1
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Liu X, Hu KKY, Haritos VS. Enzymatic production of cello-oligosaccharides with potential human prebiotic activity and release of polyphenols from grape marc. Food Chem 2024; 435:137562. [PMID: 37778264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Grape marc, the main winemaking byproduct, is an excellent source of bioactive polyphenols, such as anthocyanins, resveratrol and quercetin. An enzyme-catalysed treatment of marc was developed using endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase to release polyphenol O-glucosides and simultaneously generate the optimal concentration of water-soluble cello-oligosaccharides (COS), including cellopentaose, cellotriose, and cellobiose from the marc matrix. The prebiotic properties of marc hydrolysate rich in COS was assessed using human probiotic monocultures of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. strains, and invitro human faecal fermentation. The COS-rich hydrolysate showed excellent prebiotic effect in both studies, successfully supporting the growth of beneficial probiotic strains, and was highly fermentable by faecal microbiota producing gas and short chain fatty acids. Acetate and propionate production were the highest when faecal bacteria fermented COS-rich solution compared with standard substrates. For the first time, COS was shown to be fermented by faecal microbiota, demonstrating the potential benefits of valorised grape marc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kevin K Y Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Victoria S Haritos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Tian T, Rumachik N, Sinrod AJG, Barile D, Liu Y. Coupling an ion chromatography to high resolution mass spectrometry (IC-MS) for the discovery of potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides in Chardonnay grape marc. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123540. [PMID: 36462400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made of three to twenty monosaccharide units linked through glycosidic bonds. Emerging research into the potential prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides is creating opportunities to use industrial byproducts as value-added products. Grape marc is a residue left after winemaking and has been shown to provide health benefits to humans. In this study, we analyzed the oligosaccharides in Chardonnay grape marc by utilizing a hyphenated platform in which an ion chromatography (IC) system is coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS). With this platform, we obtained a structural library including 32 oligosaccharides with unique compositions of monosaccharides and 61 oligosaccharide structures. Notably, the ion chromatographic separation provided resolution of charged isomers while maintaining separation capacity for small, neutral oligosaccharides. High-quality tandem MS also facilitated the identification of oligosaccharides with structural modifications including methylation and the presence of sugar alditols and hexuronic acids. The data acquired by the IC-MS system were also compared with previously published LC-MS data. We found that these two platforms are largely complementary and, in combination, provide a more comprehensive characterization of oligosaccharides than either platform achieves alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, United States; Amgen Research, Molecular Analytics, Biologics Therapeutic Discovery, 750 Gateway Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States(1).
| | - Neil Rumachik
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, United States.
| | - Amanda J G Sinrod
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Mattson, 343 Hatch Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, United States(1).
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Yan Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1228 Titan Way, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, United States.
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3
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Gómez-Brandón M, Fornasier F, de Andrade N, Domínguez J. Influence of earthworms on the microbial properties and extracellular enzyme activities during vermicomposting of raw and distilled grape marc. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115654. [PMID: 35792389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of winery wastes by using appropriate management technologies is of utmost need in order to reduce to a minimum their disposal and avoid negative environmental impacts. This is of particular interest for grape marc, the main solid by-product of the winery industry. However, comparative studies on a pilot-scale dealing with the impact of earthworms on marc derived from both red and white grape varieties during vermicomposting are still scarce. The present study sought to evaluate the changes in the biochemical and microbiological properties of red and white raw marc in the presence and the absence of the earthworm species Eisenia andrei. The distilled marc obtained through distillation of the red grape marc was also considered under this scenario. Samples were taken after 14, 28, 42, and 63 days of vermicomposting. On day 14 earthworms led to a pronounced increase in most of the enzymatic activities, but only in those vermireactors fed with raw marc from the red grape variety. Alfa- and beta-glucosidase as well as chitinase and leucine-aminopeptidase activities were between 3 to 5-times higher relative to the control, while alkaline phosphomonoesterase was even up to 14-fold higher with earthworm presence. From day 28 onwards the magnitude of earthworms' effect on the studied enzymes was also dependent on the type of grape marc. Reduced values of basal respiration, ranging between 200 and 350 mg CO2 kg OM h-1 and indicative of stabilized materials were found in the resulting vermicomposts. Moreover, the content of macro- and micronutrients in the end products matched with those considered to have the quality criteria of a good vermicompost. Altogether, these findings reinforce the effectiveness of vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of grape marc with the dual purpose of fertilizer production and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Fornasier
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Gorizia, Italy; SOLIomics s.r.l., Via del Cotonificio, 129/B, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Nariane de Andrade
