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Pairazamán OD, Woiciechowski AL, Zevallos LA, Tanobe VOA, Zandona A, Soccol CR. Fumaric acid production by Rhizopus species from acid hydrolysate of oil palm empty fruit bunches. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01322-0. [PMID: 38671219 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is a very important material, due to the significant concentration of pentoses present in its composition and that can be used sustainably in biotechnological processes such as the production of fumaric acid. Research efforts are currently being promoted for the proper disposal and valorization of empty fruit bunches (EFB) from oil palm. In this work, seventeen Rhizopus species were evaluated in a fermentation medium with EFB hydrolyzate, without detoxification, as a carbon source for fumaric acid production. Rhizopus circicans 1475 and Rhizopus 3271 achieved productions of 5.65 g.L-1 and 5.25 g.L-1 of fumaric acid at 30 °C, 120 rpm for 96 h, respectively. The percentage of consumed sugars, mainly pentoses, was 24.88% and 34.02% for R. circicans 1475 and R 3271, respectively. Soy peptone and ammonium sulfate were evaluated as nitrogen sources, where soy peptone stimulated the formation of biomass pellets while ammonium sulfate produced mycelia and clamps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar D Pairazamán
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil
- Biological Science Department, National University of Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Peru
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Regional Public Health Laboratory, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - Adenise L Woiciechowski
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil.
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil.
| | - Luis A Zevallos
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil
| | | | - Arion Zandona
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Polytechnic Center, CP 19011, Curitiba, 81531-908, Brazil
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Sudarsan S, Trofimov E, Franklin D, Venthan SM, Guhanathan S, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. Thermal, morphology and bacterial analysis of pH-responsive sodium carboxyl methylcellulose/ fumaric acid/ acrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20939. [PMID: 37954319 PMCID: PMC10637903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this present investigation, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with Fumaric acid/Acrylamide (CMC/FA/AAm=CFA) hydrogel and their silver nanocomposite hydrogels (CFA-Ag x, x = 5, 10 and 20) were developed by simple, cost effective and ecofriendly greener method. Mint leaf extract was used as an efficient natural reducing agent due to presence of active and antioxidant potential of polyphenol and flavonoid components. Swelling equilibrium of CFA hydrogel showed Seq% 3000 both in pH medium and distilled water. CFA (90:10) hydrogel has been produced greater than Seq% 6000. The synthesized CFA (90:10)-Ag-5, CFA (90:10)-Ag-10 and CFA (90:10)-Ag-20 nanocomposite hydrogels have been observed lower Seq% 2000-3000 than the CFA hydrogel. The homogeneous distribution of AgNPs throughout the CFA hydrogel and nanocomposites has been explored by SEM analysis. The interaction of network heteroatoms with AgNPs has been strongly revealed by the FTIR spectra and XRD analysis. The thermal stability of CFA (90:10)-Ag-5, 10, and 20 nanocomposite hydrogels have showed greater stability than CFA hydrogel which is confirmed by TGA/DSC thermogram analysis. The TEM analysis was used to explore a uniform distribution of spherical AgNPs (10 nm-50 nm) embedded on the CFA composite hydrogel. The CFA (90:10)-Ag-20 nanocomposite hydrogel has showed good antibacterial activity beside E. coli (Gram positive) and S. aureus (Gram negative) pathogens. Based on the antibacterial activity and swelling properties of CFA-Ag nanocomposite hydrogels have the ability to accelerate the antibacterial activity and are potential candidates for medical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.S. Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore, 632002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvam Mullai Venthan
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bangaluru, India
| | - Selvam Guhanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Vellore, 632002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab. Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab. Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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Liu H, Jin Y, Zhang R, Ning Y, Yu Y, Xu P, Deng L, Wang F. Recent advances and perspectives on production of value-added organic acids through metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108076. [PMID: 36509246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids are important consumable materials with a wide range of applications in the food, biopolymer and chemical industries. The global consumer organic acids market is estimated to increase to $36.86 billion by 2026. Conventionally, organic acids are produced from the chemical catalysis process with petrochemicals as raw materials, which posts severe environmental concerns and conflicts with our sustainable development goals. Most of the commonly used organic acids can be produced from various organisms. As a state-of-the-art technology, large-scale fermentative production of important organic acids with genetically-modified microbes has become an alternative to the chemical route to meet the market demand. Despite the fact that bio-based organic acid production from renewable cheap feedstock provides a viable solution, low productivity has impeded their industrial-scale application. With our deeper understanding of strain genetics, physiology and the availability of strain engineering tools, new technologies including synthetic biology, various metabolic engineering strategies, omics-based system biology tools, and high throughput screening methods are gradually established to bridge our knowledge gap. And they were further applied to modify the cellular reaction networks of potential microbial hosts and improve the strain performance, which facilitated the commercialization of consumable organic acids. Here we present the recent advances of metabolic engineering strategies to improve the production of important organic acids including fumaric acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, adipic acid, muconic acid, and we also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives on how we can develop a cost-efficient, green and sustainable process to produce these important chemicals from low-cost feedstocks.
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Wei P, Ma H, Fu H, Xu Z, Qu X. Efficient inhibition of cyanobacteria M. aeruginosa growth using commercial food-grade fumaric acid. Chemosphere 2022; 301:134659. [PMID: 35447209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The control of cyanobacteria blooms is a global challenge. Here, we reported the efficient inhibition of M. aeruginosa by fumaric acid (FA), an intermediate metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. FA showed strong algicidal activity with an inhibition rate of 90.5% on the 8th day at a dose of 40 mg/L. The presence of FA caused severe membrane damage, as suggested by the fluorescence flow cytometry and morphology analysis. FA inhibited the formation of chlorophyll a, interrupting the photosynthesis system. It also induced oxidative stress in cells. Principal component analysis of the indicators suggested that the FA-treated sample had a significantly different inhibitory pattern than the acid-treated sample. Thus, the inhibitory effect was not solely caused by the pH effect. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 31 metabolites were differentially expressed in response to FA stress, which were mainly involved in the metabolite processes and the membranes. A commercial food-grade FA was able to inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa similar to the analytical-grade FA. Our results suggest that FA can be potentially an efficient and low-risk chemical for inhibiting M. aeruginosa growth, which may find future applications in cyanobacteria bloom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hanmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Nazir A, Hafeez S, Habeeb AR. Bioactive potentials of endophyte (Fusarium redolens) isolated from Olea europaea. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:219. [PMID: 35333980 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During past few decades, endophytes have gained importance due their ability to produce bioactive compounds. Many medicinal plants are being exploited for the endophytic isolation to obtain drugs of interest. This study explored the fungal endophytes of Olive (Olea europaea L.) stem from which Fusarium redolens was selected for investigation of bioactive potential. The endophyte was identified using morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal-deoxyribonucleic acid (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis. The GCMS analysis of the crude extract yielded chrysophanol and fumaric acid. The culture filtrate of ethyl acetate extract showed significant cytotoxic potential against HepG2 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the screening of antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate fungal extract using DPPH scavenging assay showed that Fusarium redolens extract exhibited potential activity with a significant EC50 value of 144.7 µg/mL.
