the mature uterus. The research material comprised female fetuses of the domestic cat, aged 33-63 days post conceptionem (p.c.), and mature females. The ultrastructural observations of the developing epithelium were conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM). The results revealed two basic stages in the development of the uterine mucosal epithelium in the domestic cat: the development of the epithelium of the uterine segment of the paramesonephric ducts, lasting from day 33 to day 42 p.c., and the differentiation of this epithelium into the mucosal epithelium of the uterus, starting after day 42 p.c. and lasting until the end of the prenatal period. The epithelium of the uterine segments of the paramesonephric ducts is pseudostratified with a flat surface, all cells being characterized by the same distribution of desmosomes, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) cisternae, and mitochondria in the cytoplasm. The differentiating epithelium of the uterus after day 51 p.c. is pseudostratified with a varied height. In the epithelial cells there are increases of (i) the number and complexity of the junctional complexes, (ii) the number of invaginations of the lateral cell membranes, and (iii) the number of elongated mitochondria, and also there appear distended cisternae of the rER, lipid droplets and clusters of glycogen, which suggest increasing metabolism and secretory activity of the cells during the transformation of the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Prozorowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL-60-625, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marlena Ratajczak
- Laboratory of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, The Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznan, Umultowska 89, PL-61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Jackowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL-60-625, Poznan, Poland
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27
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Izzo G, Talenti G, Falanga G, Moscatelli M, Conte G, Scola E, Doneda C, Parazzini C, Rustico M, Triulzi F, Righini A. Intrauterine fetal MR versus postmortem MR imaging after therapeutic termination of pregnancy: evaluation of the concordance in the detection of brain abnormalities at early gestational stage. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:2740-50. [PMID: 30542750 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fetal postmortem MR Imaging (pmMRI) has been recently used as an adjuvant tool to conventional brain autopsy after termination of pregnancy (TOP). Our purpose was to compare the diagnostic performance of intrauterine MRI (iuMRI) and pmMRI in the detection of brain anomalies in fetuses at early gestational age (GA). MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively collected 53 fetuses who had undergone iuMRI and pmMRI for suspected brain anomalies. Two pediatric neuroradiologists reviewed iuMRI and pmMRI examinations separately and then together. We used Cohen's K to assess the agreement between pmMRI and iuMRI. Using the combined evaluation iuMRI+pMRI as the reference standard, we calculated the "correctness ratio." We used Somers' D to assess the cograduation between postmortem image quality and time elapsed after fetus expulsion. RESULTS Our data showed high agreement between iuMRI and pmMRI considering all the categories together, for both observers (K1 0.84; K2 0.86). The correctness ratio of iuMRI and pmMRI was 79% and 45% respectively. The major disagreements between iuMRI and pmMRI were related to postmortem changes as the collapse of liquoral structures and distorting phenomena. We also found a significant cograduation between the time elapsed from expulsion and pmMRI contrast resolution and distortive phenomena (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates an overall high concordance between iuMRI and pmMRI in detecting fetal brain abnormalities at early GA. Nevertheless, for the correct interpretation of pmMRI, the revision of fetal examination seems to be crucial, in particular when time elapsed from expulsion is longer than 24 h. KEY POINTS • IuMRI and pmMRI showed overall high concordance in detecting fetal brain abnormalities at early GA. • PmMRI corroborated the antemortem diagnosis and it could be a valid alternative to conventional brain autopsy, only when the latter cannot be performed. • Some caution should be taken in interpreting pmMR images when performed after 24 h from fetal death.