- Departamento de Ciencia do Solo, Universidade Federal de Santa María, Río Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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4
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Alfonzo A, Laudicina VA, Muscarella SM, Badalucco L, Moschetti G, Spanò GM, Francesca N. Cellulolytic bacteria joined with deproteinized whey decrease carbon to nitrogen ratio and improve stability of compost from wine production chain by-products. J Environ Manage 2022; 304:114194. [PMID: 34864414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composting residues from wine and dairy chains would contribute to increase the environmental sustainability of the production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of deproteinized whey combined with bioactivators on the composting process. Bacillus velezensis and Kocuria rhizophila, bacteria with cellulolytic activity, were isolated from raw materials and inoculated in the organic mass to be composted. Piles moistened with deproteinized whey showed the highest reduction of total and dissolved organic carbon due to the stimulation of bacterial activity by nitrogen compounds held within deproteinized whey. Such findings were also confirmed by the speed up of the microbial carbon mineralization. Bioactivators and deproteinized whey speeded up the composting process and returned compost characterized by high stability and quality. The addition of available N is crucial to improve the composting process and can act even better if combined with cellulolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alfonzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Sofia Maria Muscarella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Badalucco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Moschetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Massimo Spanò
- Cantine Europa Società Cooperativa Agricola, SS 115 Km 42.400, Petrosino, 91020, Italy
| | - Nicola Francesca
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Jelley RE, Lee AJ, Zujovic Z, Villas-Boas SG, Barker D, Fedrizzi B. First use of grape waste-derived building blocks to yield antimicrobial materials. Food Chem 2022; 370:131025. [PMID: 34509147 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Grape marc is an underutilised waste material that poses significant environmental issues. This study offers the first proof-of-concept investigation into the polymerisation of both crude and purified Sauvignon blanc grape marc extracts using the diacyl chlorides terephthaloyl chloride, succinyl chloride, adipoyl chloride, sebacoyl chloride, and the tartaric acid derivative (4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarbonyl dichloride to obtain new materials, in what to the best of our knowledge is the first reported example of a direct polymerisation of an agricultural waste extract. A total of 26 novel materials were prepared. It has also shown that quercetin, a phenolic monomer found in grape marc extracts, can be polymerised with (4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarbonyl dichloride to give a polymer that shows activity towards S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Jelley
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Alex J Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zoran Zujovic
- Centre for NMR, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Silas G Villas-Boas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno Fedrizzi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Green Chemical Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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6
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Rama JLR, Mallo N, Biddau M, Fernandes F, de Miguel T, Sheiner L, Choupina A, Lores M. Exploring the powerful phytoarsenal of white grape marc against bacteria and parasites causing significant diseases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:24270-24278. [PMID: 31939019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts containing high polyphenolic concentration possess antibacterial, anti-parasitic and fungicidal activities. The present research characterises two extracts based on white grape marc, a winemaking by-product, describing their physicochemical features and antimicrobial capacities. The main components of these extracts are phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and their gallates and flavonols and their glycosides. As a result of this complex composition, the extracts showed pronounced bioactivities with potential uses in agricultural, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Polyphenol compounds were extracted by using hydro-organic solvent mixtures from the by-product of Albariño white wines (Galicia, NW Spain) production. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of these extracts was evaluated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Apicomplexan and Oomycota parasites. Microbial species investigated are causing agents of several human and animal diseases, such as foodborne illnesses (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Toxoplasma gondii), skin infections and/or mastitis (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis), malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) and plant infections as "chestnut ink" or "root rot" (Phytophthora cinnamomi). Both extracts showed activity against all the tested species, being nontoxic for the host. So, they could be used for the development of biocides to control a wide range of pathogenic agents and contribute to the enhancement of winemaking industry by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Rodríguez Rama
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Natalia Mallo
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology. Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflamation., University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marco Biddau
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology. Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflamation., University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco Fernandes
- Department of Socioeconomical systems, I. Politécnico Bragança, 5300-253, Terras Trás-os-Montes, Portugal
| | - Trinidad de Miguel
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Lilach Sheiner