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Skorokhodova AY, Gulevich AY, Debabov VG. Engineering Escherichia coli for efficient aerobic conversion of glucose to fumaric acid. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2022; 33:e00703. [PMID: 35145886 PMCID: PMC8801760 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli was engineered for efficient aerobic conversion of glucose to fumaric acid. A novel design for biosynthesis of the target product through the modified TCA cycle rather than via glyoxylate shunt, implying oxaloacetate formation from pyruvate and artificial channelling of 2-ketoglutarate towards succinic acid via succinate semialdehyde formation, was implemented. The main fumarases were inactivated in the core strain MSG1.0 (∆ackA-pta, ∆poxB, ∆ldhA, ∆adhE, ∆ptsG, PL-glk, Ptac-galP) by the deletion of the fumA, fumB, and fumC genes. The Bacillus subtilis pycA gene was expressed in the strain to ensure pyruvate to oxaloacetate conversion. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis kgd gene was expressed to enable succinate semialdehyde formation. The resulting strain was able to convert glucose to fumaric acid with a yield of 0.86 mol/mol, amounting to 86% of the theoretical maximum. The results demonstrated the high potential of the implemented strategy for development of efficient strains for bio-based fumaric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Yu. Skorokhodova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2. Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu. Gulevich
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2. Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Debabov
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2. Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
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Li Z, Lei X, Chen X, Yin Q, Shen J, Yao J. Long-term and combined effects of N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide and fumaric acid on methane production, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in dairy goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:125. [PMID: 34865657 PMCID: PMC8647438 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, nitrooxy compounds have been identified as promising inhibitors of methanogenesis in ruminants. However, when animals receive a nitrooxy compound, a high portion of the spared hydrogen is eructated as gas, which partly offsets the energy savings of CH4 mitigation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term and combined effects of supplementation with N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide (NPD), a methanogenesis inhibitor, and fumaric acid (FUM), a hydrogen sink, on enteric CH4 production, rumen fermentation, bacterial populations, apparent nutrient digestibility, and lactation performance of dairy goats. RESULTS Twenty-four primiparous dairy goats were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: supplementation without or with FUM (32 g/d) or NPD (0.5 g/d). All samples were collected every 3 weeks during a 12-week feeding experiment. Both FUM and NPD supplementation persistently inhibited CH4 yield (L/kg DMI, by 18.8% and 18.1%, respectively) without negative influence on DMI or apparent nutrient digestibility. When supplemented in combination, no additive CH4 suppression was observed. FUM showed greater responses in increasing the molar proportion of propionate when supplemented with NPD than supplemented alone (by 10.2% vs. 4.4%). The rumen microbiota structure in the animals receiving FUM was different from that of the other animals, particularly changed the structure of phylum Firmicutes. Daily milk production and serum total antioxidant capacity were improved by NPD, but the contents of milk fat and protein were decreased, probably due to the bioactivity of absorbed NPD on body metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Supplementing NPD and FUM in combination is a promising way to persistently inhibit CH4 emissions with a higher rumen propionate proportion. However, the side effects of this nitrooxy compound on animals and its residues in animal products need further evaluation before it can be used as an animal feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Sebastian J, Dominguez KV, Brar SK, Rouissi T. Fumaric acid production using alternate fermentation mode by immobilized Rhizopus oryzae-a greener production strategy. Chemosphere 2021; 281:130858. [PMID: 34020187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current work investigates the impact of using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 for bioproduction of fumaric acid using agro-industrial residues as feedstock. This use of agro-industrial residues, a renewable feedstock, for the production of bio-based platform chemical makes the process cost-competitive as well as greener by preventing the release of assimilable organic carbon to the environment, thereby reducing the generation of greenhouse gases. Immobilization of R. oryzae has been proposed previously to alleviate operational difficulties confronted during free mycelial fungal fermentation. To this effect, three synthetic refuse materials namely polystyrene foam, polyester sponge and polyurethane foam were investigated for their suitability towards fumaric acid bioproduction. Polystyrene foam was identified as the most suitable support material for immobilization as well as fumaric acid production. In addition to the considerable reduction in the lag-phase (from 48 to 24 h) the reduction in the size of the support material from cubes of 1 cm to beads of 0.1-0.3 cm led to a 42% improvement in fumaric acid production (27 g/L against 19 g/L). Growing the polystyrene foam bead immobilized R. oryzae on apple pomace ultrafiltration sludge as sole feedstock yielded a final fumaric acid titer of 7.9 g/L whereas free mycelial fermentation yielded 6.3 g/L. Moreover, upon operating the fermentation with intermittent feeding, a three-fold increase (1.7 g/L to 5.1 g/L) in fumaric acid production was obtained upon supplementation of the apple pomace sludge media with molasses, an agro-industrial residue, as feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sebastian
- INRS-ETE, Université Du Québec, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | | | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université Du Québec, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada; Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université Du Québec, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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da Silva AV, de Oliveira AJ, Tanabe ISB, Silva JV, da Silva Barros TW, da Silva MK, França PHB, Leite J, Putzke J, Montone R, de Oliveira VM, Rosa LH, Duarte AWF. Antarctic lichens as a source of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Extremophiles 2021; 25:181-91. [PMID: 33635427 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In association with lichens, bacteria can play key roles in solubilizing sources of inorganic phosphates that are available in the environment. In this study, the potential of bacteria isolated from 15 Antarctic lichen samples for phosphate solubilization was investigated. From 124 bacteria tested, 66 (53%) were positive for phosphate solubilization in solid NBRIP medium, with a higher prevalence of Pseudomonas, followed by Caballeronia and Chryseobacterium. Most of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from Usnea auratiacoatra, followed by Caloplaca regalis and Xanthoria candelaria. Two isolates showed outstanding performance, Pseudomonas sp. 11.LB15 and Pseudomonas sp. 1.LB34, since they presented solubilization in the temperature range from 15.0 to 30.0 °C, and maximum quantification of soluble phosphate at 25.0 °C was 511.21 and 532.07 mg/L for Pseudomonas sp. 11.LB15 and Pseudomonas sp. 1.LB34, respectively. At 30.0 °C soluble phosphate yield was 639.43 and 518.95 mg/L with pH of 3.74 and 3.87 for Pseudomonas sp. 11.LB15 and Pseudomonas sp. 1.LB34, respectively. Fumaric and tartaric acids were released during the solubilization process. Finally, bacteria isolated from Antarctic lichens were shown to have the potential for phosphate solubilization, opening perspectives for future application in the agricultural sector and contributing to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
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Sohn JS, Kim JS, Choi JS. Development of a naftopidil-chitosan-based fumaric acid solid dispersion to improve the dissolution rate and stability of naftopidil. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:520-529. [PMID: 33607140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Naftopidil (NAF), an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, is administered as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia; however, according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS IV), it is a poorly-soluble drug that exhibits poor permeability. We aimed to increase the dissolution (%) of NAF by adding chitosan to a polymer-free formulation. Compared to the formulation prepared using Flivas®, at 60 min, the solid dispersion (SD) formulation containing NAF, fumaric acid, chitosan, and US2® in a 1:1:2:1 weight ratio improved the dissolution (%) of NAF in distilled water, pH 1.2 media, pH 4.0 and pH 6.8 buffers by 27.2-, 1.2-, 1.1- and 6.5-fold, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the SD1 formulation were also found to be altered, including its thermal properties, crystal intensity, and chemical interaction. As a result, the hydrogen bonding that occurs between NAF and fumaric acid was identified as a major factor in the increase in NAF dissolution (%). Further, chitosan was observed to contribute to the stability of NAF and SD1, which was assessed over a 3-month period. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ a polymer-free system to improve the solubilization of NAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sun Sohn
- College of General Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Kim
- Central R&D Center, Yuyu Phama, 17, Daehak4-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Choi
- Department of Health Care and Medical Administration, Chodang University, 380 Muan-ro, Muan-eup, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58530, Republic of Korea.
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Xing H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Huang X, Xiao Q, Deng L, Wang F. Capability Enhancement of Fumaric Acid Production by Rhizopus arrhizus Through Carbon-Nitrogen Sources Coordination. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1231-7. [PMID: 33237556 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fumaric acid production from the fermentation process by Rhizopus was considered a potential method. But poor conversion efficiency and low space-time productivity greatly hampered industrial production. Here, we reported improving these problems through carbon-nitrogen sources coordination optimization strategy. Five commonly used nitrogen sources were selected to conduct element analysis and fermentation efficiency comparison. Casein was proven to be the optimum nitrogen source and further investigated in a stirred-tank reactor. It showed that the fermentation cycle was significantly shortened by the application of casein. Combined with optimization of glucose content, the space-time productivity of fumaric acid reached 0.76 g/L h with a yield to 0.31 g/g glucose, which was the highest among the results gotten in the stirred-tank reactor. It illustrated that carbon-nitrogen sources coordination optimization strategy was in favor of the improvement of the fermentation process and laid a promising foundation for the development of fumaric acid industrial production.
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Kommareddy S, Nigam RS, Kumar S. Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the identification, determination of related substances and assay of dimethyl fumarate in drug substance. Ann Pharm Fr 2020; 79:179-193. [PMID: 33091397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of current study was to develop and validate a short, economical, accurate, precise stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for identification, quantitation of related substances (fumaric acid and mono methyl fumarate) and assay of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) drug substance. MATERIAL AND METHODS The RP-HPLC method was developed by using liquid chromatography (waters 2695 with PDA detector & Agilent 1200 with DAD) with Symmetry C18 column. Pharmaceutical grade of high pure materials of DMF, MMF, FA and HPLC grade water, acetonitrile and orthophosphoric acid were used for this study. The mobile phase consists of 0.1% of ortho-phosphoric acid in water: acetonitrile (55:45% v/v). RESULTS The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. To prove the stability indicating potential, stress studies performed using acid, base, peroxide and thermal. After sufficient exposure, these solutions were injected in to HPLC and found that all degradants formed during stress study were well separated from the main peak and resolution between all impurities was more than ICH requirements. CONCLUSION A simple, short and stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of DMF and its related substances in drug substance. Based on literature survey it was evident that many methods were published for determination of DMF individually or its related substances, however short run time methods were not available for simultaneous estimation of DMF and its related substances. The intended method would support to industries for quick quantitation of DMF and its related substances without compromising quality parameters like precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kommareddy
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, AKS University, Sherganj, Panna Road, 485001 Satna, MP, India
| | - R S Nigam
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, AKS University, Sherganj, Panna Road, 485001 Satna, MP, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, AKS University, Sherganj, Panna Road, 485001 Satna, MP, India.