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Reissland N, Froggatt S, Reames E, Girkin J. Effects of maternal anxiety and depression on fetal neuro-development. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:469-474. [PMID: 30149334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal development is affected by maternal mental health with research indicating that maternal anxiety and depression are co-morbid; nevertheless differential effects on the fetus have been found. This study examines, prenatally, effects of maternal stress, anxiety and depression on fetal eye-blink reactions to experimental sound and light stimulation. METHODS Two groups of singleton fetuses (mean 32-weeks gestation) were examined using 4D ultrasound: a control group (N = 14, 7 female) with no stimulation and an experimental group (N = 21, 13 female) exposed to experimental sound, light and cross-modal stimulation. For both groups ultrasound scans were performed and fetal eye-blink was assessed. Mothers completed the Hospital-Anxiety-and-Depression Scale and the Perceived-Stress Scale. Analysis was carried out using Poisson mixed effects modelling. RESULTS Fetal eye-blink rate during experimental stimulation was significantly and differentially associated with maternal mental health with a 20% increase of fetal eye-blink rate for each unit increase in anxiety score (p = 0.02) and a decrease of 21% of eye blink rate for each unit of increase in depression score (p = 0.02). Sound stimulation but not light stimulation significantly affected blink-rate with fetuses habituating to the stimuli (p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS Limitations are the relatively small number of fetuses and that a follow up after birth is essential to establish potential long-term effects. CONCLUSIONS Of clinical importance is the finding that although fetuses are affected by maternal mental health in general here we demonstrate, using eye-blink-rate during stimulation as measure of neuro-development, that fetuses are differentially affected by maternal anxiety and depression with anxiety increasing and depression decreasing fetal reactivity significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reissland
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
| | - S Froggatt
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - E Reames
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - J Girkin
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Alici Davutoglu E, Ozel A, Oztunc F, Madazli R. Modified myocardial performance index and its prognostic significance for adverse perinatal outcome in early and late onset fetal growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:277-282. [PMID: 30033784 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1489534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the fetal modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) in appropriately grown, early (EO) and late onset (LO) fetal growth restricted (FGR) fetuses and to assess its prognostic significance for adverse perinatal outcome.Study design: In a prospective case-control study, Mod-MPI was performed in 22 and 51 fetuses with EO and LO-FGR fetuses, respectively. Mod-MPI values of FGR fetuses were compared against gestation-matched controls (34 for EO-, and 32 for LO-FGR, respectively). Correlation testing related with poor perinatal outcomes were performed.Results: Incidences of pathologic uterine artery Doppler rate, cesarean section rate, 5-min Apgar score < 7, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and perinatal mortality were significantly higher in the EO-FGR group (p < .001). There was a decrease in Mod-MPI with gestational age in the normal (Pearson's r = 0.401, p < .001), and growth-restricted fetuses (Pearson's r = 0.248, p = .034). Mean Mod-MPI values were significantly higher in both EO- and LO-FGR group than gestation-matched controls (p < .001). There was no significant correlation between Mod-MPI values and perinatal deaths (Pearson's r = 0.004, p = .987) and 5-min Apgar score < 7 (Pearson's r = 0.391, p = .088) in the EO-FGR fetuses. There was a significant negative correlation between Mod-MPI values and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) values (Pearson's r = -0.288, p = .041); however no significant correlation between Mod-MPI values and 5-min Apgar score< 7, and fetal distress during labor (Pearson's r = 0.149, p = 0.297) in the LO-FGR fetuses was noted.Conclusion: EO and LO-FGR fetuses have significantly higher Mod-MPI values, demonstrating prenatal cardiac dysfunction. Evaluating Mod-MPI is not so effective in predicting poor perinatal outcome in both EO and LO-FGR fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Alici Davutoglu
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Ozel
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Oztunc
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Pediatric Cardiology Department, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Riza Madazli
- Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Olewnik Ł, Waśniewska A, Polguj M, Podgórski M, Łabętowicz P, Ruzik K, Topol M. Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 2018; 40:1283-1291. [PMID: 30022223 PMCID: PMC6208680 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-018-2069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The palmaris longus (PL) muscle is characterized by high-morphological variability. It is clinically important as it is routinely harvested for the reconstruction of other tendons. The study characterizes the morphology of the PL in human fetuses and creates a new classification based on its variations that would relate to the spectrum of morphological variability in adults. Methods Eighty spontaneously aborted human foetuses (44 male, 36 female, 160 upper limbs), aged 18–38 weeks of gestation, were examined. Results The palmaris longus muscle was present in 62.5% of fetuses. The absence was bilateral in 26.25%, and unilateral in 22.5%. Nine types of palmaris longus muscles were identified based on the morphology of its insertion (Types I–IX). All types originated on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The most common type was Type I, which was characterized by insertion to the palmar aponeurosis (52%). The rarest types were Type VII and Type IX (1% each). Type VII was characterized by partial doubling of the muscle belly, which then turned into two separate tendons that inserted together into the palmar aponeurosis. Type IX was characterized by fusion with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Conclusion Our findings concerning morphological variability of the PL in fetuses present a new perspective on the understanding nature of the morphological variation of the PL muscle in adults. List of evidence Basic Science Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Narutowicza 60, 90-136, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Waśniewska
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Narutowicza 60, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Polguj
- Department of Angiology, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Podgórski
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Łabętowicz
- Department of Angiology, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kacper Ruzik
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Narutowicza 60, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mirosław Topol
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Interfaculty Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Narutowicza 60, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
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Aouni R, Ben Attia M, Jaafoura MH, Bibi-Derbel A, Haouari M. Effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare in female rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:160-164. [PMID: 28237482 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ethanol-water (80:20) extract of Marrubium vulgare (M. vulgare) on the hematological parameters, macroscopic and histological aspects of the uterus and fetus in non-pregnant and pregnant rats. METHODS Female rats were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 9), group N (normal rats) and group G (pregnant rats) considered as control groups, group NE (normal rats treated with the ethanol-water (80:20, v/v) extract of M. vulgare) and group GE (pregnant rats treated with the extract). The ethanol-water (80:20) plant extract was administered in a single daily dose 1 g/kg at the morning, during 19 d. On the 19 day of the experiment, animals were sacrificed, the uterus and fetuses were removed for the morphological and histological studies and the blood was collected in EDTA tubes for the measurement of hematological parameters with the use of an automate 'HORIBA ABX Micros 60 Hematology Analyzer'. RESULTS Our results showed, in group NE and GE, a significant decrease on hematological parameters: red blood cells (NE: 18.6%; GE: 38.4%), hematocrit (NE: 13.8%; GE: 20.4%), hemoglobin (NE: 12.1%; GE: 8.3%) and mean corpuscular volume (NE: 6.4%; GE: 2%) with P more less a 0.05. Indeed, the extract of M. vulgare caused a significant decrease on the mean implantations of fetuses (82.5%, P < 0.001) and their size (47.2%, P < 0.01). As for the macroscopic and histological appearance of uterus, our data showed no change in normal treated rats. In contrast, the treated pregnant rats showed a severe histological change characterized by the existence of location of stopped gestation. Furthermore, it was also found in the uterus of these rat lyses placental and embryo tissue. CONCLUSIONS All these results support the hypothesis of an abortifacient effect of M. vulgare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Aouni
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Department of Life Sciences, 7021 Jarzouna, University of Carthage, Tunisia; INNTA, SURVEN Research Laboratory (Monitoring and Nutritional Epidemiology in Tunisia), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mossadok Ben Attia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Department of Life Sciences, 7021 Jarzouna, University of Carthage, Tunisia; Laboratoire Biomonitoring of the Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Habib Jaafoura
- Orthopedic InstituteMohamed Kassâb, Laboratory of Cyto-Morphology and Anatomy Pathologic, Av Habib Bourguiba 2010 Ksar said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bibi-Derbel
- National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Clinical Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bab Saâdoun 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mustapha Haouari
- INNTA, SURVEN Research Laboratory (Monitoring and Nutritional Epidemiology in Tunisia), 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Ecole Superior of Science and Technology of Health of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Street 4021, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Chen J, Xie L, Dai L, Yu L, Liu L, Zhou Y, Wu G, Qin F, Liu H. Right Heart Function of Fetuses and Infants with Large Ventricular Septal Defect: A Longitudinal Case-Control Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:1488-1497. [PMID: 27562129 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detect the effect of a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) on right ventricular function before and after birth. All consecutive children with large VSD who were born in our hospital between January 2013-February 2016 and followed up throughout early infancy, and who lacked malformations or chromosomal abnormalities, were identified by a retrospective review of the medical records and included in this retrospective longitudinal case-control study (n = 30). Thirty normal control cases with an equivalent gestational age and gender served as controls. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricle (RV) Tei index, and tricuspid E/E m were measured in the fetal, neonatal (day 1-28), and infant (day 29-70) periods. In all periods, the VSD and control groups did not differ in TAPSE values, but VSD associated with higher Tei indices and tricuspid E/E m values (in the fetal period: VSD group RV Tei was 0.48 ± 0.12 and E/E m was 11.84 ± 1.53, control group RV Tei was 0.42 ± 0.16 and E/E m was 10.16 ± 1.61; in neonatal period: VSD group RV Tei was 0.41 ± 0.17 and E/E m was 12.21 ± 1.59, control group RV Tei was 0.30 ± 0.13 and E/E m was 7.20 ± 1.28; in the infant period: VSD group RV Tei was 0.39 ± 0.09 and E/E m was 11.89 ± 2.80, control group RV Tei was 0.28 ± 0.12 and E/E m was 5.26 ± 1.90, all p < 0.05). In the fetal and neonatal periods, TAPSE correlated negatively with Tei index and tricuspid E/E m in both groups. However, in the infant period, only the control group exhibited correlations between TAPSE and Tei index or tricuspid E/E m. Tei index correlated positively with tricuspid E/E m in both groups in all three periods. The VSD group had smaller correlation coefficients than the control group. Large VSD may already start to impair RV diastolic and global function before birth. This impairment continued and increased after birth. These changes did not associate with obvious RV longitudinal systolic function impairment. Large VSD mainly affected RV function by decreasing diastolic function and myocardial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Xie
- The Vascular Remodeling and Developmental Defects Research Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Dai
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- The Vascular Remodeling and Developmental Defects Research Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongbi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengfei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Pediatric Respiratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Hartkopf J, Schleger F, Weiss M, Hertrich I, Kiefer-Schmidt I, Preissl H, Muenssinger J. Neuromagnetic signatures of syllable processing in fetuses and infants provide no evidence for habituation. Early Hum Dev 2016; 100:61-6. [PMID: 27423115 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habituation, as a basic form of learning, is characterized by decreasing amplitudes of neuronal reaction following repeated stimuli. Recent studies indicate that habituation to pure tones of different frequencies occurs in fetuses and infants. AIMS Neural processing of different syllables in fetuses and infants was investigated. STUDY DESIGN An auditory habituation paradigm including two different sequences of syllables was presented to each subject. Each sequence consisted of eight syllables (sequence /ba/: 5× /ba/, 1× /bi/ (dishabituator), 2× /ba/; sequence /bi/: 5× /bi/, 1× /ba/ (dishabituator), 2× /bi/). Each subject was stimulated with 140 sequences. Neuromagnetic signatures of auditory-evoked responses (AER) were recorded by fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG). SUBJECTS Magnetic brain signals of N=30 fetuses (age: 28-39weeks of gestation) and N=28 infants (age: 0-3months) were recorded. Forty-two of the 60 fetal recordings and 29 of the 58 infant recordings were included in the final analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES AERs were recorded and amplitudes were normalized to the amplitude of the first stimulus. RESULTS In both fetuses and infants, the amplitudes of AERs were found not to decrease with repeated stimulation. In infants, however, amplitude of syllable 6 (dishabituator) was significantly increased compared to syllable 5 (p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS Fetuses and infants showed AERs to syllables. Unlike fetuses, infants showed a discriminative neural response to syllables. Habituation was not observed in either fetuses or infants. These findings could be important for the investigation of early cognitive competencies and may help to gain a better understanding of language acquisition during child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartkopf
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schleger
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Magdalene Weiss
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Hertrich
- Hertie Center for Neurology, Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kiefer-Schmidt
- fMEG Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Muenssinger
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
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Esakky P, Hansen DA, Drury AM, Felder P, Cusumano A, Moley KH. Paternal exposure to cigarette smoke condensate leads to reproductive sequelae and developmental abnormalities in the offspring of mice. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:283-94. [PMID: 27589885 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paternal smoking is associated with infertility, birth defects and childhood cancers. Our earlier studies using cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) demonstrated several deleterious changes in male germ cells. Here, we hypothesize that chronic paternal exposure to CSC causes molecular and phenotypic changes in the sire and the offspring, respectively. In this mouse study, CSC caused DNA damage and cytotoxicity in testes via accumulation of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) and cotinine. Decreased expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha (Gadd45a), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) was seen in CSC exposed testes. Apoptotic germ cell death was detected by induction of Fas, FasL, and activated caspase-3. The CSC-exposed males displayed reduction in sperm motility and fertilizing ability and sired pups with reduced body weight and crown-rump length, and smaller litter size with higher numbers of resorption. This model of CSC exposure demonstrates testicular toxicity and developmental defects in the offspring.