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology. Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflamation., University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Altino Choupina
- Department of Socioeconomical systems, I. Politécnico Bragança, 5300-253, Terras Trás-os-Montes, Portugal
| | - Marta Lores
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, A Coruña, Spain
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7
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Cortés A, Moreira MT, Domínguez J, Lores M, Feijoo G. Unraveling the environmental impacts of bioactive compounds and organic amendment from grape marc. J Environ Manage 2020; 272:111066. [PMID: 32669260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a society that produces large amounts of solid waste, the search for new methods of valorisation has led to the development of techniques that make it possible to obtain new products from waste. In the case of bio-waste, biological treatment such as anaerobic digestion or composting appear to be suitable options for producing bio-energy or bio-fertilizers respectively. Vermicomposting is a method of converting solid organic waste into resources through bio-oxidation and stabilization of the organic waste by earthworms. The purpose of this study is to establish the environmental impacts of a complete route for the valorisation of grape pomace in order to identify environmental hotspots. In this valorisation route, different value-added products are produced with potential application in the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical sectors. Priority was given to the use of primary data in the elaboration of the data inventories needed to perform the life cycle assessment (LCA). The main findings from this study reported that the energy requirement of the distillation process is an important hot spot of the process. Although the valorisation route has some poor results in terms of the two environmental indicators (carbon footprint and normalised impact index), when economic revenues were included in this analysis, its environmental performance was better than that of other alternatives for bio-waste recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cortés
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Maria Teresa Moreira
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Lores
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Roubalová R, Procházková P, Hanč A, Dvořák J, Bilej M. Mutual interactions of E. andrei earthworm and pathogens during the process of vermicomposting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:33429-33437. [PMID: 30840250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a process by which earthworms together with microorganisms degrade organic wastes into a humus-like material called vermicompost. This process does not include a thermophilic stage, and therefore, the possible presence of pathogens represents a potential health hazard. To elucidate the effect of earthworms in the selective reduction of pathogens, grape marc substrate was artificially inoculated with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB), and Salmonella spp., and their reduction during vermicomposting was monitored. Various defense mechanisms eliminating microorganisms in the earthworm gut were assumed to be involved in the process of pathogen reduction. Therefore, we followed the expression of three pattern recognition receptors (coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and Toll-like receptor (v-TLR)), two antimicrobial molecules (fetidin/lysenins and lysozyme), and heat shock protein HSP70. We detected the significant decrease of some defense molecules (fetidin/lysenins and LBP) in all pathogen-inoculated substrates, and the increase of CCF and LBP in the Salmonella spp.-inoculated substrate. At the same time, the reduction of pathogens during vermicomposting was assessed. We observed the accelerated reduction of E. coli, Enterococcus spp., and TCB in pathogen-inoculated substrates with earthworms compared to that without earthworms. Moreover, the differences between the microbiome of grape marc substrate and earthworm intestines were determined by high throughput sequencing. This analysis revealed that the bacterial composition of grape marc substrate differed from the composition of the content of earthworm intestines, suggesting the elimination of specific bacterial species during food passage through the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hanč
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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9
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Sparrow AM, Dambergs RG, Close DC. Grape skins as supplements for color development in Pinot noir wine. Food Res Int 2020; 133:108707. [PMID: 32466922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A particular challenge to making wine from Pinot noir grapes is the delicate flavor, light color and poor ageing potential of the wine. Conventional Pinot noir must preparations were compared with those made using a skin-based supplement to assess the impact on non-bleachable (sulfur resistant) pigments in the wine. When supplemented with either fresh grape pomace of Pinot noir, Pinot gris or Chardonnay grapes; Pinot noir grape marc or a commercial liquid grape skin extract, the additional seeds and pulp from the supplements were shown to compromise the development of stable pigments in the wine. To compare the relative merits of tannin derived from grape skins and seeds, the supplements used in a parallel experiment were the skins alone of the same three grape varieties and at six months bottle age, the stable pigment concentration was found to exceed the amount attributable to the supplement. A third experiment used fermented grape skins as the supplement, with 85% of the supplementary anthocyanin recovered as stable pigment complexes in the wine. Notably, this series of experiments showed that supplements containing grape seeds appeared to compromise non-bleachable pigment formation in the wine while skin only supplements stimulated their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Sparrow
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Robert G Dambergs
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Dugald C Close
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
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10