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Fan T, Liu X, Zhao R, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang F, Nie K, Deng L. Hydrolysis of food waste by hot water extraction and subsequent Rhizopus fermentation to fumaric acid. J Environ Manage 2020; 270:110954. [PMID: 32721361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food waste is considered a serious global societal problem. How to degrade of food waste in a green and effective way has been to a hot topic. In this work, a method with hot water extraction pretreatment of food waste was investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, more than half of the solid food waste could be transferred to soluble sugars. Meanwhile, in order to improve the tolerance of Rhizopus arrhizus on the food waste hydrolysate, UV combined with chemical mutagenesis were carried out, and a mutant of Rhizopus RH-7-13-807 was obtained. With the mutant strain, the yield of fumaric acid fermented from food waste increased to 1.8 times compared with the original strain, and 23.94 g/L fumaric acid was obtained from the fermentation. Besides, the COD of food waste was evaluated for the degradation of food waste by the Rhizopus RH-7-13-807. The process would decrease the quantity of food waste to be disposed of, and benefit the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Fan
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Ran Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Kaili Nie
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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Zhou Q, Shen Y, Li Y, Xu L, Cai Y, Deng X. Terahertz spectroscopic characterizations and DFT calculations of carbamazepine cocrystals with nicotinamide, saccharin and fumaric acid. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 236:118346. [PMID: 32302958 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine cocrystals with nicotinamide, saccharin and fumaric acid were synthesized and characterized by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. Lattice vibrations of cocrystals with their individual constituents were investigated by means of the dispersion-corrected density functional theory with and without cell parameter constraints. The simulated THz spectra successfully reproduce the features of all the crystals in their experimental spectra. A better agreement between experimental and theoretical THz spectra is achieved when the cell parameter constraints are applied in geometry optimization. Some intensive modes of neat carbamazepine and cocrystals were discussed in terms of the motions of hydrogen bonds. The effect of lattice vibration on these cocrystallizations was further examined to gain insights into the thermodynamics. It is found that lattice vibration is favorable for all these cocrystal formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang City 330031, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang City 330031, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang City 330031, China.
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Guanglan Avenue 418, Nanchang City 330013, China
| | - Yingxiang Cai
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang City 330031, China
| | - Xiaohua Deng
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang City 330031, China; Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue 999, Nanchang City 330031, China
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15
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Kaur G, Shivanandappa TB, Kumar M, Kushwah AS. Fumaric acid protect the cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory action and aid in recast the liver function. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1911-20. [PMID: 32440768 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, indiscriminate human activities impelled environmental toxicity through heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) that poses significant health hazards to the flora and fauna. Multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and chromosomal aberrations underlie the Cd-induced organ toxicity with the liver and kidneys bearing most of the brunt. Fumaric acid (FA) is an organic acid (C4H4O4) omnipresent in nature and attributed with such properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, chemopreventive, anti-psoriatic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective) that may bestow relief in Cd-induced liver damage. Hence, in the present study, the protective effects of FA were determined in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Wistar rats were chronically exposed to Cd (5 mg/kg, p.o.) to induce liver dysfunction. The rats were subjected to FA (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg; p.o.) pre-treatment for 28 days to observe effects on liver and serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, enzymatic activities, and hepatic damage (liver histopathology). Body weights, feed/water intake, body mass index (BMI), and non-invasive parameters (FIB-4 score; AST/ALT ratio) were quantified. Cd-triggered hepatic injury in rats through oxidative stress, derangement of hepatic serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and platelet count), and pathogenic alteration in non-invasive parameters. FA pre-treatment significantly protected rat livers against Cd toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and improving the hepatic serum biomarkers and non-invasive parameters. In a histopathological analysis, FA prevented Cd-accrued hepatocellular damage. Fumaric acid showed potential to avert hepatic injury against cadmium in rats. Graphical abstract.
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16
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Gurtler JB, Keller SE, Fan X, Olanya OM, Jin T, Camp MJ. Survival of Salmonella during Apple Dehydration as Affected by Apple Cultivar and Antimicrobial Pretreatment. J Food Prot 2020; 83:902-909. [PMID: 32032418 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dehydrated fruits, including dried coconut (Cocos nucifera) and dried apple (Malus sp.) slices, have been the subject of manufacturer recalls due to contamination with Salmonella. A study was conducted to determine the survival of Salmonella on apple slices of six apple cultivars after dehydration and also following treatment with antimicrobial solutions (0.5%, w/w) and dehydration. Samples of six apple cultivars (Envy, Gala, Red Delicious, Fuji, Pink Lady, Granny Smith) were cored and sliced into 0.4-cm rings, halved, inoculated with a five-strain composite of desiccation-resistant Salmonella, and dehydrated at 60°C for 5 h. Subsequently, Gala apple slices were treated in 0.5% solutions of one of eight antimicrobial rinses for 2 min and then dehydrated at 60°C for 5 h. Antimicrobial solutions used were potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and sodium bisulfate. Reduction of Salmonella populations varied according to apple cultivar. Salmonella survival on Envy, Gala, Red Delicious, Fuji, Pink Lady, and Granny Smith was 5.92, 5.58, 4.83, 4.68, 4.45, and 3.84 log CFU, respectively. There was significantly greater (P < 0.05) Salmonella inactivation on Granny Smith, Pink Lady, and Fuji apples than on Gala and Envy. Survival of Salmonella on Gala apple slices following dehydration was 5.58 log CFU for the untreated control and 4.76, 3.90, 3.29, 3.13, 2.89, 2.83, 2.64, and 0.0 log CFU for those treated with potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, and sodium bisulfate, respectively. Pretreatment of apple slices with either fumaric acid or sodium bisulfate before dehydration led to lower Salmonella survival than pretreatment with all other antimicrobial treatments. Lower apple pH was statistically correlated (P < 0.05) with decreasing survival of Salmonella following dehydration. These results may provide methodology applicable to the food industry for increasing the inactivation of Salmonella during the dehydration of apple slices. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Gurtler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Susanne E Keller
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501
| | - Xuetong Fan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551
| | - O Modesto Olanya
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551
| | - Tony Jin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8551
| | - Mary J Camp
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 003, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
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17
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Swart RM, le Roux F, Naude A, de Jongh NW, Nicol W. Fumarate production with Rhizopus oryzae: utilising the Crabtree effect to minimise ethanol by-product formation. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:22. [PMID: 32021653 PMCID: PMC6995092 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The four-carbon dicarboxylic acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (malate, fumarate and succinate) remain promising bio-based alternatives to various precursor chemicals derived from fossil-based feed stocks. The double carbon bond in fumarate, in addition to the two terminal carboxylic groups, opens up an array of downstream reaction possibilities, where replacement options for petrochemical derived maleic anhydride are worth mentioning. To date the most promising organism for producing fumarate is Rhizopus oryzae (ATCC 20344, also referred to as Rhizopus delemar) that naturally excretes fumarate under nitrogen-limited conditions. Fumarate excretion in R. oryzae is always associated with the co-excretion of ethanol, an unwanted metabolic product from the fermentation. Attempts to eliminate ethanol production classically focus on enhanced oxygen availability within the mycelium matrix. In this study our immobilised R. oryzae process was employed to investigate and utilise the Crabtree characteristics of the organism in order to establish the limits of ethanol by-product formation under growth and non-growth conditions. RESULTS All fermentations were performed with either nitrogen excess (growth phase) or nitrogen limitation (production phase) where medium replacements were done between the growth and the production phase. Initial experiments employed excess glucose for both growth and production, while the oxygen partial pressure was varied between a dissolved oxygen of 18.4% and 85%. Ethanol was formed during both growth and production phases and the oxygen partial pressure had zero influence on the response. Results clearly indicated that possible anaerobic zones within the mycelium were not responsible for ethanol formation, hinting that ethanol is formed under fully aerobic conditions as a metabolic overflow product. For Crabtree-positive organisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae ethanol overflow is manipulated by controlling the glucose input to the fermentation. The same strategy was employed for R. oryzae for both growth and production fermentations. It was shown that all ethanol can be eliminated during growth for a glucose addition rate of 0.07 g L - 1 h - 1 . The production phase behaved in a similar manner, where glucose addition of 0.197 g L - 1 h - 1 resulted in fumarate production of 0.150 g L - 1 h - 1 and a yield of 0.802 g g - 1 fumarate on glucose. Further investigation into the effect of glucose addition revealed that ethanol overflow commences at a glucose addition rate of 0.395 g g - 1 h - 1 on biomass, while the maximum glucose uptake rate was established to be between 0.426 and 0.533 g g - 1 h - 1 . CONCLUSIONS The results conclusively prove that R. oryzae is a Crabtree-positive organism and that the characteristic can be utilised to completely discard ethanol by-product formation. A state referred to as "homofumarate production" was illustrated, where all carbon input exits the cell as either fumarate or respiratory CO 2 . The highest biomass-based "homofumarate production": rate of 0.243 g g - 1 h - 1 achieved a yield of 0.802 g g - 1 on glucose, indicating the bounds for developing an ethanol free process. The control strategy employed in this study in conjunction with the uncomplicated scalability of the immobilised process provides new direction for further developing bio-fumarate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben M. Swart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Francois le Roux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Andre Naude