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Rodríguez-Cruz M, González RS, Maldonado J, López-Alarcón M, Bernabe-García M. The effect of gestational age on expression of genes involved in uptake, trafficking and synthesis of fatty acids in the rat placenta. Gene 2016; 591:403-10. [PMID: 27317891 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gestation triggers a tight coordination among maternal tissues to provide fatty acids (FA) to the fetus through placental transport; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding regulation of proteins involved in placental transport of FA according to gestational age. The aim of this study was to determine the role of gestational age on the expression of genes involved in FA uptake, trafficking and synthesis in the rat placenta to support fetal demands. Gene expression of encoding proteins for placental transport and synthesis of FA was measured in placenta. Also, FA composition was measured in placenta, fetuses and newborns. mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase (lpl) and fatp-1 (for uptake) was 4.4- and 1.43-fold higher, respectively, during late gestation than at P14, but expression of p-fabp-pm decreased 0.37-fold at late pregnancy in comparison with P14. Only mRNA fabp-4 member for trafficking of FA was 2.95-fold higher at late gestation than at P14. mRNA of fasn and elovl-6 participating in saturated FA and enzymes for the polyunsaturated FA synthesis were downregulated during late gestation and their regulator srebf-1c increased at P16. This study suggests that gestational age has an effect on expression of some genes involved in uptake, trafficking and synthesis of FA in the rat placenta; mRNA expression of lpl and, fatp-1 for uptake and fabp-4 implicated in trafficking was expressed at high levels at late gestation. In addition, placenta expresses the mRNAs involved in FA synthesis; these genes were expressed at low levels at late gestation. Additionally, mRNAs of Srebf-1c transcriptional regulator of desaturases and elongases was highly expressed during late gestation. Finally, these changes in the rat placenta allowed the placenta to partially supply saturated and monounsaturated FA to the fetus.
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Montaldo P, Addison S, Oliveira V, Lally PJ, Taylor AM, Sebire NJ, Thayyil S, Arthurs OJ. Quantification of maceration changes using post mortem MRI in fetuses. BMC Med Imaging 2016; 16:34. [PMID: 27121379 PMCID: PMC4849089 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-016-0137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post mortem imaging is playing an increasingly important role in perinatal autopsy, and correct interpretation of imaging changes is paramount. This is particularly important following intra-uterine fetal death, where there may be fetal maceration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any changes seen on a whole body fetal post mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMR) correspond to maceration at conventional autopsy. METHODS We performed pre-autopsy PMMR in 75 fetuses using a 1.5 Tesla Siemens Avanto MR scanner (Erlangen, Germany). PMMR images were reported blinded to the clinical history and autopsy data using a numerical severity scale (0 = no maceration changes to 2 = severe maceration changes) for 6 different visceral organs (total 12). The degree of maceration at autopsy was categorized according to severity on a numerical scale (1 = no maceration to 4 = severe maceration). We also generated quantitative maps to measure the liver and lung T2. RESULTS The mean PMMR maceration score correlated well with the autopsy maceration score (R(2) = 0.93). A PMMR score of ≥4.5 had a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 64%, for detecting moderate or severe maceration at autopsy. Liver and lung T2 were increased in fetuses with maceration scores of 3-4 in comparison to those with 1-2 (liver p = 0.03, lung p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS There was a good correlation between PMMR maceration score and the extent of maceration seen at conventional autopsy. This score may be useful in interpretation of fetal PMMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Montaldo
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
| | - S Addison
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - V Oliveira
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - P J Lally
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - A M Taylor
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - S Thayyil
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