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Garrido T, Gizdavic-Nikolaidis M, Leceta I, Urdanpilleta M, Guerrero P, de la Caba K, Kilmartin PA. Optimizing the extraction process of natural antioxidants from chardonnay grape marc using microwave-assisted extraction. Waste Manag 2019; 88:110-117. [PMID: 31079623 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to extract phenolic compounds from Chardonnay grape marc employing a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Firstly, the effect of solvent concentration (30-60%), solid mass (1.0-2.0 g) and extraction time (5-15 min) on the recovery of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity was evaluated using a response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal parameters found by RSM were 48% ethanol for the solvent content, 10 min for the extraction time, and 1.77 g for the solid mass. The extraction was carried out at room temperature to increase scaling-up opportunities at industrial level. It was found that the phenolic profile was mainly composed of flavanols, such as procyanidins, catechin and epicatechin. Furthermore, the polyphenols obtained by MAE showed a DPPH· inhibition value of 87 ± 5% and the total phenolic content was 1.21 ± 0.04 mg GAE/mL. Finally, it was observed that the degradation temperature of the extract (≈ 200 °C) was above the temperature commonly used for the manufacture of protein films by thermo-mechanical processes. This highlights the potential use of this extract as a bioactive additive in protein film forming formulations for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Garrido
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Itsaso Leceta
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Applied Mathematics, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Urdanpilleta
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Applied Physics I, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Escuela de Ingeniería de Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Paul A Kilmartin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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11
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Gloria A, Contri A, Grotta L, Carluccio A, Robbe D, Ianni A, Vignola G, Martino G. Effect of dietary grape marc on fresh and refrigerated boar semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:18-26. [PMID: 30981566 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In several studies there has been evaluation of the dietary addition of antioxidants to improve the quality of fresh and stored semen in domestic animals. Grape marc (GM), as the residue of vinification, contains large amounts of polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiaging effects. In this study, two regimens of dietary GM supplementation (2% and 4%) were tested regarding effects on the characteristics and lipid peroxidation of fresh and stored semen. The dietary supplementation of GM improved sperm characteristics in fresh semen, especially at 4% of GM. There were greater values for all kinetic variables and membrane integrity, and lesser values for sperm abnormalities and lipid peroxidation with 2% and 4% GM supplementation. Lipid peroxidation of the pellet was less with both 2% and 4% GM supplementation. During sperm storage, the dietary supplementation of GM improved the quality of sperm, with greater values for kinetic variables and membrane integrity at day 15 of storage. In the present study, supplementation of GM in boar diets improved fresh semen characteristics and reduced the lipid peroxidation of ejaculated spermatozoa, possibly due to the effect of polyphenols present in the GM. Consequently, this likely resulted in improved sperm quality during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gloria
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Contri
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Lisa Grotta
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Augusto Carluccio
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Domenico Robbe
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Ianni
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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12
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Zhang N, Hoadley A, Patel J, Lim S, Li C. Sustainable options for the utilization of solid residues from wine production. Waste Manag 2017; 60:173-183. [PMID: 28094155 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficient use of solid organic waste materials is an issue of particular importance for the wine industry. This paper focuses on the valorization of grape marc, the major component of winery organic waste (60-70%). Two methods were designed and compared: combustion to generate electricity, and the pyrolysis for the production of bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas. Each of these processes was analysed to determine their economic and environmental viability. The flow-sheeting software, ASPEN PLUS, was used to model the two cases. Data from the simulations was used to inform techno-economic and environmental analyses. Pyrolysis was found to be the superior method of utilizing grape marc from both economic and environmental perspectives. Both pyrolysis and combustion exploit the energy content of the waste, which is not recovered by the traditional treatments, composting or distillation. In addition to the production of energy, pyrolysis yielded 151kg of bio-char and 140kg of bio-oil per tonne of grape marc. These products may be used in place of fossil fuels, resulting in a net reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. However, the potential deleterious effects resulting from the replacement of the traditional treatments was not considered. Investment in either pyrolysis or combustion had a negligible impact on the price of the wine produced for wineries with an annual grape crush larger than 1000 tonnes. Composting has significant economic advantages in wineries with a small grape crush of less than 50 tonnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Hoadley
- School of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jim Patel
- CSIRO Energy, 71 Normanby Road, Clayton North, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Seng Lim
- CSIRO Energy, 71 Normanby Road, Clayton North, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Chao'en Li
- CSIRO Energy, 71 Normanby Road, Clayton North, Victoria 3169, Australia.