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Nicolaas W. de Jongh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria South Africa
| | - Willie Nicol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, 0002 Pretoria South Africa
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18
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Jeon MJ, Ha JW. Inactivating foodborne pathogens in apple juice by combined treatment with fumaric acid and ultraviolet-A light, and mechanisms of their synergistic bactericidal action. Food Microbiol 2019; 87:103387. [PMID: 31948628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the bactericidal efficacy of the simultaneous application of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation and fumaric acid (FA) against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in apple juice and as well as investigated the effects of this treatment on product quality. Further, we elucidated the mechanisms underlying their synergistic bactericidal action. Simultaneous UV-A light irradiation and 0.1% FA treatment for 30 min resulted in 6.65-, 6.27-, and 6.49-log CFU/ml reductions in E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes, respectively, which involved 3.15, 2.21, and 3.43 log CFU reductions, respectively, and these were attributed to the synergistic action of the combined treatments. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the combined UVA-FA treatment resulted in significantly greater bacterial cell membrane damage and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. UVA-FA treatment for 30 min did not cause significant changes to the color, nonenzymatic browning index, pH, and total phenolic content of apple juice. These results suggest that combined UVA-FA treatment can be effectively used to control foodborne pathogens in apple juice without affecting its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jin Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Food & Bio-industry Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, 17579, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Food & Bio-industry Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, 17579, South Korea.
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19
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Morata A, Bañuelos MA, López C, Song C, Vejarano R, Loira I, Palomero F, Suarez Lepe JA. Use of fumaric acid to control pH and inhibit malolactic fermentation in wines. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:228-238. [PMID: 31697220 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1684574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fumaric acid is an additive allowed by the Codex Alimentarius and under evaluation by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) that can be used for wine acidification but also to inhibit malolactic fermentation (MLF). The use of 300-900 mg/L of fumaric acid can inhibit MLF in red wines decreasing pH by 0.2 units or more depending on the buffer capacity. When MLF was running with populations of either 7 or 8 log CFU/mL strain alpha (Oenococcus oeni) the application of 600 mg/L of fumaric acid stopped the process for more than 50 days and cells were undetected in specific media. In triangular tastings, fumaric acid was not detected at 300-600 mg/L (p < .05). In subsequent preference tests, some tasters perceived more acidity and body. Fumaric acid is a useful technological additive to improve wine microbiological stability and freshness, also allowing reduction of SO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Morata
- EnotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antonia Bañuelos
- Biotechnology-Vegetal Biology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen López
- EnotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chenli Song
- EnotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vejarano
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN), Trujillo, Peru
| | - Iris Loira
- EnotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Palomero
- EnotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Suarez Lepe
- EnotecUPM, Chemistry and Food Technology Department, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Papadaki A, Papapostolou H, Alexandri M, Kopsahelis N, Papanikolaou S, de Castro AM, Freire DMG, Koutinas AA. Fumaric acid production using renewable resources from biodiesel and cane sugar production processes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:35960-35970. [PMID: 29654455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbial production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus arrhizus NRRL 2582 has been evaluated using soybean cake from biodiesel production processes and very high polarity (VHP) sugar from sugarcane mills. Soybean cake was converted into a nutrient-rich hydrolysate via a two-stage bioprocess involving crude enzyme production via solid state fermentations (SSF) of either Aspergillus oryzae or R. arrhizus cultivated on soybean cake followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean cake. The soybean cake hydrolysate produced using crude enzymes derived via SSF of R. arrhizus was supplemented with VHP sugar and evaluated using different initial free amino nitrogen (FAN) concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/L) in fed-batch cultures for fumaric acid production. The highest fumaric acid concentration (27.3 g/L) and yield (0.7 g/g of total consumed sugars) were achieved when the initial FAN concentration was 200 mg/L. The combination of VHP sugar with soybean cake hydrolysate derived from crude enzymes produced by SSF of A. oryzae at 200 mg/L initial FAN concentration led to the production of 40 g/L fumaric acid with a yield of 0.86 g/g of total consumed sugars. The utilization of sugarcane molasses led to low fumaric acid production by R. arrhizus, probably due to the presence of various minerals and phenolic compounds. The promising results achieved through the valorization of VHP sugar and soybean cake suggest that a focused study on molasses pretreatment could lead to enhanced fumaric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Papapostolou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Alexandri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Ionian Islands, Argostoli, 28100, Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Denise M G Freire
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Lab, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 549, Brazil
| | - Apostolis A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Ilica RA, Kloetzer L, Galaction AI, Caşcaval D. Fumaric acid: production and separation. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:47-57. [PMID: 30506453 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fumaric acid is a valuable compound used in foods, beverages, detergents, animal feed, pharmaceuticals and miscellaneous industrial products. It is produced on a large scale by the petrochemical route but the current tendency is towards implementing "green production" and environmental friendly technologies like biotechnological production of fumaric acid using low-cost raw materials. In this context, numerous studies focus on improving the fermentation process not only by using renewable raw material and genetically modified microorganisms, but also by developing and applying different downstream techniques for easy recovery of fumaric acid from the fermented broth. This review presents the main methods for production and separation of fumaric acid, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of these and the potential economic impact in industry.
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22
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Liu H, Song R, Liang Y, Zhang T, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. Genetic manipulation of Escherichia coli central carbon metabolism for efficient production of fumaric acid. Bioresour Technol 2018; 270:96-102. [PMID: 30212779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fumaric acid is one of the top 12-biomass building-block chemicals. In this study, we reported manipulation of E. coli central carbon metabolism with the aim to decrease the by-products and improve fumaric acid production. PEP-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system was replaced with a galactose translocation system to minimize the consumption of phosphoenolpyruvate. Engineering anaplerotic pathway (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) was employed to redistribute carbon flux from glycolysis to Krebs cycle. Deletion of malate dehydrogenase and overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthase could decrease the byproducts malic acid and acetic acid. The combined strategies led to fumaric acid yield up to 1.53 g/g dry cell weight, a 50% increase compared with the parental strain. The result demonstrated that these genetic modifications were effective strategies for improving the production of fumaric acid and the engineered strain may serve a platform microbial cell factory for efficient production of fumaric acid or other dicarboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ruirui Song
- Institute of Food and Agriculture Standardization, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yue Liang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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23
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Kowalczyk S, Komoń-Janczara E, Glibowska A, Kuzdraliński A, Czernecki T, Targoński Z. A co-utilization strategy to consume glycerol and monosaccharides by Rhizopus strains for fumaric acid production. AMB Express 2018; 8:69. [PMID: 29713843 PMCID: PMC5928016 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Rhizopus oryzae to produce fumaric acid in the presence of glycerol and/or various monosaccharides as carbon sources was examined for seventeen different strains of this fungi. These strains were tested in shake-flask cultures on media containing glycerol and seven different carbohydrates, including glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose. An interesting and applicationally useful phenomenon was observed. This work presents a new approach to the conventional microbiological method of producing fumaric acid. In the presence of 40 g/l glycerol as the sole carbon source, fumaric acid production reached 0.16–6.1 g/l after 192 h. When monosaccharides were used as a single carbon source, the maximum fumaric acid concentration was much higher; for example, 19.8 g/l was achieved when 40 g/l xylose was used. In the co-fermentation of xylose (40 g/l) and glycerol (20 g/l), post-culture broth contained approx. 28.0 g/l of fumaric acid with a process yield of 0.90 g/g after 168 h. The production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae was also increased in the dual presence of glycerol and monosaccharides like fructose, galactose, and mannose. However, results obtained on glucose-glycerol-based medium did not follow this trend, showing instead complete utilization of glucose with significant glycerol consumption, but unexpectedly low final amounts of fumaric acid and process yields. Understanding how Rhizopus oryzae utilize various carbon sources may provide alternative avenues of fumaric acid fermentation.