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Mahmoudi R, Enant E, Delaviz H, Rad P, Roozbehi A, Jafari Barmak M, Azizi A. The Effects of L-arginine on the Hippocampus of Male Rat Fetuses under Maternal Stress. Basic Clin Neurosci 2016; 7:5-11. [PMID: 27303594 PMCID: PMC4892331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal stress has deleterious effects on the development of the brain and is associated with behavioral and psychosocial problems in childhood and adulthood. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of L-arginine on fetal brain under maternal stress. METHODS Twenty pregnant Wistar rats (weighting 200-230 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5 for each group). The first nonstress and stress groups received 2 mL of normal saline and the other nonstress and stress two groups received L-arginine (200 mg/kg, IP) from their 5(th) to 20(th) days of pregnancy. The pregnant rats were killed on 20(th) day and the brain fetuses removed and prefrontal cortical thickness, total neurons in the prefrontal cortex and in the areas of CA1, CA2, and CA3 of the hippocampus were measured and counted. Nitrite levels in the brain were measured as an indicator for nitric oxide (NO) level. RESULTS There was a significant decrease of mean number of pyramidal cells in the CA1 in prenatal stress group compared to nonstress and nonstress plus arginine groups. The NO level in brain tissue increased significantly in the stress plus arginine (3.8±0.4 nmol/mg) and in nonstress rats (2.9±0.3 nmol/mg) compared to the stress group (1.8±0.1 nmol/mg). Prefrontal cortical thickness decreased significantly in stress rats (1.2±0.09 mm) compared to the nonstress plus arginine (1.7±0.15 mm) and nonstress (1.6±0.13 mm) groups. DISCUSSION Results indicated that prenatal stress could lead to neurodegeneration of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rat fetuses. L-arginine as a precursor of NO synthesis had neuroprotective effect during prenatal stress and could be used an effective treatment for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mahmoudi
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Elham Enant
- Herbal Medicine Centre, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hamdollah Delaviz
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Parastou Rad
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amrollah Roozbehi
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Jafari Barmak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Arsalan Azizi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Dorce ALC, Frare EO, Paulo MEFV, Dorce VAC, Nencioni ALA. Tityus bahiensis scorpion venom injected to dams during pregnancy affects some cytokines of fetuses. Toxicon 2015; 103:114-8. [PMID: 26140840 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of scorpion stings in Brazil, pregnant women are among the possible victims. Cytokines are important during the pregnancy, and scorpion venoms can change their release. We evaluated the levels of some cytokines in the fetuses after the treatment of pregnant rats with the Tityus bahiensis scorpion venom. The concentration of some of them is altered and can be responsible for the effects previously observed on innate reflexes, and the physical and behavioral development of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L C Dorce
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Disease Control Coordination of the Secretary of Public Health of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo O Frare
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana L A Nencioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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El Gendy MM, Kandil AM, Helal MA, Zahou FM. The teratogenic effects of imatinib mesylate on rat fetuses. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:654-63. [PMID: 28962401 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first line treatment against chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of imatinib mesylate on the pregnant rats and their fetuses. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups; the first group served as a control group. The second and third groups were orally administered imatinib at doses of 36 mg/kg body weight or 54 mg/kg b.wt. on gestation days (SDs) 6 through 13 or SDs 13 through 19, respectively. All animals were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. Treatment with imatinib caused a reduction of maternal body weight gain, uterine and placental weights, increased rate of abortion and fetal resorptions. High dose of imatinib caused fetal congenital deformities represented in harelip, contraction of the fore limbs, and paralysis of the hind limbs, exencephaly, encephalocoele and distended abdominal wall, besides occurrence of wavy ribs and absence of other ribs in addition to skeletal growth retardation and lack of ossification of the most skeletal elements. The present work concluded that imatinib is teratogenic when given orally to pregnant rats at 54 mg/kg b.wt. and causes direct maternal or developmental toxicity.