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13
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Basso D, Patuzzi F, Castello D, Baratieri M, Rada EC, Weiss-Hortala E, Fiori L. Agro-industrial waste to solid biofuel through hydrothermal carbonization. Waste Manag 2016; 47:114-121. [PMID: 26031328 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the use of grape marc for energy purposes was investigated. Grape marc is a residual lignocellulosic by-product from the winery industry, which is present in every world region where vine-making is addressed. Among the others, hydrothermal carbonization was chosen as a promising alternative thermochemical process, suitable for the treatment of this high moisture substrate. Through a 50 mL experimental apparatus, hydrothermal carbonization tests were performed at several temperatures (namely: 180, 220 and 250 °C) and residence times (1, 3, 8 h). Analyses on both the solid and the gaseous phases obtained downstream of the process were performed. In particular, solid and gas yields versus the process operational conditions were studied and the obtained hydrochar was evaluated in terms of calorific value, elemental analysis, and thermal stability. Data testify that hydrochar form grape marc presents interesting values of HHV (in the range 19.8-24.1 MJ/kg) and physical-chemical characteristics which make hydrochar exploitable as a solid biofuel. In the meanwhile, the amount of gases produced is very small, if compared to other thermochemical processes. This represents an interesting result when considering environmental issues. Statistical analysis of data allows to affirm that, in the chosen range of operational conditions, the process is influenced more by temperature than residence time. These preliminary results support the option of upgrading grape marc toward its energetic valorisation through hydrothermal carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Basso
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy
| | - Francesco Patuzzi
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Daniele Castello
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy
| | - Marco Baratieri
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy
| | | | - Luca Fiori
- University of Trento, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Italy.
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14
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Corbin KR, Hsieh YSY, Betts NS, Byrt CS, Henderson M, Stork J, DeBolt S, Fincher GB, Burton RA. Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. Bioresour Technol 2015; 193:76-83. [PMID: 26117238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Global grape production could generate up to 13 Mt/yr of wasted biomass. The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. Ethanol insoluble residues consisted mainly of polyphenols, pectic polysaccharides, heteroxylans and cellulose. Acid and thermal pre-treatments were investigated for their effects on subsequent cellulose saccharification. A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall R Corbin
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Natalie S Betts
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Marilyn Henderson
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Jozsef Stork
- Plant Physiology, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Plant Physiology, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Science Center North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Geoffrey B Fincher
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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Fabbri A, Bonifazi G, Serranti S. Micro-scale energy valorization of grape marcs in winery production plants. Waste Manag 2015; 36:156-165. [PMID: 25529134 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of winery organic waste, with reference to two Italian red and white grapes (i.e. Nero Buono and Greco) by-products was investigated. The study was carried out to verify the possibility to reduce the production impact in a green-waste-management-chain-perspective. The possibility to efficiently utilize wine-related-by-products for energy production at a micro-scale (i.e. small-medium scale winery production plant) was also verified. Results showed as a good correlation can be established between the percentage of COD removal and the biogas production, as the winery can produce, from its waste methanization, about 7800 kW h year(-1) electrical and 8900 kW h year(-1) thermal. A critical evaluation was performed about the possibility to utilize the proposed approach to realize an optimal biomass waste management and an energetic valorization in a local-energy-production-perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fabbri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment - Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bonifazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment - Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Serranti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials & Environment - Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
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16