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Li Z, Liu N, Cao Y, Jin C, Li F, Cai C, Yao J. Effects of fumaric acid supplementation on methane production and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:21. [PMID: 29449940 PMCID: PMC5806233 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In rumen fermentation, fumaric acid (FA) could competitively utilize hydrogen with methanogenesis to enhance propionate production and suppress methane emission, but both effects were diet-dependent. This study aimed to explore the effects of FA supplementation on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size. Methods Four rumen-cannulated goats were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: low or high ratio of forage particle size: concentrate particle size (Fps:Cps), without or with FA supplementation (24 g/d). Fps:Cps was higher in the diet with chopped alfalfa hay plus ground corn than in that with ground alfalfa hay plus crushed corn. Results Both increasing dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation shifted ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) patterns toward more propionate and less acetate in goats. An interaction between dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation was observed for the ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P), which was more predominant when FA was supplemented in the low-Fps:Cps diet. Methane production was reduced by FA, and the reduction was larger in the low-Fps:Cps diet (31.72%) than in the high-Fps:Cps diet (17.91%). Fumaric acid decreased ruminal total VFA concentration and increased ruminal pH. No difference was found in ruminal DM degradation of concentrate or alfalfa hay by dietary Fps:Cps or FA. Goats presented a lower ruminal methanogen abundance with FA supplementation and a higher B. fibrisolvens abundance with high dietary Fps:Cps. Conclusions Adjusting dietary Fps:Cps is an alternative dietary model for studying diet-dependent effects without changing dietary chemical composition. Fumaric acid supplementation in the low-Fps:Cps diet showed greater responses in methane mitigation and propionate increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjun Li
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Nannan Liu
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Chunjia Jin
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Fei Li
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China.,2College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Junhu Yao
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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Gu S, Li J, Chen B, Sun T, Liu Q, Xiao D, Tian C. Metabolic engineering of the thermophilic filamentous fungus Myceliophthora thermophila to produce fumaric acid. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:323. [PMID: 30534201 PMCID: PMC6278111 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumaric acid is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries and is recognized as a versatile industrial chemical feedstock. Increasing concerns about energy and environmental problems have resulted in a focus on fumaric acid production by microbial fermentation via bioconversion of renewable feedstocks. Filamentous fungi are the predominant microorganisms used to produce organic acids, including fumaric acid, and most studies to date have focused on Rhizopus species. Thermophilic filamentous fungi have many advantages for the production of compounds by industrial fermentation. However, no previous studies have focused on fumaric acid production by thermophilic fungi. RESULTS We explored the feasibility of producing fumarate by metabolically engineering Myceliophthora thermophila using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Screening of fumarases suggested that the fumarase from Candida krusei was the most suitable for efficient production of fumaric acid in M. thermophila. Introducing the C. krusei fumarase into M. thermophila increased the titer of fumaric acid by threefold. To further increase fumarate production, the intracellular fumarate digestion pathway was disrupted. After deletion of the two fumarate reductase and the mitochondrial fumarase genes of M. thermophila, the resulting strain exhibited a 2.33-fold increase in fumarate titer. Increasing the pool size of malate, the precursor of fumaric acid, significantly increased the final fumaric acid titer. Finally, disruption of the malate-aspartate shuttle increased the intracellular malate content by 2.16-fold and extracellular fumaric acid titer by 42%, compared with that of the parental strain. The strategic metabolic engineering of multiple genes resulted in a final strain that could produce up to 17 g/L fumaric acid from glucose in a fed-batch fermentation process. CONCLUSIONS This is the first metabolic engineering study on the production of fumaric acid by the thermophilic filamentous fungus M. thermophila. This cellulolytic fungal platform provides a promising method for the sustainable and efficient-cost production of fumaric acid from lignocellulose-derived carbon sources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Gu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Bingchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
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Ivanovski I, Ješić M, Ivanovski A, Garavelli L, Ivanovski P. Metabolically based liver damage pathophysiology in patients with urea cycle disorders - A new hypothesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7930-7938. [PMID: 29209134 PMCID: PMC5703922 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i44.7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathophysiology of liver dysfunction in urea cycle disorders (UCDs) is still largely elusive. There is some evidence that the accumulation of urea cycle (UC) intermediates are toxic for hepatocyte mitochondria. It is possible that liver injury is directly caused by the toxicity of ammonia. The rarity of UCDs, the lack of checking of iron level in these patients, superficial knowledge of UC and an underestimation of the metabolic role of fumaric acid, are the main reasons that are responsible for the incomprehension of the mechanism of liver injury in patients suffering from UCDs. Owing to our routine clinical practice to screen for iron overload in severely ill neonates, with the focus on the newborns suffering from acute liver failure, we report a case of citrullinemia with neonatal liver failure and high blood parameters of iron overload. We hypothesize that the key is in the decreased-deficient fumaric acid production in the course of UC in UCDs that causes several sequentially intertwined metabolic disturbances with final result of liver iron overload. The presented hypothesis could be easily tested by examining the patients suffering from UCDs, for liver iron overload. This could be easily performed in countries with a high population and comprehensive national register for inborn errors of metabolism. Conclusion: Providing the hypothesis is correct, neonatal liver damage in patients having UCD can be prevented by the supplementation of pregnant women with fumaric or succinic acid, prepared in the form of iron supplementation pills. After birth, liver damage in patients having UCDs can be prevented by supplementation of these patients with zinc fumarate or zinc succinylate, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanovski
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Miloš Ješić
- School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- University Children’s Hospital, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ana Ivanovski
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Petar Ivanovski
- School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- University Children’s Hospital, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Cai Q, Xue J, Wang Q, Du Y. Solid-state cocrystal formation between acyclovir and fumaric acid: Terahertz and Raman vibrational spectroscopic studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 186:29-36. [PMID: 28605686 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of solid-state acyclovir, fumaric acid and their cocrystal have been investigated by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. In experimental THz spectra, the cocrystal has absorption peaks in 0.65, 0.94 and 1.10THz respectively, while the raw materials are absolutely different in this region. Raman spectra also show similar results about differences between the cocrystal and raw materials. Density functional theory (DFT) was performed to simulate vibrational modes of different theoretical forms between acyclovir and fumaric acid. The calculation of theoretical THz spectra shows that O8C7N1H27 and the carboxyl group COOH establish a dimer theoretical cocrystal form by the hydrogen bonding effect, which makes contributions to the formation of absorption peaks in 0.70, 1.01 and 1.34THz, and agrees well with experimental observations. The theoretical Raman result also indicates that this dimer form matches with experimental results. The characteristic bands of the cocrystal between acyclovir and fumaric acid are also assigned based on the simulation results from the DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiadan Xue
- Department of Chemisty, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yong Du
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Liu H, Zhao S, Jin Y, Yue X, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. Production of fumaric acid by immobilized Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13-9# on loofah fiber in a stirred-tank reactor. Bioresour Technol 2017; 244:929-933. [PMID: 28847082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fumaric acid is an important building-block chemical. The production of fumaric acid by fermentation is possible. Loofah fiber is a natural, biodegradable, renewable polymer material with highly sophisticated and pore structure. This work investigated a new immobilization method using loofah fiber as carrier to produce fumaric acid in a stirred-tank reactor. Compared with other carriers, loofah fiber was proven to be efficiently and successfully used in the reactor. After the optimization process, 20g addition of loofah fiber and 400rpm agitation speed were chosen as the most suitable process conditions. 30.3g/L fumaric acid in the broth as well as 19.16g fumaric acid in the precipitation of solid was achieved, while the yield from glucose reached 0.211g/g. Three batches of fermentation using the same loofah fiber carrier were conducted successfully, which meant it provided a new method to produce fumaric acid in a stirred-tank reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuhan Jin
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xuemin Yue
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Amoy - BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Liu H, Yue X, Jin Y, Wang M, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. Preparation of hydrolytic liquid from dried distiller's grains with solubles and fumaric acid fermentation by Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13. J Environ Manage 2017; 201:172-176. [PMID: 28662421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fumaric acid production from lignocellulosic materials is an alternative chemicals production system. This work investigated the suitable conditions for hydrolysis of dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS). The hydrolytic liquid was subsequently used for the production of fumaric acid. After optimizing the hydrolysis conditions, the most suitable concentration of H2SO4 (2%), hydrolysis temperature (120 °C), hydrolysis time (100min) and solid/liquid ratio (1:10) were obtained. The yield of monosaccharides reached 258 mg/g DDGS and 15.88 g/L glucose, 7.53 g/L xylose and 2.35 g/L arabinose were obtained in unprocessed hydrolytic liquid. The furfural inhibitor in the hydrolytic liquid was also detected and the yield of it was reducing progressively in the pretreatment process. The ferment ability of the hydrolytic liquid from DDGS was tested through the process of fumaric acid production by Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13. The unprocessed hydrolytic liquid was not appropriate for the fermentation process. The yield of fumaric acid from the concentrated processed hydrolytic liquid reached 18.93 g/L, which was close to the yield of fermenting 80 g/L glucose. This result indicated that the commonly used carbon resource glucose could to some extent be replaced by processed hydrolytic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xuemin Yue