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Härter CJ, Castagnino DS, Rivera AR, Lima LD, Silva HGO, Mendonça AN, Bonfim GF, Liesegang A, St-Pierre N, Teixeira IAMA. Mineral Metabolism in Singleton and Twin-pregnant Dairy Goats. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:37-49. [PMID: 25557674 PMCID: PMC4283187 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes significant physiological changes. The present study assessed the changes on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats. The 42 goats used (49.5 kg±7.6 body weight [BW]) were assigned at random to treatments that were factorially arranged to account for 2 breeds (Oberhasli and Saanen), 2 pregnancy types (singleton and twin) and 3 gestation periods (80, 110, and 140 days). Digestibility trials were performed at 80, 110, and 140 days of gestation. Mineral retention during pregnancy was determined in the maternal body, femur, uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid. Blood samples were taken during pregnancy before and after a meal, and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K ions and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in serum. Bone mineral density was determined in the right femur. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Dry matter intake decreased linearly up to 140 days of gestation. Maternal BW gain, and Ca, P, and Mg retention (g/kg) decreased linearly with the advance of gestation days. Macromineral retention in maternal body (g/kg) was greater in Oberhasli than Saanen goats, and their fetuses had higher Ca, P, and Mg deposition (mg/g). Mineral retention (mg/g) increased in fetuses according to pregnancy development, with no differences between singleton and twin pregnancy. In the mammary gland, the retention of all minerals (g) increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, related to Ca, P, and Mg metabolism can be divided into two stages. Up to 80 days of gestation, was characterized by the preparation of the maternal body reserves for future mineral demands. From 80 days of gestation onward, was characterized by the transfer of maternal body reserves for fetal development and colostrum production. Na and K supply was provided by adjustments in endogenous excretion and an increase in intestinal absorption. Finally, mineral metabolism was specific to each genotype and, except for Na, was not affected by the number of fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Härter
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - D S Castagnino
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - A R Rivera
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - L D Lima
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - H G O Silva
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - A N Mendonça
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - G F Bonfim
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - A Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland . ; Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - N St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | - I A M A Teixeira
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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Abstract
Background: Hassall's corpuscles (HC) are commonly used as diagnostic features for identifying human thymus and are still present in thymuses undergoing fatty degeneration in young adults. However, few studies have been performed on human fetuses. Aim: A cross-sectional study was done, to study the morphology of HC in human fetuses. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight thymuses were collected from fetuses of gestational age ranging from 11 to 40 weeks. Thymuses were processed by paraffin embedding methods and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The size of HC varied from very small (100 microns) to very large corpuscles (> 900 microns). A high level of polymorphism was also observed, from round to unusual or odd shapes corpuscles. The degenerated reticulo-epithelial cells represented the starting point in HC formation. The growth of HC was rapid, especially near 28 weeks, and the level of HC polymorphism was significantly greater after 28 weeks of gestation. In advanced stages of gestation, the increase in size of some corpuscles reduced the spaces between them, and some patterns strongly supported the hypothesis that some HC had fused in a single and larger corpuscle. Conclusion: The rapid rise in number and size of HC around 28 weeks of gestation would fit with their role in the negative selection process of thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Asghar
- Department of Anatomy, HIMSR, New Delhi, Anatomy, India
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42
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Poblano A, Haro R, Arteaga C. Neurophysiologic measurement of continuity in the sleep of fetuses during the last week of pregnancy and in newborns. Int J Biol Sci 2007; 4:23-8. [PMID: 18167533 PMCID: PMC2140151 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to measure the correlation between fetal electrocardiographic (FECG) recordings of low-risk pregnancies and polysomnographic (PSG) study parameters in low-risk infants born at term as a measurement of perinatal sleep-development continuity. We designed a short, prospective, observational follow-up of physiologic parameters between fetuses and newborns. We studied 10 fetuses from low-risk pregnant female out-patients and the same subjects as low-risk newborns delivered at term. Fetal state (FS) was defined in FECG recordings reassembling the following: fetal state I (quiet sleep or QS); fetal state II (active sleep or AS); fetal state III (quiet waking), and fetal state IV (active waking). Percentages of AS, QS, and wakefulness in PSG studies of newborns were also determined. Comparisons of FS I with QS showed a significant reduction in QS, while comparison of FS II with AS showed significant reduction in AS. Negative correlations were found between FS I with QS, and FS II with AS. Number of cycles in FECG recordings and PSG sleep cycles also demonstrated significant correlation. In conclusion our data showed partial but significant sleep function continuity from fetal to neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Poblano
- Clinic of Sleep Disorders, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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