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Tao Y, Zhang Z, Sun DW. Kinetic modeling of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from grape marc: influence of acoustic energy density and temperature. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:1461-9. [PMID: 24613646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acoustic energy density (6.8-47.4 W/L) and temperature (20-50 °C) on the extraction yields of total phenolics and tartaric esters during ultrasound-assisted extraction from grape marc were investigated in this study. The ultrasound treatment was performed in a 25-kHz ultrasound bath system and the 50% aqueous ethanol was used as the solvent. The initial extraction rate and final extraction yield increased with the increase of acoustic energy density and temperature. The two site kinetic model was used to simulate the kinetics of extraction process and the diffusion model based on the Fick's second law was employed to determine the effective diffusion coefficient of phenolics in grape marc. Both models gave satisfactory quality of data fit. The diffusion process was divided into one fast stage and one slow stage and the diffusion coefficients in both stages were calculated. Within the current experimental range, the diffusion coefficients of total phenolics and tartaric esters for both diffusion stages increased with acoustic energy density. Meanwhile, the rise of temperature also resulted in the increase of diffusion coefficients of phenolics except the diffusion coefficient of total phenolics in the fast stage, the value of which being the highest at 40 °C. Moreover, an empirical equation was suggested to correlate the effective diffusion coefficient of phenolics in grape marc with acoustic energy density and temperature. In addition, the performance comparison of ultrasound-assisted extraction and convention methods demonstrates that ultrasound is an effective and promising technology to extract bioactive substances from grape marc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tao
- FRCFT, School of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zhihang Zhang
- FRCFT, School of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- FRCFT, School of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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17
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Benouaret R, Goujon E, Goupil P. Grape marc extract causes early perception events, defence reactions and hypersensitive response in cultured tobacco cells. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 77:84-9. [PMID: 24561714 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grape marc extract (GME) showed elicitor activity on suspension-cultured cells of tobacco. The BY-2 cells reacted to GME (0.25% and 0.125%) with a long-sustained pH rise in their growth medium. Using EGTA or LaCl3, we showed that extracellular alkalinization depended on Ca(2+) mobilization. The tobacco BY-2 cells challenged with GME promoted cell death and the upregulation of defence-related genes such as PR3, PAL and CCoAOMT. Cell death rate was quantified using an experimental calibrated Evans Blue assay. The GME-induced cell death was dose-dependent and occurred in 24 h. Longer exposure increased the extent of tobacco cell death. To investigate a potential hypersensitive reaction, we tested the effect of various inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) and proteases (aprotinin, pepstatin and E-64) on GME-induced cell death. All these chemicals reduced GME-induced cell death rate in 30 min. Overall, our findings indicate that GME elicits early perception events, defence reactions and cell death requiring protein synthesis and proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benouaret
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR INRA 547 PIAF, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E Goujon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR INRA 547 PIAF, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Goupil
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR INRA 547 PIAF, 24 avenue des Landais, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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18
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Perez-Ameneiro M, Vecino X, Barbosa-Pereira L, Cruz JM, Moldes AB. Removal of pigments from aqueous solution by a calcium alginate- grape marc biopolymer: a kinetic study. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:954-60. [PMID: 24299861 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the potential use of a biopolymer based on grape marc entrapped in calcium alginate beads for the removal of pigments from an agro industrial effluent was evaluated. The parameters that affect the pigment adsorption such as pH (3.5-7.0), temperature (10-40°C) and initial pigment concentration (6.9-55.1mg/L) were studied by applying an incomplete factorial design. The dependent variables evaluated consisted of color effluent parameters from CIELAB and Tristimulus system, as well as the concentration of pigments in the wastewater after the adsorption treatment. The most significant independent variables tested were the pigments concentration followed by pH, whereas temperature had a negligible effect on the adsorption process. Moreover, at the optimal operational conditions (pH 3.5 and room temperature) kinetic studies were carried out by applying pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Chien-Clayton and intraparticle diffusion models, observing a good agreement between theoretical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perez-Ameneiro
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo, School of Industrial Engineering (EEI), Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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