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yuhan Jin
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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Liu H, Hu H, Jin Y, Yue X, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. Co-fermentation of a mixture of glucose and xylose to fumaric acid by Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13-9. Bioresour Technol 2017; 233:30-33. [PMID: 28258993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is the most abundant biomass, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It can be converted into glucose and xylose, which could be utilized as carbon source to produce fumaric acid. But glucose and xylose were commonly used separately to produce fumaric acid, while the co-fermentation of glucose and xylose process was not studied so far. In this work, the co-fermentation process was researched through a new strain R. arrhizus RH 7-13-9# isolated from high concentration xylose. It was firstly proven to utilize glucose efficiently and 37.52g/L fumaric acid was obtained from 80g/L glucose. Furthermore, the effect of different ratios of glucose/xylose and carbon/nitrogen in the co-fermentation process was investigated and the best ratios were 75/25 (w/w) and 800/1 (w/w), where the yield of fumaric acid reached 46.78g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Huirong Hu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuhan Jin
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xuemin Yue
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Du Y, Cai Q, Xue J, Zhang Q, Qin D. Structural investigation of the cocrystal formed between 5-fluorocytosine and fumaric acid based on vibrational spectroscopic technique. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 178:251-257. [PMID: 28213313 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of 5-fluorocytosine, fumaric acid and their cocrystal were measured using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. Experimental THz results show that the cocrystal has distinct fingerprint spectra in terahertz region. The absorption peaks observed in the terahertz spectra of the cocrystal were at 0.61 and 0.91THz. These are quite different from corresponding raw starting materials. Raman spectra also show similar results about differences between the cocrystal and corresponding raw starting materials. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to simulate the structure of the possible salt form and the cocrystal form between 5-fluorocytosine and fumaric acid. The theoretical terahertz result shows that the cocrystal form has absorption at 0.62 and 0.87THz, which is in agreement with the experimental result. The theoretical Raman result also indicates that the cocrystal form has more possibilities than the salt form. So, it is more reasonable that the structure between 5-fluorocytosine and fumaric acid could be the corresponding cocrystal form. The characteristic bands of the cocrystal between 5-fluorocytosine and fumaric acid are also assigned based on the simulation results from the DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Qiang Cai
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiadan Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dan Qin
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Pan X, Liu H, Liu J, Wang C, Wen J. Omics-based approaches reveal phospholipids remodeling of Rhizopus oryzae responding to furfural stress for fumaric acid-production from xylose. Bioresour Technol 2016; 222:24-32. [PMID: 27697734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to relieve the toxicity of furfural on Rhizopus oryzae fermentation, the molecular mechanism of R. oryzae responding to furfural stress for fumaric acid-production was investigated by omics-based approaches. In metabolomics analysis, 29 metabolites including amino acid, sugars, polyols and fatty acids showed significant changes for maintaining the basic cell metabolism at the cost of lowering fumaric acid production. To further uncover the survival mechanism, lipidomics was carried out, revealing that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and polyunsaturated acyl chains might be closely correlated with R. oryzae's adapting to furfural stress. Based on the above omics analysis, lecithin, inositol and soybean oil were exogenously supplemented separately with an optimized concentration in the presence of furfural, which increased fumaric acid titer from 5.78g/L to 10.03g/L, 10.05g/L and 12.13g/L (increased by 73.5%, 73.8% and 110%, respectively). These findings provide a methodological guidance for hemicellulose-fumaric acid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Pan
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Fiedler SE, Kerns AR, Tsang C, Tsang V, Bourdette D, Salinthone S. Dimethyl fumarate activates the prostaglandin EP2 receptor and stimulates cAMP signaling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:19-24. [PMID: 27157139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing remitting MS. The pathology of MS is a result of both immune dysregulation and oxidative stress induced damage, and DMF is believed to have therapeutic effects on both of these processes. However, the mechanisms of action of DMF are not fully understood. To determine if DMF is able to activate signaling cascades that affect immune dysregulation, we treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with DMF. We discovered that DMF stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production after 1 min treatment in vitro. cAMP is a small molecule second messenger that has been shown to modulate immune response. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we determined that adenylyl cyclase mediates DMF induced cAMP production; DMF activated the prostaglandin EP2 receptor to produce cAMP. This response was not due to increased endogenous production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but was enhanced by addition of exogenous PGE2. Furthermore, we determined that the bioactive metabolite of DMF, monomethyl fumarate (MMF), also stimulates cAMP production. These novel findings suggest that DMF may provide protection against MS by inhibiting immune cell function via the cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fiedler
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amelia R Kerns
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Catherine Tsang
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Vivian Tsang
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dennis Bourdette
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sonemany Salinthone
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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34
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Qiao Y, Tomonaga S, Matsui T, Funaba M. Modulation of the cellular content of metabolites in adipocytes by insulin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 424:71-80. [PMID: 26811873 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the insulin-mediated cell signaling pathway has been extensively examined, changes in the cellular content of metabolites currently remain unclear. We herein examined metabolite contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with insulin using a metabolomic analysis. Fifty-four compounds were detected, and the contents of metabolites from the citric acid cycle increased in response to the insulin treatment for 4 h, which was sensitive to U0126 and LY294002, inhibitors for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, respectively. The cellular contents of fumaric acid and malic acid were increased more by insulin than those of citric acid and succinic acid. Time-course changes in metabolites from the citric acid cycle exhibited oscillations with a 2-h cycle. A metabolic pathway analysis also indicated that insulin affected the metabolism of alanine, aspartate and glutamate, as well as that of arginine and proline. The contents of free amino acids were slightly decreased by the insulin treatment, while the co-treatment with U0126 and LY294002 abrogated these insulin-mediated decreases. The present study revealed the unexpected accumulation of citric acid cycle metabolites in adipocytes by insulin. Our results indicate the usefulness of metabolomic analyses for obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of the regulation of metabolic pathways in cell-culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Qiao
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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35
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Du Y, Fang HX, Zhang Q, Zhang HL, Hong Z. Spectroscopic investigation on cocrystal formation between adenine and fumaric acid based on infrared and Raman techniques. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 153:580-585. [PMID: 26436846 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As an important component of double-stranded DNA, adenine has powerful hydrogen-bond capability, due to rich hydrogen bond donors and acceptors existing within its molecular structure. Therefore, it is easy to form cocrystal between adenine and other small molecules with intermolecular hydrogen-bond effect. In this work, cocrystal of adenine and fumaric acid has been characterized as model system by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral techniques. The experimental results show that the cocrystal formed between adenine and fumaric acid possesses unique spectroscopical characteristic compared with that of starting materials. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation has been performed to optimize the molecular structures and simulate vibrational modes of adenine, fumaric acid and the corresponding cocrystal. Combining the theoretical and experimental vibrational results, the characteristic bands corresponding to bending and stretching vibrations of amino and carbonyl groups within cocrystal are shifted into lower frequencies upon cocrystal formation, and the corresponding bond lengths show some increase due to the effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Different vibrational modes shown in the experimental spectra have been assigned based on the simulation DFT results. The study could provide experimental and theoretical benchmarks to characterize cocrystal formed between active ingredients and cocrystal formers and also the intermolecular hydrogen-bond effect within cocrystal formation process by vibrational spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Hong Xia Fang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Li Zhang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhi Hong
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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36
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Miglio G, Sabatino AD, Veglia E, Giraudo MT, Beccuti M, Cordero F. A computational analysis of S-(2-succino)cysteine sites in proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1864:211-8. [PMID: 26589354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adduction of fumaric acid to the sulfhydryl group of certain cysteine (Cys) residues in proteins via a Michael-like reaction leads to the formation of S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC) sites. Although its role remains to be fully understood, this post-translational Cys modification (protein succination) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes/obesity and fumarate hydratase-related diseases. In this study, theoretical approaches to address sequence- and 3D-structure-based features possibly underlying the specificity of protein succination have been applied to perform the first analysis of the available data on the succinate proteome. A total of 182 succinated proteins, 205 modifiable, and 1750 non-modifiable sites have been examined. The rate of 2SC sites per protein ranged from 1 to 3, and the overall relative abundance of modifiable sites was 10.8%. Modifiable and non-modifiable sites were not distinguishable when the hydrophobicity of the Cys-flaking peptides, the acid dissociation constant value of the sulfhydryl groups, and the secondary structure of the Cys-containing segments were compared. By contrast, significant differences were determined when the accessibility of the sulphur atoms and the amino acid composition of the Cys-flaking peptides were analysed. Based on these findings, a sequence-based score function has been evaluated as a descriptor for Cys residues. In conclusion, our results indicate that modifiable and non-modifiable sites form heterogeneous subsets when features often discussed to describe Cys reactivity are examined. However, they also suggest that some differences exist, which may constitute the baseline for further investigations aimed at the development of predictive methods for 2SC sites in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Miglio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Eleonora Veglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giraudo
- Dipartimento di Matematica "Giuseppe Peano", Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Beccuti
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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37
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Huang D, Wang R, Du W, Wang G, Xia M. Activation of glycerol metabolic pathway by evolutionary engineering of Rhizopus oryzae to strengthen the fumaric acid biosynthesis from crude glycerol. Bioresour Technol 2015; 196:263-272. [PMID: 26253910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae is strictly inhibited by biodiesel-based by-product crude glycerol, which results in low fumaric acid production. In this study, evolutionary engineering was employed to activate the glycerol utilization pathway for fumaric acid production. An evolved strain G80 was selected, which could tolerate and utilize high concentrations of crude glycerol to produce 14.9g/L fumaric acid with a yield of 0.248g/g glycerol. Key enzymes activity analysis revealed that the evolved strain displayed a significant upregulation in glycerol dissimilation, pyruvate consumption and reductive tricarboxylic acid pathways, compared with the parent strain. Subsequently, intracellular metabolic profiling analysis showed that amino acid biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid and stress response metabolites accounted for metabolic difference between two strains. Moreover, a glycerol fed-batch strategy was optimized to obtain the highest fumaric acid production of 25.5g/L, significantly increased by 20.9-fold than that of the parent strain of 1.2g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Ru Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenjie Du
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Guanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Menglei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
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Wu Z, Cravotto G, Adrians M, Ondruschka B, Li W. Critical factors in sonochemical degradation of fumaric acid. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 27:148-152. [PMID: 26186831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of critical factors such as Henry's Law constant, atmospheric OH rate constant, initial concentration, H2O2, FeSO4 and tert-butanol on the sonochemical degradation of fumaric acid have been investigated. The pseudo first-order rate constant for the sonochemical degradation of 1mM fumaric acid is much lower than those for chloroform and phenol degradation, and is related to solute concentration at the bubble/water interface and reactivity towards hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, fumaric acid is preferentially oxidized at the lower initial concentration. It is unreactive to H2O2 under agitation at room temperature. However, the degradation rate of fumaric acid increases with the addition of H2O2 under sonication. 0.1 mM of fumaric acid suppresses H2O2 formation thanks to water sonolysis, while degradation behavior is also dramatically affected by the addition of an oxidative catalyst (FeSO4) or radical scavenger (tert-butanol), indicating that the degradation of fumaric acid is caused by hydroxyl radicals generated during the collapse of high-energy cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Wu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Jiangwangmiaostr. 8, 210042 Nanjing, China; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marcus Adrians
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr. 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Ondruschka
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr. 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Weixin Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Jiangwangmiaostr. 8, 210042 Nanjing, China
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Liu H, Wang W, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. High production of fumaric acid from xylose by newly selected strain Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13-9#. Bioresour Technol 2015; 186:348-350. [PMID: 25862014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fumaric acid, as an important material for polymerization, is highly expected to be produced by fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass which is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Xylose as the main component of hemicellulose cannot be efficiently utilized by most of the common fermentation. In this study, a new strain Rhizopus arrhizus RH 7-13-9# was selected from the R. arrhizus RH 7-13 through a novel convenient and efficient selection method. Efficient production of fumaric acid (45.31 g/L) from xylose was achieved by the new strain, and the volumetric productivity was still 0.472 g/L h. Moreover, the conversion of xylose reached 73% which is close to the theoretic yield (77%). The production of fumaric acid was increased approximate by 172%, compared with the initial strain counterpart. These results indicated that xylose, as the main component of hemicellulose, has a promising application for the production of fumaric acid on an industrial-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Weinan Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Amoy - BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Wei L, Liu J, Qi H, Wen J. Engineering Scheffersomyces stipitis for fumaric acid production from xylose. Bioresour Technol 2015; 187:246-254. [PMID: 25863201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Scheffersomyces stipitis, the yeast with excellent xylose-utilizing ability, was firstly engineered for fumaric acid production from xylose with the heterologous reductive pathway from Rhizopus oryzae FM19, and 1.86g/L fumaric acid was produced by the initial strain PSRPMF under the oxygen-limited condition. Furthermore, three strategies were performed to improve the fumaric acid production, including increasing the reductive pathway activity by codon optimization, blocking the fumaric acid conversion in tricarboxylic acid cycle by knocking out the native fumarases, and improving the fumaric acid transportation by overexpressing heterologous transporter. Finally, the strain PSYPMFfS was obtained and the fumaric acid titer reached to 4.67g/L, significantly increased by 37.92-fold than that of the control strain PSPYSS. It was indicated that the S. stipitis was a promising platform for fumaric acid production from xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Wang G, Huang D, Li Y, Wen J, Jia X. A metabolic-based approach to improve xylose utilization for fumaric acid production from acid pretreated wheat bran by Rhizopus oryzae. Bioresour Technol 2015; 180:119-127. [PMID: 25594507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, wheat bran (WB) was utilized as feedstock to synthesize fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae. Firstly, the pretreatment process of WB by dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis undertaken at 100°C for 30min offered the best performance for fumaric acid production. Subsequently, through optimizing the seed culture medium, a suitable morphology (0.55mm pellets diameter) of R. oryzae was obtained. Furthermore, a metabolic-based approach was developed to profile the differences of intracellular metabolites concentration of R. oryzae between xylose (the abundant sugar in wheat bran hydrolysate (WBH)) and glucose metabolism. The xylitol, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, ribulose 5-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, proline and serine were responsible for fumaric acid biosynthesis limitation in xylose fermentation. Consequently, regulation strategies were proposed, leading to a 149% increase in titer (up to 15.4g/L). Finally, by combinatorial regulation strategies the highest production was 20.2g/L from WBH, 477% higher than that of initial medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China
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Tango CN, Mansur AR, Oh DH. Fumaric Acid and Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water Inactivate Gram Positive and Gram Negative Foodborne Pathogens. Microorganisms 2015; 3:34-46. [PMID: 27682077 PMCID: PMC5023231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanitizing effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and fumaric acid (FA) at different dipping temperatures (25-60 °C), times (1-5 min), and concentrations (5-30 ppm for SAEW and 0.125%-0.5% for FA) on pure cultures of two Gram positive pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and two Gram negative pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) was evaluated. FA (0.25%) showed the strongest sanitizing effect, demonstrating complete inactivation of EC, ST, and LM, while SA was reduced by 3.95-5.76 log CFU/mL at 25-60 °C, respectively, after 1 min of treatment. For SAEW, the complete inactivation was obtained when available chlorine concentration was increased to 20 ppm at 40 °C for 3 and 5 min. Moreover, Gram positive pathogens have been shown to resist to all treatment trends more than Gram negative pathogens throughout this experiment. Regardless of the different dipping temperatures, concentrations, and times, FA treatment was more effective than treatment with SAEW for reduction of foodborne pathogens. This study demonstrated that application of FA in food systems may be useful as a method for inactivation of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nkufi Tango
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 dong, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Ahmad Rois Mansur
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 dong, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Hyoja 2 dong, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea.
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Li N, Zhang B, Wang Z, Tang YJ, Chen T, Zhao X. Engineering Escherichia coli for fumaric acid production from glycerol. Bioresour Technol 2014; 174:81-7. [PMID: 25463785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The evolved mutant Escherichia coli E2 previously developed for succinate production from glycerol was engineered in this study for fumaric acid production under aerobic conditions. Through deletion of three fumarases, 3.65g/L fumaric acid was produced with the yield of 0.25mol/mol glycerol and a large amount of acetate was accumulated as the main byproduct. In order to reduce acetate production several strategies were attempted, among which increasing the flux of the anaplerotic pathways through overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene ppc or the glyoxylate shunt operon aceBA effectively reduced acetate and improved fumaric acid production. In fed-batch culture, the resulting strain EF02(pSCppc) produced 41.5g/L fumaric acid from glycerol with 70% of the maximum theoretical yield and an overall productivity of 0.51g/L/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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44
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Prochaska K, Staszak K, Woźniak-Budych MJ, Regel-Rosocka M, Adamczak M, Wiśniewski M, Staniewski J. Nanofiltration, bipolar electrodialysis and reactive extraction hybrid system for separation of fumaric acid from fermentation broth. Bioresour Technol 2014; 167:219-25. [PMID: 24983693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach based on a hybrid system allowing nanofiltration, bipolar electrodialysis and reactive extraction, was proposed to remove fumaric acid from fermentation broth left after bioconversion of glycerol. The fumaric salts can be concentrated in the nanofiltration process to a high yield (80-95% depending on pressure), fumaric acid can be selectively separated from other fermentation components, as well as sodium fumarate can be conversed into the acid form in bipolar electrodialysis process (stack consists of bipolar and anion-exchange membranes). Reactive extraction with quaternary ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) or alkylphosphine oxides (Cyanex 923) solutions (yield between 60% and 98%) was applied as the final step for fumaric acid recovery from aqueous streams after the membrane techniques. The hybrid system permitting nanofiltration, bipolar electrodialysis and reactive extraction was found effective for recovery of fumaric acid from the fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Prochaska
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Staszak
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Joanna Woźniak-Budych
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regel-Rosocka
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michalina Adamczak
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiśniewski
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Staniewski
- Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, pl. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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Zhou Y, Nie K, Zhang X, Liu S, Wang M, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. Production of fumaric acid from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by Rhizopus arrhizus. Bioresour Technol 2014; 163:48-53. [PMID: 24787316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the capability of Rhizopus arrhizus to assimilate biodiesel-derived crude glycerol and convert it into fumaric acid. After optimizing the initial glycerol concentration, spore inoculum and yeast extract concentration, smaller pellets (0.7 mm) and higher biomass (3.11 g/L) were obtained when R. arrhizus grew on crude glycerol. It was found that crude glycerol was more suitable than glucose for smaller R. arrhizus pellet forming. When 80 g/L crude glycerol was used as carbon source, the fumaric acid production of 4.37 g/L was obtained at 192 h. With a highest concentration of 22.81 g/L achieved in the co-fermentation of crude glycerol (40 g/L) and glucose (40 g/L) at 144 h, the fumaric acid production was enhanced by 553.6%, compared to the fermentation using glycerol (80 g/L) as sole carbon source. Moreover, the production cost of fumaric acid in co-fermentation was reduced by approximately 14% compared to glucose fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhou
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Kaili Nie
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Amoy - BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shihong Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Amoy - BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Xu G, Chen X, Liu L, Jiang L. Fumaric acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by simultaneous use of oxidative and reductive routes. Bioresour Technol 2013; 148:91-96. [PMID: 24045196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous use of reductive and oxidative routes to produce fumaric acid was explored. The strain FMME003 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1CΔTHI2) exhibited capability to accumulate pyruvate and was used for fumaric acid production. The fum1 mutant FMME004 could produce fumaric acid via oxidative route, but the introduction of reductive route derived from Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 1526 led to lower fumaric acid production. Analysis of the key factors associated with fumaric acid production revealed that pyruvate carboxylase had a low degree of control over the carbon flow to malic acid. The fumaric acid titer was improved dramatically when the heterologous gene RoPYC was overexpressed and 32 μg/L of biotin was added. Furthermore, under the optimal carbon/nitrogen ratio, the engineered strain FMME004-6 could produce up to 5.64 ± 0.16 g/L of fumaric acid. These results demonstrated that the proposed fermentative method is efficient for fumaric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Roh KB, Jung E, Park D, Lee J. Fumaric acid attenuates the eotaxin-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts by suppressing p38 MAPK-dependent NF-κB signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:423-31. [PMID: 23707484 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Eotaxin-1 is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and a critical mediator during the development of eosinophilic inflammation. Fumaric acid is an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle, which is source of intracellular energy. Although fumaric acid ameliorates psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, its involvement in eotaxin-1-mediated effects has not been assessed. In this study, we investigated the effects of fumaric acid on eotaxin-1 expression in a mouse fibroblast cell line. We found that fumaric acid significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α-induced eotaxin-1 expression. This fumaric acid effect was mediated through the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. We also found that fumaric acid operates downstream of MEKK3 during TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling, which upregulated eotaxin-1 expression. In addition, fumaric acid attenuated expression of CC-chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), an eotaxin-1 receptor, and adhesion molecules that play important roles in eosinophil binding to induce allergic inflammation. Taken together, these findings indicate that inhibiting TNF-α-induced eotaxin-1 expression by fumaric acid occurs primarily through suppression of NF-κB signaling, which is mediated by inhibiting p38 MAPK and suggest that fumaric acid may be used as a complementary treatment option for eotaxin-1-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Baeg Roh
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Sangdaewon-Dong, Seongnam City, 442-13 Gyeonggi Do, Republic of Korea
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Jowkar F, Jamshidzadeh A, Mirzadeh Yazdi A, Pasalar M. The effects of fumaria parviflora L extract on chronic hand eczema: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011; 13:824-8. [PMID: 22737422 DOI: pmid/22737422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand eczema is a common and distressing condition with multiple causes such as atopy, irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Fumaria parviflora, is known as Shahtareh in Persian, is a folk medicine for eczema. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Fumaria parviflora on hand eczema. METHODS In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 44 patients with hand eczema were randomly assigned to apply 4% cream of Fumaria parviflora or vehicle cream to hand twice daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS The reduction of eczema area and severity index score before and two weeks after therapy was statistically significant between vehicle treated and in treated group. Only one patient showed side effects such as erythema and population. CONCLUSION Fumaria parviflora appears to be tolerated by most patients and the findings showed that its extract may be considered as an effective agent for treatment of chronic hand eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jowkar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Moharregh-Khiabani D, Linker R, Gold R, Stangel M. Fumaric Acid and its esters: an emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2009; 7:60-4. [PMID: 19721818 PMCID: PMC2724664 DOI: 10.2174/157015909787602788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fumaric acid is an intermediate product of the citric acid cycle that is a source of intracellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is generated by oxidation of adenylsuccinate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and is then converted to maleate by the enzyme fumarase. At present, fumaric acid esters (FAE) are licensed for the treatment of psoriasis. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects for FAE. Clinical studies in psoriasis showed a reduction of peripheral CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-lymphocytes due to the ability of FAE to induce apoptosis. In vitro studies with the ester dimethyl fumarate (DMF) described an inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-dependent transcription of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced genes in human endothelial cells. Animal studies using a model of central nervous system demyelination, MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), revealed a reduction of microglia and macrophages in inflamed lesions. A phase II clinical study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with a modified fumaric acid ester, BG-12, showed as "proof of principle" a significant reduction in the number of gadolinium enhancing lesions after 24 weeks of treatment as compared to placebo. Further phase III studies have now started to explore the long-term efficacy of FAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moharregh-Khiabani
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - R.A Linker
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital/Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital/Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Podolak RK, Zayas JF, Kastner CL, Fung DYC. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Beef by Application of Organic Acids †. J Food Prot 1996; 59:370-373. [PMID: 31158983 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-59.4.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lean beef surfaces were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes and then sanitized with fumaric, acetic, or lactic acid alone and in combined solutions of those acids at 55°C for 5 s. The initial inoculum level was 8.62 log CFU/cm2 and 5.13 log CFU/cm2 for L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. Fumaric acid at a concentration of 1% was the most effective acid in reducing the populations of L. monocytogenes by up to 1 log unit and E. coli O157:H7 by up to 1.3 log units when compared with acetic or lactic acids. The rank order of acids tested against the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 was fumaric acid followed by lactic and acetic acids. Fumaric acid at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% was more effective than any of the combined solutions of acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Podolak
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - J F Zayas
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C L Kastner
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D Y C Fung
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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